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diff --git a/man/newusers.8.xml b/man/newusers.8.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4ff0052 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/newusers.8.xml @@ -0,0 +1,471 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> +<!-- + SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh + SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François + SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause +--> +<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN" + "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [ +<!ENTITY ENCRYPT_METHOD SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENCRYPT_METHOD.xml"> +<!ENTITY GID_MAX SYSTEM "login.defs.d/GID_MAX.xml"> +<!ENTITY HOME_MODE SYSTEM "login.defs.d/HOME_MODE.xml"> +<!ENTITY MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP.xml"> +<!ENTITY MD5_CRYPT_ENAB SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MD5_CRYPT_ENAB.xml"> +<!ENTITY PASS_MAX_DAYS SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_MAX_DAYS.xml"> +<!ENTITY PASS_MIN_DAYS SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_MIN_DAYS.xml"> +<!ENTITY PASS_WARN_AGE SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_WARN_AGE.xml"> +<!ENTITY SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS.xml"> +<!ENTITY SUB_GID_COUNT SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SUB_GID_COUNT.xml"> +<!ENTITY SUB_UID_COUNT SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SUB_UID_COUNT.xml"> +<!ENTITY SYS_GID_MAX SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SYS_GID_MAX.xml"> +<!ENTITY SYS_UID_MAX SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SYS_UID_MAX.xml"> +<!ENTITY UID_MAX SYSTEM "login.defs.d/UID_MAX.xml"> +<!ENTITY UMASK SYSTEM "login.defs.d/UMASK.xml"> +<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE --> +]> + +<refentry id='newusers.8'> + <!-- $Id$ --> + <refentryinfo> + <author> + <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname> + <surname>Haugh</surname> + <contrib>Creation, 1991</contrib> + </author> + <author> + <firstname>Thomas</firstname> + <surname>Kłoczko</surname> + <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email> + <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib> + </author> + <author> + <firstname>Nicolas</firstname> + <surname>François</surname> + <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email> + <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib> + </author> + </refentryinfo> + <refmeta> + <refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle> + <manvolnum>8</manvolnum> + <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">System Management Commands</refmiscinfo> + <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo> + <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo> + </refmeta> + <refnamediv id='name'> + <refname>newusers</refname> + <refpurpose>update and create new users in batch</refpurpose> + </refnamediv> + <!-- body begins here --> + <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'> + <cmdsynopsis> + <command>newusers</command> + <arg choice='opt'> + <replaceable>options</replaceable> + </arg> + <arg choice='opt'> + <replaceable>file</replaceable> + </arg> + </cmdsynopsis> + </refsynopsisdiv> + + <refsect1 id='description'> + <title>DESCRIPTION</title> + <para> + The <command>newusers</command> command reads a <replaceable>file</replaceable> (or the standard input by default) + and uses this information to update a set + of existing users or to create new users. Each line is in the same format + as the standard password file (see + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum> + </citerefentry>) with the exceptions explained below: + </para> + <para>pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell</para> + + <variablelist remap='IP'> + <varlistentry> + <term> + <emphasis remap='I'>pw_name</emphasis> + </term> + <listitem> + <para> + This is the name of the user. + </para> + <para> + It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing + user (or a user created before by + <command>newusers</command>). In case of an existing user, + the user's information will be changed, otherwise a new user + will be created. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term> + <emphasis remap='I'>pw_passwd</emphasis> + </term> + <listitem> + <para> + This field will be encrypted and used as the new value of the + encrypted password. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term> + <emphasis remap='I'>pw_uid</emphasis> + </term> + <listitem> + <para> + This field is used to define the UID of the user. + </para> + <para> + If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined + automatically by <command>newusers</command>. + </para> + <para> + If this field contains a number, this number will be used as + the UID. + </para> + <para> + If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the + name of a user created before by + <command>newusers</command>), the UID of the specified user + will be used. + </para> + <para> + If the UID of an existing user is changed, the files ownership + of the user's file should be fixed manually. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term> + <emphasis remap='I'>pw_gid</emphasis> + </term> + <listitem> + <para> + This field is used to define the primary group ID for the user. + </para> + <para> + If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a + group created before by <command>newusers</command>), the GID + of this group will be used as the primary group ID for the + user. + </para> + <para> + If this field is a number, this number will be used as the + primary group ID of the user. If no groups exist with this + GID, a new group will be created with this GID, and the name + of the user. + </para> + <para> + If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the + name of the user and a GID will be automatically defined by + <command>newusers</command> to be used as the primary group ID + for the user and as the GID for the new group. + </para> + <para> + If this field contains the name of a group which does not + exist (and was not created before by + <command>newusers</command>), a new group will be created with + the specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by + <command>newusers</command> to be used as the primary group ID + for the user and GID for the new group. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term> + <emphasis remap='I'>pw_gecos</emphasis> + </term> + <listitem> + <para> + This field is copied in the GECOS field of the user. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term> + <emphasis remap='I'>pw_dir</emphasis> + </term> + <listitem> + <para> + This field is used to define the home directory of the user. + </para> + <para> + If this field does not specify an existing directory, the + specified directory is created, with ownership set to the + user being created or updated and its primary group. Note + that <emphasis>newusers does not create parent directories + </emphasis> of the new user's home directory. The newusers + command will fail to create the home directory if the parent + directories do not exist, and will send a message to stderr + informing the user of the failure. The newusers command will + not halt or return a failure to the calling shell if it fails + to create the home directory, it will continue to process the + batch of new users specified. + </para> + <para> + If the home directory of an existing user is changed, + <command>newusers</command> does not move or copy the content + of the old directory to the new location. This should be done + manually. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term> + <emphasis remap='I'>pw_shell</emphasis> + </term> + <listitem> + <para> + This field defines the shell of the user. + No checks are performed on this field. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + </variablelist> + + <para> + <command>newusers</command> first tries to create or change all the + specified users, and then write these changes to the user or group + databases. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to the + databases), no changes are committed to the databases. + </para> + <para condition="pam"> + During this first pass, users are created with a locked password + (and passwords are not changed for the users which are not created). + A second pass is used to update the passwords using PAM. Failures + to update a password are reported, but will not stop the other + password updates. + </para> + + <para> + This command is intended to be used in a large system environment + where many accounts are updated at a single time. + </para> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1 id='options'> + <title>OPTIONS</title> + <para> + The options which apply to the <command>newusers</command> command are: + </para> + <variablelist remap='IP'> + <varlistentry> + <term> + <option>--badname</option> + </term> + <listitem> + <para> + Allow names that do not conform to standards. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + </variablelist> + <variablelist remap='IP' condition="no_pam"> + <varlistentry> + <term><option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option></term> + <listitem> + <para>Use the specified method to encrypt the passwords.</para> + <para> + The available methods are DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 or SHA512 + if your libc support these methods. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + </variablelist> + <variablelist remap='IP'> + <varlistentry> + <term><option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option></term> + <listitem> + <para>Display help message and exit.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term> + <option>-r</option>, <option>--system</option> + </term> + <listitem> + <para> + Create a system account. + </para> + <para> + System users will be created with no aging information in + <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>, and their numeric + identifiers are chosen in the + <option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>-<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> + range, defined in <filename>login.defs</filename>, instead of + <option>UID_MIN</option>-<option>UID_MAX</option> (and their + <option>GID</option> counterparts for the creation of groups). + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term> + <option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option> <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> + </term> + <listitem> + <para> + Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> + directory and use the configuration files from the + <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory. + Only absolute paths are supported. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + </variablelist> + <variablelist remap='IP' condition="no_pam"> + <varlistentry condition="sha_crypt"> + <term><option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option></term> + <listitem> + <para> + Use the specified number of rounds to encrypt the passwords. + </para> + <para> + The value 0 means that the system will choose the default + number of rounds for the crypt method (5000). + </para> + <para> + A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999 + will be enforced. + </para> + <para> + You can only use this option with the SHA256 or SHA512 + crypt method. + </para> + <para> + By default, the number of rounds is defined by the + SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in + <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + </variablelist> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1 id='caveats'> + <title>CAVEATS</title> + <para> + The input file must be protected since it contains unencrypted + passwords. + </para> + <para condition="no_pam"> + You should make sure the passwords and the encryption method respect + the system's password policy. + </para> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1 id='configuration'> + <title>CONFIGURATION</title> + <para> + The following configuration variables in + <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this + tool: + </para> + <variablelist condition="no_pam"> + &ENCRYPT_METHOD; + </variablelist> + <variablelist> + &GID_MAX; <!-- documents also GID_MIN --> + &HOME_MODE; + &MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP; + </variablelist> + <variablelist condition="no_pam"> + &MD5_CRYPT_ENAB; + </variablelist> + <variablelist> + &PASS_MAX_DAYS; + &PASS_MIN_DAYS; + &PASS_WARN_AGE; + </variablelist> + <variablelist condition="no_pam"> + &SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS; <!-- documents also SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS--> + </variablelist> + <variablelist> + &SUB_GID_COUNT; <!-- documents also SUB_GID_MAX and SUB_GID_MIN --> + &SUB_UID_COUNT; <!-- documents also SUB_UID_MAX and SUB_UID_MIN --> + &SYS_GID_MAX; <!-- documents also SYS_GID_MIN --> + &SYS_UID_MAX; <!-- documents also SYS_UID_MIN --> + &UID_MAX; <!-- documents also UID_MIN --> + &UMASK; + </variablelist> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1 id='files'> + <title>FILES</title> + <variablelist> + <varlistentry> + <term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term> + <listitem> + <para>User account information.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><filename>/etc/shadow</filename></term> + <listitem> + <para>Secure user account information.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><filename>/etc/group</filename></term> + <listitem> + <para>Group account information.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry condition="gshadow"> + <term><filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></term> + <listitem> + <para>Secure group account information.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><filename>/etc/login.defs</filename></term> + <listitem> + <para>Shadow password suite configuration.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry condition="pam"> + <term><filename>/etc/pam.d/newusers</filename></term> + <listitem> + <para>PAM configuration for <command>newusers</command>.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry condition="subids"> + <term><filename>/etc/subgid</filename></term> + <listitem> + <para>Per user subordinate group IDs.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry condition="subids"> + <term><filename>/etc/subuid</filename></term> + <listitem> + <para>Per user subordinate user IDs.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + </variablelist> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1 id='see_also'> + <title>SEE ALSO</title> + <para> + <citerefentry> + <refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum> + </citerefentry>, + <citerefentry> + <refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum> + </citerefentry>, + <phrase condition="subids"> + <citerefentry> + <refentrytitle>subgid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum> + </citerefentry>, + <citerefentry> + <refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum> + </citerefentry>, + </phrase> + <citerefentry> + <refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum> + </citerefentry>. + </para> + </refsect1> +</refentry> |