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| author | Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org> | 2024-04-15 20:46:53 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org> | 2024-04-15 20:46:53 +0000 |
| commit | 19da58be2d9359a9641381feb559be0b918ef710 (patch) | |
| tree | 109724175f07436696f51b14b5abbd3f4d704d6d /man/fr | |
| parent | Initial commit. (diff) | |
| download | shadow-19da58be2d9359a9641381feb559be0b918ef710.tar.xz shadow-19da58be2d9359a9641381feb559be0b918ef710.zip | |
Adding upstream version 1:4.13+dfsg1.upstream/1%4.13+dfsg1
Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
Diffstat (limited to 'man/fr')
52 files changed, 8520 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/man/fr/Makefile.am b/man/fr/Makefile.am new file mode 100644 index 0000000..230d212 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/Makefile.am @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ + +mandir = @mandir@/fr + +man_MANS = \ + man1/chage.1 \ + man1/chfn.1 \ + man8/chgpasswd.8 \ + man8/chpasswd.8 \ + man1/chsh.1 \ + man1/expiry.1 \ + man5/faillog.5 \ + man8/faillog.8 \ + man3/getspnam.3 \ + man1/gpasswd.1 \ + man8/groupadd.8 \ + man8/groupdel.8 \ + man8/groupmems.8 \ + man8/groupmod.8 \ + man1/groups.1 \ + man8/grpck.8 \ + man8/grpconv.8 \ + man8/grpunconv.8 \ + man5/gshadow.5 \ + man8/lastlog.8 \ + man1/login.1 \ + man5/login.defs.5 \ + man8/logoutd.8 \ + man1/newgrp.1 \ + man8/newusers.8 \ + man8/nologin.8 \ + man1/passwd.1 \ + man5/passwd.5 \ + man8/pwck.8 \ + man8/pwconv.8 \ + man8/pwunconv.8 \ + man1/sg.1 \ + man3/shadow.3 \ + man5/shadow.5 \ + man1/su.1 \ + man5/suauth.5 \ + man8/useradd.8 \ + man8/userdel.8 \ + man8/usermod.8 \ + man8/vigr.8 \ + man8/vipw.8 + +man_nopam = \ + man5/limits.5 \ + man5/login.access.5 \ + man5/porttime.5 + +if !USE_PAM +man_MANS += $(man_nopam) +endif + +man_subids = \ + man1/newgidmap.1 \ + man1/newuidmap.1 \ + man5/subgid.5 \ + man5/subuid.5 + +if ENABLE_SUBIDS +man_MANS += $(man_subids) +endif + +EXTRA_DIST = \ + $(man_MANS) \ + man1/id.1 \ + man8/sulogin.8 + +if USE_PAM +EXTRA_DIST += $(man_nopam) +endif + +if !ENABLE_SUBIDS +EXTRA_DIST += $(man_subids) +endif + +include ../generate_translations.mak + diff --git a/man/fr/Makefile.in b/man/fr/Makefile.in new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fb0cf81 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/Makefile.in @@ -0,0 +1,796 @@ +# Makefile.in generated by automake 1.16.5 from Makefile.am. +# @configure_input@ + +# Copyright (C) 1994-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + +# This Makefile.in is free software; the Free Software Foundation +# gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it, +# with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved. + +# This program is distributed in the hope that it 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Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "CHAGE" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +chage \- Modifier les informations de validit\('e d\*(Aqun mot de passe +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBchage\fR\ 'u +\fBchage\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fILOGIN\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +command changes the number of days between password changes and the date of the last password change\&. This information is used by the system to determine when a user must change their password\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchage\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-lastday\fR\ \&\fILAST_DAY\fR +.RS 4 +Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last changed\&. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY\-MM\-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area)\&. If the +\fILAST_DAY\fR +is set to +\fI0\fR +the user is forced to change his password on the next log on\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-E\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +.RS 4 +Configurer la date, ou le nombre de jours \(`a compter du 1er\ \&janvier\ \&1970, \(`a partir de laquelle le compte de l\*(Aqutilisateur ne sera plus accessible\&. La date peut aussi \(^etre exprim\('ee dans le format AAAA\-MM\-JJ (ou le format plus commun\('ement utilis\('e dans votre r\('egion)\&. Un utilisateur dont le compte est bloqu\('e doit contacter l\*(Aqadministrateur syst\(`eme pour pouvoir utiliser \(`a nouveau le syst\(`eme\&. +.sp +For example the following can be used to set an account to expire in 180 days: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + chage \-E $(date \-d +180days +%Y\-%m\-%d) + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.sp +Passing the number +\fI\-1\fR +as the +\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +will remove an account expiration date\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-iso8601\fR +.RS 4 +When printing dates, use YYYY\-MM\-DD format\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-I\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the account is locked\&. The +\fIINACTIVE\fR +option is the number of days of inactivity\&. A user whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being able to use the system again\&. +.sp +Passing the number +\fI\-1\fR +as the +\fIINACTIVE\fR +will remove an account\*(Aqs inactivity\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher les informations sur l\*(Aq\(^age des comptes\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the minimum number of days between password changes to +\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid\&. When +\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +plus +\fILAST_DAY\fR +is less than the current day, the user will be required to change their password before being able to use their account\&. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the +\fB\-W\fR +option, which provides the user with advance warning\&. +.sp +Passing the number +\fI\-1\fR +as +\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The +\fIWARN_DAYS\fR +option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned their password is about to expire\&. +.RE +.PP +If none of the options are selected, +\fBchage\fR +operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of +\fI[ ]\fR +marks\&. +.SH "NOTE" +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +program requires a shadow password file to be available\&. +.PP +The chage program will report only the information from the shadow password file\&. This implies that configuration from other sources (e\&.g\&. LDAP or empty password hash field from the passwd file) that affect the user\*(Aqs login will not be shown in the chage output\&. +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +program will also not report any inconsistency between the shadow and passwd files (e\&.g\&. missing x in the passwd file)\&. The +\fBpwck\fR +can be used to check for this kind of inconsistencies\&. +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +command is restricted to the root user, except for the +\fB\-l\fR +option, which may be used by an unprivileged user to determine when their password or account is due to expire\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR" +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +permission denied +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI15\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt find the shadow password file +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/chfn.1 b/man/fr/man1/chfn.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..db9a90c --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/chfn.1 @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chfn +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "CHFN" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +chfn \- Modifier le nom complet et les informations associ\('ees \(`a un utilisateur +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBchfn\fR\ 'u +\fBchfn\fR [\fIoptions\fR] [\fILOGIN\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBchfn\fR +command changes user fullname, office room number, office phone number, and home phone number information for a user\*(Aqs account\&. This information is typically printed by +\fBfinger\fR(1) +and similar programs\&. A normal user may only change the fields for her own account, subject to the restrictions in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. (The default configuration is to prevent users from changing their fullname\&.) The superuser may change any field for any account\&. Additionally, only the superuser may use the +\fB\-o\fR +option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS field\&. +.PP +These fields must not contain any colons\&. Except for the +\fIother\fR +field, they should not contain any comma or equal sign\&. It is also recommended to avoid non\-US\-ASCII characters, but this is only enforced for the phone numbers\&. The +\fIother\fR +field is used to store accounting information used by other applications\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchfn\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-full\-name\fR\ \&\fIFULL_NAME\fR +.RS 4 +Modifier le nom complet de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-home\-phone\fR\ \&\fIHOME_PHONE\fR +.RS 4 +Modifier le num\('ero de t\('el\('ephone personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-other\fR\ \&\fIOTHER\fR +.RS 4 +Modifier les informations GECO de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. Ce champ est utilis\('e pour enregistrer les informations de l\*(Aqutilisateur utilis\('ees par d\*(Aqautres applications et peut \(^etre chang\('e seulement par un superutilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-room\fR\ \&\fIROOM_NUMBER\fR +.RS 4 +Modifier le num\('ero de bureau de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-work\-phone\fR\ \&\fIWORK_PHONE\fR +.RS 4 +Modifier le num\('ero de t\('el\('ephone professionnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +If none of the options are selected, +\fBchfn\fR +operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of +\fB[ ]\fR +marks\&. Without options, +\fBchfn\fR +prompts for the current user account\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/chsh.1 b/man/fr/man1/chsh.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7b2febd --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/chsh.1 @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chsh +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "CHSH" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +chsh \- Changer l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes initial +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBchsh\fR\ 'u +\fBchsh\fR [\fIoptions\fR] [\fILOGIN\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBchsh\fR +command changes the user login shell\&. This determines the name of the user\*(Aqs initial login command\&. A normal user may only change the login shell for her own account; the superuser may change the login shell for any account\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchsh\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +Nom du nouvel interpr\('eteur de commandes initial (\(Fo\ \&login shell\ \&\(Fc) de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. Si ce champ est vide, le syst\(`eme s\('electionnera l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes initial par d\('efaut\&. +.RE +.PP +If the +\fB\-s\fR +option is not selected, +\fBchsh\fR +operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current login shell\&. Enter the new value to change the shell, or leave the line blank to use the current one\&. The current shell is displayed between a pair of +\fI[ ]\fR +marks\&. +.SH "NOTE" +.PP +The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name must be listed in +/etc/shells, unless the invoker is the superuser, and then any value may be added\&. An account with a restricted login shell may not change her login shell\&. For this reason, placing +/bin/rsh +in +/etc/shells +is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted shell would prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its original value\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shells +.RS 4 +Liste des interpr\('eteurs de commandes initiaux valables\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/expiry.1 b/man/fr/man1/expiry.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c2e1506 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/expiry.1 @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: expiry +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "EXPIRY" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +expiry \- V\('erifier et s\('ecuriser la dur\('ee de validit\('e des mots de passe +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBexpiry\fR\ 'u +\fBexpiry\fR \fIoption\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBexpiry\fR +command checks (\fB\-c\fR) the current password expiration and forces (\fB\-f\fR) changes when required\&. It is callable as a normal user command\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBexpiry\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-check\fR +.RS 4 +V\('erifier la dur\('ee de validit\('e du mot de passe de l\*(Aqutilisateur courant\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR +.RS 4 +Forcer le changement du mot de passe si l\*(Aqutilisateur courant poss\(`ede un mot de passe qui a expir\('e\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/gpasswd.1 b/man/fr/man1/gpasswd.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2aa65f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/gpasswd.1 @@ -0,0 +1,160 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: gpasswd +.\" Author: rafal Maszkowski +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "GPASSWD" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +gpasswd \- administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBgpasswd\fR\ 'u +\fBgpasswd\fR [\fIoption\fR] \fIgroupe\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBgpasswd\fR +command is used to administer +/etc/group, and /etc/gshadow\&. Every group can have +administrators, +members and a password\&. +.PP +System administrators can use the +\fB\-A\fR +option to define group administrator(s) and the +\fB\-M\fR +option to define members\&. They have all rights of group administrators and members\&. +.PP +\fBgpasswd\fR +called by +a group administrator +with a group name only prompts for the new password of the +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.PP +If a password is set the members can still use +\fBnewgrp\fR(1) +without a password, and non\-members must supply the password\&. +.SS "Notes sur les mots de passe de groupe" +.PP +Les mots de passe de groupe repr\('esentent naturellement un risque en mati\(`ere de s\('ecurit\('e, puisque plusieurs personnes ont connaissance du mot de passe\&. Cependant, les groupes sont utiles pour permettre la coop\('eration entre diff\('erents utilisateurs\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +Except for the +\fB\-A\fR +and +\fB\-M\fR +options, the options cannot be combined\&. +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgpasswd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR +.RS 4 +Add the +\fIuser\fR +to the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR +.RS 4 +Remove the +\fIuser\fR +from the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-Q\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\-password\fR +.RS 4 +Remove the password from the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. The group password will be empty\&. Only group members will be allowed to use +\fBnewgrp\fR +to join the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-restrict\fR +.RS 4 +Restrict the access to the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. The group password is set to "!"\&. Only group members with a password will be allowed to use +\fBnewgrp\fR +to join the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-A\fR, \fB\-\-administrators\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR,\&.\&.\&. +.RS 4 +Configurer la liste des administrateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-members\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR,\&.\&.\&. +.RS 4 +Configurer la liste des membres du groupe\&. +.RE +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +This tool only operates on the +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow files\&. +Thus you cannot change any NIS or LDAP group\&. This must be performed on the corresponding server\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBnewgrp\fR(1), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBgrpck\fR(8), +\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/groups.1 b/man/fr/man1/groups.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8fd15f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/groups.1 @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groups +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "GROUPS" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +groups \- Afficher la liste des groupes auxquels appartient l\*(Aqutilisateur +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBgroups\fR\ 'u +\fBgroups\fR [\fIutilisateur\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBgroups\fR +command displays the current group names or ID values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in +/etc/group, the value will be displayed as the numerical group value\&. The optional +\fIuser\fR +parameter will display the groups for the named user\&. +.SH "NOTE" +.PP +Systems which do not support supplementary groups (see +\fBinitgroups\fR(3)) will have the information from +/etc/group +reported\&. The user must use +\fBnewgrp\fR +or +\fBsg\fR +to change his current real and effective group ID\&. +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBnewgrp\fR(1), +\fBgetgid\fR(2), +\fBgetgroups\fR(2), +\fBgetuid\fR(2), +\fBinitgroups\fR(3)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/id.1 b/man/fr/man1/id.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..299c749 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/id.1 @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: id +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "ID" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +id \- display current user and group ID names +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBid\fR\ 'u +\fBid\fR [\-a] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBid\fR +command displays the current real and effective user and group ID names or values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in +/etc/passwd +or +/etc/group, the value will be displayed without the corresponding name\&. The optional +\fB\-a\fR +flag will display the group set on systems which support supplementary groups (see +\fBinitgroups\fR(3))\&. +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBgetgid\fR(2), +\fBgetgroups\fR(2), +\fBgetuid\fR(2), +\fBinitgroups\fR(3) diff --git a/man/fr/man1/login.1 b/man/fr/man1/login.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..99d5a5c --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/login.1 @@ -0,0 +1,213 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: login +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "LOGIN" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +login \- D\('emarrer une session sur le syst\(`eme +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u +\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] [\fInom_utilisateur\fR] [\fIENV=VAR\fR...] +.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u +\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] \-f \fInom_utilisateur\fR +.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u +\fBlogin\fR [\-p] \-r\ \fIhost\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBlogin\fR +program is used to establish a new session with the system\&. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to the +\fIlogin:\fR +prompt on the user\*(Aqs terminal\&. +\fBlogin\fR +may be special to the shell and may not be invoked as a sub\-process\&. When called from a shell, +\fBlogin\fR +should be executed as +\fBexec login\fR +which will cause the user to exit from the current shell (and thus will prevent the new logged in user to return to the session of the caller)\&. Attempting to execute +\fBlogin\fR +from any shell but the login shell will produce an error message\&. +.PP +The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate\&. Echoing is disabled to prevent revealing the password\&. Only a small number of password failures are permitted before +\fBlogin\fR +exits and the communications link is severed\&. +.PP +If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted for a new password before proceeding\&. You will be forced to provide your old password and the new password before continuing\&. Please refer to +\fBpasswd\fR(1) +for more information\&. +.PP +After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages and the presence of mail\&. You may turn off the printing of the system message file, +/etc/motd, by creating a zero\-length file +\&.hushlogin +in your login directory\&. The mail message will be one of "\fIYou have new mail\&.\fR", "\fIYou have mail\&.\fR", or "\fINo Mail\&.\fR" according to the condition of your mailbox\&. +.PP +Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the +/etc/passwd +file\&. The value for +\fB$HOME\fR, +\fB$SHELL\fR, +\fB$PATH\fR, +\fB$LOGNAME\fR, and +\fB$MAIL\fR +are set according to the appropriate fields in the password entry\&. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be set according to entries in the GECOS field\&. +.PP +On some installations, the environmental variable +\fB$TERM\fR +will be initialized to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified in +/etc/ttytype\&. +.PP +Un script d\*(Aqinitialisation pour votre interpr\('eteur de commandes pourra \('egalement \(^etre ex\('ecut\('e\&. Veuillez vous r\('ef\('erer \(`a la section de manuel appropri\('ee pour plus d\*(Aqinformations sur cette fonctionnalit\('e\&. +.PP +Une connexion \(`a un sous\-syst\(`eme est indiqu\('ee par la pr\('esence d\*(Aqun \(Fo\ \&*\ \&\(Fc comme premier caract\(`ere de l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes initial\&. Le r\('epertoire personnel sera utilis\('e comme racine d\*(Aqun nouveau syst\(`eme de fichiers dans lequel l\*(Aqutilisateur sera connect\('e\&. +.PP +The +\fBlogin\fR +program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file\&. It is the responsibility of +\fBgetty\fR(8) +and +\fBinit\fR(8) +to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session\&. If you use +\fBlogin\fR +from the shell prompt without +\fBexec\fR, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession"\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +\fB\-f\fR +.RS 4 +Ne pas r\('ealiser d\*(Aqauthentification\&. L\*(Aqutilisateur est pr\('e\-authentifi\('e\&. +.sp +Note: In that case, +\fIusername\fR +is mandatory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR +.RS 4 +Nom de l\*(Aqh\(^ote distant pour cette connexion\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR +.RS 4 +Pr\('eserver l\*(Aqenvironnement\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR +.RS 4 +Ex\('ecuter le protocole de connexion automatique (autologin) pour rlogin\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fB\-r\fR, +\fB\-h\fR +and +\fB\-f\fR +options are only used when +\fBlogin\fR +is invoked by root\&. +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +This version of +\fBlogin\fR +has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site\&. +.PP +L\*(Aqemplacement des fichiers peut varier suivant la configuration du syst\(`eme\&. +.PP +The +\fBlogin\fR +program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file\&. It is the responsibility of +\fBgetty\fR(8) +and +\fBinit\fR(8) +to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session\&. If you use +\fBlogin\fR +from the shell prompt without +\fBexec\fR, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession"\&. +.PP +As with any program, +\fBlogin\fR\*(Aqs appearance can be faked\&. If non\-trusted users have physical access to a machine, an attacker could use this to obtain the password of the next person coming to sit in front of the machine\&. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used by users to initiate a trusted path and prevent this kind of attack\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/var/run/utmp +.RS 4 +Liste des sessions de connexion en cours\&. +.RE +.PP +/var/log/wtmp +.RS 4 +Liste des sessions de connexion pr\('ec\('edentes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/motd +.RS 4 +Fichier contenant le message du syst\(`eme\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/nologin +.RS 4 +Emp\(^echer les utilisateurs non\-root de se connecter\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/ttytype +.RS 4 +Liste des types de terminaux\&. +.RE +.PP +$HOME/\&.hushlogin +.RS 4 +Supprimer l\*(Aqaffichage des messages du syst\(`eme\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBmail\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBsh\fR(1), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBnologin\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBsecuretty\fR(5), +\fBgetty\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/newgidmap.1 b/man/fr/man1/newgidmap.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f455868 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/newgidmap.1 @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: newgidmap +.\" Author: Eric Biederman +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "NEWGIDMAP" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +newgidmap \- set the gid mapping of a user namespace +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBnewgidmap\fR\ 'u +\fBnewgidmap\fR \fIpid\fR \fIgid\fR \fIlowergid\fR \fIcount\fR [\fIgid\fR\ \fIlowergid\fR\ \fIcount\fR\ [\ \fI\&.\&.\&.\fR\ ]] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBnewgidmap\fR +sets +/proc/[pid]/gid_map +based on its command line arguments and the gids allowed\&. Subgid delegation can either be managed via +/etc/subgid +or through the configured NSS subid module\&. These options are mutually exclusive\&. +.PP +Note that the root group is not exempted from the requirement for a valid +/etc/subgid +entry\&. +.PP +After the pid argument, +\fBnewgidmap\fR +expects sets of 3 integers: +.PP +gid +.RS 4 +Beginning of the range of GIDs inside the user namespace\&. +.RE +.PP +lowergid +.RS 4 +Beginning of the range of GIDs outside the user namespace\&. +.RE +.PP +count +.RS 4 +Length of the ranges (both inside and outside the user namespace)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBnewgidmap\fR +verifies that the caller is the owner of the process indicated by +\fBpid\fR +and that for each of the above sets, each of the GIDs in the range [lowergid, lowergid+count) is allowed to the caller according to +/etc/subgid +before setting +/proc/[pid]/gid_map\&. +.PP +Note that newgidmap may be used only once for a given process\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +There currently are no options to the +\fBnewgidmap\fR +command\&. +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +List of user\*(Aqs subordinate group IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/proc/[pid]/gid_map +.RS 4 +Mapping of gids from one between user namespaces\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBnewusers\fR(8), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/newgrp.1 b/man/fr/man1/newgrp.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..df5a91e --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/newgrp.1 @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: newgrp +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "NEWGRP" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +newgrp \- se connecter avec un nouveau groupe +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBnewgrp\fR\ 'u +\fBnewgrp\fR [\-] [\fIgroupe\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBnewgrp\fR +command is used to change the current group ID during a login session\&. If the optional +\fB\-\fR +flag is given, the user\*(Aqs environment will be reinitialized as though the user had logged in, otherwise the current environment, including current working directory, remains unchanged\&. +.PP +\fBnewgrp\fR +changes the current real group ID to the named group, or to the default group listed in +/etc/passwd +if no group name is given\&. +\fBnewgrp\fR +also tries to add the group to the user groupset\&. If not root, the user will be prompted for a password if she does not have a password (in +/etc/shadow +if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or in +/etc/passwd +otherwise) and the group does, or if the user is not listed as a member and the group has a password\&. The user will be denied access if the group password is empty and the user is not listed as a member\&. +.PP +If there is an entry for this group in +/etc/gshadow, then the list of members and the password of this group will be taken from this file, otherwise, the entry in +/etc/group +is considered\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBid\fR(1), +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBsg\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/newuidmap.1 b/man/fr/man1/newuidmap.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..53dedce --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/newuidmap.1 @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: newuidmap +.\" Author: Eric Biederman +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "NEWUIDMAP" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +newuidmap \- set the uid mapping of a user namespace +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBnewuidmap\fR\ 'u +\fBnewuidmap\fR \fIpid\fR \fIuid\fR \fIloweruid\fR \fIcount\fR [\fIuid\fR\ \fIloweruid\fR\ \fIcount\fR\ [\ \fI\&.\&.\&.\fR\ ]] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBnewuidmap\fR +sets +/proc/[pid]/uid_map +based on its command line arguments and the uids allowed\&. Subuid delegation can either be managed via +/etc/subuid +or through the configured NSS subid module\&. These options are mutually exclusive\&. +.PP +Note that the root user is not exempted from the requirement for a valid +/etc/subuid +entry\&. +.PP +After the pid argument, +\fBnewuidmap\fR +expects sets of 3 integers: +.PP +uid +.RS 4 +Beginning of the range of UIDs inside the user namespace\&. +.RE +.PP +loweruid +.RS 4 +Beginning of the range of UIDs outside the user namespace\&. +.RE +.PP +count +.RS 4 +Length of the ranges (both inside and outside the user namespace)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBnewuidmap\fR +verifies that the caller is the owner of the process indicated by +\fBpid\fR +and that for each of the above sets, each of the UIDs in the range [loweruid, loweruid+count) is allowed to the caller according to +/etc/subuid +before setting +/proc/[pid]/uid_map\&. +.PP +Note that newuidmap may be used only once for a given process\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +There currently are no options to the +\fBnewuidmap\fR +command\&. +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +List of user\*(Aqs subordinate user IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/proc/[pid]/uid_map +.RS 4 +Mapping of uids from one between user namespaces\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBnewusers\fR(8), +\fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/passwd.1 b/man/fr/man1/passwd.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6aad0b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/passwd.1 @@ -0,0 +1,283 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: passwd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "PASSWD" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +passwd \- Modifier le mot de passe d\*(Aqun utilisateur +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBpasswd\fR\ 'u +\fBpasswd\fR [\fIoptions\fR] [\fILOGIN\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBpasswd\fR +command changes passwords for user accounts\&. A normal user may only change the password for their own account, while the superuser may change the password for any account\&. +\fBpasswd\fR +also changes the account or associated password validity period\&. +.SS "Modifications du mot de passe" +.PP +Dans un premier temps, l\*(Aqutilisateur doit fournir son ancien mot de passe, s\*(Aqil en avait un\&. Ce mot de passe est ensuite chiffr\('e puis compar\('e avec le mot de passe enregistr\('e\&. L\*(Aqutilisateur n\*(Aqa droit qu\*(Aq\(`a un seul essai pour entrer le mot de passe correct\&. Le superutilisateur peut contourner cette premi\(`ere \('etape de mani\(`ere \(`a changer les mots de passe ayant \('et\('e oubli\('es\&. +.PP +After the password has been entered, password aging information is checked to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this time\&. If not, +\fBpasswd\fR +refuses to change the password and exits\&. +.PP +Le nouveau mot de passe sera demand\('e deux fois \(`a l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. Le second mot de passe est compar\('e avec le premier\&. Ces deux mots de passe devront \(^etre identiques pour que le mot de passe soit chang\('e\&. +.PP +La complexit\('e de ce mot de passe est alors test\('ee\&. Comme ligne de conduite g\('en\('erale, un mot de passe doit toujours \(^etre constitu\('e de 6 \(`a 8 caract\(`eres en en choisissant un ou plus parmi chacun des ensembles suivants\ \&: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +caract\(`eres alphab\('etiques minuscules +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +chiffres de 0 \(`a 9 +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +marques de ponctuation +.RE +.PP +Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill characters\&. +\fBpasswd\fR +will reject any password which is not suitably complex\&. +.SS "Astuces pour les mots de passe" +.PP +The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption algorithm and the size of the key space\&. The legacy +\fIUNIX\fR +System encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm\&. More recent methods are now recommended (see +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR)\&. The size of the key space depends upon the randomness of the password which is selected\&. +.PP +Les compromissions de la s\('ecurit\('e des mots de passe r\('esultent le plus souvent d\*(Aqune n\('egligence dans le choix du mot de passe, ou lors de son utilisation\&. Pour cette raison, vous ne devez pas s\('electionner de mot de passe apparaissant dans un dictionnaire ou devant \(^etre \('ecrit\&. Le mot de passe ne doit pas non plus \(^etre un nom propre, un num\('ero min\('eralogique, une date de naissance, ou une adresse\&. En effet ceux\-ci pourraient \(^etre devin\('es pour violer la s\('ecurit\('e du syst\(`eme\&. +.PP +Vous pouvez trouver des conseils sur la fa\(,con de choisir un mot de passe robuste sur http://en\&.wikipedia\&.org/wiki/Password_strength (en anglais)\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBpasswd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR +.RS 4 +This option can be used only with +\fB\-S\fR +and causes show status for all users\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR +.RS 4 +Supprimer le mot de passe (le rendre vide) d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&. C\*(Aqest une fa\(,con rapide de supprimer l\*(Aqauthentification par mot de passe pour un compte\&. Il rend le compte indiqu\('e sans mot de passe\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expire\fR +.RS 4 +Annuler imm\('ediatement la validit\('e du mot de passe d\*(Aqun compte\&. Ceci permet d\*(Aqobliger un utilisateur \(`a changer son mot de passe lors de sa prochaine connexion\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +This option is used to disable an account after the password has been expired for a number of days\&. After a user account has had an expired password for +\fIINACTIVE\fR +days, the user may no longer sign on to the account\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-keep\-tokens\fR +.RS 4 +Indiquer que la modification de mot de passe ne sera effectu\('ee que lors de l\*(Aqexpiration des jetons d\*(Aqauthentification (mots de passe)\&. C\*(Aqest utile dans le cas o\(`u l\*(Aqutilisateur voudrait conserver ses jetons d\*(Aqauthentification encore valables\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR +.RS 4 +Verrouiller le mot de passe du compte indiqu\('e\&. Cette option d\('esactive un mot de passe en le modifiant par une valeur qui ne correspond pas \(`a un mot de passe chiffr\('e possible (cela ajoute un \(Fo\ \&!\ \&\(Fc au d\('ebut du mot de passe)\&. +.sp +Note that this does not disable the account\&. The user may still be able to login using another authentication token (e\&.g\&. an SSH key)\&. To disable the account, administrators should use +\fBusermod \-\-expiredate 1\fR +(this set the account\*(Aqs expire date to Jan 2, 1970)\&. +.sp +Les utilisateurs avec un mot de passe verrouill\('e ne sont pas autoris\('es \(`a le changer\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the minimum number of days between password changes to +\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR +.RS 4 +Mode silencieux\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-repository\fR\ \&\fIREPOSITORY\fR +.RS 4 +change password in +\fIREPOSITORY\fR +repository +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-status\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher l\*(Aq\('etat d\*(Aqun compte\&. Cet \('etat est constitu\('e de 7 champs\&. Le premier champ est le nom du compte\&. Le second champ indique si le mot de passe est bloqu\('e (L), n\*(Aqa pas de mot de passe (NP) ou a un mot de passe utilisable (P)\&. Le troisi\(`eme champ donne la date de derni\(`ere modification du mot de passe\&. Les quatre champs suivants sont\ \&: la dur\('ee minimum avant modification, la dur\('ee maximum de validit\('e, la dur\('ee d\*(Aqavertissement, et la dur\('ee d\*(Aqinactivit\('e autoris\('ee pour le mot de passe\&. Les dur\('ees sont exprim\('ees en jours\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR +.RS 4 +Unlock the password of the named account\&. This option re\-enables a password by changing the password back to its previous value (to the value before using the +\fB\-l\fR +option)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The +\fIWARN_DAYS\fR +option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned that their password is about to expire\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-x\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid\&. After +\fIMAX_DAYS\fR, the password is required to be changed\&. +.sp +Passing the number +\fI\-1\fR +as +\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&. +.RE +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +La v\('erification de la complexit\('e des mots de passe peut varier d\*(Aqun site \(`a l\*(Aqautre\&. Il est vivement conseill\('e aux utilisateurs de choisir un mot de passe aussi complexe que possible dans la limite de ce qu\*(Aqil est capable de m\('emoriser\&. +.PP +Il se peut que les utilisateurs ne puissent pas changer leur mot de passe sur un syst\(`eme si NIS est activ\('e et qu\*(Aqils ne sont pas connect\('es au serveur NIS\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR" +.PP +The +\fBpasswd\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +permission denied +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid combination of options +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +unexpected failure, nothing done +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +unexpected failure, +passwd +file missing +.RE +.PP +\fI5\fR +.RS 4 +passwd +file busy, try again +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +invalid argument to option +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBchpasswd\fR(8), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/sg.1 b/man/fr/man1/sg.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..df41480 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/sg.1 @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: sg +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "SG" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +sg \- ex\('ecuter une commande avec un autre identifiant de groupe +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBsg\fR\ 'u +\fBsg\fR [\-] [group\ [\-c\ ]\ command] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBsg\fR +command works similar to +\fBnewgrp\fR +but accepts a command\&. The command will be executed with the +/bin/sh +shell\&. With most shells you may run +\fBsg\fR +from, you need to enclose multi\-word commands in quotes\&. Another difference between +\fBnewgrp\fR +and +\fBsg\fR +is that some shells treat +\fBnewgrp\fR +specially, replacing themselves with a new instance of a shell that +\fBnewgrp\fR +creates\&. This doesn\*(Aqt happen with +\fBsg\fR, so upon exit from a +\fBsg\fR +command you are returned to your previous group ID\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBid\fR(1), +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBnewgrp\fR(1), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/su.1 b/man/fr/man1/su.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ac2f8ee --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/su.1 @@ -0,0 +1,290 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: su +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "SU" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +su \- Changer d\*(Aqidentifiant d\*(Aqutilisateur ou devenir superutilisateur +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBsu\fR\ 'u +\fBsu\fR [\fIoptions\fR] [\fI\-\fR] [\fInom_utilisateur\fR\ [\ \fIargs\fR\ ]] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBsu\fR +command is used to become another user during a login session\&. Invoked without a +\fBusername\fR, +\fBsu\fR +defaults to becoming the superuser\&. The +\fB\-\fR +option may be used to provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user logged in directly\&. The +\fB\-c\fR +option may be used to treat the next argument as a command by most shells\&. +.PP +Options are recognized everywhere in the argument list\&. You can use the +\fB\-\-\fR +argument to stop option parsing\&. The +\fB\-\fR +option is special: it is also recognized after +\fB\-\-\fR, but has to be placed before +\fBusername\fR\&. +.PP +Un mot de passe sera demand\('e \(`a l\*(Aqutilisateur, si n\('ecessaire\&. Les mots de passe incorrects produisent un message d\*(Aqerreur\&. Toutes les tentatives, r\('eussies ou non, sont enregistr\('ees afin de d\('etecter tout abus du syst\(`eme\&. +.PP +The current environment is passed to the new shell\&. The value of +\fB$PATH\fR +is reset to +/bin:/usr/bin +for normal users, or +/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin +for the superuser\&. This may be changed with the +\fBENV_PATH\fR +and +\fBENV_SUPATH\fR +definitions in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.PP +Une connexion \(`a un sous\-syst\(`eme est indiqu\('ee par la pr\('esence d\*(Aqun \(Fo\ \&*\ \&\(Fc comme premier caract\(`ere de l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes initial\&. Le r\('epertoire personnel sera utilis\('e comme racine d\*(Aqun nouveau syst\(`eme de fichiers dans lequel l\*(Aqutilisateur sera connect\('e\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBsu\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-command\fR\ \&\fICOMMAND\fR +.RS 4 +Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its +\fB\-c\fR\&. +.sp +La commande ex\('ecut\('ee n\*(Aqaura aucun terminal de contr\(^ole\&. Cette option ne peut pas \(^etre utilis\('ee pour ex\('ecuter des programmes interactifs qui ont besoin d\*(Aqun terminal de contr\(^ole\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-\fR, \fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR +.RS 4 +Fournir \(`a l\*(Aqutilisateur un environnement similaire \(`a celui qu\*(Aqil aurait obtenu s\*(Aqil s\*(Aq\('etait connect\('e directement\&. +.sp +When +\fB\-\fR +is used, it must be specified before any +\fBusername\fR\&. For portability it is recommended to use it as last option, before any +\fBusername\fR\&. The other forms (\fB\-l\fR +and +\fB\-\-login\fR) do not have this restriction\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +Interpr\('eteur de commande devant \(^etre appel\('e\&. +.sp +The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first): +.PP +.RS 4 +The shell specified with \-\-shell\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR +is used, the shell specified by the +\fB$SHELL\fR +environment variable\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +The shell indicated in the +/etc/passwd +entry for the target user\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +/bin/sh +if a shell could not be found by any above method\&. +.RE +.sp +If the target user has a restricted shell (i\&.e\&. the shell field of this user\*(Aqs entry in +/etc/passwd +is not listed in +/etc/shells), then the +\fB\-\-shell\fR +option or the +\fB$SHELL\fR +environment variable won\*(Aqt be taken into account, unless +\fBsu\fR +is called by root\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR +.RS 4 +Preserve the current environment, except for: +.PP +\fB$PATH\fR +.RS 4 +reset according to the +/etc/login\&.defs +options +\fBENV_PATH\fR +or +\fBENV_SUPATH\fR +(see below); +.RE +.PP +\fB$IFS\fR +.RS 4 +reset to +\(Fo\ \&<space><tab><newline>\ \&\(Fc, if it was set\&. +.RE +.sp +If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect (unless +\fBsu\fR +is called by root)\&. +.sp +Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following: +.PP +.RS 4 +The +\fB$HOME\fR, +\fB$SHELL\fR, +\fB$USER\fR, +\fB$LOGNAME\fR, +\fB$PATH\fR, and +\fB$IFS\fR +environment variables are reset\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-login\fR +is not used, the environment is copied, except for the variables above\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-login\fR +is used, the +\fB$TERM\fR, +\fB$COLORTERM\fR, +\fB$DISPLAY\fR, and +\fB$XAUTHORITY\fR +environment variables are copied if they were set\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-login\fR +is used, the +\fB$TZ\fR, +\fB$HZ\fR, and +\fB$MAIL\fR +environment variables are set according to the +/etc/login\&.defs +options +\fBENV_TZ\fR, +\fBENV_HZ\fR, +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR, and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +(see below)\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-login\fR +is used, other environment variables might be set by the +\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR +file (see below)\&. +.RE +.sp +.RE +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +This version of +\fBsu\fR +has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR" +.PP +On success, +\fBsu\fR +returns the exit value of the command it executed\&. +.PP +If this command was terminated by a signal, +\fBsu\fR +returns the number of this signal plus 128\&. +.PP +If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the command did not terminate in time), +\fBsu\fR +returns 255\&. +.PP +Some exit values from +\fBsu\fR +are independent from the executed command: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success (\fB\-\-help\fR +only) +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +System or authentication failure +.RE +.PP +\fI126\fR +.RS 4 +The requested command was not found +.RE +.PP +\fI127\fR +.RS 4 +The requested command could not be executed +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBsg\fR(1), +\fBsh\fR(1)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man3/getspnam.3 b/man/fr/man3/getspnam.3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cd473da --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man3/getspnam.3 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man3/shadow.3 diff --git a/man/fr/man3/shadow.3 b/man/fr/man3/shadow.3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d2e598c --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man3/shadow.3 @@ -0,0 +1,245 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: shadow +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Appels de biblioth\(`eque +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "SHADOW" "3" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Appels de biblioth\(`eque" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +shadow, getspnam \- routines d\*(Aqutilisation des mots de passe cach\('es +.SH "SYNTAX" +.PP +\fI#include <shadow\&.h>\fR +.PP +\fIstruct spwd *getspent();\fR +.PP +\fIstruct spwd *getspnam(char\fR +\fI*nom\fR\fI);\fR +.PP +\fIvoid setspent();\fR +.PP +\fIvoid endspent();\fR +.PP +\fIstruct spwd *fgetspent(FILE\fR +\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR +.PP +\fIstruct spwd *sgetspent(char\fR +\fI*cp\fR\fI);\fR +.PP +\fIint putspent(struct spwd\fR +\fI*p,\fR +\fIFICHIER\fR +\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR +.PP +\fIint lckpwdf();\fR +.PP +\fIint ulckpwdf();\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +\fIshadow\fR +manipulates the contents of the shadow password file, +/etc/shadow\&. The structure in the +\fI#include\fR +file is: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf +struct spwd { + char *sp_namp; /* user login name */ + char *sp_pwdp; /* encrypted password */ + long int sp_lstchg; /* last password change */ + long int sp_min; /* days until change allowed\&. */ + long int sp_max; /* days before change required */ + long int sp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */ + long int sp_inact; /* days before account inactive */ + long int sp_expire; /* date when account expires */ + unsigned long int sp_flag; /* reserved for future use */ +} + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.PP +La signification de chaque champ est la suivante\ \&: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_namp \- pointeur vers le nom d\*(Aqutilisateur termin\('e par un z\('ero binaire (\(Fo\ \&null\-terminated\ \&\(Fc) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_pwdp \- pointeur vers le mot de passe termin\('e par un z\('ero binaire (\(Fo\ \&null\-terminated\ \&\(Fc) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_lstchg \- nombre de jours, compt\('es \(`a partir du 1er\ \&janvier\ \&1970, depuis la derni\(`ere modification du mot de passe +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_min \- nombre de jours pendant lesquels le mot de passe ne peut pas \(^etre chang\('e +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_max \- nombre maximal de jours avant que le mot de passe doive \(^etre chang\('e +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_warn \- nombre de jours avant que le mot de passe n\*(Aqarrive en fin de validit\('e pendant lesquels l\*(Aqutilisateur est averti de la fin prochaine de la validit\('e de son mot de passe +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_inact \- nombre de jours apr\(`es la fin de validit\('e du mot de passe avant de consid\('erer que le compte est inactif et soit d\('esactiv\('e +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_expire \- nombre de jours, compt\('es \(`a partir du 1er\ \&janvier\ \&1970, apr\(`es lesquels le compte sera d\('esactiv\('e +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_flag \- r\('eserv\('e pour une utilisation future +.RE +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +\fIgetspent\fR, +\fIgetspname\fR, +\fIfgetspent\fR, and +\fIsgetspent\fR +each return a pointer to a +\fIstruct spwd\fR\&. +\fIgetspent\fR +returns the next entry from the file, and +\fIfgetspent\fR +returns the next entry from the given stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format\&. +\fIsgetspent\fR +returns a pointer to a +\fIstruct spwd\fR +using the provided string as input\&. +\fIgetspnam\fR +searches from the current position in the file for an entry matching +\fIname\fR\&. +.PP +\fIsetspent\fR +and +\fIendspent\fR +may be used to begin and end, respectively, access to the shadow password file\&. +.PP +The +\fIlckpwdf\fR +and +\fIulckpwdf\fR +routines should be used to insure exclusive access to the +/etc/shadow +file\&. +\fIlckpwdf\fR +attempts to acquire a lock using +\fIpw_lock\fR +for up to 15 seconds\&. It continues by attempting to acquire a second lock using +\fIspw_lock\fR +for the remainder of the initial 15 seconds\&. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 seconds, +\fIlckpwdf\fR +returns \-1\&. When both locks are acquired 0 is returned\&. +.SH "DIAGNOSTICS" +.PP +Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error occurs during processing\&. Routines which have +\fIint\fR +as the return value return 0 for success and \-1 for failure\&. +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +Ces fonctions peuvent n\*(Aq\(^etre utilis\('ees que par le superutilisateur car l\*(Aqacc\(`es au fichier de mots de passe cach\('es est restreint\&. +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBgetpwent\fR(3), +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man5/faillog.5 b/man/fr/man5/faillog.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..81548d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man5/faillog.5 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: faillog +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "FAILLOG" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuratio" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +faillog \- journal des \('echecs de connexion +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +/var/log/faillog +maintains a count of login failures and the limits for each account\&. +.PP +Le fichier contient un nombre constant d\*(Aqenregistrements, tri\('es par identifiant d\*(Aqutilisateur num\('erique\&. Chaque enregistrement contient le nombre d\*(Aq\('echecs de connexion depuis la derni\(`ere connexion r\('eussie, le nombre maximum d\*(Aq\('echecs de connexion avant d\('esactivation du compte, la ligne sur laquelle a eu lieu le dernier \('echec de connexion, la date du dernier \('echec de connexion et la dur\('ee (en seconde) pendant laquelle le compte sera verrouill\('e apr\(`es un \('echec\&. +.PP +La structure du fichier est la suivante\ \&: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf +struct faillog { + short fail_cnt; + short fail_max; + char fail_line[12]; + time_t fail_time; + long fail_locktime; +}; +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/var/log/faillog +.RS 4 +Journal des \('echecs de connexion\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBfaillog\fR(8) diff --git a/man/fr/man5/gshadow.5 b/man/fr/man5/gshadow.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0a39493 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man5/gshadow.5 @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: gshadow +.\" Author: Nicolas Fran\(,cois <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net> +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "GSHADOW" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +gshadow \- informations cach\('ees sur les groupes +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +/etc/gshadow +contains the shadowed information for group accounts\&. +.PP +Ce fichier ne doit pas \(^etre accessible en lecture par les utilisateurs normaux afin de maintenir la s\('ecurit\('e des mots de passe, en particuliers pour pr\('evenir les attaques par dictionnaires\&. +.PP +Chaque ligne de ce fichier contient les champs suivants, s\('epar\('es par des deux\-points (\(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc)\ \&: +.PP +\fBnom du groupe\fR +.RS 4 +Ce doit \(^etre un nom de groupe valable, qui existe sur le syst\(`eme\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBmot de passe chiffr\('e\fR +.RS 4 +Refer to +\fBcrypt\fR(3) +for details on how this string is interpreted\&. +.sp +If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of +\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, users will not be able to use a unix password to access the group (but group members do not need the password)\&. +.sp +The password is used when a user who is not a member of the group wants to gain the permissions of this group (see +\fBnewgrp\fR(1))\&. +.sp +Ce champ peut \(^etre vide\&. Dans ce cas seuls les membres du groupe peuvent obtenir les permissions du groupe\&. +.sp +Un champ de mot de passe qui commence avec un point d\*(Aqexclamation indique que le mot de passe est bloqu\('e\&. Les caract\(`eres restants sur la ligne repr\('esentent le champ de mot de passe avant que le mot de passe n\*(Aqait \('et\('e bloqu\('e\&. +.sp +This password supersedes any password specified in +/etc/group\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBadministrateurs\fR +.RS 4 +Ce champ doit \(^etre une liste d\*(Aqutilisateurs, s\('epar\('es par des virgules\&. +.sp +Les administrateurs peuvent modifier le mot de passe ou les membres du groupe\&. +.sp +Les administrateurs peuvent aussi avoir les m\(^emes permissions que les membres (voir ci\-dessous)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBmembres\fR +.RS 4 +Ce champ doit \(^etre une liste d\*(Aqutilisateurs, s\('epar\('es par des virgules\&. +.sp +Les membres peuvent acc\('eder au groupe sans qu\*(Aqun mot de passe ne leur soit demand\('e\&. +.sp +You should use the same list of users as in +/etc/group\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBgpasswd\fR(5), +\fBgroup\fR(5), +\fBgrpck\fR(8), +\fBgrpconv\fR(8), +\fBnewgrp\fR(1)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man5/limits.5 b/man/fr/man5/limits.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..45ad0fb --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man5/limits.5 @@ -0,0 +1,274 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: limits +.\" Author: Luca Berra +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "LIMITS" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +limits \- d\('efinition des limites de ressources +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fIlimits\fR +file (/etc/limits +by default or LIMITS_FILE defined +config\&.h) describes the resource limits you wish to impose\&. It should be owned by root and readable by root account only\&. +.PP +Par d\('efaut, aucun quota (aucune limite) n\*(Aqest impos\('e \(`a \(Fo\ \&root\ \&\(Fc\&. En fait, il n\*(Aqest pas possible d\*(Aqimposer de cette fa\(,con de limite aux comptes root ou \('equivalents (comptes ayant un UID de 0)\&. +.PP +Chaque ligne d\('ecrit une limite pour un utilisateur, elle est de la forme suivante\ \&: +.PP +\fIutilisateur LISTE_DE_LIMITES\fR +.PP +ou sous la forme\ \&: +.PP +\fI@groupe LISTE_DE_LIMITES\fR +.PP +The +\fILIMITS_STRING\fR +is a string of a concatenated list of resource limits\&. Each limit consists of a letter identifier followed by a numerical limit\&. +.PP +Les identifiants possibles sont\ \&: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +A\ \&: espace d\*(Aqadressage maximal (en kilo octets) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +C\ \&: taille maximale d\*(Aqun fichier image de la m\('emoire (\(Fo\ \&core\ \&\(Fc, en kilo octets) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +D\ \&: taille maximale du segment de donn\('ees d\*(Aqun programme (en kilo octets) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +F\ \&: taille maximale des fichiers (en kilo octets) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +K: file creation mask, set by +\fBumask\fR(2)\&. +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +I\ \&: valeur nice maximum (0\&.\&.39 qui sera traduit en 20\&.\&.\-19) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +L\ \&: nombre maximal de connexions simultan\('ees pour cet utilisateur +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +M\ \&: taille maximale de m\('emoire verrouill\('ee (\(Fo\ \&locked\-in\-memory\ \&\(Fc, en kilo octets) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +N\ \&: nombre maximal de fichiers ouverts +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +O\ \&: priorit\('e temps r\('eel maximale +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +P: process priority, set by +\fBsetpriority\fR(2)\&. +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +R\ \&: taille maximale de la m\('emoire r\('esidente (\(Fo\ \&resident set size\ \&\(Fc, en kilo octets) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +S\ \&: taille maximale de la pile (en kilo octets) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +T\ \&: temps processeur maximal consomm\('e (en minutes) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +U\ \&: nombre maximal de processus +.RE +.PP +For example, +\fIL2D2048N5\fR +is a valid +\fILIMITS_STRING\fR\&. For reading convenience, the following entries are equivalent: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + username L2D2048N5 + username L2 D2048 N5 + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.PP +Be aware that after +\fIusername\fR +the rest of the line is considered a limit string, thus comments are not allowed\&. An invalid limits string will be rejected (not considered) by the +\fBlogin\fR +program\&. +.PP +The default entry is denoted by username "\fI*\fR"\&. If you have multiple +\fIdefault\fR +entries in your +\fILIMITS_FILE\fR, then the last one will be used as the default entry\&. +.PP +The limits specified in the form "\fI@group\fR" apply to the members of the specified +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.PP +Si plusieurs lignes avec des limites pour un utilisateur existent, seule la premi\(`ere ligne pour cet utilisateur sera prise en compte\&. +.PP +If no lines are specified for a user, the last +\fI@group\fR +line matching a group whose the user is a member of will be considered, or the last line with default limits if no groups contain the user\&. +.PP +To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash "\fI\-\fR" will do\&. +.PP +To disable a limit for a user, a single dash "\fI\-\fR" can be used instead of the numerical value for this limit\&. +.PP +Notez \('egalement que les limites ne sont configur\('ees que PAR CONNEXION\&. Il n\*(Aqy a pas de limite globale ou permanente\&. Des limites globales pourraient voir le jour, mais pour l\*(Aqinstant, il faut faire sans\&. +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/limits +.RS 4 +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBsetpriority\fR(2), +\fBsetrlimit\fR(2)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man5/login.access.5 b/man/fr/man5/login.access.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..42ee60b --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man5/login.access.5 @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: login.access +.\" Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "LOGIN\&.ACCESS" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +login.access \- table de contr\(^ole des connexions +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fIlogin\&.access\fR +file specifies (user, host) combinations and/or (user, tty) combinations for which a login will be either accepted or refused\&. +.PP +When someone logs in, the +\fIlogin\&.access\fR +is scanned for the first entry that matches the (user, host) combination, or, in case of non\-networked logins, the first entry that matches the (user, tty) combination\&. The permissions field of that table entry determines whether the login will be accepted or refused\&. +.PP +Chaque ligne de la table de contr\(^ole des connexions (\(Fo\ \&login access control table\ \&\(Fc) est compos\('ee de trois champs s\('epar\('es par le caract\(`ere \(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc\ \&: +.PP +\fIpermission\fR:\fIusers\fR:\fIorigins\fR +.PP +The first field should be a "\fI+\fR" (access granted) or "\fI\-\fR" (access denied) character\&. The second field should be a list of one or more login names, group names, or +\fIALL\fR +(always matches)\&. The third field should be a list of one or more tty names (for non\-networked logins), host names, domain names (begin with "\&."), host addresses, internet network numbers (end with "\&."), +\fIALL\fR +(always matches) or +\fILOCAL\fR +(matches any string that does not contain a "\&." character)\&. If you run NIS you can use @netgroupname in host or user patterns\&. +.PP +The +\fIEXCEPT\fR +operator makes it possible to write very compact rules\&. +.PP +Le fichier d\*(Aqinformations sur les groupes (/etc/group) n\*(Aqest utilis\('e que lorsqu\*(Aqun nom ne correspond \(`a aucun des utilisateurs connect\('es\&. Seuls les groupes pour lesquels la liste des utilisateurs est sp\('ecifi\('ee sont utilis\('es\ \&: le programme ne recherche pas parmi les groupes primaires des utilisateurs\&. +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man5/login.defs.5 b/man/fr/man5/login.defs.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7b2424a --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man5/login.defs.5 @@ -0,0 +1,220 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: login.defs +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "LOGIN\&.DEFS" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +login.defs \- configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +/etc/login\&.defs +file defines the site\-specific configuration for the shadow password suite\&. This file is required\&. Absence of this file will not prevent system operation, but will probably result in undesirable operation\&. +.PP +Ce fichier est un fichier texte, dont chaque ligne d\('ecrit un param\(`etre de configuration\&. Les lignes consistent en un nom et une valeur, s\('epar\('es par une espace\&. Les lignes blanches et les lignes de commentaires sont ignor\('ees\&. Les commentaires commencent par un caract\(`ere \(Fo\ \&#\ \&\(Fc, qui doit \(^etre le premier caract\(`ere non blanc de la ligne\&. +.PP +Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and long numbers\&. A string is comprised of any printable characters\&. A boolean should be either the value +\fIyes\fR +or +\fIno\fR\&. An undefined boolean parameter or one with a value other than these will be given a +\fIno\fR +value\&. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal values, octal values (precede the value with +\fI0\fR) or hexadecimal values (precede the value with +\fI0x\fR)\&. The maximum value of the regular and long numeric parameters is machine\-dependent\&. +.PP +Les param\(`etres de configuration suivants sont fournis\ \&: +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR, +\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR +and +\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR +are only used at the time of account creation\&. Any changes to these settings won\*(Aqt affect existing accounts\&. +.SH "R\('EF\('ERENCES CROIS\('EES" +.PP +Les r\('ef\('erences crois\('ees ci\-dessous montrent quels sont les param\(`etres utilis\('es par les diff\('erents programmes de la suite shadow password\&. +.PP +chfn +.RS 4 +CHFN_AUTH +CHFN_RESTRICT +LOGIN_STRING +.RE +.PP +chgpasswd +.RS 4 +ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB +SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS +.RE +.PP +chpasswd +.RS 4 +ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB +SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS +.RE +.PP +chsh +.RS 4 +CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING +.RE +.PP +gpasswd +.RS 4 +ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB +SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS +.RE +.PP +groupadd +.RS 4 +GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN +.RE +.PP +groupdel +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +groupmems +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +groupmod +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +grpck +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +grpconv +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +grpunconv +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +lastlog +.RS 4 +LASTLOG_UID_MAX +.RE +.PP +login +.RS 4 +CONSOLE +CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME +ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ ENVIRON_FILE +ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY +FAILLOG_ENAB +FAKE_SHELL +FTMP_FILE +HUSHLOGIN_FILE +ISSUE_FILE +KILLCHAR +LASTLOG_ENAB LASTLOG_UID_MAX +LOGIN_RETRIES +LOGIN_STRING +LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB +MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB +TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE +ULIMIT UMASK +USERGROUPS_ENAB +.RE +.PP +newgrp / sg +.RS 4 +SYSLOG_SG_ENAB +.RE +.PP +newusers +.RS 4 +ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB HOME_MODE PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE +SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS +SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK +.RE +.PP +passwd +.RS 4 +ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN +SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS +.RE +.PP +pwck +.RS 4 +PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE +.RE +.PP +pwconv +.RS 4 +PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE +.RE +.PP +su +.RS 4 +CONSOLE +CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME +ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE +ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH +ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB +SULOG_FILE SU_NAME +SU_WHEEL_ONLY +SYSLOG_SU_ENAB +USERGROUPS_ENAB +.RE +.PP +sulogin +.RS 4 +ENV_HZ +ENV_TZ +.RE +.PP +useradd +.RS 4 +CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN HOME_MODE LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK +.RE +.PP +userdel +.RS 4 +MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB +.RE +.PP +usermod +.RS 4 +LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5), +\fBpam\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man5/passwd.5 b/man/fr/man5/passwd.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..989d092 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man5/passwd.5 @@ -0,0 +1,193 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: passwd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "PASSWD" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +passwd \- fichier des mots de passe +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +/etc/passwd +contains one line for each user account, with seven fields delimited by colons (\(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc)\&. These fields are: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +nom de connexion de l\*(Aqutilisateur (\(Fo\ \&login\ \&\(Fc) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +un mot de passe chiffr\('e optionnel +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +l\*(Aqidentifiant num\('erique de l\*(Aqutilisateur +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +l\*(Aqidentifiant num\('erique du groupe de l\*(Aqutilisateur +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +le nom complet de l\*(Aqutilisateur ou un champ de commentaires +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +le r\('epertoire personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes de l\*(Aqutilisateur (optionnel) +.RE +.PP +If the +\fIpassword\fR +field is a lower\-case +\(Fo\ \&x\ \&\(Fc, then the encrypted password is actually stored in the +\fBshadow\fR(5) +file instead; there +\fImust\fR +be a corresponding line in the +/etc/shadow +file, or else the user account is invalid\&. +.PP +The encrypted +\fIpassword\fR +field may be empty, in which case no password is required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the +/etc/passwd +file may decide not to permit +\fIany\fR +access at all if the +\fIpassword\fR +field is blank\&. +.PP +A +\fIpassword\fR +field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the +\fIpassword\fR +field before the password was locked\&. +.PP +Refer to +\fBcrypt\fR(3) +for details on how this string is interpreted\&. +.PP +If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of +\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)\&. +.PP +The comment field, also known as the gecos field, is used by various system utilities, such as +\fBfinger\fR(1)\&. The use of an ampersand here will be replaced by the capitalised login name when the field is used or displayed by such system utilities\&. +.PP +The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory\&. The +\fBlogin\fR +program uses this information to set the value of the +\fB$HOME\fR +environmental variable\&. +.PP +The command interpreter field provides the name of the user\*(Aqs command language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute\&. The +\fBlogin\fR +program uses this information to set the value of the +\fB$SHELL\fR +environmental variable\&. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value +/bin/sh\&. +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +un mot de passe chiffr\('e optionnel +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd\- +.RS 4 +Fichier de sauvegarde de /etc/passwd\&. +.sp +Notez que ce fichier est utilis\('e par les outils de la suite d\*(Aqoutils shadow, mais pas par tous les outils de gestion d\*(Aqutilisateurs et de mot de passes\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBcrypt\fR(3), +\fBgetent\fR(1), +\fBgetpwnam\fR(3), +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBpwck\fR(8), +\fBpwconv\fR(8), +\fBpwunconv\fR(8), +\fBshadow\fR(5), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man5/porttime.5 b/man/fr/man5/porttime.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b392067 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man5/porttime.5 @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: porttime +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "PORTTIME" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +porttime \- Fichier de configuration des droits d\*(Aqacc\(`es en fonction de la date et de l\*(Aqheure +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +\fIporttime\fR +contains a list of tty devices, user names, and permitted login times\&. +.PP +Chaque entr\('ee consiste en trois champs s\('epar\('es par un caract\(`ere deux\-points \(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc\&. Le premier champ est une liste de tty s\('epar\('es par des virgules, ou un ast\('erisque \(Fo\ \&*\ \&\(Fc pour indiquer que l\*(Aqentr\('ee correspond \(`a toutes les tty\&. Le second champ est une liste de noms d\*(Aqutilisateurs, ou un ast\('erisque pour indiquer que cette entr\('ee correspond \(`a n\*(Aqimporte quel utilisateur\&. Le troisi\(`eme champ est une liste d\*(Aqhoraires d\*(Aqacc\(`es autoris\('es\&. +.PP +Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, abbreviated +\fISu\fR, +\fIMo\fR, +\fITu\fR, +\fIWe\fR, +\fITh\fR, +\fIFr\fR, and +\fISa\fR, followed by a pair of times separated by a hyphen\&. The abbreviation +\fIWk\fR +may be used to represent Monday thru Friday, and +\fIAl\fR +may be used to indicate every day\&. If no days are given, +\fIAl\fR +is assumed\&. +.SH "EXEMPLES" +.PP +The following entry allows access to user +\fBjfh\fR +on every port during weekdays from 9am to 5pm\&. +.PP +*:jfh:Wk0900\-1700 +.PP +The following entries allow access only to the users +\fIroot\fR +and +\fIoper\fR +on +/dev/console +at any time\&. This illustrates how the +/etc/porttime +file is an ordered list of access times\&. Any other user would match the second entry which does not permit access at any time\&. +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + console:root,oper:Al0000\-2400 + console:*: + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.PP +The following entry allows access for the user +\fIgames\fR +on any port during non\-working hours\&. +.PP +*:games:Wk1700\-0900,SaSu0000\-2400 +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/porttime +.RS 4 +Fichier contenant le port d\*(Aqacc\(`es\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man5/shadow.5 b/man/fr/man5/shadow.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c482e8a --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man5/shadow.5 @@ -0,0 +1,148 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: shadow +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "SHADOW" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +shadow \- fichier des mots de passe cach\('es +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +shadow +is a file which contains the password information for the system\*(Aqs accounts and optional aging information\&. +.PP +Ce fichier ne doit pas \(^etre accessible en lecture par les utilisateurs normaux afin de maintenir la s\('ecurit\('e des mots de passe, en particuliers pour pr\('evenir les attaques par dictionnaires\&. +.PP +Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (\(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc), in the following order: +.PP +\fBnom de connexion de l\*(Aqutilisateur (\(Fo\ \&login\ \&\(Fc)\fR +.RS 4 +Ce doit \(^etre un nom de compte valable, qui existe sur le syst\(`eme\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBmot de passe chiffr\('e\fR +.RS 4 +This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the +/etc/shadow +file may decide not to permit any access at all if the password field is empty\&. +.sp +Un champ de mot de passe qui commence avec un point d\*(Aqexclamation indique que le mot de passe est bloqu\('e\&. Les caract\(`eres restants sur la ligne repr\('esentent le champ de mot de passe avant que le mot de passe n\*(Aqait \('et\('e bloqu\('e\&. +.sp +Refer to +\fBcrypt\fR(3) +for details on how this string is interpreted\&. +.sp +If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of +\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBdate du dernier changement de mot de passe\fR +.RS 4 +The date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC\&. +.sp +La valeur 0 a une signification particuli\(`ere\ \&: l\*(Aqutilisateur devra changer son mot de passe la prochaine fois qu\*(Aqil se connectera au syst\(`eme\&. +.sp +Un champ vide indique que les fonctionnalit\('es de vieillissement de mot de passe sont d\('esactiv\('ees\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\(^age minimum du mot de passe\fR +.RS 4 +L\*(Aq\(^age minimum du mot de passe est la dur\('ee (en jour) que l\*(Aqutilisateur devra attendre avant de pouvoir le changer de nouveau\&. +.sp +An empty field and value 0 mean that there is no minimum password age\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\(^age maximum du mot de passe\fR +.RS 4 +L\*(Aq\(^age maximum du mot de passe est la dur\('ee (en jour) apr\(`es laquelle l\*(Aqutilisateur devra changer son mot de passe\&. +.sp +Une fois cette dur\('ee \('ecoul\('ee, le mot de passe restera valable\&. Il sera demand\('e \(`a l\*(Aqutilisateur de le changer la prochaine fois qu\*(Aqil se connectera\&. +.sp +Un champ vide signifie qu\*(Aqil n\*(Aqy a pour le mot de passe aucune limite d\*(Aq\(^age, aucune p\('eriode d\*(Aqavertissement d\*(Aqexpiration et aucune p\('eriode d\*(Aqinactivit\('e (voir ci\-dessous)\&. +.sp +Si l\*(Aq\(^age maximum du mot de passe est plus petit que l\*(Aq\(^age minimum du mot de passe, l\*(Aqutilisateur ne pourra pas changer son mot de passe\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBp\('eriode d\*(Aqavertissement d\*(Aqexpiration du mot de passe\fR +.RS 4 +La dur\('ee (en jour) pendant laquelle l\*(Aqutilisateur sera averti avant que le mot de passe n\*(Aqexpire (voir l\*(Aq\(^age maximum du mot de passe ci\-dessus)\&. +.sp +Un champ vide ou une valeur de 0 signifie qu\*(Aqil n\*(Aqy aura pas de p\('eriode d\*(Aqavertissement d\*(Aqexpiration du mot de passe\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBp\('eriode d\*(Aqinactivit\('e du mot de passe\fR +.RS 4 +La dur\('ee (en jour) pendant laquelle le mot de passe sera quand m\(^eme accept\('e apr\(`es son expiration (voir l\*(Aq\(^age maximum du mot de passe ci\-dessus)\&. L\*(Aqutilisateur devra mettre \(`a jour son mot de passe \(`a la prochaine connexion\&. +.sp +After expiration of the password and this expiration period is elapsed, no login is possible for the user\&. The user should contact her administrator\&. +.sp +Un champ vide signifie qu\*(Aqaucune p\('eriode d\*(Aqinactivit\('e n\*(Aqest impos\('ee\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBdate de fin de validit\('e du compte\fR +.RS 4 +The date of expiration of the account, expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC\&. +.sp +Veuillez noter que l\*(Aqexpiration d\*(Aqun compte diff\(`ere de l\*(Aqexpiration d\*(Aqun mot de passe\&. En cas d\*(Aqexpiration d\*(Aqun compte, l\*(Aqutilisateur ne sera plus autoris\('e \(`a se connecter\&. En cas d\*(Aqexpiration d\*(Aqun mot de passe, l\*(Aqutilisateur n\*(Aqest pas autoris\('e \(`a se connecter en utilisant son mot de passe\&. +.sp +Un champ vide signifie que le compte n\*(Aqexpirera jamais\&. +.sp +La valeur 0 ne doit pas \(^etre utilis\('ee puisqu\*(Aqelle peut \(^etre interpr\('et\('ee soit comme un compte sans expiration, soit comme ayant expir\('e le 1er\ \&janvier\ \&1970\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBchamp r\('eserv\('e\fR +.RS 4 +Ce champ est r\('eserv\('e pour une utilisation future\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow\- +.RS 4 +Fichier de sauvegarde pour /etc/shadow\&. +.sp +Notez que ce fichier est utilis\('e par les outils de la suite d\*(Aqoutils shadow, mais pas par tous les outils de gestion d\*(Aqutilisateurs et de mot de passes\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBchage\fR(1), +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBpwck\fR(8), +\fBpwconv\fR(8), +\fBpwunconv\fR(8), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man5/suauth.5 b/man/fr/man5/suauth.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f9f3261 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man5/suauth.5 @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: suauth +.\" Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "SUAUTH" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +suauth \- Fichier de contr\(^ole d\('etaill\('e de su +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fB/etc/suauth\fR\ 'u +\fB/etc/suauth\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The file +/etc/suauth +is referenced whenever the su command is called\&. It can change the behaviour of the su command, based upon: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + 1) the user su is targeting + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.PP +2) l\*(Aqutilisateur qui ex\('ecute la commande su (ou un groupe dont il est membre) +.PP +Le fichier est format\('e de la fa\(,con suivante (les lignes commen\(,cant par un \(Fo\ \&#\ \&\(Fc sont des commentaires, et sont ignor\('ees)\ \&: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + to\-id:from\-id:ACTION + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.PP +Where to\-id is either the word +\fIALL\fR, a list of usernames delimited by "," or the words +\fIALL EXCEPT\fR +followed by a list of usernames delimited by ","\&. +.PP +from\-id is formatted the same as to\-id except the extra word +\fIGROUP\fR +is recognized\&. +\fIALL EXCEPT GROUP\fR +is perfectly valid too\&. Following +\fIGROUP\fR +appears one or more group names, delimited by ","\&. It is not sufficient to have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in +\fB/etc/group\fR(5) +is necessary\&. +.PP +Les valeurs d\*(AqACTION valables sont\ \&: +.PP +\fIDENY\fR +.RS 4 +La tentative de changement d\*(Aqutilisateur est arr\(^et\('ee avant que le mot de passe ne soit demand\('e\&. +.RE +.PP +\fINOPASS\fR +.RS 4 +La tentative est automatiquement r\('eussie\&. Aucun mot de passe n\*(Aqest demand\('e\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIOWNPASS\fR +.RS 4 +Pour que la commande su soit r\('eussie, l\*(Aqutilisateur doit entrer son propre mot de passe\&. Ceci lui est demand\('e\&. +.RE +.PP +Notez qu\*(Aqil y a trois champs s\('epar\('es par un \(Fo\ \&deux\-points\ \&\(Fc\&. Ne pas accoler d\*(Aqespace \(`a ce \(Fo\ \&deux\-points\ \&\(Fc\&. Notez aussi que le fichier est examin\('e s\('equentiellement ligne par ligne, et que la premi\(`ere r\(`egle applicable est utilis\('ee sans que le reste du fichier ne soit examin\('e\&. Ceci permet \(`a l\*(Aqadministrateur syst\(`eme de d\('efinir un contr\(^ole aussi fin qu\*(Aqil le souhaite\&. +.SH "EXEMPLE" +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + # sample /etc/suauth file + # + # A couple of privileged usernames may + # su to root with their own password\&. + # + root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS + # + # Anyone else may not su to root unless in + # group wheel\&. This is how BSD does things\&. + # + root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY + # + # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts + # owned by the same person\&. + # Access can be arranged between them + # with no password\&. + # + terry:birddog:NOPASS + birddog:terry:NOPASS + # + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/suauth +.RS 4 +.RE +.SH "BOGUES" +.PP +Il en reste sans doute beaucoup\&. L\*(Aqanalyseur du fichier est particuli\(`erement impitoyable avec les erreurs de syntaxe\&. Il n\*(Aqautorise d\*(Aqespace qu\*(Aqen d\('ebut et fin de ligne, et seul le d\('elimiteur sp\('ecifique doit \(^etre utilis\('e\&. +.SH "DIAGNOSTICS" +.PP +An error parsing the file is reported using +\fBsyslogd\fR(8) +as level ERR on facility AUTH\&. +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBsu\fR(1)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man5/subgid.5 b/man/fr/man5/subgid.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e564095 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man5/subgid.5 @@ -0,0 +1,120 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: subgid +.\" Author: Eric Biederman +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "SUBGID" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +subgid \- the configuration for subordinate group ids +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +Subgid authorizes a group id to map ranges of group ids from its namespace into child namespaces\&. +.PP +The delegation of the subordinate gids can be configured via the +\fIsubid\fR +field in +/etc/nsswitch\&.conf +file\&. Only one value can be set as the delegation source\&. Setting this field to +\fIfiles\fR +configures the delegation of gids to +/etc/subgid\&. Setting any other value treats the delegation as a plugin following with a name of the form +\fIlibsubid_$value\&.so\fR\&. If the value or plugin is missing, then the subordinate gid delegation falls back to +\fIfiles\fR\&. +.PP +Note, that +\fBgroupadd\fR +will only create entries in +/etc/subgid +if subid delegation is managed via subid files\&. +.SH "LOCAL SUBORDINATE DELEGATION" +.PP +Each line in +/etc/subgid +contains a user name and a range of subordinate group ids that user is allowed to use\&. This is specified with three fields delimited by colons (\(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc)\&. These fields are: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +login name or UID +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +numerical subordinate group ID +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +numerical subordinate group ID count +.RE +.PP +This file specifies the group IDs that ordinary users can use, with the +\fBnewgidmap\fR +command, to configure gid mapping in a user namespace\&. +.PP +Multiple ranges may be specified per user\&. +.PP +When large number of entries (10000\-100000 or more) are defined in +/etc/subgid, parsing performance penalty will become noticeable\&. In this case it is recommended to use UIDs instead of login names\&. Benchmarks have shown speed\-ups up to 20x\&. +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +IDs des groupes subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subgid\- +.RS 4 +Backup file for /etc/subgid\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBnewgidmap\fR(1), +\fBnewuidmap\fR(1), +\fBnewusers\fR(8), +\fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8), +\fBuser_namespaces\fR(7)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man5/subuid.5 b/man/fr/man5/subuid.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c5c6387 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man5/subuid.5 @@ -0,0 +1,120 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: subuid +.\" Author: Eric Biederman +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "SUBUID" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +subuid \- the configuration for subordinate user ids +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +Subuid authorizes a user id to map ranges of user ids from its namespace into child namespaces\&. +.PP +The delegation of the subordinate uids can be configured via the +\fIsubid\fR +field in +/etc/nsswitch\&.conf +file\&. Only one value can be set as the delegation source\&. Setting this field to +\fIfiles\fR +configures the delegation of uids to +/etc/subuid\&. Setting any other value treats the delegation as a plugin following with a name of the form +\fIlibsubid_$value\&.so\fR\&. If the value or plugin is missing, then the subordinate uid delegation falls back to +\fIfiles\fR\&. +.PP +Note, that +\fBuseradd\fR +will only create entries in +/etc/subuid +if subid delegation is managed via subid files\&. +.SH "LOCAL SUBORDINATE DELEGATION" +.PP +Each line in +/etc/subuid +contains a user name and a range of subordinate user ids that user is allowed to use\&. This is specified with three fields delimited by colons (\(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc)\&. These fields are: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +login name or UID +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +numerical subordinate user ID +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +numerical subordinate user ID count +.RE +.PP +This file specifies the user IDs that ordinary users can use, with the +\fBnewuidmap\fR +command, to configure uid mapping in a user namespace\&. +.PP +Multiple ranges may be specified per user\&. +.PP +When large number of entries (10000\-100000 or more) are defined in +/etc/subuid, parsing performance penalty will become noticeable\&. In this case it is recommended to use UIDs instead of login names\&. Benchmarks have shown speed\-ups up to 20x\&. +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +IDs de utilisateurs subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subuid\- +.RS 4 +Backup file for /etc/subuid\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBnewgidmap\fR(1), +\fBnewuidmap\fR(1), +\fBnewusers\fR(1), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8), +\fBuser_namespaces\fR(7)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/chgpasswd.8 b/man/fr/man8/chgpasswd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5fd05f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/chgpasswd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,136 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chgpasswd +.\" Author: Thomas K\(/loczko <kloczek@pld.org.pl> +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "CHGPASSWD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +chgpasswd \- Mettre \(`a jour par lot des mots de passe des groupes +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBchgpasswd\fR\ 'u +\fBchgpasswd\fR [\fIoptions\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBchgpasswd\fR +command reads a list of group name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a set of existing groups\&. Each line is of the format: +.PP +\fIgroup_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR +.PP +By default the supplied password must be in clear\-text, and is encrypted by +\fBchgpasswd\fR\&. +.PP +The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +variable of +/etc/login\&.defs, and can be overwritten with the +\fB\-e\fR, +\fB\-m\fR, or +\fB\-c\fR +options\&. +.PP +Cette commande est destin\('ee aux gros syst\(`emes pour lesquels un nombre importants de comptes sont cr\('e\('es en une seule fois\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchgpasswd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR +.RS 4 +Utiliser la m\('ethode pr\('ecis\('ee pour chiffrer les mots de passe\&. +.sp +Les m\('ethodes disponibles sont DES, MD5, NONE et SHA256 ou SHA512 si votre libc prend en charge ces m\('ethodes\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR +.RS 4 +Indiquer que les mots de passe fournis sont chiffr\('es\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-md5\fR +.RS 4 +Permettre d\*(Aqutiliser le chiffrement MD5, plut\(^ot que DES, lorsque les mots de passe fournis ne sont pas chiffr\('es\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR +.RS 4 +Utiliser le nombre de rounds pr\('ecis\('e pour chiffrer les mots de passe\&. +.sp +La valeur 0 signifie que le syst\(`eme choisira la valeur par d\('efaut du nombre de rounds pour la m\('ethode de chiffrement (5\ \&000)\&. +.sp +Une valeur minimale de 1\ \&000 et une valeur maximale de 999\ \&999\ \&999 seront impos\('ees\&. +.sp +Vous ne pouvez utiliser cette m\('ethode qu\*(Aqavec les m\('ethodes de chiffrement SHA256 ou SHA512\&. +.sp +By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +Pensez \(`a configurer les permissions ou umask afin d\*(Aqemp\(^echer la lecture des fichiers non chiffr\('es par les d\*(Aqautres utilisateurs\&. +.PP +Vous devez vous assurer que les mots de passe et la m\('ethode de chiffrement respectent la politique de mot de passe du syst\(`eme\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBgpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/chpasswd.8 b/man/fr/man8/chpasswd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b31a73b --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/chpasswd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,156 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chpasswd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "CHPASSWD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +chpasswd \- Mettre \(`a jour des mots de passe par lot +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBchpasswd\fR\ 'u +\fBchpasswd\fR [\fIoptions\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBchpasswd\fR +command reads a list of user name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing users\&. Each line is of the format: +.PP +\fIuser_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR +.PP +By default the passwords must be supplied in clear\-text, and are encrypted by +\fBchpasswd\fR\&. Also the password age will be updated, if present\&. +.PP +The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +or +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variables of +/etc/login\&.defs, and can be overwritten with the +\fB\-e\fR, +\fB\-m\fR, or +\fB\-c\fR +options\&. +.PP +\fBchpasswd\fR +first updates all the passwords in memory, and then commits all the changes to disk if no errors occurred for any user\&. +.PP +Cette commande est destin\('ee aux gros syst\(`emes pour lesquels un nombre importants de comptes sont cr\('e\('es en une seule fois\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchpasswd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR\ \&\fIMETHOD\fR +.RS 4 +Utiliser la m\('ethode pr\('ecis\('ee pour chiffrer les mots de passe\&. +.sp +Les m\('ethodes disponibles sont DES, MD5, NONE et SHA256 ou SHA512 si votre libc prend en charge ces m\('ethodes\&. +.sp +By default (if none of the +\fB\-c\fR, +\fB\-m\fR, or +\fB\-e\fR +options are specified), the encryption method is defined by the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +or +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variables of +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR +.RS 4 +Indiquer que les mots de passe fournis sont chiffr\('es\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-md5\fR +.RS 4 +Permettre d\*(Aqutiliser le chiffrement MD5, plut\(^ot que DES, lorsque les mots de passe fournis ne sont pas chiffr\('es\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR\ \&\fIROUNDS\fR +.RS 4 +Utiliser le nombre de rounds pr\('ecis\('e pour chiffrer les mots de passe\&. +.sp +La valeur 0 signifie que le syst\(`eme choisira la valeur par d\('efaut du nombre de rounds pour la m\('ethode de chiffrement (5\ \&000)\&. +.sp +Une valeur minimale de 1\ \&000 et une valeur maximale de 999\ \&999\ \&999 seront impos\('ees\&. +.sp +Vous ne pouvez utiliser cette m\('ethode qu\*(Aqavec les m\('ethodes de chiffrement SHA256 ou SHA512\&. +.sp +By default, the number of rounds is defined by the +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +and +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR +variables in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +Pensez \(`a configurer les permissions ou umask afin d\*(Aqemp\(^echer la lecture des fichiers non chiffr\('es par les d\*(Aqautres utilisateurs\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: + +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBnewusers\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/faillog.8 b/man/fr/man8/faillog.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a558b3b --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/faillog.8 @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: faillog +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "FAILLOG" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +faillog \- Examiner le fichier faillog, et configurer les limites d\*(Aq\('echecs de connexion +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBfaillog\fR\ 'u +\fBfaillog\fR [\fIoptions\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +\fBfaillog\fR +displays the contents of the failure log database (/var/log/faillog)\&. It can also set the failure counters and limits\&. When +\fBfaillog\fR +is run without arguments, it only displays the faillog records of the users who had a login failure\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBfaillog\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR +.RS 4 +Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the +faillog +database\&. +.sp +The range of users can be restricted with the +\fB\-u\fR +option\&. +.sp +En mode affichage, toujours limit\('ee aux utilisateurs existants, mais l\*(Aqaffichage des entr\('ees d\*(Aqerreur de connexion est impos\('e m\(^eme si elles sont vides\&. +.sp +With the +\fB\-l\fR, +\fB\-m\fR, +\fB\-r\fR, +\fB\-t\fR +options, the users\*(Aq records are changed, even if the user does not exist on the system\&. This is useful to reset records of users that have been deleted or to set a policy in advance for a range of users\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\-secs\fR\ \&\fISEC\fR +.RS 4 +Lock account for +\fISEC\fR +seconds after failed login\&. +.sp +Write access to +/var/log/faillog +is required for this option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-maximum\fR\ \&\fIMAX\fR +.RS 4 +Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to +\fIMAX\fR\&. +.sp +Selecting a +\fIMAX\fR +value of 0 has the effect of not placing a limit on the number of failed logins\&. +.sp +The maximum failure count should always be 0 for +\fIroot\fR +to prevent a denial of services attack against the system\&. +.sp +Write access to +/var/log/faillog +is required for this option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-reset\fR +.RS 4 +Remettre \(`a z\('ero le compteur d\*(Aq\('echecs de connexion\&. +.sp +Write access to +/var/log/faillog +is required for this option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Display faillog records more recent than +\fIDAYS\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR +.RS 4 +Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used with +\fB\-l\fR, +\fB\-m\fR +or +\fB\-r\fR +options) only for the specified user(s)\&. +.sp +The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a +\fIRANGE\fR +of users\&. This +\fIRANGE\fR +of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&. +.RE +.PP +When none of the +\fB\-l\fR, +\fB\-m\fR, or +\fB\-r\fR +options are used, +\fBfaillog\fR +displays the faillog record of the specified user(s)\&. +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +\fBfaillog\fR +only prints out users with no successful login since the last failure\&. To print out a user who has had a successful login since their last failure, you must explicitly request the user with the +\fB\-u\fR +flag, or print out all users with the +\fB\-a\fR +flag\&. +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/var/log/faillog +.RS 4 +Journal des \('echecs de connexion\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBfaillog\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/groupadd.8 b/man/fr/man8/groupadd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b1d0816 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/groupadd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,235 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groupadd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "GROUPADD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +groupadd \- Cr\('eer un nouveau groupe +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBgroupadd\fR\ 'u +\fBgroupadd\fR [\fIOPTIONS\fR] \fINEWGROUP\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBgroupadd\fR +command creates a new group account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. The new group will be entered into the system files as needed\&. +.PP +Groupnames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes\&. They can end with a dollar sign\&. Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the groupname\&. Fully numeric groupnames and groupnames \&. or \&.\&. are also disallowed\&. +.PP +Groupnames may only be up to 32 characters long\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgroupadd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR +.RS 4 +This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the specified group already exists\&. When used with +\fB\-g\fR, and the specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i\&.e\&. +\fB\-g\fR +is turned off)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR +.RS 4 +The numerical value of the group\*(Aqs ID\&. +\fIGID\fR +must be unique, unless the +\fB\-o\fR +option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to +\fBGID_MIN\fR +and greater than every other group\&. +.sp +See also the +\fB\-r\fR +option and the +\fBGID_MAX\fR +description\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR +.RS 4 +Overrides +/etc/login\&.defs +defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others)\&. Multiple +\fB\-K\fR +options can be specified\&. +.sp +Example: +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI100\fR\ \& +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR +.sp +Note: +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI10\fR,\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR +doesn\*(Aqt work yet\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR +.RS 4 +permits the creation of a group with an already used numerical ID\&. As a result, for this +\fIGID\fR, the mapping towards group +\fINEWGROUP\fR +may not be unique\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR +.RS 4 +defines an initial password for the group account\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by +\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&. +.sp +Without this option, the group account will be locked and with no password defined, i\&.e\&. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of ths system account file +/etc/group +or +/etc/gshadow\&. +.sp +\fBNote:\fR +This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&. +.sp +Il est n\('ecessaire de v\('erifier si le mot de passe respecte la politique de mots de passe du syst\(`eme\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR +.RS 4 +Cr\('eer un groupe syst\(`eme\&. +.sp +The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the +\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR +range, defined in +login\&.defs, instead of +\fBGID_MIN\fR\-\fBGID_MAX\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-users\fR +.RS 4 +A list of usernames to add as members of the group\&. +.sp +The default behavior (if the +\fB\-g\fR, +\fB\-N\fR, and +\fB\-U\fR +options are not specified) is defined by the +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +variable in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +Vous ne pouvez pas ajouter d\*(Aqutilisateur \(`a un groupe NIS ou LDAP\&. Cela doit \(^etre effectu\('e sur le serveur correspondant\&. +.PP +If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS or LDAP, +\fBgroupadd\fR +will deny the group creation request\&. +.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR" +.PP +The +\fBgroupadd\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +invalid argument to option +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +GID is already used (when called without +\fB\-o\fR) +.RE +.PP +\fI9\fR +.RS 4 +group name is already used +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/groupdel.8 b/man/fr/man8/groupdel.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..40cb607 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/groupdel.8 @@ -0,0 +1,135 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groupdel +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "GROUPDEL" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +groupdel \- Supprimer un groupe +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBgroupdel\fR\ 'u +\fBgroupdel\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fIGROUPE\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBgroupdel\fR +command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to +\fIGROUP\fR\&. The named group must exist\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgroupdel\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR +.RS 4 +This option forces the removal of the group, even if there\*(Aqs some user having the group as the primary one\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +Vous ne pouvez pas supprimer le groupe primaire d\*(Aqun utilisateur existant\&. Vous devez supprimer l\*(Aqutilisateur auparavant\&. +.PP +Vous devriez v\('erifier vous\-m\(^eme qu\*(Aqaucun fichier poss\('ed\('e par le groupe ne subsiste sur tous les syst\(`emes de fichiers\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR" +.PP +The +\fBgroupdel\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI8\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt remove user\*(Aqs primary group +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/groupmems.8 b/man/fr/man8/groupmems.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b02ff16 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/groupmems.8 @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groupmems +.\" Author: George Kraft, IV +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "GROUPMEMS" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +groupmems \- Administrer les membres du groupe primaire d\*(Aqun utilisateur +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBgroupmems\fR\ 'u +\fBgroupmems\fR \-a\ \fIuser_name\fR | \-d\ \fIuser_name\fR | [\-g\ \fIgroup_name\fR] | \-l | \-p +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBgroupmems\fR +command allows a user to administer their own group membership list without the requirement of superuser privileges\&. The +\fBgroupmems\fR +utility is for systems that configure its users to be in their own name sake primary group (i\&.e\&., guest / guest)\&. +.PP +Only the superuser, as administrator, can use +\fBgroupmems\fR +to alter the memberships of other groups\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgroupmems\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR +.RS 4 +Ajouter un utilisateur \(`a la liste des membres du groupe\&. +.sp +If the +/etc/gshadow +file exist, and the group has no entry in the +/etc/gshadow +file, a new entry will be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR +.RS 4 +Supprimer un utilisateur de la liste des membres du groupe\&. +.sp +If the +/etc/gshadow +file exist, the user will be removed from the list of members and administrators of the group\&. +.sp +If the +/etc/gshadow +file exist, and the group has no entry in the +/etc/gshadow +file, a new entry will be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR\ \&\fIgroup_name\fR +.RS 4 +Le superutilisateur peut pr\('eciser la liste des membres du groupe \(`a modifier\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher la liste des membres du groupe\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-purge\fR +.RS 4 +Supprimer tous les utilisateurs de la liste des membres du groupe\&. +.sp +If the +/etc/gshadow +file exist, and the group has no entry in the +/etc/gshadow +file, a new entry will be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The +\fBgroupmems\fR +executable should be in mode +2710 +as user +\fIroot\fR +and in group +\fIgroups\fR\&. The system administrator can add users to group +\fIgroups\fR +to allow or disallow them using the +\fBgroupmems\fR +utility to manage their own group membership list\&. +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + $ groupadd \-r groups + $ chmod 2710 groupmems + $ chown root\&.groups groupmems + $ groupmems \-g groups \-a gk4 + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +informations cach\('ees sur les groupes +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/groupmod.8 b/man/fr/man8/groupmod.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..763b777 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/groupmod.8 @@ -0,0 +1,237 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groupmod +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "GROUPMOD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +groupmod \- Modifier la d\('efinition d\*(Aqun groupe du syst\(`eme +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBgroupmod\fR\ 'u +\fBgroupmod\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fIGROUPE\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBgroupmod\fR +command modifies the definition of the specified +\fIGROUP\fR +by modifying the appropriate entry in the group database\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgroupmod\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR +.RS 4 +If group members are specified with \-U, append them to the existing member list, rather than replacing it\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR +.RS 4 +The group ID of the given +\fIGROUP\fR +will be changed to +\fIGID\fR\&. +.sp +The value of +\fIGID\fR +must be a non\-negative decimal integer\&. This value must be unique, unless the +\fB\-o\fR +option is used\&. +.sp +Les utilisateurs qui utilisent ce groupe comme groupe primaire seront mis \(`a jour pour garder le groupe comme groupe primaire\&. +.sp +Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to +\fIGROUP\fR, must have their group ID changed manually\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to the +\fBGID_MIN\fR, +\fBGID_MAX\fR, +\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR, or +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR +from +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-new\-name\fR\ \&\fINEW_GROUP\fR +.RS 4 +The name of the group will be changed from +\fIGROUP\fR +to +\fINEW_GROUP\fR +name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR +.RS 4 +When used with the +\fB\-g\fR +option, allow to change the group +\fIGID\fR +to a non\-unique value\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR +.RS 4 +The encrypted password, as returned by +\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&. +.sp +\fBNote:\fR +This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&. +.sp +Il est n\('ecessaire de v\('erifier si le mot de passe respecte la politique de mots de passe du syst\(`eme\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-users\fR +.RS 4 +A list of usernames to add as members of the group\&. +.sp +The default behavior (if the +\fB\-g\fR, +\fB\-N\fR, and +\fB\-U\fR +options are not specified) is defined by the +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +variable in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR" +.PP +The +\fBgroupmod\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +E_SUCCESS: success +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +E_USAGE: invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +E_BAD_ARG: invalid argument to option +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +E_GID_IN_USE: group id already in use +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +E_NOTFOUND: specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI9\fR +.RS 4 +E_NAME_IN_USE: group name already in use +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +E_GRP_UPDATE: can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.PP +\fI11\fR +.RS 4 +E_CLEANUP_SERVICE: can\*(Aqt setup cleanup service +.RE +.PP +\fI12\fR +.RS 4 +E_PAM_USERNAME: can\*(Aqt determine your username for use with pam +.RE +.PP +\fI13\fR +.RS 4 +E_PAM_ERROR: pam returned an error, see syslog facility id groupmod for the PAM error message +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/grpck.8 b/man/fr/man8/grpck.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0bc46ef --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/grpck.8 @@ -0,0 +1,240 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: grpck +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "GRPCK" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +grpck \- V\('erifier l\*(Aqint\('egrit\('e des fichiers d\*(Aqadministration des groupes +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBgrpck\fR\ 'u +\fBgrpck\fR [options] [\fIgroupe\fR\ [\ \fIshadow\fR\ ]] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBgrpck\fR +command verifies the integrity of the groups information\&. It checks that all entries in +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow +have the proper format and contain valid data\&. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors\&. +.PP +Voici les v\('erifications effectu\('ees\ \&: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +nombre correct de champs\ \&; +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +unicit\('e et validit\('e des noms de groupe\ \&; +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +a valid group identifier +(/etc/group only) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +a valid list of members +and administrators +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +a corresponding entry in the +/etc/gshadow +file (respectively +/etc/group +for the +gshadow +checks) +.RE +.PP +The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal\&. If an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line\&. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed\&. An entry with a duplicated group name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made\&. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the +\fBgroupmod\fR +command to correct the error\&. +.PP +The commands which operate on the +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow files +are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries\&. +\fBgrpck\fR +should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entries\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The +\fB\-r\fR +and +\fB\-s\fR +options cannot be combined\&. +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgrpck\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR +.RS 4 +Execute the +\fBgrpck\fR +command in read\-only mode\&. This causes all questions regarding changes to be answered +\fIno\fR +without user intervention\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR +.RS 4 +Sort entries in +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow +by GID\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-silence\-warnings\fR +.RS 4 +Suppress more controversial warnings, in particular warnings about inconsistency between group members listed in +/etc/group +and +/etc/ghadow\&. +.RE +.PP +By default, +\fBgrpck\fR +operates on +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow\&. The user may select alternate files with the +\fIgroup\fR +and \fIshadow\fR parameters\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR" +.PP +The +\fBgrpck\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +one or more bad group entries +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt open group files +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt lock group files +.RE +.PP +\fI5\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group files +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBgroup\fR(5), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBgshadow\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBpwck\fR(8), +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/grpconv.8 b/man/fr/man8/grpconv.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6eed9e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/grpconv.8 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man8/pwconv.8 diff --git a/man/fr/man8/grpunconv.8 b/man/fr/man8/grpunconv.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6eed9e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/grpunconv.8 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man8/pwconv.8 diff --git a/man/fr/man8/lastlog.8 b/man/fr/man8/lastlog.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c3059d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/lastlog.8 @@ -0,0 +1,134 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: lastlog +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "LASTLOG" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +lastlog \- signaler les connexions les plus r\('ecentes de tous les utilisateurs ou d\*(Aqun utilisateur donn\('e +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBlastlog\fR\ 'u +\fBlastlog\fR [\fIoptions\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +\fBlastlog\fR +formats and prints the contents of the last login log +/var/log/lastlog +file\&. The +\fIlogin\-name\fR, +\fIport\fR, and +\fIlast login time\fR +will be printed\&. The default (no flags) causes lastlog entries to be printed, sorted by their order in +/etc/passwd\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBlastlog\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-before\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Print only lastlog records older than +\fIDAYS\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-C\fR, \fB\-\-clear\fR +.RS 4 +Clear lastlog record of a user\&. This option can be used only together with +\fB\-u\fR +(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-set\fR +.RS 4 +Set lastlog record of a user to the current time\&. This option can be used only together with +\fB\-u\fR +(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Print the lastlog records more recent than +\fIDAYS\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR +.RS 4 +N\*(Aqafficher que les entr\('ees correspondant aux utilisateurs indiqu\('es\&. +.sp +The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a +\fIRANGE\fR +of users\&. This +\fIRANGE\fR +of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&. +.RE +.PP +If the user has never logged in the message +\fI** Never logged in**\fR +will be displayed instead of the port and time\&. +.PP +Seules les entr\('ees pour les utilisateurs actuels du syst\(`eme seront affich\('ees\&. D\*(Aqautres entr\('ees peuvent exister pour les utilisateurs supprim\('es pr\('ec\('edemment\&. +.SH "NOTE" +.PP +The +lastlog +file is a database which contains info on the last login of each user\&. You should not rotate it\&. It is a sparse file, so its size on the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown by "\fBls \-l\fR" (which can indicate a really big file if you have in +passwd +users with a high UID)\&. You can display its real size with "\fBls \-s\fR"\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/var/log/lastlog +.RS 4 +Base de donn\('ees de l\*(Aqheure des connexions pr\('ec\('edentes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +S\*(Aqil y a des trous importants dans les valeurs des UID, +\fBlastlog\fR +s\*(Aqex\('ecutera plus lentement, sans affichage \(`a l\*(Aq\('ecran (par exemple, s\*(Aqil n\*(Aqy a pas d\*(Aqentr\('ee pour les utilisateurs ayant un UID compris entre 170 et 800 dans base de donn\('ees lastlog, le programme lastlog semblera bloqu\('e comme s\*(Aqil traitait les entr\('ees correspondant aux UID 171 \(`a 799)\&. +.PP +Having high UIDs can create problems when handling the +<term> /var/log/lastlog</term> +with external tools\&. Although the actual file is sparse and does not use too much space, certain applications are not designed to identify sparse files by default and may require a specific option to handle them\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/logoutd.8 b/man/fr/man8/logoutd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..89caea3 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/logoutd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: logoutd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "LOGOUTD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +logoutd \- Imposer les restrictions de connexion dans le temps +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBlogoutd\fR\ 'u +\fBlogoutd\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +\fBlogoutd\fR +enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in +/etc/porttime\&. +\fBlogoutd\fR +should be started from +/etc/rc\&. The +/var/run/utmp +file is scanned periodically and each user name is checked to see if the named user is permitted on the named port at the current time\&. Any login session which is violating the restrictions in +/etc/porttime +is terminated\&. +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/porttime +.RS 4 +Fichier contenant le port d\*(Aqacc\(`es\&. +.RE +.PP +/var/run/utmp +.RS 4 +Liste des sessions de connexion en cours\&. +.RE diff --git a/man/fr/man8/newusers.8 b/man/fr/man8/newusers.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e71f59c --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/newusers.8 @@ -0,0 +1,236 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: newusers +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "NEWUSERS" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +newusers \- Mettre \(`a jour, ou cr\('eer de nouveaux utilisateurs par lots +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBnewusers\fR\ 'u +\fBnewusers\fR [\fIoptions\fR] [\fIfichier\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBnewusers\fR +command reads a +\fIfile\fR +(or the standard input by default) and uses this information to update a set of existing users or to create new users\&. Each line is in the same format as the standard password file (see +\fBpasswd\fR(5)) with the exceptions explained below: +.PP +pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell +.PP +\fIpw_name\fR +.RS 4 +C\*(Aqest le nom de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.sp +It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or a user created before by +\fBnewusers\fR)\&. In case of an existing user, the user\*(Aqs information will be changed, otherwise a new user will be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_passwd\fR +.RS 4 +Ce champ sera chiffr\('e et utilis\('e comme nouvelle valeur du mot de passe chiffr\('e\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_uid\fR +.RS 4 +Ce champ est utilis\('e pour d\('efinir l\*(AqUID de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.sp +If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +Si ce champ contient un nombre, ce nombre sera utilis\('e comme UID\&. +.sp +If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of a user created before by +\fBnewusers\fR), the UID of the specified user will be used\&. +.sp +Si l\*(AqUID d\*(Aqun utilisateur existant est modifi\('e, vous devrez configurer vous\-m\(^eme le propri\('etaire des fichiers de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_gid\fR +.RS 4 +Ce champ est utilis\('e pour d\('efinir l\*(Aqidentifiant du groupe primaire de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.sp +If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created before by +\fBnewusers\fR), the GID of this group will be used as the primary group ID for the user\&. +.sp +Si ce champ est un nombre, ce nombre sera utilis\('e comme identifiant de groupe primaire de cet utilisateur\&. Si aucun groupe n\*(Aqexiste avec ce GID, un nouveau groupe sera cr\('e\('e avec ce GID et le nom de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.sp +If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the user and a GID will be automatically defined by +\fBnewusers\fR +to be used as the primary group ID for the user and as the GID for the new group\&. +.sp +If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not created before by +\fBnewusers\fR), a new group will be created with the specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by +\fBnewusers\fR +to be used as the primary group ID for the user and GID for the new group\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_gecos\fR +.RS 4 +Ce champ est copi\('e dans le champ GECOS de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_dir\fR +.RS 4 +Ce champ est utilis\('e pour d\('efinir le r\('epertoire personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.sp +If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or updated and its primary group\&. Note that +\fInewusers does not create parent directories \fR +of the new user\*(Aqs home directory\&. The newusers command will fail to create the home directory if the parent directories do not exist, and will send a message to stderr informing the user of the failure\&. The newusers command will not halt or return a failure to the calling shell if it fails to create the home directory, it will continue to process the batch of new users specified\&. +.sp +If the home directory of an existing user is changed, +\fBnewusers\fR +does not move or copy the content of the old directory to the new location\&. This should be done manually\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_shell\fR +.RS 4 +Ce champ d\('efinit l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commande de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. Aucune v\('erification n\*(Aqest effectu\('ee sur ce champ\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBnewusers\fR +first tries to create or change all the specified users, and then write these changes to the user or group databases\&. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to the databases), no changes are committed to the databases\&. +.PP +Cette commande a \('et\('e con\(,cue pour les gros syst\(`emes pour lesquels un grand nombre de comptes sont mis \(`a jour en m\(^eme temps\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBnewusers\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \& +.RS 4 +Allow names that do not conform to standards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR +.RS 4 +Utiliser la m\('ethode pr\('ecis\('ee pour chiffrer les mots de passe\&. +.sp +Les m\('ethodes disponibles sont DES, MD5, NONE et SHA256 ou SHA512 si votre libc prend en charge ces m\('ethodes\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR +.RS 4 +Cr\('eer un compte syst\(`eme\&. +.sp +System users will be created with no aging information in +/etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR +range, defined in +login\&.defs, instead of +\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR +(and their +\fBGID\fR +counterparts for the creation of groups)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR +.RS 4 +Utiliser le nombre de rounds pr\('ecis\('e pour chiffrer les mots de passe\&. +.sp +La valeur 0 signifie que le syst\(`eme choisira la valeur par d\('efaut du nombre de rounds pour la m\('ethode de chiffrement (5\ \&000)\&. +.sp +Une valeur minimale de 1\ \&000 et une valeur maximale de 999\ \&999\ \&999 seront impos\('ees\&. +.sp +Vous ne pouvez utiliser cette m\('ethode qu\*(Aqavec les m\('ethodes de chiffrement SHA256 ou SHA512\&. +.sp +By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +Le fichier d\*(Aqentr\('ee doit \(^etre correctement prot\('eg\('e puisqu\*(Aqil contient des mots de passe en clair\&. +.PP +Vous devez vous assurer que les mots de passe et la m\('ethode de chiffrement respectent la politique de mot de passe du syst\(`eme\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: + + + + + +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +IDs des groupes subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +IDs de utilisateurs subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/nologin.8 b/man/fr/man8/nologin.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4dbf3c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/nologin.8 @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: nologin +.\" Author: Nicolas Fran\(,cois <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net> +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "NOLOGIN" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +nologin \- refuser poliment une connexion +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBnologin\fR\ 'u +\fBnologin\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBnologin\fR +command displays a message that an account is not available and exits non\-zero\&. It is intended as a replacement shell field for accounts that have been disabled\&. +.PP +To disable all logins, investigate +\fBnologin\fR(5)\&. +.PP +If +\fBSSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND\fR +is populated it will be logged\&. +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBnologin\fR(5)\&. +.SH "HISTORIQUE" +.PP +The +\fBnologin\fR +command appeared in BSD 4\&.4\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/pwck.8 b/man/fr/man8/pwck.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..64c3473 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/pwck.8 @@ -0,0 +1,314 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: pwck +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "PWCK" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +pwck \- verify the integrity of password files +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBpwck\fR\ 'u +\fBpwck\fR [options] [\fIPASSWORDFILE\fR\ [\ \fISHADOWFILE\fR\ ]] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBpwck\fR +command verifies the integrity of the users and authentication information\&. It checks that all entries in +/etc/passwd +and +/etc/shadow +have the proper format and contain valid data\&. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors\&. +.PP +Voici les v\('erifications effectu\('ees\ \&: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +nombre correct de champs\ \&; +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +unicit\('e et validit\('e des noms d\*(Aqutilisateur\ \&; +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +validit\('e des identifiants d\*(Aqutilisateur et de groupe\ \&; +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +validit\('e du groupe primaire\ \&; +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +validit\('e du r\('epertoire personnel\ \&; +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +validit\('e de l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes initial (\(Fo\ \&login shell\ \&\(Fc)\&. +.RE +.PP +Checks for shadowed password information are enabled when the second file parameter +\fISHADOWFILE\fR +is specified or when +/etc/shadow +exists on the system\&. +.PP +Ces v\('erifications sont les suivantes\ \&: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +chaque entr\('ee de passwd a une entr\('ee correspondante dans shadow, et chaque entr\('ee shadow a une entr\('ee passwd correspondante\ \&; +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +les mots de passe sont indiqu\('es dans le fichier des mot de passe cach\('es\ \&; +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +les entr\('ees de shadow ont le bon nombre de champs\ \&; +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +les entr\('ees de shadow sont uniques dans shadow\ \&; +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +la date du dernier changement de mot de passe n\*(Aqest pas dans le futur\&. +.RE +.PP +The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal\&. If the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line\&. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed\&. An entry with a duplicated user name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made\&. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the +\fBusermod\fR +command to correct the error\&. +.PP +The commands which operate on the +/etc/passwd +file are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries\&. +\fBpwck\fR +should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entry\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The +\fB\-r\fR +and +\fB\-s\fR +options cannot be combined\&. +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBpwck\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \& +.RS 4 +Allow names that do not conform to standards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR +.RS 4 +Ne signaler que les erreurs\&. Les avertissements qui ne n\('ecessitent pas une action de la part de l\*(Aqutilisateur ne seront pas affich\('es\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR +.RS 4 +Execute the +\fBpwck\fR +command in read\-only mode\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR +.RS 4 +Sort entries in +/etc/passwd +and +/etc/shadow +by UID\&. +.RE +.PP +By default, +\fBpwck\fR +operates on the files +/etc/passwd +and +/etc/shadow\&. The user may select alternate files with the +\fIpasswd\fR +and +\fIshadow\fR +parameters\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR" +.PP +The +\fBpwck\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +one or more bad password entries +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt open password files +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt lock password files +.RE +.PP +\fI5\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update password files +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt sort password files +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBgroup\fR(5), +\fBgrpck\fR(8), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/pwconv.8 b/man/fr/man8/pwconv.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8f3760c --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/pwconv.8 @@ -0,0 +1,163 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: pwconv +.\" Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "PWCONV" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +pwconv, pwunconv, grpconv, grpunconv \- Convertir vers ou depuis les fichiers de mots de passe ou de groupe cach\('es +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBpwconv\fR\ 'u +\fBpwconv\fR [\fIoptions\fR] +.HP \w'\fBpwunconv\fR\ 'u +\fBpwunconv\fR [\fIoptions\fR] +.HP \w'\fBgrpconv\fR\ 'u +\fBgrpconv\fR [\fIoptions\fR] +.HP \w'\fBgrpunconv\fR\ 'u +\fBgrpunconv\fR [\fIoptions\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBpwconv\fR +command creates +\fIshadow\fR +from +\fIpasswd\fR +and an optionally existing +\fIshadow\fR\&. +.PP +The +\fBpwunconv\fR +command creates +\fIpasswd\fR +from +\fIpasswd\fR +and +\fIshadow\fR +and then removes +\fIshadow\fR\&. +.PP +The +\fBgrpconv\fR +command creates +\fIgshadow\fR +from +\fIgroup\fR +and an optionally existing +\fIgshadow\fR\&. +.PP +The +\fBgrpunconv\fR +command creates +\fIgroup\fR +from +\fIgroup\fR +and +\fIgshadow\fR +and then removes +\fIgshadow\fR\&. +.PP +These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and group files: +/etc/passwd, +/etc/group, +/etc/shadow, and +/etc/gshadow\&. +.PP +Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion\&. +\fBpwconv\fR +and +\fBgrpconv\fR +are similar\&. First, entries in the shadowed file which don\*(Aqt exist in the main file are removed\&. Then, shadowed entries which don\*(Aqt have `x\*(Aq as the password in the main file are updated\&. Any missing shadowed entries are added\&. Finally, passwords in the main file are replaced with `x\*(Aq\&. These programs can be used for initial conversion as well to update the shadowed file if the main file is edited by hand\&. +.PP +\fBpwconv\fR +will use the values of +\fIPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR, +\fIPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR, and +\fIPASS_WARN_AGE\fR +from +/etc/login\&.defs +when adding new entries to +/etc/shadow\&. +.PP +Likewise +\fBpwunconv\fR +and +\fBgrpunconv\fR +are similar\&. Passwords in the main file are updated from the shadowed file\&. Entries which exist in the main file but not in the shadowed file are left alone\&. Finally, the shadowed file is removed\&. Some password aging information is lost by +\fBpwunconv\fR\&. It will convert what it can\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBpwconv\fR, +\fBpwunconv\fR, +\fBgrpconv\fR, and +\fBgrpunconv\fR +commands are: +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.SH "BOGUES" +.PP +Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate entries) may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other strange ways\&. Please run +\fBpwck\fR +and +\fBgrpck\fR +to correct any such errors before converting to or from shadow passwords or groups\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variable in +/etc/login\&.defs +changes the behavior of +\fBgrpconv\fR +and +\fBgrpunconv\fR: +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of +\fBpwconv\fR: +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBgrpck\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBpwck\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/pwunconv.8 b/man/fr/man8/pwunconv.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6eed9e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/pwunconv.8 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man8/pwconv.8 diff --git a/man/fr/man8/sulogin.8 b/man/fr/man8/sulogin.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b66fc3a --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/sulogin.8 @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: sulogin +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "SULOGIN" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +sulogin \- Single\-user login +.SH "SYNTAX" +.PP +\fBsulogin\fR +[\fItty\-device\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBsulogin\fR +command is invoked by +\fBinit\fR +prior to allowing the user access to the system when in single user mode\&. This feature may only be available on certain systems where +\fBinit\fR +has been modified accordingly, or where the +/etc/inittab +has an entry for a single user login\&. +.PP +The user is prompted +.PP +Type control\-d to proceed with normal startup, +(or give root password for system maintenance): +.PP +Input and output will be performed with the standard file descriptors unless the optional device name argument is provided\&. +.PP +If the user enters the correct root password, a login session is initiated\&. When +\fIEOF\fR +is pressed instead, the system enters multi\-user mode\&. +.PP +After the user exits the single\-user shell, or presses +\fIEOF\fR, the system begins the initialization process required to enter multi\-user mode\&. +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +This command can only be used if +\fBinit\fR +has been modified to call +\fBsulogin\fR +instead of +/bin/sh, or if the user has set the +\fIinittab\fR +to support a single user login\&. For example, the line: +.PP +co:s:respawn:/etc/sulogin /dev/console +.PP +should execute the sulogin command in single user mode\&. +.PP +As complete an environment as possible is created\&. However, various devices may be unmounted or uninitialized and many of the user commands may be unavailable or nonfunctional as a result\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBsh\fR(1), +\fBinit\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/useradd.8 b/man/fr/man8/useradd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0c131ec --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/useradd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,607 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: useradd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "USERADD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +useradd \- cr\('eer un nouvel utilisateur ou modifier les informations par d\('efaut appliqu\('ees aux nouveaux utilisateurs +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u +\fBuseradd\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fILOGIN\fR +.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u +\fBuseradd\fR \-D +.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u +\fBuseradd\fR \-D [\fIoptions\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +When invoked without the +\fB\-D\fR +option, the +\fBuseradd\fR +command creates a new user account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. Depending on command line options, the +\fBuseradd\fR +command will update system files and may also create the new user\*(Aqs home directory and copy initial files\&. +.PP +By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see +\fB\-g\fR, +\fB\-N\fR, +\fB\-U\fR, and +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR)\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBuseradd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \& +.RS 4 +Allow names that do not conform to standards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR\ \&\fIBASE_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +The default base directory for the system if +\fB\-d\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR +is not specified\&. +\fIBASE_DIR\fR +is concatenated with the account name to define the home directory\&. +.sp +If this option is not specified, +\fBuseradd\fR +will use the base directory specified by the +\fBHOME\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd, or +/home +by default\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR +.RS 4 +Any text string\&. It is generally a short description of the account, and is currently used as the field for the user\*(Aqs full name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\-dir\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +The new user will be created using +\fIHOME_DIR\fR +as the value for the user\*(Aqs login directory\&. The default is to append the +\fILOGIN\fR +name to +\fIBASE_DIR\fR +and use that as the login directory name\&. If the directory +\fIHOME_DIR\fR +does not exist, then it will be created unless the +\fB\-M\fR +option is specified\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-D\fR, \fB\-\-defaults\fR +.RS 4 +Consultez ci\-dessous la sous\-section \(Fo\ \&Modifier les valeurs par d\('efaut\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +.RS 4 +The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format +\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&. +.sp +If not specified, +\fBuseradd\fR +will use the default expiry date specified by the +\fBEXPIRE\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd, or an empty string (no expiry) by default\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where the user is expected to replace this password\&. The value is stored in the shadow password file\&. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no delay\&. An input of \-1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password file\&. See +\fBshadow\fR(5)for more information\&. +.sp +If not specified, +\fBuseradd\fR +will use the default inactivity period specified by the +\fBINACTIVE\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd, or \-1 by default\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-F\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subids\-for\-system\fR +.RS 4 +Update +/etc/subuid +and +/etc/subgid +even when creating a system account with +\fB\-r\fR +option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR +.RS 4 +The name or the number of the user\*(Aqs primary group\&. The group name must exist\&. A group number must refer to an already existing group\&. +.sp +If not specified, the behavior of +\fBuseradd\fR +will depend on the +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +variable in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. If this variable is set to +\fIyes\fR +(or +\fB\-U/\-\-user\-group\fR +is specified on the command line), a group will be created for the user, with the same name as her loginname\&. If the variable is set to +\fIno\fR +(or +\fB\-N/\-\-no\-user\-group\fR +is specified on the command line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the value specified by the +\fBGROUP\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd, or 1000 by default\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]] +.RS 4 +A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the +\fB\-g\fR +option\&. The default is for the user to belong only to the initial group\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-skel\fR\ \&\fISKEL_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied in the user\*(Aqs home directory, when the home directory is created by +\fBuseradd\fR\&. +.sp +This option is only valid if the +\fB\-m\fR +(or +\fB\-\-create\-home\fR) option is specified\&. +.sp +If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the +\fBSKEL\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd +or, by default, +/etc/skel\&. +.sp +Si possible, les ACL et les attributs \('etendus seront copi\('es\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR +.RS 4 +Overrides +/etc/login\&.defs +defaults (\fBUID_MIN\fR, +\fBUID_MAX\fR, +\fBUMASK\fR, +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR +and others)\&. +.sp +Example: +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIPASS_MAX_DAYS \fR=\fI\-1\fR +can be used when creating an account to turn off password aging\&. Multiple +\fB\-K\fR +options can be specified, e\&.g\&.: +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIUID_MIN\fR +=\fI100\fR\ \&\fB\-K\fR\ \& +\fIUID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-no\-log\-init\fR +.RS 4 +N\*(Aqajoute pas l\*(Aqutilisateur aux bases de donn\('ees lastlog et faillog\&. +.sp +Par d\('efaut, les entr\('ees de l\*(Aqutilisateur dans les bases de donn\('ees lastlog et faillog sont remises \(`a z\('ero pour \('eviter de r\('eutiliser les entr\('ees d\*(Aqun utilisateur pr\('ec\('edemment supprim\('e\&. +.sp +If this option is not specified, +\fBuseradd\fR +will also consult the variable +\fBLOG_INIT\fR +in the +/etc/default/useradd +if set to no the user will not be added to the lastlog and faillog databases\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-create\-home\fR +.RS 4 +Create the user\*(Aqs home directory if it does not exist\&. The files and directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined with the +\fB\-k\fR +option) will be copied to the home directory\&. +.sp +By default, if this option is not specified and +\fBCREATE_HOME\fR +is not enabled, no home directories are created\&. +.sp +The directory where the user\*(Aqs home directory is created must exist and have proper SELinux context and permissions\&. Otherwise the user\*(Aqs home directory cannot be created or accessed\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-no\-create\-home\fR +.RS 4 +Do not create the user\*(Aqs home directory, even if the system wide setting from +/etc/login\&.defs +(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR) is set to +\fIyes\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-N\fR, \fB\-\-no\-user\-group\fR +.RS 4 +Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to the group specified by the +\fB\-g\fR +option or by the +\fBGROUP\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.sp +The default behavior (if the +\fB\-g\fR, +\fB\-N\fR, and +\fB\-U\fR +options are not specified) is defined by the +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +variable in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR +.RS 4 +allows the creation of an account with an already existing UID\&. +.sp +This option is only valid in combination with the +\fB\-u\fR +option\&. As a user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system\*(Aqs behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account of the given UID\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR +.RS 4 +defines an initial password for the account\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by +\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&. Within a shell script, this option allows to create efficiently batches of users\&. +.sp +Without this option, the new account will be locked and with no password defined, i\&.e\&. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of +/etc/shadow\&. This is a state where the user won\*(Aqt be able to access the account or to define a password himself\&. +.sp +\fBNote:\fRAvoid this option on the command line because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&. +.sp +Il est n\('ecessaire de v\('erifier si le mot de passe respecte la politique de mots de passe du syst\(`eme\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR +.RS 4 +Cr\('eer un compte syst\(`eme\&. +.sp +System users will be created with no aging information in +/etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR +range, defined in +/etc/login\&.defs, instead of +\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR +(and their +\fBGID\fR +counterparts for the creation of groups)\&. +.sp +Note that +\fBuseradd\fR +will not create a home directory for such a user, regardless of the default setting in +/etc/login\&.defs +(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR)\&. You have to specify the +\fB\-m\fR +options if you want a home directory for a system account to be created\&. +.sp +Note that this option will not update +/etc/subuid +and +/etc/subgid\&. You have to specify the +\fB\-F\fR +options if you want to update the files for a system account to be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +sets the path to the user\*(Aqs login shell\&. Without this option, the system will use the +\fBSHELL\fR +variable specified in +/etc/default/useradd, or, if that is as well not set, the field for the login shell in +/etc/passwd +remains empty\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR +.RS 4 +The numerical value of the user\*(Aqs ID\&. This value must be unique, unless the +\fB\-o\fR +option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to +\fBUID_MIN\fR +and greater than every other user\&. +.sp +See also the +\fB\-r\fR +option and the +\fBUID_MAX\fR +description\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-user\-group\fR +.RS 4 +Cr\('ee un groupe avec le m\(^eme nom que celui de l\*(Aqutilisateur, et ajoute l\*(Aqutilisateur \(`a ce groupe\&. +.sp +The default behavior (if the +\fB\-g\fR, +\fB\-N\fR, and +\fB\-U\fR +options are not specified) is defined by the +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +variable in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR +.RS 4 +defines the SELinux user for the new account\&. Without this option, a SELinux uses the default user\&. Note that the shadow system doesn\*(Aqt store the selinux\-user, it uses +\fBsemanage\fR(8) +for that\&. +.RE +.SS "Modifier les valeurs par d\('efaut" +.PP +When invoked with only the +\fB\-D\fR +option, +\fBuseradd\fR +will display the current default values\&. When invoked with +\fB\-D\fR +plus other options, +\fBuseradd\fR +will update the default values for the specified options\&. Valid default\-changing options are: +.PP +\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR\ \&\fIBASE_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +sets the path prefix for a new user\*(Aqs home directory\&. The user\*(Aqs name will be affixed to the end of +\fIBASE_DIR\fR +to form the new user\*(Aqs home directory name, if the +\fB\-d\fR +option is not used when creating a new account\&. +.sp +This option sets the +\fBHOME\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +.RS 4 +sets the date on which newly created user accounts are disabled\&. +.sp +This option sets the +\fBEXPIRE\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where the user is expected to replace this password\&. See +\fBshadow\fR(5)for more information\&. +.sp +This option sets the +\fBINACTIVE\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR +.RS 4 +sets the default primary group for newly created users, accepting group names or a numerical group ID\&. The named group must exist, and the GID must have an existing entry\&. +.sp +This option sets the +\fBGROUP\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +defines the default login shell for new users\&. +.sp +This option sets the +\fBSHELL\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.SH "NOTES" +.PP +The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files in the +/etc/skel/ +directory (or any other skeleton directory specified in +/etc/default/useradd +or on the command line)\&. +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +Vous ne pouvez pas ajouter d\*(Aqutilisateur \(`a un groupe NIS ou LDAP\&. Cela doit \(^etre effectu\('e sur le serveur correspondant\&. +.PP +Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database such as NIS or LDAP, +\fBuseradd\fR +will deny the user account creation request\&. +.PP +Usernames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes\&. They can end with a dollar sign\&. Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the username\&. Fully numeric usernames and usernames \&. or \&.\&. are also disallowed\&. It is not recommended to use usernames beginning with \&. character as their home directories will be hidden in the +\fBls\fR +output\&. +.PP +Les noms d\*(Aqutilisateur sont limit\('es \(`a 16 caract\(`eres\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/default/useradd +.RS 4 +Valeurs par d\('efaut pour la cr\('eation de comptes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow\-maint/useradd\-pre\&.d/*, /etc/shadow\-maint/useradd\-post\&.d/* +.RS 4 +Run\-part files to execute during user addition\&. The environment variable +\fBACTION\fR +will be populated with useradd and +\fBSUBJECT\fR +with the +\fBusername\fR\&. +useradd\-pre\&.d +will be executed prior to any user addition\&. +useradd\-post\&.d +will execute after user addition\&. If a script exits non\-zero then execution will terminate\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/skel/ +.RS 4 +R\('epertoire contenant les fichiers par d\('efaut\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +IDs des groupes subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +IDs de utilisateurs subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR" +.PP +The +\fBuseradd\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update password file +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +invalid argument to option +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +UID already in use (and no +\fB\-o\fR) +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI9\fR +.RS 4 +username or group name already in use +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.PP +\fI12\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt create home directory +.RE +.PP +\fI14\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update SELinux user mapping +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBcrypt\fR(3), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBnewusers\fR(8), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/userdel.8 b/man/fr/man8/userdel.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..663fe6b --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/userdel.8 @@ -0,0 +1,227 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: userdel +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "USERDEL" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +userdel \- supprimer un compte utilisateur et les fichiers associ\('es +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBuserdel\fR\ 'u +\fBuserdel\fR [options] \fILOGIN\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBuserdel\fR +command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to the user name +\fILOGIN\fR\&. The named user must exist\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBuserdel\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR +.RS 4 +This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is still logged in\&. It also forces +\fBuserdel\fR +to remove the user\*(Aqs home directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same home directory or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user\&. If +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +is defined to +\fIyes\fR +in +/etc/login\&.defs +and if a group exists with the same name as the deleted user, then this group will be removed, even if it is still the primary group of another user\&. +.sp +\fINote:\fR +This option is dangerous and may leave your system in an inconsistent state\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\fR +.RS 4 +Les fichiers pr\('esents dans le r\('epertoire personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur seront supprim\('es en m\(^eme temps que le r\('epertoire lui\-m\(^eme, ainsi que le r\('epertoire d\*(Aqattente des courriels\&. Vous devrez rechercher et \('eliminer vous\-m\(^eme les fichiers situ\('es dans d\*(Aqautres syst\(`emes de fichiers\&. +.sp +The mail spool is defined by the +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +variable in the +login\&.defs +file\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR +.RS 4 +\('Elimine toute association avec tout utilisateur SELinux pour la connexion de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.RE +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow\-maint/userdel\-pre\&.d/*, /etc/shadow\-maint/userdel\-post\&.d/* +.RS 4 +Run\-part files to execute during user deletion\&. The environment variable +\fBACTION\fR +will be populated with +\fBuserdel\fR +and +\fBSUBJECT\fR +with the username\&. +userdel\-pre\&.d +will be executed prior to any user deletion\&. +userdel\-post\&.d +will execute after user deletion\&. If a script exits non\-zero then execution will terminate\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +IDs des groupes subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +IDs de utilisateurs subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&. +.RE +.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR" +.PP +The +\fBuserdel\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update password file +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +specified user doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI8\fR +.RS 4 +user currently logged in +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.PP +\fI12\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt remove home directory +.RE +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +\fBuserdel\fR +will not allow you to remove an account if there are running processes which belong to this account\&. In that case, you may have to kill those processes or lock the user\*(Aqs password or account and remove the account later\&. The +\fB\-f\fR +option can force the deletion of this account\&. +.PP +Vous devez v\('erifier vous\-m\(^eme qu\*(Aqaucun fichier poss\('ed\('e par l\*(Aqutilisateur ne subsiste sur tous les syst\(`emes de fichiers\&. +.PP +Vous ne pouvez supprimer aucun attribut NIS d\*(Aqun client NIS\&. Cela doit \(^etre effectu\('e sur le serveur NIS\&. +.PP +If +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +is defined to +\fIyes\fR +in +/etc/login\&.defs, +\fBuserdel\fR +will delete the group with the same name as the user\&. To avoid inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases, +\fBuserdel\fR +will check that this group is not used as a primary group for another user, and will just warn without deleting the group otherwise\&. The +\fB\-f\fR +option can force the deletion of this group\&. +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/usermod.8 b/man/fr/man8/usermod.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f84304d --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/usermod.8 @@ -0,0 +1,379 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: usermod +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "USERMOD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +usermod \- Modifier un compte utilisateur +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBusermod\fR\ 'u +\fBusermod\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fILOGIN\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBusermod\fR +command modifies the system account files\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBusermod\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR +.RS 4 +Add the user to the supplementary group(s)\&. Use only with the +\fB\-G\fR +option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-badname\fR +.RS 4 +Allow names that do not conform to standards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR +.RS 4 +update the comment field of the user in +/etc/passwd, which is normally modified using the +\fBchfn\fR(1) +utility\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Le nouveau r\('epertoire personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.sp +If the +\fB\-m\fR +option is given, the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does not already exist\&. If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +.RS 4 +The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format +\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&. Integers as input are interpreted as days after 1970\-01\-01\&. +.sp +An input of \-1 or an empty string will blank the account expiration field in the shadow password file\&. The account will remain available with no date limit\&. +.sp +This option requires a +/etc/shadow +file\&. A +/etc/shadow +entry will be created if there were none\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age during which the user may still login by immediately replacing the password\&. This grace period before the account becomes inactive is stored in the shadow password file\&. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no delay\&. An input of \-1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password file\&. See +\fBshadow\fR(5) +for more information\&. +.sp +This option requires a +/etc/shadow +file\&. A +/etc/shadow +entry will be created if there were none\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR +.RS 4 +The name or numerical ID of the user\*(Aqs new primary group\&. The group must exist\&. +.sp +Tout fichier du r\('epertoire personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur appartenant au groupe primaire pr\('ec\('edent de l\*(Aqutilisateur appartiendra \(`a ce nouveau groupe\&. +.sp +Le groupe propri\('etaire des fichiers en dehors du r\('epertoire personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur doit \(^etre modifi\('e manuellement\&. +.sp +The change of the group ownership of files inside of the user\*(Aqs home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id\&. This is a safety measure for special home directories such as +/\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]] +.RS 4 +A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups must exist\&. +.sp +If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user will be removed from the group\&. This behaviour can be changed via the +\fB\-a\fR +option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group list\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR\ \&\fINEW_LOGIN\fR +.RS 4 +The name of the user will be changed from +\fILOGIN\fR +to +\fINEW_LOGIN\fR\&. Nothing else is changed\&. In particular, the user\*(Aqs home directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR +.RS 4 +Lock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This puts a \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password, effectively disabling the password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with +\fB\-p\fR +or +\fB\-U\fR\&. +.sp +Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the +\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +to +\fI1\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-move\-home\fR +.RS 4 +moves the content of the user\*(Aqs home directory to the new location\&. If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be created\&. +.sp +This option is only valid in combination with the +\fB\-d\fR +(or +\fB\-\-home\fR) option\&. +.sp +\fBusermod\fR +will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed afterwards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR +.RS 4 +allows to change the user ID to a non\-unique value\&. +.sp +This option is only valid in combination with the +\fB\-u\fR +option\&. As a user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system\*(Aqs behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account of the given UID\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR +.RS 4 +defines a new password for the user\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by +\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&. +.sp +\fBNote:\fR +Avoid this option on the command line because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&. +.sp +Il est n\('ecessaire de v\('erifier si le mot de passe respecte la politique de mots de passe du syst\(`eme\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\fR +.RS 4 +Remove the user from named supplementary group(s)\&. Use only with the +\fB\-G\fR +option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes within the directory tree starting with +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +and use as well the configuration files located there\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +changes the user\*(Aqs login shell\&. An empty string for SHELL blanks the field in +/etc/passwd +and logs the user into the system\*(Aqs default shell\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR +.RS 4 +The new value of the user\*(Aqs ID\&. +.sp +This value must be unique, unless the +\fB\-o\fR +option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. +.sp +La bo\(^ite aux lettres et tous les fichiers poss\('ed\('es par l\*(Aqutilisateur et qui sont situ\('es dans son r\('epertoire personnel verront leur identifiant d\*(Aqutilisateur automatiquement modifi\('e\&. +.sp +Le propri\('etaire des fichiers en dehors du r\('epertoire personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur doit \(^etre modifi\('e manuellement\&. +.sp +The change of the user ownership of files inside of the user\*(Aqs home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id\&. This is a safety measure for special home directories such as +/\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to the +\fBUID_MIN\fR, +\fBUID_MAX\fR, +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR, or +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR +from +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR +.RS 4 +Unlock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This removes the \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with +\fB\-p\fR +or +\fB\-L\fR\&. +.sp +Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the +\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +(for example to +\fI99999\fR, or to the +\fBEXPIRE\fR +value from +/etc/default/useradd)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR +.RS 4 +Ajoute une plage d\*(AqUIDs subalternes au compte de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.sp +This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +from /etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR +.RS 4 +Supprime une plage d\*(AqUids subalternes du compte de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.sp +This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&. When both +\fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR +and +\fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR +are specified, the removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +from /etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR +.RS 4 +Ajoute une plage de gids subalternes au compte d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&. +.sp +This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +from /etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR +.RS 4 +Supprime une plage de gids subalternes du compte de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.sp +This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&. When both +\fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR +and +\fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR +are specified, the removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +from /etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR +.RS 4 +defines the SELinux user to be mapped with +\fILOGIN\fR\&. An empty string ("") will remove the respective entry (if any)\&. Note that the shadow system doesn\*(Aqt store the selinux\-user, it uses semanage(8) for that\&. +.RE +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes when this command is being executed if the user\*(Aqs numerical user ID, the user\*(Aqs name, or the user\*(Aqs home directory is being changed\&. +\fBusermod\fR +checks this on Linux\&. On other operating systems it only uses utmp to check if the user is logged in\&. +.PP +You must change the owner of any +\fBcrontab\fR +files or +\fBat\fR +jobs manually\&. +.PP +Les modifications qui concernent NIS doivent \(^etre effectu\('ees sur le serveur NIS\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Group account information +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Secure group account informatio\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Shadow password suite configuration +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +User account information +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Secure user account information +.RE +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate group IDs +.RE +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate user IDs +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBcrypt\fR(3), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/vigr.8 b/man/fr/man8/vigr.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ff72d7a --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/vigr.8 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man8/vipw.8 diff --git a/man/fr/man8/vipw.8 b/man/fr/man8/vipw.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..714fd73 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/vipw.8 @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: vipw +.\" Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 08/11/2022 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "VIPW" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +vipw, vigr \- \('Editer les fichiers passwd, group, shadow ou gshadow +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBvipw\fR\ 'u +\fBvipw\fR [\fIoptions\fR] +.HP \w'\fBvigr\fR\ 'u +\fBvigr\fR [\fIoptions\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBvipw\fR +and +\fBvigr\fR +commands edits the files +/etc/passwd +and +/etc/group, respectively\&. With the +\fB\-s\fR +flag, they will edit the shadow versions of those files, +/etc/shadow +and +/etc/gshadow, respectively\&. The programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file corruption\&. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the environment variable +\fB$VISUAL\fR, then the environment variable +\fB$EDITOR\fR, and finally the default editor, +\fBvi\fR(1)\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBvipw\fR +and +\fBvigr\fR +commands are: +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR +.RS 4 +\('Editer la base de donn\('ees de groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-passwd\fR +.RS 4 +\('Editer la base de donn\('ees passwd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR +.RS 4 +Mode silencieux\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shadow\fR +.RS 4 +\('Editer les bases de donn\('ees shadow ou gshadow\&. +.RE +.SH "ENVIRONNEMENT" +.PP +\fBVISUAL\fR +.RS 4 +L\*(Aq\('editeur \(`a utiliser +.RE +.PP +\fBEDITOR\fR +.RS 4 +Editor to be used if +\fBVISUAL\fR +is not set\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBvi\fR(1), +\fBgroup\fR(5), +\fBgshadow\fR(5) +, +\fBpasswd\fR(5), , +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. |