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diff --git a/doc/usage/domains/index.rst b/doc/usage/domains/index.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b5d43ce --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/usage/domains/index.rst @@ -0,0 +1,208 @@ +.. highlight:: rst + +======= +Domains +======= + +.. versionadded:: 1.0 + +Originally, Sphinx was conceived for a single project, the documentation of the +Python language. Shortly afterwards, it was made available for everyone as a +documentation tool, but the documentation of Python modules remained deeply +built in -- the most fundamental directives, like ``function``, were designed +for Python objects. Since Sphinx has become somewhat popular, interest +developed in using it for many different purposes: C/C++ projects, JavaScript, +or even reStructuredText markup (like in this documentation). + +While this was always possible, it is now much easier to easily support +documentation of projects using different programming languages or even ones +not supported by the main Sphinx distribution, by providing a **domain** for +every such purpose. + +A domain is a collection of markup (reStructuredText :term:`directive`\ s and +:term:`role`\ s) to describe and link to :term:`object`\ s belonging together, +e.g. elements of a programming language. Directive and role names in a domain +have names like ``domain:name``, e.g. ``py:function``. Domains can also +provide custom indices (like the Python Module Index). + +Having domains means that there are no naming problems when one set of +documentation wants to refer to e.g. C++ and Python classes. It also means +that extensions that support the documentation of whole new languages are much +easier to write. + +This section describes what the domains that are included with Sphinx provide. +The domain API is documented as well, in the section :ref:`domain-api`. + + +.. _basic-domain-markup: + +Basic Markup +------------ + +Most domains provide a number of :dfn:`object description directives`, used to +describe specific objects provided by modules. Each directive requires one or +more signatures to provide basic information about what is being described, and +the content should be the description. + +A domain will typically keep an internal index of all entities to aid +cross-referencing. +Typically it will also add entries in the shown general index. +If you want to suppress the addition of an entry in the shown index, you can +give the directive option flag ``:no-index-entry:``. +If you want to exclude the object description from the table of contents, you +can give the directive option flag ``:no-contents-entry:``. +If you want to typeset an object description, without even making it available +for cross-referencing, you can give the directive option flag ``:no-index:`` +(which implies ``:no-index-entry:``). +If you do not want to typeset anything, you can give the directive option flag +``:no-typesetting:``. This can for example be used to create only a target and +index entry for later reference. +Though, note that not every directive in every domain may support these +options. + +.. versionadded:: 3.2 + The directive option ``noindexentry`` in the Python, C, C++, and Javascript + domains. + +.. versionadded:: 5.2.3 + The directive option ``:nocontentsentry:`` in the Python, C, C++, Javascript, + and reStructuredText domains. + +.. versionadded:: 7.2 + The directive option ``no-typesetting`` in the Python, C, C++, Javascript, + and reStructuredText domains. + +.. versionchanged:: 7.2 + + * The directive option ``:noindex:`` was renamed + to ``:no-index:``. + * The directive option ``:noindexentry:`` was renamed + to ``:no-index-entry:``. + * The directive option ``:nocontentsentry:`` was renamed + to ``:no-contents-entry:``. + + The previous names are retained as aliases, + but will be deprecated and removed + in a future version of Sphinx. + +An example using a Python domain directive:: + + .. py:function:: spam(eggs) + ham(eggs) + + Spam or ham the foo. + +This describes the two Python functions ``spam`` and ``ham``. (Note that when +signatures become too long, you can break them if you add a backslash to lines +that are continued in the next line. Example:: + + .. py:function:: filterwarnings(action, message='', category=Warning, \ + module='', lineno=0, append=False) + :no-index: + +(This example also shows how to use the ``:no-index:`` flag.) + +The domains also provide roles that link back to these object descriptions. +For example, to link to one of the functions described in the example above, +you could say :: + + The function :py:func:`spam` does a similar thing. + +As you can see, both directive and role names contain the domain name and the +directive name. + +The directive option ``:no-typesetting:`` can be used to create a target +(and index entry) which can later be referenced +by the roles provided by the domain. +This is particularly useful for literate programming: + +.. code-block:: rst + + .. py:function:: spam(eggs) + :no-typesetting: + + .. code:: + + def spam(eggs): + pass + + The function :py:func:`spam` does nothing. + +.. rubric:: Default Domain + +For documentation describing objects from solely one domain, authors will not +have to state again its name at each directive, role, etc... after +having specified a default. This can be done either via the config +value :confval:`primary_domain` or via this directive: + +.. rst:directive:: .. default-domain:: name + + Select a new default domain. While the :confval:`primary_domain` selects a + global default, this only has an effect within the same file. + +If no other default is selected, the Python domain (named ``py``) is the +default one, mostly for compatibility with documentation written for older +versions of Sphinx. + +Directives and roles that belong to the default domain can be mentioned without +giving the domain name, i.e. :: + + .. function:: pyfunc() + + Describes a Python function. + + Reference to :func:`pyfunc`. + +Cross-referencing syntax +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +For cross-reference roles provided by domains, the same facilities exist as for +general cross-references. See :ref:`xref-syntax`. + +In short: + +* You may supply an explicit title and reference target: ``:role:`title + <target>``` will refer to *target*, but the link text will be *title*. + +* If you prefix the content with ``!``, no reference/hyperlink will be created. + +* If you prefix the content with ``~``, the link text will only be the last + component of the target. For example, ``:py:meth:`~Queue.Queue.get``` will + refer to ``Queue.Queue.get`` but only display ``get`` as the link text. + +Built-in domains +---------------- + +The following domains are included within Sphinx: + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + + standard + c + cpp + javascript + mathematics + python + restructuredtext + +More domains +------------ + +There are several third-party domains available as extensions, including: + +* `Ada <https://pypi.org/project/sphinxcontrib-adadomain/>`__ +* `Chapel <https://pypi.org/project/sphinxcontrib-chapeldomain/>`__ +* `CoffeeScript <https://pypi.org/project/sphinxcontrib-coffee/>`__ +* `Common Lisp <https://pypi.org/project/sphinxcontrib-cldomain/>`__ +* `dqn <https://pypi.org/project/sphinxcontrib-dqndomain/>`__ +* `Erlang <https://pypi.org/project/sphinxcontrib-erlangdomain/>`__ +* `Go <https://pypi.org/project/sphinxcontrib-golangdomain/>`__ +* `HTTP <https://pypi.org/project/sphinxcontrib-httpdomain/>`__ +* `Jinja <https://pypi.org/project/sphinxcontrib-jinjadomain/>`__ +* `Lasso <https://pypi.org/project/sphinxcontrib-lassodomain/>`__ +* `MATLAB <https://pypi.org/project/sphinxcontrib-matlabdomain/>`__ +* `Operation <https://pypi.org/project/sphinxcontrib-operationdomain/>`__ +* `PHP <https://pypi.org/project/sphinxcontrib-phpdomain/>`__ +* `Ruby <https://pypi.org/project/sphinxcontrib-rubydomain/>`__ +* `Scala <https://pypi.org/project/sphinxcontrib-scaladomain/>`__ |