From 698f8c2f01ea549d77d7dc3338a12e04c11057b9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Baumann Date: Wed, 17 Apr 2024 14:02:58 +0200 Subject: Adding upstream version 1.64.0+dfsg1. Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann --- src/doc/book/nostarch/introduction.md | 191 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 191 insertions(+) create mode 100644 src/doc/book/nostarch/introduction.md (limited to 'src/doc/book/nostarch/introduction.md') diff --git a/src/doc/book/nostarch/introduction.md b/src/doc/book/nostarch/introduction.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b3ff9b111 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/doc/book/nostarch/introduction.md @@ -0,0 +1,191 @@ + + +[TOC] + +# Introduction + +Welcome to *The Rust Programming Language*, an introductory book about Rust. +The Rust programming language helps you write faster, more reliable software. +High-level ergonomics and low-level control are often at odds in programming +language design; Rust challenges that conflict. Through balancing powerful +technical capacity and a great developer experience, Rust gives you the option +to control low-level details (such as memory usage) without all the hassle +traditionally associated with such control. + +## Who Rust Is For + +Rust is ideal for many people for a variety of reasons. Let’s look at a few of +the most important groups. + +### Teams of Developers + +Rust is proving to be a productive tool for collaborating among large teams of +developers with varying levels of systems programming knowledge. Low-level code +is prone to various subtle bugs, which in most other languages can be caught +only through extensive testing and careful code review by experienced +developers. In Rust, the compiler plays a gatekeeper role by refusing to +compile code with these elusive bugs, including concurrency bugs. By working +alongside the compiler, the team can spend their time focusing on the program’s +logic rather than chasing down bugs. + +Rust also brings contemporary developer tools to the systems programming world: + +* Cargo, the included dependency manager and build tool, makes adding, + compiling, and managing dependencies painless and consistent across the Rust + ecosystem. +* The Rustfmt formatting tool ensures a consistent coding style across + developers. +* The Rust Language Server powers Integrated Development Environment (IDE) + integration for code completion and inline error messages. + +By using these and other tools in the Rust ecosystem, developers can be +productive while writing systems-level code. + +### Students + +Rust is for students and those who are interested in learning about systems +concepts. Using Rust, many people have learned about topics like operating +systems development. The community is very welcoming and happy to answer +student questions. Through efforts such as this book, the Rust teams want to +make systems concepts more accessible to more people, especially those new to +programming. + +### Companies + +Hundreds of companies, large and small, use Rust in production for a variety of +tasks, including command line tools, web services, DevOps tooling, embedded +devices, audio and video analysis and transcoding, cryptocurrencies, +bioinformatics, search engines, Internet of Things applications, machine +learning, and even major parts of the Firefox web browser. + + + + +### Open Source Developers + +Rust is for people who want to build the Rust programming language, community, +developer tools, and libraries. We’d love to have you contribute to the Rust +language. + +### People Who Value Speed and Stability + +Rust is for people who crave speed and stability in a language. By speed, we +mean both how quickly Rust code can run and the speed at which Rust lets you +write programs. The Rust compiler’s checks ensure stability through feature +additions and refactoring. This is in contrast to the brittle legacy code in +languages without these checks, which developers are often afraid to modify. By +striving for zero-cost abstractions, higher-level features that compile to +lower-level code as fast as code written manually, Rust endeavors to make safe +code be fast code as well. + +The Rust language hopes to support many other users as well; those mentioned +here are merely some of the biggest stakeholders. Overall, Rust’s greatest +ambition is to eliminate the trade-offs that programmers have accepted for +decades by providing safety *and* productivity, speed *and* ergonomics. Give +Rust a try and see if its choices work for you. + +## Who This Book Is For + +This book assumes that you’ve written code in another programming language but +doesn’t make any assumptions about which one. We’ve tried to make the material +broadly accessible to those from a wide variety of programming backgrounds. We +don’t spend a lot of time talking about what programming *is* or how to think +about it. If you’re entirely new to programming, you would be better served by +reading a book that specifically provides an introduction to programming. + +## How to Use This Book + +In general, this book assumes that you’re reading it in sequence from front to +back. Later chapters build on concepts in earlier chapters, and earlier +chapters might not delve into details on a particular topic but will revisit +the topic in a later chapter. + +You’ll find two kinds of chapters in this book: concept chapters and project +chapters. In concept chapters, you’ll learn about an aspect of Rust. In project +chapters, we’ll build small programs together, applying what you’ve learned so +far. Chapters 2, 12, and 20 are project chapters; the rest are concept chapters. + +Chapter 1 explains how to install Rust, how to write a “Hello, world!” program, +and how to use Cargo, Rust’s package manager and build tool. Chapter 2 is a +hands-on introduction to writing a program in Rust, having you build up a +number guessing game. Here we cover concepts at a high level, and later +chapters will provide additional detail. If you want to get your hands dirty +right away, Chapter 2 is the place for that. Chapter 3 covers Rust features +that are similar to those of other programming languages, and in Chapter 4 +you'll learn about Rust’s ownership system. If you’re a particularly meticulous +learner who prefers to learn every detail before moving on to the next, you +might want to skip Chapter 2 and go straight to Chapter 3, returning to Chapter +2 when you’d like to work on a project applying the details you’ve learned. + +Chapter 5 discusses structs and methods, and Chapter 6 covers enums, `match` +expressions, and the `if let` control flow construct. You’ll use structs and +enums to make custom types in Rust. + +In Chapter 7, you’ll learn about Rust’s module system and about privacy rules +for organizing your code and its public Application Programming Interface +(API). Chapter 8 discusses some common collection data structures that the +standard library provides, such as vectors, strings, and hash maps. Chapter 9 +explores Rust’s error-handling philosophy and techniques. + +Chapter 10 digs into generics, traits, and lifetimes, which give you the power +to define code that applies to multiple types. Chapter 11 is all about testing, +which even with Rust’s safety guarantees is necessary to ensure your program’s +logic is correct. In Chapter 12, we’ll build our own implementation of a subset +of functionality from the `grep` command line tool that searches for text +within files. For this, we’ll use many of the concepts we discussed in the +previous chapters. + +Chapter 13 explores closures and iterators: features of Rust that come from +functional programming languages. In Chapter 14, we’ll examine Cargo in more +depth and talk about best practices for sharing your libraries with others. +Chapter 15 discusses smart pointers that the standard library provides and the +traits that enable their functionality. + +In Chapter 16, we’ll walk through different models of concurrent programming +and talk about how Rust helps you to program in multiple threads fearlessly. +Chapter 17 looks at how Rust idioms compare to object-oriented programming +principles you might be familiar with. + +Chapter 18 is a reference on patterns and pattern matching, which are powerful +ways of expressing ideas throughout Rust programs. Chapter 19 contains a +smorgasbord of advanced topics of interest, including unsafe Rust, macros, and +more about lifetimes, traits, types, functions, and closures. + +In Chapter 20, we’ll complete a project in which we’ll implement a low-level +multithreaded web server! + +Finally, some appendices contain useful information about the language in a +more reference-like format. Appendix A covers Rust’s keywords, Appendix B +covers Rust’s operators and symbols, Appendix C covers derivable traits +provided by the standard library, Appendix D covers some useful development +tools, and Appendix E explains Rust editions. + +There is no wrong way to read this book: if you want to skip ahead, go for it! +You might have to jump back to earlier chapters if you experience any +confusion. But do whatever works for you. + +An important part of the process of learning Rust is learning how to read the +error messages the compiler displays: these will guide you toward working code. +As such, we’ll provide many examples that don’t compile along with the error +message the compiler will show you in each situation. Know that if you enter +and run a random example, it may not compile! Make sure you read the +surrounding text to see whether the example you’re trying to run is meant to +error. In most situations, we’ll lead you to the correct version of any code +that doesn’t compile. + +## Resources and How to Contribute to This Book + +This book is open source. If you find an error, please don't hesitate to file +an issue or send a pull request on GitHub at +*https://github.com/rust-lang/book/*. Please see *CONTRIBUTING.md* at +*https://github.com/rust-lang/book/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md* for more details. + +The source code for the examples in this book, errata, and other information +are available at *https://www.nostarch.com/Rust2021/*. -- cgit v1.2.3