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'\" t
.\"     Title: shadow
.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
.\"      Date: 2024-06-21
.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.15.2
.\"  Language: Chinese Simplified
.\"
.TH "SHADOW" "5" "2024-06-21" "shadow\-utils 4\&.15\&.2" "File Formats and Configuration"
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.\" * Define some portability stuff
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.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
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.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el       .ds Aq '
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" * set default formatting
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.\" disable hyphenation
.nh
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.ad l
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.SH "名称"
shadow \- 影子化了的密码文件
.SH "描述"
.PP
shadow
is a file which contains the password information for the system\*(Aqs accounts and optional aging information\&.
.PP
如果没有维护好密码安全,此文件绝对不能让普通用户可读。
.PP
Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (\(lq:\(rq), in the following order:
.PP
\fBlogin name\fR
.RS 4
必须是有效的账户名,且已经存在于系统中。
.RE
.PP
\fBencrypted password\fR
.RS 4
This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the
/etc/shadow
file may decide not to permit any access at all if the password field is empty\&.
.sp
A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the password field before the password was locked\&.
.sp
Refer to
\fBcrypt\fR(3)
for details on how this string is interpreted\&.
.sp
If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of
\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBdate of last password change\fR
.RS 4
The date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC\&.
.sp
The value 0 has a special meaning, which is that the user should change her password the next time she will log in the system\&.
.sp
空字段表示密码年龄功能被禁用。
.RE
.PP
\fBminimum password age\fR
.RS 4
最小密码年龄是指,用户一次更改密码之后,要等多长时间才再次被允许更改密码。
.sp
An empty field and value 0 mean that there is no minimum password age\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBmaximum password age\fR
.RS 4
最大密码年龄是指,这写天之后,用户必须更改密码。
.sp
这写天之后,密码仍然可用。用户将会在下次登录的时候被要求更改密码。
.sp
空字段表示没有最大密码年龄,没有密码警告时间段,没有密码禁用时间段(请看下边)。
.sp
如果最大密码年龄小于最小密码年龄,用户将会不能更改密码。
.RE
.PP
\fBpassword warning period\fR
.RS 4
密码过期之前,提前警告用户的的天数(请参考上边的密码的最大年龄)。
.sp
空字段或者 0 表示没有密码警告期。
.RE
.PP
\fBpassword inactivity period\fR
.RS 4
密码过期(查看上边的密码最大年龄)后,仍然接受此密码的天数(在此期间,用户应该在下次登录时修改密码)。
.sp
After expiration of the password and this expiration period is elapsed, no login is possible for the user\&. The user should contact her administrator\&.
.sp
空字段表示没有强制密码过期。
.RE
.PP
\fBaccount expiration date\fR
.RS 4
The date of expiration of the account, expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC\&.
.sp
Note that an account expiration differs from a password expiration\&. In case of an account expiration, the user shall not be allowed to login\&. In case of a password expiration, the user is not allowed to login using her password\&.
.sp
空字段表示账户永不过期。
.sp
应该避免使用 0,因为它既能理解成永不过期也能理解成在1970年1月1日过期。
.RE
.PP
\fBreserved field\fR
.RS 4
此字段保留作将来使用。
.RE
.SH "文件"
.PP
/etc/passwd
.RS 4
用户账户信息。
.RE
.PP
/etc/shadow
.RS 4
安全用户账户信息。
.RE
.PP
/etc/shadow\-
.RS 4
/etc/shadow 的备份文件。
.sp
注意,此文件由 shadow 工具集使用,而不是所有的用户和密码管理工具都会使用。
.RE
.SH "参见"
.PP
\fBchage\fR(1),
\fBlogin\fR(1),
\fBpasswd\fR(1),
\fBpasswd\fR(5),
\fBpwck\fR(8),
\fBpwconv\fR(8),
\fBpwunconv\fR(8),
\fBsu\fR(1),
\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&.