use crate::base::{DummyResult, ExtCtxt, MacResult, TTMacroExpander}; use crate::base::{SyntaxExtension, SyntaxExtensionKind}; use crate::expand::{ensure_complete_parse, parse_ast_fragment, AstFragment, AstFragmentKind}; use crate::mbe; use crate::mbe::macro_check; use crate::mbe::macro_parser::{Error, ErrorReported, Failure, Success, TtParser}; use crate::mbe::macro_parser::{MatchedSeq, MatchedTokenTree, MatcherLoc}; use crate::mbe::transcribe::transcribe; use rustc_ast as ast; use rustc_ast::token::{self, Delimiter, NonterminalKind, Token, TokenKind, TokenKind::*}; use rustc_ast::tokenstream::{DelimSpan, TokenStream}; use rustc_ast::{NodeId, DUMMY_NODE_ID}; use rustc_ast_pretty::pprust; use rustc_attr::{self as attr, TransparencyError}; use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxIndexMap}; use rustc_errors::{Applicability, Diagnostic, DiagnosticBuilder, DiagnosticMessage}; use rustc_feature::Features; use rustc_lint_defs::builtin::{ RUST_2021_INCOMPATIBLE_OR_PATTERNS, SEMICOLON_IN_EXPRESSIONS_FROM_MACROS, }; use rustc_lint_defs::BuiltinLintDiagnostics; use rustc_parse::parser::Parser; use rustc_session::parse::ParseSess; use rustc_session::Session; use rustc_span::edition::Edition; use rustc_span::hygiene::Transparency; use rustc_span::source_map::SourceMap; use rustc_span::symbol::{kw, sym, Ident, MacroRulesNormalizedIdent}; use rustc_span::Span; use std::borrow::Cow; use std::collections::hash_map::Entry; use std::{mem, slice}; pub(crate) struct ParserAnyMacro<'a> { parser: Parser<'a>, /// Span of the expansion site of the macro this parser is for site_span: Span, /// The ident of the macro we're parsing macro_ident: Ident, lint_node_id: NodeId, is_trailing_mac: bool, arm_span: Span, /// Whether or not this macro is defined in the current crate is_local: bool, } pub(crate) fn annotate_err_with_kind(err: &mut Diagnostic, kind: AstFragmentKind, span: Span) { match kind { AstFragmentKind::Ty => { err.span_label(span, "this macro call doesn't expand to a type"); } AstFragmentKind::Pat => { err.span_label(span, "this macro call doesn't expand to a pattern"); } _ => {} }; } fn emit_frag_parse_err( mut e: DiagnosticBuilder<'_, rustc_errors::ErrorGuaranteed>, parser: &Parser<'_>, orig_parser: &mut Parser<'_>, site_span: Span, arm_span: Span, kind: AstFragmentKind, ) { // FIXME(davidtwco): avoid depending on the error message text if parser.token == token::Eof && let DiagnosticMessage::Str(message) = &e.message[0].0 && message.ends_with(", found ``") { let msg = &e.message[0]; e.message[0] = ( DiagnosticMessage::Str(format!( "macro expansion ends with an incomplete expression: {}", message.replace(", found ``", ""), )), msg.1, ); if !e.span.is_dummy() { // early end of macro arm (#52866) e.replace_span_with(parser.token.span.shrink_to_hi()); } } if e.span.is_dummy() { // Get around lack of span in error (#30128) e.replace_span_with(site_span); if !parser.sess.source_map().is_imported(arm_span) { e.span_label(arm_span, "in this macro arm"); } } else if parser.sess.source_map().is_imported(parser.token.span) { e.span_label(site_span, "in this macro invocation"); } match kind { // Try a statement if an expression is wanted but failed and suggest adding `;` to call. AstFragmentKind::Expr => match parse_ast_fragment(orig_parser, AstFragmentKind::Stmts) { Err(err) => err.cancel(), Ok(_) => { e.note( "the macro call doesn't expand to an expression, but it can expand to a statement", ); e.span_suggestion_verbose( site_span.shrink_to_hi(), "add `;` to interpret the expansion as a statement", ";", Applicability::MaybeIncorrect, ); } }, _ => annotate_err_with_kind(&mut e, kind, site_span), }; e.emit(); } impl<'a> ParserAnyMacro<'a> { pub(crate) fn make(mut self: Box>, kind: AstFragmentKind) -> AstFragment { let ParserAnyMacro { site_span, macro_ident, ref mut parser, lint_node_id, arm_span, is_trailing_mac, is_local, } = *self; let snapshot = &mut parser.create_snapshot_for_diagnostic(); let fragment = match parse_ast_fragment(parser, kind) { Ok(f) => f, Err(err) => { emit_frag_parse_err(err, parser, snapshot, site_span, arm_span, kind); return kind.dummy(site_span); } }; // We allow semicolons at the end of expressions -- e.g., the semicolon in // `macro_rules! m { () => { panic!(); } }` isn't parsed by `.parse_expr()`, // but `m!()` is allowed in expression positions (cf. issue #34706). if kind == AstFragmentKind::Expr && parser.token == token::Semi { if is_local { parser.sess.buffer_lint_with_diagnostic( SEMICOLON_IN_EXPRESSIONS_FROM_MACROS, parser.token.span, lint_node_id, "trailing semicolon in macro used in expression position", BuiltinLintDiagnostics::TrailingMacro(is_trailing_mac, macro_ident), ); } parser.bump(); } // Make sure we don't have any tokens left to parse so we don't silently drop anything. let path = ast::Path::from_ident(macro_ident.with_span_pos(site_span)); ensure_complete_parse(parser, &path, kind.name(), site_span); fragment } } struct MacroRulesMacroExpander { node_id: NodeId, name: Ident, span: Span, transparency: Transparency, lhses: Vec>, rhses: Vec, valid: bool, } impl TTMacroExpander for MacroRulesMacroExpander { fn expand<'cx>( &self, cx: &'cx mut ExtCtxt<'_>, sp: Span, input: TokenStream, ) -> Box { if !self.valid { return DummyResult::any(sp); } expand_macro( cx, sp, self.span, self.node_id, self.name, self.transparency, input, &self.lhses, &self.rhses, ) } } fn macro_rules_dummy_expander<'cx>( _: &'cx mut ExtCtxt<'_>, span: Span, _: TokenStream, ) -> Box { DummyResult::any(span) } fn trace_macros_note(cx_expansions: &mut FxIndexMap>, sp: Span, message: String) { let sp = sp.macro_backtrace().last().map_or(sp, |trace| trace.call_site); cx_expansions.entry(sp).or_default().push(message); } /// Expands the rules based macro defined by `lhses` and `rhses` for a given /// input `arg`. fn expand_macro<'cx>( cx: &'cx mut ExtCtxt<'_>, sp: Span, def_span: Span, node_id: NodeId, name: Ident, transparency: Transparency, arg: TokenStream, lhses: &[Vec], rhses: &[mbe::TokenTree], ) -> Box { let sess = &cx.sess.parse_sess; // Macros defined in the current crate have a real node id, // whereas macros from an external crate have a dummy id. let is_local = node_id != DUMMY_NODE_ID; if cx.trace_macros() { let msg = format!("expanding `{}! {{ {} }}`", name, pprust::tts_to_string(&arg)); trace_macros_note(&mut cx.expansions, sp, msg); } // Which arm's failure should we report? (the one furthest along) let mut best_failure: Option<(Token, &str)> = None; // We create a base parser that can be used for the "black box" parts. // Every iteration needs a fresh copy of that parser. However, the parser // is not mutated on many of the iterations, particularly when dealing with // macros like this: // // macro_rules! foo { // ("a") => (A); // ("b") => (B); // ("c") => (C); // // ... etc. (maybe hundreds more) // } // // as seen in the `html5ever` benchmark. We use a `Cow` so that the base // parser is only cloned when necessary (upon mutation). Furthermore, we // reinitialize the `Cow` with the base parser at the start of every // iteration, so that any mutated parsers are not reused. This is all quite // hacky, but speeds up the `html5ever` benchmark significantly. (Issue // 68836 suggests a more comprehensive but more complex change to deal with // this situation.) // FIXME(Nilstrieb): Stop recovery from happening on this parser and retry later with recovery if the macro failed to match. let parser = parser_from_cx(sess, arg.clone()); // Try each arm's matchers. let mut tt_parser = TtParser::new(name); for (i, lhs) in lhses.iter().enumerate() { // Take a snapshot of the state of pre-expansion gating at this point. // This is used so that if a matcher is not `Success(..)`ful, // then the spans which became gated when parsing the unsuccessful matcher // are not recorded. On the first `Success(..)`ful matcher, the spans are merged. let mut gated_spans_snapshot = mem::take(&mut *sess.gated_spans.spans.borrow_mut()); match tt_parser.parse_tt(&mut Cow::Borrowed(&parser), lhs) { Success(named_matches) => { // The matcher was `Success(..)`ful. // Merge the gated spans from parsing the matcher with the pre-existing ones. sess.gated_spans.merge(gated_spans_snapshot); let (rhs, rhs_span): (&mbe::Delimited, DelimSpan) = match &rhses[i] { mbe::TokenTree::Delimited(span, delimited) => (&delimited, *span), _ => cx.span_bug(sp, "malformed macro rhs"), }; let arm_span = rhses[i].span(); let rhs_spans = rhs.tts.iter().map(|t| t.span()).collect::>(); // rhs has holes ( `$id` and `$(...)` that need filled) let mut tts = match transcribe(cx, &named_matches, &rhs, rhs_span, transparency) { Ok(tts) => tts, Err(mut err) => { err.emit(); return DummyResult::any(arm_span); } }; // Replace all the tokens for the corresponding positions in the macro, to maintain // proper positions in error reporting, while maintaining the macro_backtrace. if rhs_spans.len() == tts.len() { tts = tts.map_enumerated(|i, tt| { let mut tt = tt.clone(); let mut sp = rhs_spans[i]; sp = sp.with_ctxt(tt.span().ctxt()); tt.set_span(sp); tt }); } if cx.trace_macros() { let msg = format!("to `{}`", pprust::tts_to_string(&tts)); trace_macros_note(&mut cx.expansions, sp, msg); } let mut p = Parser::new(sess, tts, false, None); p.last_type_ascription = cx.current_expansion.prior_type_ascription; if is_local { cx.resolver.record_macro_rule_usage(node_id, i); } // Let the context choose how to interpret the result. // Weird, but useful for X-macros. return Box::new(ParserAnyMacro { parser: p, // Pass along the original expansion site and the name of the macro // so we can print a useful error message if the parse of the expanded // macro leaves unparsed tokens. site_span: sp, macro_ident: name, lint_node_id: cx.current_expansion.lint_node_id, is_trailing_mac: cx.current_expansion.is_trailing_mac, arm_span, is_local, }); } Failure(token, msg) => match best_failure { Some((ref best_token, _)) if best_token.span.lo() >= token.span.lo() => {} _ => best_failure = Some((token, msg)), }, Error(err_sp, ref msg) => { let span = err_sp.substitute_dummy(sp); cx.struct_span_err(span, &msg).emit(); return DummyResult::any(span); } ErrorReported => return DummyResult::any(sp), } // The matcher was not `Success(..)`ful. // Restore to the state before snapshotting and maybe try again. mem::swap(&mut gated_spans_snapshot, &mut sess.gated_spans.spans.borrow_mut()); } drop(parser); let (token, label) = best_failure.expect("ran no matchers"); let span = token.span.substitute_dummy(sp); let mut err = cx.struct_span_err(span, &parse_failure_msg(&token)); err.span_label(span, label); if !def_span.is_dummy() && !cx.source_map().is_imported(def_span) { err.span_label(cx.source_map().guess_head_span(def_span), "when calling this macro"); } annotate_doc_comment(&mut err, sess.source_map(), span); // Check whether there's a missing comma in this macro call, like `println!("{}" a);` if let Some((arg, comma_span)) = arg.add_comma() { for lhs in lhses { let parser = parser_from_cx(sess, arg.clone()); if let Success(_) = tt_parser.parse_tt(&mut Cow::Borrowed(&parser), lhs) { if comma_span.is_dummy() { err.note("you might be missing a comma"); } else { err.span_suggestion_short( comma_span, "missing comma here", ", ", Applicability::MachineApplicable, ); } } } } err.emit(); cx.trace_macros_diag(); DummyResult::any(sp) } // Note that macro-by-example's input is also matched against a token tree: // $( $lhs:tt => $rhs:tt );+ // // Holy self-referential! /// Converts a macro item into a syntax extension. pub fn compile_declarative_macro( sess: &Session, features: &Features, def: &ast::Item, edition: Edition, ) -> (SyntaxExtension, Vec<(usize, Span)>) { debug!("compile_declarative_macro: {:?}", def); let mk_syn_ext = |expander| { SyntaxExtension::new( sess, SyntaxExtensionKind::LegacyBang(expander), def.span, Vec::new(), edition, def.ident.name, &def.attrs, ) }; let dummy_syn_ext = || (mk_syn_ext(Box::new(macro_rules_dummy_expander)), Vec::new()); let diag = &sess.parse_sess.span_diagnostic; let lhs_nm = Ident::new(sym::lhs, def.span); let rhs_nm = Ident::new(sym::rhs, def.span); let tt_spec = Some(NonterminalKind::TT); // Parse the macro_rules! invocation let (macro_rules, body) = match &def.kind { ast::ItemKind::MacroDef(def) => (def.macro_rules, def.body.inner_tokens()), _ => unreachable!(), }; // The pattern that macro_rules matches. // The grammar for macro_rules! is: // $( $lhs:tt => $rhs:tt );+ // ...quasiquoting this would be nice. // These spans won't matter, anyways let argument_gram = vec![ mbe::TokenTree::Sequence( DelimSpan::dummy(), mbe::SequenceRepetition { tts: vec![ mbe::TokenTree::MetaVarDecl(def.span, lhs_nm, tt_spec), mbe::TokenTree::token(token::FatArrow, def.span), mbe::TokenTree::MetaVarDecl(def.span, rhs_nm, tt_spec), ], separator: Some(Token::new( if macro_rules { token::Semi } else { token::Comma }, def.span, )), kleene: mbe::KleeneToken::new(mbe::KleeneOp::OneOrMore, def.span), num_captures: 2, }, ), // to phase into semicolon-termination instead of semicolon-separation mbe::TokenTree::Sequence( DelimSpan::dummy(), mbe::SequenceRepetition { tts: vec![mbe::TokenTree::token( if macro_rules { token::Semi } else { token::Comma }, def.span, )], separator: None, kleene: mbe::KleeneToken::new(mbe::KleeneOp::ZeroOrMore, def.span), num_captures: 0, }, ), ]; // Convert it into `MatcherLoc` form. let argument_gram = mbe::macro_parser::compute_locs(&argument_gram); let parser = Parser::new(&sess.parse_sess, body, true, rustc_parse::MACRO_ARGUMENTS); let mut tt_parser = TtParser::new(Ident::with_dummy_span(if macro_rules { kw::MacroRules } else { kw::Macro })); let argument_map = match tt_parser.parse_tt(&mut Cow::Borrowed(&parser), &argument_gram) { Success(m) => m, Failure(token, msg) => { let s = parse_failure_msg(&token); let sp = token.span.substitute_dummy(def.span); let mut err = sess.parse_sess.span_diagnostic.struct_span_err(sp, &s); err.span_label(sp, msg); annotate_doc_comment(&mut err, sess.source_map(), sp); err.emit(); return dummy_syn_ext(); } Error(sp, msg) => { sess.parse_sess .span_diagnostic .struct_span_err(sp.substitute_dummy(def.span), &msg) .emit(); return dummy_syn_ext(); } ErrorReported => { return dummy_syn_ext(); } }; let mut valid = true; // Extract the arguments: let lhses = match argument_map[&MacroRulesNormalizedIdent::new(lhs_nm)] { MatchedSeq(ref s) => s .iter() .map(|m| { if let MatchedTokenTree(ref tt) = *m { let tt = mbe::quoted::parse( TokenStream::new(vec![tt.clone()]), true, &sess.parse_sess, def.id, features, edition, ) .pop() .unwrap(); valid &= check_lhs_nt_follows(&sess.parse_sess, &def, &tt); return tt; } sess.parse_sess.span_diagnostic.span_bug(def.span, "wrong-structured lhs") }) .collect::>(), _ => sess.parse_sess.span_diagnostic.span_bug(def.span, "wrong-structured lhs"), }; let rhses = match argument_map[&MacroRulesNormalizedIdent::new(rhs_nm)] { MatchedSeq(ref s) => s .iter() .map(|m| { if let MatchedTokenTree(ref tt) = *m { return mbe::quoted::parse( TokenStream::new(vec![tt.clone()]), false, &sess.parse_sess, def.id, features, edition, ) .pop() .unwrap(); } sess.parse_sess.span_diagnostic.span_bug(def.span, "wrong-structured lhs") }) .collect::>(), _ => sess.parse_sess.span_diagnostic.span_bug(def.span, "wrong-structured rhs"), }; for rhs in &rhses { valid &= check_rhs(&sess.parse_sess, rhs); } // don't abort iteration early, so that errors for multiple lhses can be reported for lhs in &lhses { valid &= check_lhs_no_empty_seq(&sess.parse_sess, slice::from_ref(lhs)); } valid &= macro_check::check_meta_variables(&sess.parse_sess, def.id, def.span, &lhses, &rhses); let (transparency, transparency_error) = attr::find_transparency(&def.attrs, macro_rules); match transparency_error { Some(TransparencyError::UnknownTransparency(value, span)) => { diag.span_err(span, &format!("unknown macro transparency: `{}`", value)); } Some(TransparencyError::MultipleTransparencyAttrs(old_span, new_span)) => { diag.span_err(vec![old_span, new_span], "multiple macro transparency attributes"); } None => {} } // Compute the spans of the macro rules for unused rule linting. // To avoid warning noise, only consider the rules of this // macro for the lint, if all rules are valid. // Also, we are only interested in non-foreign macros. let rule_spans = if valid && def.id != DUMMY_NODE_ID { lhses .iter() .zip(rhses.iter()) .enumerate() // If the rhs contains an invocation like compile_error!, // don't consider the rule for the unused rule lint. .filter(|(_idx, (_lhs, rhs))| !has_compile_error_macro(rhs)) // We only take the span of the lhs here, // so that the spans of created warnings are smaller. .map(|(idx, (lhs, _rhs))| (idx, lhs.span())) .collect::>() } else { Vec::new() }; // Convert the lhses into `MatcherLoc` form, which is better for doing the // actual matching. Unless the matcher is invalid. let lhses = if valid { lhses .iter() .map(|lhs| { // Ignore the delimiters around the matcher. match lhs { mbe::TokenTree::Delimited(_, delimited) => { mbe::macro_parser::compute_locs(&delimited.tts) } _ => sess.parse_sess.span_diagnostic.span_bug(def.span, "malformed macro lhs"), } }) .collect() } else { vec![] }; let expander = Box::new(MacroRulesMacroExpander { name: def.ident, span: def.span, node_id: def.id, transparency, lhses, rhses, valid, }); (mk_syn_ext(expander), rule_spans) } #[derive(Subdiagnostic)] enum ExplainDocComment { #[label(expand_explain_doc_comment_inner)] Inner { #[primary_span] span: Span, }, #[label(expand_explain_doc_comment_outer)] Outer { #[primary_span] span: Span, }, } fn annotate_doc_comment(err: &mut Diagnostic, sm: &SourceMap, span: Span) { if let Ok(src) = sm.span_to_snippet(span) { if src.starts_with("///") || src.starts_with("/**") { err.subdiagnostic(ExplainDocComment::Outer { span }); } else if src.starts_with("//!") || src.starts_with("/*!") { err.subdiagnostic(ExplainDocComment::Inner { span }); } } } fn check_lhs_nt_follows(sess: &ParseSess, def: &ast::Item, lhs: &mbe::TokenTree) -> bool { // lhs is going to be like TokenTree::Delimited(...), where the // entire lhs is those tts. Or, it can be a "bare sequence", not wrapped in parens. if let mbe::TokenTree::Delimited(_, delimited) = lhs { check_matcher(sess, def, &delimited.tts) } else { let msg = "invalid macro matcher; matchers must be contained in balanced delimiters"; sess.span_diagnostic.span_err(lhs.span(), msg); false } // we don't abort on errors on rejection, the driver will do that for us // after parsing/expansion. we can report every error in every macro this way. } /// Checks that the lhs contains no repetition which could match an empty token /// tree, because then the matcher would hang indefinitely. fn check_lhs_no_empty_seq(sess: &ParseSess, tts: &[mbe::TokenTree]) -> bool { use mbe::TokenTree; for tt in tts { match *tt { TokenTree::Token(..) | TokenTree::MetaVar(..) | TokenTree::MetaVarDecl(..) | TokenTree::MetaVarExpr(..) => (), TokenTree::Delimited(_, ref del) => { if !check_lhs_no_empty_seq(sess, &del.tts) { return false; } } TokenTree::Sequence(span, ref seq) => { if seq.separator.is_none() && seq.tts.iter().all(|seq_tt| match *seq_tt { TokenTree::MetaVarDecl(_, _, Some(NonterminalKind::Vis)) => true, TokenTree::Sequence(_, ref sub_seq) => { sub_seq.kleene.op == mbe::KleeneOp::ZeroOrMore || sub_seq.kleene.op == mbe::KleeneOp::ZeroOrOne } _ => false, }) { let sp = span.entire(); sess.span_diagnostic.span_err(sp, "repetition matches empty token tree"); return false; } if !check_lhs_no_empty_seq(sess, &seq.tts) { return false; } } } } true } fn check_rhs(sess: &ParseSess, rhs: &mbe::TokenTree) -> bool { match *rhs { mbe::TokenTree::Delimited(..) => return true, _ => { sess.span_diagnostic.span_err(rhs.span(), "macro rhs must be delimited"); } } false } fn check_matcher(sess: &ParseSess, def: &ast::Item, matcher: &[mbe::TokenTree]) -> bool { let first_sets = FirstSets::new(matcher); let empty_suffix = TokenSet::empty(); let err = sess.span_diagnostic.err_count(); check_matcher_core(sess, def, &first_sets, matcher, &empty_suffix); err == sess.span_diagnostic.err_count() } fn has_compile_error_macro(rhs: &mbe::TokenTree) -> bool { match rhs { mbe::TokenTree::Delimited(_sp, d) => { let has_compile_error = d.tts.array_windows::<3>().any(|[ident, bang, args]| { if let mbe::TokenTree::Token(ident) = ident && let TokenKind::Ident(ident, _) = ident.kind && ident == sym::compile_error && let mbe::TokenTree::Token(bang) = bang && let TokenKind::Not = bang.kind && let mbe::TokenTree::Delimited(_, del) = args && del.delim != Delimiter::Invisible { true } else { false } }); if has_compile_error { true } else { d.tts.iter().any(has_compile_error_macro) } } _ => false, } } // `The FirstSets` for a matcher is a mapping from subsequences in the // matcher to the FIRST set for that subsequence. // // This mapping is partially precomputed via a backwards scan over the // token trees of the matcher, which provides a mapping from each // repetition sequence to its *first* set. // // (Hypothetically, sequences should be uniquely identifiable via their // spans, though perhaps that is false, e.g., for macro-generated macros // that do not try to inject artificial span information. My plan is // to try to catch such cases ahead of time and not include them in // the precomputed mapping.) struct FirstSets<'tt> { // this maps each TokenTree::Sequence `$(tt ...) SEP OP` that is uniquely identified by its // span in the original matcher to the First set for the inner sequence `tt ...`. // // If two sequences have the same span in a matcher, then map that // span to None (invalidating the mapping here and forcing the code to // use a slow path). first: FxHashMap>>, } impl<'tt> FirstSets<'tt> { fn new(tts: &'tt [mbe::TokenTree]) -> FirstSets<'tt> { use mbe::TokenTree; let mut sets = FirstSets { first: FxHashMap::default() }; build_recur(&mut sets, tts); return sets; // walks backward over `tts`, returning the FIRST for `tts` // and updating `sets` at the same time for all sequence // substructure we find within `tts`. fn build_recur<'tt>(sets: &mut FirstSets<'tt>, tts: &'tt [TokenTree]) -> TokenSet<'tt> { let mut first = TokenSet::empty(); for tt in tts.iter().rev() { match *tt { TokenTree::Token(..) | TokenTree::MetaVar(..) | TokenTree::MetaVarDecl(..) | TokenTree::MetaVarExpr(..) => { first.replace_with(TtHandle::TtRef(tt)); } TokenTree::Delimited(span, ref delimited) => { build_recur(sets, &delimited.tts); first.replace_with(TtHandle::from_token_kind( token::OpenDelim(delimited.delim), span.open, )); } TokenTree::Sequence(sp, ref seq_rep) => { let subfirst = build_recur(sets, &seq_rep.tts); match sets.first.entry(sp.entire()) { Entry::Vacant(vac) => { vac.insert(Some(subfirst.clone())); } Entry::Occupied(mut occ) => { // if there is already an entry, then a span must have collided. // This should not happen with typical macro_rules macros, // but syntax extensions need not maintain distinct spans, // so distinct syntax trees can be assigned the same span. // In such a case, the map cannot be trusted; so mark this // entry as unusable. occ.insert(None); } } // If the sequence contents can be empty, then the first // token could be the separator token itself. if let (Some(sep), true) = (&seq_rep.separator, subfirst.maybe_empty) { first.add_one_maybe(TtHandle::from_token(sep.clone())); } // Reverse scan: Sequence comes before `first`. if subfirst.maybe_empty || seq_rep.kleene.op == mbe::KleeneOp::ZeroOrMore || seq_rep.kleene.op == mbe::KleeneOp::ZeroOrOne { // If sequence is potentially empty, then // union them (preserving first emptiness). first.add_all(&TokenSet { maybe_empty: true, ..subfirst }); } else { // Otherwise, sequence guaranteed // non-empty; replace first. first = subfirst; } } } } first } } // walks forward over `tts` until all potential FIRST tokens are // identified. fn first(&self, tts: &'tt [mbe::TokenTree]) -> TokenSet<'tt> { use mbe::TokenTree; let mut first = TokenSet::empty(); for tt in tts.iter() { assert!(first.maybe_empty); match *tt { TokenTree::Token(..) | TokenTree::MetaVar(..) | TokenTree::MetaVarDecl(..) | TokenTree::MetaVarExpr(..) => { first.add_one(TtHandle::TtRef(tt)); return first; } TokenTree::Delimited(span, ref delimited) => { first.add_one(TtHandle::from_token_kind( token::OpenDelim(delimited.delim), span.open, )); return first; } TokenTree::Sequence(sp, ref seq_rep) => { let subfirst_owned; let subfirst = match self.first.get(&sp.entire()) { Some(&Some(ref subfirst)) => subfirst, Some(&None) => { subfirst_owned = self.first(&seq_rep.tts); &subfirst_owned } None => { panic!("We missed a sequence during FirstSets construction"); } }; // If the sequence contents can be empty, then the first // token could be the separator token itself. if let (Some(sep), true) = (&seq_rep.separator, subfirst.maybe_empty) { first.add_one_maybe(TtHandle::from_token(sep.clone())); } assert!(first.maybe_empty); first.add_all(subfirst); if subfirst.maybe_empty || seq_rep.kleene.op == mbe::KleeneOp::ZeroOrMore || seq_rep.kleene.op == mbe::KleeneOp::ZeroOrOne { // Continue scanning for more first // tokens, but also make sure we // restore empty-tracking state. first.maybe_empty = true; continue; } else { return first; } } } } // we only exit the loop if `tts` was empty or if every // element of `tts` matches the empty sequence. assert!(first.maybe_empty); first } } // Most `mbe::TokenTree`s are pre-existing in the matcher, but some are defined // implicitly, such as opening/closing delimiters and sequence repetition ops. // This type encapsulates both kinds. It implements `Clone` while avoiding the // need for `mbe::TokenTree` to implement `Clone`. #[derive(Debug)] enum TtHandle<'tt> { /// This is used in most cases. TtRef(&'tt mbe::TokenTree), /// This is only used for implicit token trees. The `mbe::TokenTree` *must* /// be `mbe::TokenTree::Token`. No other variants are allowed. We store an /// `mbe::TokenTree` rather than a `Token` so that `get()` can return a /// `&mbe::TokenTree`. Token(mbe::TokenTree), } impl<'tt> TtHandle<'tt> { fn from_token(tok: Token) -> Self { TtHandle::Token(mbe::TokenTree::Token(tok)) } fn from_token_kind(kind: TokenKind, span: Span) -> Self { TtHandle::from_token(Token::new(kind, span)) } // Get a reference to a token tree. fn get(&'tt self) -> &'tt mbe::TokenTree { match self { TtHandle::TtRef(tt) => tt, TtHandle::Token(token_tt) => &token_tt, } } } impl<'tt> PartialEq for TtHandle<'tt> { fn eq(&self, other: &TtHandle<'tt>) -> bool { self.get() == other.get() } } impl<'tt> Clone for TtHandle<'tt> { fn clone(&self) -> Self { match self { TtHandle::TtRef(tt) => TtHandle::TtRef(tt), // This variant *must* contain a `mbe::TokenTree::Token`, and not // any other variant of `mbe::TokenTree`. TtHandle::Token(mbe::TokenTree::Token(tok)) => { TtHandle::Token(mbe::TokenTree::Token(tok.clone())) } _ => unreachable!(), } } } // A set of `mbe::TokenTree`s, which may include `TokenTree::Match`s // (for macro-by-example syntactic variables). It also carries the // `maybe_empty` flag; that is true if and only if the matcher can // match an empty token sequence. // // The First set is computed on submatchers like `$($a:expr b),* $(c)* d`, // which has corresponding FIRST = {$a:expr, c, d}. // Likewise, `$($a:expr b),* $(c)+ d` has FIRST = {$a:expr, c}. // // (Notably, we must allow for *-op to occur zero times.) #[derive(Clone, Debug)] struct TokenSet<'tt> { tokens: Vec>, maybe_empty: bool, } impl<'tt> TokenSet<'tt> { // Returns a set for the empty sequence. fn empty() -> Self { TokenSet { tokens: Vec::new(), maybe_empty: true } } // Returns the set `{ tok }` for the single-token (and thus // non-empty) sequence [tok]. fn singleton(tt: TtHandle<'tt>) -> Self { TokenSet { tokens: vec![tt], maybe_empty: false } } // Changes self to be the set `{ tok }`. // Since `tok` is always present, marks self as non-empty. fn replace_with(&mut self, tt: TtHandle<'tt>) { self.tokens.clear(); self.tokens.push(tt); self.maybe_empty = false; } // Changes self to be the empty set `{}`; meant for use when // the particular token does not matter, but we want to // record that it occurs. fn replace_with_irrelevant(&mut self) { self.tokens.clear(); self.maybe_empty = false; } // Adds `tok` to the set for `self`, marking sequence as non-empty. fn add_one(&mut self, tt: TtHandle<'tt>) { if !self.tokens.contains(&tt) { self.tokens.push(tt); } self.maybe_empty = false; } // Adds `tok` to the set for `self`. (Leaves `maybe_empty` flag alone.) fn add_one_maybe(&mut self, tt: TtHandle<'tt>) { if !self.tokens.contains(&tt) { self.tokens.push(tt); } } // Adds all elements of `other` to this. // // (Since this is a set, we filter out duplicates.) // // If `other` is potentially empty, then preserves the previous // setting of the empty flag of `self`. If `other` is guaranteed // non-empty, then `self` is marked non-empty. fn add_all(&mut self, other: &Self) { for tt in &other.tokens { if !self.tokens.contains(tt) { self.tokens.push(tt.clone()); } } if !other.maybe_empty { self.maybe_empty = false; } } } // Checks that `matcher` is internally consistent and that it // can legally be followed by a token `N`, for all `N` in `follow`. // (If `follow` is empty, then it imposes no constraint on // the `matcher`.) // // Returns the set of NT tokens that could possibly come last in // `matcher`. (If `matcher` matches the empty sequence, then // `maybe_empty` will be set to true.) // // Requires that `first_sets` is pre-computed for `matcher`; // see `FirstSets::new`. fn check_matcher_core<'tt>( sess: &ParseSess, def: &ast::Item, first_sets: &FirstSets<'tt>, matcher: &'tt [mbe::TokenTree], follow: &TokenSet<'tt>, ) -> TokenSet<'tt> { use mbe::TokenTree; let mut last = TokenSet::empty(); // 2. For each token and suffix [T, SUFFIX] in M: // ensure that T can be followed by SUFFIX, and if SUFFIX may be empty, // then ensure T can also be followed by any element of FOLLOW. 'each_token: for i in 0..matcher.len() { let token = &matcher[i]; let suffix = &matcher[i + 1..]; let build_suffix_first = || { let mut s = first_sets.first(suffix); if s.maybe_empty { s.add_all(follow); } s }; // (we build `suffix_first` on demand below; you can tell // which cases are supposed to fall through by looking for the // initialization of this variable.) let suffix_first; // First, update `last` so that it corresponds to the set // of NT tokens that might end the sequence `... token`. match *token { TokenTree::Token(..) | TokenTree::MetaVar(..) | TokenTree::MetaVarDecl(..) | TokenTree::MetaVarExpr(..) => { if token_can_be_followed_by_any(token) { // don't need to track tokens that work with any, last.replace_with_irrelevant(); // ... and don't need to check tokens that can be // followed by anything against SUFFIX. continue 'each_token; } else { last.replace_with(TtHandle::TtRef(token)); suffix_first = build_suffix_first(); } } TokenTree::Delimited(span, ref d) => { let my_suffix = TokenSet::singleton(TtHandle::from_token_kind( token::CloseDelim(d.delim), span.close, )); check_matcher_core(sess, def, first_sets, &d.tts, &my_suffix); // don't track non NT tokens last.replace_with_irrelevant(); // also, we don't need to check delimited sequences // against SUFFIX continue 'each_token; } TokenTree::Sequence(_, ref seq_rep) => { suffix_first = build_suffix_first(); // The trick here: when we check the interior, we want // to include the separator (if any) as a potential // (but not guaranteed) element of FOLLOW. So in that // case, we make a temp copy of suffix and stuff // delimiter in there. // // FIXME: Should I first scan suffix_first to see if // delimiter is already in it before I go through the // work of cloning it? But then again, this way I may // get a "tighter" span? let mut new; let my_suffix = if let Some(sep) = &seq_rep.separator { new = suffix_first.clone(); new.add_one_maybe(TtHandle::from_token(sep.clone())); &new } else { &suffix_first }; // At this point, `suffix_first` is built, and // `my_suffix` is some TokenSet that we can use // for checking the interior of `seq_rep`. let next = check_matcher_core(sess, def, first_sets, &seq_rep.tts, my_suffix); if next.maybe_empty { last.add_all(&next); } else { last = next; } // the recursive call to check_matcher_core already ran the 'each_last // check below, so we can just keep going forward here. continue 'each_token; } } // (`suffix_first` guaranteed initialized once reaching here.) // Now `last` holds the complete set of NT tokens that could // end the sequence before SUFFIX. Check that every one works with `suffix`. for tt in &last.tokens { if let &TokenTree::MetaVarDecl(span, name, Some(kind)) = tt.get() { for next_token in &suffix_first.tokens { let next_token = next_token.get(); // Check if the old pat is used and the next token is `|` // to warn about incompatibility with Rust 2021. // We only emit this lint if we're parsing the original // definition of this macro_rules, not while (re)parsing // the macro when compiling another crate that is using the // macro. (See #86567.) // Macros defined in the current crate have a real node id, // whereas macros from an external crate have a dummy id. if def.id != DUMMY_NODE_ID && matches!(kind, NonterminalKind::PatParam { inferred: true }) && matches!(next_token, TokenTree::Token(token) if token.kind == BinOp(token::BinOpToken::Or)) { // It is suggestion to use pat_param, for example: $x:pat -> $x:pat_param. let suggestion = quoted_tt_to_string(&TokenTree::MetaVarDecl( span, name, Some(NonterminalKind::PatParam { inferred: false }), )); sess.buffer_lint_with_diagnostic( &RUST_2021_INCOMPATIBLE_OR_PATTERNS, span, ast::CRATE_NODE_ID, "the meaning of the `pat` fragment specifier is changing in Rust 2021, which may affect this macro", BuiltinLintDiagnostics::OrPatternsBackCompat(span, suggestion), ); } match is_in_follow(next_token, kind) { IsInFollow::Yes => {} IsInFollow::No(possible) => { let may_be = if last.tokens.len() == 1 && suffix_first.tokens.len() == 1 { "is" } else { "may be" }; let sp = next_token.span(); let mut err = sess.span_diagnostic.struct_span_err( sp, &format!( "`${name}:{frag}` {may_be} followed by `{next}`, which \ is not allowed for `{frag}` fragments", name = name, frag = kind, next = quoted_tt_to_string(next_token), may_be = may_be ), ); err.span_label(sp, format!("not allowed after `{}` fragments", kind)); if kind == NonterminalKind::PatWithOr && sess.edition.rust_2021() && next_token.is_token(&BinOp(token::BinOpToken::Or)) { let suggestion = quoted_tt_to_string(&TokenTree::MetaVarDecl( span, name, Some(NonterminalKind::PatParam { inferred: false }), )); err.span_suggestion( span, "try a `pat_param` fragment specifier instead", suggestion, Applicability::MaybeIncorrect, ); } let msg = "allowed there are: "; match possible { &[] => {} &[t] => { err.note(&format!( "only {} is allowed after `{}` fragments", t, kind, )); } ts => { err.note(&format!( "{}{} or {}", msg, ts[..ts.len() - 1] .iter() .copied() .collect::>() .join(", "), ts[ts.len() - 1], )); } } err.emit(); } } } } } } last } fn token_can_be_followed_by_any(tok: &mbe::TokenTree) -> bool { if let mbe::TokenTree::MetaVarDecl(_, _, Some(kind)) = *tok { frag_can_be_followed_by_any(kind) } else { // (Non NT's can always be followed by anything in matchers.) true } } /// Returns `true` if a fragment of type `frag` can be followed by any sort of /// token. We use this (among other things) as a useful approximation /// for when `frag` can be followed by a repetition like `$(...)*` or /// `$(...)+`. In general, these can be a bit tricky to reason about, /// so we adopt a conservative position that says that any fragment /// specifier which consumes at most one token tree can be followed by /// a fragment specifier (indeed, these fragments can be followed by /// ANYTHING without fear of future compatibility hazards). fn frag_can_be_followed_by_any(kind: NonterminalKind) -> bool { matches!( kind, NonterminalKind::Item // always terminated by `}` or `;` | NonterminalKind::Block // exactly one token tree | NonterminalKind::Ident // exactly one token tree | NonterminalKind::Literal // exactly one token tree | NonterminalKind::Meta // exactly one token tree | NonterminalKind::Lifetime // exactly one token tree | NonterminalKind::TT // exactly one token tree ) } enum IsInFollow { Yes, No(&'static [&'static str]), } /// Returns `true` if `frag` can legally be followed by the token `tok`. For /// fragments that can consume an unbounded number of tokens, `tok` /// must be within a well-defined follow set. This is intended to /// guarantee future compatibility: for example, without this rule, if /// we expanded `expr` to include a new binary operator, we might /// break macros that were relying on that binary operator as a /// separator. // when changing this do not forget to update doc/book/macros.md! fn is_in_follow(tok: &mbe::TokenTree, kind: NonterminalKind) -> IsInFollow { use mbe::TokenTree; if let TokenTree::Token(Token { kind: token::CloseDelim(_), .. }) = *tok { // closing a token tree can never be matched by any fragment; // iow, we always require that `(` and `)` match, etc. IsInFollow::Yes } else { match kind { NonterminalKind::Item => { // since items *must* be followed by either a `;` or a `}`, we can // accept anything after them IsInFollow::Yes } NonterminalKind::Block => { // anything can follow block, the braces provide an easy boundary to // maintain IsInFollow::Yes } NonterminalKind::Stmt | NonterminalKind::Expr => { const TOKENS: &[&str] = &["`=>`", "`,`", "`;`"]; match tok { TokenTree::Token(token) => match token.kind { FatArrow | Comma | Semi => IsInFollow::Yes, _ => IsInFollow::No(TOKENS), }, _ => IsInFollow::No(TOKENS), } } NonterminalKind::PatParam { .. } => { const TOKENS: &[&str] = &["`=>`", "`,`", "`=`", "`|`", "`if`", "`in`"]; match tok { TokenTree::Token(token) => match token.kind { FatArrow | Comma | Eq | BinOp(token::Or) => IsInFollow::Yes, Ident(name, false) if name == kw::If || name == kw::In => IsInFollow::Yes, _ => IsInFollow::No(TOKENS), }, _ => IsInFollow::No(TOKENS), } } NonterminalKind::PatWithOr { .. } => { const TOKENS: &[&str] = &["`=>`", "`,`", "`=`", "`if`", "`in`"]; match tok { TokenTree::Token(token) => match token.kind { FatArrow | Comma | Eq => IsInFollow::Yes, Ident(name, false) if name == kw::If || name == kw::In => IsInFollow::Yes, _ => IsInFollow::No(TOKENS), }, _ => IsInFollow::No(TOKENS), } } NonterminalKind::Path | NonterminalKind::Ty => { const TOKENS: &[&str] = &[ "`{`", "`[`", "`=>`", "`,`", "`>`", "`=`", "`:`", "`;`", "`|`", "`as`", "`where`", ]; match tok { TokenTree::Token(token) => match token.kind { OpenDelim(Delimiter::Brace) | OpenDelim(Delimiter::Bracket) | Comma | FatArrow | Colon | Eq | Gt | BinOp(token::Shr) | Semi | BinOp(token::Or) => IsInFollow::Yes, Ident(name, false) if name == kw::As || name == kw::Where => { IsInFollow::Yes } _ => IsInFollow::No(TOKENS), }, TokenTree::MetaVarDecl(_, _, Some(NonterminalKind::Block)) => IsInFollow::Yes, _ => IsInFollow::No(TOKENS), } } NonterminalKind::Ident | NonterminalKind::Lifetime => { // being a single token, idents and lifetimes are harmless IsInFollow::Yes } NonterminalKind::Literal => { // literals may be of a single token, or two tokens (negative numbers) IsInFollow::Yes } NonterminalKind::Meta | NonterminalKind::TT => { // being either a single token or a delimited sequence, tt is // harmless IsInFollow::Yes } NonterminalKind::Vis => { // Explicitly disallow `priv`, on the off chance it comes back. const TOKENS: &[&str] = &["`,`", "an ident", "a type"]; match tok { TokenTree::Token(token) => match token.kind { Comma => IsInFollow::Yes, Ident(name, is_raw) if is_raw || name != kw::Priv => IsInFollow::Yes, _ => { if token.can_begin_type() { IsInFollow::Yes } else { IsInFollow::No(TOKENS) } } }, TokenTree::MetaVarDecl( _, _, Some(NonterminalKind::Ident | NonterminalKind::Ty | NonterminalKind::Path), ) => IsInFollow::Yes, _ => IsInFollow::No(TOKENS), } } } } } fn quoted_tt_to_string(tt: &mbe::TokenTree) -> String { match *tt { mbe::TokenTree::Token(ref token) => pprust::token_to_string(&token).into(), mbe::TokenTree::MetaVar(_, name) => format!("${}", name), mbe::TokenTree::MetaVarDecl(_, name, Some(kind)) => format!("${}:{}", name, kind), mbe::TokenTree::MetaVarDecl(_, name, None) => format!("${}:", name), _ => panic!( "{}", "unexpected mbe::TokenTree::{Sequence or Delimited} \ in follow set checker" ), } } fn parser_from_cx(sess: &ParseSess, tts: TokenStream) -> Parser<'_> { Parser::new(sess, tts, true, rustc_parse::MACRO_ARGUMENTS) } /// Generates an appropriate parsing failure message. For EOF, this is "unexpected end...". For /// other tokens, this is "unexpected token...". fn parse_failure_msg(tok: &Token) -> String { match tok.kind { token::Eof => "unexpected end of macro invocation".to_string(), _ => format!("no rules expected the token `{}`", pprust::token_to_string(tok),), } }