pub trait MakeRef<'a> { type Ref; } impl<'a, T: 'a> MakeRef<'a> for T { type Ref = &'a T; } pub trait MakeRef2 { type Ref2; } impl<'a, T: 'a> MakeRef2 for T { //~^ ERROR the lifetime parameter `'a` is not constrained type Ref2 = >::Ref; } fn foo() -> ::Ref2 { &String::from("foo") } fn main() { println!("{}", foo()); }