Adding upstream version 1:4.13+dfsg1.upstream/1%4.13+dfsg1

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

11 files changed, 1549 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/man/fr/man5/faillog.5 b/man/fr/man5/faillog.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81548d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man5/faillog.5
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: faillog
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual:  File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "FAILLOG" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuratio"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+faillog \- journal des \('echecs de connexion
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+/var/log/faillog
+maintains a count of login failures and the limits for each account\&.
+.PP
+Le fichier contient un nombre constant d\*(Aqenregistrements, tri\('es par identifiant d\*(Aqutilisateur num\('erique\&. Chaque enregistrement contient le nombre d\*(Aq\('echecs de connexion depuis la derni\(`ere connexion r\('eussie, le nombre maximum d\*(Aq\('echecs de connexion avant d\('esactivation du compte, la ligne sur laquelle a eu lieu le dernier \('echec de connexion, la date du dernier \('echec de connexion et la dur\('ee (en seconde) pendant laquelle le compte sera verrouill\('e apr\(`es un \('echec\&.
+.PP
+La structure du fichier est la suivante\ \&:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+struct	faillog {
+	short   fail_cnt;
+	short   fail_max;
+	char    fail_line[12];
+	time_t  fail_time;
+	long    fail_locktime;
+};
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/var/log/faillog
+.RS 4
+Journal des \('echecs de connexion\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR(8)
diff --git a/man/fr/man5/gshadow.5 b/man/fr/man5/gshadow.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a39493
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man5/gshadow.5
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: gshadow
+.\"    Author: Nicolas Fran\(,cois <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "GSHADOW" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+gshadow \- informations cach\('ees sur les groupes
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+contains the shadowed information for group accounts\&.
+.PP
+Ce fichier ne doit pas \(^etre accessible en lecture par les utilisateurs normaux afin de maintenir la s\('ecurit\('e des mots de passe, en particuliers pour pr\('evenir les attaques par dictionnaires\&.
+.PP
+Chaque ligne de ce fichier contient les champs suivants, s\('epar\('es par des deux\-points (\(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc)\ \&:
+.PP
+\fBnom du groupe\fR
+.RS 4
+Ce doit \(^etre un nom de groupe valable, qui existe sur le syst\(`eme\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBmot de passe chiffr\('e\fR
+.RS 4
+Refer to
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)
+for details on how this string is interpreted\&.
+.sp
+If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, users will not be able to use a unix password to access the group (but group members do not need the password)\&.
+.sp
+The password is used when a user who is not a member of the group wants to gain the permissions of this group (see
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1))\&.
+.sp
+Ce champ peut \(^etre vide\&. Dans ce cas seuls les membres du groupe peuvent obtenir les permissions du groupe\&.
+.sp
+Un champ de mot de passe qui commence avec un point d\*(Aqexclamation indique que le mot de passe est bloqu\('e\&. Les caract\(`eres restants sur la ligne repr\('esentent le champ de mot de passe avant que le mot de passe n\*(Aqait \('et\('e bloqu\('e\&.
+.sp
+This password supersedes any password specified in
+/etc/group\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBadministrateurs\fR
+.RS 4
+Ce champ doit \(^etre une liste d\*(Aqutilisateurs, s\('epar\('es par des virgules\&.
+.sp
+Les administrateurs peuvent modifier le mot de passe ou les membres du groupe\&.
+.sp
+Les administrateurs peuvent aussi avoir les m\(^emes permissions que les membres (voir ci\-dessous)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBmembres\fR
+.RS 4
+Ce champ doit \(^etre une liste d\*(Aqutilisateurs, s\('epar\('es par des virgules\&.
+.sp
+Les membres peuvent acc\('eder au groupe sans qu\*(Aqun mot de passe ne leur soit demand\('e\&.
+.sp
+You should use the same list of users as in
+/etc/group\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBgpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBgrpconv\fR(8),
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man5/limits.5 b/man/fr/man5/limits.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45ad0fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man5/limits.5
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: limits
+.\"    Author: Luca Berra
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "LIMITS" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+limits \- d\('efinition des limites de ressources
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fIlimits\fR
+file (/etc/limits
+by default or LIMITS_FILE defined
+config\&.h) describes the resource limits you wish to impose\&. It should be owned by root and readable by root account only\&.
+.PP
+Par d\('efaut, aucun quota (aucune limite) n\*(Aqest impos\('e \(`a \(Fo\ \&root\ \&\(Fc\&. En fait, il n\*(Aqest pas possible d\*(Aqimposer de cette fa\(,con de limite aux comptes root ou \('equivalents (comptes ayant un UID de 0)\&.
+.PP
+Chaque ligne d\('ecrit une limite pour un utilisateur, elle est de la forme suivante\ \&:
+.PP
+\fIutilisateur LISTE_DE_LIMITES\fR
+.PP
+ou sous la forme\ \&:
+.PP
+\fI@groupe LISTE_DE_LIMITES\fR
+.PP
+The
+\fILIMITS_STRING\fR
+is a string of a concatenated list of resource limits\&. Each limit consists of a letter identifier followed by a numerical limit\&.
+.PP
+Les identifiants possibles sont\ \&:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+A\ \&: espace d\*(Aqadressage maximal (en kilo octets)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+C\ \&: taille maximale d\*(Aqun fichier image de la m\('emoire (\(Fo\ \&core\ \&\(Fc, en kilo octets)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+D\ \&: taille maximale du segment de donn\('ees d\*(Aqun programme (en kilo octets)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+F\ \&: taille maximale des fichiers (en kilo octets)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+K: file creation mask, set by
+\fBumask\fR(2)\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+I\ \&: valeur nice maximum (0\&.\&.39 qui sera traduit en 20\&.\&.\-19)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+L\ \&: nombre maximal de connexions simultan\('ees pour cet utilisateur
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+M\ \&: taille maximale de m\('emoire verrouill\('ee (\(Fo\ \&locked\-in\-memory\ \&\(Fc, en kilo octets)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+N\ \&: nombre maximal de fichiers ouverts
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+O\ \&: priorit\('e temps r\('eel maximale
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+P: process priority, set by
+\fBsetpriority\fR(2)\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+R\ \&: taille maximale de la m\('emoire r\('esidente (\(Fo\ \&resident set size\ \&\(Fc, en kilo octets)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+S\ \&: taille maximale de la pile (en kilo octets)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+T\ \&: temps processeur maximal consomm\('e (en minutes)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+U\ \&: nombre maximal de processus
+.RE
+.PP
+For example,
+\fIL2D2048N5\fR
+is a valid
+\fILIMITS_STRING\fR\&. For reading convenience, the following entries are equivalent:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      username L2D2048N5
+      username L2 D2048 N5
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+Be aware that after
+\fIusername\fR
+the rest of the line is considered a limit string, thus comments are not allowed\&. An invalid limits string will be rejected (not considered) by the
+\fBlogin\fR
+program\&.
+.PP
+The default entry is denoted by username "\fI*\fR"\&. If you have multiple
+\fIdefault\fR
+entries in your
+\fILIMITS_FILE\fR, then the last one will be used as the default entry\&.
+.PP
+The limits specified in the form "\fI@group\fR" apply to the members of the specified
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.PP
+Si plusieurs lignes avec des limites pour un utilisateur existent, seule la premi\(`ere ligne pour cet utilisateur sera prise en compte\&.
+.PP
+If no lines are specified for a user, the last
+\fI@group\fR
+line matching a group whose the user is a member of will be considered, or the last line with default limits if no groups contain the user\&.
+.PP
+To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash "\fI\-\fR" will do\&.
+.PP
+To disable a limit for a user, a single dash "\fI\-\fR" can be used instead of the numerical value for this limit\&.
+.PP
+Notez \('egalement que les limites ne sont configur\('ees que PAR CONNEXION\&. Il n\*(Aqy a pas de limite globale ou permanente\&. Des limites globales pourraient voir le jour, mais pour l\*(Aqinstant, il faut faire sans\&.
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/limits
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBsetpriority\fR(2),
+\fBsetrlimit\fR(2)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man5/login.access.5 b/man/fr/man5/login.access.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42ee60b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man5/login.access.5
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: login.access
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "LOGIN\&.ACCESS" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+login.access \- table de contr\(^ole des connexions
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fIlogin\&.access\fR
+file specifies (user, host) combinations and/or (user, tty) combinations for which a login will be either accepted or refused\&.
+.PP
+When someone logs in, the
+\fIlogin\&.access\fR
+is scanned for the first entry that matches the (user, host) combination, or, in case of non\-networked logins, the first entry that matches the (user, tty) combination\&. The permissions field of that table entry determines whether the login will be accepted or refused\&.
+.PP
+Chaque ligne de la table de contr\(^ole des connexions (\(Fo\ \&login access control table\ \&\(Fc) est compos\('ee de trois champs s\('epar\('es par le caract\(`ere \(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc\ \&:
+.PP
+\fIpermission\fR:\fIusers\fR:\fIorigins\fR
+.PP
+The first field should be a "\fI+\fR" (access granted) or "\fI\-\fR" (access denied) character\&. The second field should be a list of one or more login names, group names, or
+\fIALL\fR
+(always matches)\&. The third field should be a list of one or more tty names (for non\-networked logins), host names, domain names (begin with "\&."), host addresses, internet network numbers (end with "\&."),
+\fIALL\fR
+(always matches) or
+\fILOCAL\fR
+(matches any string that does not contain a "\&." character)\&. If you run NIS you can use @netgroupname in host or user patterns\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fIEXCEPT\fR
+operator makes it possible to write very compact rules\&.
+.PP
+Le fichier d\*(Aqinformations sur les groupes (/etc/group) n\*(Aqest utilis\('e que lorsqu\*(Aqun nom ne correspond \(`a aucun des utilisateurs connect\('es\&. Seuls les groupes pour lesquels la liste des utilisateurs est sp\('ecifi\('ee sont utilis\('es\ \&: le programme ne recherche pas parmi les groupes primaires des utilisateurs\&.
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man5/login.defs.5 b/man/fr/man5/login.defs.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b2424a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man5/login.defs.5
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: login.defs
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "LOGIN\&.DEFS" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+login.defs \- configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+/etc/login\&.defs
+file defines the site\-specific configuration for the shadow password suite\&. This file is required\&. Absence of this file will not prevent system operation, but will probably result in undesirable operation\&.
+.PP
+Ce fichier est un fichier texte, dont chaque ligne d\('ecrit un param\(`etre de configuration\&. Les lignes consistent en un nom et une valeur, s\('epar\('es par une espace\&. Les lignes blanches et les lignes de commentaires sont ignor\('ees\&. Les commentaires commencent par un caract\(`ere \(Fo\ \&#\ \&\(Fc, qui doit \(^etre le premier caract\(`ere non blanc de la ligne\&.
+.PP
+Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and long numbers\&. A string is comprised of any printable characters\&. A boolean should be either the value
+\fIyes\fR
+or
+\fIno\fR\&. An undefined boolean parameter or one with a value other than these will be given a
+\fIno\fR
+value\&. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal values, octal values (precede the value with
+\fI0\fR) or hexadecimal values (precede the value with
+\fI0x\fR)\&. The maximum value of the regular and long numeric parameters is machine\-dependent\&.
+.PP
+Les param\(`etres de configuration suivants sont fournis\ \&:
+.PP
+\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR,
+\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR
+and
+\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR
+are only used at the time of account creation\&. Any changes to these settings won\*(Aqt affect existing accounts\&.
+.SH "R\('EF\('ERENCES CROIS\('EES"
+.PP
+Les r\('ef\('erences crois\('ees ci\-dessous montrent quels sont les param\(`etres utilis\('es par les diff\('erents programmes de la suite shadow password\&.
+.PP
+chfn
+.RS 4
+CHFN_AUTH
+CHFN_RESTRICT
+LOGIN_STRING
+.RE
+.PP
+chgpasswd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+chpasswd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+chsh
+.RS 4
+CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING
+.RE
+.PP
+gpasswd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+groupadd
+.RS 4
+GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN
+.RE
+.PP
+groupdel
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+groupmems
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+groupmod
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+grpck
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+grpconv
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+grpunconv
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+lastlog
+.RS 4
+LASTLOG_UID_MAX
+.RE
+.PP
+login
+.RS 4
+CONSOLE
+CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME
+ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ ENVIRON_FILE
+ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY
+FAILLOG_ENAB
+FAKE_SHELL
+FTMP_FILE
+HUSHLOGIN_FILE
+ISSUE_FILE
+KILLCHAR
+LASTLOG_ENAB LASTLOG_UID_MAX
+LOGIN_RETRIES
+LOGIN_STRING
+LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB
+MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB
+TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE
+ULIMIT UMASK
+USERGROUPS_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+newgrp / sg
+.RS 4
+SYSLOG_SG_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+newusers
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB HOME_MODE PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK
+.RE
+.PP
+passwd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+pwck
+.RS 4
+PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+.RE
+.PP
+pwconv
+.RS 4
+PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+.RE
+.PP
+su
+.RS 4
+CONSOLE
+CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME
+ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE
+ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH
+ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB
+SULOG_FILE SU_NAME
+SU_WHEEL_ONLY
+SYSLOG_SU_ENAB
+USERGROUPS_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+sulogin
+.RS 4
+ENV_HZ
+ENV_TZ
+.RE
+.PP
+useradd
+.RS 4
+CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN HOME_MODE LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK
+.RE
+.PP
+userdel
+.RS 4
+MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+usermod
+.RS 4
+LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBpam\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man5/passwd.5 b/man/fr/man5/passwd.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..989d092
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man5/passwd.5
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: passwd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "PASSWD" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+passwd \- fichier des mots de passe
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+contains one line for each user account, with seven fields delimited by colons (\(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc)\&. These fields are:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+nom de connexion de l\*(Aqutilisateur (\(Fo\ \&login\ \&\(Fc)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+un mot de passe chiffr\('e optionnel
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+l\*(Aqidentifiant num\('erique de l\*(Aqutilisateur
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+l\*(Aqidentifiant num\('erique du groupe de l\*(Aqutilisateur
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+le nom complet de l\*(Aqutilisateur ou un champ de commentaires
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+le r\('epertoire personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes de l\*(Aqutilisateur (optionnel)
+.RE
+.PP
+If the
+\fIpassword\fR
+field is a lower\-case
+\(Fo\ \&x\ \&\(Fc, then the encrypted password is actually stored in the
+\fBshadow\fR(5)
+file instead; there
+\fImust\fR
+be a corresponding line in the
+/etc/shadow
+file, or else the user account is invalid\&.
+.PP
+The encrypted
+\fIpassword\fR
+field may be empty, in which case no password is required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the
+/etc/passwd
+file may decide not to permit
+\fIany\fR
+access at all if the
+\fIpassword\fR
+field is blank\&.
+.PP
+A
+\fIpassword\fR
+field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the
+\fIpassword\fR
+field before the password was locked\&.
+.PP
+Refer to
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)
+for details on how this string is interpreted\&.
+.PP
+If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)\&.
+.PP
+The comment field, also known as the gecos field, is used by various system utilities, such as
+\fBfinger\fR(1)\&. The use of an ampersand here will be replaced by the capitalised login name when the field is used or displayed by such system utilities\&.
+.PP
+The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory\&. The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program uses this information to set the value of the
+\fB$HOME\fR
+environmental variable\&.
+.PP
+The command interpreter field provides the name of the user\*(Aqs command language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute\&. The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program uses this information to set the value of the
+\fB$SHELL\fR
+environmental variable\&. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value
+/bin/sh\&.
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+un mot de passe chiffr\('e optionnel
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd\-
+.RS 4
+Fichier de sauvegarde de /etc/passwd\&.
+.sp
+Notez que ce fichier est utilis\('e par les outils de la suite d\*(Aqoutils shadow, mais pas par tous les outils de gestion d\*(Aqutilisateurs et de mot de passes\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBcrypt\fR(3),
+\fBgetent\fR(1),
+\fBgetpwnam\fR(3),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBpwck\fR(8),
+\fBpwconv\fR(8),
+\fBpwunconv\fR(8),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man5/porttime.5 b/man/fr/man5/porttime.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b392067
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man5/porttime.5
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: porttime
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "PORTTIME" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+porttime \- Fichier de configuration des droits d\*(Aqacc\(`es en fonction de la date et de l\*(Aqheure
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+\fIporttime\fR
+contains a list of tty devices, user names, and permitted login times\&.
+.PP
+Chaque entr\('ee consiste en trois champs s\('epar\('es par un caract\(`ere deux\-points \(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc\&. Le premier champ est une liste de tty s\('epar\('es par des virgules, ou un ast\('erisque \(Fo\ \&*\ \&\(Fc pour indiquer que l\*(Aqentr\('ee correspond \(`a toutes les tty\&. Le second champ est une liste de noms d\*(Aqutilisateurs, ou un ast\('erisque pour indiquer que cette entr\('ee correspond \(`a n\*(Aqimporte quel utilisateur\&. Le troisi\(`eme champ est une liste d\*(Aqhoraires d\*(Aqacc\(`es autoris\('es\&.
+.PP
+Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, abbreviated
+\fISu\fR,
+\fIMo\fR,
+\fITu\fR,
+\fIWe\fR,
+\fITh\fR,
+\fIFr\fR, and
+\fISa\fR, followed by a pair of times separated by a hyphen\&. The abbreviation
+\fIWk\fR
+may be used to represent Monday thru Friday, and
+\fIAl\fR
+may be used to indicate every day\&. If no days are given,
+\fIAl\fR
+is assumed\&.
+.SH "EXEMPLES"
+.PP
+The following entry allows access to user
+\fBjfh\fR
+on every port during weekdays from 9am to 5pm\&.
+.PP
+*:jfh:Wk0900\-1700
+.PP
+The following entries allow access only to the users
+\fIroot\fR
+and
+\fIoper\fR
+on
+/dev/console
+at any time\&. This illustrates how the
+/etc/porttime
+file is an ordered list of access times\&. Any other user would match the second entry which does not permit access at any time\&.
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      console:root,oper:Al0000\-2400
+      console:*:
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+The following entry allows access for the user
+\fIgames\fR
+on any port during non\-working hours\&.
+.PP
+*:games:Wk1700\-0900,SaSu0000\-2400
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/porttime
+.RS 4
+Fichier contenant le port d\*(Aqacc\(`es\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man5/shadow.5 b/man/fr/man5/shadow.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c482e8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man5/shadow.5
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: shadow
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "SHADOW" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+shadow \- fichier des mots de passe cach\('es
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+shadow
+is a file which contains the password information for the system\*(Aqs accounts and optional aging information\&.
+.PP
+Ce fichier ne doit pas \(^etre accessible en lecture par les utilisateurs normaux afin de maintenir la s\('ecurit\('e des mots de passe, en particuliers pour pr\('evenir les attaques par dictionnaires\&.
+.PP
+Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (\(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc), in the following order:
+.PP
+\fBnom de connexion de l\*(Aqutilisateur (\(Fo\ \&login\ \&\(Fc)\fR
+.RS 4
+Ce doit \(^etre un nom de compte valable, qui existe sur le syst\(`eme\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBmot de passe chiffr\('e\fR
+.RS 4
+This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the
+/etc/shadow
+file may decide not to permit any access at all if the password field is empty\&.
+.sp
+Un champ de mot de passe qui commence avec un point d\*(Aqexclamation indique que le mot de passe est bloqu\('e\&. Les caract\(`eres restants sur la ligne repr\('esentent le champ de mot de passe avant que le mot de passe n\*(Aqait \('et\('e bloqu\('e\&.
+.sp
+Refer to
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)
+for details on how this string is interpreted\&.
+.sp
+If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBdate du dernier changement de mot de passe\fR
+.RS 4
+The date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC\&.
+.sp
+La valeur 0 a une signification particuli\(`ere\ \&: l\*(Aqutilisateur devra changer son mot de passe la prochaine fois qu\*(Aqil se connectera au syst\(`eme\&.
+.sp
+Un champ vide indique que les fonctionnalit\('es de vieillissement de mot de passe sont d\('esactiv\('ees\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\(^age minimum du mot de passe\fR
+.RS 4
+L\*(Aq\(^age minimum du mot de passe est la dur\('ee (en jour) que l\*(Aqutilisateur devra attendre avant de pouvoir le changer de nouveau\&.
+.sp
+An empty field and value 0 mean that there is no minimum password age\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\(^age maximum du mot de passe\fR
+.RS 4
+L\*(Aq\(^age maximum du mot de passe est la dur\('ee (en jour) apr\(`es laquelle l\*(Aqutilisateur devra changer son mot de passe\&.
+.sp
+Une fois cette dur\('ee \('ecoul\('ee, le mot de passe restera valable\&. Il sera demand\('e \(`a l\*(Aqutilisateur de le changer la prochaine fois qu\*(Aqil se connectera\&.
+.sp
+Un champ vide signifie qu\*(Aqil n\*(Aqy a pour le mot de passe aucune limite d\*(Aq\(^age, aucune p\('eriode d\*(Aqavertissement d\*(Aqexpiration et aucune p\('eriode d\*(Aqinactivit\('e (voir ci\-dessous)\&.
+.sp
+Si l\*(Aq\(^age maximum du mot de passe est plus petit que l\*(Aq\(^age minimum du mot de passe, l\*(Aqutilisateur ne pourra pas changer son mot de passe\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBp\('eriode d\*(Aqavertissement d\*(Aqexpiration du mot de passe\fR
+.RS 4
+La dur\('ee (en jour) pendant laquelle l\*(Aqutilisateur sera averti avant que le mot de passe n\*(Aqexpire (voir l\*(Aq\(^age maximum du mot de passe ci\-dessus)\&.
+.sp
+Un champ vide ou une valeur de 0 signifie qu\*(Aqil n\*(Aqy aura pas de p\('eriode d\*(Aqavertissement d\*(Aqexpiration du mot de passe\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBp\('eriode d\*(Aqinactivit\('e du mot de passe\fR
+.RS 4
+La dur\('ee (en jour) pendant laquelle le mot de passe sera quand m\(^eme accept\('e apr\(`es son expiration (voir l\*(Aq\(^age maximum du mot de passe ci\-dessus)\&. L\*(Aqutilisateur devra mettre \(`a jour son mot de passe \(`a la prochaine connexion\&.
+.sp
+After expiration of the password and this expiration period is elapsed, no login is possible for the user\&. The user should contact her administrator\&.
+.sp
+Un champ vide signifie qu\*(Aqaucune p\('eriode d\*(Aqinactivit\('e n\*(Aqest impos\('ee\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBdate de fin de validit\('e du compte\fR
+.RS 4
+The date of expiration of the account, expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC\&.
+.sp
+Veuillez noter que l\*(Aqexpiration d\*(Aqun compte diff\(`ere de l\*(Aqexpiration d\*(Aqun mot de passe\&. En cas d\*(Aqexpiration d\*(Aqun compte, l\*(Aqutilisateur ne sera plus autoris\('e \(`a se connecter\&. En cas d\*(Aqexpiration d\*(Aqun mot de passe, l\*(Aqutilisateur n\*(Aqest pas autoris\('e \(`a se connecter en utilisant son mot de passe\&.
+.sp
+Un champ vide signifie que le compte n\*(Aqexpirera jamais\&.
+.sp
+La valeur 0 ne doit pas \(^etre utilis\('ee puisqu\*(Aqelle peut \(^etre interpr\('et\('ee soit comme un compte sans expiration, soit comme ayant expir\('e le 1er\ \&janvier\ \&1970\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBchamp r\('eserv\('e\fR
+.RS 4
+Ce champ est r\('eserv\('e pour une utilisation future\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow\-
+.RS 4
+Fichier de sauvegarde pour /etc/shadow\&.
+.sp
+Notez que ce fichier est utilis\('e par les outils de la suite d\*(Aqoutils shadow, mais pas par tous les outils de gestion d\*(Aqutilisateurs et de mot de passes\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBchage\fR(1),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBpwck\fR(8),
+\fBpwconv\fR(8),
+\fBpwunconv\fR(8),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man5/suauth.5 b/man/fr/man5/suauth.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9f3261
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man5/suauth.5
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: suauth
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "SUAUTH" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+suauth \- Fichier de contr\(^ole d\('etaill\('e de su
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fB/etc/suauth\fR\ 'u
+\fB/etc/suauth\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The file
+/etc/suauth
+is referenced whenever the su command is called\&. It can change the behaviour of the su command, based upon:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      1) the user su is targeting
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+2) l\*(Aqutilisateur qui ex\('ecute la commande su (ou un groupe dont il est membre)
+.PP
+Le fichier est format\('e de la fa\(,con suivante (les lignes commen\(,cant par un \(Fo\ \&#\ \&\(Fc sont des commentaires, et sont ignor\('ees)\ \&:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      to\-id:from\-id:ACTION
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+Where to\-id is either the word
+\fIALL\fR, a list of usernames delimited by "," or the words
+\fIALL EXCEPT\fR
+followed by a list of usernames delimited by ","\&.
+.PP
+from\-id is formatted the same as to\-id except the extra word
+\fIGROUP\fR
+is recognized\&.
+\fIALL EXCEPT GROUP\fR
+is perfectly valid too\&. Following
+\fIGROUP\fR
+appears one or more group names, delimited by ","\&. It is not sufficient to have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in
+\fB/etc/group\fR(5)
+is necessary\&.
+.PP
+Les valeurs d\*(AqACTION valables sont\ \&:
+.PP
+\fIDENY\fR
+.RS 4
+La tentative de changement d\*(Aqutilisateur est arr\(^et\('ee avant que le mot de passe ne soit demand\('e\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fINOPASS\fR
+.RS 4
+La tentative est automatiquement r\('eussie\&. Aucun mot de passe n\*(Aqest demand\('e\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIOWNPASS\fR
+.RS 4
+Pour que la commande su soit r\('eussie, l\*(Aqutilisateur doit entrer son propre mot de passe\&. Ceci lui est demand\('e\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+Notez qu\*(Aqil y a trois champs s\('epar\('es par un \(Fo\ \&deux\-points\ \&\(Fc\&. Ne pas accoler d\*(Aqespace \(`a ce \(Fo\ \&deux\-points\ \&\(Fc\&. Notez aussi que le fichier est examin\('e s\('equentiellement ligne par ligne, et que la premi\(`ere r\(`egle applicable est utilis\('ee sans que le reste du fichier ne soit examin\('e\&. Ceci permet \(`a l\*(Aqadministrateur syst\(`eme de d\('efinir un contr\(^ole aussi fin qu\*(Aqil le souhaite\&.
+.SH "EXEMPLE"
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      # sample /etc/suauth file
+      #
+      # A couple of privileged usernames may
+      # su to root with their own password\&.
+      #
+      root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS
+      #
+      # Anyone else may not su to root unless in
+      # group wheel\&. This is how BSD does things\&.
+      #
+      root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY
+      #
+      # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts
+      # owned by the same person\&.
+      # Access can be arranged between them
+      # with no password\&.
+      #
+      terry:birddog:NOPASS
+      birddog:terry:NOPASS
+      #
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/suauth
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.SH "BOGUES"
+.PP
+Il en reste sans doute beaucoup\&. L\*(Aqanalyseur du fichier est particuli\(`erement impitoyable avec les erreurs de syntaxe\&. Il n\*(Aqautorise d\*(Aqespace qu\*(Aqen d\('ebut et fin de ligne, et seul le d\('elimiteur sp\('ecifique doit \(^etre utilis\('e\&.
+.SH "DIAGNOSTICS"
+.PP
+An error parsing the file is reported using
+\fBsyslogd\fR(8)
+as level ERR on facility AUTH\&.
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBsu\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man5/subgid.5 b/man/fr/man5/subgid.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e564095
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man5/subgid.5
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: subgid
+.\"    Author: Eric Biederman
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "SUBGID" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+subgid \- the configuration for subordinate group ids
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+Subgid authorizes a group id to map ranges of group ids from its namespace into child namespaces\&.
+.PP
+The delegation of the subordinate gids can be configured via the
+\fIsubid\fR
+field in
+/etc/nsswitch\&.conf
+file\&. Only one value can be set as the delegation source\&. Setting this field to
+\fIfiles\fR
+configures the delegation of gids to
+/etc/subgid\&. Setting any other value treats the delegation as a plugin following with a name of the form
+\fIlibsubid_$value\&.so\fR\&. If the value or plugin is missing, then the subordinate gid delegation falls back to
+\fIfiles\fR\&.
+.PP
+Note, that
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+will only create entries in
+/etc/subgid
+if subid delegation is managed via subid files\&.
+.SH "LOCAL SUBORDINATE DELEGATION"
+.PP
+Each line in
+/etc/subgid
+contains a user name and a range of subordinate group ids that user is allowed to use\&. This is specified with three fields delimited by colons (\(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc)\&. These fields are:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+login name or UID
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+numerical subordinate group ID
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+numerical subordinate group ID count
+.RE
+.PP
+This file specifies the group IDs that ordinary users can use, with the
+\fBnewgidmap\fR
+command, to configure gid mapping in a user namespace\&.
+.PP
+Multiple ranges may be specified per user\&.
+.PP
+When large number of entries (10000\-100000 or more) are defined in
+/etc/subgid, parsing performance penalty will become noticeable\&. In this case it is recommended to use UIDs instead of login names\&. Benchmarks have shown speed\-ups up to 20x\&.
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+IDs des groupes subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid\-
+.RS 4
+Backup file for /etc/subgid\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBnewgidmap\fR(1),
+\fBnewuidmap\fR(1),
+\fBnewusers\fR(8),
+\fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8),
+\fBuser_namespaces\fR(7)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man5/subuid.5 b/man/fr/man5/subuid.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5c6387
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man5/subuid.5
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: subuid
+.\"    Author: Eric Biederman
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "SUBUID" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+subuid \- the configuration for subordinate user ids
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+Subuid authorizes a user id to map ranges of user ids from its namespace into child namespaces\&.
+.PP
+The delegation of the subordinate uids can be configured via the
+\fIsubid\fR
+field in
+/etc/nsswitch\&.conf
+file\&. Only one value can be set as the delegation source\&. Setting this field to
+\fIfiles\fR
+configures the delegation of uids to
+/etc/subuid\&. Setting any other value treats the delegation as a plugin following with a name of the form
+\fIlibsubid_$value\&.so\fR\&. If the value or plugin is missing, then the subordinate uid delegation falls back to
+\fIfiles\fR\&.
+.PP
+Note, that
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will only create entries in
+/etc/subuid
+if subid delegation is managed via subid files\&.
+.SH "LOCAL SUBORDINATE DELEGATION"
+.PP
+Each line in
+/etc/subuid
+contains a user name and a range of subordinate user ids that user is allowed to use\&. This is specified with three fields delimited by colons (\(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc)\&. These fields are:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+login name or UID
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+numerical subordinate user ID
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+numerical subordinate user ID count
+.RE
+.PP
+This file specifies the user IDs that ordinary users can use, with the
+\fBnewuidmap\fR
+command, to configure uid mapping in a user namespace\&.
+.PP
+Multiple ranges may be specified per user\&.
+.PP
+When large number of entries (10000\-100000 or more) are defined in
+/etc/subuid, parsing performance penalty will become noticeable\&. In this case it is recommended to use UIDs instead of login names\&. Benchmarks have shown speed\-ups up to 20x\&.
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+IDs de utilisateurs subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid\-
+.RS 4
+Backup file for /etc/subuid\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBnewgidmap\fR(1),
+\fBnewuidmap\fR(1),
+\fBnewusers\fR(1),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8),
+\fBuser_namespaces\fR(7)\&.