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diff --git a/third_party/heimdal/doc/win2k.texi b/third_party/heimdal/doc/win2k.texi new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d4ab2fe --- /dev/null +++ b/third_party/heimdal/doc/win2k.texi @@ -0,0 +1,314 @@ +@c $Id$ + + +@node Windows compatibility, Programming with Kerberos, Things in search for a better place, Top +@comment node-name, next, previous, up +@chapter Windows compatibility + +Microsoft Windows, starting from version 2000 (formerly known as Windows NT 5), implements Kerberos 5. Their implementation, however, has some quirks, +peculiarities, and bugs. This chapter is a short summary of the compatibility +issues between Heimdal and various Windows versions. + +The big problem with the Kerberos implementation in Windows +is that the available documentation is more focused on getting +things to work rather than how they work, and not that useful in figuring +out how things really work. It's of course subject to change all the time and +mostly consists of our not so inspired guesses. Hopefully it's still +somewhat useful. + +@menu +* Configuring Windows to use a Heimdal KDC:: +* Inter-Realm keys (trust) between Windows and a Heimdal KDC:: +* Create account mappings:: +* Encryption types:: +* Authorisation data:: +* Quirks of Windows 2000 KDC:: +* Useful links when reading about the Windows:: +@end menu + +@node Configuring Windows to use a Heimdal KDC, Inter-Realm keys (trust) between Windows and a Heimdal KDC, Windows compatibility, Windows compatibility +@comment node-name, next, precious, up +@section Configuring Windows to use a Heimdal KDC + +You need the command line program called @command{ksetup.exe}. This program comes with the Windows Support Tools, available from either the installation CD-ROM (@file{SUPPORT/TOOLS/SUPPORT.CAB}), or from Microsoft web site. Starting from Windows 2008, it is already installed. This program is used to configure the Kerberos settings on a Workstation. + +@command{Ksetup} store the domain information under the registry key: +@code{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\LSA\Kerberos\Domains}. + +Use the @command{kadmin} program in Heimdal to create a host principal in the +Kerberos realm. + +@example +unix% kadmin +kadmin> ank --password=password host/datan.example.com +@end example + +The name @samp{datan.example.com} should be replaced with DNS name of +the workstation. + +You must configure the workstation as a member of a workgroup, as opposed +to a member in an NT domain, and specify the KDC server of the realm +as follows: +@example +C:> ksetup /setdomain EXAMPLE.COM +C:> ksetup /addkdc EXAMPLE.COM kdc.example.com +@end example + +Set the machine password, i.e.@: create the local keytab: +@example +C:> ksetup /SetComputerPassword password +@end example + +The password used in @kbd{ksetup /setmachpassword} must be the same +as the password used in the @kbd{kadmin ank} command. + +The workstation must now be rebooted. + +A mapping between local NT users and Kerberos principals must be specified. +You have two choices. First: + +@example +C:> ksetup /mapuser user@@MY.REALM nt_user +@end example + +This will map a user to a specific principal; this allows you to have +other usernames in the realm than in your NT user database. (Don't ask +me why on earth you would want that@enddots{}) + +You can also say: +@example +C:> ksetup /mapuser * * +@end example +The Windows machine will now map any user to the corresponding principal, +for example @samp{nisse} to the principal @samp{nisse@@MY.REALM}. +(This is most likely what you want.) + +@node Inter-Realm keys (trust) between Windows and a Heimdal KDC, Create account mappings, Configuring Windows to use a Heimdal KDC, Windows compatibility +@comment node-name, next, precious, up +@section Inter-Realm keys (trust) between Windows and a Heimdal KDC + +See also the Step-by-Step guide from Microsoft, referenced below. + +Install Windows, and create a new controller (Active Directory +Server) for the domain. + +By default the trust will be non-transitive. This means that only users +directly from the trusted domain may authenticate. This can be changed +to transitive by using the @command{netdom.exe} tool. @command{netdom.exe} +can also be used to add the trust between two realms. + +You need to tell Windows on what hosts to find the KDCs for the +non-Windows realm with @command{ksetup}, see @xref{Configuring Windows +to use a Heimdal KDC}. + +This needs to be done on all computers that want enable cross-realm +login with @code{Mapped Names}. @c XXX probably shouldn't be @code + +Then you need to add the inter-realm keys on the Windows KDC@. Start the +Domain Tree Management tool (found in Programs, Administrative tools, +Active Directory Domains and Trusts). + +Right click on Properties of your domain, select the Trust tab. Press +Add on the appropriate trust windows and enter domain name and +password. When prompted if this is a non-Windows Kerberos realm, press +OK. + +Do not forget to add trusts in both directions (if that's what you want). + +If you want to use @command{netdom.exe} instead of the Domain Tree +Management tool, you do it like this: + +@example +netdom trust NT.REALM.EXAMPLE.COM /Domain:EXAMPLE.COM /add /realm /passwordt:TrustPassword +@end example + +You also need to add the inter-realm keys to the Heimdal KDC. But take +care to the encryption types and salting used for those keys. There should be +no encryption type stronger than the one configured on Windows side for this +relationship, itself limited to the ones supported by this specific version of +Windows. Otherwise, the trust will not works. + +Here are the version-specific needed information: +@enumerate +@item Windows 2000: maximum encryption type is DES +@item Windows 2003: maximum encryption type is DES +@item Windows 2003RC2: maximum encryption type is RC4, relationship defaults to DES +@item Windows 2008: maximum encryption type is AES, relationship defaults to RC4 +@end enumerate + +For Windows 2003RC2, to change the trust encryption type, you have to use the +@command{ktpass}, from the Windows 2003 Resource kit *service pack2*, available +from Microsoft web site. + +@example +C:> ktpass /MITRealmName UNIX.EXAMPLE.COM /TrustEncryp RC4 +@end example + +For Windows 2008, the same operation can be done with the @command{ksetup}, installed by default. + +@example +C:> ksetup /SetEncTypeAttre EXAMPLE.COM AES256-SHA1 +@end example + +Once the relationship is correctly configured, you can add the required +inter-realm keys, using heimdal default encryption types: + +@example +kadmin add krbtgt/NT.REALM.EXAMPLE.COM@@EXAMPLE.COM +kadmin add krbtgt/REALM.EXAMPLE.COM@@NT.EXAMPLE.COM +@end example + +Use the same passwords for both keys. + +And if needed, to remove unsupported encryptions, such as the following ones for a Windows 2003RC2 server. + +@example +kadmin del_enctype krbtgt/REALM.EXAMPLE.COM@@NT.EXAMPLE.COM aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 +kadmin del_enctype krbtgt/REALM.EXAMPLE.COM@@NT.EXAMPLE.COM des3-cbc-sha1 +kadmin del_enctype krbtgt/NT.EXAMPLE.COM@@EXAMPLE.COM aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 +kadmin del_enctype krbtgt/NT.EXAMPLE.COM@@EXAMPLE.COM des3-cbc-sha1 +@end example + +Do not forget to reboot before trying the new realm-trust (after +running @command{ksetup}). It looks like it might work, but packets are +never sent to the non-Windows KDC. + +@node Create account mappings, Encryption types, Inter-Realm keys (trust) between Windows and a Heimdal KDC, Windows compatibility +@comment node-name, next, precious, up +@section Create account mappings + +Start the @code{Active Directory Users and Computers} tool. Select the +View menu, that is in the left corner just below the real menu (or press +Alt-V), and select Advanced Features. Right click on the user that you +are going to do a name mapping for and choose Name mapping. + +Click on the Kerberos Names tab and add a new principal from the +non-Windows domain. + +@c XXX check entry name then I have network again +This adds @samp{authorizationNames} entry to the users LDAP entry to +the Active Directory LDAP catalog. When you create users by script you +can add this entry instead. + +@node Encryption types, Authorisation data, Create account mappings, Windows compatibility +@comment node-name, next, previous, up +@section Encryption types + +Windows 2000 supports both the standard DES encryptions (@samp{des-cbc-crc} and +@samp{des-cbc-md5}) and its own proprietary encryption that is based on MD4 and +RC4 that is documented in and is supposed to be described in +@file{draft-brezak-win2k-krb-rc4-hmac-03.txt}. New users will get both +MD4 and DES keys. Users that are converted from a NT4 database, will +only have MD4 passwords and will need a password change to get a DES +key. + +@node Authorisation data, Quirks of Windows 2000 KDC, Encryption types, Windows compatibility +@comment node-name, next, previous, up +@section Authorisation data + +The Windows 2000 KDC also adds extra authorisation data in tickets. +It is at this point unclear what triggers it to do this. The format of +this data is only available under a ``secret'' license from Microsoft, +which prohibits you implementing it. + +A simple way of getting hold of the data to be able to understand it +better is described here. + +@enumerate +@item Find the client example on using the SSPI in the SDK documentation. +@item Change ``AuthSamp'' in the source code to lowercase. +@item Build the program. +@item Add the ``authsamp'' principal with a known password to the +database. Make sure it has a DES key. +@item Run @kbd{ktutil add} to add the key for that principal to a +keytab. +@item Run @kbd{appl/test/nt_gss_server -p 2000 -s authsamp +@kbd{--dump-auth}=@var{file}} where @var{file} is an appropriate file. +@item It should authenticate and dump for you the authorisation data in +the file. +@item The tool @kbd{lib/asn1/asn1_print} is somewhat useful for +analysing the data. +@end enumerate + +@node Quirks of Windows 2000 KDC, Useful links when reading about the Windows, Authorisation data, Windows compatibility +@comment node-name, next, previous, up +@section Quirks of Windows 2000 KDC + +There are some issues with salts and Windows 2000. Using an empty salt does +not work, as far as we can tell from out experiments and users' reports. +Therefore, you have to make sure you keep around keys with all the different +types of salts that are required. Microsoft have fixed this issue post Windows +2003. + +Microsoft seems also to have forgotten to implement the checksum +algorithms @samp{rsa-md4-des} and @samp{rsa-md5-des}. This can make Name +mapping (@pxref{Create account mappings}) fail if a @samp{des-cbc-md5} key +is used. To make the KDC return only @samp{des-cbc-crc} you must delete +the @samp{des-cbc-md5} key from the kdc using the @kbd{kadmin +del_enctype} command. + +@example +kadmin del_enctype lha des-cbc-md5 +@end example + +You should also add the following entries to the @file{krb5.conf} file: + +@example +[libdefaults] + default_etypes = des-cbc-crc + default_etypes_des = des-cbc-crc +@end example + +These configuration options will make sure that no checksums of the +unsupported types are generated. + +@node Useful links when reading about the Windows, , Quirks of Windows 2000 KDC, Windows compatibility +@comment node-name, next, previous, up +@section Useful links when reading about the Windows + +See also our paper presented at the 2001 Usenix Annual Technical +Conference, available in the proceedings or at +@uref{http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/usenix01/freenix01/westerlund.html}. + +There are lots of texts about Kerberos on Microsoft's web site, here is a +short list of the interesting documents that we have managed to find. + +@itemize @bullet + +@item Step-by-Step Guide to Kerberos 5 (krb5 1.0) Interoperability: +@uref{http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/windows2000serv/howto/kerbstep.mspx}. +Kerberos GSS-API (in Windows-eze SSPI), Windows as a client in a +non-Windows KDC realm, adding unix clients to a Windows 2000 KDC, and +adding cross-realm trust (@pxref{Inter-Realm keys (trust) between Windows +and a Heimdal KDC}). + +@item Windows 2000 Kerberos Authentication: +@uref{www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/windows2000serv/deploy/confeat/kerberos.mspx}. +White paper that describes how Kerberos is used in Windows 2000. + +@item Overview of Kerberos: +@uref{http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q248/7/58.ASP}. +Links to useful other links. + +@c @item Klist for Windows: +@c @uref{http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/periodic/period00/security0500.htm}. +@c Describes where to get a klist for Windows 2000. + +@item Event logging for Kerberos: +@uref{http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q262/1/77.ASP}. +Basically it say that you can add a registry key +@code{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\Kerberos\Parameters\LogLevel} +with value DWORD equal to 1, and then you'll get logging in the Event +Logger. + +@c @item Access to the Active Directory through LDAP: +@c @uref{http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/techart/kerberossamp.htm} + +@end itemize + +Other useful programs include these: + +@itemize @bullet +@item pwdump2 +@uref{http://www.bindview.com/Support/RAZOR/Utilities/Windows/pwdump2_readme.cfm} +@end itemize |