// edition:2018 trait Trait<'a, 'b> {} impl Trait<'_, '_> for T {} // `Ordinary<'a> <: Ordinary<'b>` if `'a: 'b`, as with most types. // // I am purposefully avoiding the terms co- and contra-variant because // their application to regions depends on how you interpreted Rust // regions. -nikomatsakis struct Ordinary<'a>(&'a u8); // Here we need something outlived by `'a` *and* outlived by `'b`, but // we can only name `'a` and `'b` (and neither suits). So we get an // error. Somewhat unfortunate, though, since the caller would have to // consider the loans for both `'a` and `'b` alive. fn upper_bounds<'a, 'b>(a: Ordinary<'a>, b: Ordinary<'b>) -> impl Trait<'a, 'b> { // We return a value: // // ``` // 'a: '0 // 'b: '1 // '0 in ['a, 'b] // ``` // // but we don't have it. // // We are forced to pick that '0 = 'e, because only 'e is outlived by *both* 'a and 'b. if condition() { a } else { b } //~^ ERROR hidden type for `impl Trait<'a, 'b>` captures lifetime that does not appear in bounds } fn condition() -> bool { true } fn main() {}