use crate::io::driver::{Handle, Interest, ReadyEvent, Registration}; use mio::unix::SourceFd; use std::io; use std::os::unix::io::{AsRawFd, RawFd}; use std::{task::Context, task::Poll}; /// Associates an IO object backed by a Unix file descriptor with the tokio /// reactor, allowing for readiness to be polled. The file descriptor must be of /// a type that can be used with the OS polling facilities (ie, `poll`, `epoll`, /// `kqueue`, etc), such as a network socket or pipe, and the file descriptor /// must have the nonblocking mode set to true. /// /// Creating an AsyncFd registers the file descriptor with the current tokio /// Reactor, allowing you to directly await the file descriptor being readable /// or writable. Once registered, the file descriptor remains registered until /// the AsyncFd is dropped. /// /// The AsyncFd takes ownership of an arbitrary object to represent the IO /// object. It is intended that this object will handle closing the file /// descriptor when it is dropped, avoiding resource leaks and ensuring that the /// AsyncFd can clean up the registration before closing the file descriptor. /// The [`AsyncFd::into_inner`] function can be used to extract the inner object /// to retake control from the tokio IO reactor. /// /// The inner object is required to implement [`AsRawFd`]. This file descriptor /// must not change while [`AsyncFd`] owns the inner object, i.e. the /// [`AsRawFd::as_raw_fd`] method on the inner type must always return the same /// file descriptor when called multiple times. Failure to uphold this results /// in unspecified behavior in the IO driver, which may include breaking /// notifications for other sockets/etc. /// /// Polling for readiness is done by calling the async functions [`readable`] /// and [`writable`]. These functions complete when the associated readiness /// condition is observed. Any number of tasks can query the same `AsyncFd` in /// parallel, on the same or different conditions. /// /// On some platforms, the readiness detecting mechanism relies on /// edge-triggered notifications. This means that the OS will only notify Tokio /// when the file descriptor transitions from not-ready to ready. For this to /// work you should first try to read or write and only poll for readiness /// if that fails with an error of [`std::io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock`]. /// /// Tokio internally tracks when it has received a ready notification, and when /// readiness checking functions like [`readable`] and [`writable`] are called, /// if the readiness flag is set, these async functions will complete /// immediately. This however does mean that it is critical to ensure that this /// ready flag is cleared when (and only when) the file descriptor ceases to be /// ready. The [`AsyncFdReadyGuard`] returned from readiness checking functions /// serves this function; after calling a readiness-checking async function, /// you must use this [`AsyncFdReadyGuard`] to signal to tokio whether the file /// descriptor is no longer in a ready state. /// /// ## Use with to a poll-based API /// /// In some cases it may be desirable to use `AsyncFd` from APIs similar to /// [`TcpStream::poll_read_ready`]. The [`AsyncFd::poll_read_ready`] and /// [`AsyncFd::poll_write_ready`] functions are provided for this purpose. /// Because these functions don't create a future to hold their state, they have /// the limitation that only one task can wait on each direction (read or write) /// at a time. /// /// # Examples /// /// This example shows how to turn [`std::net::TcpStream`] asynchronous using /// `AsyncFd`. It implements `read` as an async fn, and `AsyncWrite` as a trait /// to show how to implement both approaches. /// /// ```no_run /// use futures::ready; /// use std::io::{self, Read, Write}; /// use std::net::TcpStream; /// use std::pin::Pin; /// use std::task::{Context, Poll}; /// use tokio::io::AsyncWrite; /// use tokio::io::unix::AsyncFd; /// /// pub struct AsyncTcpStream { /// inner: AsyncFd, /// } /// /// impl AsyncTcpStream { /// pub fn new(tcp: TcpStream) -> io::Result { /// Ok(Self { /// inner: AsyncFd::new(tcp)?, /// }) /// } /// /// pub async fn read(&self, out: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result { /// loop { /// let mut guard = self.inner.readable().await?; /// /// match guard.try_io(|inner| inner.get_ref().read(out)) { /// Ok(result) => return result, /// Err(_would_block) => continue, /// } /// } /// } /// } /// /// impl AsyncWrite for AsyncTcpStream { /// fn poll_write( /// self: Pin<&mut Self>, /// cx: &mut Context<'_>, /// buf: &[u8] /// ) -> Poll> { /// loop { /// let mut guard = ready!(self.inner.poll_write_ready(cx))?; /// /// match guard.try_io(|inner| inner.get_ref().write(buf)) { /// Ok(result) => return Poll::Ready(result), /// Err(_would_block) => continue, /// } /// } /// } /// /// fn poll_flush( /// self: Pin<&mut Self>, /// cx: &mut Context<'_>, /// ) -> Poll> { /// // tcp flush is a no-op /// Poll::Ready(Ok(())) /// } /// /// fn poll_shutdown( /// self: Pin<&mut Self>, /// cx: &mut Context<'_>, /// ) -> Poll> { /// self.inner.get_ref().shutdown(std::net::Shutdown::Write)?; /// Poll::Ready(Ok(())) /// } /// } /// ``` /// /// [`readable`]: method@Self::readable /// [`writable`]: method@Self::writable /// [`AsyncFdReadyGuard`]: struct@self::AsyncFdReadyGuard /// [`TcpStream::poll_read_ready`]: struct@crate::net::TcpStream pub struct AsyncFd { registration: Registration, inner: Option, } /// Represents an IO-ready event detected on a particular file descriptor that /// has not yet been acknowledged. This is a `must_use` structure to help ensure /// that you do not forget to explicitly clear (or not clear) the event. /// /// This type exposes an immutable reference to the underlying IO object. #[must_use = "You must explicitly choose whether to clear the readiness state by calling a method on ReadyGuard"] pub struct AsyncFdReadyGuard<'a, T: AsRawFd> { async_fd: &'a AsyncFd, event: Option, } /// Represents an IO-ready event detected on a particular file descriptor that /// has not yet been acknowledged. This is a `must_use` structure to help ensure /// that you do not forget to explicitly clear (or not clear) the event. /// /// This type exposes a mutable reference to the underlying IO object. #[must_use = "You must explicitly choose whether to clear the readiness state by calling a method on ReadyGuard"] pub struct AsyncFdReadyMutGuard<'a, T: AsRawFd> { async_fd: &'a mut AsyncFd, event: Option, } const ALL_INTEREST: Interest = Interest::READABLE.add(Interest::WRITABLE); impl AsyncFd { #[inline] /// Creates an AsyncFd backed by (and taking ownership of) an object /// implementing [`AsRawFd`]. The backing file descriptor is cached at the /// time of creation. /// /// This method must be called in the context of a tokio runtime. pub fn new(inner: T) -> io::Result where T: AsRawFd, { Self::with_interest(inner, ALL_INTEREST) } #[inline] /// Creates new instance as `new` with additional ability to customize interest, /// allowing to specify whether file descriptor will be polled for read, write or both. pub fn with_interest(inner: T, interest: Interest) -> io::Result where T: AsRawFd, { Self::new_with_handle_and_interest(inner, Handle::current(), interest) } pub(crate) fn new_with_handle_and_interest( inner: T, handle: Handle, interest: Interest, ) -> io::Result { let fd = inner.as_raw_fd(); let registration = Registration::new_with_interest_and_handle(&mut SourceFd(&fd), interest, handle)?; Ok(AsyncFd { registration, inner: Some(inner), }) } /// Returns a shared reference to the backing object of this [`AsyncFd`] #[inline] pub fn get_ref(&self) -> &T { self.inner.as_ref().unwrap() } /// Returns a mutable reference to the backing object of this [`AsyncFd`] #[inline] pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T { self.inner.as_mut().unwrap() } fn take_inner(&mut self) -> Option { let fd = self.inner.as_ref().map(AsRawFd::as_raw_fd); if let Some(fd) = fd { let _ = self.registration.deregister(&mut SourceFd(&fd)); } self.inner.take() } /// Deregisters this file descriptor and returns ownership of the backing /// object. pub fn into_inner(mut self) -> T { self.take_inner().unwrap() } /// Polls for read readiness. /// /// If the file descriptor is not currently ready for reading, this method /// will store a clone of the [`Waker`] from the provided [`Context`]. When the /// file descriptor becomes ready for reading, [`Waker::wake`] will be called. /// /// Note that on multiple calls to [`poll_read_ready`] or /// [`poll_read_ready_mut`], only the `Waker` from the `Context` passed to the /// most recent call is scheduled to receive a wakeup. (However, /// [`poll_write_ready`] retains a second, independent waker). /// /// This method is intended for cases where creating and pinning a future /// via [`readable`] is not feasible. Where possible, using [`readable`] is /// preferred, as this supports polling from multiple tasks at once. /// /// This method takes `&self`, so it is possible to call this method /// concurrently with other methods on this struct. This method only /// provides shared access to the inner IO resource when handling the /// [`AsyncFdReadyGuard`]. /// /// [`poll_read_ready`]: method@Self::poll_read_ready /// [`poll_read_ready_mut`]: method@Self::poll_read_ready_mut /// [`poll_write_ready`]: method@Self::poll_write_ready /// [`readable`]: method@Self::readable /// [`Context`]: struct@std::task::Context /// [`Waker`]: struct@std::task::Waker /// [`Waker::wake`]: method@std::task::Waker::wake pub fn poll_read_ready<'a>( &'a self, cx: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll>> { let event = ready!(self.registration.poll_read_ready(cx))?; Ok(AsyncFdReadyGuard { async_fd: self, event: Some(event), }) .into() } /// Polls for read readiness. /// /// If the file descriptor is not currently ready for reading, this method /// will store a clone of the [`Waker`] from the provided [`Context`]. When the /// file descriptor becomes ready for reading, [`Waker::wake`] will be called. /// /// Note that on multiple calls to [`poll_read_ready`] or /// [`poll_read_ready_mut`], only the `Waker` from the `Context` passed to the /// most recent call is scheduled to receive a wakeup. (However, /// [`poll_write_ready`] retains a second, independent waker). /// /// This method is intended for cases where creating and pinning a future /// via [`readable`] is not feasible. Where possible, using [`readable`] is /// preferred, as this supports polling from multiple tasks at once. /// /// This method takes `&mut self`, so it is possible to access the inner IO /// resource mutably when handling the [`AsyncFdReadyMutGuard`]. /// /// [`poll_read_ready`]: method@Self::poll_read_ready /// [`poll_read_ready_mut`]: method@Self::poll_read_ready_mut /// [`poll_write_ready`]: method@Self::poll_write_ready /// [`readable`]: method@Self::readable /// [`Context`]: struct@std::task::Context /// [`Waker`]: struct@std::task::Waker /// [`Waker::wake`]: method@std::task::Waker::wake pub fn poll_read_ready_mut<'a>( &'a mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll>> { let event = ready!(self.registration.poll_read_ready(cx))?; Ok(AsyncFdReadyMutGuard { async_fd: self, event: Some(event), }) .into() } /// Polls for write readiness. /// /// If the file descriptor is not currently ready for writing, this method /// will store a clone of the [`Waker`] from the provided [`Context`]. When the /// file descriptor becomes ready for writing, [`Waker::wake`] will be called. /// /// Note that on multiple calls to [`poll_write_ready`] or /// [`poll_write_ready_mut`], only the `Waker` from the `Context` passed to the /// most recent call is scheduled to receive a wakeup. (However, /// [`poll_read_ready`] retains a second, independent waker). /// /// This method is intended for cases where creating and pinning a future /// via [`writable`] is not feasible. Where possible, using [`writable`] is /// preferred, as this supports polling from multiple tasks at once. /// /// This method takes `&self`, so it is possible to call this method /// concurrently with other methods on this struct. This method only /// provides shared access to the inner IO resource when handling the /// [`AsyncFdReadyGuard`]. /// /// [`poll_read_ready`]: method@Self::poll_read_ready /// [`poll_write_ready`]: method@Self::poll_write_ready /// [`poll_write_ready_mut`]: method@Self::poll_write_ready_mut /// [`writable`]: method@Self::readable /// [`Context`]: struct@std::task::Context /// [`Waker`]: struct@std::task::Waker /// [`Waker::wake`]: method@std::task::Waker::wake pub fn poll_write_ready<'a>( &'a self, cx: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll>> { let event = ready!(self.registration.poll_write_ready(cx))?; Ok(AsyncFdReadyGuard { async_fd: self, event: Some(event), }) .into() } /// Polls for write readiness. /// /// If the file descriptor is not currently ready for writing, this method /// will store a clone of the [`Waker`] from the provided [`Context`]. When the /// file descriptor becomes ready for writing, [`Waker::wake`] will be called. /// /// Note that on multiple calls to [`poll_write_ready`] or /// [`poll_write_ready_mut`], only the `Waker` from the `Context` passed to the /// most recent call is scheduled to receive a wakeup. (However, /// [`poll_read_ready`] retains a second, independent waker). /// /// This method is intended for cases where creating and pinning a future /// via [`writable`] is not feasible. Where possible, using [`writable`] is /// preferred, as this supports polling from multiple tasks at once. /// /// This method takes `&mut self`, so it is possible to access the inner IO /// resource mutably when handling the [`AsyncFdReadyMutGuard`]. /// /// [`poll_read_ready`]: method@Self::poll_read_ready /// [`poll_write_ready`]: method@Self::poll_write_ready /// [`poll_write_ready_mut`]: method@Self::poll_write_ready_mut /// [`writable`]: method@Self::readable /// [`Context`]: struct@std::task::Context /// [`Waker`]: struct@std::task::Waker /// [`Waker::wake`]: method@std::task::Waker::wake pub fn poll_write_ready_mut<'a>( &'a mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll>> { let event = ready!(self.registration.poll_write_ready(cx))?; Ok(AsyncFdReadyMutGuard { async_fd: self, event: Some(event), }) .into() } async fn readiness(&self, interest: Interest) -> io::Result> { let event = self.registration.readiness(interest).await?; Ok(AsyncFdReadyGuard { async_fd: self, event: Some(event), }) } async fn readiness_mut( &mut self, interest: Interest, ) -> io::Result> { let event = self.registration.readiness(interest).await?; Ok(AsyncFdReadyMutGuard { async_fd: self, event: Some(event), }) } /// Waits for the file descriptor to become readable, returning a /// [`AsyncFdReadyGuard`] that must be dropped to resume read-readiness /// polling. /// /// This method takes `&self`, so it is possible to call this method /// concurrently with other methods on this struct. This method only /// provides shared access to the inner IO resource when handling the /// [`AsyncFdReadyGuard`]. #[allow(clippy::needless_lifetimes)] // The lifetime improves rustdoc rendering. pub async fn readable<'a>(&'a self) -> io::Result> { self.readiness(Interest::READABLE).await } /// Waits for the file descriptor to become readable, returning a /// [`AsyncFdReadyMutGuard`] that must be dropped to resume read-readiness /// polling. /// /// This method takes `&mut self`, so it is possible to access the inner IO /// resource mutably when handling the [`AsyncFdReadyMutGuard`]. #[allow(clippy::needless_lifetimes)] // The lifetime improves rustdoc rendering. pub async fn readable_mut<'a>(&'a mut self) -> io::Result> { self.readiness_mut(Interest::READABLE).await } /// Waits for the file descriptor to become writable, returning a /// [`AsyncFdReadyGuard`] that must be dropped to resume write-readiness /// polling. /// /// This method takes `&self`, so it is possible to call this method /// concurrently with other methods on this struct. This method only /// provides shared access to the inner IO resource when handling the /// [`AsyncFdReadyGuard`]. #[allow(clippy::needless_lifetimes)] // The lifetime improves rustdoc rendering. pub async fn writable<'a>(&'a self) -> io::Result> { self.readiness(Interest::WRITABLE).await } /// Waits for the file descriptor to become writable, returning a /// [`AsyncFdReadyMutGuard`] that must be dropped to resume write-readiness /// polling. /// /// This method takes `&mut self`, so it is possible to access the inner IO /// resource mutably when handling the [`AsyncFdReadyMutGuard`]. #[allow(clippy::needless_lifetimes)] // The lifetime improves rustdoc rendering. pub async fn writable_mut<'a>(&'a mut self) -> io::Result> { self.readiness_mut(Interest::WRITABLE).await } } impl AsRawFd for AsyncFd { fn as_raw_fd(&self) -> RawFd { self.inner.as_ref().unwrap().as_raw_fd() } } impl std::fmt::Debug for AsyncFd { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result { f.debug_struct("AsyncFd") .field("inner", &self.inner) .finish() } } impl Drop for AsyncFd { fn drop(&mut self) { let _ = self.take_inner(); } } impl<'a, Inner: AsRawFd> AsyncFdReadyGuard<'a, Inner> { /// Indicates to tokio that the file descriptor is no longer ready. The /// internal readiness flag will be cleared, and tokio will wait for the /// next edge-triggered readiness notification from the OS. /// /// It is critical that this function not be called unless your code /// _actually observes_ that the file descriptor is _not_ ready. Do not call /// it simply because, for example, a read succeeded; it should be called /// when a read is observed to block. /// /// [`drop`]: method@std::mem::drop pub fn clear_ready(&mut self) { if let Some(event) = self.event.take() { self.async_fd.registration.clear_readiness(event); } } /// This method should be invoked when you intentionally want to keep the /// ready flag asserted. /// /// While this function is itself a no-op, it satisfies the `#[must_use]` /// constraint on the [`AsyncFdReadyGuard`] type. pub fn retain_ready(&mut self) { // no-op } /// Performs the provided IO operation. /// /// If `f` returns a [`WouldBlock`] error, the readiness state associated /// with this file descriptor is cleared, and the method returns /// `Err(TryIoError::WouldBlock)`. You will typically need to poll the /// `AsyncFd` again when this happens. /// /// This method helps ensure that the readiness state of the underlying file /// descriptor remains in sync with the tokio-side readiness state, by /// clearing the tokio-side state only when a [`WouldBlock`] condition /// occurs. It is the responsibility of the caller to ensure that `f` /// returns [`WouldBlock`] only if the file descriptor that originated this /// `AsyncFdReadyGuard` no longer expresses the readiness state that was queried to /// create this `AsyncFdReadyGuard`. /// /// [`WouldBlock`]: std::io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock // Alias for old name in 0.x #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(alias = "with_io"))] pub fn try_io( &mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&AsyncFd) -> io::Result, ) -> Result, TryIoError> { let result = f(self.async_fd); if let Err(e) = result.as_ref() { if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock { self.clear_ready(); } } match result { Err(err) if err.kind() == io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock => Err(TryIoError(())), result => Ok(result), } } /// Returns a shared reference to the inner [`AsyncFd`]. pub fn get_ref(&self) -> &AsyncFd { self.async_fd } /// Returns a shared reference to the backing object of the inner [`AsyncFd`]. pub fn get_inner(&self) -> &Inner { self.get_ref().get_ref() } } impl<'a, Inner: AsRawFd> AsyncFdReadyMutGuard<'a, Inner> { /// Indicates to tokio that the file descriptor is no longer ready. The /// internal readiness flag will be cleared, and tokio will wait for the /// next edge-triggered readiness notification from the OS. /// /// It is critical that this function not be called unless your code /// _actually observes_ that the file descriptor is _not_ ready. Do not call /// it simply because, for example, a read succeeded; it should be called /// when a read is observed to block. /// /// [`drop`]: method@std::mem::drop pub fn clear_ready(&mut self) { if let Some(event) = self.event.take() { self.async_fd.registration.clear_readiness(event); } } /// This method should be invoked when you intentionally want to keep the /// ready flag asserted. /// /// While this function is itself a no-op, it satisfies the `#[must_use]` /// constraint on the [`AsyncFdReadyGuard`] type. pub fn retain_ready(&mut self) { // no-op } /// Performs the provided IO operation. /// /// If `f` returns a [`WouldBlock`] error, the readiness state associated /// with this file descriptor is cleared, and the method returns /// `Err(TryIoError::WouldBlock)`. You will typically need to poll the /// `AsyncFd` again when this happens. /// /// This method helps ensure that the readiness state of the underlying file /// descriptor remains in sync with the tokio-side readiness state, by /// clearing the tokio-side state only when a [`WouldBlock`] condition /// occurs. It is the responsibility of the caller to ensure that `f` /// returns [`WouldBlock`] only if the file descriptor that originated this /// `AsyncFdReadyGuard` no longer expresses the readiness state that was queried to /// create this `AsyncFdReadyGuard`. /// /// [`WouldBlock`]: std::io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock pub fn try_io( &mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut AsyncFd) -> io::Result, ) -> Result, TryIoError> { let result = f(&mut self.async_fd); if let Err(e) = result.as_ref() { if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock { self.clear_ready(); } } match result { Err(err) if err.kind() == io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock => Err(TryIoError(())), result => Ok(result), } } /// Returns a shared reference to the inner [`AsyncFd`]. pub fn get_ref(&self) -> &AsyncFd { self.async_fd } /// Returns a mutable reference to the inner [`AsyncFd`]. pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AsyncFd { self.async_fd } /// Returns a shared reference to the backing object of the inner [`AsyncFd`]. pub fn get_inner(&self) -> &Inner { self.get_ref().get_ref() } /// Returns a mutable reference to the backing object of the inner [`AsyncFd`]. pub fn get_inner_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Inner { self.get_mut().get_mut() } } impl<'a, T: std::fmt::Debug + AsRawFd> std::fmt::Debug for AsyncFdReadyGuard<'a, T> { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result { f.debug_struct("ReadyGuard") .field("async_fd", &self.async_fd) .finish() } } impl<'a, T: std::fmt::Debug + AsRawFd> std::fmt::Debug for AsyncFdReadyMutGuard<'a, T> { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result { f.debug_struct("MutReadyGuard") .field("async_fd", &self.async_fd) .finish() } } /// The error type returned by [`try_io`]. /// /// This error indicates that the IO resource returned a [`WouldBlock`] error. /// /// [`WouldBlock`]: std::io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock /// [`try_io`]: method@AsyncFdReadyGuard::try_io #[derive(Debug)] pub struct TryIoError(());