//! ## Per-Layer Filtering //! //! Per-layer filters permit individual `Layer`s to have their own filter //! configurations without interfering with other `Layer`s. //! //! This module is not public; the public APIs defined in this module are //! re-exported in the top-level `filter` module. Therefore, this documentation //! primarily concerns the internal implementation details. For the user-facing //! public API documentation, see the individual public types in this module, as //! well as the, see the `Layer` trait documentation's [per-layer filtering //! section]][1]. //! //! ## How does per-layer filtering work? //! //! As described in the API documentation, the [`Filter`] trait defines a //! filtering strategy for a per-layer filter. We expect there will be a variety //! of implementations of [`Filter`], both in `tracing-subscriber` and in user //! code. //! //! To actually *use* a [`Filter`] implementation, it is combined with a //! [`Layer`] by the [`Filtered`] struct defined in this module. [`Filtered`] //! implements [`Layer`] by calling into the wrapped [`Layer`], or not, based on //! the filtering strategy. While there will be a variety of types that implement //! [`Filter`], all actual *uses* of per-layer filtering will occur through the //! [`Filtered`] struct. Therefore, most of the implementation details live //! there. //! //! [1]: crate::layer#per-layer-filtering //! [`Filter`]: crate::layer::Filter use crate::{ filter::LevelFilter, layer::{self, Context, Layer}, registry, }; use std::{ any::TypeId, cell::{Cell, RefCell}, fmt, marker::PhantomData, sync::Arc, thread_local, }; use tracing_core::{ span, subscriber::{Interest, Subscriber}, Event, Metadata, }; /// A [`Layer`] that wraps an inner [`Layer`] and adds a [`Filter`] which /// controls what spans and events are enabled for that layer. /// /// This is returned by the [`Layer::with_filter`] method. See the /// [documentation on per-layer filtering][plf] for details. /// /// [`Filter`]: crate::layer::Filter /// [plf]: crate::layer#per-layer-filtering #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "registry")))] #[derive(Clone)] pub struct Filtered { filter: F, layer: L, id: MagicPlfDowncastMarker, _s: PhantomData, } /// Uniquely identifies an individual [`Filter`] instance in the context of /// a [`Subscriber`]. /// /// When adding a [`Filtered`] [`Layer`] to a [`Subscriber`], the [`Subscriber`] /// generates a `FilterId` for that [`Filtered`] layer. The [`Filtered`] layer /// will then use the generated ID to query whether a particular span was /// previously enabled by that layer's [`Filter`]. /// /// **Note**: Currently, the [`Registry`] type provided by this crate is the /// **only** [`Subscriber`] implementation capable of participating in per-layer /// filtering. Therefore, the `FilterId` type cannot currently be constructed by /// code outside of `tracing-subscriber`. In the future, new APIs will be added to `tracing-subscriber` to /// allow non-Registry [`Subscriber`]s to also participate in per-layer /// filtering. When those APIs are added, subscribers will be responsible /// for generating and assigning `FilterId`s. /// /// [`Filter`]: crate::layer::Filter /// [`Subscriber`]: tracing_core::Subscriber /// [`Layer`]: crate::layer::Layer /// [`Registry`]: crate::registry::Registry #[cfg(feature = "registry")] #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "registry")))] #[derive(Copy, Clone)] pub struct FilterId(u64); /// A bitmap tracking which [`FilterId`]s have enabled a given span or /// event. /// /// This is currently a private type that's used exclusively by the /// [`Registry`]. However, in the future, this may become a public API, in order /// to allow user subscribers to host [`Filter`]s. /// /// [`Registry`]: crate::Registry /// [`Filter`]: crate::layer::Filter #[derive(Default, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)] pub(crate) struct FilterMap { bits: u64, } /// The current state of `enabled` calls to per-layer filters on this /// thread. /// /// When `Filtered::enabled` is called, the filter will set the bit /// corresponding to its ID if the filter will disable the event/span being /// filtered. When the event or span is recorded, the per-layer filter will /// check its bit to determine if it disabled that event or span, and skip /// forwarding the event or span to the inner layer if the bit is set. Once /// a span or event has been skipped by a per-layer filter, it unsets its /// bit, so that the `FilterMap` has been cleared for the next set of /// `enabled` calls. /// /// FilterState is also read by the `Registry`, for two reasons: /// /// 1. When filtering a span, the Registry must store the `FilterMap` /// generated by `Filtered::enabled` calls for that span as part of the /// span's per-span data. This allows `Filtered` layers to determine /// whether they had previously disabled a given span, and avoid showing it /// to the wrapped layer if it was disabled. /// /// This allows `Filtered` layers to also filter out the spans they /// disable from span traversals (such as iterating over parents, etc). /// 2. If all the bits are set, then every per-layer filter has decided it /// doesn't want to enable that span or event. In that case, the /// `Registry`'s `enabled` method will return `false`, so that /// recording a span or event can be skipped entirely. #[derive(Debug)] pub(crate) struct FilterState { enabled: Cell, // TODO(eliza): `Interest`s should _probably_ be `Copy`. The only reason // they're not is our Obsessive Commitment to Forwards-Compatibility. If // this changes in tracing-core`, we can make this a `Cell` rather than // `RefCell`... interest: RefCell>, #[cfg(debug_assertions)] counters: DebugCounters, } /// Extra counters added to `FilterState` used only to make debug assertions. #[cfg(debug_assertions)] #[derive(Debug, Default)] struct DebugCounters { /// How many per-layer filters have participated in the current `enabled` /// call? in_filter_pass: Cell, /// How many per-layer filters have participated in the current `register_callsite` /// call? in_interest_pass: Cell, } thread_local! { pub(crate) static FILTERING: FilterState = FilterState::new(); } // === impl Filter === #[cfg(feature = "registry")] #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "registry")))] impl layer::Filter for LevelFilter { fn enabled(&self, meta: &Metadata<'_>, _: &Context<'_, S>) -> bool { meta.level() <= self } fn callsite_enabled(&self, meta: &'static Metadata<'static>) -> Interest { if meta.level() <= self { Interest::always() } else { Interest::never() } } fn max_level_hint(&self) -> Option { Some(*self) } } impl layer::Filter for Arc + Send + Sync + 'static> { #[inline] fn enabled(&self, meta: &Metadata<'_>, cx: &Context<'_, S>) -> bool { (**self).enabled(meta, cx) } #[inline] fn callsite_enabled(&self, meta: &'static Metadata<'static>) -> Interest { (**self).callsite_enabled(meta) } #[inline] fn max_level_hint(&self) -> Option { (**self).max_level_hint() } } impl layer::Filter for Box + Send + Sync + 'static> { #[inline] fn enabled(&self, meta: &Metadata<'_>, cx: &Context<'_, S>) -> bool { (**self).enabled(meta, cx) } #[inline] fn callsite_enabled(&self, meta: &'static Metadata<'static>) -> Interest { (**self).callsite_enabled(meta) } #[inline] fn max_level_hint(&self) -> Option { (**self).max_level_hint() } } // === impl Filtered === impl Filtered { /// Wraps the provided [`Layer`] so that it is filtered by the given /// [`Filter`]. /// /// This is equivalent to calling the [`Layer::with_filter`] method. /// /// See the [documentation on per-layer filtering][plf] for details. /// /// [`Filter`]: crate::layer::Filter /// [plf]: crate::layer#per-layer-filtering pub fn new(layer: L, filter: F) -> Self { Self { layer, filter, id: MagicPlfDowncastMarker(FilterId::disabled()), _s: PhantomData, } } #[inline(always)] fn id(&self) -> FilterId { debug_assert!( !self.id.0.is_disabled(), "a `Filtered` layer was used, but it had no `FilterId`; \ was it registered with the subscriber?" ); self.id.0 } fn did_enable(&self, f: impl FnOnce()) { FILTERING.with(|filtering| filtering.did_enable(self.id(), f)) } } impl Layer for Filtered where S: Subscriber + for<'span> registry::LookupSpan<'span> + 'static, F: layer::Filter + 'static, L: Layer, { fn on_layer(&mut self, subscriber: &mut S) { self.id = MagicPlfDowncastMarker(subscriber.register_filter()); self.layer.on_layer(subscriber); } // TODO(eliza): can we figure out a nice way to make the `Filtered` layer // not call `is_enabled_for` in hooks that the inner layer doesn't actually // have real implementations of? probably not... // // it would be cool if there was some wild rust reflection way of checking // if a trait impl has the default impl of a trait method or not, but that's // almsot certainly impossible...right? fn register_callsite(&self, metadata: &'static Metadata<'static>) -> Interest { let interest = self.filter.callsite_enabled(metadata); // If the filter didn't disable the callsite, allow the inner layer to // register it — since `register_callsite` is also used for purposes // such as reserving/caching per-callsite data, we want the inner layer // to be able to perform any other registration steps. However, we'll // ignore its `Interest`. if !interest.is_never() { self.layer.register_callsite(metadata); } // Add our `Interest` to the current sum of per-layer filter `Interest`s // for this callsite. FILTERING.with(|filtering| filtering.add_interest(interest)); // don't short circuit! if the stack consists entirely of `Layer`s with // per-layer filters, the `Registry` will return the actual `Interest` // value that's the sum of all the `register_callsite` calls to those // per-layer filters. if we returned an actual `never` interest here, a // `Layered` layer would short-circuit and not allow any `Filtered` // layers below us if _they_ are interested in the callsite. Interest::always() } fn enabled(&self, metadata: &Metadata<'_>, cx: Context<'_, S>) -> bool { let cx = cx.with_filter(self.id()); let enabled = self.filter.enabled(metadata, &cx); FILTERING.with(|filtering| filtering.set(self.id(), enabled)); if enabled { // If the filter enabled this metadata, ask the wrapped layer if // _it_ wants it --- it might have a global filter. self.layer.enabled(metadata, cx) } else { // Otherwise, return `true`. The _per-layer_ filter disabled this // metadata, but returning `false` in `Layer::enabled` will // short-circuit and globally disable the span or event. This is // *not* what we want for per-layer filters, as other layers may // still want this event. Returning `true` here means we'll continue // asking the next layer in the stack. // // Once all per-layer filters have been evaluated, the `Registry` // at the root of the stack will return `false` from its `enabled` // method if *every* per-layer filter disabled this metadata. // Otherwise, the individual per-layer filters will skip the next // `new_span` or `on_event` call for their layer if *they* disabled // the span or event, but it was not globally disabled. true } } fn on_new_span(&self, attrs: &span::Attributes<'_>, id: &span::Id, cx: Context<'_, S>) { self.did_enable(|| { self.layer.on_new_span(attrs, id, cx.with_filter(self.id())); }) } #[doc(hidden)] fn max_level_hint(&self) -> Option { self.filter.max_level_hint() } fn on_record(&self, span: &span::Id, values: &span::Record<'_>, cx: Context<'_, S>) { if let Some(cx) = cx.if_enabled_for(span, self.id()) { self.layer.on_record(span, values, cx) } } fn on_follows_from(&self, span: &span::Id, follows: &span::Id, cx: Context<'_, S>) { // only call `on_follows_from` if both spans are enabled by us if cx.is_enabled_for(span, self.id()) && cx.is_enabled_for(follows, self.id()) { self.layer .on_follows_from(span, follows, cx.with_filter(self.id())) } } fn on_event(&self, event: &Event<'_>, cx: Context<'_, S>) { self.did_enable(|| { self.layer.on_event(event, cx.with_filter(self.id())); }) } fn on_enter(&self, id: &span::Id, cx: Context<'_, S>) { if let Some(cx) = cx.if_enabled_for(id, self.id()) { self.layer.on_enter(id, cx) } } fn on_exit(&self, id: &span::Id, cx: Context<'_, S>) { if let Some(cx) = cx.if_enabled_for(id, self.id()) { self.layer.on_exit(id, cx) } } fn on_close(&self, id: span::Id, cx: Context<'_, S>) { if let Some(cx) = cx.if_enabled_for(&id, self.id()) { self.layer.on_close(id, cx) } } // XXX(eliza): the existence of this method still makes me sad... fn on_id_change(&self, old: &span::Id, new: &span::Id, cx: Context<'_, S>) { if let Some(cx) = cx.if_enabled_for(old, self.id()) { self.layer.on_id_change(old, new, cx) } } #[doc(hidden)] #[inline] unsafe fn downcast_raw(&self, id: TypeId) -> Option<*const ()> { match id { id if id == TypeId::of::() => Some(self as *const _ as *const ()), id if id == TypeId::of::() => Some(&self.layer as *const _ as *const ()), id if id == TypeId::of::() => Some(&self.filter as *const _ as *const ()), id if id == TypeId::of::() => { Some(&self.id as *const _ as *const ()) } _ => self.layer.downcast_raw(id), } } } impl fmt::Debug for Filtered where F: fmt::Debug, L: fmt::Debug, { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { f.debug_struct("Filtered") .field("filter", &self.filter) .field("layer", &self.layer) .field("id", &self.id) .finish() } } // === impl FilterId === impl FilterId { const fn disabled() -> Self { Self(std::u64::MAX) } /// Returns a `FilterId` that will consider _all_ spans enabled. pub(crate) const fn none() -> Self { Self(0) } pub(crate) fn new(id: u8) -> Self { assert!(id < 64, "filter IDs may not be greater than 64"); Self(1 << id as usize) } /// Combines two `FilterId`s, returning a new `FilterId` that will match a /// [`FilterMap`] where the span was disabled by _either_ this `FilterId` /// *or* the combined `FilterId`. /// /// This method is called by [`Context`]s when adding the `FilterId` of a /// [`Filtered`] layer to the context. /// /// This is necessary for cases where we have a tree of nested [`Filtered`] /// layers, like this: /// /// ```text /// Filtered { /// filter1, /// Layered { /// layer1, /// Filtered { /// filter2, /// layer2, /// }, /// } /// ``` /// /// We want `layer2` to be affected by both `filter1` _and_ `filter2`. /// Without combining `FilterId`s, this works fine when filtering /// `on_event`/`new_span`, because the outer `Filtered` layer (`filter1`) /// won't call the inner layer's `on_event` or `new_span` callbacks if it /// disabled the event/span. /// /// However, it _doesn't_ work when filtering span lookups and traversals /// (e.g. `scope`). This is because the [`Context`] passed to `layer2` /// would set its filter ID to the filter ID of `filter2`, and would skip /// spans that were disabled by `filter2`. However, what if a span was /// disabled by `filter1`? We wouldn't see it in `new_span`, but we _would_ /// see it in lookups and traversals...which we don't want. /// /// When a [`Filtered`] layer adds its ID to a [`Context`], it _combines_ it /// with any previous filter ID that the context had, rather than replacing /// it. That way, `layer2`'s context will check if a span was disabled by /// `filter1` _or_ `filter2`. The way we do this, instead of representing /// `FilterId`s as a number number that we shift a 1 over by to get a mask, /// we just store the actual mask,so we can combine them with a bitwise-OR. /// /// For example, if we consider the following case (pretending that the /// masks are 8 bits instead of 64 just so i don't have to write out a bunch /// of extra zeroes): /// /// - `filter1` has the filter id 1 (`0b0000_0001`) /// - `filter2` has the filter id 2 (`0b0000_0010`) /// /// A span that gets disabled by filter 1 would have the [`FilterMap`] with /// bits `0b0000_0001`. /// /// If the `FilterId` was internally represented as `(bits to shift + 1), /// when `layer2`'s [`Context`] checked if it enabled the span, it would /// make the mask `0b0000_0010` (`1 << 1`). That bit would not be set in the /// [`FilterMap`], so it would see that it _didn't_ disable the span. Which /// is *true*, it just doesn't reflect the tree-like shape of the actual /// subscriber. /// /// By having the IDs be masks instead of shifts, though, when the /// [`Filtered`] with `filter2` gets the [`Context`] with `filter1`'s filter ID, /// instead of replacing it, it ors them together: /// /// ```ignore /// 0b0000_0001 | 0b0000_0010 == 0b0000_0011; /// ``` /// /// We then test if the span was disabled by seeing if _any_ bits in the /// mask are `1`: /// /// ```ignore /// filtermap & mask != 0; /// 0b0000_0001 & 0b0000_0011 != 0; /// 0b0000_0001 != 0; /// true; /// ``` /// /// [`Context`]: crate::layer::Context pub(crate) fn and(self, FilterId(other): Self) -> Self { // If this mask is disabled, just return the other --- otherwise, we // would always see that every span is disabled. if self.0 == Self::disabled().0 { return Self(other); } Self(self.0 | other) } fn is_disabled(self) -> bool { self.0 == Self::disabled().0 } } impl fmt::Debug for FilterId { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { // don't print a giant set of the numbers 0..63 if the filter ID is disabled. if self.0 == Self::disabled().0 { return f .debug_tuple("FilterId") .field(&format_args!("DISABLED")) .finish(); } if f.alternate() { f.debug_struct("FilterId") .field("ids", &format_args!("{:?}", FmtBitset(self.0))) .field("bits", &format_args!("{:b}", self.0)) .finish() } else { f.debug_tuple("FilterId").field(&FmtBitset(self.0)).finish() } } } impl fmt::Binary for FilterId { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { f.debug_tuple("FilterId") .field(&format_args!("{:b}", self.0)) .finish() } } // === impl FilterMap === impl FilterMap { pub(crate) fn set(self, FilterId(mask): FilterId, enabled: bool) -> Self { if mask == std::u64::MAX { return self; } if enabled { Self { bits: self.bits & (!mask), } } else { Self { bits: self.bits | mask, } } } #[inline] pub(crate) fn is_enabled(self, FilterId(mask): FilterId) -> bool { self.bits & mask == 0 } #[inline] pub(crate) fn any_enabled(self) -> bool { self.bits != std::u64::MAX } } impl fmt::Debug for FilterMap { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { let alt = f.alternate(); let mut s = f.debug_struct("FilterMap"); s.field("disabled_by", &format_args!("{:?}", &FmtBitset(self.bits))); if alt { s.field("bits", &format_args!("{:b}", self.bits)); } s.finish() } } impl fmt::Binary for FilterMap { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { f.debug_struct("FilterMap") .field("bits", &format_args!("{:b}", self.bits)) .finish() } } // === impl FilterState === impl FilterState { fn new() -> Self { Self { enabled: Cell::new(FilterMap::default()), interest: RefCell::new(None), #[cfg(debug_assertions)] counters: DebugCounters::default(), } } fn set(&self, filter: FilterId, enabled: bool) { #[cfg(debug_assertions)] { let in_current_pass = self.counters.in_filter_pass.get(); if in_current_pass == 0 { debug_assert_eq!(self.enabled.get(), FilterMap::default()); } self.counters.in_filter_pass.set(in_current_pass + 1); debug_assert_eq!( self.counters.in_interest_pass.get(), 0, "if we are in or starting a filter pass, we must not be in an interest pass." ) } self.enabled.set(self.enabled.get().set(filter, enabled)) } fn add_interest(&self, interest: Interest) { let mut curr_interest = self.interest.borrow_mut(); #[cfg(debug_assertions)] { let in_current_pass = self.counters.in_interest_pass.get(); if in_current_pass == 0 { debug_assert!(curr_interest.is_none()); } self.counters.in_interest_pass.set(in_current_pass + 1); } if let Some(curr_interest) = curr_interest.as_mut() { if (curr_interest.is_always() && !interest.is_always()) || (curr_interest.is_never() && !interest.is_never()) { *curr_interest = Interest::sometimes(); } // If the two interests are the same, do nothing. If the current // interest is `sometimes`, stay sometimes. } else { *curr_interest = Some(interest); } } pub(crate) fn event_enabled() -> bool { FILTERING .try_with(|this| { let enabled = this.enabled.get().any_enabled(); #[cfg(debug_assertions)] { if this.counters.in_filter_pass.get() == 0 { debug_assert_eq!(this.enabled.get(), FilterMap::default()); } // Nothing enabled this event, we won't tick back down the // counter in `did_enable`. Reset it. if !enabled { this.counters.in_filter_pass.set(0); } } enabled }) .unwrap_or(true) } /// Executes a closure if the filter with the provided ID did not disable /// the current span/event. /// /// This is used to implement the `on_event` and `new_span` methods for /// `Filtered`. fn did_enable(&self, filter: FilterId, f: impl FnOnce()) { let map = self.enabled.get(); if map.is_enabled(filter) { // If the filter didn't disable the current span/event, run the // callback. f(); } else { // Otherwise, if this filter _did_ disable the span or event // currently being processed, clear its bit from this thread's // `FilterState`. The bit has already been "consumed" by skipping // this callback, and we need to ensure that the `FilterMap` for // this thread is reset when the *next* `enabled` call occurs. self.enabled.set(map.set(filter, true)); } #[cfg(debug_assertions)] { let in_current_pass = self.counters.in_filter_pass.get(); if in_current_pass <= 1 { debug_assert_eq!(self.enabled.get(), FilterMap::default()); } self.counters .in_filter_pass .set(in_current_pass.saturating_sub(1)); debug_assert_eq!( self.counters.in_interest_pass.get(), 0, "if we are in a filter pass, we must not be in an interest pass." ) } } /// Clears the current in-progress filter state. /// /// This resets the [`FilterMap`] and current [`Interest`] as well as /// clearing the debug counters. pub(crate) fn clear_enabled() { // Drop the `Result` returned by `try_with` --- if we are in the middle // a panic and the thread-local has been torn down, that's fine, just // ignore it ratehr than panicking. let _ = FILTERING.try_with(|filtering| { filtering.enabled.set(FilterMap::default()); #[cfg(debug_assertions)] filtering.counters.in_filter_pass.set(0); }); } pub(crate) fn take_interest() -> Option { FILTERING .try_with(|filtering| { #[cfg(debug_assertions)] { if filtering.counters.in_interest_pass.get() == 0 { debug_assert!(filtering.interest.try_borrow().ok()?.is_none()); } filtering.counters.in_interest_pass.set(0); } filtering.interest.try_borrow_mut().ok()?.take() }) .ok()? } pub(crate) fn filter_map(&self) -> FilterMap { let map = self.enabled.get(); #[cfg(debug_assertions)] { if self.counters.in_filter_pass.get() == 0 { debug_assert_eq!(map, FilterMap::default()); } } map } } /// This is a horrible and bad abuse of the downcasting system to expose /// *internally* whether a layer has per-layer filtering, within /// `tracing-subscriber`, without exposing a public API for it. /// /// If a `Layer` has per-layer filtering, it will downcast to a /// `MagicPlfDowncastMarker`. Since layers which contain other layers permit /// downcasting to recurse to their children, this will do the Right Thing with /// layers like Reload, Option, etc. /// /// Why is this a wrapper around the `FilterId`, you may ask? Because /// downcasting works by returning a pointer, and we don't want to risk /// introducing UB by constructing pointers that _don't_ point to a valid /// instance of the type they claim to be. In this case, we don't _intend_ for /// this pointer to be dereferenced, so it would actually be fine to return one /// that isn't a valid pointer...but we can't guarantee that the caller won't /// (accidentally) dereference it, so it's better to be safe than sorry. We /// could, alternatively, add an additional field to the type that's used only /// for returning pointers to as as part of the evil downcasting hack, but I /// thought it was nicer to just add a `repr(transparent)` wrapper to the /// existing `FilterId` field, since it won't make the struct any bigger. /// /// Don't worry, this isn't on the test. :) #[derive(Clone, Copy)] #[repr(transparent)] struct MagicPlfDowncastMarker(FilterId); impl fmt::Debug for MagicPlfDowncastMarker { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { // Just pretend that `MagicPlfDowncastMarker` doesn't exist for // `fmt::Debug` purposes...if no one *sees* it in their `Debug` output, // they don't have to know I thought this code would be a good idea. fmt::Debug::fmt(&self.0, f) } } pub(crate) fn is_plf_downcast_marker(type_id: TypeId) -> bool { type_id == TypeId::of::() } /// Does a type implementing `Subscriber` contain any per-layer filters? pub(crate) fn subscriber_has_plf(subscriber: &S) -> bool where S: Subscriber, { (subscriber as &dyn Subscriber).is::() } /// Does a type implementing `Layer` contain any per-layer filters? pub(crate) fn layer_has_plf(layer: &L) -> bool where L: Layer, S: Subscriber, { unsafe { // Safety: we're not actually *doing* anything with this pointer --- we // only care about the `Option`, which we're turning into a `bool`. So // even if the layer decides to be evil and give us some kind of invalid // pointer, we don't ever dereference it, so this is always safe. layer.downcast_raw(TypeId::of::()) } .is_some() } struct FmtBitset(u64); impl fmt::Debug for FmtBitset { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { let mut set = f.debug_set(); for bit in 0..64 { // if the `bit`-th bit is set, add it to the debug set if self.0 & (1 << bit) != 0 { set.entry(&bit); } } set.finish() } }