A lifetime didn't match what was expected. Erroneous code example: ```compile_fail,E0623 struct Foo<'a, 'b, T>(std::marker::PhantomData<(&'a (), &'b (), T)>) where T: Convert<'a, 'b>; trait Convert<'a, 'b>: Sized { fn cast(&'a self) -> &'b Self; } impl<'long: 'short, 'short, T> Convert<'long, 'short> for T { fn cast(&'long self) -> &'short T { self } } // error fn badboi<'in_, 'out, T>( x: Foo<'in_, 'out, T>, sadness: &'in_ T ) -> &'out T { sadness.cast() } ``` In this example, we tried to set a value with an incompatible lifetime to another one (`'in_` is unrelated to `'out`). We can solve this issue in two different ways: Either we make `'in_` live at least as long as `'out`: ``` struct Foo<'a, 'b, T>(std::marker::PhantomData<(&'a (), &'b (), T)>) where T: Convert<'a, 'b>; trait Convert<'a, 'b>: Sized { fn cast(&'a self) -> &'b Self; } impl<'long: 'short, 'short, T> Convert<'long, 'short> for T { fn cast(&'long self) -> &'short T { self } } fn badboi<'in_: 'out, 'out, T>( x: Foo<'in_, 'out, T>, sadness: &'in_ T ) -> &'out T { sadness.cast() } ``` Or we use only one lifetime: ``` struct Foo<'a, 'b, T>(std::marker::PhantomData<(&'a (), &'b (), T)>) where T: Convert<'a, 'b>; trait Convert<'a, 'b>: Sized { fn cast(&'a self) -> &'b Self; } impl<'long: 'short, 'short, T> Convert<'long, 'short> for T { fn cast(&'long self) -> &'short T { self } } fn badboi<'out, T>(x: Foo<'out, 'out, T>, sadness: &'out T) -> &'out T { sadness.cast() } ```