From 5bb0bb4be543fd5eca41673696a62ed80d493591 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
Date: Wed, 5 Jun 2024 18:20:58 +0200
Subject: Adding upstream version 7.3.7.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
---
 tests/conftest.py                                  |   30 +-
 tests/ext_napoleon_pep526_data_google.py           |   16 -
 tests/ext_napoleon_pep526_data_numpy.py            |   20 -
 tests/js/searchtools.js                            |   99 +-
 tests/roots/test-changes/base.rst                  |    3 +
 tests/roots/test-changes/conf.py                   |    2 +-
 tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/operator-lookup.rst    |   28 +
 tests/roots/test-domain-py/module.rst              |    6 +
 tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/enums.py       |  231 +-
 tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/functions.py   |    3 +
 .../target/inherited_annotations.py                |   17 +
 .../target/singledispatchmethod_classmethod.py     |   31 +
 tests/roots/test-ext-doctest-skipif/conf.py        |    2 +-
 tests/roots/test-ext-doctest/doctest.txt           |    2 +-
 .../test-ext-imgmockconverter/mocksvgconverter.py  |    4 +-
 tests/roots/test-ext-intersphinx-role/index.rst    |    4 +
 tests/roots/test-ext-math-include/conf.py          |    0
 tests/roots/test-ext-math-include/included.rst     |    6 +
 tests/roots/test-ext-math-include/index.rst        |    7 +
 tests/roots/test-ext-math-include/math.rst         |    4 +
 tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon-paramtype/conf.py    |   15 +
 tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon-paramtype/index.rst  |    8 +
 .../test-ext-napoleon-paramtype/pkg/__init__.py    |    0
 tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon-paramtype/pkg/bar.py |   10 +
 tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon-paramtype/pkg/foo.py |   27 +
 tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode/conf.py              |    6 +-
 tests/roots/test-footnotes/index.rst               |    8 +-
 tests/roots/test-images/index.rst                  |    4 +-
 tests/roots/test-intl/definition_terms.txt         |    2 +-
 tests/roots/test-intl/external_links.txt           |   12 +-
 tests/roots/test-intl/raw.txt                      |    2 +-
 tests/roots/test-intl/refs.txt                     |    2 +-
 tests/roots/test-intl/refs_inconsistency.txt       |    2 +-
 tests/roots/test-intl/versionchange.txt            |    2 +
 .../test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/definition_terms.po   |    4 +-
 .../test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/external_links.po     |   12 +-
 tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/raw.po        |    4 +-
 .../test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/versionchange.po      |    2 +
 .../test-linkcheck-anchors-ignore-for-url/conf.py  |    2 +-
 tests/roots/test-linkcheck-anchors-ignore/conf.py  |    2 +-
 .../roots/test-linkcheck-documents_exclude/conf.py |    2 +-
 .../test-linkcheck-localserver-anchor/conf.py      |    2 +-
 .../roots/test-linkcheck-localserver-https/conf.py |    2 +-
 .../conf.py                                        |    2 +-
 tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver/conf.py     |    2 +-
 tests/roots/test-linkcheck-raw-node/conf.py        |    2 +-
 tests/roots/test-linkcheck-raw-node/index.rst      |    2 -
 .../roots/test-linkcheck-too-many-retries/conf.py  |    2 +-
 tests/roots/test-linkcheck/conf.py                 |    2 +-
 tests/roots/test-manpage_url/index.rst             |   10 +-
 tests/roots/test-need-escaped/index.rst            |    2 +-
 tests/roots/test-roles-download/index.rst          |    2 +-
 tests/roots/test-root/conf.py                      |    4 +-
 tests/roots/test-root/images.txt                   |    3 -
 tests/roots/test-root/index.txt                    |    6 +-
 tests/roots/test-root/markup.txt                   |    5 +-
 tests/roots/test-toctree/index.rst                 |    6 +-
 tests/roots/test-versioning/insert_beginning.txt   |    2 +-
 tests/test_addnodes.py                             |    8 +-
 tests/test_api_translator.py                       |   92 -
 tests/test_application.py                          |   18 +-
 tests/test_build.py                                |  135 -
 tests/test_build_changes.py                        |   34 -
 tests/test_build_dirhtml.py                        |   40 -
 tests/test_build_epub.py                           |  411 ---
 tests/test_build_gettext.py                        |  235 --
 tests/test_build_html.py                           | 1841 ------------
 tests/test_build_latex.py                          | 1755 ------------
 tests/test_build_linkcheck.py                      |  989 -------
 tests/test_build_manpage.py                        |  105 -
 tests/test_build_texinfo.py                        |  155 --
 tests/test_build_text.py                           |  278 --
 tests/test_builder.py                              |   39 -
 tests/test_builders/__init__.py                    |    0
 tests/test_builders/conftest.py                    |   28 +
 tests/test_builders/test_build.py                  |  165 ++
 tests/test_builders/test_build_changes.py          |   34 +
 tests/test_builders/test_build_dirhtml.py          |   40 +
 tests/test_builders/test_build_epub.py             |  417 +++
 tests/test_builders/test_build_gettext.py          |  235 ++
 tests/test_builders/test_build_html.py             |  378 +++
 tests/test_builders/test_build_html_5_output.py    |  276 ++
 tests/test_builders/test_build_html_assets.py      |  152 +
 tests/test_builders/test_build_html_code.py        |   46 +
 tests/test_builders/test_build_html_download.py    |   62 +
 tests/test_builders/test_build_html_highlight.py   |   61 +
 tests/test_builders/test_build_html_image.py       |   80 +
 tests/test_builders/test_build_html_maths.py       |   58 +
 tests/test_builders/test_build_html_numfig.py      |  487 ++++
 tests/test_builders/test_build_html_tocdepth.py    |   94 +
 tests/test_builders/test_build_latex.py            | 1759 ++++++++++++
 tests/test_builders/test_build_linkcheck.py        | 1040 +++++++
 tests/test_builders/test_build_manpage.py          |  104 +
 tests/test_builders/test_build_texinfo.py          |  130 +
 tests/test_builders/test_build_text.py             |  278 ++
 tests/test_builders/test_build_warnings.py         |   89 +
 tests/test_builders/test_builder.py                |   44 +
 tests/test_builders/xpath_data.py                  |    8 +
 tests/test_builders/xpath_util.py                  |   79 +
 tests/test_catalogs.py                             |   74 -
 tests/test_config.py                               |  517 ----
 tests/test_config/__init__.py                      |    0
 tests/test_config/test_config.py                   |  805 ++++++
 tests/test_config/test_correct_year.py             |   29 +
 tests/test_correct_year.py                         |   29 -
 tests/test_directive_code.py                       |  595 ----
 tests/test_directive_object_description.py         |   59 -
 tests/test_directive_only.py                       |   46 -
 tests/test_directive_other.py                      |  195 --
 tests/test_directive_patch.py                      |  110 -
 tests/test_directives/__init__.py                  |    0
 tests/test_directives/test_directive_code.py       |  595 ++++
 .../test_directive_object_description.py           |   59 +
 tests/test_directives/test_directive_only.py       |   46 +
 tests/test_directives/test_directive_option.py     |   40 +
 tests/test_directives/test_directive_other.py      |  195 ++
 tests/test_directives/test_directive_patch.py      |  110 +
 .../test_directives_no_typesetting.py              |  108 +
 tests/test_directives_no_typesetting.py            |  108 -
 tests/test_docutilsconf.py                         |   29 -
 tests/test_domain_c.py                             | 1076 -------
 tests/test_domain_cpp.py                           | 1744 ------------
 tests/test_domain_js.py                            |  505 ----
 tests/test_domain_py.py                            | 2123 --------------
 tests/test_domain_rst.py                           |  137 -
 tests/test_domain_std.py                           |  495 ----
 tests/test_domains/__init__.py                     |    0
 tests/test_domains/test_domain_c.py                | 1072 +++++++
 tests/test_domains/test_domain_cpp.py              | 1753 ++++++++++++
 tests/test_domains/test_domain_js.py               |  505 ++++
 tests/test_domains/test_domain_py.py               | 1015 +++++++
 tests/test_domains/test_domain_py_canonical.py     |   77 +
 tests/test_domains/test_domain_py_fields.py        |  326 +++
 tests/test_domains/test_domain_py_pyfunction.py    |  396 +++
 tests/test_domains/test_domain_py_pyobject.py      |  487 ++++
 tests/test_domains/test_domain_rst.py              |  137 +
 tests/test_domains/test_domain_std.py              |  517 ++++
 tests/test_environment.py                          |  145 -
 tests/test_environment/__init__.py                 |    0
 tests/test_environment/test_environment.py         |  145 +
 .../test_environment_indexentries.py               |  166 ++
 .../test_environment_record_dependencies.py        |   10 +
 tests/test_environment/test_environment_toctree.py |  396 +++
 tests/test_environment_indexentries.py             |  166 --
 tests/test_environment_record_dependencies.py      |   10 -
 tests/test_environment_toctree.py                  |  396 ---
 tests/test_events.py                               |   10 +-
 tests/test_ext_apidoc.py                           |  665 -----
 tests/test_ext_autodoc.py                          | 2537 -----------------
 tests/test_ext_autodoc_autoattribute.py            |  176 --
 tests/test_ext_autodoc_autoclass.py                |  517 ----
 tests/test_ext_autodoc_autodata.py                 |  106 -
 tests/test_ext_autodoc_autofunction.py             |  201 --
 tests/test_ext_autodoc_automodule.py               |  192 --
 tests/test_ext_autodoc_autoproperty.py             |   91 -
 tests/test_ext_autodoc_configs.py                  | 1727 ------------
 tests/test_ext_autodoc_events.py                   |  118 -
 tests/test_ext_autodoc_mock.py                     |  152 -
 tests/test_ext_autodoc_preserve_defaults.py        |  192 --
 tests/test_ext_autodoc_private_members.py          |  158 --
 tests/test_ext_autosectionlabel.py                 |   77 -
 tests/test_ext_autosummary.py                      |  686 -----
 tests/test_ext_coverage.py                         |  101 -
 tests/test_ext_doctest.py                          |  136 -
 tests/test_ext_duration.py                         |   14 -
 tests/test_ext_extlinks.py                         |   45 -
 tests/test_ext_githubpages.py                      |   26 -
 tests/test_ext_graphviz.py                         |  196 --
 tests/test_ext_ifconfig.py                         |   28 -
 tests/test_ext_imgconverter.py                     |   34 -
 tests/test_ext_imgmockconverter.py                 |   17 -
 tests/test_ext_inheritance_diagram.py              |  342 ---
 tests/test_ext_intersphinx.py                      |  568 ----
 tests/test_ext_math.py                             |  345 ---
 tests/test_ext_napoleon.py                         |  218 --
 tests/test_ext_napoleon_docstring.py               | 2660 ------------------
 tests/test_ext_todo.py                             |  109 -
 tests/test_ext_viewcode.py                         |  137 -
 tests/test_extension.py                            |   23 -
 tests/test_extensions/__init__.py                  |    0
 tests/test_extensions/autodoc_util.py              |   33 +
 .../ext_napoleon_pep526_data_google.py             |   16 +
 .../ext_napoleon_pep526_data_numpy.py              |   21 +
 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_apidoc.py           |  663 +++++
 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc.py          | 2923 ++++++++++++++++++++
 .../test_ext_autodoc_autoattribute.py              |  176 ++
 .../test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_autoclass.py  |  566 ++++
 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_autodata.py |  106 +
 .../test_ext_autodoc_autofunction.py               |  212 ++
 .../test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_automodule.py |  192 ++
 .../test_ext_autodoc_autoproperty.py               |   91 +
 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_configs.py  | 1743 ++++++++++++
 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_events.py   |  118 +
 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_mock.py     |  152 +
 .../test_ext_autodoc_preserve_defaults.py          |  192 ++
 .../test_ext_autodoc_private_members.py            |  158 ++
 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autosectionlabel.py |   77 +
 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autosummary.py      |  686 +++++
 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_coverage.py         |  101 +
 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_doctest.py          |  135 +
 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_duration.py         |   14 +
 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_extlinks.py         |   45 +
 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_githubpages.py      |   26 +
 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_graphviz.py         |  196 ++
 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_ifconfig.py         |   28 +
 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_imgconverter.py     |   35 +
 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_imgmockconverter.py |   17 +
 .../test_ext_inheritance_diagram.py                |  342 +++
 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_intersphinx.py      |  584 ++++
 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_math.py             |  389 +++
 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_napoleon.py         |  218 ++
 .../test_extensions/test_ext_napoleon_docstring.py | 2703 ++++++++++++++++++
 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_todo.py             |  108 +
 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_viewcode.py         |  137 +
 tests/test_extensions/test_extension.py            |   23 +
 tests/test_intl.py                                 | 1527 ----------
 tests/test_intl/__init__.py                        |    0
 tests/test_intl/test_catalogs.py                   |   74 +
 tests/test_intl/test_intl.py                       | 1672 +++++++++++
 tests/test_intl/test_locale.py                     |   76 +
 tests/test_locale.py                               |   76 -
 tests/test_markup.py                               |  619 -----
 tests/test_markup/__init__.py                      |    0
 tests/test_markup/test_markup.py                   |  619 +++++
 tests/test_markup/test_metadata.py                 |   43 +
 tests/test_markup/test_parser.py                   |   57 +
 tests/test_markup/test_smartquotes.py              |   98 +
 tests/test_metadata.py                             |   43 -
 tests/test_parser.py                               |   57 -
 tests/test_pycode.py                               |  173 --
 tests/test_pycode/__init__.py                      |    0
 tests/test_pycode/test_pycode.py                   |  173 ++
 tests/test_pycode/test_pycode_ast.py               |   68 +
 tests/test_pycode/test_pycode_parser.py            |  511 ++++
 tests/test_pycode_ast.py                           |   62 -
 tests/test_pycode_parser.py                        |  511 ----
 tests/test_quickstart.py                           |    2 +-
 tests/test_search.py                               |   60 +-
 tests/test_smartquotes.py                          |   99 -
 tests/test_templating.py                           |   41 -
 tests/test_theming.py                              |  131 -
 tests/test_theming/__init__.py                     |    0
 tests/test_theming/test_html_theme.py              |   35 +
 tests/test_theming/test_templating.py              |   48 +
 tests/test_theming/test_theming.py                 |  227 ++
 tests/test_theming/theme.conf                      |    7 +
 tests/test_theming/theme.toml                      |   10 +
 tests/test_toctree.py                              |    6 +-
 tests/test_transforms/__init__.py                  |    0
 .../test_transforms_move_module_targets.py         |   77 +
 .../test_transforms_post_transforms.py             |  269 ++
 .../test_transforms_post_transforms_code.py        |   44 +
 .../test_transforms_reorder_nodes.py               |   96 +
 tests/test_transforms_move_module_targets.py       |   77 -
 tests/test_transforms_post_transforms.py           |  268 --
 tests/test_transforms_post_transforms_code.py      |   44 -
 tests/test_transforms_reorder_nodes.py             |   96 -
 tests/test_util.py                                 |   73 -
 tests/test_util/__init__.py                        |    0
 tests/test_util/intersphinx_data.py                |   52 +
 tests/test_util/test_util.py                       |   73 +
 tests/test_util/test_util_console.py               |   90 +
 tests/test_util/test_util_display.py               |  105 +
 tests/test_util/test_util_docstrings.py            |   88 +
 tests/test_util/test_util_docutils.py              |   92 +
 tests/test_util/test_util_fileutil.py              |  103 +
 tests/test_util/test_util_i18n.py                  |  192 ++
 tests/test_util/test_util_images.py                |   74 +
 tests/test_util/test_util_inspect.py               |  853 ++++++
 tests/test_util/test_util_inventory.py             |   78 +
 tests/test_util/test_util_logging.py               |  414 +++
 tests/test_util/test_util_matching.py              |  174 ++
 tests/test_util/test_util_nodes.py                 |  254 ++
 tests/test_util/test_util_rst.py                   |  164 ++
 tests/test_util/test_util_template.py              |   29 +
 tests/test_util/test_util_typing.py                |  633 +++++
 tests/test_util/typing_test_data.py                |  129 +
 tests/test_util_display.py                         |  103 -
 tests/test_util_docstrings.py                      |   88 -
 tests/test_util_docutils.py                        |   92 -
 tests/test_util_fileutil.py                        |  103 -
 tests/test_util_i18n.py                            |  190 --
 tests/test_util_images.py                          |   74 -
 tests/test_util_inspect.py                         |  869 ------
 tests/test_util_inventory.py                       |  116 -
 tests/test_util_logging.py                         |  398 ---
 tests/test_util_matching.py                        |  174 --
 tests/test_util_nodes.py                           |  254 --
 tests/test_util_rst.py                             |  164 --
 tests/test_util_template.py                        |   29 -
 tests/test_util_typing.py                          |  536 ----
 tests/test_writer_latex.py                         |   28 -
 tests/test_writers/__init__.py                     |    0
 tests/test_writers/test_api_translator.py          |   92 +
 tests/test_writers/test_docutilsconf.py            |   29 +
 tests/test_writers/test_writer_latex.py            |   28 +
 tests/typing_test_data.py                          |  129 -
 tests/utils.py                                     |  130 +-
 298 files changed, 37077 insertions(+), 34671 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 tests/ext_napoleon_pep526_data_google.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/ext_napoleon_pep526_data_numpy.py
 create mode 100644 tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/operator-lookup.rst
 create mode 100644 tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/inherited_annotations.py
 create mode 100644 tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/singledispatchmethod_classmethod.py
 create mode 100644 tests/roots/test-ext-math-include/conf.py
 create mode 100644 tests/roots/test-ext-math-include/included.rst
 create mode 100644 tests/roots/test-ext-math-include/index.rst
 create mode 100644 tests/roots/test-ext-math-include/math.rst
 create mode 100644 tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon-paramtype/conf.py
 create mode 100644 tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon-paramtype/index.rst
 create mode 100644 tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon-paramtype/pkg/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon-paramtype/pkg/bar.py
 create mode 100644 tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon-paramtype/pkg/foo.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/roots/test-linkcheck-raw-node/index.rst
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_api_translator.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_build.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_build_changes.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_build_dirhtml.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_build_epub.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_build_gettext.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_build_html.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_build_latex.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_build_linkcheck.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_build_manpage.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_build_texinfo.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_build_text.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_builder.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_builders/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_builders/conftest.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_builders/test_build.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_builders/test_build_changes.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_builders/test_build_dirhtml.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_builders/test_build_epub.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_builders/test_build_gettext.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_builders/test_build_html.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_builders/test_build_html_5_output.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_builders/test_build_html_assets.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_builders/test_build_html_code.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_builders/test_build_html_download.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_builders/test_build_html_highlight.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_builders/test_build_html_image.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_builders/test_build_html_maths.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_builders/test_build_html_numfig.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_builders/test_build_html_tocdepth.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_builders/test_build_latex.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_builders/test_build_linkcheck.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_builders/test_build_manpage.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_builders/test_build_texinfo.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_builders/test_build_text.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_builders/test_build_warnings.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_builders/test_builder.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_builders/xpath_data.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_builders/xpath_util.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_catalogs.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_config.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_config/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_config/test_config.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_config/test_correct_year.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_correct_year.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_directive_code.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_directive_object_description.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_directive_only.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_directive_other.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_directive_patch.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_directives/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_directives/test_directive_code.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_directives/test_directive_object_description.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_directives/test_directive_only.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_directives/test_directive_option.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_directives/test_directive_other.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_directives/test_directive_patch.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_directives/test_directives_no_typesetting.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_directives_no_typesetting.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_docutilsconf.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_domain_c.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_domain_cpp.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_domain_js.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_domain_py.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_domain_rst.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_domain_std.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_domains/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_domains/test_domain_c.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_domains/test_domain_cpp.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_domains/test_domain_js.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_domains/test_domain_py.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_domains/test_domain_py_canonical.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_domains/test_domain_py_fields.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_domains/test_domain_py_pyfunction.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_domains/test_domain_py_pyobject.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_domains/test_domain_rst.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_domains/test_domain_std.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_environment.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_environment/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_environment/test_environment.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_environment/test_environment_indexentries.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_environment/test_environment_record_dependencies.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_environment/test_environment_toctree.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_environment_indexentries.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_environment_record_dependencies.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_environment_toctree.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_ext_apidoc.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_ext_autodoc.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_ext_autodoc_autoattribute.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_ext_autodoc_autoclass.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_ext_autodoc_autodata.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_ext_autodoc_autofunction.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_ext_autodoc_automodule.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_ext_autodoc_autoproperty.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_ext_autodoc_configs.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_ext_autodoc_events.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_ext_autodoc_mock.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_ext_autodoc_preserve_defaults.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_ext_autodoc_private_members.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_ext_autosectionlabel.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_ext_autosummary.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_ext_coverage.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_ext_doctest.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_ext_duration.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_ext_extlinks.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_ext_githubpages.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_ext_graphviz.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_ext_ifconfig.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_ext_imgconverter.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_ext_imgmockconverter.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_ext_inheritance_diagram.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_ext_intersphinx.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_ext_math.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_ext_napoleon.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_ext_napoleon_docstring.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_ext_todo.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_ext_viewcode.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_extension.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/autodoc_util.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/ext_napoleon_pep526_data_google.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/ext_napoleon_pep526_data_numpy.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_apidoc.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_autoattribute.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_autoclass.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_autodata.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_autofunction.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_automodule.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_autoproperty.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_configs.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_events.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_mock.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_preserve_defaults.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_private_members.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autosectionlabel.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autosummary.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_coverage.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_doctest.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_duration.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_extlinks.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_githubpages.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_graphviz.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_ifconfig.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_imgconverter.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_imgmockconverter.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_inheritance_diagram.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_intersphinx.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_math.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_napoleon.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_napoleon_docstring.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_todo.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/test_ext_viewcode.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_extensions/test_extension.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_intl.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_intl/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_intl/test_catalogs.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_intl/test_intl.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_intl/test_locale.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_locale.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_markup.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_markup/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_markup/test_markup.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_markup/test_metadata.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_markup/test_parser.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_markup/test_smartquotes.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_metadata.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_parser.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_pycode.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_pycode/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_pycode/test_pycode.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_pycode/test_pycode_ast.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_pycode/test_pycode_parser.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_pycode_ast.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_pycode_parser.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_smartquotes.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_templating.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_theming.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_theming/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_theming/test_html_theme.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_theming/test_templating.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_theming/test_theming.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_theming/theme.conf
 create mode 100644 tests/test_theming/theme.toml
 create mode 100644 tests/test_transforms/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_transforms/test_transforms_move_module_targets.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_transforms/test_transforms_post_transforms.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_transforms/test_transforms_post_transforms_code.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_transforms/test_transforms_reorder_nodes.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_transforms_move_module_targets.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_transforms_post_transforms.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_transforms_post_transforms_code.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_transforms_reorder_nodes.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_util.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_util/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_util/intersphinx_data.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_util/test_util.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_util/test_util_console.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_util/test_util_display.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_util/test_util_docstrings.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_util/test_util_docutils.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_util/test_util_fileutil.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_util/test_util_i18n.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_util/test_util_images.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_util/test_util_inspect.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_util/test_util_inventory.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_util/test_util_logging.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_util/test_util_matching.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_util/test_util_nodes.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_util/test_util_rst.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_util/test_util_template.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_util/test_util_typing.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_util/typing_test_data.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_util_display.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_util_docstrings.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_util_docutils.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_util_fileutil.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_util_i18n.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_util_images.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_util_inspect.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_util_inventory.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_util_logging.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_util_matching.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_util_nodes.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_util_rst.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_util_template.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_util_typing.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/test_writer_latex.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_writers/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_writers/test_api_translator.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_writers/test_docutilsconf.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_writers/test_writer_latex.py
 delete mode 100644 tests/typing_test_data.py

(limited to 'tests')

diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
index 1b909bd..1c8d525 100644
--- a/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -1,14 +1,25 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import os
+import sys
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 import docutils
 import pytest
 
 import sphinx
 import sphinx.locale
+import sphinx.pycode
+from sphinx.testing.util import _clean_up_global_state
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Iterator
 
 
-def _init_console(locale_dir=sphinx.locale._LOCALE_DIR, catalog='sphinx'):
+def _init_console(
+    locale_dir: str | None = sphinx.locale._LOCALE_DIR, catalog: str = 'sphinx',
+) -> tuple[sphinx.locale.NullTranslations, bool]:
     """Monkeypatch ``init_console`` to skip its action.
 
     Some tests rely on warning messages in English. We don't want
@@ -20,7 +31,7 @@ def _init_console(locale_dir=sphinx.locale._LOCALE_DIR, catalog='sphinx'):
 
 sphinx.locale.init_console = _init_console
 
-pytest_plugins = 'sphinx.testing.fixtures'
+pytest_plugins = ['sphinx.testing.fixtures']
 
 # Exclude 'roots' dirs for pytest test collector
 collect_ignore = ['roots']
@@ -29,12 +40,21 @@ os.environ['SPHINX_AUTODOC_RELOAD_MODULES'] = '1'
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope='session')
-def rootdir():
-    return Path(__file__).parent.absolute() / 'roots'
+def rootdir() -> Path:
+    return Path(__file__).parent.resolve() / 'roots'
 
 
-def pytest_report_header(config):
+def pytest_report_header(config: pytest.Config) -> str:
     header = f"libraries: Sphinx-{sphinx.__display_version__}, docutils-{docutils.__version__}"
     if hasattr(config, '_tmp_path_factory'):
         header += f"\nbase tmp_path: {config._tmp_path_factory.getbasetemp()}"
     return header
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _cleanup_docutils() -> Iterator[None]:
+    saved_path = sys.path
+    yield  # run the test
+    sys.path[:] = saved_path
+
+    _clean_up_global_state()
diff --git a/tests/ext_napoleon_pep526_data_google.py b/tests/ext_napoleon_pep526_data_google.py
deleted file mode 100644
index bb55b0f..0000000
--- a/tests/ext_napoleon_pep526_data_google.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-"""Test module for napoleon PEP 526 compatibility with google style"""
-
-module_level_var: int = 99
-"""This is an example module level variable"""
-
-
-class PEP526GoogleClass:
-    """Sample class with PEP 526 annotations and google docstring
-
-    Attributes:
-        attr1: Attr1 description.
-        attr2: Attr2 description.
-    """
-
-    attr1: int
-    attr2: str
diff --git a/tests/ext_napoleon_pep526_data_numpy.py b/tests/ext_napoleon_pep526_data_numpy.py
deleted file mode 100644
index b3093a7..0000000
--- a/tests/ext_napoleon_pep526_data_numpy.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-"""Test module for napoleon PEP 526 compatibility with numpy style"""
-
-module_level_var: int = 99
-"""This is an example module level variable"""
-
-
-class PEP526NumpyClass:
-    """
-    Sample class with PEP 526 annotations and numpy docstring
-
-    Attributes
-    ----------
-    attr1:
-        Attr1 description
-
-    attr2:
-        Attr2 description
-    """
-    attr1: int
-    attr2: str
diff --git a/tests/js/searchtools.js b/tests/js/searchtools.js
index c9e0c43..4f9984d 100644
--- a/tests/js/searchtools.js
+++ b/tests/js/searchtools.js
@@ -21,7 +21,59 @@ describe('Basic html theme search', function() {
         "&lt;no title&gt;",
         "",
         null,
-        2,
+        5,
+        "index.rst"
+      ]];
+      expect(Search.performTermsSearch(searchterms, excluded, terms, titleterms)).toEqual(hits);
+    });
+
+    it('should be able to search for multiple terms', function() {
+      index = {
+        alltitles: {
+          'Main Page': [[0, 'main-page']],
+        },
+        docnames:["index"],
+        filenames:["index.rst"],
+        terms:{main:0, page:0},
+        titles:["Main Page"],
+        titleterms:{ main:0, page:0 }
+      }
+      Search.setIndex(index);
+
+      searchterms = ['main', 'page'];
+      excluded = [];
+      terms = index.terms;
+      titleterms = index.titleterms;
+      hits = [[
+        'index',
+        'Main Page',
+        '',
+        null,
+        15,
+        'index.rst']];
+      expect(Search.performTermsSearch(searchterms, excluded, terms, titleterms)).toEqual(hits);
+    });
+
+    it('should partially-match "sphinx" when in title index', function() {
+      index = {
+        docnames:["index"],
+        filenames:["index.rst"],
+        terms:{'useful': 0, 'utilities': 0},
+        titles:["sphinx_utils module"],
+        titleterms:{'sphinx_utils': 0}
+      }
+      Search.setIndex(index);
+      searchterms = ['sphinx'];
+      excluded = [];
+      terms = index.terms;
+      titleterms = index.titleterms;
+
+      hits = [[
+        "index",
+        "sphinx_utils module",
+        "",
+        null,
+        7,
         "index.rst"
       ]];
       expect(Search.performTermsSearch(searchterms, excluded, terms, titleterms)).toEqual(hits);
@@ -31,6 +83,51 @@ describe('Basic html theme search', function() {
 
 });
 
+describe("htmlToText", function() {
+
+  const testHTML = `<html>
+  <body>
+    <script src="directory/filename.js"></script>
+    <div class="body" role="main">
+      <script>
+        console.log('dynamic');
+      </script>
+      <style>
+        div.body p.centered {
+          text-align: center;
+          margin-top: 25px;
+        }
+      </style>
+      <!-- main content -->
+      <section id="getting-started">
+        <h1>Getting Started</h1>
+        <p>Some text</p>
+      </section>
+      <section id="other-section">
+        <h1>Other Section</h1>
+        <p>Other text</p>
+      </section>
+      <section id="yet-another-section">
+        <h1>Yet Another Section</h1>
+        <p>More text</p>
+      </section>
+    </div>
+  </body>
+  </html>`;
+
+  it("basic case", () => {
+    expect(Search.htmlToText(testHTML).trim().split(/\s+/)).toEqual([
+      'Getting', 'Started', 'Some', 'text', 
+      'Other', 'Section', 'Other', 'text', 
+      'Yet', 'Another', 'Section', 'More', 'text'
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it("will start reading from the anchor", () => {
+    expect(Search.htmlToText(testHTML, '#other-section').trim().split(/\s+/)).toEqual(['Other', 'Section', 'Other', 'text']);
+  });
+});
+
 // This is regression test for https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/3150
 describe('splitQuery regression tests', () => {
 
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-changes/base.rst b/tests/roots/test-changes/base.rst
index a1b2839..81d90e6 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-changes/base.rst
+++ b/tests/roots/test-changes/base.rst
@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ Version markup
 .. deprecated:: 0.6
    Boring stuff.
 
+.. versionremoved:: 0.6
+   Goodbye boring stuff.
+
 .. versionadded:: 1.2
 
    First paragraph of versionadded.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-changes/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-changes/conf.py
index c3b2169..29bea6a 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-changes/conf.py
+++ b/tests/roots/test-changes/conf.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 project = 'Sphinx ChangesBuilder tests'
-copyright = '2007-2023 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS'
+copyright = '2007-2024 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS'
 version = '0.6'
 release = '0.6alpha1'
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/operator-lookup.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/operator-lookup.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..671b91b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/operator-lookup.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+When doing name resolution there are 4 different idenOrOps:
+
+- identifier
+- built-in operator
+- user-defined literal
+- type conversion
+
+.. cpp:function:: int g()
+.. cpp:function:: int operator+(int, int)
+.. cpp:function:: int operator""_lit()
+
+.. cpp:class:: B
+
+   .. cpp:function:: operator int()
+
+   Functions that can't be found:
+
+   - :cpp:func:`int h()`
+   - :cpp:func:`int operator+(bool, bool)`
+   - :cpp:func:`int operator""_udl()`
+   - :cpp:func:`operator bool()`
+
+   Functions that should be found:
+
+   - :cpp:func:`int g()`
+   - :cpp:func:`int operator+(int, int)`
+   - :cpp:func:`int operator""_lit()`
+   - :cpp:func:`operator int()`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-py/module.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-py/module.rst
index 4a28068..70098f6 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-domain-py/module.rst
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-py/module.rst
@@ -58,3 +58,9 @@ module
 .. py:module:: object
 
 .. py:function:: sum()
+
+.. py:data:: test
+    :type: typing.Literal[2]
+
+.. py:data:: test2
+    :type: typing.Literal[-2]
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/enums.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/enums.py
index c69455f..6b27316 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/enums.py
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/enums.py
@@ -1,10 +1,46 @@
+# ruff: NoQA: D403, PIE796
 import enum
+from typing import final
+
+
+class MemberType:
+    """Custom data type with a simple API."""
+
+    # this mangled attribute will never be shown on subclasses
+    # even if :inherited-members: and :private-members: are set
+    __slots__ = ('__data',)
+
+    def __new__(cls, value):
+        self = object.__new__(cls)
+        self.__data = value
+        return self
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        """inherited"""
+        return self.__data
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return repr(self.__data)
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        # data types must be pickable, otherwise enum classes using this data
+        # type will be forced to be non-pickable and have their __module__ set
+        # to '<unknown>' instead of, for instance, '__main__'
+        return self.__class__, (self.__data,)
+
+    @final
+    @property
+    def dtype(self):
+        """docstring"""
+        return 'str'
+
+    def isupper(self):
+        """inherited"""
+        return self.__data.isupper()
 
 
 class EnumCls(enum.Enum):
-    """
-    this is enum class
-    """
+    """this is enum class"""
 
     #: doc for val1
     val1 = 12
@@ -15,9 +51,194 @@ class EnumCls(enum.Enum):
 
     def say_hello(self):
         """a method says hello to you."""
-        pass
 
     @classmethod
     def say_goodbye(cls):
         """a classmethod says good-bye to you."""
-        pass
+
+
+class EnumClassWithDataType(MemberType, enum.Enum):
+    """this is enum class"""
+
+    x = 'x'
+
+    def say_hello(self):
+        """docstring"""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def say_goodbye(cls):
+        """docstring"""
+
+
+class ToUpperCase:  # not inheriting from enum.Enum
+    @property
+    def value(self):  # bypass enum.Enum.value
+        """uppercased"""
+        return str(self._value_).upper()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+
+class Greeter:
+    def say_hello(self):
+        """inherited"""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def say_goodbye(cls):
+        """inherited"""
+
+
+class EnumClassWithMixinType(ToUpperCase, enum.Enum):
+    """this is enum class"""
+
+    x = 'x'
+
+    def say_hello(self):
+        """docstring"""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def say_goodbye(cls):
+        """docstring"""
+
+
+class EnumClassWithMixinTypeInherit(Greeter, ToUpperCase, enum.Enum):
+    """this is enum class"""
+
+    x = 'x'
+
+
+class Overridden(enum.Enum):
+    def override(self):
+        """inherited"""
+        return 1
+
+
+class EnumClassWithMixinEnumType(Greeter, Overridden, enum.Enum):
+    """this is enum class"""
+
+    x = 'x'
+
+    def override(self):
+        """overridden"""
+        return 2
+
+
+class EnumClassWithMixinAndDataType(Greeter, ToUpperCase, MemberType, enum.Enum):
+    """this is enum class"""
+
+    x = 'x'
+
+    def say_hello(self):
+        """overridden"""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def say_goodbye(cls):
+        """overridden"""
+
+    def isupper(self):
+        """overridden"""
+        return False
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        """overridden"""
+        return super().__str__()
+
+
+class _ParentEnum(Greeter, Overridden, enum.Enum):
+    """docstring"""
+
+
+class EnumClassWithParentEnum(ToUpperCase, MemberType, _ParentEnum, enum.Enum):
+    """this is enum class"""
+
+    x = 'x'
+
+    def isupper(self):
+        """overridden"""
+        return False
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        """overridden"""
+        return super().__str__()
+
+
+class _SunderMissingInNonEnumMixin:
+    @classmethod
+    def _missing_(cls, value):
+        """inherited"""
+        return super()._missing_(value)  # type: ignore[misc]
+
+
+class _SunderMissingInEnumMixin(enum.Enum):
+    @classmethod
+    def _missing_(cls, value):
+        """inherited"""
+        return super()._missing_(value)
+
+
+class _SunderMissingInDataType(MemberType):
+    @classmethod
+    def _missing_(cls, value):
+        """inherited"""
+        return super()._missing_(value)  # type: ignore[misc]
+
+
+class EnumSunderMissingInNonEnumMixin(_SunderMissingInNonEnumMixin, enum.Enum):
+    """this is enum class"""
+
+
+class EnumSunderMissingInEnumMixin(_SunderMissingInEnumMixin, enum.Enum):
+    """this is enum class"""
+
+
+class EnumSunderMissingInDataType(_SunderMissingInDataType, enum.Enum):
+    """this is enum class"""
+
+
+class EnumSunderMissingInClass(enum.Enum):
+    """this is enum class"""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _missing_(cls, value):
+        """docstring"""
+        return super()._missing_(value)
+
+
+class _NamePropertyInNonEnumMixin:
+    @property
+    def name(self):
+        """inherited"""
+        return super().name  # type: ignore[misc]
+
+
+class _NamePropertyInEnumMixin(enum.Enum):
+    @property
+    def name(self):
+        """inherited"""
+        return super().name
+
+
+class _NamePropertyInDataType(MemberType):
+    @property
+    def name(self):
+        """inherited"""
+        return super().name  # type: ignore[misc]
+
+
+class EnumNamePropertyInNonEnumMixin(_NamePropertyInNonEnumMixin, enum.Enum):
+    """this is enum class"""
+
+
+class EnumNamePropertyInEnumMixin(_NamePropertyInEnumMixin, enum.Enum):
+    """this is enum class"""
+
+
+class EnumNamePropertyInDataType(_NamePropertyInDataType, enum.Enum):
+    """this is enum class"""
+
+
+class EnumNamePropertyInClass(enum.Enum):
+    """this is enum class"""
+
+    @property
+    def name(self):
+        """docstring"""
+        return super().name
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/functions.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/functions.py
index b62aa70..0265fb3 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/functions.py
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/functions.py
@@ -17,3 +17,6 @@ partial_coroutinefunc = partial(coroutinefunc)
 
 builtin_func = print
 partial_builtin_func = partial(print)
+
+def slice_arg_func(arg: 'float64[:, :]'):
+    pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/inherited_annotations.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/inherited_annotations.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ae58a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/inherited_annotations.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+"""
+    Test case for #11387 corner case involving inherited
+    members with type annotations on python 3.9 and earlier
+"""
+
+class HasTypeAnnotatedMember:
+    inherit_me: int
+    """Inherited"""
+
+class NoTypeAnnotation(HasTypeAnnotatedMember):
+    a = 1
+    """Local"""
+
+class NoTypeAnnotation2(HasTypeAnnotatedMember):
+    a = 1
+    """Local"""
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/singledispatchmethod_classmethod.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/singledispatchmethod_classmethod.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..039fada
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/singledispatchmethod_classmethod.py
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+from functools import singledispatchmethod
+
+
+class Foo:
+    """docstring"""
+
+    @singledispatchmethod
+    @classmethod
+    def class_meth(cls, arg, kwarg=None):
+        """A class method for general use."""
+        pass
+
+    @class_meth.register(int)
+    @class_meth.register(float)
+    @classmethod
+    def _class_meth_int(cls, arg, kwarg=None):
+        """A class method for numbers."""
+        pass
+
+    @class_meth.register(str)
+    @classmethod
+    def _class_meth_str(cls, arg, kwarg=None):
+        """A class method for str."""
+        pass
+
+    @class_meth.register
+    @classmethod
+    def _class_meth_dict(cls, arg: dict, kwarg=None):
+        """A class method for dict."""
+        # This function tests for specifying type through annotations
+        pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest-skipif/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest-skipif/conf.py
index 6f54982..cd8f3eb 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest-skipif/conf.py
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest-skipif/conf.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ source_suffix = '.txt'
 exclude_patterns = ['_build']
 
 doctest_global_setup = '''
-from tests.test_ext_doctest import record
+from tests.test_extensions.test_ext_doctest import record
 
 record('doctest_global_setup', 'body', True)
 '''
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest/doctest.txt b/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest/doctest.txt
index 04780cf..0adcf74 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest/doctest.txt
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest/doctest.txt
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ Special directives
 
 .. testcleanup:: *
 
-   from tests import test_ext_doctest
+   from tests.test_extensions import test_ext_doctest
    test_ext_doctest.cleanup_call()
 
 non-ASCII result
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-imgmockconverter/mocksvgconverter.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-imgmockconverter/mocksvgconverter.py
index 43368de..c092860 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-ext-imgmockconverter/mocksvgconverter.py
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-imgmockconverter/mocksvgconverter.py
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ from sphinx.transforms.post_transforms.images import ImageConverter
 
 if False:
     # For type annotation
-    from typing import Any, Dict  # NOQA
+    from typing import Any, Dict  # NoQA
 
-    from sphinx.application import Sphinx  # NOQA
+    from sphinx.application import Sphinx  # NoQA
 
 class MyConverter(ImageConverter):
     conversion_rules = [
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-intersphinx-role/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-intersphinx-role/index.rst
index 58edb7a..63bccf0 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-ext-intersphinx-role/index.rst
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-intersphinx-role/index.rst
@@ -39,6 +39,10 @@
 - a class with explicit non-existing inventory, which also has upper-case in name:
   :external+invNope:cpp:class:`foo::Bar`
 
+- An object type being mistakenly used instead of a role name:
+
+  - :external+inv:c:function:`CFunc`
+  - :external+inv:function:`CFunc`
 
 - explicit title:
   :external:cpp:type:`FoonsTitle <foons>`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-math-include/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-math-include/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-math-include/included.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-math-include/included.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7fb746e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-math-include/included.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+Title
+=====
+
+Some file including some maths.
+
+.. include:: math.rst
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-math-include/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-math-include/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc95338
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-math-include/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Test Math
+=========
+
+.. toctree::
+   :numbered: 1
+
+   included
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-math-include/math.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-math-include/math.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4266d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-math-include/math.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+:math:`1 + 1 = 2`
+=================
+
+Lorem ipsum.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon-paramtype/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon-paramtype/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34e2274
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon-paramtype/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
+extensions = [
+    'sphinx.ext.autodoc',
+    'sphinx.ext.napoleon',
+    'sphinx.ext.intersphinx'
+]
+
+# Python inventory is manually created in the test
+# in order to avoid creating a real HTTP connection
+intersphinx_mapping = {}
+intersphinx_cache_limit = 0
+intersphinx_disabled_reftypes = []
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon-paramtype/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon-paramtype/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5540897
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon-paramtype/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+test-ext-napoleon
+=================
+
+.. automodule:: pkg.bar
+   :members:
+
+.. automodule:: pkg.foo
+   :members:
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon-paramtype/pkg/__init__.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon-paramtype/pkg/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon-paramtype/pkg/bar.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon-paramtype/pkg/bar.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1ae794
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon-paramtype/pkg/bar.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+class Bar:
+    """The bar."""
+    def list(self) -> None:
+        """A list method."""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def int() -> float:
+        """An int method."""
+        return 1.0
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon-paramtype/pkg/foo.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon-paramtype/pkg/foo.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6979f9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon-paramtype/pkg/foo.py
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+class Foo:
+    """The foo."""
+    def do(
+        self,
+        *,
+        keyword_paramtype,
+        keyword_kwtype,
+        kwarg_paramtype,
+        kwarg_kwtype,
+        kwparam_paramtype,
+        kwparam_kwtype,
+    ):
+        """Some method.
+
+        :keyword keyword_paramtype: some param
+        :paramtype keyword_paramtype: list[int]
+        :keyword keyword_kwtype: some param
+        :kwtype keyword_kwtype: list[int]
+        :kwarg kwarg_paramtype: some param
+        :paramtype kwarg_paramtype: list[int]
+        :kwarg kwarg_kwtype: some param
+        :kwtype kwarg_kwtype: list[int]
+        :kwparam kwparam_paramtype: some param
+        :paramtype kwparam_paramtype: list[int]
+        :kwparam kwparam_kwtype: some param
+        :kwtype kwparam_kwtype: list[int]
+        """
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode/conf.py
index 5e07214..d6de1d9 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode/conf.py
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode/conf.py
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ if 'test_linkcode' in tags:
     def linkcode_resolve(domain, info):
         if domain == 'py':
             fn = info['module'].replace('.', '/')
-            return "http://foobar/source/%s.py" % fn
+            return "https://foobar/source/%s.py" % fn
         elif domain == "js":
-            return "http://foobar/js/" + info['fullname']
+            return "https://foobar/js/" + info['fullname']
         elif domain in ("c", "cpp"):
-            return f"http://foobar/{domain}/{''.join(info['names'])}"
+            return f"https://foobar/{domain}/{''.join(info['names'])}"
         else:
             raise AssertionError()
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-footnotes/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-footnotes/index.rst
index f2c5d0e..e4490ed 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-footnotes/index.rst
+++ b/tests/roots/test-footnotes/index.rst
@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ The section with a reference to [AuthorYear]_
 
 * First footnote: [#]_
 * Second footnote: [1]_
-* `Sphinx <http://sphinx-doc.org/>`_
+* `Sphinx <https://sphinx-doc.org/>`_
 * Third footnote: [#]_
 * Fourth footnote: [#named]_
-* `URL including tilde <http://sphinx-doc.org/~test/>`_
+* `URL including tilde <https://sphinx-doc.org/~test/>`_
 * GitHub Page: `https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx <https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx>`_
 * Mailing list: `sphinx-dev@googlegroups.com <mailto:sphinx-dev@googlegroups.com>`_
 
@@ -49,13 +49,13 @@ The section with a reference to [#]_
 
 .. [#] Footnote in section
 
-`URL in term <http://sphinx-doc.org/>`_
+`URL in term <https://sphinx-doc.org/>`_
     Description Description Description ...
 
 Footnote in term [#]_
     Description Description Description ...
 
-    `Term in deflist <http://sphinx-doc.org/>`_
+    `Term in deflist <https://sphinx-doc.org/>`_
         Description2
 
 .. [#] Footnote in term
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-images/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-images/index.rst
index 14a2987..9b9aac1 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-images/index.rst
+++ b/tests/roots/test-images/index.rst
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ test-image
    :target: https://www.python.org/
 
 .. a remote image
-.. image:: https://www.python.org/static/img/python-logo.png
+.. image:: http://localhost:7777/sphinx.png
 
 .. non-exist remote image
-.. image:: https://www.google.com/NOT_EXIST.PNG
+.. image:: http://localhost:7777/NOT_EXIST.PNG
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/definition_terms.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/definition_terms.txt
index 4c56288..19d4fcb 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-intl/definition_terms.txt
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/definition_terms.txt
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ i18n with definition terms
 Some term
    The corresponding definition
 
-Some *term* `with link <http://sphinx-doc.org/>`__
+Some *term* `with link <https://sphinx-doc.org/>`__
    The corresponding definition #2
 
 Some **term** with : classifier1  : classifier2
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/external_links.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/external_links.txt
index 1cecbee..2d0c063 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-intl/external_links.txt
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/external_links.txt
@@ -8,12 +8,12 @@ External link to Python_.
 
 Internal link to `i18n with external links`_.
 
-Inline link by `Sphinx Site <http://sphinx-doc.org>`_.
+Inline link by `Sphinx Site <https://sphinx-doc.org>`_.
 
 Unnamed link__.
 
-.. _Python: http://python.org/index.html
-.. __: http://google.com
+.. _Python: https://python.org/index.html
+.. __: https://google.com
 
 
 link target swapped translation
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ link target swapped translation
 
 link to external1_ and external2_.
 
-link to `Sphinx Site <http://sphinx-doc.org>`_ and `Python Site <http://python.org>`_.
+link to `Sphinx Site <https://sphinx-doc.org>`_ and `Python Site <https://python.org>`_.
 
 .. _external1: https://www.google.com/external1
 .. _external2: https://www.google.com/external2
@@ -30,6 +30,6 @@ link to `Sphinx Site <http://sphinx-doc.org>`_ and `Python Site <http://python.o
 Multiple references in the same line
 =====================================
 
-Link to `Sphinx Site <http://sphinx-doc.org>`_, `Python Site <http://python.org>`_, Python_, Unnamed__ and `i18n with external links`_.
+Link to `Sphinx Site <https://sphinx-doc.org>`_, `Python Site <https://python.org>`_, Python_, Unnamed__ and `i18n with external links`_.
 
-.. __: http://google.com
+.. __: https://google.com
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/raw.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/raw.txt
index fe77f6c..1825941 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-intl/raw.txt
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/raw.txt
@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ Raw
 
 .. raw:: html
 
-   <iframe src="http://sphinx-doc.org"></iframe>
+   <iframe src="https://sphinx-doc.org"></iframe>
 
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/refs.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/refs.txt
index 4a094b2..ab52ef1 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-intl/refs.txt
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/refs.txt
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Translation Tips
 
 .. _download Sphinx: https://pypi.org/project/Sphinx/
 .. _Docutils site: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/
-.. _Sphinx site: http://sphinx-doc.org/
+.. _Sphinx site: https://sphinx-doc.org/
 
 
 A-1. Here's how you can `download Sphinx`_.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/refs_inconsistency.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/refs_inconsistency.txt
index b16623a..4840597 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-intl/refs_inconsistency.txt
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/refs_inconsistency.txt
@@ -10,4 +10,4 @@ i18n with refs inconsistency
 .. [#] This is a auto numbered footnote.
 .. [ref2] This is a citation.
 .. [100] This is a numbered footnote.
-.. _reference: http://www.example.com
+.. _reference: https://www.example.com
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/versionchange.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/versionchange.txt
index 4c57e14..7645342 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-intl/versionchange.txt
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/versionchange.txt
@@ -14,3 +14,5 @@ i18n with versionchange
 .. versionchanged:: 1.0
 
    This is the *first* paragraph of versionchanged.
+
+.. versionremoved:: 1.0 This is the *first* paragraph of versionremoved.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/definition_terms.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/definition_terms.po
index 1752dd6..a19c9d1 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/definition_terms.po
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/definition_terms.po
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ msgstr "SOME TERM"
 msgid "The corresponding definition"
 msgstr "THE CORRESPONDING DEFINITION"
 
-msgid "Some *term* `with link <http://sphinx-doc.org/>`__"
-msgstr "SOME *TERM* `WITH LINK <http://sphinx-doc.org/>`__"
+msgid "Some *term* `with link <https://sphinx-doc.org/>`__"
+msgstr "SOME *TERM* `WITH LINK <https://sphinx-doc.org/>`__"
 
 msgid "The corresponding definition #2"
 msgstr "THE CORRESPONDING DEFINITION #2"
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/external_links.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/external_links.po
index 8c53abb..345dc95 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/external_links.po
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/external_links.po
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ msgstr "EXTERNAL LINK TO Python_."
 msgid "Internal link to `i18n with external links`_."
 msgstr "`EXTERNAL LINKS`_ IS INTERNAL LINK."
 
-msgid "Inline link by `Sphinx Site <http://sphinx-doc.org>`_."
-msgstr "INLINE LINK BY `THE SPHINX SITE <http://sphinx-doc.org>`_."
+msgid "Inline link by `Sphinx Site <https://sphinx-doc.org>`_."
+msgstr "INLINE LINK BY `THE SPHINX SITE <https://sphinx-doc.org>`_."
 
 msgid "Unnamed link__."
 msgstr "UNNAMED LINK__."
@@ -37,11 +37,11 @@ msgstr "LINK TARGET SWAPPED TRANSLATION"
 msgid "link to external1_ and external2_."
 msgstr "LINK TO external2_ AND external1_."
 
-msgid "link to `Sphinx Site <http://sphinx-doc.org>`_ and `Python Site <http://python.org>`_."
-msgstr "LINK TO `THE PYTHON SITE <http://python.org>`_ AND `THE SPHINX SITE <http://sphinx-doc.org>`_."
+msgid "link to `Sphinx Site <https://sphinx-doc.org>`_ and `Python Site <https://python.org>`_."
+msgstr "LINK TO `THE PYTHON SITE <https://python.org>`_ AND `THE SPHINX SITE <https://sphinx-doc.org>`_."
 
 msgid "Multiple references in the same line"
 msgstr "MULTIPLE REFERENCES IN THE SAME LINE"
 
-msgid "Link to `Sphinx Site <http://sphinx-doc.org>`_, `Python Site <http://python.org>`_, Python_, Unnamed__ and `i18n with external links`_."
-msgstr "LINK TO `EXTERNAL LINKS`_, Python_, `THE SPHINX SITE <http://sphinx-doc.org>`_, UNNAMED__ AND `THE PYTHON SITE <http://python.org>`_."
+msgid "Link to `Sphinx Site <https://sphinx-doc.org>`_, `Python Site <https://python.org>`_, Python_, Unnamed__ and `i18n with external links`_."
+msgstr "LINK TO `EXTERNAL LINKS`_, Python_, `THE SPHINX SITE <https://sphinx-doc.org>`_, UNNAMED__ AND `THE PYTHON SITE <https://python.org>`_."
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/raw.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/raw.po
index f2e8893..303f46b 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/raw.po
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/raw.po
@@ -16,6 +16,6 @@ msgstr ""
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 
-msgid "<iframe src=\"http://sphinx-doc.org\"></iframe>"
-msgstr "<iframe src=\"HTTP://SPHINX-DOC.ORG\"></iframe>"
+msgid "<iframe src=\"https://sphinx-doc.org\"></iframe>"
+msgstr "<iframe src=\"HTTPS://SPHINX-DOC.ORG\"></iframe>"
 
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/versionchange.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/versionchange.po
index 5a8df38..b1d7865 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/versionchange.po
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/versionchange.po
@@ -31,3 +31,5 @@ msgstr "THIS IS THE *FIRST* PARAGRAPH OF VERSIONADDED."
 msgid "This is the *first* paragraph of versionchanged."
 msgstr "THIS IS THE *FIRST* PARAGRAPH OF VERSIONCHANGED."
 
+msgid "This is the *first* paragraph of versionremoved."
+msgstr "THIS IS THE *FIRST* PARAGRAPH OF VERSIONREMOVED."
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-anchors-ignore-for-url/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-anchors-ignore-for-url/conf.py
index 0005bfa..3fc3628 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-anchors-ignore-for-url/conf.py
+++ b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-anchors-ignore-for-url/conf.py
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 exclude_patterns = ['_build']
 linkcheck_anchors = True
-linkcheck_timeout = 0.05
+linkcheck_timeout = 0.25
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-anchors-ignore/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-anchors-ignore/conf.py
index 0005bfa..3fc3628 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-anchors-ignore/conf.py
+++ b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-anchors-ignore/conf.py
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 exclude_patterns = ['_build']
 linkcheck_anchors = True
-linkcheck_timeout = 0.05
+linkcheck_timeout = 0.25
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-documents_exclude/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-documents_exclude/conf.py
index 52388f9..39fcdcb 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-documents_exclude/conf.py
+++ b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-documents_exclude/conf.py
@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ linkcheck_exclude_documents = [
     '^broken_link$',
     'br[0-9]ken_link',
 ]
-linkcheck_timeout = 0.05
+linkcheck_timeout = 0.25
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver-anchor/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver-anchor/conf.py
index 0005bfa..3fc3628 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver-anchor/conf.py
+++ b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver-anchor/conf.py
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 exclude_patterns = ['_build']
 linkcheck_anchors = True
-linkcheck_timeout = 0.05
+linkcheck_timeout = 0.25
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver-https/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver-https/conf.py
index a2ce01e..85cbe6f 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver-https/conf.py
+++ b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver-https/conf.py
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 exclude_patterns = ['_build']
-linkcheck_timeout = 0.05
+linkcheck_timeout = 0.25
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver-warn-redirects/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver-warn-redirects/conf.py
index a2ce01e..85cbe6f 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver-warn-redirects/conf.py
+++ b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver-warn-redirects/conf.py
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 exclude_patterns = ['_build']
-linkcheck_timeout = 0.05
+linkcheck_timeout = 0.25
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver/conf.py
index a2ce01e..85cbe6f 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver/conf.py
+++ b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver/conf.py
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 exclude_patterns = ['_build']
-linkcheck_timeout = 0.05
+linkcheck_timeout = 0.25
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-raw-node/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-raw-node/conf.py
index a2ce01e..85cbe6f 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-raw-node/conf.py
+++ b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-raw-node/conf.py
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 exclude_patterns = ['_build']
-linkcheck_timeout = 0.05
+linkcheck_timeout = 0.25
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-raw-node/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-raw-node/index.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 76e26b5..0000000
--- a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-raw-node/index.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-.. raw:: html
-   :url: http://localhost:7777/
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-too-many-retries/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-too-many-retries/conf.py
index 0005bfa..3fc3628 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-too-many-retries/conf.py
+++ b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-too-many-retries/conf.py
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 exclude_patterns = ['_build']
 linkcheck_anchors = True
-linkcheck_timeout = 0.05
+linkcheck_timeout = 0.25
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck/conf.py
index 6ddb41a..7cb6a0d 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck/conf.py
+++ b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck/conf.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 root_doc = 'links'
 exclude_patterns = ['_build']
 linkcheck_anchors = True
-linkcheck_timeout = 0.05
+linkcheck_timeout = 0.25
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-manpage_url/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-manpage_url/index.rst
index 50d3b04..6761f97 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-manpage_url/index.rst
+++ b/tests/roots/test-manpage_url/index.rst
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
- * :manpage:`man(1)`
- * :manpage:`ls.1`
- * :manpage:`sphinx`
+The :manpage:`cp(1)`
+--------------------
+* :manpage:`man(1)`
+* :manpage:`ls.1`
+* :manpage:`sphinx`
+* :manpage:`mailx(1) <bsd-mailx/mailx.1>`
+* :manpage:`!man(1)`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-need-escaped/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-need-escaped/index.rst
index 9ef74e0..29a24fa 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-need-escaped/index.rst
+++ b/tests/roots/test-need-escaped/index.rst
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Contents:
 
    foo
    bar
-   http://sphinx-doc.org/
+   https://sphinx-doc.org/
    baz
    qux
 
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-roles-download/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-roles-download/index.rst
index cdb075e..9d2c622 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-roles-download/index.rst
+++ b/tests/roots/test-roles-download/index.rst
@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ test-roles-download
 * :download:`dummy.dat`
 * :download:`another/dummy.dat`
 * :download:`not_found.dat`
-* :download:`Sphinx logo <http://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/_static/sphinxheader.png>`
+* :download:`Sphinx logo <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/_static/sphinx-logo.svg>`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-root/conf.py
index 154d4d1..a14ffaf 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-root/conf.py
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/conf.py
@@ -114,8 +114,8 @@ latex_elements = {
 coverage_c_path = ['special/*.h']
 coverage_c_regexes = {'function': r'^PyAPI_FUNC\(.*\)\s+([^_][\w_]+)'}
 
-extlinks = {'issue': ('http://bugs.python.org/issue%s', 'issue %s'),
-            'pyurl': ('http://python.org/%s', None)}
+extlinks = {'issue': ('https://bugs.python.org/issue%s', 'issue %s'),
+            'pyurl': ('https://python.org/%s', None)}
 
 # modify tags from conf.py
 tags.add('confpytag')
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/images.txt b/tests/roots/test-root/images.txt
index 1dc591a..5a096dc 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-root/images.txt
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/images.txt
@@ -12,9 +12,6 @@ Sphinx image handling
 .. an image with unspecified extension
 .. image:: img.*
 
-.. a non-local image URI
-.. image:: https://www.python.org/static/img/python-logo.png
-
 .. an image with subdir and unspecified extension
 .. image:: subdir/simg.*
 
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/index.txt b/tests/roots/test-root/index.txt
index e39c958..6a37668 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-root/index.txt
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/index.txt
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ Contents:
    lists
    otherext
 
-   http://sphinx-doc.org/
-   Latest reference <http://sphinx-doc.org/latest/>
-   Python <http://python.org/>
+   https://sphinx-doc.org/
+   Latest reference <https://sphinx-doc.org/latest/>
+   Python <https://python.org/>
 
 Indices and tables
 ==================
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/markup.txt b/tests/roots/test-root/markup.txt
index b59a652..ff677eb 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-root/markup.txt
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/markup.txt
@@ -274,6 +274,9 @@ Version markup
 .. deprecated:: 0.6
    Boring stuff.
 
+.. versionremoved:: 0.6
+   Goodbye boring stuff.
+
 .. versionadded:: 1.2
 
    First paragraph of versionadded.
@@ -308,7 +311,7 @@ Reference lookup underscore: [Ref_1]_
 
 .. seealso:: something, something else, something more
 
-   `Google <http://www.google.com>`_
+   `Google <https://www.google.com>`_
        For everything.
 
 .. hlist::
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree/index.rst
index adf1b84..d56f2f6 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-toctree/index.rst
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree/index.rst
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Contents:
 
    foo
    bar
-   http://sphinx-doc.org/
+   https://sphinx-doc.org/
    self
 
 .. only:: html
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ This used to crash:
 .. toctree::
    :hidden:
 
-   Latest reference <http://sphinx-doc.org/latest/>
-   Python <http://python.org/>
+   Latest reference <https://sphinx-doc.org/latest/>
+   Python <https://python.org/>
 
 Indices and tables
 ==================
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-versioning/insert_beginning.txt b/tests/roots/test-versioning/insert_beginning.txt
index 57102a7..9b6e723 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-versioning/insert_beginning.txt
+++ b/tests/roots/test-versioning/insert_beginning.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 Versioning test text
 ====================
 
-Apperantly inserting a paragraph at the beginning of a document caused
+Apparently inserting a paragraph at the beginning of a document caused
 problems earlier so this document should be used to test that.
 
 So the thing is I need some kind of text - not the lorem ipsum stuff, that
diff --git a/tests/test_addnodes.py b/tests/test_addnodes.py
index 184a696..aa99343 100644
--- a/tests/test_addnodes.py
+++ b/tests/test_addnodes.py
@@ -2,13 +2,18 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
 import pytest
 
 from sphinx import addnodes
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Iterator
+
 
 @pytest.fixture()
-def sig_elements() -> set[type[addnodes.desc_sig_element]]:
+def sig_elements() -> Iterator[set[type[addnodes.desc_sig_element]]]:
     """Fixture returning the current ``addnodes.SIG_ELEMENTS`` set."""
     original = addnodes.SIG_ELEMENTS.copy()  # safe copy of the current nodes
     yield {*addnodes.SIG_ELEMENTS}  # temporary value to use during tests
@@ -17,7 +22,6 @@ def sig_elements() -> set[type[addnodes.desc_sig_element]]:
 
 def test_desc_sig_element_nodes(sig_elements):
     """Test the registration of ``desc_sig_element`` subclasses."""
-
     # expected desc_sig_* node classes (must be declared *after* reloading
     # the module since otherwise the objects are not the correct ones)
     EXPECTED_SIG_ELEMENTS = {
diff --git a/tests/test_api_translator.py b/tests/test_api_translator.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 9f2bd44..0000000
--- a/tests/test_api_translator.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,92 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the Sphinx API for translator."""
-
-import sys
-
-import pytest
-
-
-@pytest.fixture(scope='module', autouse=True)
-def _setup_module(rootdir):
-    p = rootdir / 'test-api-set-translator'
-    sys.path.insert(0, p)
-    yield
-    sys.path.remove(p)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
-def test_html_translator(app, status, warning):
-    # no set_translator()
-    translator_class = app.builder.get_translator_class()
-    assert translator_class
-    assert translator_class.__name__ == 'HTML5Translator'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='api-set-translator')
-def test_html_with_set_translator_for_html_(app, status, warning):
-    # use set_translator()
-    translator_class = app.builder.get_translator_class()
-    assert translator_class
-    assert translator_class.__name__ == 'ConfHTMLTranslator'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('singlehtml', testroot='api-set-translator')
-def test_singlehtml_set_translator_for_singlehtml(app, status, warning):
-    translator_class = app.builder.get_translator_class()
-    assert translator_class
-    assert translator_class.__name__ == 'ConfSingleHTMLTranslator'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('pickle', testroot='api-set-translator')
-def test_pickle_set_translator_for_pickle(app, status, warning):
-    translator_class = app.builder.get_translator_class()
-    assert translator_class
-    assert translator_class.__name__ == 'ConfPickleTranslator'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('json', testroot='api-set-translator')
-def test_json_set_translator_for_json(app, status, warning):
-    translator_class = app.builder.get_translator_class()
-    assert translator_class
-    assert translator_class.__name__ == 'ConfJsonTranslator'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='api-set-translator')
-def test_html_with_set_translator_for_latex(app, status, warning):
-    translator_class = app.builder.get_translator_class()
-    assert translator_class
-    assert translator_class.__name__ == 'ConfLaTeXTranslator'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('man', testroot='api-set-translator')
-def test_html_with_set_translator_for_man(app, status, warning):
-    translator_class = app.builder.get_translator_class()
-    assert translator_class
-    assert translator_class.__name__ == 'ConfManualPageTranslator'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('texinfo', testroot='api-set-translator')
-def test_html_with_set_translator_for_texinfo(app, status, warning):
-    translator_class = app.builder.get_translator_class()
-    assert translator_class
-    assert translator_class.__name__ == 'ConfTexinfoTranslator'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='api-set-translator')
-def test_html_with_set_translator_for_text(app, status, warning):
-    translator_class = app.builder.get_translator_class()
-    assert translator_class
-    assert translator_class.__name__ == 'ConfTextTranslator'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='api-set-translator')
-def test_html_with_set_translator_for_xml(app, status, warning):
-    translator_class = app.builder.get_translator_class()
-    assert translator_class
-    assert translator_class.__name__ == 'ConfXMLTranslator'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('pseudoxml', testroot='api-set-translator')
-def test_html_with_set_translator_for_pseudoxml(app, status, warning):
-    translator_class = app.builder.get_translator_class()
-    assert translator_class
-    assert translator_class.__name__ == 'ConfPseudoXMLTranslator'
diff --git a/tests/test_application.py b/tests/test_application.py
index a0fe268..1fc49d6 100644
--- a/tests/test_application.py
+++ b/tests/test_application.py
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 """Test the Sphinx class."""
+from __future__ import annotations
 
 import shutil
 import sys
 from io import StringIO
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 from unittest.mock import Mock
 
 import pytest
@@ -11,11 +13,19 @@ from docutils import nodes
 
 import sphinx.application
 from sphinx.errors import ExtensionError
-from sphinx.testing.util import SphinxTestApp, strip_escseq
+from sphinx.testing.util import SphinxTestApp
 from sphinx.util import logging
+from sphinx.util.console import strip_colors
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import os
 
-def test_instantiation(tmp_path_factory, rootdir: str, monkeypatch):
+
+def test_instantiation(
+    tmp_path_factory: pytest.TempPathFactory,
+    rootdir: str | os.PathLike[str] | None,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
     # Given
     src_dir = tmp_path_factory.getbasetemp() / 'root'
 
@@ -70,13 +80,13 @@ def test_emit_with_nonascii_name_node(app, status, warning):
 
 def test_extensions(app, status, warning):
     app.setup_extension('shutil')
-    warning = strip_escseq(warning.getvalue())
+    warning = strip_colors(warning.getvalue())
     assert "extension 'shutil' has no setup() function" in warning
 
 
 def test_extension_in_blacklist(app, status, warning):
     app.setup_extension('sphinxjp.themecore')
-    msg = strip_escseq(warning.getvalue())
+    msg = strip_colors(warning.getvalue())
     assert msg.startswith("WARNING: the extension 'sphinxjp.themecore' was")
 
 
diff --git a/tests/test_build.py b/tests/test_build.py
deleted file mode 100644
index ed4bc43..0000000
--- a/tests/test_build.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,135 +0,0 @@
-"""Test all builders."""
-
-import os
-import shutil
-from unittest import mock
-
-import pytest
-from docutils import nodes
-
-from sphinx.errors import SphinxError
-
-
-def request_session_head(url, **kwargs):
-    response = mock.Mock()
-    response.status_code = 200
-    response.url = url
-    return response
-
-
-@pytest.fixture()
-def nonascii_srcdir(request, rootdir, sphinx_test_tempdir):
-    # Build in a non-ASCII source dir
-    test_name = '\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e'
-    basedir = sphinx_test_tempdir / request.node.originalname
-    srcdir = basedir / test_name
-    if not srcdir.exists():
-        shutil.copytree(rootdir / 'test-root', srcdir)
-
-    # add a doc with a non-ASCII file name to the source dir
-    (srcdir / (test_name + '.txt')).write_text("""
-nonascii file name page
-=======================
-""", encoding='utf8')
-
-    root_doc = srcdir / 'index.txt'
-    root_doc.write_text(root_doc.read_text(encoding='utf8') + f"""
-.. toctree::
-
-{test_name}/{test_name}
-""", encoding='utf8')
-    return srcdir
-
-
-# note: this test skips building docs for some builders because they have independent testcase.
-#       (html, changes, epub, latex, texinfo and manpage)
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "buildername",
-    ['dirhtml', 'singlehtml', 'text', 'xml', 'pseudoxml', 'linkcheck'],
-)
-@mock.patch('sphinx.builders.linkcheck.requests.head',
-            side_effect=request_session_head)
-def test_build_all(requests_head, make_app, nonascii_srcdir, buildername):
-    app = make_app(buildername, srcdir=nonascii_srcdir)
-    app.build()
-
-
-def test_root_doc_not_found(tmp_path, make_app):
-    (tmp_path / 'conf.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
-    assert os.listdir(tmp_path) == ['conf.py']
-
-    app = make_app('dummy', srcdir=tmp_path)
-    with pytest.raises(SphinxError):
-        app.builder.build_all()  # no index.rst
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='text', testroot='circular')
-def test_circular_toctree(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    warnings = warning.getvalue()
-    assert (
-        'circular toctree references detected, ignoring: '
-        'sub <- index <- sub') in warnings
-    assert (
-        'circular toctree references detected, ignoring: '
-        'index <- sub <- index') in warnings
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='text', testroot='numbered-circular')
-def test_numbered_circular_toctree(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    warnings = warning.getvalue()
-    assert (
-        'circular toctree references detected, ignoring: '
-        'sub <- index <- sub') in warnings
-    assert (
-        'circular toctree references detected, ignoring: '
-        'index <- sub <- index') in warnings
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='dummy', testroot='images')
-def test_image_glob(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    # index.rst
-    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('index')
-
-    assert isinstance(doctree[0][1], nodes.image)
-    assert doctree[0][1]['candidates'] == {'*': 'rimg.png'}
-    assert doctree[0][1]['uri'] == 'rimg.png'
-
-    assert isinstance(doctree[0][2], nodes.figure)
-    assert isinstance(doctree[0][2][0], nodes.image)
-    assert doctree[0][2][0]['candidates'] == {'*': 'rimg.png'}
-    assert doctree[0][2][0]['uri'] == 'rimg.png'
-
-    assert isinstance(doctree[0][3], nodes.image)
-    assert doctree[0][3]['candidates'] == {'application/pdf': 'img.pdf',
-                                           'image/gif': 'img.gif',
-                                           'image/png': 'img.png'}
-    assert doctree[0][3]['uri'] == 'img.*'
-
-    assert isinstance(doctree[0][4], nodes.figure)
-    assert isinstance(doctree[0][4][0], nodes.image)
-    assert doctree[0][4][0]['candidates'] == {'application/pdf': 'img.pdf',
-                                              'image/gif': 'img.gif',
-                                              'image/png': 'img.png'}
-    assert doctree[0][4][0]['uri'] == 'img.*'
-
-    # subdir/index.rst
-    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('subdir/index')
-
-    assert isinstance(doctree[0][1], nodes.image)
-    assert doctree[0][1]['candidates'] == {'*': 'subdir/rimg.png'}
-    assert doctree[0][1]['uri'] == 'subdir/rimg.png'
-
-    assert isinstance(doctree[0][2], nodes.image)
-    assert doctree[0][2]['candidates'] == {'application/pdf': 'subdir/svgimg.pdf',
-                                           'image/svg+xml': 'subdir/svgimg.svg'}
-    assert doctree[0][2]['uri'] == 'subdir/svgimg.*'
-
-    assert isinstance(doctree[0][3], nodes.figure)
-    assert isinstance(doctree[0][3][0], nodes.image)
-    assert doctree[0][3][0]['candidates'] == {'application/pdf': 'subdir/svgimg.pdf',
-                                              'image/svg+xml': 'subdir/svgimg.svg'}
-    assert doctree[0][3][0]['uri'] == 'subdir/svgimg.*'
diff --git a/tests/test_build_changes.py b/tests/test_build_changes.py
deleted file mode 100644
index b340c8d..0000000
--- a/tests/test_build_changes.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the ChangesBuilder class."""
-
-import pytest
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('changes', testroot='changes')
-def test_build(app):
-    app.build()
-
-    # TODO: Use better checking of html content
-    htmltext = (app.outdir / 'changes.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert 'New in version 0.6: Some funny stuff.' in htmltext
-    assert 'Changed in version 0.6: Even more funny stuff.' in htmltext
-    assert 'Deprecated since version 0.6: Boring stuff.' in htmltext
-
-    path_html = (
-        '<b>Path</b>: <i>deprecated:</i> Deprecated since version 0.6:'
-        ' So, that was a bad idea it turns out.')
-    assert path_html in htmltext
-
-    malloc_html = (
-        '<b>void *Test_Malloc(size_t n)</b>: <i>changed:</i> Changed in version 0.6:'
-        ' Can now be replaced with a different allocator.</a>')
-    assert malloc_html in htmltext
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'changes', testroot='changes', srcdir='changes-none',
-    confoverrides={'version': '0.7', 'release': '0.7b1'})
-def test_no_changes(app, status):
-    app.build()
-
-    assert 'no changes in version 0.7.' in status.getvalue()
-    assert not (app.outdir / 'changes.html').exists()
diff --git a/tests/test_build_dirhtml.py b/tests/test_build_dirhtml.py
deleted file mode 100644
index dc5ab86..0000000
--- a/tests/test_build_dirhtml.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-"""Test dirhtml builder."""
-
-import posixpath
-
-import pytest
-
-from sphinx.util.inventory import InventoryFile
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='dirhtml', testroot='builder-dirhtml')
-def test_dirhtml(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-
-    assert (app.outdir / 'index.html').exists()
-    assert (app.outdir / 'foo/index.html').exists()
-    assert (app.outdir / 'foo/foo_1/index.html').exists()
-    assert (app.outdir / 'foo/foo_2/index.html').exists()
-    assert (app.outdir / 'bar/index.html').exists()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert 'href="foo/"' in content
-    assert 'href="foo/foo_1/"' in content
-    assert 'href="foo/foo_2/"' in content
-    assert 'href="bar/"' in content
-
-    # objects.inv (refs: #7095)
-    with (app.outdir / 'objects.inv').open('rb') as f:
-        invdata = InventoryFile.load(f, 'path/to', posixpath.join)
-
-    assert 'index' in invdata.get('std:doc')
-    assert invdata['std:doc']['index'] == ('Python', '', 'path/to/', '-')
-
-    assert 'foo/index' in invdata.get('std:doc')
-    assert invdata['std:doc']['foo/index'] == ('Python', '', 'path/to/foo/', '-')
-
-    assert 'index' in invdata.get('std:label')
-    assert invdata['std:label']['index'] == ('Python', '', 'path/to/#index', '-')
-
-    assert 'foo' in invdata.get('std:label')
-    assert invdata['std:label']['foo'] == ('Python', '', 'path/to/foo/#foo', 'foo/index')
diff --git a/tests/test_build_epub.py b/tests/test_build_epub.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 7f5b815..0000000
--- a/tests/test_build_epub.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,411 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the HTML builder and check output against XPath."""
-
-import os
-import subprocess
-from pathlib import Path
-from subprocess import CalledProcessError
-from xml.etree import ElementTree
-
-import pytest
-
-from sphinx.builders.epub3 import _XML_NAME_PATTERN
-
-
-# check given command is runnable
-def runnable(command):
-    try:
-        subprocess.run(command, capture_output=True, check=True)
-        return True
-    except (OSError, CalledProcessError):
-        return False  # command not found or exit with non-zero
-
-
-class EPUBElementTree:
-    """Test helper for content.opf and toc.ncx"""
-    namespaces = {
-        'idpf': 'http://www.idpf.org/2007/opf',
-        'dc': 'http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/',
-        'ibooks': 'http://vocabulary.itunes.apple.com/rdf/ibooks/vocabulary-extensions-1.0/',
-        'ncx': 'http://www.daisy.org/z3986/2005/ncx/',
-        'xhtml': 'http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml',
-        'epub': 'http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops',
-    }
-
-    def __init__(self, tree):
-        self.tree = tree
-
-    @classmethod
-    def fromstring(cls, string):
-        tree = ElementTree.fromstring(string)  # NoQA: S314  # using known data in tests
-        return cls(tree)
-
-    def find(self, match):
-        ret = self.tree.find(match, namespaces=self.namespaces)
-        if ret is not None:
-            return self.__class__(ret)
-        else:
-            return ret
-
-    def findall(self, match):
-        ret = self.tree.findall(match, namespaces=self.namespaces)
-        return [self.__class__(e) for e in ret]
-
-    def __getattr__(self, name):
-        return getattr(self.tree, name)
-
-    def __iter__(self):
-        for child in self.tree:
-            yield self.__class__(child)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='basic')
-def test_build_epub(app):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    assert (app.outdir / 'mimetype').read_text(encoding='utf8') == 'application/epub+zip'
-    assert (app.outdir / 'META-INF' / 'container.xml').exists()
-
-    # toc.ncx
-    toc = EPUBElementTree.fromstring((app.outdir / 'toc.ncx').read_text(encoding='utf8'))
-    assert toc.find("./ncx:docTitle/ncx:text").text == 'Python'
-
-    # toc.ncx / head
-    meta = list(toc.find("./ncx:head"))
-    assert meta[0].attrib == {'name': 'dtb:uid', 'content': 'unknown'}
-    assert meta[1].attrib == {'name': 'dtb:depth', 'content': '1'}
-    assert meta[2].attrib == {'name': 'dtb:totalPageCount', 'content': '0'}
-    assert meta[3].attrib == {'name': 'dtb:maxPageNumber', 'content': '0'}
-
-    # toc.ncx / navMap
-    navpoints = toc.findall("./ncx:navMap/ncx:navPoint")
-    assert len(navpoints) == 1
-    assert navpoints[0].attrib == {'id': 'navPoint1', 'playOrder': '1'}
-    assert navpoints[0].find("./ncx:content").attrib == {'src': 'index.xhtml'}
-
-    navlabel = navpoints[0].find("./ncx:navLabel/ncx:text")
-    assert navlabel.text == 'The basic Sphinx documentation for testing'
-
-    # content.opf
-    opf = EPUBElementTree.fromstring((app.outdir / 'content.opf').read_text(encoding='utf8'))
-
-    # content.opf / metadata
-    metadata = opf.find("./idpf:metadata")
-    assert metadata.find("./dc:language").text == 'en'
-    assert metadata.find("./dc:title").text == 'Python'
-    assert metadata.find("./dc:description").text == 'unknown'
-    assert metadata.find("./dc:creator").text == 'unknown'
-    assert metadata.find("./dc:contributor").text == 'unknown'
-    assert metadata.find("./dc:publisher").text == 'unknown'
-    assert metadata.find("./dc:rights").text is None
-    assert metadata.find("./idpf:meta[@property='ibooks:version']").text is None
-    assert metadata.find("./idpf:meta[@property='ibooks:specified-fonts']").text == 'true'
-    assert metadata.find("./idpf:meta[@property='ibooks:binding']").text == 'true'
-    assert metadata.find("./idpf:meta[@property='ibooks:scroll-axis']").text == 'vertical'
-
-    # content.opf / manifest
-    manifest = opf.find("./idpf:manifest")
-    items = list(manifest)
-    assert items[0].attrib == {'id': 'ncx',
-                               'href': 'toc.ncx',
-                               'media-type': 'application/x-dtbncx+xml'}
-    assert items[1].attrib == {'id': 'nav',
-                               'href': 'nav.xhtml',
-                               'media-type': 'application/xhtml+xml',
-                               'properties': 'nav'}
-    assert items[2].attrib == {'id': 'epub-0',
-                               'href': 'genindex.xhtml',
-                               'media-type': 'application/xhtml+xml'}
-    assert items[3].attrib == {'id': 'epub-1',
-                               'href': 'index.xhtml',
-                               'media-type': 'application/xhtml+xml'}
-
-    for i, item in enumerate(items[2:]):
-        # items are named as epub-NN
-        assert item.get('id') == 'epub-%d' % i
-
-    # content.opf / spine
-    spine = opf.find("./idpf:spine")
-    itemrefs = list(spine)
-    assert spine.get('toc') == 'ncx'
-    assert spine.get('page-progression-direction') == 'ltr'
-    assert itemrefs[0].get('idref') == 'epub-1'
-    assert itemrefs[1].get('idref') == 'epub-0'
-
-    # content.opf / guide
-    reference = opf.find("./idpf:guide/idpf:reference")
-    assert reference.get('type') == 'toc'
-    assert reference.get('title') == 'Table of Contents'
-    assert reference.get('href') == 'index.xhtml'
-
-    # nav.xhtml
-    nav = EPUBElementTree.fromstring((app.outdir / 'nav.xhtml').read_text(encoding='utf8'))
-    assert nav.attrib == {'lang': 'en',
-                          '{http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace}lang': 'en'}
-    assert nav.find("./xhtml:head/xhtml:title").text == 'Table of Contents'
-
-    # nav.xhtml / nav
-    navlist = nav.find("./xhtml:body/xhtml:nav")
-    toc = navlist.findall("./xhtml:ol/xhtml:li")
-    assert navlist.find("./xhtml:h1").text == 'Table of Contents'
-    assert len(toc) == 1
-    assert toc[0].find("./xhtml:a").get("href") == 'index.xhtml'
-    assert toc[0].find("./xhtml:a").text == 'The basic Sphinx documentation for testing'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='footnotes',
-                    confoverrides={'epub_cover': ('_images/rimg.png', None)})
-def test_epub_cover(app):
-    app.build()
-
-    # content.opf / metadata
-    opf = EPUBElementTree.fromstring((app.outdir / 'content.opf').read_text(encoding='utf8'))
-    cover_image = opf.find("./idpf:manifest/idpf:item[@href='%s']" % app.config.epub_cover[0])
-    cover = opf.find("./idpf:metadata/idpf:meta[@name='cover']")
-    assert cover
-    assert cover.get('content') == cover_image.get('id')
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='toctree')
-def test_nested_toc(app):
-    app.build()
-
-    # toc.ncx
-    toc = EPUBElementTree.fromstring((app.outdir / 'toc.ncx').read_bytes())
-    assert toc.find("./ncx:docTitle/ncx:text").text == 'Python'
-
-    # toc.ncx / navPoint
-    def navinfo(elem):
-        label = elem.find("./ncx:navLabel/ncx:text")
-        content = elem.find("./ncx:content")
-        return (elem.get('id'), elem.get('playOrder'),
-                content.get('src'), label.text)
-
-    navpoints = toc.findall("./ncx:navMap/ncx:navPoint")
-    assert len(navpoints) == 4
-    assert navinfo(navpoints[0]) == ('navPoint1', '1', 'index.xhtml',
-                                     "Welcome to Sphinx Tests’s documentation!")
-    assert navpoints[0].findall("./ncx:navPoint") == []
-
-    # toc.ncx / nested navPoints
-    assert navinfo(navpoints[1]) == ('navPoint2', '2', 'foo.xhtml', 'foo')
-    navchildren = navpoints[1].findall("./ncx:navPoint")
-    assert len(navchildren) == 4
-    assert navinfo(navchildren[0]) == ('navPoint3', '2', 'foo.xhtml', 'foo')
-    assert navinfo(navchildren[1]) == ('navPoint4', '3', 'quux.xhtml', 'quux')
-    assert navinfo(navchildren[2]) == ('navPoint5', '4', 'foo.xhtml#foo-1', 'foo.1')
-    assert navinfo(navchildren[3]) == ('navPoint8', '6', 'foo.xhtml#foo-2', 'foo.2')
-
-    # nav.xhtml / nav
-    def navinfo(elem):
-        anchor = elem.find("./xhtml:a")
-        return (anchor.get('href'), anchor.text)
-
-    nav = EPUBElementTree.fromstring((app.outdir / 'nav.xhtml').read_bytes())
-    toc = nav.findall("./xhtml:body/xhtml:nav/xhtml:ol/xhtml:li")
-    assert len(toc) == 4
-    assert navinfo(toc[0]) == ('index.xhtml',
-                               "Welcome to Sphinx Tests’s documentation!")
-    assert toc[0].findall("./xhtml:ol") == []
-
-    # nav.xhtml / nested toc
-    assert navinfo(toc[1]) == ('foo.xhtml', 'foo')
-    tocchildren = toc[1].findall("./xhtml:ol/xhtml:li")
-    assert len(tocchildren) == 3
-    assert navinfo(tocchildren[0]) == ('quux.xhtml', 'quux')
-    assert navinfo(tocchildren[1]) == ('foo.xhtml#foo-1', 'foo.1')
-    assert navinfo(tocchildren[2]) == ('foo.xhtml#foo-2', 'foo.2')
-
-    grandchild = tocchildren[1].findall("./xhtml:ol/xhtml:li")
-    assert len(grandchild) == 1
-    assert navinfo(grandchild[0]) == ('foo.xhtml#foo-1-1', 'foo.1-1')
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='need-escaped')
-def test_escaped_toc(app):
-    app.build()
-
-    # toc.ncx
-    toc = EPUBElementTree.fromstring((app.outdir / 'toc.ncx').read_bytes())
-    assert toc.find("./ncx:docTitle/ncx:text").text == 'need <b>"escaped"</b> project'
-
-    # toc.ncx / navPoint
-    def navinfo(elem):
-        label = elem.find("./ncx:navLabel/ncx:text")
-        content = elem.find("./ncx:content")
-        return (elem.get('id'), elem.get('playOrder'),
-                content.get('src'), label.text)
-
-    navpoints = toc.findall("./ncx:navMap/ncx:navPoint")
-    assert len(navpoints) == 4
-    assert navinfo(navpoints[0]) == ('navPoint1', '1', 'index.xhtml',
-                                     "Welcome to Sphinx Tests's documentation!")
-    assert navpoints[0].findall("./ncx:navPoint") == []
-
-    # toc.ncx / nested navPoints
-    assert navinfo(navpoints[1]) == ('navPoint2', '2', 'foo.xhtml', '<foo>')
-    navchildren = navpoints[1].findall("./ncx:navPoint")
-    assert len(navchildren) == 4
-    assert navinfo(navchildren[0]) == ('navPoint3', '2', 'foo.xhtml', '<foo>')
-    assert navinfo(navchildren[1]) == ('navPoint4', '3', 'quux.xhtml', 'quux')
-    assert navinfo(navchildren[2]) == ('navPoint5', '4', 'foo.xhtml#foo-1', 'foo “1”')
-    assert navinfo(navchildren[3]) == ('navPoint8', '6', 'foo.xhtml#foo-2', 'foo.2')
-
-    # nav.xhtml / nav
-    def navinfo(elem):
-        anchor = elem.find("./xhtml:a")
-        return (anchor.get('href'), anchor.text)
-
-    nav = EPUBElementTree.fromstring((app.outdir / 'nav.xhtml').read_bytes())
-    toc = nav.findall("./xhtml:body/xhtml:nav/xhtml:ol/xhtml:li")
-    assert len(toc) == 4
-    assert navinfo(toc[0]) == ('index.xhtml',
-                               "Welcome to Sphinx Tests's documentation!")
-    assert toc[0].findall("./xhtml:ol") == []
-
-    # nav.xhtml / nested toc
-    assert navinfo(toc[1]) == ('foo.xhtml', '<foo>')
-    tocchildren = toc[1].findall("./xhtml:ol/xhtml:li")
-    assert len(tocchildren) == 3
-    assert navinfo(tocchildren[0]) == ('quux.xhtml', 'quux')
-    assert navinfo(tocchildren[1]) == ('foo.xhtml#foo-1', 'foo “1”')
-    assert navinfo(tocchildren[2]) == ('foo.xhtml#foo-2', 'foo.2')
-
-    grandchild = tocchildren[1].findall("./xhtml:ol/xhtml:li")
-    assert len(grandchild) == 1
-    assert navinfo(grandchild[0]) == ('foo.xhtml#foo-1-1', 'foo.1-1')
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='basic')
-def test_epub_writing_mode(app):
-    # horizontal (default)
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    # horizontal / page-progression-direction
-    opf = EPUBElementTree.fromstring((app.outdir / 'content.opf').read_text(encoding='utf8'))
-    assert opf.find("./idpf:spine").get('page-progression-direction') == 'ltr'
-
-    # horizontal / ibooks:scroll-axis
-    metadata = opf.find("./idpf:metadata")
-    assert metadata.find("./idpf:meta[@property='ibooks:scroll-axis']").text == 'vertical'
-
-    # horizontal / writing-mode (CSS)
-    css = (app.outdir / '_static' / 'epub.css').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert 'writing-mode: horizontal-tb;' in css
-
-    # vertical
-    app.config.epub_writing_mode = 'vertical'
-    (app.outdir / 'index.xhtml').unlink()  # forcely rebuild
-    app.build()
-
-    # vertical / page-progression-direction
-    opf = EPUBElementTree.fromstring((app.outdir / 'content.opf').read_text(encoding='utf8'))
-    assert opf.find("./idpf:spine").get('page-progression-direction') == 'rtl'
-
-    # vertical / ibooks:scroll-axis
-    metadata = opf.find("./idpf:metadata")
-    assert metadata.find("./idpf:meta[@property='ibooks:scroll-axis']").text == 'horizontal'
-
-    # vertical / writing-mode (CSS)
-    css = (app.outdir / '_static' / 'epub.css').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert 'writing-mode: vertical-rl;' in css
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='epub-anchor-id')
-def test_epub_anchor_id(app):
-    app.build()
-
-    html = (app.outdir / 'index.xhtml').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('<p id="std-setting-STATICFILES_FINDERS">'
-            'blah blah blah</p>' in html)
-    assert ('<span id="std-setting-STATICFILES_SECTION"></span>'
-            '<h1>blah blah blah</h1>' in html)
-    assert 'see <a class="reference internal" href="#std-setting-STATICFILES_FINDERS">' in html
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='html_assets')
-def test_epub_assets(app):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    # epub_sytlesheets (same as html_css_files)
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.xhtml').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/css/style.css" />'
-            in content)
-    assert ('<link media="print" rel="stylesheet" title="title" type="text/css" '
-            'href="https://example.com/custom.css" />' in content)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='html_assets',
-                    confoverrides={'epub_css_files': ['css/epub.css']})
-def test_epub_css_files(app):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    # epub_css_files
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.xhtml').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/css/epub.css" />' in content
-
-    # files in html_css_files are not outputted
-    assert ('<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/css/style.css" />'
-            not in content)
-    assert ('<link media="print" rel="stylesheet" title="title" type="text/css" '
-            'href="https://example.com/custom.css" />' not in content)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='roles-download')
-def test_html_download_role(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-    assert not (app.outdir / '_downloads' / 'dummy.dat').exists()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.xhtml').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('<li><p><code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate">'
-            '<span class="pre">dummy.dat</span></code></p></li>' in content)
-    assert ('<li><p><code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate">'
-            '<span class="pre">not_found.dat</span></code></p></li>' in content)
-    assert ('<li><p><code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate">'
-            '<span class="pre">Sphinx</span> <span class="pre">logo</span></code>'
-            '<span class="link-target"> [http://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master'
-            '/_static/sphinxheader.png]</span></p></li>' in content)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='toctree-duplicated')
-def test_duplicated_toctree_entry(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    assert 'WARNING: duplicated ToC entry found: foo.xhtml' in warning.getvalue()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.skipif('DO_EPUBCHECK' not in os.environ,
-                    reason='Skipped because DO_EPUBCHECK is not set')
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub')
-def test_run_epubcheck(app):
-    app.build()
-
-    epubcheck = os.environ.get('EPUBCHECK_PATH', '/usr/share/java/epubcheck.jar')
-    if runnable(['java', '-version']) and os.path.exists(epubcheck):
-        try:
-            subprocess.run(['java', '-jar', epubcheck, app.outdir / 'SphinxTests.epub'],
-                           capture_output=True, check=True)
-        except CalledProcessError as exc:
-            print(exc.stdout.decode('utf-8'))
-            print(exc.stderr.decode('utf-8'))
-            msg = f'epubcheck exited with return code {exc.returncode}'
-            raise AssertionError(msg) from exc
-
-
-def test_xml_name_pattern_check():
-    assert _XML_NAME_PATTERN.match('id-pub')
-    assert _XML_NAME_PATTERN.match('webpage')
-    assert not _XML_NAME_PATTERN.match('1bfda21')
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='images')
-def test_copy_images(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-
-    images_dir = Path(app.outdir) / '_images'
-    images = {image.name for image in images_dir.rglob('*')}
-    images.discard('python-logo.png')
-    assert images == {
-        'img.png',
-        'rimg.png',
-        'rimg1.png',
-        'svgimg.svg',
-        'testimäge.png',
-    }
diff --git a/tests/test_build_gettext.py b/tests/test_build_gettext.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 6d9154e..0000000
--- a/tests/test_build_gettext.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,235 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the build process with gettext builder with the test root."""
-
-import gettext
-import os
-import re
-import subprocess
-import sys
-from subprocess import CalledProcessError
-
-import pytest
-
-from sphinx.builders.gettext import Catalog, MsgOrigin
-
-if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 11):
-    from contextlib import chdir
-else:
-    from sphinx.util.osutil import _chdir as chdir
-
-_MSGID_PATTERN = re.compile(r'msgid "(.*)"')
-
-
-def msgid_getter(msgid):
-    if m := _MSGID_PATTERN.search(msgid):
-        return m[1]
-    return None
-
-
-def test_Catalog_duplicated_message():
-    catalog = Catalog()
-    catalog.add('hello', MsgOrigin('/path/to/filename', 1))
-    catalog.add('hello', MsgOrigin('/path/to/filename', 1))
-    catalog.add('hello', MsgOrigin('/path/to/filename', 2))
-    catalog.add('hello', MsgOrigin('/path/to/yetanother', 1))
-    catalog.add('world', MsgOrigin('/path/to/filename', 1))
-
-    assert len(list(catalog)) == 2
-
-    msg1, msg2 = list(catalog)
-    assert msg1.text == 'hello'
-    assert msg1.locations == [('/path/to/filename', 1),
-                              ('/path/to/filename', 2),
-                              ('/path/to/yetanother', 1)]
-    assert msg2.text == 'world'
-    assert msg2.locations == [('/path/to/filename', 1)]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext', srcdir='root-gettext')
-def test_build_gettext(app):
-    # Generic build; should fail only when the builder is horribly broken.
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    # Do messages end up in the correct location?
-    # top-level documents end up in a message catalog
-    assert (app.outdir / 'extapi.pot').is_file()
-    # directory items are grouped into sections
-    assert (app.outdir / 'subdir.pot').is_file()
-
-    # regression test for issue #960
-    catalog = (app.outdir / 'markup.pot').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert 'msgid "something, something else, something more"' in catalog
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext', srcdir='root-gettext')
-def test_msgfmt(app):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    (app.outdir / 'en' / 'LC_MESSAGES').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    with chdir(app.outdir):
-        try:
-            args = ['msginit', '--no-translator', '-i', 'markup.pot', '--locale', 'en_US']
-            subprocess.run(args, capture_output=True, check=True)
-        except OSError:
-            pytest.skip()  # most likely msginit was not found
-        except CalledProcessError as exc:
-            print(exc.stdout)
-            print(exc.stderr)
-            msg = f'msginit exited with return code {exc.returncode}'
-            raise AssertionError(msg) from exc
-
-        assert (app.outdir / 'en_US.po').is_file(), 'msginit failed'
-        try:
-            args = ['msgfmt', 'en_US.po',
-                    '-o', os.path.join('en', 'LC_MESSAGES', 'test_root.mo')]
-            subprocess.run(args, capture_output=True, check=True)
-        except OSError:
-            pytest.skip()  # most likely msgfmt was not found
-        except CalledProcessError as exc:
-            print(exc.stdout)
-            print(exc.stderr)
-            msg = f'msgfmt exited with return code {exc.returncode}'
-            raise AssertionError(msg) from exc
-
-        mo = app.outdir / 'en' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'test_root.mo'
-        assert mo.is_file(), 'msgfmt failed'
-
-    _ = gettext.translation('test_root', app.outdir, languages=['en']).gettext
-    assert _("Testing various markup") == "Testing various markup"
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'gettext', testroot='intl', srcdir='gettext',
-    confoverrides={'gettext_compact': False})
-def test_gettext_index_entries(app):
-    # regression test for #976
-    app.builder.build(['index_entries'])
-
-    pot = (app.outdir / 'index_entries.pot').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    msg_ids = list(filter(None, map(msgid_getter, pot.splitlines())))
-
-    assert msg_ids == [
-        "i18n with index entries",
-        "index target section",
-        "this is :index:`Newsletter` target paragraph.",
-        "various index entries",
-        "That's all.",
-        "Mailing List",
-        "Newsletter",
-        "Recipients List",
-        "First",
-        "Second",
-        "Third",
-        "Entry",
-        "See",
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'gettext', testroot='intl', srcdir='gettext',
-    confoverrides={'gettext_compact': False,
-                   'gettext_additional_targets': []})
-def test_gettext_disable_index_entries(app):
-    # regression test for #976
-    app.env._pickled_doctree_cache.clear()  # clear cache
-    app.builder.build(['index_entries'])
-
-    pot = (app.outdir / 'index_entries.pot').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    msg_ids = list(filter(None, map(msgid_getter, pot.splitlines())))
-
-    assert msg_ids == [
-        "i18n with index entries",
-        "index target section",
-        "this is :index:`Newsletter` target paragraph.",
-        "various index entries",
-        "That's all.",
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext', testroot='intl', srcdir='gettext')
-def test_gettext_template(app):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    assert (app.outdir / 'sphinx.pot').is_file()
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinx.pot').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert "Welcome" in result
-    assert "Sphinx %(version)s" in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext', testroot='gettext-template')
-def test_gettext_template_msgid_order_in_sphinxpot(app):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    assert (app.outdir / 'sphinx.pot').is_file()
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinx.pot').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert re.search(
-        ('msgid "Template 1".*'
-         'msgid "This is Template 1\\.".*'
-         'msgid "Template 2".*'
-         'msgid "This is Template 2\\.".*'),
-        result,
-        flags=re.DOTALL)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'gettext', srcdir='root-gettext',
-    confoverrides={'gettext_compact': 'documentation'})
-def test_build_single_pot(app):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    assert (app.outdir / 'documentation.pot').is_file()
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'documentation.pot').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert re.search(
-        ('msgid "Todo".*'
-         'msgid "Like footnotes.".*'
-         'msgid "The minute.".*'
-         'msgid "Generated section".*'),
-        result,
-        flags=re.DOTALL)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'gettext',
-    testroot='intl_substitution_definitions',
-    srcdir='gettext-subst',
-    confoverrides={'gettext_compact': False,
-                   'gettext_additional_targets': ['image']})
-def test_gettext_prolog_epilog_substitution(app):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    assert (app.outdir / 'prolog_epilog_substitution.pot').is_file()
-    pot = (app.outdir / 'prolog_epilog_substitution.pot').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    msg_ids = list(filter(None, map(msgid_getter, pot.splitlines())))
-
-    assert msg_ids == [
-        "i18n with prologue and epilogue substitutions",
-        "This is content that contains |subst_prolog_1|.",
-        "Substituted image |subst_prolog_2| here.",
-        "subst_prolog_2",
-        ".. image:: /img.png",
-        "This is content that contains |subst_epilog_1|.",
-        "Substituted image |subst_epilog_2| here.",
-        "subst_epilog_2",
-        ".. image:: /i18n.png",
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'gettext',
-    testroot='intl_substitution_definitions',
-    srcdir='gettext-subst',
-    confoverrides={'gettext_compact': False,
-                   'gettext_additional_targets': ['image']})
-def test_gettext_prolog_epilog_substitution_excluded(app):
-    # regression test for #9428
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    assert (app.outdir / 'prolog_epilog_substitution_excluded.pot').is_file()
-    pot = (app.outdir / 'prolog_epilog_substitution_excluded.pot').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    msg_ids = list(filter(None, map(msgid_getter, pot.splitlines())))
-
-    assert msg_ids == [
-        "i18n without prologue and epilogue substitutions",
-        "This is content that does not include prologue and epilogue substitutions.",
-    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_build_html.py b/tests/test_build_html.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 07f101d..0000000
--- a/tests/test_build_html.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1841 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the HTML builder and check output against XPath."""
-
-import hashlib
-import os
-import posixpath
-import re
-from itertools import chain, cycle
-from pathlib import Path
-from unittest.mock import ANY, call, patch
-
-import pytest
-from html5lib import HTMLParser
-
-import sphinx.builders.html
-from sphinx.builders.html import validate_html_extra_path, validate_html_static_path
-from sphinx.builders.html._assets import _file_checksum
-from sphinx.errors import ConfigError, ThemeError
-from sphinx.testing.util import strip_escseq
-from sphinx.util.inventory import InventoryFile
-
-FIGURE_CAPTION = ".//figure/figcaption/p"
-
-
-ENV_WARNINGS = """\
-%(root)s/autodoc_fodder.py:docstring of autodoc_fodder.MarkupError:\\d+: \
-WARNING: Explicit markup ends without a blank line; unexpected unindent.
-%(root)s/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: Encoding 'utf-8-sig' used for reading included \
-file '%(root)s/wrongenc.inc' seems to be wrong, try giving an :encoding: option
-%(root)s/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: invalid single index entry ''
-%(root)s/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: image file not readable: foo.png
-%(root)s/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: download file not readable: %(root)s/nonexisting.png
-%(root)s/undecodable.rst:\\d+: WARNING: undecodable source characters, replacing \
-with "\\?": b?'here: >>>(\\\\|/)xbb<<<((\\\\|/)r)?'
-"""
-
-HTML_WARNINGS = ENV_WARNINGS + """\
-%(root)s/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: unknown option: '&option'
-%(root)s/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: citation not found: missing
-%(root)s/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: a suitable image for html builder not found: foo.\\*
-%(root)s/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: Lexing literal_block ".*" as "c" resulted in an error at token: ".*". Retrying in relaxed mode.
-"""
-
-
-etree_cache = {}
-
-
-@pytest.fixture(scope='module')
-def cached_etree_parse():
-    def parse(fname):
-        if fname in etree_cache:
-            return etree_cache[fname]
-        with (fname).open('rb') as fp:
-            etree = HTMLParser(namespaceHTMLElements=False).parse(fp)
-            etree_cache.clear()
-            etree_cache[fname] = etree
-            return etree
-    yield parse
-    etree_cache.clear()
-
-
-def flat_dict(d):
-    return chain.from_iterable(
-        [
-            zip(cycle([fname]), values)
-            for fname, values in d.items()
-        ],
-    )
-
-
-def tail_check(check):
-    rex = re.compile(check)
-
-    def checker(nodes):
-        for node in nodes:
-            if node.tail and rex.search(node.tail):
-                return True
-        msg = f'{check!r} not found in tail of any nodes {nodes}'
-        raise AssertionError(msg)
-    return checker
-
-
-def check_xpath(etree, fname, path, check, be_found=True):
-    nodes = list(etree.findall(path))
-    if check is None:
-        assert nodes == [], ('found any nodes matching xpath '
-                             '%r in file %s' % (path, fname))
-        return
-    else:
-        assert nodes != [], ('did not find any node matching xpath '
-                             '%r in file %s' % (path, fname))
-    if callable(check):
-        check(nodes)
-    elif not check:
-        # only check for node presence
-        pass
-    else:
-        def get_text(node):
-            if node.text is not None:
-                # the node has only one text
-                return node.text
-            else:
-                # the node has tags and text; gather texts just under the node
-                return ''.join(n.tail or '' for n in node)
-
-        rex = re.compile(check)
-        if be_found:
-            if any(rex.search(get_text(node)) for node in nodes):
-                return
-        else:
-            if all(not rex.search(get_text(node)) for node in nodes):
-                return
-
-        raise AssertionError('%r not found in any node matching '
-                             'path %s in %s: %r' % (check, path, fname,
-                                                    [node.text for node in nodes]))
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='warnings')
-def test_html_warnings(app, warning):
-    app.build()
-    html_warnings = strip_escseq(re.sub(re.escape(os.sep) + '{1,2}', '/', warning.getvalue()))
-    html_warnings_exp = HTML_WARNINGS % {
-        'root': re.escape(app.srcdir.as_posix())}
-    assert re.match(html_warnings_exp + '$', html_warnings), \
-        "Warnings don't match:\n" + \
-        '--- Expected (regex):\n' + html_warnings_exp + \
-        '--- Got:\n' + html_warnings
-
-
-def test_html4_error(make_app, tmp_path):
-    (tmp_path / 'conf.py').write_text('', encoding='utf-8')
-    with pytest.raises(
-        ConfigError,
-        match='HTML 4 is no longer supported by Sphinx',
-    ):
-        make_app(
-            buildername='html',
-            srcdir=tmp_path,
-            confoverrides={'html4_writer': True},
-        )
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "expect"), flat_dict({
-    'images.html': [
-        (".//img[@src='_images/img.png']", ''),
-        (".//img[@src='_images/img1.png']", ''),
-        (".//img[@src='_images/simg.png']", ''),
-        (".//img[@src='_images/svgimg.svg']", ''),
-        (".//a[@href='_sources/images.txt']", ''),
-    ],
-    'subdir/images.html': [
-        (".//img[@src='../_images/img1.png']", ''),
-        (".//img[@src='../_images/rimg.png']", ''),
-    ],
-    'subdir/includes.html': [
-        (".//a[@class='reference download internal']", ''),
-        (".//img[@src='../_images/img.png']", ''),
-        (".//p", 'This is an include file.'),
-        (".//pre/span", 'line 1'),
-        (".//pre/span", 'line 2'),
-    ],
-    'includes.html': [
-        (".//pre", 'Max Strauß'),
-        (".//a[@class='reference download internal']", ''),
-        (".//pre/span", '"quotes"'),
-        (".//pre/span", "'included'"),
-        (".//pre/span[@class='s2']", 'üöä'),
-        (".//div[@class='inc-pyobj1 highlight-text notranslate']//pre",
-         r'^class Foo:\n    pass\n\s*$'),
-        (".//div[@class='inc-pyobj2 highlight-text notranslate']//pre",
-         r'^    def baz\(\):\n        pass\n\s*$'),
-        (".//div[@class='inc-lines highlight-text notranslate']//pre",
-         r'^class Foo:\n    pass\nclass Bar:\n$'),
-        (".//div[@class='inc-startend highlight-text notranslate']//pre",
-         '^foo = "Including Unicode characters: üöä"\\n$'),
-        (".//div[@class='inc-preappend highlight-text notranslate']//pre",
-         r'(?m)^START CODE$'),
-        (".//div[@class='inc-pyobj-dedent highlight-python notranslate']//span",
-         r'def'),
-        (".//div[@class='inc-tab3 highlight-text notranslate']//pre",
-         r'-| |-'),
-        (".//div[@class='inc-tab8 highlight-python notranslate']//pre/span",
-         r'-|      |-'),
-    ],
-    'autodoc.html': [
-        (".//dl[@class='py class']/dt[@id='autodoc_target.Class']", ''),
-        (".//dl[@class='py function']/dt[@id='autodoc_target.function']/em/span/span", r'\*\*'),
-        (".//dl[@class='py function']/dt[@id='autodoc_target.function']/em/span/span", r'kwds'),
-        (".//dd/p", r'Return spam\.'),
-    ],
-    'extapi.html': [
-        (".//strong", 'from class: Bar'),
-    ],
-    'markup.html': [
-        (".//title", 'set by title directive'),
-        (".//p/em", 'Section author: Georg Brandl'),
-        (".//p/em", 'Module author: Georg Brandl'),
-        # created by the meta directive
-        (".//meta[@name='author'][@content='Me']", ''),
-        (".//meta[@name='keywords'][@content='docs, sphinx']", ''),
-        # a label created by ``.. _label:``
-        (".//div[@id='label']", ''),
-        # code with standard code blocks
-        (".//pre", '^some code$'),
-        # an option list
-        (".//span[@class='option']", '--help'),
-        # admonitions
-        (".//p[@class='admonition-title']", 'My Admonition'),
-        (".//div[@class='admonition note']/p", 'Note text.'),
-        (".//div[@class='admonition warning']/p", 'Warning text.'),
-        # inline markup
-        (".//li/p/strong", r'^command\\n$'),
-        (".//li/p/strong", r'^program\\n$'),
-        (".//li/p/em", r'^dfn\\n$'),
-        (".//li/p/kbd", r'^kbd\\n$'),
-        (".//li/p/span", 'File \N{TRIANGULAR BULLET} Close'),
-        (".//li/p/code/span[@class='pre']", '^a/$'),
-        (".//li/p/code/em/span[@class='pre']", '^varpart$'),
-        (".//li/p/code/em/span[@class='pre']", '^i$'),
-        (".//a[@href='https://peps.python.org/pep-0008/']"
-         "[@class='pep reference external']/strong", 'PEP 8'),
-        (".//a[@href='https://peps.python.org/pep-0008/']"
-         "[@class='pep reference external']/strong",
-         'Python Enhancement Proposal #8'),
-        (".//a[@href='https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1.html']"
-         "[@class='rfc reference external']/strong", 'RFC 1'),
-        (".//a[@href='https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1.html']"
-         "[@class='rfc reference external']/strong", 'Request for Comments #1'),
-        (".//a[@href='objects.html#envvar-HOME']"
-         "[@class='reference internal']/code/span[@class='pre']", 'HOME'),
-        (".//a[@href='#with']"
-         "[@class='reference internal']/code/span[@class='pre']", '^with$'),
-        (".//a[@href='#grammar-token-try_stmt']"
-         "[@class='reference internal']/code/span", '^statement$'),
-        (".//a[@href='#some-label'][@class='reference internal']/span", '^here$'),
-        (".//a[@href='#some-label'][@class='reference internal']/span", '^there$'),
-        (".//a[@href='subdir/includes.html']"
-         "[@class='reference internal']/span", 'Including in subdir'),
-        (".//a[@href='objects.html#cmdoption-python-c']"
-         "[@class='reference internal']/code/span[@class='pre']", '-c'),
-        # abbreviations
-        (".//abbr[@title='abbreviation']", '^abbr$'),
-        # version stuff
-        (".//div[@class='versionadded']/p/span", 'New in version 0.6: '),
-        (".//div[@class='versionadded']/p/span",
-         tail_check('First paragraph of versionadded')),
-        (".//div[@class='versionchanged']/p/span",
-         tail_check('First paragraph of versionchanged')),
-        (".//div[@class='versionchanged']/p",
-         'Second paragraph of versionchanged'),
-        # footnote reference
-        (".//a[@class='footnote-reference brackets']", r'1'),
-        # created by reference lookup
-        (".//a[@href='index.html#ref1']", ''),
-        # ``seealso`` directive
-        (".//div/p[@class='admonition-title']", 'See also'),
-        # a ``hlist`` directive
-        (".//table[@class='hlist']/tbody/tr/td/ul/li/p", '^This$'),
-        # a ``centered`` directive
-        (".//p[@class='centered']/strong", 'LICENSE'),
-        # a glossary
-        (".//dl/dt[@id='term-boson']", 'boson'),
-        (".//dl/dt[@id='term-boson']/a", '¶'),
-        # a production list
-        (".//pre/strong", 'try_stmt'),
-        (".//pre/a[@href='#grammar-token-try1_stmt']/code/span", 'try1_stmt'),
-        # tests for ``only`` directive
-        (".//p", 'A global substitution!'),
-        (".//p", 'In HTML.'),
-        (".//p", 'In both.'),
-        (".//p", 'Always present'),
-        # tests for ``any`` role
-        (".//a[@href='#with']/span", 'headings'),
-        (".//a[@href='objects.html#func_without_body']/code/span", 'objects'),
-        # tests for numeric labels
-        (".//a[@href='#id1'][@class='reference internal']/span", 'Testing various markup'),
-        # tests for smartypants
-        (".//li/p", 'Smart “quotes” in English ‘text’.'),
-        (".//li/p", 'Smart — long and – short dashes.'),
-        (".//li/p", 'Ellipsis…'),
-        (".//li/p/code/span[@class='pre']", 'foo--"bar"...'),
-        (".//p", 'Этот «абзац» должен использовать „русские“ кавычки.'),
-        (".//p", 'Il dit : « C’est “super” ! »'),
-    ],
-    'objects.html': [
-        (".//dt[@id='mod.Cls.meth1']", ''),
-        (".//dt[@id='errmod.Error']", ''),
-        (".//dt/span[@class='sig-name descname']/span[@class='pre']", r'long\(parameter,'),
-        (".//dt/span[@class='sig-name descname']/span[@class='pre']", r'list\)'),
-        (".//dt/span[@class='sig-name descname']/span[@class='pre']", 'another'),
-        (".//dt/span[@class='sig-name descname']/span[@class='pre']", 'one'),
-        (".//a[@href='#mod.Cls'][@class='reference internal']", ''),
-        (".//dl[@class='std userdesc']", ''),
-        (".//dt[@id='userdesc-myobj']", ''),
-        (".//a[@href='#userdesc-myobj'][@class='reference internal']", ''),
-        # docfields
-        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#TimeInt']/em", 'TimeInt'),
-        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#Time']", 'Time'),
-        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#errmod.Error']/strong", 'Error'),
-        # C references
-        (".//span[@class='pre']", 'CFunction()'),
-        (".//a[@href='#c.Sphinx_DoSomething']", ''),
-        (".//a[@href='#c.SphinxStruct.member']", ''),
-        (".//a[@href='#c.SPHINX_USE_PYTHON']", ''),
-        (".//a[@href='#c.SphinxType']", ''),
-        (".//a[@href='#c.sphinx_global']", ''),
-        # test global TOC created by toctree()
-        (".//ul[@class='current']/li[@class='toctree-l1 current']/a[@href='#']",
-         'Testing object descriptions'),
-        (".//li[@class='toctree-l1']/a[@href='markup.html']",
-         'Testing various markup'),
-        # test unknown field names
-        (".//dt[@class='field-odd']", 'Field_name'),
-        (".//dt[@class='field-even']", 'Field_name all lower'),
-        (".//dt[@class='field-odd']", 'FIELD_NAME'),
-        (".//dt[@class='field-even']", 'FIELD_NAME ALL CAPS'),
-        (".//dt[@class='field-odd']", 'Field_Name'),
-        (".//dt[@class='field-even']", 'Field_Name All Word Caps'),
-        (".//dt[@class='field-odd']", 'Field_name'),
-        (".//dt[@class='field-even']", 'Field_name First word cap'),
-        (".//dt[@class='field-odd']", 'FIELd_name'),
-        (".//dt[@class='field-even']", 'FIELd_name PARTial caps'),
-        # custom sidebar
-        (".//h4", 'Custom sidebar'),
-        # docfields
-        (".//dd[@class='field-odd']/p/strong", '^moo$'),
-        (".//dd[@class='field-odd']/p/strong", tail_check(r'\(Moo\) .* Moo')),
-        (".//dd[@class='field-odd']/ul/li/p/strong", '^hour$'),
-        (".//dd[@class='field-odd']/ul/li/p/em", '^DuplicateType$'),
-        (".//dd[@class='field-odd']/ul/li/p/em", tail_check(r'.* Some parameter')),
-        # others
-        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-perl-arg-p']/code/span",
-         'perl'),
-        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-perl-arg-p']/code/span",
-         '\\+p'),
-        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-perl-ObjC']/code/span",
-         '--ObjC\\+\\+'),
-        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-perl-plugin.option']/code/span",
-         '--plugin.option'),
-        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-perl-arg-create-auth-token']"
-         "/code/span",
-         'create-auth-token'),
-        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-perl-arg-arg']/code/span",
-         'arg'),
-        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-perl-j']/code/span",
-         '-j'),
-        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-hg-arg-commit']/code/span",
-         'hg'),
-        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-hg-arg-commit']/code/span",
-         'commit'),
-        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-git-commit-p']/code/span",
-         'git'),
-        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-git-commit-p']/code/span",
-         'commit'),
-        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-git-commit-p']/code/span",
-         '-p'),
-    ],
-    'index.html': [
-        (".//meta[@name='hc'][@content='hcval']", ''),
-        (".//meta[@name='hc_co'][@content='hcval_co']", ''),
-        (".//li[@class='toctree-l1']/a", 'Testing various markup'),
-        (".//li[@class='toctree-l2']/a", 'Inline markup'),
-        (".//title", 'Sphinx <Tests>'),
-        (".//div[@class='footer']", 'copyright text credits'),
-        (".//a[@href='http://python.org/']"
-         "[@class='reference external']", ''),
-        (".//li/p/a[@href='genindex.html']/span", 'Index'),
-        (".//li/p/a[@href='py-modindex.html']/span", 'Module Index'),
-        # custom sidebar only for contents
-        (".//h4", 'Contents sidebar'),
-        # custom JavaScript
-        (".//script[@src='file://moo.js']", ''),
-        # URL in contents
-        (".//a[@class='reference external'][@href='http://sphinx-doc.org/']",
-         'http://sphinx-doc.org/'),
-        (".//a[@class='reference external'][@href='http://sphinx-doc.org/latest/']",
-         'Latest reference'),
-        # Indirect hyperlink targets across files
-        (".//a[@href='markup.html#some-label'][@class='reference internal']/span",
-         '^indirect hyperref$'),
-    ],
-    'bom.html': [
-        (".//title", " File with UTF-8 BOM"),
-    ],
-    'extensions.html': [
-        (".//a[@href='http://python.org/dev/']", "http://python.org/dev/"),
-        (".//a[@href='http://bugs.python.org/issue1000']", "issue 1000"),
-        (".//a[@href='http://bugs.python.org/issue1042']", "explicit caption"),
-    ],
-    'genindex.html': [
-        # index entries
-        (".//a/strong", "Main"),
-        (".//a/strong", "[1]"),
-        (".//a/strong", "Other"),
-        (".//a", "entry"),
-        (".//li/a", "double"),
-    ],
-    'otherext.html': [
-        (".//h1", "Generated section"),
-        (".//a[@href='_sources/otherext.foo.txt']", ''),
-    ],
-}))
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', tags=['testtag'],
-                    confoverrides={'html_context.hckey_co': 'hcval_co'})
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_output')
-def test_html5_output(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, expect):
-    app.build()
-    print(app.outdir / fname)
-    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, *expect)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "expect"), flat_dict({
-    'index.html': [
-        (".//div[@class='citation']/span", r'Ref1'),
-        (".//div[@class='citation']/span", r'Ref_1'),
-    ],
-    'footnote.html': [
-        (".//a[@class='footnote-reference brackets'][@href='#id9'][@id='id1']", r"1"),
-        (".//a[@class='footnote-reference brackets'][@href='#id10'][@id='id2']", r"2"),
-        (".//a[@class='footnote-reference brackets'][@href='#foo'][@id='id3']", r"3"),
-        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#bar'][@id='id4']/span", r"\[bar\]"),
-        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#baz-qux'][@id='id5']/span", r"\[baz_qux\]"),
-        (".//a[@class='footnote-reference brackets'][@href='#id11'][@id='id6']", r"4"),
-        (".//a[@class='footnote-reference brackets'][@href='#id12'][@id='id7']", r"5"),
-        (".//aside[@class='footnote brackets']/span/a[@href='#id1']", r"1"),
-        (".//aside[@class='footnote brackets']/span/a[@href='#id2']", r"2"),
-        (".//aside[@class='footnote brackets']/span/a[@href='#id3']", r"3"),
-        (".//div[@class='citation']/span/a[@href='#id4']", r"bar"),
-        (".//div[@class='citation']/span/a[@href='#id5']", r"baz_qux"),
-        (".//aside[@class='footnote brackets']/span/a[@href='#id6']", r"4"),
-        (".//aside[@class='footnote brackets']/span/a[@href='#id7']", r"5"),
-        (".//aside[@class='footnote brackets']/span/a[@href='#id8']", r"6"),
-    ],
-}))
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_output_docutils18')
-def test_docutils_output(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, expect):
-    app.build()
-    print(app.outdir / fname)
-    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, *expect)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', parallel=2)
-def test_html_parallel(app):
-    app.build()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_output')
-def test_html_download(app):
-    app.build()
-
-    # subdir/includes.html
-    result = (app.outdir / 'subdir' / 'includes.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    pattern = ('<a class="reference download internal" download="" '
-               'href="../(_downloads/.*/img.png)">')
-    matched = re.search(pattern, result)
-    assert matched
-    assert (app.outdir / matched.group(1)).exists()
-    filename = matched.group(1)
-
-    # includes.html
-    result = (app.outdir / 'includes.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    pattern = ('<a class="reference download internal" download="" '
-               'href="(_downloads/.*/img.png)">')
-    matched = re.search(pattern, result)
-    assert matched
-    assert (app.outdir / matched.group(1)).exists()
-    assert matched.group(1) == filename
-
-    pattern = ('<a class="reference download internal" download="" '
-               'href="(_downloads/.*/)(file_with_special_%23_chars.xyz)">')
-    matched = re.search(pattern, result)
-    assert matched
-    assert (app.outdir / matched.group(1) / "file_with_special_#_chars.xyz").exists()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='roles-download')
-def test_html_download_role(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-    digest = hashlib.md5(b'dummy.dat', usedforsecurity=False).hexdigest()
-    assert (app.outdir / '_downloads' / digest / 'dummy.dat').exists()
-    digest_another = hashlib.md5(b'another/dummy.dat', usedforsecurity=False).hexdigest()
-    assert (app.outdir / '_downloads' / digest_another / 'dummy.dat').exists()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert (('<li><p><a class="reference download internal" download="" '
-             'href="_downloads/%s/dummy.dat">'
-             '<code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate">'
-             '<span class="pre">dummy.dat</span></code></a></p></li>' % digest)
-            in content)
-    assert (('<li><p><a class="reference download internal" download="" '
-             'href="_downloads/%s/dummy.dat">'
-             '<code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate">'
-             '<span class="pre">another/dummy.dat</span></code></a></p></li>' %
-             digest_another) in content)
-    assert ('<li><p><code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate">'
-            '<span class="pre">not_found.dat</span></code></p></li>' in content)
-    assert ('<li><p><a class="reference download external" download="" '
-            'href="http://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/_static/sphinxheader.png">'
-            '<code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate">'
-            '<span class="pre">Sphinx</span> <span class="pre">logo</span>'
-            '</code></a></p></li>' in content)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='build-html-translator')
-def test_html_translator(app):
-    app.build()
-    assert app.builder.docwriter.visitor.depart_with_node == 10
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "expect"), flat_dict({
-    'index.html': [
-        (".//li[@class='toctree-l3']/a", '1.1.1. Foo A1', True),
-        (".//li[@class='toctree-l3']/a", '1.2.1. Foo B1', True),
-        (".//li[@class='toctree-l3']/a", '2.1.1. Bar A1', False),
-        (".//li[@class='toctree-l3']/a", '2.2.1. Bar B1', False),
-    ],
-    'foo.html': [
-        (".//h1", 'Foo', True),
-        (".//h2", 'Foo A', True),
-        (".//h3", 'Foo A1', True),
-        (".//h2", 'Foo B', True),
-        (".//h3", 'Foo B1', True),
-
-        (".//h1//span[@class='section-number']", '1. ', True),
-        (".//h2//span[@class='section-number']", '1.1. ', True),
-        (".//h3//span[@class='section-number']", '1.1.1. ', True),
-        (".//h2//span[@class='section-number']", '1.2. ', True),
-        (".//h3//span[@class='section-number']", '1.2.1. ', True),
-
-        (".//div[@class='sphinxsidebarwrapper']//li/a", '1.1. Foo A', True),
-        (".//div[@class='sphinxsidebarwrapper']//li/a", '1.1.1. Foo A1', True),
-        (".//div[@class='sphinxsidebarwrapper']//li/a", '1.2. Foo B', True),
-        (".//div[@class='sphinxsidebarwrapper']//li/a", '1.2.1. Foo B1', True),
-    ],
-    'bar.html': [
-        (".//h1", 'Bar', True),
-        (".//h2", 'Bar A', True),
-        (".//h2", 'Bar B', True),
-        (".//h3", 'Bar B1', True),
-        (".//h1//span[@class='section-number']", '2. ', True),
-        (".//h2//span[@class='section-number']", '2.1. ', True),
-        (".//h2//span[@class='section-number']", '2.2. ', True),
-        (".//h3//span[@class='section-number']", '2.2.1. ', True),
-        (".//div[@class='sphinxsidebarwrapper']//li/a", '2. Bar', True),
-        (".//div[@class='sphinxsidebarwrapper']//li/a", '2.1. Bar A', True),
-        (".//div[@class='sphinxsidebarwrapper']//li/a", '2.2. Bar B', True),
-        (".//div[@class='sphinxsidebarwrapper']//li/a", '2.2.1. Bar B1', False),
-    ],
-    'baz.html': [
-        (".//h1", 'Baz A', True),
-        (".//h1//span[@class='section-number']", '2.1.1. ', True),
-    ],
-}))
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='tocdepth')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_tocdepth')
-def test_tocdepth(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, expect):
-    app.build()
-    # issue #1251
-    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, *expect)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "expect"), flat_dict({
-    'index.html': [
-        (".//li[@class='toctree-l3']/a", '1.1.1. Foo A1', True),
-        (".//li[@class='toctree-l3']/a", '1.2.1. Foo B1', True),
-        (".//li[@class='toctree-l3']/a", '2.1.1. Bar A1', False),
-        (".//li[@class='toctree-l3']/a", '2.2.1. Bar B1', False),
-
-        # index.rst
-        (".//h1", 'test-tocdepth', True),
-
-        # foo.rst
-        (".//h2", 'Foo', True),
-        (".//h3", 'Foo A', True),
-        (".//h4", 'Foo A1', True),
-        (".//h3", 'Foo B', True),
-        (".//h4", 'Foo B1', True),
-        (".//h2//span[@class='section-number']", '1. ', True),
-        (".//h3//span[@class='section-number']", '1.1. ', True),
-        (".//h4//span[@class='section-number']", '1.1.1. ', True),
-        (".//h3//span[@class='section-number']", '1.2. ', True),
-        (".//h4//span[@class='section-number']", '1.2.1. ', True),
-
-        # bar.rst
-        (".//h2", 'Bar', True),
-        (".//h3", 'Bar A', True),
-        (".//h3", 'Bar B', True),
-        (".//h4", 'Bar B1', True),
-        (".//h2//span[@class='section-number']", '2. ', True),
-        (".//h3//span[@class='section-number']", '2.1. ', True),
-        (".//h3//span[@class='section-number']", '2.2. ', True),
-        (".//h4//span[@class='section-number']", '2.2.1. ', True),
-
-        # baz.rst
-        (".//h4", 'Baz A', True),
-        (".//h4//span[@class='section-number']", '2.1.1. ', True),
-    ],
-}))
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('singlehtml', testroot='tocdepth')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_tocdepth')
-def test_tocdepth_singlehtml(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, expect):
-    app.build()
-    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, *expect)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='numfig')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_numfig')
-def test_numfig_disabled_warn(app, warning):
-    app.build()
-    warnings = warning.getvalue()
-    assert 'index.rst:47: WARNING: numfig is disabled. :numref: is ignored.' in warnings
-    assert 'index.rst:56: WARNING: invalid numfig_format: invalid' not in warnings
-    assert 'index.rst:57: WARNING: invalid numfig_format: Fig %s %s' not in warnings
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "expect"), flat_dict({
-    'index.html': [
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
-        (".//li/p/code/span", '^fig1$', True),
-        (".//li/p/code/span", '^Figure%s$', True),
-        (".//li/p/code/span", '^table-1$', True),
-        (".//li/p/code/span", '^Table:%s$', True),
-        (".//li/p/code/span", '^CODE_1$', True),
-        (".//li/p/code/span", '^Code-%s$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Section 1$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Section 2.1$', True),
-        (".//li/p/code/span", '^Fig.{number}$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Sect.1 Foo$', True),
-    ],
-    'foo.html': [
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
-    ],
-    'bar.html': [
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
-    ],
-    'baz.html': [
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
-    ],
-}))
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='numfig')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_numfig')
-def test_numfig_disabled(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, expect):
-    app.build()
-    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, *expect)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'html', testroot='numfig',
-    srcdir='test_numfig_without_numbered_toctree_warn',
-    confoverrides={'numfig': True})
-def test_numfig_without_numbered_toctree_warn(app, warning):
-    app.build()
-    # remove :numbered: option
-    index = (app.srcdir / 'index.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    index = re.sub(':numbered:.*', '', index)
-    (app.srcdir / 'index.rst').write_text(index, encoding='utf8')
-    app.build()
-
-    warnings = warning.getvalue()
-    assert 'index.rst:47: WARNING: numfig is disabled. :numref: is ignored.' not in warnings
-    assert 'index.rst:55: WARNING: Failed to create a cross reference. Any number is not assigned: index' in warnings
-    assert 'index.rst:56: WARNING: invalid numfig_format: invalid' in warnings
-    assert 'index.rst:57: WARNING: invalid numfig_format: Fig %s %s' in warnings
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "expect"), flat_dict({
-    'index.html': [
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 9 $', True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 10 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 9 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 10 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 9 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 10 $', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Fig. 9$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Figure6$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Table 9$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Table:6$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Listing 9$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Code-6$', True),
-        (".//li/p/code/span", '^foo$', True),
-        (".//li/p/code/span", '^bar_a$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Fig.9 should be Fig.1$', True),
-        (".//li/p/code/span", '^Sect.{number}$', True),
-    ],
-    'foo.html': [
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1 $', True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2 $', True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 3 $', True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 4 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 1 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 2 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 3 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 4 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 3 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 4 $', True),
-    ],
-    'bar.html': [
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 5 $', True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 7 $', True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 8 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 5 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 7 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 8 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 5 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 7 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 8 $', True),
-    ],
-    'baz.html': [
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 6 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 6 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 6 $', True),
-    ],
-}))
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'html', testroot='numfig',
-    srcdir='test_numfig_without_numbered_toctree',
-    confoverrides={'numfig': True})
-def test_numfig_without_numbered_toctree(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, expect):
-    # remove :numbered: option
-    index = (app.srcdir / 'index.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    index = re.sub(':numbered:.*', '', index)
-    (app.srcdir / 'index.rst').write_text(index, encoding='utf8')
-
-    if not os.listdir(app.outdir):
-        app.build()
-    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, *expect)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='numfig', confoverrides={'numfig': True})
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_numfig_on')
-def test_numfig_with_numbered_toctree_warn(app, warning):
-    app.build()
-    warnings = warning.getvalue()
-    assert 'index.rst:47: WARNING: numfig is disabled. :numref: is ignored.' not in warnings
-    assert 'index.rst:55: WARNING: Failed to create a cross reference. Any number is not assigned: index' in warnings
-    assert 'index.rst:56: WARNING: invalid numfig_format: invalid' in warnings
-    assert 'index.rst:57: WARNING: invalid numfig_format: Fig %s %s' in warnings
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "expect"), flat_dict({
-    'index.html': [
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1 $', True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 1 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 2 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2 $', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Fig. 1$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Figure2.2$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Table 1$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Table:2.2$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Listing 1$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Code-2.2$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Section.1$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Section.2.1$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Fig.1 should be Fig.1$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Sect.1 Foo$', True),
-    ],
-    'foo.html': [
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.1 $', True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.2 $', True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.3 $', True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.4 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 1.1 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 1.2 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 1.3 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 1.4 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.1 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.2 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.3 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.4 $', True),
-    ],
-    'bar.html': [
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.1 $', True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.3 $', True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.4 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 2.1 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 2.3 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 2.4 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.1 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.3 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.4 $', True),
-    ],
-    'baz.html': [
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.2 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 2.2 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.2 $', True),
-    ],
-}))
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='numfig', confoverrides={'numfig': True})
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_numfig_on')
-def test_numfig_with_numbered_toctree(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, expect):
-    app.build()
-    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, *expect)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='numfig', confoverrides={
-    'numfig': True,
-    'numfig_format': {'figure': 'Figure:%s',
-                      'table': 'Tab_%s',
-                      'code-block': 'Code-%s',
-                      'section': 'SECTION-%s'}})
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_numfig_format_warn')
-def test_numfig_with_prefix_warn(app, warning):
-    app.build()
-    warnings = warning.getvalue()
-    assert 'index.rst:47: WARNING: numfig is disabled. :numref: is ignored.' not in warnings
-    assert 'index.rst:55: WARNING: Failed to create a cross reference. Any number is not assigned: index' in warnings
-    assert 'index.rst:56: WARNING: invalid numfig_format: invalid' in warnings
-    assert 'index.rst:57: WARNING: invalid numfig_format: Fig %s %s' in warnings
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "expect"), flat_dict({
-    'index.html': [
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Figure:1 $', True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Figure:2 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Tab_1 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Tab_2 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Code-1 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Code-2 $', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Figure:1$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Figure2.2$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Tab_1$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Table:2.2$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Code-1$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Code-2.2$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^SECTION-1$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^SECTION-2.1$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Fig.1 should be Fig.1$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Sect.1 Foo$', True),
-    ],
-    'foo.html': [
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Figure:1.1 $', True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Figure:1.2 $', True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Figure:1.3 $', True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Figure:1.4 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Tab_1.1 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Tab_1.2 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Tab_1.3 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Tab_1.4 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Code-1.1 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Code-1.2 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Code-1.3 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Code-1.4 $', True),
-    ],
-    'bar.html': [
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Figure:2.1 $', True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Figure:2.3 $', True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Figure:2.4 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Tab_2.1 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Tab_2.3 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Tab_2.4 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Code-2.1 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Code-2.3 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Code-2.4 $', True),
-    ],
-    'baz.html': [
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Figure:2.2 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Tab_2.2 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Code-2.2 $', True),
-    ],
-}))
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='numfig',
-                    confoverrides={'numfig': True,
-                                   'numfig_format': {'figure': 'Figure:%s',
-                                                     'table': 'Tab_%s',
-                                                     'code-block': 'Code-%s',
-                                                     'section': 'SECTION-%s'}})
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_numfig_format_warn')
-def test_numfig_with_prefix(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, expect):
-    app.build()
-    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, *expect)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='numfig',
-                    confoverrides={'numfig': True, 'numfig_secnum_depth': 2})
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_numfig_depth_2')
-def test_numfig_with_secnum_depth_warn(app, warning):
-    app.build()
-    warnings = warning.getvalue()
-    assert 'index.rst:47: WARNING: numfig is disabled. :numref: is ignored.' not in warnings
-    assert 'index.rst:55: WARNING: Failed to create a cross reference. Any number is not assigned: index' in warnings
-    assert 'index.rst:56: WARNING: invalid numfig_format: invalid' in warnings
-    assert 'index.rst:57: WARNING: invalid numfig_format: Fig %s %s' in warnings
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "expect"), flat_dict({
-    'index.html': [
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1 $', True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 1 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 2 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2 $', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Fig. 1$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Figure2.1.2$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Table 1$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Table:2.1.2$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Listing 1$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Code-2.1.2$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Section.1$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Section.2.1$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Fig.1 should be Fig.1$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Sect.1 Foo$', True),
-    ],
-    'foo.html': [
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.1 $', True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.1.1 $', True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.1.2 $', True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.2.1 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 1.1 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 1.1.1 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 1.1.2 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 1.2.1 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.1 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.1.1 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.1.2 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.2.1 $', True),
-    ],
-    'bar.html': [
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.1.1 $', True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.1.3 $', True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.2.1 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 2.1.1 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 2.1.3 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 2.2.1 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.1.1 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.1.3 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.2.1 $', True),
-    ],
-    'baz.html': [
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.1.2 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 2.1.2 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.1.2 $', True),
-    ],
-}))
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='numfig',
-                    confoverrides={'numfig': True,
-                                   'numfig_secnum_depth': 2})
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_numfig_depth_2')
-def test_numfig_with_secnum_depth(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, expect):
-    app.build()
-    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, *expect)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "expect"), flat_dict({
-    'index.html': [
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1 $', True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 1 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 2 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2 $', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Fig. 1$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Figure2.2$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Table 1$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Table:2.2$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Listing 1$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Code-2.2$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Section.1$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Section.2.1$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Fig.1 should be Fig.1$', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Sect.1 Foo$', True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.1 $', True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.2 $', True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.3 $', True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.4 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 1.1 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 1.2 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 1.3 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 1.4 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.1 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.2 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.3 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.4 $', True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.1 $', True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.3 $', True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.4 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 2.1 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 2.3 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 2.4 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.1 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.3 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.4 $', True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.2 $', True),
-        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
-         '^Table 2.2 $', True),
-        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
-         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.2 $', True),
-    ],
-}))
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('singlehtml', testroot='numfig', confoverrides={'numfig': True})
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_numfig_on')
-def test_numfig_with_singlehtml(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, expect):
-    app.build()
-    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, *expect)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "expect"), flat_dict({
-    'index.html': [
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "//span[@class='caption-number']", "Fig. 1", True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "//span[@class='caption-number']", "Fig. 2", True),
-        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "//span[@class='caption-number']", "Fig. 3", True),
-        (".//div//span[@class='caption-number']", "No.1 ", True),
-        (".//div//span[@class='caption-number']", "No.2 ", True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", 'Fig. 1', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", 'Fig. 2', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", 'Fig. 3', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", 'No.1', True),
-        (".//li/p/a/span", 'No.2', True),
-    ],
-}))
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='add_enumerable_node',
-                    srcdir='test_enumerable_node')
-def test_enumerable_node(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, expect):
-    app.build()
-    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, *expect)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='html_assets')
-def test_html_assets(app):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    # exclude_path and its family
-    assert not (app.outdir / 'static' / 'index.html').exists()
-    assert not (app.outdir / 'extra' / 'index.html').exists()
-
-    # html_static_path
-    assert not (app.outdir / '_static' / '.htaccess').exists()
-    assert not (app.outdir / '_static' / '.htpasswd').exists()
-    assert (app.outdir / '_static' / 'API.html').exists()
-    assert (app.outdir / '_static' / 'API.html').read_text(encoding='utf8') == 'Sphinx-1.4.4'
-    assert (app.outdir / '_static' / 'css' / 'style.css').exists()
-    assert (app.outdir / '_static' / 'js' / 'custom.js').exists()
-    assert (app.outdir / '_static' / 'rimg.png').exists()
-    assert not (app.outdir / '_static' / '_build' / 'index.html').exists()
-    assert (app.outdir / '_static' / 'background.png').exists()
-    assert not (app.outdir / '_static' / 'subdir' / '.htaccess').exists()
-    assert not (app.outdir / '_static' / 'subdir' / '.htpasswd').exists()
-
-    # html_extra_path
-    assert (app.outdir / '.htaccess').exists()
-    assert not (app.outdir / '.htpasswd').exists()
-    assert (app.outdir / 'API.html_t').exists()
-    assert (app.outdir / 'css/style.css').exists()
-    assert (app.outdir / 'rimg.png').exists()
-    assert not (app.outdir / '_build' / 'index.html').exists()
-    assert (app.outdir / 'background.png').exists()
-    assert (app.outdir / 'subdir' / '.htaccess').exists()
-    assert not (app.outdir / 'subdir' / '.htpasswd').exists()
-
-    # html_css_files
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/css/style.css" />' in content
-    assert ('<link media="print" rel="stylesheet" title="title" type="text/css" '
-            'href="https://example.com/custom.css" />' in content)
-
-    # html_js_files
-    assert '<script src="_static/js/custom.js"></script>' in content
-    assert ('<script async="async" src="https://example.com/script.js">'
-            '</script>' in content)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='html_assets')
-def test_assets_order(app, monkeypatch):
-    monkeypatch.setattr(sphinx.builders.html, '_file_checksum', lambda o, f: '')
-
-    app.add_css_file('normal.css')
-    app.add_css_file('early.css', priority=100)
-    app.add_css_file('late.css', priority=750)
-    app.add_css_file('lazy.css', priority=900)
-    app.add_js_file('normal.js')
-    app.add_js_file('early.js', priority=100)
-    app.add_js_file('late.js', priority=750)
-    app.add_js_file('lazy.js', priority=900)
-
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    # css_files
-    expected = [
-        '_static/early.css',
-        '_static/pygments.css',
-        '_static/alabaster.css',
-        'https://example.com/custom.css',
-        '_static/normal.css',
-        '_static/late.css',
-        '_static/css/style.css',
-        '_static/lazy.css',
-    ]
-    pattern = '.*'.join(f'href="{re.escape(f)}"' for f in expected)
-    assert re.search(pattern, content, re.DOTALL), content
-
-    # js_files
-    expected = [
-        '_static/early.js',
-        '_static/doctools.js',
-        '_static/sphinx_highlight.js',
-        'https://example.com/script.js',
-        '_static/normal.js',
-        '_static/late.js',
-        '_static/js/custom.js',
-        '_static/lazy.js',
-    ]
-    pattern = '.*'.join(f'src="{re.escape(f)}"' for f in expected)
-    assert re.search(pattern, content, re.DOTALL), content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='html_file_checksum')
-def test_file_checksum(app):
-    app.add_css_file('stylesheet-a.css')
-    app.add_css_file('stylesheet-b.css')
-    app.add_css_file('https://example.com/custom.css')
-    app.add_js_file('script.js')
-    app.add_js_file('empty.js')
-    app.add_js_file('https://example.com/script.js')
-
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    # checksum for local files
-    assert '<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/stylesheet-a.css?v=e575b6df" />' in content
-    assert '<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/stylesheet-b.css?v=a2d5cc0f" />' in content
-    assert '<script src="_static/script.js?v=48278d48"></script>' in content
-
-    # empty files have no checksum
-    assert '<script src="_static/empty.js"></script>' in content
-
-    # no checksum for hyperlinks
-    assert '<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://example.com/custom.css" />' in content
-    assert '<script src="https://example.com/script.js"></script>' in content
-
-
-def test_file_checksum_query_string():
-    with pytest.raises(ThemeError, match='Local asset file paths must not contain query strings'):
-        _file_checksum(Path(), 'with_query_string.css?dead_parrots=1')
-
-    with pytest.raises(ThemeError, match='Local asset file paths must not contain query strings'):
-        _file_checksum(Path(), 'with_query_string.js?dead_parrots=1')
-
-    with pytest.raises(ThemeError, match='Local asset file paths must not contain query strings'):
-        _file_checksum(Path.cwd(), '_static/with_query_string.css?dead_parrots=1')
-
-    with pytest.raises(ThemeError, match='Local asset file paths must not contain query strings'):
-        _file_checksum(Path.cwd(), '_static/with_query_string.js?dead_parrots=1')
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='html_assets')
-def test_javscript_loading_method(app):
-    app.add_js_file('normal.js')
-    app.add_js_file('early.js', loading_method='async')
-    app.add_js_file('late.js', loading_method='defer')
-
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    assert '<script src="_static/normal.js"></script>' in content
-    assert '<script async="async" src="_static/early.js"></script>' in content
-    assert '<script defer="defer" src="_static/late.js"></script>' in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic', confoverrides={'html_copy_source': False})
-def test_html_copy_source(app):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    assert not (app.outdir / '_sources' / 'index.rst.txt').exists()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic', confoverrides={'html_sourcelink_suffix': '.txt'})
-def test_html_sourcelink_suffix(app):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    assert (app.outdir / '_sources' / 'index.rst.txt').exists()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic', confoverrides={'html_sourcelink_suffix': '.rst'})
-def test_html_sourcelink_suffix_same(app):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    assert (app.outdir / '_sources' / 'index.rst').exists()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic', confoverrides={'html_sourcelink_suffix': ''})
-def test_html_sourcelink_suffix_empty(app):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    assert (app.outdir / '_sources' / 'index.rst').exists()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='html_entity')
-def test_html_entity(app):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    valid_entities = {'amp', 'lt', 'gt', 'quot', 'apos'}
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    for entity in re.findall(r'&([a-z]+);', content, re.M):
-        assert entity not in valid_entities
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic')
-def test_html_inventory(app):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    with app.outdir.joinpath('objects.inv').open('rb') as f:
-        invdata = InventoryFile.load(f, 'https://www.google.com', posixpath.join)
-
-    assert set(invdata.keys()) == {'std:label', 'std:doc'}
-    assert set(invdata['std:label'].keys()) == {'modindex',
-                                                'py-modindex',
-                                                'genindex',
-                                                'search'}
-    assert invdata['std:label']['modindex'] == ('Python',
-                                                '',
-                                                'https://www.google.com/py-modindex.html',
-                                                'Module Index')
-    assert invdata['std:label']['py-modindex'] == ('Python',
-                                                   '',
-                                                   'https://www.google.com/py-modindex.html',
-                                                   'Python Module Index')
-    assert invdata['std:label']['genindex'] == ('Python',
-                                                '',
-                                                'https://www.google.com/genindex.html',
-                                                'Index')
-    assert invdata['std:label']['search'] == ('Python',
-                                              '',
-                                              'https://www.google.com/search.html',
-                                              'Search Page')
-    assert set(invdata['std:doc'].keys()) == {'index'}
-    assert invdata['std:doc']['index'] == ('Python',
-                                           '',
-                                           'https://www.google.com/index.html',
-                                           'The basic Sphinx documentation for testing')
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='images', confoverrides={'html_sourcelink_suffix': ''})
-def test_html_anchor_for_figure(app):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('<figcaption>\n<p><span class="caption-text">The caption of pic</span>'
-            '<a class="headerlink" href="#id1" title="Link to this image">¶</a></p>\n</figcaption>'
-            in content)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='directives-raw')
-def test_html_raw_directive(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    # standard case
-    assert 'standalone raw directive (HTML)' in result
-    assert 'standalone raw directive (LaTeX)' not in result
-
-    # with substitution
-    assert '<p>HTML: abc def ghi</p>' in result
-    assert '<p>LaTeX: abc  ghi</p>' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "expect"), flat_dict({
-    'index.html': [
-        (".//link[@href='_static/persistent.css']"
-         "[@rel='stylesheet']", '', True),
-        (".//link[@href='_static/default.css']"
-         "[@rel='stylesheet']"
-         "[@title='Default']", '', True),
-        (".//link[@href='_static/alternate1.css']"
-         "[@rel='alternate stylesheet']"
-         "[@title='Alternate']", '', True),
-        (".//link[@href='_static/alternate2.css']"
-         "[@rel='alternate stylesheet']", '', True),
-        (".//link[@href='_static/more_persistent.css']"
-         "[@rel='stylesheet']", '', True),
-        (".//link[@href='_static/more_default.css']"
-         "[@rel='stylesheet']"
-         "[@title='Default']", '', True),
-        (".//link[@href='_static/more_alternate1.css']"
-         "[@rel='alternate stylesheet']"
-         "[@title='Alternate']", '', True),
-        (".//link[@href='_static/more_alternate2.css']"
-         "[@rel='alternate stylesheet']", '', True),
-    ],
-}))
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='stylesheets')
-def test_alternate_stylesheets(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, expect):
-    app.build()
-    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, *expect)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='html_style')
-def test_html_style(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/default.css" />' in result
-    assert ('<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/alabaster.css" />'
-            not in result)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='images')
-def test_html_remote_images(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('<img alt="https://www.python.org/static/img/python-logo.png" '
-            'src="https://www.python.org/static/img/python-logo.png" />' in result)
-    assert not (app.outdir / 'python-logo.png').exists()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='image-escape')
-def test_html_encoded_image(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('<img alt="_images/img_%231.png" src="_images/img_%231.png" />' in result)
-    assert (app.outdir / '_images/img_#1.png').exists()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='remote-logo')
-def test_html_remote_logo(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('<img class="logo" src="https://www.python.org/static/img/python-logo.png" alt="Logo"/>' in result)
-    assert ('<link rel="icon" href="https://www.python.org/static/favicon.ico"/>' in result)
-    assert not (app.outdir / 'python-logo.png').exists()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='local-logo')
-def test_html_local_logo(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('<img class="logo" src="_static/img.png" alt="Logo"/>' in result)
-    assert (app.outdir / '_static/img.png').exists()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic')
-def test_html_sidebar(app, status, warning):
-    ctx = {}
-
-    # default for alabaster
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('<div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" '
-            'aria-label="main navigation">' in result)
-    assert '<h1 class="logo"><a href="#">Python</a></h1>' in result
-    assert '<h3>Navigation</h3>' in result
-    assert '<h3>Related Topics</h3>' in result
-    assert '<h3 id="searchlabel">Quick search</h3>' in result
-
-    app.builder.add_sidebars('index', ctx)
-    assert ctx['sidebars'] == ['about.html', 'navigation.html', 'relations.html',
-                               'searchbox.html', 'donate.html']
-
-    # only relations.html
-    app.config.html_sidebars = {'**': ['relations.html']}
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('<div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" '
-            'aria-label="main navigation">' in result)
-    assert '<h1 class="logo"><a href="#">Python</a></h1>' not in result
-    assert '<h3>Navigation</h3>' not in result
-    assert '<h3>Related Topics</h3>' in result
-    assert '<h3 id="searchlabel">Quick search</h3>' not in result
-
-    app.builder.add_sidebars('index', ctx)
-    assert ctx['sidebars'] == ['relations.html']
-
-    # no sidebars
-    app.config.html_sidebars = {'**': []}
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('<div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" '
-            'aria-label="main navigation">' not in result)
-    assert '<h1 class="logo"><a href="#">Python</a></h1>' not in result
-    assert '<h3>Navigation</h3>' not in result
-    assert '<h3>Related Topics</h3>' not in result
-    assert '<h3 id="searchlabel">Quick search</h3>' not in result
-
-    app.builder.add_sidebars('index', ctx)
-    assert ctx['sidebars'] == []
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "expect"), flat_dict({
-    'index.html': [(".//em/a[@href='https://example.com/man.1']", "", True),
-                   (".//em/a[@href='https://example.com/ls.1']", "", True),
-                   (".//em/a[@href='https://example.com/sphinx.']", "", True)],
-
-}))
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='manpage_url', confoverrides={
-    'manpages_url': 'https://example.com/{page}.{section}'})
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_manpage_url')
-def test_html_manpage(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, expect):
-    app.build()
-    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, *expect)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='toctree-glob',
-                    confoverrides={'html_baseurl': 'https://example.com/'})
-def test_html_baseurl(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '<link rel="canonical" href="https://example.com/index.html" />' in result
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'qux' / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '<link rel="canonical" href="https://example.com/qux/index.html" />' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='toctree-glob',
-                    confoverrides={'html_baseurl': 'https://example.com/subdir',
-                                   'html_file_suffix': '.htm'})
-def test_html_baseurl_and_html_file_suffix(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'index.htm').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '<link rel="canonical" href="https://example.com/subdir/index.htm" />' in result
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'qux' / 'index.htm').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '<link rel="canonical" href="https://example.com/subdir/qux/index.htm" />' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic')
-def test_default_html_math_renderer(app, status, warning):
-    assert app.builder.math_renderer_name == 'mathjax'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
-                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax']})
-def test_html_math_renderer_is_mathjax(app, status, warning):
-    assert app.builder.math_renderer_name == 'mathjax'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
-                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.imgmath']})
-def test_html_math_renderer_is_imgmath(app, status, warning):
-    assert app.builder.math_renderer_name == 'imgmath'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
-                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinxcontrib.jsmath',
-                                                  'sphinx.ext.imgmath']})
-def test_html_math_renderer_is_duplicated(make_app, app_params):
-    args, kwargs = app_params
-    with pytest.raises(
-        ConfigError,
-        match='Many math_renderers are registered. But no math_renderer is selected.',
-    ):
-        make_app(*args, **kwargs)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
-                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.imgmath',
-                                                  'sphinx.ext.mathjax']})
-def test_html_math_renderer_is_duplicated2(app, status, warning):
-    # case of both mathjax and another math_renderer is loaded
-    assert app.builder.math_renderer_name == 'imgmath'  # The another one is chosen
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
-                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinxcontrib.jsmath',
-                                                  'sphinx.ext.imgmath'],
-                                   'html_math_renderer': 'imgmath'})
-def test_html_math_renderer_is_chosen(app, status, warning):
-    assert app.builder.math_renderer_name == 'imgmath'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
-                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinxcontrib.jsmath',
-                                                  'sphinx.ext.mathjax'],
-                                   'html_math_renderer': 'imgmath'})
-def test_html_math_renderer_is_mismatched(make_app, app_params):
-    args, kwargs = app_params
-    with pytest.raises(ConfigError, match="Unknown math_renderer 'imgmath' is given."):
-        make_app(*args, **kwargs)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic')
-def test_html_pygments_style_default(app):
-    style = app.builder.highlighter.formatter_args.get('style')
-    assert style.__name__ == 'Alabaster'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
-                    confoverrides={'pygments_style': 'sphinx'})
-def test_html_pygments_style_manually(app):
-    style = app.builder.highlighter.formatter_args.get('style')
-    assert style.__name__ == 'SphinxStyle'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
-                    confoverrides={'html_theme': 'classic'})
-def test_html_pygments_for_classic_theme(app):
-    style = app.builder.highlighter.formatter_args.get('style')
-    assert style.__name__ == 'SphinxStyle'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic')
-def test_html_dark_pygments_style_default(app):
-    assert app.builder.dark_highlighter is None
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='basic', srcdir='validate_html_extra_path')
-def test_validate_html_extra_path(app):
-    (app.confdir / '_static').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    app.config.html_extra_path = [
-        '/path/to/not_found',       # not found
-        '_static',
-        app.outdir,                 # outdir
-        app.outdir / '_static',     # inside outdir
-    ]
-    validate_html_extra_path(app, app.config)
-    assert app.config.html_extra_path == ['_static']
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='basic', srcdir='validate_html_static_path')
-def test_validate_html_static_path(app):
-    (app.confdir / '_static').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    app.config.html_static_path = [
-        '/path/to/not_found',       # not found
-        '_static',
-        app.outdir,                 # outdir
-        app.outdir / '_static',     # inside outdir
-    ]
-    validate_html_static_path(app, app.config)
-    assert app.config.html_static_path == ['_static']
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='html_scaled_image_link')
-def test_html_scaled_image_link(app):
-    app.build()
-    context = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    # no scaled parameters
-    assert re.search('\n<img alt="_images/img.png" src="_images/img.png" />', context)
-
-    # scaled_image_link
-    assert re.search('\n<a class="reference internal image-reference" href="_images/img.png">'
-                     '<img alt="_images/img.png" src="_images/img.png" style="[^"]+" /></a>',
-                     context)
-
-    # no-scaled-link class disables the feature
-    assert re.search('\n<img alt="_images/img.png" class="no-scaled-link"'
-                     ' src="_images/img.png" style="[^"]+" />',
-                     context)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='reST-code-block',
-                    confoverrides={'html_codeblock_linenos_style': 'table'})
-def test_html_codeblock_linenos_style_table(app):
-    app.build()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    assert ('<div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>\n'
-            '<span class="normal">2</span>\n'
-            '<span class="normal">3</span>\n'
-            '<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div>') in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='reST-code-block',
-                    confoverrides={'html_codeblock_linenos_style': 'inline'})
-def test_html_codeblock_linenos_style_inline(app):
-    app.build()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    assert '<span class="linenos">1</span>' in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='highlight_options')
-def test_highlight_options(app):
-    subject = app.builder.highlighter
-    with patch.object(subject, 'highlight_block', wraps=subject.highlight_block) as highlight:
-        app.build()
-
-        call_args = highlight.call_args_list
-        assert len(call_args) == 3
-        assert call_args[0] == call(ANY, 'default', force=False, linenos=False,
-                                    location=ANY, opts={'default_option': True})
-        assert call_args[1] == call(ANY, 'python', force=False, linenos=False,
-                                    location=ANY, opts={'python_option': True})
-        assert call_args[2] == call(ANY, 'java', force=False, linenos=False,
-                                    location=ANY, opts={})
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='highlight_options',
-                    confoverrides={'highlight_options': {'default_option': True}})
-def test_highlight_options_old(app):
-    subject = app.builder.highlighter
-    with patch.object(subject, 'highlight_block', wraps=subject.highlight_block) as highlight:
-        app.build()
-
-        call_args = highlight.call_args_list
-        assert len(call_args) == 3
-        assert call_args[0] == call(ANY, 'default', force=False, linenos=False,
-                                    location=ANY, opts={'default_option': True})
-        assert call_args[1] == call(ANY, 'python', force=False, linenos=False,
-                                    location=ANY, opts={})
-        assert call_args[2] == call(ANY, 'java', force=False, linenos=False,
-                                    location=ANY, opts={})
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
-                    confoverrides={'html_permalinks': False})
-def test_html_permalink_disable(app):
-    app.build()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    assert '<h1>The basic Sphinx documentation for testing</h1>' in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
-                    confoverrides={'html_permalinks_icon': '<span>[PERMALINK]</span>'})
-def test_html_permalink_icon(app):
-    app.build()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    assert ('<h1>The basic Sphinx documentation for testing<a class="headerlink" '
-            'href="#the-basic-sphinx-documentation-for-testing" '
-            'title="Link to this heading"><span>[PERMALINK]</span></a></h1>' in content)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='html_signaturereturn_icon')
-def test_html_signaturereturn_icon(app):
-    app.build()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    assert ('<span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span>' in content)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='reST-code-role')
-def test_html_code_role(app):
-    app.build()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    common_content = (
-        '<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">foo</span>'
-        '<span class="p">(</span>'
-        '<span class="mi">1</span> '
-        '<span class="o">+</span> '
-        '<span class="mi">2</span> '
-        '<span class="o">+</span> '
-        '<span class="kc">None</span> '
-        '<span class="o">+</span> '
-        '<span class="s2">&quot;abc&quot;</span>'
-        '<span class="p">):</span> '
-        '<span class="k">pass</span>')
-    assert ('<p>Inline <code class="code highlight python docutils literal highlight-python">' +
-            common_content + '</code> code block</p>') in content
-    assert ('<div class="highlight-python notranslate">' +
-            '<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>' +
-            common_content) in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='root',
-                    confoverrides={'option_emphasise_placeholders': True})
-def test_option_emphasise_placeholders(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'objects.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '<em><span class="pre">TYPE</span></em>' in content
-    assert '{TYPE}' not in content
-    assert ('<em><span class="pre">WHERE</span></em>'
-            '<span class="pre">-</span>'
-            '<em><span class="pre">COUNT</span></em>' in content)
-    assert '<span class="pre">{{value}}</span>' in content
-    assert ('<span class="pre">--plugin.option</span></span>'
-            '<a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-perl-plugin.option" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>') in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='root')
-def test_option_emphasise_placeholders_default(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'objects.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '<span class="pre">={TYPE}</span>' in content
-    assert '<span class="pre">={WHERE}-{COUNT}</span></span>' in content
-    assert '<span class="pre">{client_name}</span>' in content
-    assert ('<span class="pre">--plugin.option</span></span>'
-            '<span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span>'
-            '<a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-perl-plugin.option" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>') in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='root')
-def test_option_reference_with_value(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'objects.html').read_text(encoding='utf-8')
-    assert ('<span class="pre">-mapi</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname">'
-            '</span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-git-commit-mapi"') in content
-    assert 'first option <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-git-commit-mapi">' in content
-    assert ('<a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-git-commit-mapi">'
-            '<code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-mapi[=xxx]</span></code></a>') in content
-    assert '<span class="pre">-mapi</span> <span class="pre">with_space</span>' in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='theming')
-def test_theme_options(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-
-    result = (app.outdir / '_static' / 'documentation_options.js').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert 'NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS: false' in result
-    assert 'ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS: true' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='theming',
-                    confoverrides={'html_theme_options.navigation_with_keys': True,
-                                   'html_theme_options.enable_search_shortcuts': False})
-def test_theme_options_with_override(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-
-    result = (app.outdir / '_static' / 'documentation_options.js').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert 'NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS: true' in result
-    assert 'ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS: false' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='build-html-theme-having-multiple-stylesheets')
-def test_theme_having_multiple_stylesheets(app):
-    app.build()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf-8')
-
-    assert '<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/mytheme.css" />' in content
-    assert '<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/extra.css" />' in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='images')
-def test_copy_images(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-
-    images_dir = Path(app.outdir) / '_images'
-    images = {image.name for image in images_dir.rglob('*')}
-    assert images == {
-        'img.png',
-        'rimg.png',
-        'rimg1.png',
-        'svgimg.svg',
-        'testimäge.png',
-    }
diff --git a/tests/test_build_latex.py b/tests/test_build_latex.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e37a97e..0000000
--- a/tests/test_build_latex.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1755 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the build process with LaTeX builder with the test root."""
-
-import os
-import re
-import subprocess
-from itertools import chain, product
-from pathlib import Path
-from shutil import copyfile
-from subprocess import CalledProcessError
-
-import pytest
-
-from sphinx.builders.latex import default_latex_documents
-from sphinx.config import Config
-from sphinx.errors import SphinxError
-from sphinx.ext.intersphinx import load_mappings, normalize_intersphinx_mapping
-from sphinx.ext.intersphinx import setup as intersphinx_setup
-from sphinx.testing.util import strip_escseq
-from sphinx.util.osutil import ensuredir
-from sphinx.writers.latex import LaTeXTranslator
-
-from .test_build_html import ENV_WARNINGS
-
-try:
-    from contextlib import chdir
-except ImportError:
-    from sphinx.util.osutil import _chdir as chdir
-
-LATEX_ENGINES = ['pdflatex', 'lualatex', 'xelatex']
-DOCCLASSES = ['manual', 'howto']
-STYLEFILES = ['article.cls', 'fancyhdr.sty', 'titlesec.sty', 'amsmath.sty',
-              'framed.sty', 'color.sty', 'fancyvrb.sty',
-              'fncychap.sty', 'geometry.sty', 'kvoptions.sty', 'hyperref.sty',
-              'booktabs.sty']
-
-LATEX_WARNINGS = ENV_WARNINGS + """\
-%(root)s/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: unknown option: '&option'
-%(root)s/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: citation not found: missing
-%(root)s/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: a suitable image for latex builder not found: foo.\\*
-%(root)s/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: Lexing literal_block ".*" as "c" resulted in an error at token: ".*". Retrying in relaxed mode.
-"""
-
-
-# only run latex if all needed packages are there
-def kpsetest(*filenames):
-    try:
-        subprocess.run(['kpsewhich'] + list(filenames), capture_output=True, check=True)
-        return True
-    except (OSError, CalledProcessError):
-        return False  # command not found or exit with non-zero
-
-
-# compile latex document with app.config.latex_engine
-def compile_latex_document(app, filename='python.tex', docclass='manual'):
-    # now, try to run latex over it
-    try:
-        with chdir(app.outdir):
-            # name latex output-directory according to both engine and docclass
-            # to avoid reuse of auxiliary files by one docclass from another
-            latex_outputdir = app.config.latex_engine + docclass
-            ensuredir(latex_outputdir)
-            # keep a copy of latex file for this engine in case test fails
-            copyfile(filename, latex_outputdir + '/' + filename)
-            args = [app.config.latex_engine,
-                    '--halt-on-error',
-                    '--interaction=nonstopmode',
-                    '-output-directory=%s' % latex_outputdir,
-                    filename]
-            subprocess.run(args, capture_output=True, check=True)
-    except OSError as exc:  # most likely the latex executable was not found
-        raise pytest.skip.Exception from exc
-    except CalledProcessError as exc:
-        print(exc.stdout.decode('utf8'))
-        print(exc.stderr.decode('utf8'))
-        msg = f'{app.config.latex_engine} exited with return code {exc.returncode}'
-        raise AssertionError(msg) from exc
-
-
-def skip_if_requested(testfunc):
-    if 'SKIP_LATEX_BUILD' in os.environ:
-        msg = 'Skip LaTeX builds because SKIP_LATEX_BUILD is set'
-        return pytest.mark.skipif(True, reason=msg)(testfunc)
-    else:
-        return testfunc
-
-
-def skip_if_stylefiles_notfound(testfunc):
-    if kpsetest(*STYLEFILES) is False:
-        msg = 'not running latex, the required styles do not seem to be installed'
-        return pytest.mark.skipif(True, reason=msg)(testfunc)
-    else:
-        return testfunc
-
-
-@skip_if_requested
-@skip_if_stylefiles_notfound
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    ('engine', 'docclass', 'python_maximum_signature_line_length'),
-    # Only running test with `python_maximum_signature_line_length` not None with last
-    # LaTeX engine to reduce testing time, as if this configuration does not fail with
-    # one engine, it's almost impossible it would fail with another.
-    chain(
-        product(LATEX_ENGINES[:-1], DOCCLASSES, [None]),
-        product([LATEX_ENGINES[-1]], DOCCLASSES, [1]),
-    ),
-)
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', freshenv=True)
-def test_build_latex_doc(app, status, warning, engine, docclass, python_maximum_signature_line_length):
-    app.config.python_maximum_signature_line_length = python_maximum_signature_line_length
-    app.config.intersphinx_mapping = {
-        'sphinx': ('https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/', None),
-    }
-    intersphinx_setup(app)
-    app.config.latex_engine = engine
-    app.config.latex_documents = [app.config.latex_documents[0][:4] + (docclass,)]
-    if engine == 'xelatex':
-        app.config.latex_table_style = ['booktabs']
-    elif engine == 'lualatex':
-        app.config.latex_table_style = ['colorrows']
-    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
-    load_mappings(app)
-    app.builder.init()
-    LaTeXTranslator.ignore_missing_images = True
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    # file from latex_additional_files
-    assert (app.outdir / 'svgimg.svg').is_file()
-
-    compile_latex_document(app, 'sphinxtests.tex', docclass)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex')
-def test_writer(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxtests.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    assert ('\\begin{sphinxfigure-in-table}\n\\centering\n\\capstart\n'
-            '\\noindent\\sphinxincludegraphics{{img}.png}\n'
-            '\\sphinxfigcaption{figure in table}\\label{\\detokenize{markup:id8}}'
-            '\\end{sphinxfigure-in-table}\\relax' in result)
-
-    assert ('\\begin{wrapfigure}{r}{0pt}\n\\centering\n'
-            '\\noindent\\sphinxincludegraphics{{rimg}.png}\n'
-            '\\caption{figure with align option}\\label{\\detokenize{markup:id9}}'
-            '\\end{wrapfigure}\n\n'
-            '\\mbox{}\\par\\vskip-\\dimexpr\\baselineskip+\\parskip\\relax' in result)
-
-    assert ('\\begin{wrapfigure}{r}{0.500\\linewidth}\n\\centering\n'
-            '\\noindent\\sphinxincludegraphics{{rimg}.png}\n'
-            '\\caption{figure with align \\& figwidth option}'
-            '\\label{\\detokenize{markup:id10}}'
-            '\\end{wrapfigure}\n\n'
-            '\\mbox{}\\par\\vskip-\\dimexpr\\baselineskip+\\parskip\\relax' in result)
-
-    assert ('\\begin{wrapfigure}{r}{3cm}\n\\centering\n'
-            '\\noindent\\sphinxincludegraphics[width=3cm]{{rimg}.png}\n'
-            '\\caption{figure with align \\& width option}'
-            '\\label{\\detokenize{markup:id11}}'
-            '\\end{wrapfigure}\n\n'
-            '\\mbox{}\\par\\vskip-\\dimexpr\\baselineskip+\\parskip\\relax' in result)
-
-    assert 'Footnotes' not in result
-
-    assert ('\\begin{sphinxseealso}{See also:}\n\n'
-            '\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
-            'something, something else, something more\n'
-            '\\begin{description}\n'
-            '\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{http://www.google.com}{Google}}\n'
-            '\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
-            'For everything.\n'
-            '\n'
-            '\\end{description}\n'
-            '\n\n\\end{sphinxseealso}\n\n' in result)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='warnings', freshenv=True)
-def test_latex_warnings(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    warnings = strip_escseq(re.sub(re.escape(os.sep) + '{1,2}', '/', warning.getvalue()))
-    warnings_exp = LATEX_WARNINGS % {
-        'root': re.escape(app.srcdir.as_posix())}
-    assert re.match(warnings_exp + '$', warnings), \
-        "Warnings don't match:\n" + \
-        '--- Expected (regex):\n' + warnings_exp + \
-        '--- Got:\n' + warnings
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic')
-def test_latex_basic(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'test.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert r'\title{The basic Sphinx documentation for testing}' in result
-    assert r'\release{}' in result
-    assert r'\renewcommand{\releasename}{}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic',
-                    confoverrides={
-                        'latex_documents': [('index', 'test.tex', 'title', 'author', 'manual')],
-                    })
-def test_latex_basic_manual(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'test.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    assert r'\def\sphinxdocclass{report}' in result
-    assert r'\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,english]{sphinxmanual}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic',
-                    confoverrides={
-                        'latex_documents': [('index', 'test.tex', 'title', 'author', 'howto')],
-                    })
-def test_latex_basic_howto(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'test.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    assert r'\def\sphinxdocclass{article}' in result
-    assert r'\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,english]{sphinxhowto}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic',
-                    confoverrides={
-                        'language': 'ja',
-                        'latex_documents': [('index', 'test.tex', 'title', 'author', 'manual')],
-                    })
-def test_latex_basic_manual_ja(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'test.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    assert r'\def\sphinxdocclass{ujbook}' in result
-    assert r'\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,dvipdfmx]{sphinxmanual}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic',
-                    confoverrides={
-                        'language': 'ja',
-                        'latex_documents': [('index', 'test.tex', 'title', 'author', 'howto')],
-                    })
-def test_latex_basic_howto_ja(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'test.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    assert r'\def\sphinxdocclass{ujreport}' in result
-    assert r'\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,dvipdfmx]{sphinxhowto}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-theme')
-def test_latex_theme(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    assert r'\def\sphinxdocclass{book}' in result
-    assert r'\documentclass[a4paper,12pt,english]{sphinxbook}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-theme',
-                    confoverrides={'latex_elements': {'papersize': 'b5paper',
-                                                      'pointsize': '9pt'}})
-def test_latex_theme_papersize(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    assert r'\def\sphinxdocclass{book}' in result
-    assert r'\documentclass[b5paper,9pt,english]{sphinxbook}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-theme',
-                    confoverrides={'latex_theme_options': {'papersize': 'b5paper',
-                                                           'pointsize': '9pt'}})
-def test_latex_theme_options(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    assert r'\def\sphinxdocclass{book}' in result
-    assert r'\documentclass[b5paper,9pt,english]{sphinxbook}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic', confoverrides={'language': 'zh'})
-def test_latex_additional_settings_for_language_code(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'test.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert r'\usepackage{xeCJK}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic', confoverrides={'language': 'el'})
-def test_latex_additional_settings_for_greek(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'test.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert '\\usepackage{polyglossia}\n\\setmainlanguage{greek}' in result
-    assert '\\newfontfamily\\greekfonttt{FreeMono}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-title')
-def test_latex_title_after_admonitions(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'test.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert '\\title{test\\sphinxhyphen{}latex\\sphinxhyphen{}title}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic',
-                    confoverrides={'release': '1.0_0'})
-def test_latex_release(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'test.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert r'\release{1.0\_0}' in result
-    assert r'\renewcommand{\releasename}{Release}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='numfig',
-                    confoverrides={'numfig': True})
-def test_numref(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:fig1}]'
-            '{Fig.\\@ \\ref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:fig22}]'
-            '{Figure\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:fig22}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:table-1}]'
-            '{Table \\ref{\\detokenize{index:table-1}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:table22}]'
-            '{Table:\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:table22}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:code-1}]'
-            '{Listing \\ref{\\detokenize{index:code-1}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:code22}]'
-            '{Code\\sphinxhyphen{}\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:code22}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{foo:foo}]'
-            '{Section \\ref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{bar:bar-a}]'
-            '{Section \\ref{\\detokenize{bar:bar-a}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:fig1}]{Fig.\\ref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}} '
-            '\\nameref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{foo:foo}]{Sect.\\ref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}} '
-            '\\nameref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}}}') in result
-
-    # sphinxmessages.sty
-    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\figurename}{Fig.\@{} }}' in result
-    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\tablename}{Table }}' in result
-    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\literalblockname}{Listing}}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'latex', testroot='numfig',
-    confoverrides={'numfig': True,
-                   'numfig_format': {'figure': 'Figure:%s',
-                                     'table': 'Tab_%s',
-                                     'code-block': 'Code-%s',
-                                     'section': 'SECTION-%s'}})
-def test_numref_with_prefix1(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert '\\ref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}}' in result
-    assert '\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:fig22}}' in result
-    assert '\\ref{\\detokenize{index:table-1}}' in result
-    assert '\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:table22}}' in result
-    assert '\\ref{\\detokenize{index:code-1}}' in result
-    assert '\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:code22}}' in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:fig1}]'
-            '{Figure:\\ref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:fig22}]'
-            '{Figure\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:fig22}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:table-1}]'
-            '{Tab\\_\\ref{\\detokenize{index:table-1}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:table22}]'
-            '{Table:\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:table22}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:code-1}]'
-            '{Code\\sphinxhyphen{}\\ref{\\detokenize{index:code-1}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:code22}]'
-            '{Code\\sphinxhyphen{}\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:code22}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{foo:foo}]'
-            '{SECTION\\sphinxhyphen{}\\ref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{bar:bar-a}]'
-            '{SECTION\\sphinxhyphen{}\\ref{\\detokenize{bar:bar-a}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:fig1}]{Fig.\\ref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}} '
-            '\\nameref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{foo:foo}]{Sect.\\ref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}} '
-            '\\nameref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}}}') in result
-
-    # sphinxmessages.sty
-    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\figurename}{Figure:}}' in result
-    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\tablename}{Tab\_}}' in result
-    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\literalblockname}{Code-}}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'latex', testroot='numfig',
-    confoverrides={'numfig': True,
-                   'numfig_format': {'figure': 'Figure:%s.',
-                                     'table': 'Tab_%s:',
-                                     'code-block': 'Code-%s | ',
-                                     'section': 'SECTION_%s_'}})
-def test_numref_with_prefix2(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:fig1}]'
-            '{Figure:\\ref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}}.\\@}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:fig22}]'
-            '{Figure\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:fig22}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:table-1}]'
-            '{Tab\\_\\ref{\\detokenize{index:table-1}}:}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:table22}]'
-            '{Table:\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:table22}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:code-1}]{Code\\sphinxhyphen{}\\ref{\\detokenize{index:code-1}} '
-            '| }') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:code22}]'
-            '{Code\\sphinxhyphen{}\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:code22}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{foo:foo}]'
-            '{SECTION\\_\\ref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}}\\_}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{bar:bar-a}]'
-            '{SECTION\\_\\ref{\\detokenize{bar:bar-a}}\\_}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:fig1}]{Fig.\\ref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}} '
-            '\\nameref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{foo:foo}]{Sect.\\ref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}} '
-            '\\nameref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}}}') in result
-
-    # sphinxmessages.sty
-    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\figurename}{Figure:}}' in result
-    assert r'\def\fnum@figure{\figurename\thefigure{}.}' in result
-    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\tablename}{Tab\_}}' in result
-    assert r'\def\fnum@table{\tablename\thetable{}:}' in result
-    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\literalblockname}{Code-}}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'latex', testroot='numfig',
-    confoverrides={'numfig': True, 'language': 'ja'})
-def test_numref_with_language_ja(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:fig1}]'
-            '{\u56f3 \\ref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:fig22}]'
-            '{Figure\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:fig22}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:table-1}]'
-            '{\u8868 \\ref{\\detokenize{index:table-1}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:table22}]'
-            '{Table:\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:table22}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:code-1}]'
-            '{\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8 \\ref{\\detokenize{index:code-1}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:code22}]'
-            '{Code\\sphinxhyphen{}\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:code22}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{foo:foo}]'
-            '{\\ref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}} \u7ae0}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{bar:bar-a}]'
-            '{\\ref{\\detokenize{bar:bar-a}} \u7ae0}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:fig1}]{Fig.\\ref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}} '
-            '\\nameref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{foo:foo}]{Sect.\\ref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}} '
-            '\\nameref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}}}') in result
-
-    # sphinxmessages.sty
-    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    assert '\\@iden{\\renewcommand{\\figurename}{図 }}' in result
-    assert '\\@iden{\\renewcommand{\\tablename}{表 }}' in result
-    assert '\\@iden{\\renewcommand{\\literalblockname}{リスト}}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-numfig')
-def test_latex_obey_numfig_is_false(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'SphinxManual.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '\\usepackage{sphinx}' in result
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'SphinxHowTo.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '\\usepackage{sphinx}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'latex', testroot='latex-numfig',
-    confoverrides={'numfig': True, 'numfig_secnum_depth': 0})
-def test_latex_obey_numfig_secnum_depth_is_zero(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'SphinxManual.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '\\usepackage[,nonumfigreset,mathnumfig]{sphinx}' in result
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'SphinxHowTo.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '\\usepackage[,nonumfigreset,mathnumfig]{sphinx}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'latex', testroot='latex-numfig',
-    confoverrides={'numfig': True, 'numfig_secnum_depth': 2})
-def test_latex_obey_numfig_secnum_depth_is_two(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'SphinxManual.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '\\usepackage[,numfigreset=2,mathnumfig]{sphinx}' in result
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'SphinxHowTo.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '\\usepackage[,numfigreset=3,mathnumfig]{sphinx}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'latex', testroot='latex-numfig',
-    confoverrides={'numfig': True, 'math_numfig': False})
-def test_latex_obey_numfig_but_math_numfig_false(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'SphinxManual.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '\\usepackage[,numfigreset=1]{sphinx}' in result
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'SphinxHowTo.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '\\usepackage[,numfigreset=2]{sphinx}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic')
-def test_latex_add_latex_package(app, status, warning):
-    app.add_latex_package('foo')
-    app.add_latex_package('bar', 'baz')
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'test.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '\\usepackage{foo}' in result
-    assert '\\usepackage[baz]{bar}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-babel')
-def test_babel_with_no_language_settings(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert '\\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,english]{sphinxmanual}' in result
-    assert '\\usepackage{babel}' in result
-    assert '\\usepackage{tgtermes}' in result
-    assert '\\usepackage[Bjarne]{fncychap}' in result
-    assert ('\\addto\\captionsenglish{\\renewcommand{\\contentsname}{Table of content}}\n'
-            in result)
-    assert '\\shorthandoff{"}' in result
-
-    # sphinxmessages.sty
-    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    assert r'\def\pageautorefname{page}' in result
-    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\figurename}{Fig.\@{} }}' in result
-    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\tablename}{Table.\@{} }}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'latex', testroot='latex-babel',
-    confoverrides={'language': 'de'})
-def test_babel_with_language_de(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert '\\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,ngerman]{sphinxmanual}' in result
-    assert '\\usepackage{babel}' in result
-    assert '\\usepackage{tgtermes}' in result
-    assert '\\usepackage[Sonny]{fncychap}' in result
-    assert ('\\addto\\captionsngerman{\\renewcommand{\\contentsname}{Table of content}}\n'
-            in result)
-    assert '\\shorthandoff{"}' in result
-
-    # sphinxmessages.sty
-    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    assert r'\def\pageautorefname{Seite}' in result
-    assert r'\addto\captionsngerman{\renewcommand{\figurename}{Fig.\@{} }}' in result
-    assert r'\addto\captionsngerman{\renewcommand{\tablename}{Table.\@{} }}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'latex', testroot='latex-babel',
-    confoverrides={'language': 'ru'})
-def test_babel_with_language_ru(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert '\\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,russian]{sphinxmanual}' in result
-    assert '\\usepackage{babel}' in result
-    assert '\\usepackage{tgtermes}' not in result
-    assert '\\usepackage[Sonny]{fncychap}' in result
-    assert ('\\addto\\captionsrussian{\\renewcommand{\\contentsname}{Table of content}}\n'
-            in result)
-    assert '\\shorthandoff{"}' in result
-
-    # sphinxmessages.sty
-    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    assert r'\def\pageautorefname{страница}' in result
-    assert r'\addto\captionsrussian{\renewcommand{\figurename}{Fig.\@{} }}' in result
-    assert r'\addto\captionsrussian{\renewcommand{\tablename}{Table.\@{} }}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'latex', testroot='latex-babel',
-    confoverrides={'language': 'tr'})
-def test_babel_with_language_tr(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert '\\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,turkish]{sphinxmanual}' in result
-    assert '\\usepackage{babel}' in result
-    assert '\\usepackage{tgtermes}' in result
-    assert '\\usepackage[Sonny]{fncychap}' in result
-    assert ('\\addto\\captionsturkish{\\renewcommand{\\contentsname}{Table of content}}\n'
-            in result)
-    assert '\\shorthandoff{=}' in result
-
-    # sphinxmessages.sty
-    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    assert r'\def\pageautorefname{sayfa}' in result
-    assert r'\addto\captionsturkish{\renewcommand{\figurename}{Fig.\@{} }}' in result
-    assert r'\addto\captionsturkish{\renewcommand{\tablename}{Table.\@{} }}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'latex', testroot='latex-babel',
-    confoverrides={'language': 'ja'})
-def test_babel_with_language_ja(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert '\\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,dvipdfmx]{sphinxmanual}' in result
-    assert '\\usepackage{babel}' not in result
-    assert '\\usepackage{tgtermes}' in result
-    assert '\\usepackage[Sonny]{fncychap}' not in result
-    assert '\\renewcommand{\\contentsname}{Table of content}\n' in result
-    assert '\\shorthandoff' not in result
-
-    # sphinxmessages.sty
-    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    assert r'\def\pageautorefname{ページ}' in result
-    assert '\\@iden{\\renewcommand{\\figurename}{Fig.\\@{} }}' in result
-    assert '\\@iden{\\renewcommand{\\tablename}{Table.\\@{} }}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'latex', testroot='latex-babel',
-    confoverrides={'language': 'unknown'})
-def test_babel_with_unknown_language(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert '\\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,english]{sphinxmanual}' in result
-    assert '\\usepackage{babel}' in result
-    assert '\\usepackage{tgtermes}' in result
-    assert '\\usepackage[Sonny]{fncychap}' in result
-    assert ('\\addto\\captionsenglish{\\renewcommand{\\contentsname}{Table of content}}\n'
-            in result)
-    assert '\\shorthandoff' in result
-
-    assert "WARNING: no Babel option known for language 'unknown'" in warning.getvalue()
-
-    # sphinxmessages.sty
-    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    assert r'\def\pageautorefname{page}' in result
-    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\figurename}{Fig.\@{} }}' in result
-    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\tablename}{Table.\@{} }}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'latex', testroot='latex-babel',
-    confoverrides={'language': 'de', 'latex_engine': 'lualatex'})
-def test_polyglossia_with_language_de(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert '\\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,german]{sphinxmanual}' in result
-    assert '\\usepackage{polyglossia}' in result
-    assert '\\setmainlanguage[spelling=new]{german}' in result
-    assert '\\usepackage{tgtermes}' not in result
-    assert '\\usepackage[Sonny]{fncychap}' in result
-    assert ('\\addto\\captionsgerman{\\renewcommand{\\contentsname}{Table of content}}\n'
-            in result)
-    assert '\\shorthandoff' not in result
-
-    # sphinxmessages.sty
-    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    assert r'\def\pageautorefname{Seite}' in result
-    assert r'\addto\captionsgerman{\renewcommand{\figurename}{Fig.\@{} }}' in result
-    assert r'\addto\captionsgerman{\renewcommand{\tablename}{Table.\@{} }}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'latex', testroot='latex-babel',
-    confoverrides={'language': 'de-1901', 'latex_engine': 'lualatex'})
-def test_polyglossia_with_language_de_1901(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert '\\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,german]{sphinxmanual}' in result
-    assert '\\usepackage{polyglossia}' in result
-    assert '\\setmainlanguage[spelling=old]{german}' in result
-    assert '\\usepackage{tgtermes}' not in result
-    assert '\\usepackage[Sonny]{fncychap}' in result
-    assert ('\\addto\\captionsgerman{\\renewcommand{\\contentsname}{Table of content}}\n'
-            in result)
-    assert '\\shorthandoff' not in result
-
-    # sphinxmessages.sty
-    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    assert r'\def\pageautorefname{page}' in result
-    assert r'\addto\captionsgerman{\renewcommand{\figurename}{Fig.\@{} }}' in result
-    assert r'\addto\captionsgerman{\renewcommand{\tablename}{Table.\@{} }}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex')
-def test_footnote(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxtests.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n%\n\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            'numbered\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
-    assert ('\\begin{footnote}[2]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\nauto numbered\n%\n'
-            '\\end{footnote}') in result
-    assert '\\begin{footnote}[3]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\nnamed\n%\n\\end{footnote}' in result
-    assert '\\sphinxcite{footnote:bar}' in result
-    assert ('\\bibitem[bar]{footnote:bar}\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\ncite\n') in result
-    assert '\\sphinxcaption{Table caption \\sphinxfootnotemark[4]' in result
-    assert ('\\sphinxmidrule\n\\sphinxtableatstartofbodyhook%\n'
-            '\\begin{footnotetext}[4]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            'footnote in table caption\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces %\n'
-            '\\begin{footnotetext}[5]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            'footnote in table header\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces '
-            '\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
-            'VIDIOC\\_CROPCAP\n&\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\n') in result
-    assert ('Information about VIDIOC\\_CROPCAP %\n'
-            '\\begin{footnote}[6]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            'footnote in table not in header\n%\n\\end{footnote}\n\\\\\n'
-            '\\sphinxbottomrule\n\\end{tabulary}\n'
-            '\\sphinxtableafterendhook\\par\n\\sphinxattableend\\end{savenotes}\n') in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='footnotes')
-def test_reference_in_caption_and_codeblock_in_footnote(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert ('\\caption{This is the figure caption with a reference to '
-            '\\sphinxcite{index:authoryear}.}' in result)
-    assert '\\chapter{The section with a reference to {[}AuthorYear{]}}' in result
-    assert ('\\sphinxcaption{The table title with a reference'
-            ' to {[}AuthorYear{]}}' in result)
-    assert '\\subsubsection*{The rubric title with a reference to {[}AuthorYear{]}}' in result
-    assert ('\\chapter{The section with a reference to \\sphinxfootnotemark[6]}\n'
-            '\\label{\\detokenize{index:the-section-with-a-reference-to}}'
-            '%\n\\begin{footnotetext}[6]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            'Footnote in section\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}') in result
-    assert ('\\caption{This is the figure caption with a footnote to '
-            '\\sphinxfootnotemark[8].}\\label{\\detokenize{index:id35}}\\end{figure}\n'
-            '%\n\\begin{footnotetext}[8]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            'Footnote in caption\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}') in result
-    assert ('\\sphinxcaption{footnote \\sphinxfootnotemark[9] in '
-            'caption of normal table}\\label{\\detokenize{index:id36}}') in result
-    assert ('\\caption{footnote \\sphinxfootnotemark[10] '
-            'in caption \\sphinxfootnotemark[11] of longtable\\strut}') in result
-    assert ('\\endlastfoot\n\\sphinxtableatstartofbodyhook\n%\n'
-            '\\begin{footnotetext}[10]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            'Foot note in longtable\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces %\n'
-            '\\begin{footnotetext}[11]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            'Second footnote in caption of longtable\n') in result
-    assert ('This is a reference to the code\\sphinxhyphen{}block in the footnote:\n'
-            '{\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:codeblockinfootnote}]'
-            '{\\sphinxcrossref{\\DUrole{std,std-ref}{I am in a footnote}}}}') in result
-    assert ('&\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nThis is one more footnote with some code in it %\n'
-            '\\begin{footnote}[12]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            'Third footnote in longtable\n') in result
-    assert ('\\end{sphinxVerbatim}\n%\n\\end{footnote}.\n') in result
-    assert '\\begin{sphinxVerbatim}[commandchars=\\\\\\{\\}]' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='footnotes')
-def test_footnote_referred_multiple_times(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-
-    assert ('Explicitly numbered footnote: %\n'
-            '\\begin{footnote}[100]'
-            '\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\nNumbered footnote\n%\n'
-            '\\end{footnote} \\sphinxfootnotemark[100]\n'
-            in result)
-    assert ('Named footnote: %\n'
-            '\\begin{footnote}[13]'
-            '\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\nNamed footnote\n%\n'
-            '\\end{footnote} \\sphinxfootnotemark[13]\n'
-            in result)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'latex', testroot='footnotes',
-    confoverrides={'latex_show_urls': 'inline'})
-def test_latex_show_urls_is_inline(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert ('Same footnote number %\n'
-            '\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            'footnote in bar\n%\n\\end{footnote} in bar.rst') in result
-    assert ('Auto footnote number %\n\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            'footnote in baz\n%\n\\end{footnote} in baz.rst') in result
-    assert ('\\phantomsection\\label{\\detokenize{index:id38}}'
-            '{\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:the-section'
-            '-with-a-reference-to-authoryear}]'
-            '{\\sphinxcrossref{The section with a reference to '
-            '\\sphinxcite{index:authoryear}}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\phantomsection\\label{\\detokenize{index:id39}}'
-            '{\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:the-section-with-a-reference-to}]'
-            '{\\sphinxcrossref{The section with a reference to }}}' in result)
-    assert ('First footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[2]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            'First\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
-    assert ('Second footnote: %\n'
-            '\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            'Second\n%\n\\end{footnote}\n') in result
-    assert '\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/}{Sphinx} (http://sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}doc.org/)' in result
-    assert ('Third footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[3]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            'Third \\sphinxfootnotemark[4]\n%\n\\end{footnote}%\n'
-            '\\begin{footnotetext}[4]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            'Footnote inside footnote\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces') in result
-    assert ('Fourth footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[5]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            'Fourth\n%\n\\end{footnote}\n') in result
-    assert ('\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/~test/}{URL including tilde} '
-            '(http://sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}doc.org/\\textasciitilde{}test/)') in result
-    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/}{URL in term} '
-            '(http://sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}doc.org/)}\n'
-            '\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription' in result)
-    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{Footnote in term \\sphinxfootnotemark[7]}%\n'
-            '\\begin{footnotetext}[7]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n' in result)
-    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/}{URL in term} '
-            '(http://sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}doc.org/)}\n'
-            '\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription' in result)
-    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{Footnote in term \\sphinxfootnotemark[7]}%\n'
-            '\\begin{footnotetext}[7]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            'Footnote in term\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces '
-            '\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription') in result
-    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/}{Term in deflist} '
-            '(http://sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}doc.org/)}'
-            '\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription') in result
-    assert '\\sphinxurl{https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx}\n' in result
-    assert ('\\sphinxhref{mailto:sphinx-dev@googlegroups.com}'
-            '{sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}dev@googlegroups.com}') in result
-    assert '\\begin{savenotes}\\begin{fulllineitems}' not in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'latex', testroot='footnotes',
-    confoverrides={'latex_show_urls': 'footnote'})
-def test_latex_show_urls_is_footnote(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert ('Same footnote number %\n'
-            '\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            'footnote in bar\n%\n\\end{footnote} in bar.rst') in result
-    assert ('Auto footnote number %\n\\begin{footnote}[2]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            'footnote in baz\n%\n\\end{footnote} in baz.rst') in result
-    assert ('\\phantomsection\\label{\\detokenize{index:id38}}'
-            '{\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:the-section-with-a-reference-to-authoryear}]'
-            '{\\sphinxcrossref{The section with a reference '
-            'to \\sphinxcite{index:authoryear}}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\phantomsection\\label{\\detokenize{index:id39}}'
-            '{\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:the-section-with-a-reference-to}]'
-            '{\\sphinxcrossref{The section with a reference to }}}') in result
-    assert ('First footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[3]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            'First\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
-    assert ('Second footnote: %\n'
-            '\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            'Second\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
-    assert ('\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/}{Sphinx}'
-            '%\n\\begin{footnote}[4]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            '\\sphinxnolinkurl{http://sphinx-doc.org/}\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
-    assert ('Third footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[6]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            'Third \\sphinxfootnotemark[7]\n%\n\\end{footnote}%\n'
-            '\\begin{footnotetext}[7]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            'Footnote inside footnote\n%\n'
-            '\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces') in result
-    assert ('Fourth footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[8]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            'Fourth\n%\n\\end{footnote}\n') in result
-    assert ('\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/~test/}{URL including tilde}'
-            '%\n\\begin{footnote}[5]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            '\\sphinxnolinkurl{http://sphinx-doc.org/~test/}\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
-    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/}'
-            '{URL in term}\\sphinxfootnotemark[10]}%\n'
-            '\\begin{footnotetext}[10]'
-            '\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            '\\sphinxnolinkurl{http://sphinx-doc.org/}\n%\n'
-            '\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces \n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription') in result
-    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{Footnote in term \\sphinxfootnotemark[12]}%\n'
-            '\\begin{footnotetext}[12]'
-            '\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            'Footnote in term\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces '
-            '\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription') in result
-    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/}{Term in deflist}'
-            '\\sphinxfootnotemark[11]}%\n'
-            '\\begin{footnotetext}[11]'
-            '\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            '\\sphinxnolinkurl{http://sphinx-doc.org/}\n%\n'
-            '\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces \n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription') in result
-    assert ('\\sphinxurl{https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx}\n' in result)
-    assert ('\\sphinxhref{mailto:sphinx-dev@googlegroups.com}'
-            '{sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}dev@googlegroups.com}\n') in result
-    assert '\\begin{savenotes}\\begin{fulllineitems}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'latex', testroot='footnotes',
-    confoverrides={'latex_show_urls': 'no'})
-def test_latex_show_urls_is_no(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert ('Same footnote number %\n'
-            '\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            'footnote in bar\n%\n\\end{footnote} in bar.rst') in result
-    assert ('Auto footnote number %\n\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            'footnote in baz\n%\n\\end{footnote} in baz.rst') in result
-    assert ('\\phantomsection\\label{\\detokenize{index:id38}}'
-            '{\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:the-section-with-a-reference-to-authoryear}]'
-            '{\\sphinxcrossref{The section with a reference '
-            'to \\sphinxcite{index:authoryear}}}}') in result
-    assert ('\\phantomsection\\label{\\detokenize{index:id39}}'
-            '{\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:the-section-with-a-reference-to}]'
-            '{\\sphinxcrossref{The section with a reference to }}}' in result)
-    assert ('First footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[2]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            'First\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
-    assert ('Second footnote: %\n'
-            '\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            'Second\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
-    assert '\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/}{Sphinx}' in result
-    assert ('Third footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[3]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            'Third \\sphinxfootnotemark[4]\n%\n\\end{footnote}%\n'
-            '\\begin{footnotetext}[4]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            'Footnote inside footnote\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces') in result
-    assert ('Fourth footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[5]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            'Fourth\n%\n\\end{footnote}\n') in result
-    assert '\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/~test/}{URL including tilde}' in result
-    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/}{URL in term}}\n'
-            '\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription') in result
-    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{Footnote in term \\sphinxfootnotemark[7]}%\n'
-            '\\begin{footnotetext}[7]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            'Footnote in term\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces '
-            '\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription') in result
-    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/}{Term in deflist}}'
-            '\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription') in result
-    assert ('\\sphinxurl{https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx}\n' in result)
-    assert ('\\sphinxhref{mailto:sphinx-dev@googlegroups.com}'
-            '{sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}dev@googlegroups.com}\n') in result
-    assert '\\begin{savenotes}\\begin{fulllineitems}' not in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'latex', testroot='footnotes',
-    confoverrides={'latex_show_urls': 'footnote',
-                   'rst_prolog': '.. |URL| replace:: `text <http://www.example.com/>`__'})
-def test_latex_show_urls_footnote_and_substitutions(app, status, warning):
-    # hyperlinks in substitutions should not effect to make footnotes (refs: #4784)
-    test_latex_show_urls_is_footnote(app, status, warning)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='image-in-section')
-def test_image_in_section(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert ('\\chapter[Test section]{\\lowercase{\\sphinxincludegraphics'
-            '[width=15bp,height=15bp]}{{pic}.png} Test section}'
-            in result)
-    assert ('\\chapter[Other {[}blah{]} section]{Other {[}blah{]} '
-            '\\lowercase{\\sphinxincludegraphics[width=15bp,height=15bp]}'
-            '{{pic}.png} section}' in result)
-    assert ('\\chapter{Another section}' in result)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic',
-                    confoverrides={'latex_logo': 'notfound.jpg'})
-def test_latex_logo_if_not_found(app, status, warning):
-    with pytest.raises(SphinxError):
-        app.builder.build_all()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='toctree-maxdepth')
-def test_toctree_maxdepth_manual(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert '\\setcounter{tocdepth}{1}' in result
-    assert '\\setcounter{secnumdepth}' not in result
-    assert '\\chapter{Foo}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'latex', testroot='toctree-maxdepth',
-    confoverrides={'latex_documents': [
-        ('index', 'python.tex', 'Sphinx Tests Documentation',
-         'Georg Brandl', 'howto'),
-    ]})
-def test_toctree_maxdepth_howto(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert '\\setcounter{tocdepth}{2}' in result
-    assert '\\setcounter{secnumdepth}' not in result
-    assert '\\section{Foo}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'latex', testroot='toctree-maxdepth',
-    confoverrides={'root_doc': 'foo'})
-def test_toctree_not_found(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert '\\setcounter{tocdepth}' not in result
-    assert '\\setcounter{secnumdepth}' not in result
-    assert '\\chapter{Foo A}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'latex', testroot='toctree-maxdepth',
-    confoverrides={'root_doc': 'bar'})
-def test_toctree_without_maxdepth(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert '\\setcounter{tocdepth}' not in result
-    assert '\\setcounter{secnumdepth}' not in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'latex', testroot='toctree-maxdepth',
-    confoverrides={'root_doc': 'qux'})
-def test_toctree_with_deeper_maxdepth(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert '\\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}' in result
-    assert '\\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'latex', testroot='toctree-maxdepth',
-    confoverrides={'latex_toplevel_sectioning': None})
-def test_latex_toplevel_sectioning_is_None(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert '\\chapter{Foo}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'latex', testroot='toctree-maxdepth',
-    confoverrides={'latex_toplevel_sectioning': 'part'})
-def test_latex_toplevel_sectioning_is_part(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert '\\part{Foo}' in result
-    assert '\\chapter{Foo A}' in result
-    assert '\\chapter{Foo B}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'latex', testroot='toctree-maxdepth',
-    confoverrides={'latex_toplevel_sectioning': 'part',
-                   'latex_documents': [
-                       ('index', 'python.tex', 'Sphinx Tests Documentation',
-                        'Georg Brandl', 'howto'),
-                   ]})
-def test_latex_toplevel_sectioning_is_part_with_howto(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert '\\part{Foo}' in result
-    assert '\\section{Foo A}' in result
-    assert '\\section{Foo B}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'latex', testroot='toctree-maxdepth',
-    confoverrides={'latex_toplevel_sectioning': 'chapter'})
-def test_latex_toplevel_sectioning_is_chapter(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert '\\chapter{Foo}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'latex', testroot='toctree-maxdepth',
-    confoverrides={'latex_toplevel_sectioning': 'chapter',
-                   'latex_documents': [
-                       ('index', 'python.tex', 'Sphinx Tests Documentation',
-                        'Georg Brandl', 'howto'),
-                   ]})
-def test_latex_toplevel_sectioning_is_chapter_with_howto(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert '\\section{Foo}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'latex', testroot='toctree-maxdepth',
-    confoverrides={'latex_toplevel_sectioning': 'section'})
-def test_latex_toplevel_sectioning_is_section(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert '\\section{Foo}' in result
-
-
-@skip_if_stylefiles_notfound
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='maxlistdepth')
-def test_maxlistdepth_at_ten(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    compile_latex_document(app, 'python.tex')
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-table',
-                    confoverrides={'latex_table_style': []})
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='latex-table')
-def test_latex_table_tabulars(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    tables = {}
-    for chap in re.split(r'\\(?:section|chapter){', result)[1:]:
-        sectname, content = chap.split('}', 1)
-        content = re.sub(r'\\sphinxstepscope', '', content)  # filter a separator
-        tables[sectname] = content.strip()
-
-    def get_expected(name):
-        return (app.srcdir / 'expects' / (name + '.tex')).read_text(encoding='utf8').strip()
-
-    # simple_table
-    actual = tables['simple table']
-    expected = get_expected('simple_table')
-    assert actual == expected
-
-    # table having :widths: option
-    actual = tables['table having :widths: option']
-    expected = get_expected('table_having_widths')
-    assert actual == expected
-
-    # table having :align: option (tabulary)
-    actual = tables['table having :align: option (tabulary)']
-    expected = get_expected('tabulary_having_widths')
-    assert actual == expected
-
-    # table having :align: option (tabular)
-    actual = tables['table having :align: option (tabular)']
-    expected = get_expected('tabular_having_widths')
-    assert actual == expected
-
-    # table with tabularcolumn
-    actual = tables['table with tabularcolumn']
-    expected = get_expected('tabularcolumn')
-    assert actual == expected
-
-    # table with cell in first column having three paragraphs
-    actual = tables['table with cell in first column having three paragraphs']
-    expected = get_expected('table_having_threeparagraphs_cell_in_first_col')
-    assert actual == expected
-
-    # table having caption
-    actual = tables['table having caption']
-    expected = get_expected('table_having_caption')
-    assert actual == expected
-
-    # table having verbatim
-    actual = tables['table having verbatim']
-    expected = get_expected('table_having_verbatim')
-    assert actual == expected
-
-    # table having problematic cell
-    actual = tables['table having problematic cell']
-    expected = get_expected('table_having_problematic_cell')
-    assert actual == expected
-
-    # table having both :widths: and problematic cell
-    actual = tables['table having both :widths: and problematic cell']
-    expected = get_expected('table_having_widths_and_problematic_cell')
-    assert actual == expected
-
-    # table having both stub columns and problematic cell
-    actual = tables['table having both stub columns and problematic cell']
-    expected = get_expected('table_having_stub_columns_and_problematic_cell')
-    assert actual == expected
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-table',
-                    confoverrides={'latex_table_style': []})
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='latex-table')
-def test_latex_table_longtable(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    tables = {}
-    for chap in re.split(r'\\(?:section|chapter){', result)[1:]:
-        sectname, content = chap.split('}', 1)
-        content = re.sub(r'\\sphinxstepscope', '', content)  # filter a separator
-        tables[sectname] = content.strip()
-
-    def get_expected(name):
-        return (app.srcdir / 'expects' / (name + '.tex')).read_text(encoding='utf8').strip()
-
-    # longtable
-    actual = tables['longtable']
-    expected = get_expected('longtable')
-    assert actual == expected
-
-    # longtable having :widths: option
-    actual = tables['longtable having :widths: option']
-    expected = get_expected('longtable_having_widths')
-    assert actual == expected
-
-    # longtable having :align: option
-    actual = tables['longtable having :align: option']
-    expected = get_expected('longtable_having_align')
-    assert actual == expected
-
-    # longtable with tabularcolumn
-    actual = tables['longtable with tabularcolumn']
-    expected = get_expected('longtable_with_tabularcolumn')
-    assert actual == expected
-
-    # longtable having caption
-    actual = tables['longtable having caption']
-    expected = get_expected('longtable_having_caption')
-    assert actual == expected
-
-    # longtable having verbatim
-    actual = tables['longtable having verbatim']
-    expected = get_expected('longtable_having_verbatim')
-    assert actual == expected
-
-    # longtable having problematic cell
-    actual = tables['longtable having problematic cell']
-    expected = get_expected('longtable_having_problematic_cell')
-    assert actual == expected
-
-    # longtable having both :widths: and problematic cell
-    actual = tables['longtable having both :widths: and problematic cell']
-    expected = get_expected('longtable_having_widths_and_problematic_cell')
-    assert actual == expected
-
-    # longtable having both stub columns and problematic cell
-    actual = tables['longtable having both stub columns and problematic cell']
-    expected = get_expected('longtable_having_stub_columns_and_problematic_cell')
-    assert actual == expected
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-table',
-                    confoverrides={'latex_table_style': []})
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='latex-table')
-def test_latex_table_complex_tables(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    tables = {}
-    for chap in re.split(r'\\(?:section|renewcommand){', result)[1:]:
-        sectname, content = chap.split('}', 1)
-        tables[sectname] = content.strip()
-
-    def get_expected(name):
-        return (app.srcdir / 'expects' / (name + '.tex')).read_text(encoding='utf8').strip()
-
-    # grid table
-    actual = tables['grid table']
-    expected = get_expected('gridtable')
-    assert actual == expected
-
-    # grid table with tabularcolumns
-    # MEMO: filename should end with tabularcolumns but tabularcolumn has been
-    #       used in existing other cases
-    actual = tables['grid table with tabularcolumns having no vline']
-    expected = get_expected('gridtable_with_tabularcolumn')
-    assert actual == expected
-
-    # complex spanning cell
-    actual = tables['complex spanning cell']
-    expected = get_expected('complex_spanning_cell')
-    assert actual == expected
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-table')
-def test_latex_table_with_booktabs_and_colorrows(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert r'\PassOptionsToPackage{booktabs}{sphinx}' in result
-    assert r'\PassOptionsToPackage{colorrows}{sphinx}' in result
-    # tabularcolumns
-    assert r'\begin{longtable}{|c|c|}' in result
-    # class: standard
-    assert r'\begin{tabulary}{\linewidth}[t]{|T|T|T|T|T|}' in result
-    assert r'\begin{longtable}{ll}' in result
-    assert r'\begin{tabular}[t]{*{2}{\X{1}{2}}}' in result
-    assert r'\begin{tabular}[t]{\X{30}{100}\X{70}{100}}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-table',
-                    confoverrides={'templates_path': ['_mytemplates/latex']})
-def test_latex_table_custom_template_caseA(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert 'SALUT LES COPAINS' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-table',
-                    confoverrides={'templates_path': ['_mytemplates']})
-def test_latex_table_custom_template_caseB(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert 'SALUT LES COPAINS' not in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-table')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='latex-table')
-def test_latex_table_custom_template_caseC(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert 'SALUT LES COPAINS' not in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='directives-raw')
-def test_latex_raw_directive(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    # standard case
-    assert 'standalone raw directive (HTML)' not in result
-    assert ('\\label{\\detokenize{index:id1}}\n'
-            'standalone raw directive (LaTeX)' in result)
-
-    # with substitution
-    assert 'HTML: abc  ghi' in result
-    assert 'LaTeX: abc def ghi' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='images')
-def test_latex_images(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    # images are copied
-    assert '\\sphinxincludegraphics{{python-logo}.png}' in result
-    assert (app.outdir / 'python-logo.png').exists()
-
-    # not found images
-    assert '\\sphinxincludegraphics{{NOT_EXIST}.PNG}' not in result
-    assert ('WARNING: Could not fetch remote image: '
-            'https://www.google.com/NOT_EXIST.PNG [404]' in warning.getvalue())
-
-    # an image having target
-    assert ('\\sphinxhref{https://www.sphinx-doc.org/}'
-            '{\\sphinxincludegraphics{{rimg}.png}}\n\n' in result)
-
-    # a centerized image having target
-    assert ('\\sphinxhref{https://www.python.org/}{{\\hspace*{\\fill}'
-            '\\sphinxincludegraphics{{rimg}.png}\\hspace*{\\fill}}}\n\n' in result)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-index')
-def test_latex_index(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('A \\index{famous@\\spxentry{famous}}famous '
-            '\\index{equation@\\spxentry{equation}}equation:\n' in result)
-    assert ('\n\\index{Einstein@\\spxentry{Einstein}}'
-            '\\index{relativity@\\spxentry{relativity}}'
-            '\\ignorespaces \n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nand') in result
-    assert ('\n\\index{main \\sphinxleftcurlybrace{}@\\spxentry{'
-            'main \\sphinxleftcurlybrace{}}}\\ignorespaces ' in result)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-equations')
-def test_latex_equations(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    expected = (app.srcdir / 'expects' / 'latex-equations.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8').strip()
-
-    assert expected in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='image-in-parsed-literal')
-def test_latex_image_in_parsed_literal(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('{\\sphinxunactivateextrasandspace \\raisebox{-0.5\\height}'
-            '{\\sphinxincludegraphics[height=2.00000cm]{{pic}.png}}'
-            '}AFTER') in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='nested-enumerated-list')
-def test_latex_nested_enumerated_list(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('\\sphinxsetlistlabels{\\arabic}{enumi}{enumii}{}{.}%\n'
-            '\\setcounter{enumi}{4}\n' in result)
-    assert ('\\sphinxsetlistlabels{\\alph}{enumii}{enumiii}{}{.}%\n'
-            '\\setcounter{enumii}{3}\n' in result)
-    assert ('\\sphinxsetlistlabels{\\arabic}{enumiii}{enumiv}{}{)}%\n'
-            '\\setcounter{enumiii}{9}\n' in result)
-    assert ('\\sphinxsetlistlabels{\\arabic}{enumiv}{enumv}{(}{)}%\n'
-            '\\setcounter{enumiv}{23}\n' in result)
-    assert ('\\sphinxsetlistlabels{\\roman}{enumii}{enumiii}{}{.}%\n'
-            '\\setcounter{enumii}{2}\n' in result)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='footnotes')
-def test_latex_thebibliography(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    assert ('\\begin{sphinxthebibliography}{AuthorYe}\n'
-            '\\bibitem[AuthorYear]{index:authoryear}\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
-            'Author, Title, Year\n'
-            '\\end{sphinxthebibliography}\n' in result)
-    assert '\\sphinxcite{index:authoryear}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='glossary')
-def test_latex_glossary(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert (r'\sphinxlineitem{ähnlich\index{ähnlich@\spxentry{ähnlich}|spxpagem}'
-            r'\phantomsection'
-            r'\label{\detokenize{index:term-ahnlich}}}' in result)
-    assert (r'\sphinxlineitem{boson\index{boson@\spxentry{boson}|spxpagem}\phantomsection'
-            r'\label{\detokenize{index:term-boson}}}' in result)
-    assert (r'\sphinxlineitem{\sphinxstyleemphasis{fermion}'
-            r'\index{fermion@\spxentry{fermion}|spxpagem}'
-            r'\phantomsection'
-            r'\label{\detokenize{index:term-fermion}}}' in result)
-    assert (r'\sphinxlineitem{tauon\index{tauon@\spxentry{tauon}|spxpagem}\phantomsection'
-            r'\label{\detokenize{index:term-tauon}}}'
-            r'\sphinxlineitem{myon\index{myon@\spxentry{myon}|spxpagem}\phantomsection'
-            r'\label{\detokenize{index:term-myon}}}'
-            r'\sphinxlineitem{electron\index{electron@\spxentry{electron}|spxpagem}\phantomsection'
-            r'\label{\detokenize{index:term-electron}}}' in result)
-    assert (r'\sphinxlineitem{über\index{über@\spxentry{über}|spxpagem}\phantomsection'
-            r'\label{\detokenize{index:term-uber}}}' in result)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-labels')
-def test_latex_labels(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    # figures
-    assert (r'\caption{labeled figure}'
-            r'\label{\detokenize{index:id1}}'
-            r'\label{\detokenize{index:figure2}}'
-            r'\label{\detokenize{index:figure1}}'
-            r'\end{figure}' in result)
-    assert (r'\caption{labeled figure}'
-            '\\label{\\detokenize{index:figure3}}\n'
-            '\\begin{sphinxlegend}\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
-            'with a legend\n\\end{sphinxlegend}\n'
-            r'\end{figure}' in result)
-
-    # code-blocks
-    assert (r'\def\sphinxLiteralBlockLabel{'
-            r'\label{\detokenize{index:codeblock2}}'
-            r'\label{\detokenize{index:codeblock1}}}' in result)
-    assert (r'\def\sphinxLiteralBlockLabel{'
-            r'\label{\detokenize{index:codeblock3}}}' in result)
-
-    # tables
-    assert (r'\sphinxcaption{table caption}'
-            r'\label{\detokenize{index:id2}}'
-            r'\label{\detokenize{index:table2}}'
-            r'\label{\detokenize{index:table1}}' in result)
-    assert (r'\sphinxcaption{table caption}'
-            r'\label{\detokenize{index:table3}}' in result)
-
-    # sections
-    assert ('\\chapter{subsection}\n'
-            r'\label{\detokenize{index:subsection}}'
-            r'\label{\detokenize{index:section2}}'
-            r'\label{\detokenize{index:section1}}' in result)
-    assert ('\\section{subsubsection}\n'
-            r'\label{\detokenize{index:subsubsection}}'
-            r'\label{\detokenize{index:section3}}' in result)
-    assert ('\\subsection{otherdoc}\n'
-            r'\label{\detokenize{otherdoc:otherdoc}}'
-            r'\label{\detokenize{otherdoc::doc}}' in result)
-
-    # Embedded standalone hyperlink reference (refs: #5948)
-    assert result.count(r'\label{\detokenize{index:section1}}') == 1
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-figure-in-admonition')
-def test_latex_figure_in_admonition(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert r'\begin{figure}[H]' in result
-
-
-def test_default_latex_documents():
-    from sphinx.util import texescape
-    texescape.init()
-    config = Config({'root_doc': 'index',
-                     'project': 'STASI™ Documentation',
-                     'author': "Wolfgang Schäuble & G'Beckstein."})
-    config.init_values()
-    config.add('latex_engine', None, True, None)
-    config.add('latex_theme', 'manual', True, None)
-    expected = [('index', 'stasi.tex', 'STASI™ Documentation',
-                 r"Wolfgang Schäuble \& G\textquotesingle{}Beckstein.\@{}", 'manual')]
-    assert default_latex_documents(config) == expected
-
-
-@skip_if_requested
-@skip_if_stylefiles_notfound
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-includegraphics')
-def test_includegraphics_oversized(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    compile_latex_document(app)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='index_on_title')
-def test_index_on_title(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('\\chapter{Test for index in top level title}\n'
-            '\\label{\\detokenize{contents:test-for-index-in-top-level-title}}'
-            '\\index{index@\\spxentry{index}}\n'
-            in result)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-unicode',
-                    confoverrides={'latex_engine': 'pdflatex'})
-def test_texescape_for_non_unicode_supported_engine(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    assert 'script small e: e' in result
-    assert 'double struck italic small i: i' in result
-    assert r'superscript: \(\sp{\text{0}}\), \(\sp{\text{1}}\)' in result
-    assert r'subscript: \(\sb{\text{0}}\), \(\sb{\text{1}}\)' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-unicode',
-                    confoverrides={'latex_engine': 'xelatex'})
-def test_texescape_for_unicode_supported_engine(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(result)
-    assert 'script small e: e' in result
-    assert 'double struck italic small i: i' in result
-    assert 'superscript: ⁰, ¹' in result
-    assert 'subscript: ₀, ₁' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic',
-                    confoverrides={'latex_elements': {'extrapackages': r'\usepackage{foo}'}})
-def test_latex_elements_extrapackages(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'test.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert r'\usepackage{foo}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='nested-tables')
-def test_latex_nested_tables(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    assert warning.getvalue() == ''
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-container')
-def test_latex_container(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert r'\begin{sphinxuseclass}{classname}' in result
-    assert r'\end{sphinxuseclass}' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='reST-code-role')
-def test_latex_code_role(app):
-    app.build()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    common_content = (
-        r'\PYG{k}{def} '
-        r'\PYG{n+nf}{foo}'
-        r'\PYG{p}{(}'
-        r'\PYG{l+m+mi}{1} '
-        r'\PYG{o}{+} '
-        r'\PYG{l+m+mi}{2} '
-        r'\PYG{o}{+} '
-        r'\PYG{k+kc}{None} '
-        r'\PYG{o}{+} '
-        r'\PYG{l+s+s2}{\PYGZdq{}}'
-        r'\PYG{l+s+s2}{abc}'
-        r'\PYG{l+s+s2}{\PYGZdq{}}'
-        r'\PYG{p}{)}'
-        r'\PYG{p}{:} '
-        r'\PYG{k}{pass}')
-    assert (r'Inline \sphinxcode{\sphinxupquote{%' + '\n' +
-            common_content + '%\n}} code block') in content
-    assert (r'\begin{sphinxVerbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]' +
-            '\n' + common_content + '\n' + r'\end{sphinxVerbatim}') in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='images')
-def test_copy_images(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-
-    test_dir = Path(app.outdir)
-    images = {
-        image.name for image in test_dir.rglob('*')
-        if image.suffix in {'.gif', '.pdf', '.png', '.svg'}
-    }
-    images.discard('python-logo.png')
-    assert images == {
-        'img.pdf',
-        'rimg.png',
-        'testimäge.png',
-    }
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-labels-before-module')
-def test_duplicated_labels_before_module(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-    content: str = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    def count_label(name):
-        text = r'\phantomsection\label{\detokenize{%s}}' % name
-        return content.count(text)
-
-    pattern = r'\\phantomsection\\label\{\\detokenize\{index:label-(?:auto-)?\d+[a-z]*}}'
-    # labels found in the TeX output
-    output_labels = frozenset(match.group() for match in re.finditer(pattern, content))
-    # labels that have been tested and occurring exactly once in the output
-    tested_labels = set()
-
-    # iterate over the (explicit) labels in the corresponding index.rst
-    for rst_label_name in [
-        'label_1a', 'label_1b', 'label_2', 'label_3',
-        'label_auto_1a', 'label_auto_1b', 'label_auto_2', 'label_auto_3',
-    ]:
-        tex_label_name = 'index:' + rst_label_name.replace('_', '-')
-        tex_label_code = r'\phantomsection\label{\detokenize{%s}}' % tex_label_name
-        assert content.count(tex_label_code) == 1, f'duplicated label: {tex_label_name!r}'
-        tested_labels.add(tex_label_code)
-
-    # ensure that we did not forget any label to check
-    # and if so, report them nicely in case of failure
-    assert sorted(tested_labels) == sorted(output_labels)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='domain-py-python_maximum_signature_line_length',
-                    confoverrides={'python_maximum_signature_line_length': 23})
-def test_one_parameter_per_line(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    # TODO: should these asserts check presence or absence of a final \sphinxparamcomma?
-    # signature of 23 characters is too short to trigger one-param-per-line mark-up
-    assert ('\\pysiglinewithargsret{\\sphinxbfcode{\\sphinxupquote{hello}}}' in result)
-
-    assert ('\\pysigwithonelineperarg{\\sphinxbfcode{\\sphinxupquote{foo}}}' in result)
diff --git a/tests/test_build_linkcheck.py b/tests/test_build_linkcheck.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 38a0bd1..0000000
--- a/tests/test_build_linkcheck.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,989 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the build process with manpage builder with the test root."""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import http.server
-import json
-import re
-import sys
-import textwrap
-import time
-import wsgiref.handlers
-from base64 import b64encode
-from os import path
-from queue import Queue
-from unittest import mock
-
-import pytest
-from urllib3.poolmanager import PoolManager
-
-import sphinx.util.http_date
-from sphinx.builders.linkcheck import (
-    CheckRequest,
-    Hyperlink,
-    HyperlinkAvailabilityCheckWorker,
-    RateLimit,
-)
-from sphinx.testing.util import strip_escseq
-from sphinx.util import requests
-from sphinx.util.console import strip_colors
-
-from .utils import CERT_FILE, http_server, https_server
-
-ts_re = re.compile(r".*\[(?P<ts>.*)\].*")
-SPHINX_DOCS_INDEX = path.abspath(path.join(__file__, "..", "roots", "test-linkcheck", "sphinx-docs-index.html"))
-
-
-class DefaultsHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
-    protocol_version = "HTTP/1.1"
-
-    def do_HEAD(self):
-        if self.path[1:].rstrip() in {"", "anchor.html"}:
-            self.send_response(200, "OK")
-            self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
-            self.end_headers()
-        else:
-            self.send_response(404, "Not Found")
-            self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
-            self.end_headers()
-
-    def do_GET(self):
-        if self.path[1:].rstrip() == "":
-            content = b"ok\n\n"
-        elif self.path[1:].rstrip() == "anchor.html":
-            doc = '<!DOCTYPE html><html><body><a id="found"></a></body></html>'
-            content = doc.encode("utf-8")
-        else:
-            content = b""
-
-        if content:
-            self.send_response(200, "OK")
-            self.send_header("Content-Length", str(len(content)))
-            self.end_headers()
-            self.wfile.write(content)
-        else:
-            self.send_response(404, "Not Found")
-            self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
-            self.end_headers()
-
-
-class ConnectionMeasurement:
-    """Measure the number of distinct host connections created during linkchecking"""
-
-    def __init__(self):
-        self.connections = set()
-        self.urllib3_connection_from_url = PoolManager.connection_from_url
-        self.patcher = mock.patch.object(
-            target=PoolManager,
-            attribute='connection_from_url',
-            new=self._collect_connections(),
-        )
-
-    def _collect_connections(self):
-        def connection_collector(obj, url):
-            connection = self.urllib3_connection_from_url(obj, url)
-            self.connections.add(connection)
-            return connection
-        return connection_collector
-
-    def __enter__(self):
-        self.patcher.start()
-        return self
-
-    def __exit__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        for connection in self.connections:
-            connection.close()
-        self.patcher.stop()
-
-    @property
-    def connection_count(self):
-        return len(self.connections)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck', freshenv=True)
-def test_defaults(app):
-    with http_server(DefaultsHandler):
-        with ConnectionMeasurement() as m:
-            app.build()
-        assert m.connection_count <= 5
-
-    # Text output
-    assert (app.outdir / 'output.txt').exists()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'output.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    # looking for '#top' and '#does-not-exist' not found should fail
-    assert "Anchor 'top' not found" in content
-    assert "Anchor 'does-not-exist' not found" in content
-    # images should fail
-    assert "Not Found for url: http://localhost:7777/image.png" in content
-    assert "Not Found for url: http://localhost:7777/image2.png" in content
-    # looking for local file should fail
-    assert "[broken] path/to/notfound" in content
-    assert len(content.splitlines()) == 5
-
-    # JSON output
-    assert (app.outdir / 'output.json').exists()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'output.json').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    rows = [json.loads(x) for x in content.splitlines()]
-    row = rows[0]
-    for attr in ("filename", "lineno", "status", "code", "uri", "info"):
-        assert attr in row
-
-    assert len(content.splitlines()) == 10
-    assert len(rows) == 10
-    # the output order of the rows is not stable
-    # due to possible variance in network latency
-    rowsby = {row["uri"]: row for row in rows}
-    assert rowsby["http://localhost:7777#!bar"] == {
-        'filename': 'links.rst',
-        'lineno': 5,
-        'status': 'working',
-        'code': 0,
-        'uri': 'http://localhost:7777#!bar',
-        'info': '',
-    }
-    assert rowsby['http://localhost:7777/image2.png'] == {
-        'filename': 'links.rst',
-        'lineno': 13,
-        'status': 'broken',
-        'code': 0,
-        'uri': 'http://localhost:7777/image2.png',
-        'info': '404 Client Error: Not Found for url: http://localhost:7777/image2.png',
-    }
-    # looking for '#top' and '#does-not-exist' not found should fail
-    assert rowsby["http://localhost:7777/#top"]["info"] == "Anchor 'top' not found"
-    assert rowsby["http://localhost:7777/#top"]["status"] == "broken"
-    assert rowsby["http://localhost:7777#does-not-exist"]["info"] == "Anchor 'does-not-exist' not found"
-    # images should fail
-    assert "Not Found for url: http://localhost:7777/image.png" in rowsby["http://localhost:7777/image.png"]["info"]
-    # anchor should be found
-    assert rowsby['http://localhost:7777/anchor.html#found'] == {
-        'filename': 'links.rst',
-        'lineno': 14,
-        'status': 'working',
-        'code': 0,
-        'uri': 'http://localhost:7777/anchor.html#found',
-        'info': '',
-    }
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck', freshenv=True,
-    confoverrides={'linkcheck_anchors': False})
-def test_check_link_response_only(app):
-    with http_server(DefaultsHandler):
-        app.build()
-
-    # JSON output
-    assert (app.outdir / 'output.json').exists()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'output.json').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    rows = [json.loads(x) for x in content.splitlines()]
-    rowsby = {row["uri"]: row for row in rows}
-    assert rowsby["http://localhost:7777/#top"]["status"] == "working"
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-too-many-retries', freshenv=True)
-def test_too_many_retries(app):
-    with http_server(DefaultsHandler):
-        app.build()
-
-    # Text output
-    assert (app.outdir / 'output.txt').exists()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'output.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    # looking for non-existent URL should fail
-    assert " Max retries exceeded with url: /doesnotexist" in content
-
-    # JSON output
-    assert (app.outdir / 'output.json').exists()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'output.json').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    assert len(content.splitlines()) == 1
-    row = json.loads(content)
-    # the output order of the rows is not stable
-    # due to possible variance in network latency
-
-    # looking for non-existent URL should fail
-    assert row['filename'] == 'index.rst'
-    assert row['lineno'] == 1
-    assert row['status'] == 'broken'
-    assert row['code'] == 0
-    assert row['uri'] == 'https://localhost:7777/doesnotexist'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-raw-node', freshenv=True)
-def test_raw_node(app):
-    with http_server(OKHandler):
-        app.build()
-
-    # JSON output
-    assert (app.outdir / 'output.json').exists()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'output.json').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    assert len(content.splitlines()) == 1
-    row = json.loads(content)
-
-    # raw nodes' url should be checked too
-    assert row == {
-        'filename': 'index.rst',
-        'lineno': 1,
-        'status': 'working',
-        'code': 0,
-        'uri': 'http://localhost:7777/',
-        'info': '',
-    }
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-anchors-ignore', freshenv=True,
-    confoverrides={'linkcheck_anchors_ignore': ["^!", "^top$"]})
-def test_anchors_ignored(app):
-    with http_server(OKHandler):
-        app.build()
-
-    assert (app.outdir / 'output.txt').exists()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'output.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    # expect all ok when excluding #top
-    assert not content
-
-
-class AnchorsIgnoreForUrlHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
-    def do_HEAD(self):
-        if self.path in {'/valid', '/ignored'}:
-            self.send_response(200, "OK")
-        else:
-            self.send_response(404, "Not Found")
-        self.end_headers()
-
-    def do_GET(self):
-        self.do_HEAD()
-        if self.path == '/valid':
-            self.wfile.write(b"<h1 id='valid-anchor'>valid anchor</h1>\n")
-        elif self.path == '/ignored':
-            self.wfile.write(b"no anchor but page exists\n")
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-anchors-ignore-for-url', freshenv=True,
-    confoverrides={'linkcheck_anchors_ignore_for_url': [
-        'http://localhost:7777/ignored',  # existing page
-        'http://localhost:7777/invalid',  # unknown page
-    ]})
-def test_anchors_ignored_for_url(app):
-    with http_server(AnchorsIgnoreForUrlHandler):
-        app.build()
-
-    assert (app.outdir / 'output.txt').exists()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'output.json').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    attrs = ('filename', 'lineno', 'status', 'code', 'uri', 'info')
-    data = [json.loads(x) for x in content.splitlines()]
-    assert len(data) == 7
-    assert all(all(attr in row for attr in attrs) for row in data)
-
-    # rows may be unsorted due to network latency or
-    # the order the threads are processing the links
-    rows = {r['uri']: {'status': r['status'], 'info': r['info']} for r in data}
-
-    assert rows['http://localhost:7777/valid']['status'] == 'working'
-    assert rows['http://localhost:7777/valid#valid-anchor']['status'] == 'working'
-    assert rows['http://localhost:7777/valid#invalid-anchor'] == {
-        'status': 'broken',
-        'info': "Anchor 'invalid-anchor' not found",
-    }
-
-    assert rows['http://localhost:7777/ignored']['status'] == 'working'
-    assert rows['http://localhost:7777/ignored#invalid-anchor']['status'] == 'working'
-
-    assert rows['http://localhost:7777/invalid'] == {
-        'status': 'broken',
-        'info': '404 Client Error: Not Found for url: http://localhost:7777/invalid',
-    }
-    assert rows['http://localhost:7777/invalid#anchor'] == {
-        'status': 'broken',
-        'info': '404 Client Error: Not Found for url: http://localhost:7777/invalid',
-    }
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver-anchor', freshenv=True)
-def test_raises_for_invalid_status(app):
-    class InternalServerErrorHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
-        protocol_version = "HTTP/1.1"
-
-        def do_GET(self):
-            self.send_error(500, "Internal Server Error")
-
-    with http_server(InternalServerErrorHandler):
-        app.build()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'output.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert content == (
-        "index.rst:1: [broken] http://localhost:7777/#anchor: "
-        "500 Server Error: Internal Server Error "
-        "for url: http://localhost:7777/\n"
-    )
-
-
-def custom_handler(valid_credentials=(), success_criteria=lambda _: True):
-    """
-    Returns an HTTP request handler that authenticates the client and then determines
-    an appropriate HTTP response code, based on caller-provided credentials and optional
-    success criteria, respectively.
-    """
-    expected_token = None
-    if valid_credentials:
-        assert len(valid_credentials) == 2, "expected a pair of strings as credentials"
-        expected_token = b64encode(":".join(valid_credentials).encode()).decode("utf-8")
-        del valid_credentials
-
-    class CustomHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
-        protocol_version = "HTTP/1.1"
-
-        def authenticated(method):
-            def method_if_authenticated(self):
-                if (expected_token is None
-                        or self.headers["Authorization"] == f"Basic {expected_token}"):
-                    return method(self)
-                else:
-                    self.send_response(403, "Forbidden")
-                    self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
-                    self.end_headers()
-
-            return method_if_authenticated
-
-        @authenticated
-        def do_HEAD(self):
-            self.do_GET()
-
-        @authenticated
-        def do_GET(self):
-            if success_criteria(self):
-                self.send_response(200, "OK")
-                self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
-            else:
-                self.send_response(400, "Bad Request")
-                self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
-            self.end_headers()
-
-    return CustomHandler
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True,
-    confoverrides={'linkcheck_auth': [
-        (r'^$', ('no', 'match')),
-        (r'^http://localhost:7777/$', ('user1', 'password')),
-        (r'.*local.*', ('user2', 'hunter2')),
-    ]})
-def test_auth_header_uses_first_match(app):
-    with http_server(custom_handler(valid_credentials=("user1", "password"))):
-        app.build()
-
-    with open(app.outdir / "output.json", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
-        content = json.load(fp)
-
-    assert content["status"] == "working"
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True,
-    confoverrides={'linkcheck_auth': [(r'^$', ('user1', 'password'))]})
-def test_auth_header_no_match(app):
-    with http_server(custom_handler(valid_credentials=("user1", "password"))):
-        app.build()
-
-    with open(app.outdir / "output.json", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
-        content = json.load(fp)
-
-    # TODO: should this test's webserver return HTTP 401 here?
-    # https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/11433
-    assert content["info"] == "403 Client Error: Forbidden for url: http://localhost:7777/"
-    assert content["status"] == "broken"
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True,
-    confoverrides={'linkcheck_request_headers': {
-        "http://localhost:7777/": {
-            "Accept": "text/html",
-        },
-        "*": {
-            "X-Secret": "open sesami",
-        },
-    }})
-def test_linkcheck_request_headers(app):
-    def check_headers(self):
-        if "X-Secret" in self.headers:
-            return False
-        if self.headers["Accept"] != "text/html":
-            return False
-        return True
-
-    with http_server(custom_handler(success_criteria=check_headers)):
-        app.build()
-
-    with open(app.outdir / "output.json", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
-        content = json.load(fp)
-
-    assert content["status"] == "working"
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True,
-    confoverrides={'linkcheck_request_headers': {
-        "http://localhost:7777": {"Accept": "application/json"},
-        "*": {"X-Secret": "open sesami"},
-    }})
-def test_linkcheck_request_headers_no_slash(app):
-    def check_headers(self):
-        if "X-Secret" in self.headers:
-            return False
-        if self.headers["Accept"] != "application/json":
-            return False
-        return True
-
-    with http_server(custom_handler(success_criteria=check_headers)):
-        app.build()
-
-    with open(app.outdir / "output.json", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
-        content = json.load(fp)
-
-    assert content["status"] == "working"
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True,
-    confoverrides={'linkcheck_request_headers': {
-        "http://do.not.match.org": {"Accept": "application/json"},
-        "*": {"X-Secret": "open sesami"},
-    }})
-def test_linkcheck_request_headers_default(app):
-    def check_headers(self):
-        if self.headers["X-Secret"] != "open sesami":
-            return False
-        if self.headers["Accept"] == "application/json":
-            return False
-        return True
-
-    with http_server(custom_handler(success_criteria=check_headers)):
-        app.build()
-
-    with open(app.outdir / "output.json", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
-        content = json.load(fp)
-
-    assert content["status"] == "working"
-
-
-def make_redirect_handler(*, support_head):
-    class RedirectOnceHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
-        protocol_version = "HTTP/1.1"
-
-        def do_HEAD(self):
-            if support_head:
-                self.do_GET()
-            else:
-                self.send_response(405, "Method Not Allowed")
-                self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
-                self.end_headers()
-
-        def do_GET(self):
-            if self.path == "/?redirected=1":
-                self.send_response(204, "No content")
-            else:
-                self.send_response(302, "Found")
-                self.send_header("Location", "http://localhost:7777/?redirected=1")
-            self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
-            self.end_headers()
-
-        def log_date_time_string(self):
-            """Strip date and time from logged messages for assertions."""
-            return ""
-
-    return RedirectOnceHandler
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True)
-def test_follows_redirects_on_HEAD(app, capsys, warning):
-    with http_server(make_redirect_handler(support_head=True)):
-        app.build()
-    stdout, stderr = capsys.readouterr()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'output.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert content == (
-        "index.rst:1: [redirected with Found] "
-        "http://localhost:7777/ to http://localhost:7777/?redirected=1\n"
-    )
-    assert stderr == textwrap.dedent(
-        """\
-        127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 302 -
-        127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD /?redirected=1 HTTP/1.1" 204 -
-        """,
-    )
-    assert warning.getvalue() == ''
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True)
-def test_follows_redirects_on_GET(app, capsys, warning):
-    with http_server(make_redirect_handler(support_head=False)):
-        app.build()
-    stdout, stderr = capsys.readouterr()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'output.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert content == (
-        "index.rst:1: [redirected with Found] "
-        "http://localhost:7777/ to http://localhost:7777/?redirected=1\n"
-    )
-    assert stderr == textwrap.dedent(
-        """\
-        127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 405 -
-        127.0.0.1 - - [] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 302 -
-        127.0.0.1 - - [] "GET /?redirected=1 HTTP/1.1" 204 -
-        """,
-    )
-    assert warning.getvalue() == ''
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver-warn-redirects',
-                    freshenv=True, confoverrides={
-                        'linkcheck_allowed_redirects': {'http://localhost:7777/.*1': '.*'},
-                    })
-def test_linkcheck_allowed_redirects(app, warning):
-    with http_server(make_redirect_handler(support_head=False)):
-        app.build()
-
-    with open(app.outdir / 'output.json', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
-        rows = [json.loads(l) for l in fp.readlines()]
-
-    assert len(rows) == 2
-    records = {row["uri"]: row for row in rows}
-    assert records["http://localhost:7777/path1"]["status"] == "working"
-    assert records["http://localhost:7777/path2"] == {
-        'filename': 'index.rst',
-        'lineno': 3,
-        'status': 'redirected',
-        'code': 302,
-        'uri': 'http://localhost:7777/path2',
-        'info': 'http://localhost:7777/?redirected=1',
-    }
-
-    assert ("index.rst:3: WARNING: redirect  http://localhost:7777/path2 - with Found to "
-            "http://localhost:7777/?redirected=1\n" in strip_escseq(warning.getvalue()))
-    assert len(warning.getvalue().splitlines()) == 1
-
-
-class OKHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
-    protocol_version = "HTTP/1.1"
-
-    def do_HEAD(self):
-        self.send_response(200, "OK")
-        self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
-        self.end_headers()
-
-    def do_GET(self):
-        content = b"ok\n"
-        self.send_response(200, "OK")
-        self.send_header("Content-Length", str(len(content)))
-        self.end_headers()
-        self.wfile.write(content)
-
-
-@mock.patch("sphinx.builders.linkcheck.requests.get", wraps=requests.get)
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver-https', freshenv=True)
-def test_invalid_ssl(get_request, app):
-    # Link indicates SSL should be used (https) but the server does not handle it.
-    with http_server(OKHandler):
-        app.build()
-        assert not get_request.called
-
-    with open(app.outdir / 'output.json', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
-        content = json.load(fp)
-    assert content["status"] == "broken"
-    assert content["filename"] == "index.rst"
-    assert content["lineno"] == 1
-    assert content["uri"] == "https://localhost:7777/"
-    assert "SSLError" in content["info"]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver-https', freshenv=True)
-def test_connect_to_selfsigned_fails(app):
-    with https_server(OKHandler):
-        app.build()
-
-    with open(app.outdir / 'output.json', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
-        content = json.load(fp)
-    assert content["status"] == "broken"
-    assert content["filename"] == "index.rst"
-    assert content["lineno"] == 1
-    assert content["uri"] == "https://localhost:7777/"
-    assert "[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED]" in content["info"]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver-https', freshenv=True)
-def test_connect_to_selfsigned_with_tls_verify_false(app):
-    app.config.tls_verify = False
-    with https_server(OKHandler):
-        app.build()
-
-    with open(app.outdir / 'output.json', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
-        content = json.load(fp)
-    assert content == {
-        "code": 0,
-        "status": "working",
-        "filename": "index.rst",
-        "lineno": 1,
-        "uri": "https://localhost:7777/",
-        "info": "",
-    }
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver-https', freshenv=True)
-def test_connect_to_selfsigned_with_tls_cacerts(app):
-    app.config.tls_cacerts = CERT_FILE
-    with https_server(OKHandler):
-        app.build()
-
-    with open(app.outdir / 'output.json', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
-        content = json.load(fp)
-    assert content == {
-        "code": 0,
-        "status": "working",
-        "filename": "index.rst",
-        "lineno": 1,
-        "uri": "https://localhost:7777/",
-        "info": "",
-    }
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver-https', freshenv=True)
-def test_connect_to_selfsigned_with_requests_env_var(monkeypatch, app):
-    monkeypatch.setenv("REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE", CERT_FILE)
-    with https_server(OKHandler):
-        app.build()
-
-    with open(app.outdir / 'output.json', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
-        content = json.load(fp)
-    assert content == {
-        "code": 0,
-        "status": "working",
-        "filename": "index.rst",
-        "lineno": 1,
-        "uri": "https://localhost:7777/",
-        "info": "",
-    }
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver-https', freshenv=True)
-def test_connect_to_selfsigned_nonexistent_cert_file(app):
-    app.config.tls_cacerts = "does/not/exist"
-    with https_server(OKHandler):
-        app.build()
-
-    with open(app.outdir / 'output.json', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
-        content = json.load(fp)
-    assert content == {
-        "code": 0,
-        "status": "broken",
-        "filename": "index.rst",
-        "lineno": 1,
-        "uri": "https://localhost:7777/",
-        "info": "Could not find a suitable TLS CA certificate bundle, invalid path: does/not/exist",
-    }
-
-
-class InfiniteRedirectOnHeadHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
-    protocol_version = "HTTP/1.1"
-
-    def do_HEAD(self):
-        self.send_response(302, "Found")
-        self.send_header("Location", "http://localhost:7777/")
-        self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
-        self.end_headers()
-
-    def do_GET(self):
-        content = b"ok\n"
-        self.send_response(200, "OK")
-        self.send_header("Content-Length", str(len(content)))
-        self.end_headers()
-        self.wfile.write(content)
-        self.close_connection = True  # we don't expect the client to read this response body
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True)
-def test_TooManyRedirects_on_HEAD(app, monkeypatch):
-    import requests.sessions
-
-    monkeypatch.setattr(requests.sessions, "DEFAULT_REDIRECT_LIMIT", 5)
-
-    with http_server(InfiniteRedirectOnHeadHandler):
-        app.build()
-
-    with open(app.outdir / 'output.json', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
-        content = json.load(fp)
-    assert content == {
-        "code": 0,
-        "status": "working",
-        "filename": "index.rst",
-        "lineno": 1,
-        "uri": "http://localhost:7777/",
-        "info": "",
-    }
-
-
-def make_retry_after_handler(responses):
-    class RetryAfterHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
-        protocol_version = "HTTP/1.1"
-
-        def do_HEAD(self):
-            status, retry_after = responses.pop(0)
-            self.send_response(status)
-            if retry_after:
-                self.send_header('Retry-After', retry_after)
-            self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
-            self.end_headers()
-
-        def log_date_time_string(self):
-            """Strip date and time from logged messages for assertions."""
-            return ""
-
-    return RetryAfterHandler
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True)
-def test_too_many_requests_retry_after_int_delay(app, capsys, status):
-    with http_server(make_retry_after_handler([(429, "0"), (200, None)])), \
-         mock.patch("sphinx.builders.linkcheck.DEFAULT_DELAY", 0), \
-         mock.patch("sphinx.builders.linkcheck.QUEUE_POLL_SECS", 0.01):
-        app.build()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'output.json').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert json.loads(content) == {
-        "filename": "index.rst",
-        "lineno": 1,
-        "status": "working",
-        "code": 0,
-        "uri": "http://localhost:7777/",
-        "info": "",
-    }
-    rate_limit_log = "-rate limited-   http://localhost:7777/ | sleeping...\n"
-    assert rate_limit_log in strip_colors(status.getvalue())
-    _stdout, stderr = capsys.readouterr()
-    assert stderr == textwrap.dedent(
-        """\
-        127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 429 -
-        127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
-        """,
-    )
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize('tz', [None, 'GMT', 'GMT+3', 'GMT-3'])
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True)
-def test_too_many_requests_retry_after_HTTP_date(tz, app, monkeypatch, capsys):
-    retry_after = wsgiref.handlers.format_date_time(time.time())
-
-    with monkeypatch.context() as m:
-        if tz is not None:
-            m.setenv('TZ', tz)
-            if sys.platform != "win32":
-                time.tzset()
-            m.setattr(sphinx.util.http_date, '_GMT_OFFSET',
-                      float(time.localtime().tm_gmtoff))
-
-        with http_server(make_retry_after_handler([(429, retry_after), (200, None)])):
-            app.build()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'output.json').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert json.loads(content) == {
-        "filename": "index.rst",
-        "lineno": 1,
-        "status": "working",
-        "code": 0,
-        "uri": "http://localhost:7777/",
-        "info": "",
-    }
-    _stdout, stderr = capsys.readouterr()
-    assert stderr == textwrap.dedent(
-        """\
-        127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 429 -
-        127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
-        """,
-    )
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True)
-def test_too_many_requests_retry_after_without_header(app, capsys):
-    with http_server(make_retry_after_handler([(429, None), (200, None)])), \
-         mock.patch("sphinx.builders.linkcheck.DEFAULT_DELAY", 0):
-        app.build()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'output.json').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert json.loads(content) == {
-        "filename": "index.rst",
-        "lineno": 1,
-        "status": "working",
-        "code": 0,
-        "uri": "http://localhost:7777/",
-        "info": "",
-    }
-    _stdout, stderr = capsys.readouterr()
-    assert stderr == textwrap.dedent(
-        """\
-        127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 429 -
-        127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
-        """,
-    )
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True)
-def test_too_many_requests_user_timeout(app):
-    app.config.linkcheck_rate_limit_timeout = 0.0
-    with http_server(make_retry_after_handler([(429, None)])):
-        app.build()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'output.json').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert json.loads(content) == {
-        "filename": "index.rst",
-        "lineno": 1,
-        "status": "broken",
-        "code": 0,
-        "uri": "http://localhost:7777/",
-        "info": "429 Client Error: Too Many Requests for url: http://localhost:7777/",
-    }
-
-
-class FakeResponse:
-    headers: dict[str, str] = {}
-    url = "http://localhost/"
-
-
-def test_limit_rate_default_sleep(app):
-    worker = HyperlinkAvailabilityCheckWorker(app.config, Queue(), Queue(), {})
-    with mock.patch('time.time', return_value=0.0):
-        next_check = worker.limit_rate(FakeResponse.url, FakeResponse.headers.get("Retry-After"))
-    assert next_check == 60.0
-
-
-def test_limit_rate_user_max_delay(app):
-    app.config.linkcheck_rate_limit_timeout = 0.0
-    worker = HyperlinkAvailabilityCheckWorker(app.config, Queue(), Queue(), {})
-    next_check = worker.limit_rate(FakeResponse.url, FakeResponse.headers.get("Retry-After"))
-    assert next_check is None
-
-
-def test_limit_rate_doubles_previous_wait_time(app):
-    rate_limits = {"localhost": RateLimit(60.0, 0.0)}
-    worker = HyperlinkAvailabilityCheckWorker(app.config, Queue(), Queue(), rate_limits)
-    with mock.patch('time.time', return_value=0.0):
-        next_check = worker.limit_rate(FakeResponse.url, FakeResponse.headers.get("Retry-After"))
-    assert next_check == 120.0
-
-
-def test_limit_rate_clips_wait_time_to_max_time(app):
-    app.config.linkcheck_rate_limit_timeout = 90.0
-    rate_limits = {"localhost": RateLimit(60.0, 0.0)}
-    worker = HyperlinkAvailabilityCheckWorker(app.config, Queue(), Queue(), rate_limits)
-    with mock.patch('time.time', return_value=0.0):
-        next_check = worker.limit_rate(FakeResponse.url, FakeResponse.headers.get("Retry-After"))
-    assert next_check == 90.0
-
-
-def test_limit_rate_bails_out_after_waiting_max_time(app):
-    app.config.linkcheck_rate_limit_timeout = 90.0
-    rate_limits = {"localhost": RateLimit(90.0, 0.0)}
-    worker = HyperlinkAvailabilityCheckWorker(app.config, Queue(), Queue(), rate_limits)
-    next_check = worker.limit_rate(FakeResponse.url, FakeResponse.headers.get("Retry-After"))
-    assert next_check is None
-
-
-@mock.patch('sphinx.util.requests.requests.Session.get_adapter')
-def test_connection_contention(get_adapter, app, capsys):
-    # Create a shared, but limited-size, connection pool
-    import requests
-    get_adapter.return_value = requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter(pool_maxsize=1)
-
-    # Set an upper-bound on socket timeouts globally
-    import socket
-    socket.setdefaulttimeout(5)
-
-    # Place a workload into the linkcheck queue
-    link_count = 10
-    rqueue, wqueue = Queue(), Queue()
-    for _ in range(link_count):
-        wqueue.put(CheckRequest(0, Hyperlink("http://localhost:7777", "test", "test.rst", 1)))
-
-    # Create parallel consumer threads
-    with http_server(make_redirect_handler(support_head=True)):
-        begin, checked = time.time(), []
-        threads = [
-            HyperlinkAvailabilityCheckWorker(
-                config=app.config,
-                rqueue=rqueue,
-                wqueue=wqueue,
-                rate_limits={},
-            )
-            for _ in range(10)
-        ]
-        for thread in threads:
-            thread.start()
-        while time.time() < begin + 5 and len(checked) < link_count:
-            checked.append(rqueue.get(timeout=5))
-        for thread in threads:
-            thread.join(timeout=0)
-
-    # Ensure that all items were consumed within the time limit
-    _, stderr = capsys.readouterr()
-    assert len(checked) == link_count
-    assert "TimeoutError" not in stderr
-
-
-class ConnectionResetHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
-    protocol_version = "HTTP/1.1"
-
-    def do_HEAD(self):
-        self.close_connection = True
-
-    def do_GET(self):
-        self.send_response(200, "OK")
-        self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
-        self.end_headers()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True)
-def test_get_after_head_raises_connection_error(app):
-    with http_server(ConnectionResetHandler):
-        app.build()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'output.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert not content
-    content = (app.outdir / 'output.json').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert json.loads(content) == {
-        "filename": "index.rst",
-        "lineno": 1,
-        "status": "working",
-        "code": 0,
-        "uri": "http://localhost:7777/",
-        "info": "",
-    }
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-documents_exclude', freshenv=True)
-def test_linkcheck_exclude_documents(app):
-    with http_server(DefaultsHandler):
-        app.build()
-
-    with open(app.outdir / 'output.json', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
-        content = [json.loads(record) for record in fp]
-
-    assert content == [
-        {
-            'filename': 'broken_link.rst',
-            'lineno': 4,
-            'status': 'ignored',
-            'code': 0,
-            'uri': 'https://www.sphinx-doc.org/this-is-a-broken-link',
-            'info': 'broken_link matched ^broken_link$ from linkcheck_exclude_documents',
-        },
-        {
-            'filename': 'br0ken_link.rst',
-            'lineno': 4,
-            'status': 'ignored',
-            'code': 0,
-            'uri': 'https://www.sphinx-doc.org/this-is-another-broken-link',
-            'info': 'br0ken_link matched br[0-9]ken_link from linkcheck_exclude_documents',
-        },
-    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_build_manpage.py b/tests/test_build_manpage.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e765644..0000000
--- a/tests/test_build_manpage.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the build process with manpage builder with the test root."""
-
-import docutils
-import pytest
-
-from sphinx.builders.manpage import default_man_pages
-from sphinx.config import Config
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('man')
-def test_all(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    assert (app.outdir / 'sphinxtests.1').exists()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'sphinxtests.1').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert r'\fBprint \fP\fIi\fP\fB\en\fP' in content
-    assert r'\fBmanpage\en\fP' in content
-
-    # heading (title + description)
-    assert r'sphinxtests \- Sphinx <Tests> 0.6alpha1' in content
-
-    # term of definition list including nodes.strong
-    assert '\n.B term1\n' in content
-    assert '\nterm2 (\\fBstronged partially\\fP)\n' in content
-
-    # test samp with braces
-    assert '\n\\fIvariable_only\\fP\n' in content
-    assert '\n\\fIvariable\\fP\\fB and text\\fP\n' in content
-    assert '\n\\fBShow \\fP\\fIvariable\\fP\\fB in the middle\\fP\n' in content
-
-    assert 'Footnotes' not in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('man', testroot='basic',
-                    confoverrides={'man_pages': [('index', 'title', None, [], 1)]})
-def test_man_pages_empty_description(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'title.1').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert r'title \-' not in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('man', testroot='basic',
-                    confoverrides={'man_make_section_directory': True})
-def test_man_make_section_directory(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-    assert (app.outdir / 'man1' / 'python.1').exists()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('man', testroot='directive-code')
-def test_captioned_code_block(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'python.1').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    if docutils.__version_info__[:2] < (0, 21):
-        expected = """\
-.sp
-caption \\fItest\\fP rb
-.INDENT 0.0
-.INDENT 3.5
-.sp
-.nf
-.ft C
-def ruby?
-    false
-end
-.ft P
-.fi
-.UNINDENT
-.UNINDENT
-"""
-    else:
-        expected = """\
-.sp
-caption \\fItest\\fP rb
-.INDENT 0.0
-.INDENT 3.5
-.sp
-.EX
-def ruby?
-    false
-end
-.EE
-.UNINDENT
-.UNINDENT
-"""
-
-    assert expected in content
-
-
-def test_default_man_pages():
-    config = Config({'project': 'STASI™ Documentation',
-                     'author': "Wolfgang Schäuble & G'Beckstein",
-                     'release': '1.0'})
-    config.init_values()
-    expected = [('index', 'stasi', 'STASI™ Documentation 1.0',
-                 ["Wolfgang Schäuble & G'Beckstein"], 1)]
-    assert default_man_pages(config) == expected
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('man', testroot='markup-rubric')
-def test_rubric(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'python.1').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert 'This is a rubric\n' in content
diff --git a/tests/test_build_texinfo.py b/tests/test_build_texinfo.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 9964382..0000000
--- a/tests/test_build_texinfo.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,155 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the build process with Texinfo builder with the test root."""
-
-import os
-import re
-import subprocess
-from pathlib import Path
-from subprocess import CalledProcessError
-from unittest.mock import Mock
-
-import pytest
-
-from sphinx.builders.texinfo import default_texinfo_documents
-from sphinx.config import Config
-from sphinx.testing.util import strip_escseq
-from sphinx.util.docutils import new_document
-from sphinx.writers.texinfo import TexinfoTranslator
-
-from .test_build_html import ENV_WARNINGS
-
-TEXINFO_WARNINGS = ENV_WARNINGS + """\
-%(root)s/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: unknown option: '&option'
-%(root)s/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: citation not found: missing
-%(root)s/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: a suitable image for texinfo builder not found: foo.\\*
-%(root)s/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: a suitable image for texinfo builder not found: \
-\\['application/pdf', 'image/svg\\+xml'\\] \\(svgimg.\\*\\)
-"""
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('texinfo', testroot='warnings', freshenv=True)
-def test_texinfo_warnings(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    warnings = strip_escseq(re.sub(re.escape(os.sep) + '{1,2}', '/', warning.getvalue()))
-    warnings_exp = TEXINFO_WARNINGS % {
-        'root': re.escape(app.srcdir.as_posix())}
-    assert re.match(warnings_exp + '$', warnings), \
-        "Warnings don't match:\n" + \
-        '--- Expected (regex):\n' + warnings_exp + \
-        '--- Got:\n' + warnings
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('texinfo')
-def test_texinfo(app, status, warning):
-    TexinfoTranslator.ignore_missing_images = True
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxtests.texi').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('@anchor{markup doc}@anchor{11}'
-            '@anchor{markup id1}@anchor{12}'
-            '@anchor{markup testing-various-markup}@anchor{13}' in result)
-    assert 'Footnotes' not in result
-    # now, try to run makeinfo over it
-    try:
-        args = ['makeinfo', '--no-split', 'sphinxtests.texi']
-        subprocess.run(args, capture_output=True, cwd=app.outdir, check=True)
-    except OSError as exc:
-        raise pytest.skip.Exception from exc  # most likely makeinfo was not found
-    except CalledProcessError as exc:
-        print(exc.stdout)
-        print(exc.stderr)
-        msg = f'makeinfo exited with return code {exc.retcode}'
-        raise AssertionError(msg) from exc
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('texinfo', testroot='markup-rubric')
-def test_texinfo_rubric(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-
-    output = (app.outdir / 'python.texi').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '@heading This is a rubric' in output
-    assert '@heading This is a multiline rubric' in output
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('texinfo', testroot='markup-citation')
-def test_texinfo_citation(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    output = (app.outdir / 'python.texi').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert 'This is a citation ref; @ref{1,,[CITE1]} and @ref{2,,[CITE2]}.' in output
-    assert ('@anchor{index cite1}@anchor{1}@w{(CITE1)} \n'
-            'This is a citation\n') in output
-    assert ('@anchor{index cite2}@anchor{2}@w{(CITE2)} \n'
-            'This is a multiline citation\n') in output
-
-
-def test_default_texinfo_documents():
-    config = Config({'project': 'STASI™ Documentation',
-                     'author': "Wolfgang Schäuble & G'Beckstein"})
-    config.init_values()
-    expected = [('index', 'stasi', 'STASI™ Documentation',
-                 "Wolfgang Schäuble & G'Beckstein", 'stasi',
-                 'One line description of project', 'Miscellaneous')]
-    assert default_texinfo_documents(config) == expected
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('texinfo')
-def test_texinfo_escape_id(app, status, warning):
-    settings = Mock(title='',
-                    texinfo_dir_entry='',
-                    texinfo_elements={})
-    document = new_document('', settings)
-    translator = app.builder.create_translator(document, app.builder)
-
-    assert translator.escape_id('Hello world') == 'Hello world'
-    assert translator.escape_id('Hello    world') == 'Hello world'
-    assert translator.escape_id('Hello   Sphinx   world') == 'Hello Sphinx world'
-    assert translator.escape_id('Hello:world') == 'Hello world'
-    assert translator.escape_id('Hello(world)') == 'Hello world'
-    assert translator.escape_id('Hello world.') == 'Hello world'
-    assert translator.escape_id('.') == '.'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('texinfo', testroot='footnotes')
-def test_texinfo_footnote(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    output = (app.outdir / 'python.texi').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert 'First footnote: @footnote{\nFirst\n}' in output
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('texinfo')
-def test_texinfo_xrefs(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    output = (app.outdir / 'sphinxtests.texi').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert re.search(r'@ref{\w+,,--plugin\.option}', output)
-
-    # Now rebuild it without xrefs
-    app.config.texinfo_cross_references = False
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    output = (app.outdir / 'sphinxtests.texi').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert not re.search(r'@ref{\w+,,--plugin\.option}', output)
-    assert 'Link to perl +p, --ObjC++, --plugin.option, create-auth-token, arg and -j' in output
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('texinfo', testroot='root')
-def test_texinfo_samp_with_variable(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-
-    output = (app.outdir / 'sphinxtests.texi').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    assert '@code{@var{variable_only}}' in output
-    assert '@code{@var{variable} and text}' in output
-    assert '@code{Show @var{variable} in the middle}' in output
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('texinfo', testroot='images')
-def test_copy_images(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-
-    images_dir = Path(app.outdir) / 'python-figures'
-    images = {image.name for image in images_dir.rglob('*')}
-    images.discard('python-logo.png')
-    assert images == {
-        'img.png',
-        'rimg.png',
-        'testimäge.png',
-    }
diff --git a/tests/test_build_text.py b/tests/test_build_text.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 4a53be3..0000000
--- a/tests/test_build_text.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,278 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the build process with Text builder with the test root."""
-
-import pytest
-from docutils.utils import column_width
-
-from sphinx.writers.text import MAXWIDTH, Cell, Table
-
-
-def with_text_app(*args, **kw):
-    default_kw = {
-        'buildername': 'text',
-        'testroot': 'build-text',
-    }
-    default_kw.update(kw)
-    return pytest.mark.sphinx(*args, **default_kw)
-
-
-@with_text_app()
-def test_maxwitdh_with_prefix(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_update()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'maxwidth.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    lines = result.splitlines()
-    line_widths = [column_width(line) for line in lines]
-    assert max(line_widths) < MAXWIDTH
-    assert lines[0].startswith('See also:')
-    assert lines[1].startswith('')
-    assert lines[2].startswith('  ham')
-    assert lines[3].startswith('  ham')
-    assert lines[4] == ''
-    assert lines[5].startswith('* ham')
-    assert lines[6].startswith('  ham')
-    assert lines[7] == ''
-    assert lines[8].startswith('* ham')
-    assert lines[9].startswith('  ham')
-    assert lines[10] == ''
-    assert lines[11].startswith('spam egg')
-
-
-@with_text_app()
-def test_lineblock(app, status, warning):
-    # regression test for #1109: need empty line after line block
-    app.builder.build_update()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'lineblock.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    expect = (
-        "* one\n"
-        "\n"
-        "     line-block 1\n"
-        "     line-block 2\n"
-        "\n"
-        "followed paragraph.\n"
-    )
-    assert result == expect
-
-
-@with_text_app()
-def test_nonascii_title_line(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_update()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'nonascii_title.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    expect_underline = '*********'
-    result_underline = result.splitlines()[1].strip()
-    assert expect_underline == result_underline
-
-
-@with_text_app()
-def test_nonascii_table(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_update()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'nonascii_table.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    lines = [line.strip() for line in result.splitlines() if line.strip()]
-    line_widths = [column_width(line) for line in lines]
-    assert len(set(line_widths)) == 1  # same widths
-
-
-@with_text_app()
-def test_nonascii_maxwidth(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_update()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'nonascii_maxwidth.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    lines = [line.strip() for line in result.splitlines() if line.strip()]
-    line_widths = [column_width(line) for line in lines]
-    assert max(line_widths) < MAXWIDTH
-
-
-def test_table_builder():
-    table = Table([6, 6])
-    table.add_cell(Cell("foo"))
-    table.add_cell(Cell("bar"))
-    table_str = str(table).split("\n")
-    assert table_str[0] == "+--------+--------+"
-    assert table_str[1] == "| foo    | bar    |"
-    assert table_str[2] == "+--------+--------+"
-    assert repr(table).count("<Cell ") == 2
-
-
-def test_table_separator():
-    table = Table([6, 6])
-    table.add_cell(Cell("foo"))
-    table.add_cell(Cell("bar"))
-    table.set_separator()
-    table.add_row()
-    table.add_cell(Cell("FOO"))
-    table.add_cell(Cell("BAR"))
-    table_str = str(table).split("\n")
-    assert table_str[0] == "+--------+--------+"
-    assert table_str[1] == "| foo    | bar    |"
-    assert table_str[2] == "|========|========|"
-    assert table_str[3] == "| FOO    | BAR    |"
-    assert table_str[4] == "+--------+--------+"
-    assert repr(table).count("<Cell ") == 4
-
-
-def test_table_cell():
-    cell = Cell("Foo bar baz")
-    cell.wrap(3)
-    assert "Cell" in repr(cell)
-    assert cell.wrapped == ["Foo", "bar", "baz"]
-
-
-@with_text_app()
-def test_table_with_empty_cell(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_update()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'table.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    lines = [line.strip() for line in result.splitlines() if line.strip()]
-    assert lines[0] == "+-------+-------+"
-    assert lines[1] == "| XXX   | XXX   |"
-    assert lines[2] == "+-------+-------+"
-    assert lines[3] == "|       | XXX   |"
-    assert lines[4] == "+-------+-------+"
-    assert lines[5] == "| XXX   |       |"
-    assert lines[6] == "+-------+-------+"
-
-
-@with_text_app()
-def test_table_with_rowspan(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_update()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'table_rowspan.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    lines = [line.strip() for line in result.splitlines() if line.strip()]
-    assert lines[0] == "+-------+-------+"
-    assert lines[1] == "| XXXXXXXXX     |"
-    assert lines[2] == "+-------+-------+"
-    assert lines[3] == "|       | XXX   |"
-    assert lines[4] == "+-------+-------+"
-    assert lines[5] == "| XXX   |       |"
-    assert lines[6] == "+-------+-------+"
-
-
-@with_text_app()
-def test_table_with_colspan(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_update()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'table_colspan.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    lines = [line.strip() for line in result.splitlines() if line.strip()]
-    assert lines[0] == "+-------+-------+"
-    assert lines[1] == "| XXX   | XXX   |"
-    assert lines[2] == "+-------+-------+"
-    assert lines[3] == "|       | XXX   |"
-    assert lines[4] == "+-------+       |"
-    assert lines[5] == "| XXX   |       |"
-    assert lines[6] == "+-------+-------+"
-
-
-@with_text_app()
-def test_table_with_colspan_left(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_update()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'table_colspan_left.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    lines = [line.strip() for line in result.splitlines() if line.strip()]
-    assert lines[0] == "+-------+-------+"
-    assert lines[1] == "| XXX   | XXX   |"
-    assert lines[2] == "+-------+-------+"
-    assert lines[3] == "| XXX   | XXX   |"
-    assert lines[4] == "|       +-------+"
-    assert lines[5] == "|       |       |"
-    assert lines[6] == "+-------+-------+"
-
-
-@with_text_app()
-def test_table_with_colspan_and_rowspan(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_update()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'table_colspan_and_rowspan.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    lines = [line.strip() for line in result.splitlines() if line.strip()]
-    assert result
-    assert lines[0] == "+-------+-------+-------+"
-    assert lines[1] == "| AAA           | BBB   |"
-    assert lines[2] == "+-------+-------+       |"
-    assert lines[3] == "| DDD   | XXX   |       |"
-    assert lines[4] == "|       +-------+-------+"
-    assert lines[5] == "|       | CCC           |"
-    assert lines[6] == "+-------+-------+-------+"
-
-
-@with_text_app()
-def test_list_items_in_admonition(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_update()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'listitems.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    lines = [line.rstrip() for line in result.splitlines()]
-    assert lines[0] == "See also:"
-    assert lines[1] == ""
-    assert lines[2] == "  * item 1"
-    assert lines[3] == ""
-    assert lines[4] == "  * item 2"
-
-
-@with_text_app()
-def test_secnums(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    index = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    lines = index.splitlines()
-    assert lines[0] == "* 1. Section A"
-    assert lines[1] == ""
-    assert lines[2] == "* 2. Section B"
-    assert lines[3] == ""
-    assert lines[4] == "  * 2.1. Sub Ba"
-    assert lines[5] == ""
-    assert lines[6] == "  * 2.2. Sub Bb"
-    doc2 = (app.outdir / 'doc2.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    expect = (
-        "2. Section B\n"
-        "************\n"
-        "\n"
-        "\n"
-        "2.1. Sub Ba\n"
-        "===========\n"
-        "\n"
-        "\n"
-        "2.2. Sub Bb\n"
-        "===========\n"
-    )
-    assert doc2 == expect
-
-    app.config.text_secnumber_suffix = " "
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    index = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    lines = index.splitlines()
-    assert lines[0] == "* 1 Section A"
-    assert lines[1] == ""
-    assert lines[2] == "* 2 Section B"
-    assert lines[3] == ""
-    assert lines[4] == "  * 2.1 Sub Ba"
-    assert lines[5] == ""
-    assert lines[6] == "  * 2.2 Sub Bb"
-    doc2 = (app.outdir / 'doc2.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    expect = (
-        "2 Section B\n"
-        "***********\n"
-        "\n"
-        "\n"
-        "2.1 Sub Ba\n"
-        "==========\n"
-        "\n"
-        "\n"
-        "2.2 Sub Bb\n"
-        "==========\n"
-    )
-    assert doc2 == expect
-
-    app.config.text_add_secnumbers = False
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    index = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    lines = index.splitlines()
-    assert lines[0] == "* Section A"
-    assert lines[1] == ""
-    assert lines[2] == "* Section B"
-    assert lines[3] == ""
-    assert lines[4] == "  * Sub Ba"
-    assert lines[5] == ""
-    assert lines[6] == "  * Sub Bb"
-    doc2 = (app.outdir / 'doc2.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    expect = (
-        "Section B\n"
-        "*********\n"
-        "\n"
-        "\n"
-        "Sub Ba\n"
-        "======\n"
-        "\n"
-        "\n"
-        "Sub Bb\n"
-        "======\n"
-    )
-    assert doc2 == expect
diff --git a/tests/test_builder.py b/tests/test_builder.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 1ff8aea..0000000
--- a/tests/test_builder.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the Builder class."""
-import pytest
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', srcdir="test_builder", freshenv=True)
-def test_incremental_reading(app):
-    # first reading
-    updated = app.builder.read()
-    assert set(updated) == app.env.found_docs == set(app.env.all_docs)
-    assert updated == sorted(updated)  # sorted by alphanumeric
-
-    # test if exclude_patterns works ok
-    assert 'subdir/excluded' not in app.env.found_docs
-
-    # before second reading, add, modify and remove source files
-    (app.srcdir / 'new.txt').write_text('New file\n========\n', encoding='utf8')
-    app.env.all_docs['index'] = 0  # mark as modified
-    (app.srcdir / 'autodoc.txt').unlink()
-
-    # second reading
-    updated = app.builder.read()
-
-    assert set(updated) == {'index', 'new'}
-    assert 'autodoc' not in app.env.all_docs
-    assert 'autodoc' not in app.env.found_docs
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='warnings', freshenv=True)
-def test_incremental_reading_for_missing_files(app):
-    # first reading
-    updated = app.builder.read()
-    assert set(updated) == app.env.found_docs == set(app.env.all_docs)
-
-    # second reading
-    updated = app.builder.read()
-
-    # "index" is listed up to updated because it contains references
-    # to nonexisting downloadable or image files
-    assert set(updated) == {'index'}
diff --git a/tests/test_builders/__init__.py b/tests/test_builders/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/tests/test_builders/conftest.py b/tests/test_builders/conftest.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1203d5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_builders/conftest.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.testing.util import etree_parse
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator
+    from pathlib import Path
+    from xml.etree.ElementTree import ElementTree
+
+_etree_cache: dict[Path, ElementTree] = {}
+
+
+def _parse(path: Path) -> ElementTree:
+    if path in _etree_cache:
+        return _etree_cache[path]
+
+    _etree_cache[path] = tree = etree_parse(path)
+    return tree
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope='package')
+def cached_etree_parse() -> Iterator[Callable[[Path], ElementTree]]:
+    yield _parse
+    _etree_cache.clear()
diff --git a/tests/test_builders/test_build.py b/tests/test_builders/test_build.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f6d12c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_builders/test_build.py
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+"""Test all builders."""
+
+import os
+import shutil
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from unittest import mock
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx.cmd.build import build_main
+from sphinx.errors import SphinxError
+
+from tests.utils import TESTS_ROOT
+
+
+def request_session_head(url, **kwargs):
+    response = mock.Mock()
+    response.status_code = 200
+    response.url = url
+    return response
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def nonascii_srcdir(request, rootdir, sphinx_test_tempdir):
+    # Build in a non-ASCII source dir
+    test_name = '\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e'
+    basedir = sphinx_test_tempdir / request.node.originalname
+    srcdir = basedir / test_name
+    if not srcdir.exists():
+        shutil.copytree(rootdir / 'test-root', srcdir)
+
+    # add a doc with a non-ASCII file name to the source dir
+    (srcdir / (test_name + '.txt')).write_text("""
+nonascii file name page
+=======================
+""", encoding='utf8')
+
+    root_doc = srcdir / 'index.txt'
+    root_doc.write_text(root_doc.read_text(encoding='utf8') + f"""
+.. toctree::
+
+{test_name}/{test_name}
+""", encoding='utf8')
+    return srcdir
+
+
+# note: this test skips building docs for some builders because they have independent testcase.
+#       (html, changes, epub, latex, texinfo and manpage)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "buildername",
+    ['dirhtml', 'singlehtml', 'text', 'xml', 'pseudoxml', 'linkcheck'],
+)
+@mock.patch('sphinx.builders.linkcheck.requests.head',
+            side_effect=request_session_head)
+def test_build_all(requests_head, make_app, nonascii_srcdir, buildername):
+    app = make_app(buildername, srcdir=nonascii_srcdir)
+    app.build()
+
+
+def test_root_doc_not_found(tmp_path, make_app):
+    (tmp_path / 'conf.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+    assert os.listdir(tmp_path) == ['conf.py']
+
+    app = make_app('dummy', srcdir=tmp_path)
+    with pytest.raises(SphinxError):
+        app.build(force_all=True)  # no index.rst
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='text', testroot='circular')
+def test_circular_toctree(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    warnings = warning.getvalue()
+    assert (
+        'circular toctree references detected, ignoring: '
+        'sub <- index <- sub') in warnings
+    assert (
+        'circular toctree references detected, ignoring: '
+        'index <- sub <- index') in warnings
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='text', testroot='numbered-circular')
+def test_numbered_circular_toctree(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    warnings = warning.getvalue()
+    assert (
+        'circular toctree references detected, ignoring: '
+        'sub <- index <- sub') in warnings
+    assert (
+        'circular toctree references detected, ignoring: '
+        'index <- sub <- index') in warnings
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='dummy', testroot='images')
+def test_image_glob(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    # index.rst
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('index')
+
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0][1], nodes.image)
+    assert doctree[0][1]['candidates'] == {'*': 'rimg.png'}
+    assert doctree[0][1]['uri'] == 'rimg.png'
+
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0][2], nodes.figure)
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0][2][0], nodes.image)
+    assert doctree[0][2][0]['candidates'] == {'*': 'rimg.png'}
+    assert doctree[0][2][0]['uri'] == 'rimg.png'
+
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0][3], nodes.image)
+    assert doctree[0][3]['candidates'] == {'application/pdf': 'img.pdf',
+                                           'image/gif': 'img.gif',
+                                           'image/png': 'img.png'}
+    assert doctree[0][3]['uri'] == 'img.*'
+
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0][4], nodes.figure)
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0][4][0], nodes.image)
+    assert doctree[0][4][0]['candidates'] == {'application/pdf': 'img.pdf',
+                                              'image/gif': 'img.gif',
+                                              'image/png': 'img.png'}
+    assert doctree[0][4][0]['uri'] == 'img.*'
+
+    # subdir/index.rst
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('subdir/index')
+
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0][1], nodes.image)
+    assert doctree[0][1]['candidates'] == {'*': 'subdir/rimg.png'}
+    assert doctree[0][1]['uri'] == 'subdir/rimg.png'
+
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0][2], nodes.image)
+    assert doctree[0][2]['candidates'] == {'application/pdf': 'subdir/svgimg.pdf',
+                                           'image/svg+xml': 'subdir/svgimg.svg'}
+    assert doctree[0][2]['uri'] == 'subdir/svgimg.*'
+
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0][3], nodes.figure)
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0][3][0], nodes.image)
+    assert doctree[0][3][0]['candidates'] == {'application/pdf': 'subdir/svgimg.pdf',
+                                              'image/svg+xml': 'subdir/svgimg.svg'}
+    assert doctree[0][3][0]['uri'] == 'subdir/svgimg.*'
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def force_colors():
+    forcecolor = os.environ.get('FORCE_COLOR', None)
+
+    try:
+        os.environ['FORCE_COLOR'] = '1'
+        yield
+    finally:
+        if forcecolor is None:
+            os.environ.pop('FORCE_COLOR', None)
+        else:
+            os.environ['FORCE_COLOR'] = forcecolor
+
+
+def test_log_no_ansi_colors(tmp_path):
+    with force_colors():
+        wfile = tmp_path / 'warnings.txt'
+        srcdir = TESTS_ROOT / 'roots' / 'test-nitpicky-warnings'
+        argv = list(map(str, ['-b', 'html', srcdir, tmp_path, '-n', '-w', wfile]))
+        retcode = build_main(argv)
+        assert retcode == 0
+
+        content = wfile.read_text(encoding='utf8')
+        assert '\x1b[91m' not in content
diff --git a/tests/test_builders/test_build_changes.py b/tests/test_builders/test_build_changes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b537b87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_builders/test_build_changes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+"""Test the ChangesBuilder class."""
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('changes', testroot='changes')
+def test_build(app):
+    app.build()
+
+    # TODO: Use better checking of html content
+    htmltext = (app.outdir / 'changes.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'Added in version 0.6: Some funny stuff.' in htmltext
+    assert 'Changed in version 0.6: Even more funny stuff.' in htmltext
+    assert 'Deprecated since version 0.6: Boring stuff.' in htmltext
+
+    path_html = (
+        '<b>Path</b>: <i>deprecated:</i> Deprecated since version 0.6:'
+        ' So, that was a bad idea it turns out.')
+    assert path_html in htmltext
+
+    malloc_html = (
+        '<b>void *Test_Malloc(size_t n)</b>: <i>changed:</i> Changed in version 0.6:'
+        ' Can now be replaced with a different allocator.</a>')
+    assert malloc_html in htmltext
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'changes', testroot='changes', srcdir='changes-none',
+    confoverrides={'version': '0.7', 'release': '0.7b1'})
+def test_no_changes(app, status):
+    app.build()
+
+    assert 'no changes in version 0.7.' in status.getvalue()
+    assert not (app.outdir / 'changes.html').exists()
diff --git a/tests/test_builders/test_build_dirhtml.py b/tests/test_builders/test_build_dirhtml.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc5ab86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_builders/test_build_dirhtml.py
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+"""Test dirhtml builder."""
+
+import posixpath
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.util.inventory import InventoryFile
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='dirhtml', testroot='builder-dirhtml')
+def test_dirhtml(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    assert (app.outdir / 'index.html').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / 'foo/index.html').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / 'foo/foo_1/index.html').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / 'foo/foo_2/index.html').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / 'bar/index.html').exists()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'href="foo/"' in content
+    assert 'href="foo/foo_1/"' in content
+    assert 'href="foo/foo_2/"' in content
+    assert 'href="bar/"' in content
+
+    # objects.inv (refs: #7095)
+    with (app.outdir / 'objects.inv').open('rb') as f:
+        invdata = InventoryFile.load(f, 'path/to', posixpath.join)
+
+    assert 'index' in invdata.get('std:doc')
+    assert invdata['std:doc']['index'] == ('Python', '', 'path/to/', '-')
+
+    assert 'foo/index' in invdata.get('std:doc')
+    assert invdata['std:doc']['foo/index'] == ('Python', '', 'path/to/foo/', '-')
+
+    assert 'index' in invdata.get('std:label')
+    assert invdata['std:label']['index'] == ('Python', '', 'path/to/#index', '-')
+
+    assert 'foo' in invdata.get('std:label')
+    assert invdata['std:label']['foo'] == ('Python', '', 'path/to/foo/#foo', 'foo/index')
diff --git a/tests/test_builders/test_build_epub.py b/tests/test_builders/test_build_epub.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6829f22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_builders/test_build_epub.py
@@ -0,0 +1,417 @@
+"""Test the HTML builder and check output against XPath."""
+
+import os
+import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
+from subprocess import CalledProcessError
+from xml.etree import ElementTree
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.builders.epub3 import _XML_NAME_PATTERN
+
+
+# check given command is runnable
+def runnable(command):
+    try:
+        subprocess.run(command, capture_output=True, check=True)
+        return True
+    except (OSError, CalledProcessError):
+        return False  # command not found or exit with non-zero
+
+
+class EPUBElementTree:
+    """Test helper for content.opf and toc.ncx"""
+
+    namespaces = {
+        'idpf': 'http://www.idpf.org/2007/opf',
+        'dc': 'http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/',
+        'ibooks': 'http://vocabulary.itunes.apple.com/rdf/ibooks/vocabulary-extensions-1.0/',
+        'ncx': 'http://www.daisy.org/z3986/2005/ncx/',
+        'xhtml': 'http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml',
+        'epub': 'http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops',
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, tree):
+        self.tree = tree
+
+    @classmethod
+    def fromstring(cls, string):
+        tree = ElementTree.fromstring(string)  # NoQA: S314  # using known data in tests
+        return cls(tree)
+
+    def find(self, match):
+        ret = self.tree.find(match, namespaces=self.namespaces)
+        if ret is not None:
+            return self.__class__(ret)
+        else:
+            return ret
+
+    def findall(self, match):
+        ret = self.tree.findall(match, namespaces=self.namespaces)
+        return [self.__class__(e) for e in ret]
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        return getattr(self.tree, name)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        for child in self.tree:
+            yield self.__class__(child)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='basic')
+def test_build_epub(app):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    assert (app.outdir / 'mimetype').read_text(encoding='utf8') == 'application/epub+zip'
+    assert (app.outdir / 'META-INF' / 'container.xml').exists()
+
+    # toc.ncx
+    toc = EPUBElementTree.fromstring((app.outdir / 'toc.ncx').read_text(encoding='utf8'))
+    assert toc.find("./ncx:docTitle/ncx:text").text == 'Python'
+
+    # toc.ncx / head
+    meta = list(toc.find("./ncx:head"))
+    assert meta[0].attrib == {'name': 'dtb:uid', 'content': 'unknown'}
+    assert meta[1].attrib == {'name': 'dtb:depth', 'content': '1'}
+    assert meta[2].attrib == {'name': 'dtb:totalPageCount', 'content': '0'}
+    assert meta[3].attrib == {'name': 'dtb:maxPageNumber', 'content': '0'}
+
+    # toc.ncx / navMap
+    navpoints = toc.findall("./ncx:navMap/ncx:navPoint")
+    assert len(navpoints) == 1
+    assert navpoints[0].attrib == {'id': 'navPoint1', 'playOrder': '1'}
+    assert navpoints[0].find("./ncx:content").attrib == {'src': 'index.xhtml'}
+
+    navlabel = navpoints[0].find("./ncx:navLabel/ncx:text")
+    assert navlabel.text == 'The basic Sphinx documentation for testing'
+
+    # content.opf
+    opf = EPUBElementTree.fromstring((app.outdir / 'content.opf').read_text(encoding='utf8'))
+
+    # content.opf / metadata
+    metadata = opf.find("./idpf:metadata")
+    assert metadata.find("./dc:language").text == 'en'
+    assert metadata.find("./dc:title").text == 'Python'
+    assert metadata.find("./dc:description").text == 'unknown'
+    assert metadata.find("./dc:creator").text == 'unknown'
+    assert metadata.find("./dc:contributor").text == 'unknown'
+    assert metadata.find("./dc:publisher").text == 'unknown'
+    assert metadata.find("./dc:rights").text is None
+    assert metadata.find("./idpf:meta[@property='ibooks:version']").text is None
+    assert metadata.find("./idpf:meta[@property='ibooks:specified-fonts']").text == 'true'
+    assert metadata.find("./idpf:meta[@property='ibooks:binding']").text == 'true'
+    assert metadata.find("./idpf:meta[@property='ibooks:scroll-axis']").text == 'vertical'
+
+    # content.opf / manifest
+    manifest = opf.find("./idpf:manifest")
+    items = list(manifest)
+    assert items[0].attrib == {'id': 'ncx',
+                               'href': 'toc.ncx',
+                               'media-type': 'application/x-dtbncx+xml'}
+    assert items[1].attrib == {'id': 'nav',
+                               'href': 'nav.xhtml',
+                               'media-type': 'application/xhtml+xml',
+                               'properties': 'nav'}
+    assert items[2].attrib == {'id': 'epub-0',
+                               'href': 'genindex.xhtml',
+                               'media-type': 'application/xhtml+xml'}
+    assert items[3].attrib == {'id': 'epub-1',
+                               'href': 'index.xhtml',
+                               'media-type': 'application/xhtml+xml'}
+
+    for i, item in enumerate(items[2:]):
+        # items are named as epub-NN
+        assert item.get('id') == 'epub-%d' % i
+
+    # content.opf / spine
+    spine = opf.find("./idpf:spine")
+    itemrefs = list(spine)
+    assert spine.get('toc') == 'ncx'
+    assert spine.get('page-progression-direction') == 'ltr'
+    assert itemrefs[0].get('idref') == 'epub-1'
+    assert itemrefs[1].get('idref') == 'epub-0'
+
+    # content.opf / guide
+    reference = opf.find("./idpf:guide/idpf:reference")
+    assert reference.get('type') == 'toc'
+    assert reference.get('title') == 'Table of Contents'
+    assert reference.get('href') == 'index.xhtml'
+
+    # nav.xhtml
+    nav = EPUBElementTree.fromstring((app.outdir / 'nav.xhtml').read_text(encoding='utf8'))
+    assert nav.attrib == {'lang': 'en',
+                          '{http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace}lang': 'en'}
+    assert nav.find("./xhtml:head/xhtml:title").text == 'Table of Contents'
+
+    # nav.xhtml / nav
+    navlist = nav.find("./xhtml:body/xhtml:nav")
+    toc = navlist.findall("./xhtml:ol/xhtml:li")
+    assert navlist.find("./xhtml:h1").text == 'Table of Contents'
+    assert len(toc) == 1
+    assert toc[0].find("./xhtml:a").get("href") == 'index.xhtml'
+    assert toc[0].find("./xhtml:a").text == 'The basic Sphinx documentation for testing'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='footnotes',
+                    confoverrides={'epub_cover': ('_images/rimg.png', None)})
+def test_epub_cover(app):
+    app.build()
+
+    # content.opf / metadata
+    opf = EPUBElementTree.fromstring((app.outdir / 'content.opf').read_text(encoding='utf8'))
+    cover_image = opf.find("./idpf:manifest/idpf:item[@href='%s']" % app.config.epub_cover[0])
+    cover = opf.find("./idpf:metadata/idpf:meta[@name='cover']")
+    assert cover
+    assert cover.get('content') == cover_image.get('id')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='toctree')
+def test_nested_toc(app):
+    app.build()
+
+    # toc.ncx
+    toc = EPUBElementTree.fromstring((app.outdir / 'toc.ncx').read_bytes())
+    assert toc.find("./ncx:docTitle/ncx:text").text == 'Python'
+
+    # toc.ncx / navPoint
+    def navinfo(elem):
+        label = elem.find("./ncx:navLabel/ncx:text")
+        content = elem.find("./ncx:content")
+        return (elem.get('id'), elem.get('playOrder'),
+                content.get('src'), label.text)
+
+    navpoints = toc.findall("./ncx:navMap/ncx:navPoint")
+    assert len(navpoints) == 4
+    assert navinfo(navpoints[0]) == ('navPoint1', '1', 'index.xhtml',
+                                     "Welcome to Sphinx Tests’s documentation!")
+    assert navpoints[0].findall("./ncx:navPoint") == []
+
+    # toc.ncx / nested navPoints
+    assert navinfo(navpoints[1]) == ('navPoint2', '2', 'foo.xhtml', 'foo')
+    navchildren = navpoints[1].findall("./ncx:navPoint")
+    assert len(navchildren) == 4
+    assert navinfo(navchildren[0]) == ('navPoint3', '2', 'foo.xhtml', 'foo')
+    assert navinfo(navchildren[1]) == ('navPoint4', '3', 'quux.xhtml', 'quux')
+    assert navinfo(navchildren[2]) == ('navPoint5', '4', 'foo.xhtml#foo-1', 'foo.1')
+    assert navinfo(navchildren[3]) == ('navPoint8', '6', 'foo.xhtml#foo-2', 'foo.2')
+
+    # nav.xhtml / nav
+    def navinfo(elem):
+        anchor = elem.find("./xhtml:a")
+        return (anchor.get('href'), anchor.text)
+
+    nav = EPUBElementTree.fromstring((app.outdir / 'nav.xhtml').read_bytes())
+    toc = nav.findall("./xhtml:body/xhtml:nav/xhtml:ol/xhtml:li")
+    assert len(toc) == 4
+    assert navinfo(toc[0]) == ('index.xhtml',
+                               "Welcome to Sphinx Tests’s documentation!")
+    assert toc[0].findall("./xhtml:ol") == []
+
+    # nav.xhtml / nested toc
+    assert navinfo(toc[1]) == ('foo.xhtml', 'foo')
+    tocchildren = toc[1].findall("./xhtml:ol/xhtml:li")
+    assert len(tocchildren) == 3
+    assert navinfo(tocchildren[0]) == ('quux.xhtml', 'quux')
+    assert navinfo(tocchildren[1]) == ('foo.xhtml#foo-1', 'foo.1')
+    assert navinfo(tocchildren[2]) == ('foo.xhtml#foo-2', 'foo.2')
+
+    grandchild = tocchildren[1].findall("./xhtml:ol/xhtml:li")
+    assert len(grandchild) == 1
+    assert navinfo(grandchild[0]) == ('foo.xhtml#foo-1-1', 'foo.1-1')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='need-escaped')
+def test_escaped_toc(app):
+    app.build()
+
+    # toc.ncx
+    toc = EPUBElementTree.fromstring((app.outdir / 'toc.ncx').read_bytes())
+    assert toc.find("./ncx:docTitle/ncx:text").text == 'need <b>"escaped"</b> project'
+
+    # toc.ncx / navPoint
+    def navinfo(elem):
+        label = elem.find("./ncx:navLabel/ncx:text")
+        content = elem.find("./ncx:content")
+        return (elem.get('id'), elem.get('playOrder'),
+                content.get('src'), label.text)
+
+    navpoints = toc.findall("./ncx:navMap/ncx:navPoint")
+    assert len(navpoints) == 4
+    assert navinfo(navpoints[0]) == ('navPoint1', '1', 'index.xhtml',
+                                     "Welcome to Sphinx Tests's documentation!")
+    assert navpoints[0].findall("./ncx:navPoint") == []
+
+    # toc.ncx / nested navPoints
+    assert navinfo(navpoints[1]) == ('navPoint2', '2', 'foo.xhtml', '<foo>')
+    navchildren = navpoints[1].findall("./ncx:navPoint")
+    assert len(navchildren) == 4
+    assert navinfo(navchildren[0]) == ('navPoint3', '2', 'foo.xhtml', '<foo>')
+    assert navinfo(navchildren[1]) == ('navPoint4', '3', 'quux.xhtml', 'quux')
+    assert navinfo(navchildren[2]) == ('navPoint5', '4', 'foo.xhtml#foo-1', 'foo “1”')
+    assert navinfo(navchildren[3]) == ('navPoint8', '6', 'foo.xhtml#foo-2', 'foo.2')
+
+    # nav.xhtml / nav
+    def navinfo(elem):
+        anchor = elem.find("./xhtml:a")
+        return (anchor.get('href'), anchor.text)
+
+    nav = EPUBElementTree.fromstring((app.outdir / 'nav.xhtml').read_bytes())
+    toc = nav.findall("./xhtml:body/xhtml:nav/xhtml:ol/xhtml:li")
+    assert len(toc) == 4
+    assert navinfo(toc[0]) == ('index.xhtml',
+                               "Welcome to Sphinx Tests's documentation!")
+    assert toc[0].findall("./xhtml:ol") == []
+
+    # nav.xhtml / nested toc
+    assert navinfo(toc[1]) == ('foo.xhtml', '<foo>')
+    tocchildren = toc[1].findall("./xhtml:ol/xhtml:li")
+    assert len(tocchildren) == 3
+    assert navinfo(tocchildren[0]) == ('quux.xhtml', 'quux')
+    assert navinfo(tocchildren[1]) == ('foo.xhtml#foo-1', 'foo “1”')
+    assert navinfo(tocchildren[2]) == ('foo.xhtml#foo-2', 'foo.2')
+
+    grandchild = tocchildren[1].findall("./xhtml:ol/xhtml:li")
+    assert len(grandchild) == 1
+    assert navinfo(grandchild[0]) == ('foo.xhtml#foo-1-1', 'foo.1-1')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='basic')
+def test_epub_writing_mode(app):
+    # horizontal (default)
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    # horizontal / page-progression-direction
+    opf = EPUBElementTree.fromstring((app.outdir / 'content.opf').read_text(encoding='utf8'))
+    assert opf.find("./idpf:spine").get('page-progression-direction') == 'ltr'
+
+    # horizontal / ibooks:scroll-axis
+    metadata = opf.find("./idpf:metadata")
+    assert metadata.find("./idpf:meta[@property='ibooks:scroll-axis']").text == 'vertical'
+
+    # horizontal / writing-mode (CSS)
+    css = (app.outdir / '_static' / 'epub.css').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'writing-mode: horizontal-tb;' in css
+
+    # vertical
+    app.config.epub_writing_mode = 'vertical'
+    (app.outdir / 'index.xhtml').unlink()  # forcely rebuild
+    app.build()
+
+    # vertical / page-progression-direction
+    opf = EPUBElementTree.fromstring((app.outdir / 'content.opf').read_text(encoding='utf8'))
+    assert opf.find("./idpf:spine").get('page-progression-direction') == 'rtl'
+
+    # vertical / ibooks:scroll-axis
+    metadata = opf.find("./idpf:metadata")
+    assert metadata.find("./idpf:meta[@property='ibooks:scroll-axis']").text == 'horizontal'
+
+    # vertical / writing-mode (CSS)
+    css = (app.outdir / '_static' / 'epub.css').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'writing-mode: vertical-rl;' in css
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='epub-anchor-id')
+def test_epub_anchor_id(app):
+    app.build()
+
+    html = (app.outdir / 'index.xhtml').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<p id="std-setting-STATICFILES_FINDERS">'
+            'blah blah blah</p>' in html)
+    assert ('<span id="std-setting-STATICFILES_SECTION"></span>'
+            '<h1>blah blah blah</h1>' in html)
+    assert 'see <a class="reference internal" href="#std-setting-STATICFILES_FINDERS">' in html
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='html_assets')
+def test_epub_assets(app):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    # epub_sytlesheets (same as html_css_files)
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.xhtml').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/css/style.css" />'
+            in content)
+    assert ('<link media="print" rel="stylesheet" title="title" type="text/css" '
+            'href="https://example.com/custom.css" />' in content)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='html_assets',
+                    confoverrides={'epub_css_files': ['css/epub.css']})
+def test_epub_css_files(app):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    # epub_css_files
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.xhtml').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/css/epub.css" />' in content
+
+    # files in html_css_files are not outputted
+    assert ('<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/css/style.css" />'
+            not in content)
+    assert ('<link media="print" rel="stylesheet" title="title" type="text/css" '
+            'href="https://example.com/custom.css" />' not in content)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='roles-download')
+def test_html_download_role(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    assert not (app.outdir / '_downloads' / 'dummy.dat').exists()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.xhtml').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<li><p><code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate">'
+            '<span class="pre">dummy.dat</span></code></p></li>' in content)
+    assert ('<li><p><code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate">'
+            '<span class="pre">not_found.dat</span></code></p></li>' in content)
+    assert ('<li><p><code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate">'
+            '<span class="pre">Sphinx</span> <span class="pre">logo</span></code>'
+            '<span class="link-target"> [https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master'
+            '/_static/sphinx-logo.svg]</span></p></li>' in content)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='toctree-duplicated')
+def test_duplicated_toctree_entry(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    assert 'WARNING: duplicated ToC entry found: foo.xhtml' in warning.getvalue()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif('DO_EPUBCHECK' not in os.environ,
+                    reason='Skipped because DO_EPUBCHECK is not set')
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub')
+def test_run_epubcheck(app):
+    app.build()
+
+    if not runnable(['java', '-version']):
+        pytest.skip("Unable to run Java; skipping test")
+
+    epubcheck = os.environ.get('EPUBCHECK_PATH', '/usr/share/java/epubcheck.jar')
+    if not os.path.exists(epubcheck):
+        pytest.skip("Could not find epubcheck; skipping test")
+
+    try:
+        subprocess.run(['java', '-jar', epubcheck, app.outdir / 'SphinxTests.epub'],
+                       capture_output=True, check=True)
+    except CalledProcessError as exc:
+        print(exc.stdout.decode('utf-8'))
+        print(exc.stderr.decode('utf-8'))
+        msg = f'epubcheck exited with return code {exc.returncode}'
+        raise AssertionError(msg) from exc
+
+
+def test_xml_name_pattern_check():
+    assert _XML_NAME_PATTERN.match('id-pub')
+    assert _XML_NAME_PATTERN.match('webpage')
+    assert not _XML_NAME_PATTERN.match('1bfda21')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='images')
+def test_copy_images(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    images_dir = Path(app.outdir) / '_images'
+    images = {image.name for image in images_dir.rglob('*')}
+    images.discard('python-logo.png')
+    assert images == {
+        'img.png',
+        'rimg.png',
+        'rimg1.png',
+        'svgimg.svg',
+        'testimäge.png',
+    }
diff --git a/tests/test_builders/test_build_gettext.py b/tests/test_builders/test_build_gettext.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ddc6d30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_builders/test_build_gettext.py
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+"""Test the build process with gettext builder with the test root."""
+
+import gettext
+import os
+import re
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from subprocess import CalledProcessError
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.builders.gettext import Catalog, MsgOrigin
+
+if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 11):
+    from contextlib import chdir
+else:
+    from sphinx.util.osutil import _chdir as chdir
+
+_MSGID_PATTERN = re.compile(r'msgid "(.*)"')
+
+
+def msgid_getter(msgid):
+    if m := _MSGID_PATTERN.search(msgid):
+        return m[1]
+    return None
+
+
+def test_Catalog_duplicated_message():
+    catalog = Catalog()
+    catalog.add('hello', MsgOrigin('/path/to/filename', 1))
+    catalog.add('hello', MsgOrigin('/path/to/filename', 1))
+    catalog.add('hello', MsgOrigin('/path/to/filename', 2))
+    catalog.add('hello', MsgOrigin('/path/to/yetanother', 1))
+    catalog.add('world', MsgOrigin('/path/to/filename', 1))
+
+    assert len(list(catalog)) == 2
+
+    msg1, msg2 = list(catalog)
+    assert msg1.text == 'hello'
+    assert msg1.locations == [('/path/to/filename', 1),
+                              ('/path/to/filename', 2),
+                              ('/path/to/yetanother', 1)]
+    assert msg2.text == 'world'
+    assert msg2.locations == [('/path/to/filename', 1)]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext', srcdir='root-gettext')
+def test_build_gettext(app):
+    # Generic build; should fail only when the builder is horribly broken.
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    # Do messages end up in the correct location?
+    # top-level documents end up in a message catalog
+    assert (app.outdir / 'extapi.pot').is_file()
+    # directory items are grouped into sections
+    assert (app.outdir / 'subdir.pot').is_file()
+
+    # regression test for issue #960
+    catalog = (app.outdir / 'markup.pot').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'msgid "something, something else, something more"' in catalog
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext', srcdir='root-gettext')
+def test_msgfmt(app):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    (app.outdir / 'en' / 'LC_MESSAGES').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    with chdir(app.outdir):
+        try:
+            args = ['msginit', '--no-translator', '-i', 'markup.pot', '--locale', 'en_US']
+            subprocess.run(args, capture_output=True, check=True)
+        except OSError:
+            pytest.skip()  # most likely msginit was not found
+        except CalledProcessError as exc:
+            print(exc.stdout)
+            print(exc.stderr)
+            msg = f'msginit exited with return code {exc.returncode}'
+            raise AssertionError(msg) from exc
+
+        assert (app.outdir / 'en_US.po').is_file(), 'msginit failed'
+        try:
+            args = ['msgfmt', 'en_US.po',
+                    '-o', os.path.join('en', 'LC_MESSAGES', 'test_root.mo')]
+            subprocess.run(args, capture_output=True, check=True)
+        except OSError:
+            pytest.skip()  # most likely msgfmt was not found
+        except CalledProcessError as exc:
+            print(exc.stdout)
+            print(exc.stderr)
+            msg = f'msgfmt exited with return code {exc.returncode}'
+            raise AssertionError(msg) from exc
+
+        mo = app.outdir / 'en' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'test_root.mo'
+        assert mo.is_file(), 'msgfmt failed'
+
+    _ = gettext.translation('test_root', app.outdir, languages=['en']).gettext
+    assert _("Testing various markup") == "Testing various markup"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'gettext', testroot='intl', srcdir='gettext',
+    confoverrides={'gettext_compact': False})
+def test_gettext_index_entries(app):
+    # regression test for #976
+    app.build(filenames=[app.srcdir / 'index_entries.txt'])
+
+    pot = (app.outdir / 'index_entries.pot').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    msg_ids = list(filter(None, map(msgid_getter, pot.splitlines())))
+
+    assert msg_ids == [
+        "i18n with index entries",
+        "index target section",
+        "this is :index:`Newsletter` target paragraph.",
+        "various index entries",
+        "That's all.",
+        "Mailing List",
+        "Newsletter",
+        "Recipients List",
+        "First",
+        "Second",
+        "Third",
+        "Entry",
+        "See",
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'gettext', testroot='intl', srcdir='gettext',
+    confoverrides={'gettext_compact': False,
+                   'gettext_additional_targets': []})
+def test_gettext_disable_index_entries(app):
+    # regression test for #976
+    app.env._pickled_doctree_cache.clear()  # clear cache
+    app.build(filenames=[app.srcdir / 'index_entries.txt'])
+
+    pot = (app.outdir / 'index_entries.pot').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    msg_ids = list(filter(None, map(msgid_getter, pot.splitlines())))
+
+    assert msg_ids == [
+        "i18n with index entries",
+        "index target section",
+        "this is :index:`Newsletter` target paragraph.",
+        "various index entries",
+        "That's all.",
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext', testroot='intl', srcdir='gettext')
+def test_gettext_template(app):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    assert (app.outdir / 'sphinx.pot').is_file()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinx.pot').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert "Welcome" in result
+    assert "Sphinx %(version)s" in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext', testroot='gettext-template')
+def test_gettext_template_msgid_order_in_sphinxpot(app):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    assert (app.outdir / 'sphinx.pot').is_file()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinx.pot').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert re.search(
+        ('msgid "Template 1".*'
+         'msgid "This is Template 1\\.".*'
+         'msgid "Template 2".*'
+         'msgid "This is Template 2\\.".*'),
+        result,
+        flags=re.DOTALL)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'gettext', srcdir='root-gettext',
+    confoverrides={'gettext_compact': 'documentation'})
+def test_build_single_pot(app):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    assert (app.outdir / 'documentation.pot').is_file()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'documentation.pot').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert re.search(
+        ('msgid "Todo".*'
+         'msgid "Like footnotes.".*'
+         'msgid "The minute.".*'
+         'msgid "Generated section".*'),
+        result,
+        flags=re.DOTALL)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'gettext',
+    testroot='intl_substitution_definitions',
+    srcdir='gettext-subst',
+    confoverrides={'gettext_compact': False,
+                   'gettext_additional_targets': ['image']})
+def test_gettext_prolog_epilog_substitution(app):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    assert (app.outdir / 'prolog_epilog_substitution.pot').is_file()
+    pot = (app.outdir / 'prolog_epilog_substitution.pot').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    msg_ids = list(filter(None, map(msgid_getter, pot.splitlines())))
+
+    assert msg_ids == [
+        "i18n with prologue and epilogue substitutions",
+        "This is content that contains |subst_prolog_1|.",
+        "Substituted image |subst_prolog_2| here.",
+        "subst_prolog_2",
+        ".. image:: /img.png",
+        "This is content that contains |subst_epilog_1|.",
+        "Substituted image |subst_epilog_2| here.",
+        "subst_epilog_2",
+        ".. image:: /i18n.png",
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'gettext',
+    testroot='intl_substitution_definitions',
+    srcdir='gettext-subst',
+    confoverrides={'gettext_compact': False,
+                   'gettext_additional_targets': ['image']})
+def test_gettext_prolog_epilog_substitution_excluded(app):
+    # regression test for #9428
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    assert (app.outdir / 'prolog_epilog_substitution_excluded.pot').is_file()
+    pot = (app.outdir / 'prolog_epilog_substitution_excluded.pot').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    msg_ids = list(filter(None, map(msgid_getter, pot.splitlines())))
+
+    assert msg_ids == [
+        "i18n without prologue and epilogue substitutions",
+        "This is content that does not include prologue and epilogue substitutions.",
+    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_builders/test_build_html.py b/tests/test_builders/test_build_html.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fa3ba4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_builders/test_build_html.py
@@ -0,0 +1,378 @@
+"""Test the HTML builder and check output against XPath."""
+
+import os
+import posixpath
+import re
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.builders.html import validate_html_extra_path, validate_html_static_path
+from sphinx.deprecation import RemovedInSphinx80Warning
+from sphinx.errors import ConfigError
+from sphinx.util.console import strip_colors
+from sphinx.util.inventory import InventoryFile
+
+from tests.test_builders.xpath_data import FIGURE_CAPTION
+from tests.test_builders.xpath_util import check_xpath
+
+
+def test_html4_error(make_app, tmp_path):
+    (tmp_path / 'conf.py').write_text('', encoding='utf-8')
+    with pytest.raises(
+        ConfigError,
+        match='HTML 4 is no longer supported by Sphinx',
+    ):
+        make_app(
+            buildername='html',
+            srcdir=tmp_path,
+            confoverrides={'html4_writer': True},
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "path", "check"), [
+    ('index.html', ".//div[@class='citation']/span", r'Ref1'),
+    ('index.html', ".//div[@class='citation']/span", r'Ref_1'),
+
+    ('footnote.html', ".//a[@class='footnote-reference brackets'][@href='#id9'][@id='id1']", r"1"),
+    ('footnote.html', ".//a[@class='footnote-reference brackets'][@href='#id10'][@id='id2']", r"2"),
+    ('footnote.html', ".//a[@class='footnote-reference brackets'][@href='#foo'][@id='id3']", r"3"),
+    ('footnote.html', ".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#bar'][@id='id4']/span", r"\[bar\]"),
+    ('footnote.html', ".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#baz-qux'][@id='id5']/span", r"\[baz_qux\]"),
+    ('footnote.html', ".//a[@class='footnote-reference brackets'][@href='#id11'][@id='id6']", r"4"),
+    ('footnote.html', ".//a[@class='footnote-reference brackets'][@href='#id12'][@id='id7']", r"5"),
+    ('footnote.html', ".//aside[@class='footnote brackets']/span/a[@href='#id1']", r"1"),
+    ('footnote.html', ".//aside[@class='footnote brackets']/span/a[@href='#id2']", r"2"),
+    ('footnote.html', ".//aside[@class='footnote brackets']/span/a[@href='#id3']", r"3"),
+    ('footnote.html', ".//div[@class='citation']/span/a[@href='#id4']", r"bar"),
+    ('footnote.html', ".//div[@class='citation']/span/a[@href='#id5']", r"baz_qux"),
+    ('footnote.html', ".//aside[@class='footnote brackets']/span/a[@href='#id6']", r"4"),
+    ('footnote.html', ".//aside[@class='footnote brackets']/span/a[@href='#id7']", r"5"),
+    ('footnote.html', ".//aside[@class='footnote brackets']/span/a[@href='#id8']", r"6"),
+])
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_output_docutils18')
+def test_docutils_output(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, path, check):
+    app.build()
+    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, path, check)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', parallel=2)
+def test_html_parallel(app):
+    app.build()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='build-html-translator')
+def test_html_translator(app):
+    app.build()
+    assert app.builder.docwriter.visitor.depart_with_node == 10
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("expect", [
+    (FIGURE_CAPTION + "//span[@class='caption-number']", "Fig. 1", True),
+    (FIGURE_CAPTION + "//span[@class='caption-number']", "Fig. 2", True),
+    (FIGURE_CAPTION + "//span[@class='caption-number']", "Fig. 3", True),
+    (".//div//span[@class='caption-number']", "No.1 ", True),
+    (".//div//span[@class='caption-number']", "No.2 ", True),
+    (".//li/p/a/span", 'Fig. 1', True),
+    (".//li/p/a/span", 'Fig. 2', True),
+    (".//li/p/a/span", 'Fig. 3', True),
+    (".//li/p/a/span", 'No.1', True),
+    (".//li/p/a/span", 'No.2', True),
+])
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='add_enumerable_node',
+                    srcdir='test_enumerable_node')
+def test_enumerable_node(app, cached_etree_parse, expect):
+    app.build()
+    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / 'index.html'), 'index.html', *expect)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic', confoverrides={'html_copy_source': False})
+def test_html_copy_source(app):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    assert not (app.outdir / '_sources' / 'index.rst.txt').exists()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic', confoverrides={'html_sourcelink_suffix': '.txt'})
+def test_html_sourcelink_suffix(app):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    assert (app.outdir / '_sources' / 'index.rst.txt').exists()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic', confoverrides={'html_sourcelink_suffix': '.rst'})
+def test_html_sourcelink_suffix_same(app):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    assert (app.outdir / '_sources' / 'index.rst').exists()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic', confoverrides={'html_sourcelink_suffix': ''})
+def test_html_sourcelink_suffix_empty(app):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    assert (app.outdir / '_sources' / 'index.rst').exists()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='html_entity')
+def test_html_entity(app):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    valid_entities = {'amp', 'lt', 'gt', 'quot', 'apos'}
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    for entity in re.findall(r'&([a-z]+);', content, re.MULTILINE):
+        assert entity not in valid_entities
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic')
+def test_html_inventory(app):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    with app.outdir.joinpath('objects.inv').open('rb') as f:
+        invdata = InventoryFile.load(f, 'https://www.google.com', posixpath.join)
+
+    assert set(invdata.keys()) == {'std:label', 'std:doc'}
+    assert set(invdata['std:label'].keys()) == {'modindex',
+                                                'py-modindex',
+                                                'genindex',
+                                                'search'}
+    assert invdata['std:label']['modindex'] == ('Python',
+                                                '',
+                                                'https://www.google.com/py-modindex.html',
+                                                'Module Index')
+    assert invdata['std:label']['py-modindex'] == ('Python',
+                                                   '',
+                                                   'https://www.google.com/py-modindex.html',
+                                                   'Python Module Index')
+    assert invdata['std:label']['genindex'] == ('Python',
+                                                '',
+                                                'https://www.google.com/genindex.html',
+                                                'Index')
+    assert invdata['std:label']['search'] == ('Python',
+                                              '',
+                                              'https://www.google.com/search.html',
+                                              'Search Page')
+    assert set(invdata['std:doc'].keys()) == {'index'}
+    assert invdata['std:doc']['index'] == ('Python',
+                                           '',
+                                           'https://www.google.com/index.html',
+                                           'The basic Sphinx documentation for testing')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='images', confoverrides={'html_sourcelink_suffix': ''})
+def test_html_anchor_for_figure(app):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<figcaption>\n<p><span class="caption-text">The caption of pic</span>'
+            '<a class="headerlink" href="#id1" title="Link to this image">¶</a></p>\n</figcaption>'
+            in content)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='directives-raw')
+def test_html_raw_directive(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # standard case
+    assert 'standalone raw directive (HTML)' in result
+    assert 'standalone raw directive (LaTeX)' not in result
+
+    # with substitution
+    assert '<p>HTML: abc def ghi</p>' in result
+    assert '<p>LaTeX: abc  ghi</p>' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("expect", [
+    (".//link[@href='_static/persistent.css']"
+     "[@rel='stylesheet']", '', True),
+    (".//link[@href='_static/default.css']"
+     "[@rel='stylesheet']"
+     "[@title='Default']", '', True),
+    (".//link[@href='_static/alternate1.css']"
+     "[@rel='alternate stylesheet']"
+     "[@title='Alternate']", '', True),
+    (".//link[@href='_static/alternate2.css']"
+     "[@rel='alternate stylesheet']", '', True),
+    (".//link[@href='_static/more_persistent.css']"
+     "[@rel='stylesheet']", '', True),
+    (".//link[@href='_static/more_default.css']"
+     "[@rel='stylesheet']"
+     "[@title='Default']", '', True),
+    (".//link[@href='_static/more_alternate1.css']"
+     "[@rel='alternate stylesheet']"
+     "[@title='Alternate']", '', True),
+    (".//link[@href='_static/more_alternate2.css']"
+     "[@rel='alternate stylesheet']", '', True),
+])
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='stylesheets')
+def test_alternate_stylesheets(app, cached_etree_parse, expect):
+    app.build()
+    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / 'index.html'), 'index.html', *expect)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='html_style')
+def test_html_style(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/default.css" />' in result
+    assert ('<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/alabaster.css" />'
+            not in result)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic')
+def test_html_sidebar(app, status, warning):
+    ctx = {}
+
+    # default for alabaster
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" '
+            'aria-label="main navigation">' in result)
+    assert '<h1 class="logo"><a href="#">Python</a></h1>' in result
+    assert '<h3>Navigation</h3>' in result
+    assert '<h3>Related Topics</h3>' in result
+    assert '<h3 id="searchlabel">Quick search</h3>' in result
+
+    app.builder.add_sidebars('index', ctx)
+    assert ctx['sidebars'] == ['about.html', 'navigation.html', 'relations.html',
+                               'searchbox.html', 'donate.html']
+
+    # only relations.html
+    app.config.html_sidebars = {'**': ['relations.html']}
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" '
+            'aria-label="main navigation">' in result)
+    assert '<h1 class="logo"><a href="#">Python</a></h1>' not in result
+    assert '<h3>Navigation</h3>' not in result
+    assert '<h3>Related Topics</h3>' in result
+    assert '<h3 id="searchlabel">Quick search</h3>' not in result
+
+    app.builder.add_sidebars('index', ctx)
+    assert ctx['sidebars'] == ['relations.html']
+
+    # no sidebars
+    app.config.html_sidebars = {'**': []}
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" '
+            'aria-label="main navigation">' not in result)
+    assert '<h1 class="logo"><a href="#">Python</a></h1>' not in result
+    assert '<h3>Navigation</h3>' not in result
+    assert '<h3>Related Topics</h3>' not in result
+    assert '<h3 id="searchlabel">Quick search</h3>' not in result
+
+    app.builder.add_sidebars('index', ctx)
+    assert ctx['sidebars'] == []
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "expect"), [
+    ('index.html', (".//h1/em/a[@href='https://example.com/cp.1']", '', True)),
+    ('index.html', (".//em/a[@href='https://example.com/man.1']", '', True)),
+    ('index.html', (".//em/a[@href='https://example.com/ls.1']", '', True)),
+    ('index.html', (".//em/a[@href='https://example.com/sphinx.']", '', True)),
+])
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='manpage_url', confoverrides={
+    'manpages_url': 'https://example.com/{page}.{section}'})
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_manpage_url')
+def test_html_manpage(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, expect):
+    app.build()
+    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, *expect)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='toctree-glob',
+                    confoverrides={'html_baseurl': 'https://example.com/'})
+def test_html_baseurl(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<link rel="canonical" href="https://example.com/index.html" />' in result
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'qux' / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<link rel="canonical" href="https://example.com/qux/index.html" />' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='toctree-glob',
+                    confoverrides={'html_baseurl': 'https://example.com/subdir',
+                                   'html_file_suffix': '.htm'})
+def test_html_baseurl_and_html_file_suffix(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.htm').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<link rel="canonical" href="https://example.com/subdir/index.htm" />' in result
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'qux' / 'index.htm').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<link rel="canonical" href="https://example.com/subdir/qux/index.htm" />' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='basic', srcdir='validate_html_extra_path')
+def test_validate_html_extra_path(app):
+    (app.confdir / '_static').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    app.config.html_extra_path = [
+        '/path/to/not_found',       # not found
+        '_static',
+        app.outdir,                 # outdir
+        app.outdir / '_static',     # inside outdir
+    ]
+    with pytest.warns(RemovedInSphinx80Warning, match='Use "pathlib.Path" or "os.fspath" instead'):
+        validate_html_extra_path(app, app.config)
+    assert app.config.html_extra_path == ['_static']
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='basic', srcdir='validate_html_static_path')
+def test_validate_html_static_path(app):
+    (app.confdir / '_static').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    app.config.html_static_path = [
+        '/path/to/not_found',       # not found
+        '_static',
+        app.outdir,                 # outdir
+        app.outdir / '_static',     # inside outdir
+    ]
+    with pytest.warns(RemovedInSphinx80Warning, match='Use "pathlib.Path" or "os.fspath" instead'):
+        validate_html_static_path(app, app.config)
+    assert app.config.html_static_path == ['_static']
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'html_permalinks': False})
+def test_html_permalink_disable(app):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    assert '<h1>The basic Sphinx documentation for testing</h1>' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'html_permalinks_icon': '<span>[PERMALINK]</span>'})
+def test_html_permalink_icon(app):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    assert ('<h1>The basic Sphinx documentation for testing<a class="headerlink" '
+            'href="#the-basic-sphinx-documentation-for-testing" '
+            'title="Link to this heading"><span>[PERMALINK]</span></a></h1>' in content)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='html_signaturereturn_icon')
+def test_html_signaturereturn_icon(app):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    assert ('<span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span>' in content)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='root', srcdir=os.urandom(4).hex())
+def test_html_remove_sources_before_write_gh_issue_10786(app, warning):
+    # see:  https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/10786
+    target = app.srcdir / 'img.png'
+
+    def handler(app):
+        assert target.exists()
+        target.unlink()
+        return []
+
+    app.connect('html-collect-pages', handler)
+    assert target.exists()
+    app.build()
+    assert not target.exists()
+
+    ws = strip_colors(warning.getvalue()).splitlines()
+    assert len(ws) >= 1
+
+    file = os.fsdecode(target)
+    assert f'WARNING: cannot copy image file {file!r}: {file!s} does not exist' == ws[-1]
diff --git a/tests/test_builders/test_build_html_5_output.py b/tests/test_builders/test_build_html_5_output.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ece6f49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_builders/test_build_html_5_output.py
@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+"""Test the HTML builder and check output against XPath."""
+
+import re
+
+import pytest
+
+from tests.test_builders.xpath_util import check_xpath
+
+
+def tail_check(check):
+    rex = re.compile(check)
+
+    def checker(nodes):
+        for node in nodes:
+            if node.tail and rex.search(node.tail):
+                return True
+        msg = f'{check!r} not found in tail of any nodes {nodes}'
+        raise AssertionError(msg)
+    return checker
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "path", "check"), [
+    ('images.html', ".//img[@src='_images/img.png']", ''),
+    ('images.html', ".//img[@src='_images/img1.png']", ''),
+    ('images.html', ".//img[@src='_images/simg.png']", ''),
+    ('images.html', ".//img[@src='_images/svgimg.svg']", ''),
+    ('images.html', ".//a[@href='_sources/images.txt']", ''),
+
+    ('subdir/images.html', ".//img[@src='../_images/img1.png']", ''),
+    ('subdir/images.html', ".//img[@src='../_images/rimg.png']", ''),
+
+    ('subdir/includes.html', ".//a[@class='reference download internal']", ''),
+    ('subdir/includes.html', ".//img[@src='../_images/img.png']", ''),
+    ('subdir/includes.html', ".//p", 'This is an include file.'),
+    ('subdir/includes.html', ".//pre/span", 'line 1'),
+    ('subdir/includes.html', ".//pre/span", 'line 2'),
+
+    ('includes.html', ".//pre", 'Max Strauß'),
+    ('includes.html', ".//a[@class='reference download internal']", ''),
+    ('includes.html', ".//pre/span", '"quotes"'),
+    ('includes.html', ".//pre/span", "'included'"),
+    ('includes.html', ".//pre/span[@class='s2']", 'üöä'),
+    ('includes.html', ".//div[@class='inc-pyobj1 highlight-text notranslate']//pre",
+     r'^class Foo:\n    pass\n\s*$'),
+    ('includes.html', ".//div[@class='inc-pyobj2 highlight-text notranslate']//pre",
+     r'^    def baz\(\):\n        pass\n\s*$'),
+    ('includes.html', ".//div[@class='inc-lines highlight-text notranslate']//pre",
+     r'^class Foo:\n    pass\nclass Bar:\n$'),
+    ('includes.html', ".//div[@class='inc-startend highlight-text notranslate']//pre",
+     '^foo = "Including Unicode characters: üöä"\\n$'),
+    ('includes.html', ".//div[@class='inc-preappend highlight-text notranslate']//pre",
+     r'(?m)^START CODE$'),
+    ('includes.html', ".//div[@class='inc-pyobj-dedent highlight-python notranslate']//span",
+     r'def'),
+    ('includes.html', ".//div[@class='inc-tab3 highlight-text notranslate']//pre",
+     r'-| |-'),
+    ('includes.html', ".//div[@class='inc-tab8 highlight-python notranslate']//pre/span",
+     r'-|      |-'),
+
+    ('autodoc.html', ".//dl[@class='py class']/dt[@id='autodoc_target.Class']", ''),
+    ('autodoc.html', ".//dl[@class='py function']/dt[@id='autodoc_target.function']/em/span/span", r'\*\*'),
+    ('autodoc.html', ".//dl[@class='py function']/dt[@id='autodoc_target.function']/em/span/span", r'kwds'),
+    ('autodoc.html', ".//dd/p", r'Return spam\.'),
+
+    ('extapi.html', ".//strong", 'from class: Bar'),
+
+    ('markup.html', ".//title", 'set by title directive'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//p/em", 'Section author: Georg Brandl'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//p/em", 'Module author: Georg Brandl'),
+    # created by the meta directive
+    ('markup.html', ".//meta[@name='author'][@content='Me']", ''),
+    ('markup.html', ".//meta[@name='keywords'][@content='docs, sphinx']", ''),
+    # a label created by ``.. _label:``
+    ('markup.html', ".//div[@id='label']", ''),
+    # code with standard code blocks
+    ('markup.html', ".//pre", '^some code$'),
+    # an option list
+    ('markup.html', ".//span[@class='option']", '--help'),
+    # admonitions
+    ('markup.html', ".//p[@class='admonition-title']", 'My Admonition'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//div[@class='admonition note']/p", 'Note text.'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//div[@class='admonition warning']/p", 'Warning text.'),
+    # inline markup
+    ('markup.html', ".//li/p/strong", r'^command\\n$'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//li/p/strong", r'^program\\n$'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//li/p/em", r'^dfn\\n$'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//li/p/kbd", r'^kbd\\n$'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//li/p/span", 'File \N{TRIANGULAR BULLET} Close'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//li/p/code/span[@class='pre']", '^a/$'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//li/p/code/em/span[@class='pre']", '^varpart$'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//li/p/code/em/span[@class='pre']", '^i$'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//a[@href='https://peps.python.org/pep-0008/']"
+     "[@class='pep reference external']/strong", 'PEP 8'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//a[@href='https://peps.python.org/pep-0008/']"
+     "[@class='pep reference external']/strong",
+     'Python Enhancement Proposal #8'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//a[@href='https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1.html']"
+     "[@class='rfc reference external']/strong", 'RFC 1'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//a[@href='https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1.html']"
+     "[@class='rfc reference external']/strong", 'Request for Comments #1'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//a[@href='objects.html#envvar-HOME']"
+     "[@class='reference internal']/code/span[@class='pre']", 'HOME'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//a[@href='#with']"
+     "[@class='reference internal']/code/span[@class='pre']", '^with$'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//a[@href='#grammar-token-try_stmt']"
+     "[@class='reference internal']/code/span", '^statement$'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//a[@href='#some-label'][@class='reference internal']/span", '^here$'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//a[@href='#some-label'][@class='reference internal']/span", '^there$'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//a[@href='subdir/includes.html']"
+     "[@class='reference internal']/span", 'Including in subdir'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//a[@href='objects.html#cmdoption-python-c']"
+     "[@class='reference internal']/code/span[@class='pre']", '-c'),
+    # abbreviations
+    ('markup.html', ".//abbr[@title='abbreviation']", '^abbr$'),
+    # version stuff
+    ('markup.html', ".//div[@class='versionadded']/p/span", 'Added in version 0.6: '),
+    ('markup.html', ".//div[@class='versionadded']/p/span",
+     tail_check('First paragraph of versionadded')),
+    ('markup.html', ".//div[@class='versionchanged']/p/span",
+     tail_check('First paragraph of versionchanged')),
+    ('markup.html', ".//div[@class='versionchanged']/p",
+     'Second paragraph of versionchanged'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//div[@class='versionremoved']/p/span", 'Removed in version 0.6: '),
+    # footnote reference
+    ('markup.html', ".//a[@class='footnote-reference brackets']", r'1'),
+    # created by reference lookup
+    ('markup.html', ".//a[@href='index.html#ref1']", ''),
+    # ``seealso`` directive
+    ('markup.html', ".//div/p[@class='admonition-title']", 'See also'),
+    # a ``hlist`` directive
+    ('markup.html', ".//table[@class='hlist']/tr/td/ul/li/p", '^This$'),
+    # a ``centered`` directive
+    ('markup.html', ".//p[@class='centered']/strong", 'LICENSE'),
+    # a glossary
+    ('markup.html', ".//dl/dt[@id='term-boson']", 'boson'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//dl/dt[@id='term-boson']/a", '¶'),
+    # a production list
+    ('markup.html', ".//pre/strong", 'try_stmt'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//pre/a[@href='#grammar-token-try1_stmt']/code/span", 'try1_stmt'),
+    # tests for ``only`` directive
+    ('markup.html', ".//p", 'A global substitution!'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//p", 'In HTML.'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//p", 'In both.'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//p", 'Always present'),
+    # tests for ``any`` role
+    ('markup.html', ".//a[@href='#with']/span", 'headings'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//a[@href='objects.html#func_without_body']/code/span", 'objects'),
+    # tests for numeric labels
+    ('markup.html', ".//a[@href='#id1'][@class='reference internal']/span", 'Testing various markup'),
+    # tests for smartypants
+    ('markup.html', ".//li/p", 'Smart “quotes” in English ‘text’.'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//li/p", 'Smart — long and – short dashes.'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//li/p", 'Ellipsis…'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//li/p/code/span[@class='pre']", 'foo--"bar"...'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//p", 'Этот «абзац» должен использовать „русские“ кавычки.'),
+    ('markup.html', ".//p", 'Il dit : « C’est “super” ! »'),
+
+    ('objects.html', ".//dt[@id='mod.Cls.meth1']", ''),
+    ('objects.html', ".//dt[@id='errmod.Error']", ''),
+    ('objects.html', ".//dt/span[@class='sig-name descname']/span[@class='pre']", r'long\(parameter,'),
+    ('objects.html', ".//dt/span[@class='sig-name descname']/span[@class='pre']", r'list\)'),
+    ('objects.html', ".//dt/span[@class='sig-name descname']/span[@class='pre']", 'another'),
+    ('objects.html', ".//dt/span[@class='sig-name descname']/span[@class='pre']", 'one'),
+    ('objects.html', ".//a[@href='#mod.Cls'][@class='reference internal']", ''),
+    ('objects.html', ".//dl[@class='std userdesc']", ''),
+    ('objects.html', ".//dt[@id='userdesc-myobj']", ''),
+    ('objects.html', ".//a[@href='#userdesc-myobj'][@class='reference internal']", ''),
+    # docfields
+    ('objects.html', ".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#TimeInt']/em", 'TimeInt'),
+    ('objects.html', ".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#Time']", 'Time'),
+    ('objects.html', ".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#errmod.Error']/strong", 'Error'),
+    # C references
+    ('objects.html', ".//span[@class='pre']", 'CFunction()'),
+    ('objects.html', ".//a[@href='#c.Sphinx_DoSomething']", ''),
+    ('objects.html', ".//a[@href='#c.SphinxStruct.member']", ''),
+    ('objects.html', ".//a[@href='#c.SPHINX_USE_PYTHON']", ''),
+    ('objects.html', ".//a[@href='#c.SphinxType']", ''),
+    ('objects.html', ".//a[@href='#c.sphinx_global']", ''),
+    # test global TOC created by toctree()
+    ('objects.html', ".//ul[@class='current']/li[@class='toctree-l1 current']/a[@href='#']",
+     'Testing object descriptions'),
+    ('objects.html', ".//li[@class='toctree-l1']/a[@href='markup.html']",
+     'Testing various markup'),
+    # test unknown field names
+    ('objects.html', ".//dt[@class='field-odd']", 'Field_name'),
+    ('objects.html', ".//dt[@class='field-even']", 'Field_name all lower'),
+    ('objects.html', ".//dt[@class='field-odd']", 'FIELD_NAME'),
+    ('objects.html', ".//dt[@class='field-even']", 'FIELD_NAME ALL CAPS'),
+    ('objects.html', ".//dt[@class='field-odd']", 'Field_Name'),
+    ('objects.html', ".//dt[@class='field-even']", 'Field_Name All Word Caps'),
+    # ('objects.html', ".//dt[@class='field-odd']", 'Field_name'), (duplicate)
+    ('objects.html', ".//dt[@class='field-even']", 'Field_name First word cap'),
+    ('objects.html', ".//dt[@class='field-odd']", 'FIELd_name'),
+    ('objects.html', ".//dt[@class='field-even']", 'FIELd_name PARTial caps'),
+    # custom sidebar
+    ('objects.html', ".//h4", 'Custom sidebar'),
+    # docfields
+    ('objects.html', ".//dd[@class='field-odd']/p/strong", '^moo$'),
+    ('objects.html', ".//dd[@class='field-odd']/p/strong", tail_check(r'\(Moo\) .* Moo')),
+    ('objects.html', ".//dd[@class='field-odd']/ul/li/p/strong", '^hour$'),
+    ('objects.html', ".//dd[@class='field-odd']/ul/li/p/em", '^DuplicateType$'),
+    ('objects.html', ".//dd[@class='field-odd']/ul/li/p/em", tail_check(r'.* Some parameter')),
+    # others
+    ('objects.html', ".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-perl-arg-p']/code/span",
+     'perl'),
+    ('objects.html', ".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-perl-arg-p']/code/span",
+     '\\+p'),
+    ('objects.html', ".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-perl-ObjC']/code/span",
+     '--ObjC\\+\\+'),
+    ('objects.html', ".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-perl-plugin.option']/code/span",
+     '--plugin.option'),
+    ('objects.html', ".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-perl-arg-create-auth-token']"
+     "/code/span",
+     'create-auth-token'),
+    ('objects.html', ".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-perl-arg-arg']/code/span",
+     'arg'),
+    ('objects.html', ".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-perl-j']/code/span",
+     '-j'),
+    ('objects.html', ".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-hg-arg-commit']/code/span",
+     'hg'),
+    ('objects.html', ".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-hg-arg-commit']/code/span",
+     'commit'),
+    ('objects.html', ".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-git-commit-p']/code/span",
+     'git'),
+    ('objects.html', ".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-git-commit-p']/code/span",
+     'commit'),
+    ('objects.html', ".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-git-commit-p']/code/span",
+     '-p'),
+
+    ('index.html', ".//meta[@name='hc'][@content='hcval']", ''),
+    ('index.html', ".//meta[@name='hc_co'][@content='hcval_co']", ''),
+    ('index.html', ".//li[@class='toctree-l1']/a", 'Testing various markup'),
+    ('index.html', ".//li[@class='toctree-l2']/a", 'Inline markup'),
+    ('index.html', ".//title", 'Sphinx <Tests>'),
+    ('index.html', ".//div[@class='footer']", 'copyright text credits'),
+    ('index.html', ".//a[@href='https://python.org/']"
+     "[@class='reference external']", ''),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a[@href='genindex.html']/span", 'Index'),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a[@href='py-modindex.html']/span", 'Module Index'),
+    # custom sidebar only for contents
+    ('index.html', ".//h4", 'Contents sidebar'),
+    # custom JavaScript
+    ('index.html', ".//script[@src='file://moo.js']", ''),
+    # URL in contents
+    ('index.html', ".//a[@class='reference external'][@href='https://sphinx-doc.org/']",
+     'https://sphinx-doc.org/'),
+    ('index.html', ".//a[@class='reference external'][@href='https://sphinx-doc.org/latest/']",
+     'Latest reference'),
+    # Indirect hyperlink targets across files
+    ('index.html', ".//a[@href='markup.html#some-label'][@class='reference internal']/span",
+     '^indirect hyperref$'),
+
+    ('bom.html', ".//title", " File with UTF-8 BOM"),
+
+    ('extensions.html', ".//a[@href='https://python.org/dev/']", "https://python.org/dev/"),
+    ('extensions.html', ".//a[@href='https://bugs.python.org/issue1000']", "issue 1000"),
+    ('extensions.html', ".//a[@href='https://bugs.python.org/issue1042']", "explicit caption"),
+
+    # index entries
+    ('genindex.html', ".//a/strong", "Main"),
+    ('genindex.html', ".//a/strong", "[1]"),
+    ('genindex.html', ".//a/strong", "Other"),
+    ('genindex.html', ".//a", "entry"),
+    ('genindex.html', ".//li/a", "double"),
+
+    ('otherext.html', ".//h1", "Generated section"),
+    ('otherext.html', ".//a[@href='_sources/otherext.foo.txt']", ''),
+
+    ('search.html', ".//meta[@name='robots'][@content='noindex']", ''),
+])
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', tags=['testtag'],
+                    confoverrides={'html_context.hckey_co': 'hcval_co'})
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_output')
+def test_html5_output(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, path, check):
+    app.build()
+    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, path, check)
diff --git a/tests/test_builders/test_build_html_assets.py b/tests/test_builders/test_build_html_assets.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc7a987
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_builders/test_build_html_assets.py
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+"""Test the HTML builder and check output against XPath."""
+
+import re
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+import sphinx.builders.html
+from sphinx.builders.html._assets import _file_checksum
+from sphinx.errors import ThemeError
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='html_assets')
+def test_html_assets(app):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    # exclude_path and its family
+    assert not (app.outdir / 'static' / 'index.html').exists()
+    assert not (app.outdir / 'extra' / 'index.html').exists()
+
+    # html_static_path
+    assert not (app.outdir / '_static' / '.htaccess').exists()
+    assert not (app.outdir / '_static' / '.htpasswd').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / '_static' / 'API.html').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / '_static' / 'API.html').read_text(encoding='utf8') == 'Sphinx-1.4.4'
+    assert (app.outdir / '_static' / 'css' / 'style.css').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / '_static' / 'js' / 'custom.js').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / '_static' / 'rimg.png').exists()
+    assert not (app.outdir / '_static' / '_build' / 'index.html').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / '_static' / 'background.png').exists()
+    assert not (app.outdir / '_static' / 'subdir' / '.htaccess').exists()
+    assert not (app.outdir / '_static' / 'subdir' / '.htpasswd').exists()
+
+    # html_extra_path
+    assert (app.outdir / '.htaccess').exists()
+    assert not (app.outdir / '.htpasswd').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / 'API.html_t').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / 'css/style.css').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / 'rimg.png').exists()
+    assert not (app.outdir / '_build' / 'index.html').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / 'background.png').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / 'subdir' / '.htaccess').exists()
+    assert not (app.outdir / 'subdir' / '.htpasswd').exists()
+
+    # html_css_files
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/css/style.css" />' in content
+    assert ('<link media="print" rel="stylesheet" title="title" type="text/css" '
+            'href="https://example.com/custom.css" />' in content)
+
+    # html_js_files
+    assert '<script src="_static/js/custom.js"></script>' in content
+    assert ('<script async="async" src="https://example.com/script.js">'
+            '</script>' in content)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='html_assets')
+def test_assets_order(app, monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sphinx.builders.html, '_file_checksum', lambda o, f: '')
+
+    app.add_css_file('normal.css')
+    app.add_css_file('early.css', priority=100)
+    app.add_css_file('late.css', priority=750)
+    app.add_css_file('lazy.css', priority=900)
+    app.add_js_file('normal.js')
+    app.add_js_file('early.js', priority=100)
+    app.add_js_file('late.js', priority=750)
+    app.add_js_file('lazy.js', priority=900)
+
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # css_files
+    expected = [
+        '_static/early.css',
+        '_static/pygments.css',
+        '_static/alabaster.css',
+        'https://example.com/custom.css',
+        '_static/normal.css',
+        '_static/late.css',
+        '_static/css/style.css',
+        '_static/lazy.css',
+    ]
+    pattern = '.*'.join(f'href="{re.escape(f)}"' for f in expected)
+    assert re.search(pattern, content, re.DOTALL), content
+
+    # js_files
+    expected = [
+        '_static/early.js',
+        '_static/doctools.js',
+        '_static/sphinx_highlight.js',
+        'https://example.com/script.js',
+        '_static/normal.js',
+        '_static/late.js',
+        '_static/js/custom.js',
+        '_static/lazy.js',
+    ]
+    pattern = '.*'.join(f'src="{re.escape(f)}"' for f in expected)
+    assert re.search(pattern, content, re.DOTALL), content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='html_file_checksum')
+def test_file_checksum(app):
+    app.add_css_file('stylesheet-a.css')
+    app.add_css_file('stylesheet-b.css')
+    app.add_css_file('https://example.com/custom.css')
+    app.add_js_file('script.js')
+    app.add_js_file('empty.js')
+    app.add_js_file('https://example.com/script.js')
+
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # checksum for local files
+    assert '<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/stylesheet-a.css?v=e575b6df" />' in content
+    assert '<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/stylesheet-b.css?v=a2d5cc0f" />' in content
+    assert '<script src="_static/script.js?v=48278d48"></script>' in content
+
+    # empty files have no checksum
+    assert '<script src="_static/empty.js"></script>' in content
+
+    # no checksum for hyperlinks
+    assert '<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://example.com/custom.css" />' in content
+    assert '<script src="https://example.com/script.js"></script>' in content
+
+
+def test_file_checksum_query_string():
+    with pytest.raises(ThemeError, match='Local asset file paths must not contain query strings'):
+        _file_checksum(Path(), 'with_query_string.css?dead_parrots=1')
+
+    with pytest.raises(ThemeError, match='Local asset file paths must not contain query strings'):
+        _file_checksum(Path(), 'with_query_string.js?dead_parrots=1')
+
+    with pytest.raises(ThemeError, match='Local asset file paths must not contain query strings'):
+        _file_checksum(Path.cwd(), '_static/with_query_string.css?dead_parrots=1')
+
+    with pytest.raises(ThemeError, match='Local asset file paths must not contain query strings'):
+        _file_checksum(Path.cwd(), '_static/with_query_string.js?dead_parrots=1')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='html_assets')
+def test_javscript_loading_method(app):
+    app.add_js_file('normal.js')
+    app.add_js_file('early.js', loading_method='async')
+    app.add_js_file('late.js', loading_method='defer')
+
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    assert '<script src="_static/normal.js"></script>' in content
+    assert '<script async="async" src="_static/early.js"></script>' in content
+    assert '<script defer="defer" src="_static/late.js"></script>' in content
diff --git a/tests/test_builders/test_build_html_code.py b/tests/test_builders/test_build_html_code.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f07eb97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_builders/test_build_html_code.py
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='reST-code-block',
+                    confoverrides={'html_codeblock_linenos_style': 'table'})
+def test_html_codeblock_linenos_style_table(app):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    assert ('<div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>\n'
+            '<span class="normal">2</span>\n'
+            '<span class="normal">3</span>\n'
+            '<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div>') in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='reST-code-block',
+                    confoverrides={'html_codeblock_linenos_style': 'inline'})
+def test_html_codeblock_linenos_style_inline(app):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    assert '<span class="linenos">1</span>' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='reST-code-role')
+def test_html_code_role(app):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    common_content = (
+        '<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">foo</span>'
+        '<span class="p">(</span>'
+        '<span class="mi">1</span> '
+        '<span class="o">+</span> '
+        '<span class="mi">2</span> '
+        '<span class="o">+</span> '
+        '<span class="kc">None</span> '
+        '<span class="o">+</span> '
+        '<span class="s2">&quot;abc&quot;</span>'
+        '<span class="p">):</span> '
+        '<span class="k">pass</span>')
+    assert ('<p>Inline <code class="code highlight python docutils literal highlight-python">' +
+            common_content + '</code> code block</p>') in content
+    assert ('<div class="highlight-python notranslate">' +
+            '<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>' +
+            common_content) in content
diff --git a/tests/test_builders/test_build_html_download.py b/tests/test_builders/test_build_html_download.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1201c66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_builders/test_build_html_download.py
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import hashlib
+import re
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_output')
+def test_html_download(app):
+    app.build()
+
+    # subdir/includes.html
+    result = (app.outdir / 'subdir' / 'includes.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    pattern = ('<a class="reference download internal" download="" '
+               'href="../(_downloads/.*/img.png)">')
+    matched = re.search(pattern, result)
+    assert matched
+    assert (app.outdir / matched.group(1)).exists()
+    filename = matched.group(1)
+
+    # includes.html
+    result = (app.outdir / 'includes.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    pattern = ('<a class="reference download internal" download="" '
+               'href="(_downloads/.*/img.png)">')
+    matched = re.search(pattern, result)
+    assert matched
+    assert (app.outdir / matched.group(1)).exists()
+    assert matched.group(1) == filename
+
+    pattern = ('<a class="reference download internal" download="" '
+               'href="(_downloads/.*/)(file_with_special_%23_chars.xyz)">')
+    matched = re.search(pattern, result)
+    assert matched
+    assert (app.outdir / matched.group(1) / "file_with_special_#_chars.xyz").exists()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='roles-download')
+def test_html_download_role(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    digest = hashlib.md5(b'dummy.dat', usedforsecurity=False).hexdigest()
+    assert (app.outdir / '_downloads' / digest / 'dummy.dat').exists()
+    digest_another = hashlib.md5(b'another/dummy.dat', usedforsecurity=False).hexdigest()
+    assert (app.outdir / '_downloads' / digest_another / 'dummy.dat').exists()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert (('<li><p><a class="reference download internal" download="" '
+             'href="_downloads/%s/dummy.dat">'
+             '<code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate">'
+             '<span class="pre">dummy.dat</span></code></a></p></li>' % digest)
+            in content)
+    assert (('<li><p><a class="reference download internal" download="" '
+             'href="_downloads/%s/dummy.dat">'
+             '<code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate">'
+             '<span class="pre">another/dummy.dat</span></code></a></p></li>' %
+             digest_another) in content)
+    assert ('<li><p><code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate">'
+            '<span class="pre">not_found.dat</span></code></p></li>' in content)
+    assert ('<li><p><a class="reference download external" download="" '
+            'href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/_static/sphinx-logo.svg">'
+            '<code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate">'
+            '<span class="pre">Sphinx</span> <span class="pre">logo</span>'
+            '</code></a></p></li>' in content)
diff --git a/tests/test_builders/test_build_html_highlight.py b/tests/test_builders/test_build_html_highlight.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aee1ece
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_builders/test_build_html_highlight.py
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+from unittest.mock import ANY, call, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic')
+def test_html_pygments_style_default(app):
+    style = app.builder.highlighter.formatter_args.get('style')
+    assert style.__name__ == 'Alabaster'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'pygments_style': 'sphinx'})
+def test_html_pygments_style_manually(app):
+    style = app.builder.highlighter.formatter_args.get('style')
+    assert style.__name__ == 'SphinxStyle'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'html_theme': 'classic'})
+def test_html_pygments_for_classic_theme(app):
+    style = app.builder.highlighter.formatter_args.get('style')
+    assert style.__name__ == 'SphinxStyle'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic')
+def test_html_dark_pygments_style_default(app):
+    assert app.builder.dark_highlighter is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='highlight_options')
+def test_highlight_options(app):
+    subject = app.builder.highlighter
+    with patch.object(subject, 'highlight_block', wraps=subject.highlight_block) as highlight:
+        app.build()
+
+        call_args = highlight.call_args_list
+        assert len(call_args) == 3
+        assert call_args[0] == call(ANY, 'default', force=False, linenos=False,
+                                    location=ANY, opts={'default_option': True})
+        assert call_args[1] == call(ANY, 'python', force=False, linenos=False,
+                                    location=ANY, opts={'python_option': True})
+        assert call_args[2] == call(ANY, 'java', force=False, linenos=False,
+                                    location=ANY, opts={})
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='highlight_options',
+                    confoverrides={'highlight_options': {'default_option': True}})
+def test_highlight_options_old(app):
+    subject = app.builder.highlighter
+    with patch.object(subject, 'highlight_block', wraps=subject.highlight_block) as highlight:
+        app.build()
+
+        call_args = highlight.call_args_list
+        assert len(call_args) == 3
+        assert call_args[0] == call(ANY, 'default', force=False, linenos=False,
+                                    location=ANY, opts={'default_option': True})
+        assert call_args[1] == call(ANY, 'python', force=False, linenos=False,
+                                    location=ANY, opts={})
+        assert call_args[2] == call(ANY, 'java', force=False, linenos=False,
+                                    location=ANY, opts={})
diff --git a/tests/test_builders/test_build_html_image.py b/tests/test_builders/test_build_html_image.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08ed618
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_builders/test_build_html_image.py
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+import re
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import docutils
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='images')
+def test_html_remote_images(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<img alt="http://localhost:7777/sphinx.png" '
+            'src="http://localhost:7777/sphinx.png" />' in result)
+    assert not (app.outdir / 'sphinx.png').exists()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='image-escape')
+def test_html_encoded_image(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<img alt="_images/img_%231.png" src="_images/img_%231.png" />' in result)
+    assert (app.outdir / '_images/img_#1.png').exists()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='remote-logo')
+def test_html_remote_logo(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<img class="logo" src="https://www.python.org/static/img/python-logo.png" alt="Logo"/>' in result)
+    assert ('<link rel="icon" href="https://www.python.org/static/favicon.ico"/>' in result)
+    assert not (app.outdir / 'python-logo.png').exists()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='local-logo')
+def test_html_local_logo(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<img class="logo" src="_static/img.png" alt="Logo"/>' in result)
+    assert (app.outdir / '_static/img.png').exists()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='html_scaled_image_link')
+def test_html_scaled_image_link(app):
+    app.build()
+    context = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # no scaled parameters
+    assert re.search('\n<img alt="_images/img.png" src="_images/img.png" />', context)
+
+    # scaled_image_link
+    # Docutils 0.21 adds a newline before the closing </a> tag
+    closing_space = "\n" if docutils.__version_info__[:2] >= (0, 21) else ""
+    assert re.search('\n<a class="reference internal image-reference" href="_images/img.png">'
+                     '<img alt="_images/img.png" src="_images/img.png" style="[^"]+" />'
+                     f'{closing_space}</a>',
+                     context)
+
+    # no-scaled-link class disables the feature
+    assert re.search('\n<img alt="_images/img.png" class="no-scaled-link"'
+                     ' src="_images/img.png" style="[^"]+" />',
+                     context)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='images')
+def test_copy_images(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    images_dir = Path(app.outdir) / '_images'
+    images = {image.name for image in images_dir.rglob('*')}
+    assert images == {
+        'img.png',
+        'rimg.png',
+        'rimg1.png',
+        'svgimg.svg',
+        'testimäge.png',
+    }
diff --git a/tests/test_builders/test_build_html_maths.py b/tests/test_builders/test_build_html_maths.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..900846b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_builders/test_build_html_maths.py
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.errors import ConfigError
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic')
+def test_default_html_math_renderer(app, status, warning):
+    assert app.builder.math_renderer_name == 'mathjax'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax']})
+def test_html_math_renderer_is_mathjax(app, status, warning):
+    assert app.builder.math_renderer_name == 'mathjax'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.imgmath']})
+def test_html_math_renderer_is_imgmath(app, status, warning):
+    assert app.builder.math_renderer_name == 'imgmath'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinxcontrib.jsmath',
+                                                  'sphinx.ext.imgmath']})
+def test_html_math_renderer_is_duplicated(make_app, app_params):
+    args, kwargs = app_params
+    with pytest.raises(
+        ConfigError,
+        match='Many math_renderers are registered. But no math_renderer is selected.',
+    ):
+        make_app(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.imgmath',
+                                                  'sphinx.ext.mathjax']})
+def test_html_math_renderer_is_duplicated2(app, status, warning):
+    # case of both mathjax and another math_renderer is loaded
+    assert app.builder.math_renderer_name == 'imgmath'  # The another one is chosen
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinxcontrib.jsmath',
+                                                  'sphinx.ext.imgmath'],
+                                   'html_math_renderer': 'imgmath'})
+def test_html_math_renderer_is_chosen(app, status, warning):
+    assert app.builder.math_renderer_name == 'imgmath'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinxcontrib.jsmath',
+                                                  'sphinx.ext.mathjax'],
+                                   'html_math_renderer': 'imgmath'})
+def test_html_math_renderer_is_mismatched(make_app, app_params):
+    args, kwargs = app_params
+    with pytest.raises(ConfigError, match="Unknown math_renderer 'imgmath' is given."):
+        make_app(*args, **kwargs)
diff --git a/tests/test_builders/test_build_html_numfig.py b/tests/test_builders/test_build_html_numfig.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62e68cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_builders/test_build_html_numfig.py
@@ -0,0 +1,487 @@
+"""Test the HTML builder and check output against XPath."""
+
+import os
+import re
+
+import pytest
+
+from tests.test_builders.xpath_data import FIGURE_CAPTION
+from tests.test_builders.xpath_util import check_xpath
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='numfig')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_numfig')
+def test_numfig_disabled_warn(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    warnings = warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'index.rst:47: WARNING: numfig is disabled. :numref: is ignored.' in warnings
+    assert 'index.rst:56: WARNING: invalid numfig_format: invalid' not in warnings
+    assert 'index.rst:57: WARNING: invalid numfig_format: Fig %s %s' not in warnings
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "path", "check", "be_found"), [
+    ('index.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
+    ('index.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
+    ('index.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/code/span", '^fig1$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/code/span", '^Figure%s$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/code/span", '^table-1$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/code/span", '^Table:%s$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/code/span", '^CODE_1$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/code/span", '^Code-%s$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Section 1$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Section 2.1$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/code/span", '^Fig.{number}$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Sect.1 Foo$', True),
+
+    ('foo.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
+
+    ('bar.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
+
+    ('baz.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
+    ('baz.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
+    ('baz.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
+])
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='numfig')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_numfig')
+def test_numfig_disabled(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, path, check, be_found):
+    app.build()
+    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, path, check, be_found)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'html', testroot='numfig',
+    srcdir='test_numfig_without_numbered_toctree_warn',
+    confoverrides={'numfig': True})
+def test_numfig_without_numbered_toctree_warn(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    # remove :numbered: option
+    index = (app.srcdir / 'index.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    index = re.sub(':numbered:.*', '', index)
+    (app.srcdir / 'index.rst').write_text(index, encoding='utf8')
+    app.build()
+
+    warnings = warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'index.rst:47: WARNING: numfig is disabled. :numref: is ignored.' not in warnings
+    assert 'index.rst:55: WARNING: Failed to create a cross reference. Any number is not assigned: index' in warnings
+    assert 'index.rst:56: WARNING: invalid numfig_format: invalid' in warnings
+    assert 'index.rst:57: WARNING: invalid numfig_format: Fig %s %s' in warnings
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "path", "check", "be_found"), [
+    ('index.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 9 $', True),
+    ('index.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 10 $', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 9 $', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 10 $', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 9 $', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 10 $', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Fig. 9$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Figure6$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Table 9$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Table:6$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Listing 9$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Code-6$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/code/span", '^foo$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/code/span", '^bar_a$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Fig.9 should be Fig.1$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/code/span", '^Sect.{number}$', True),
+
+    ('foo.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 3 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 4 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 1 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 2 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 3 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 4 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 3 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 4 $', True),
+
+    ('bar.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 5 $', True),
+    ('bar.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 7 $', True),
+    ('bar.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 8 $', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 5 $', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 7 $', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 8 $', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 5 $', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 7 $', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 8 $', True),
+
+    ('baz.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 6 $', True),
+    ('baz.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 6 $', True),
+    ('baz.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 6 $', True),
+])
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'html', testroot='numfig',
+    srcdir='test_numfig_without_numbered_toctree',
+    confoverrides={'numfig': True})
+def test_numfig_without_numbered_toctree(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, path, check, be_found):
+    # remove :numbered: option
+    index = (app.srcdir / 'index.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    index = re.sub(':numbered:.*', '', index)
+    (app.srcdir / 'index.rst').write_text(index, encoding='utf8')
+
+    if not os.listdir(app.outdir):
+        app.build()
+    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, path, check, be_found)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='numfig', confoverrides={'numfig': True})
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_numfig_on')
+def test_numfig_with_numbered_toctree_warn(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    warnings = warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'index.rst:47: WARNING: numfig is disabled. :numref: is ignored.' not in warnings
+    assert 'index.rst:55: WARNING: Failed to create a cross reference. Any number is not assigned: index' in warnings
+    assert 'index.rst:56: WARNING: invalid numfig_format: invalid' in warnings
+    assert 'index.rst:57: WARNING: invalid numfig_format: Fig %s %s' in warnings
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "path", "check", "be_found"), [
+    ('index.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1 $', True),
+    ('index.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2 $', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 1 $', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 2 $', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1 $', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2 $', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Fig. 1$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Figure2.2$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Table 1$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Table:2.2$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Listing 1$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Code-2.2$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Section.1$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Section.2.1$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Fig.1 should be Fig.1$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Sect.1 Foo$', True),
+
+    ('foo.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.1 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.2 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.3 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.4 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 1.1 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 1.2 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 1.3 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 1.4 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.1 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.2 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.3 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.4 $', True),
+
+    ('bar.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.1 $', True),
+    ('bar.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.3 $', True),
+    ('bar.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.4 $', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 2.1 $', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 2.3 $', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 2.4 $', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.1 $', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.3 $', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.4 $', True),
+
+    ('baz.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.2 $', True),
+    ('baz.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 2.2 $', True),
+    ('baz.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.2 $', True),
+])
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='numfig', confoverrides={'numfig': True})
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_numfig_on')
+def test_numfig_with_numbered_toctree(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, path, check, be_found):
+    app.build()
+    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, path, check, be_found)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='numfig', confoverrides={
+    'numfig': True,
+    'numfig_format': {'figure': 'Figure:%s',
+                      'table': 'Tab_%s',
+                      'code-block': 'Code-%s',
+                      'section': 'SECTION-%s'}})
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_numfig_format_warn')
+def test_numfig_with_prefix_warn(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    warnings = warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'index.rst:47: WARNING: numfig is disabled. :numref: is ignored.' not in warnings
+    assert 'index.rst:55: WARNING: Failed to create a cross reference. Any number is not assigned: index' in warnings
+    assert 'index.rst:56: WARNING: invalid numfig_format: invalid' in warnings
+    assert 'index.rst:57: WARNING: invalid numfig_format: Fig %s %s' in warnings
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "path", "check", "be_found"), [
+    ('index.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Figure:1 $', True),
+    ('index.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Figure:2 $', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Tab_1 $', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Tab_2 $', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Code-1 $', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Code-2 $', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Figure:1$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Figure2.2$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Tab_1$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Table:2.2$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Code-1$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Code-2.2$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^SECTION-1$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^SECTION-2.1$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Fig.1 should be Fig.1$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Sect.1 Foo$', True),
+
+    ('foo.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Figure:1.1 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Figure:1.2 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Figure:1.3 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Figure:1.4 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Tab_1.1 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Tab_1.2 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Tab_1.3 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Tab_1.4 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Code-1.1 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Code-1.2 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Code-1.3 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Code-1.4 $', True),
+
+    ('bar.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Figure:2.1 $', True),
+    ('bar.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Figure:2.3 $', True),
+    ('bar.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Figure:2.4 $', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Tab_2.1 $', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Tab_2.3 $', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Tab_2.4 $', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Code-2.1 $', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Code-2.3 $', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Code-2.4 $', True),
+
+    ('baz.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Figure:2.2 $', True),
+    ('baz.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Tab_2.2 $', True),
+    ('baz.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Code-2.2 $', True),
+])
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='numfig',
+                    confoverrides={'numfig': True,
+                                   'numfig_format': {'figure': 'Figure:%s',
+                                                     'table': 'Tab_%s',
+                                                     'code-block': 'Code-%s',
+                                                     'section': 'SECTION-%s'}})
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_numfig_format_warn')
+def test_numfig_with_prefix(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, path, check, be_found):
+    app.build()
+    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, path, check, be_found)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='numfig',
+                    confoverrides={'numfig': True, 'numfig_secnum_depth': 2})
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_numfig_depth_2')
+def test_numfig_with_secnum_depth_warn(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    warnings = warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'index.rst:47: WARNING: numfig is disabled. :numref: is ignored.' not in warnings
+    assert 'index.rst:55: WARNING: Failed to create a cross reference. Any number is not assigned: index' in warnings
+    assert 'index.rst:56: WARNING: invalid numfig_format: invalid' in warnings
+    assert 'index.rst:57: WARNING: invalid numfig_format: Fig %s %s' in warnings
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "path", "check", "be_found"), [
+    ('index.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1 $', True),
+    ('index.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2 $', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 1 $', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 2 $', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1 $', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2 $', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Fig. 1$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Figure2.1.2$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Table 1$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Table:2.1.2$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Listing 1$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Code-2.1.2$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Section.1$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Section.2.1$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Fig.1 should be Fig.1$', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li/p/a/span", '^Sect.1 Foo$', True),
+
+    ('foo.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.1 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.1.1 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.1.2 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.2.1 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 1.1 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 1.1.1 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 1.1.2 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 1.2.1 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.1 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.1.1 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.1.2 $', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.2.1 $', True),
+
+    ('bar.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.1.1 $', True),
+    ('bar.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.1.3 $', True),
+    ('bar.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.2.1 $', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 2.1.1 $', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 2.1.3 $', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 2.2.1 $', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.1.1 $', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.1.3 $', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.2.1 $', True),
+
+    ('baz.html', FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.1.2 $', True),
+    ('baz.html', ".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 2.1.2 $', True),
+    ('baz.html', ".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.1.2 $', True),
+])
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='numfig',
+                    confoverrides={'numfig': True,
+                                   'numfig_secnum_depth': 2})
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_numfig_depth_2')
+def test_numfig_with_secnum_depth(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, path, check, be_found):
+    app.build()
+    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, path, check, be_found)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("expect", [
+    (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1 $', True),
+    (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2 $', True),
+    (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 1 $', True),
+    (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 2 $', True),
+    (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1 $', True),
+    (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2 $', True),
+    (".//li/p/a/span", '^Fig. 1$', True),
+    (".//li/p/a/span", '^Figure2.2$', True),
+    (".//li/p/a/span", '^Table 1$', True),
+    (".//li/p/a/span", '^Table:2.2$', True),
+    (".//li/p/a/span", '^Listing 1$', True),
+    (".//li/p/a/span", '^Code-2.2$', True),
+    (".//li/p/a/span", '^Section.1$', True),
+    (".//li/p/a/span", '^Section.2.1$', True),
+    (".//li/p/a/span", '^Fig.1 should be Fig.1$', True),
+    (".//li/p/a/span", '^Sect.1 Foo$', True),
+    (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.1 $', True),
+    (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.2 $', True),
+    (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.3 $', True),
+    (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.4 $', True),
+    (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 1.1 $', True),
+    (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 1.2 $', True),
+    (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 1.3 $', True),
+    (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 1.4 $', True),
+    (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.1 $', True),
+    (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.2 $', True),
+    (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.3 $', True),
+    (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.4 $', True),
+    (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.1 $', True),
+    (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.3 $', True),
+    (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.4 $', True),
+    (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 2.1 $', True),
+    (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 2.3 $', True),
+    (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 2.4 $', True),
+    (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.1 $', True),
+    (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.3 $', True),
+    (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.4 $', True),
+    (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.2 $', True),
+    (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+     '^Table 2.2 $', True),
+    (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+     "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.2 $', True),
+])
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('singlehtml', testroot='numfig', confoverrides={'numfig': True})
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_numfig_on')
+def test_numfig_with_singlehtml(app, cached_etree_parse, expect):
+    app.build()
+    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / 'index.html'), 'index.html', *expect)
diff --git a/tests/test_builders/test_build_html_tocdepth.py b/tests/test_builders/test_build_html_tocdepth.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d99995
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_builders/test_build_html_tocdepth.py
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+"""Test the HTML builder and check output against XPath."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from tests.test_builders.xpath_util import check_xpath
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "path", "check", "be_found"), [
+    ('index.html', ".//li[@class='toctree-l3']/a", '1.1.1. Foo A1', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li[@class='toctree-l3']/a", '1.2.1. Foo B1', True),
+    ('index.html', ".//li[@class='toctree-l3']/a", '2.1.1. Bar A1', False),
+    ('index.html', ".//li[@class='toctree-l3']/a", '2.2.1. Bar B1', False),
+
+    ('foo.html', ".//h1", 'Foo', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//h2", 'Foo A', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//h3", 'Foo A1', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//h2", 'Foo B', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//h3", 'Foo B1', True),
+
+    ('foo.html', ".//h1//span[@class='section-number']", '1. ', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//h2//span[@class='section-number']", '1.1. ', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//h3//span[@class='section-number']", '1.1.1. ', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//h2//span[@class='section-number']", '1.2. ', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//h3//span[@class='section-number']", '1.2.1. ', True),
+
+    ('foo.html', ".//div[@class='sphinxsidebarwrapper']//li/a", '1.1. Foo A', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//div[@class='sphinxsidebarwrapper']//li/a", '1.1.1. Foo A1', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//div[@class='sphinxsidebarwrapper']//li/a", '1.2. Foo B', True),
+    ('foo.html', ".//div[@class='sphinxsidebarwrapper']//li/a", '1.2.1. Foo B1', True),
+
+    ('bar.html', ".//h1", 'Bar', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//h2", 'Bar A', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//h2", 'Bar B', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//h3", 'Bar B1', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//h1//span[@class='section-number']", '2. ', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//h2//span[@class='section-number']", '2.1. ', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//h2//span[@class='section-number']", '2.2. ', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//h3//span[@class='section-number']", '2.2.1. ', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//div[@class='sphinxsidebarwrapper']//li/a", '2. Bar', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//div[@class='sphinxsidebarwrapper']//li/a", '2.1. Bar A', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//div[@class='sphinxsidebarwrapper']//li/a", '2.2. Bar B', True),
+    ('bar.html', ".//div[@class='sphinxsidebarwrapper']//li/a", '2.2.1. Bar B1', False),
+
+    ('baz.html', ".//h1", 'Baz A', True),
+    ('baz.html', ".//h1//span[@class='section-number']", '2.1.1. ', True),
+])
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='tocdepth')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_tocdepth')
+def test_tocdepth(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, path, check, be_found):
+    app.build()
+    # issue #1251
+    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, path, check, be_found)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("expect", [
+    (".//li[@class='toctree-l3']/a", '1.1.1. Foo A1', True),
+    (".//li[@class='toctree-l3']/a", '1.2.1. Foo B1', True),
+    (".//li[@class='toctree-l3']/a", '2.1.1. Bar A1', False),
+    (".//li[@class='toctree-l3']/a", '2.2.1. Bar B1', False),
+
+    # index.rst
+    (".//h1", 'test-tocdepth', True),
+
+    # foo.rst
+    (".//h2", 'Foo', True),
+    (".//h3", 'Foo A', True),
+    (".//h4", 'Foo A1', True),
+    (".//h3", 'Foo B', True),
+    (".//h4", 'Foo B1', True),
+    (".//h2//span[@class='section-number']", '1. ', True),
+    (".//h3//span[@class='section-number']", '1.1. ', True),
+    (".//h4//span[@class='section-number']", '1.1.1. ', True),
+    (".//h3//span[@class='section-number']", '1.2. ', True),
+    (".//h4//span[@class='section-number']", '1.2.1. ', True),
+
+    # bar.rst
+    (".//h2", 'Bar', True),
+    (".//h3", 'Bar A', True),
+    (".//h3", 'Bar B', True),
+    (".//h4", 'Bar B1', True),
+    (".//h2//span[@class='section-number']", '2. ', True),
+    (".//h3//span[@class='section-number']", '2.1. ', True),
+    (".//h3//span[@class='section-number']", '2.2. ', True),
+    (".//h4//span[@class='section-number']", '2.2.1. ', True),
+
+    # baz.rst
+    (".//h4", 'Baz A', True),
+    (".//h4//span[@class='section-number']", '2.1.1. ', True),
+])
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('singlehtml', testroot='tocdepth')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_tocdepth')
+def test_tocdepth_singlehtml(app, cached_etree_parse, expect):
+    app.build()
+    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / 'index.html'), 'index.html', *expect)
diff --git a/tests/test_builders/test_build_latex.py b/tests/test_builders/test_build_latex.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0776c74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_builders/test_build_latex.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1759 @@
+"""Test the build process with LaTeX builder with the test root."""
+
+import http.server
+import os
+import re
+import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
+from shutil import copyfile
+from subprocess import CalledProcessError
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.builders.latex import default_latex_documents
+from sphinx.config import Config
+from sphinx.errors import SphinxError
+from sphinx.ext.intersphinx import load_mappings, normalize_intersphinx_mapping
+from sphinx.ext.intersphinx import setup as intersphinx_setup
+from sphinx.util.osutil import ensuredir
+from sphinx.writers.latex import LaTeXTranslator
+
+from tests.utils import http_server
+
+try:
+    from contextlib import chdir
+except ImportError:
+    from sphinx.util.osutil import _chdir as chdir
+
+STYLEFILES = ['article.cls', 'fancyhdr.sty', 'titlesec.sty', 'amsmath.sty',
+              'framed.sty', 'color.sty', 'fancyvrb.sty',
+              'fncychap.sty', 'geometry.sty', 'kvoptions.sty', 'hyperref.sty',
+              'booktabs.sty']
+
+
+# only run latex if all needed packages are there
+def kpsetest(*filenames):
+    try:
+        subprocess.run(['kpsewhich', *list(filenames)], capture_output=True, check=True)
+        return True
+    except (OSError, CalledProcessError):
+        return False  # command not found or exit with non-zero
+
+
+# compile latex document with app.config.latex_engine
+def compile_latex_document(app, filename='python.tex', docclass='manual'):
+    # now, try to run latex over it
+    try:
+        with chdir(app.outdir):
+            # name latex output-directory according to both engine and docclass
+            # to avoid reuse of auxiliary files by one docclass from another
+            latex_outputdir = app.config.latex_engine + docclass
+            ensuredir(latex_outputdir)
+            # keep a copy of latex file for this engine in case test fails
+            copyfile(filename, latex_outputdir + '/' + filename)
+            args = [app.config.latex_engine,
+                    '--halt-on-error',
+                    '--interaction=nonstopmode',
+                    f'-output-directory={latex_outputdir}',
+                    filename]
+            subprocess.run(args, capture_output=True, check=True)
+    except OSError as exc:  # most likely the latex executable was not found
+        raise pytest.skip.Exception from exc
+    except CalledProcessError as exc:
+        print(exc.stdout.decode('utf8'))
+        print(exc.stderr.decode('utf8'))
+        msg = f'{app.config.latex_engine} exited with return code {exc.returncode}'
+        raise AssertionError(msg) from exc
+
+
+def skip_if_requested(testfunc):
+    if 'SKIP_LATEX_BUILD' in os.environ:
+        msg = 'Skip LaTeX builds because SKIP_LATEX_BUILD is set'
+        return pytest.mark.skipif(True, reason=msg)(testfunc)
+    else:
+        return testfunc
+
+
+def skip_if_stylefiles_notfound(testfunc):
+    if kpsetest(*STYLEFILES) is False:
+        msg = 'not running latex, the required styles do not seem to be installed'
+        return pytest.mark.skipif(True, reason=msg)(testfunc)
+    else:
+        return testfunc
+
+
+class RemoteImageHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+    protocol_version = "HTTP/1.1"
+
+    def do_GET(self):
+        content, content_type = None, None
+        if self.path == "/sphinx.png":
+            with open("tests/roots/test-local-logo/images/img.png", "rb") as f:
+                content = f.read()
+                content_type = "image/png"
+
+        if content:
+            self.send_response(200, "OK")
+            self.send_header("Content-Length", str(len(content)))
+            self.send_header("Content-Type", content_type)
+            self.end_headers()
+            self.wfile.write(content)
+        else:
+            self.send_response(404, "Not Found")
+            self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
+            self.end_headers()
+
+
+@skip_if_requested
+@skip_if_stylefiles_notfound
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ('engine', 'docclass', 'python_maximum_signature_line_length'),
+    # Only running test with `python_maximum_signature_line_length` not None with last
+    # LaTeX engine to reduce testing time, as if this configuration does not fail with
+    # one engine, it's almost impossible it would fail with another.
+    [
+        ('pdflatex', 'manual', None),
+        ('pdflatex', 'howto', None),
+        ('lualatex', 'manual', None),
+        ('lualatex', 'howto', None),
+        ('xelatex', 'manual', 1),
+        ('xelatex', 'howto', 1),
+    ],
+)
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', freshenv=True)
+def test_build_latex_doc(app, engine, docclass, python_maximum_signature_line_length):
+    app.config.python_maximum_signature_line_length = python_maximum_signature_line_length
+    app.config.intersphinx_mapping = {
+        'sphinx': ('https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/', None),
+    }
+    intersphinx_setup(app)
+    app.config.latex_engine = engine
+    app.config.latex_documents = [app.config.latex_documents[0][:4] + (docclass,)]
+    if engine == 'xelatex':
+        app.config.latex_table_style = ['booktabs']
+    elif engine == 'lualatex':
+        app.config.latex_table_style = ['colorrows']
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
+    load_mappings(app)
+    app.builder.init()
+    LaTeXTranslator.ignore_missing_images = True
+    with http_server(RemoteImageHandler):
+        app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    # file from latex_additional_files
+    assert (app.outdir / 'svgimg.svg').is_file()
+
+    compile_latex_document(app, 'sphinxtests.tex', docclass)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex')
+def test_writer(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxtests.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    assert ('\\begin{sphinxfigure-in-table}\n\\centering\n\\capstart\n'
+            '\\noindent\\sphinxincludegraphics{{img}.png}\n'
+            '\\sphinxfigcaption{figure in table}\\label{\\detokenize{markup:id8}}'
+            '\\end{sphinxfigure-in-table}\\relax' in result)
+
+    assert ('\\begin{wrapfigure}{r}{0pt}\n\\centering\n'
+            '\\noindent\\sphinxincludegraphics{{rimg}.png}\n'
+            '\\caption{figure with align option}\\label{\\detokenize{markup:id9}}'
+            '\\end{wrapfigure}\n\n'
+            '\\mbox{}\\par\\vskip-\\dimexpr\\baselineskip+\\parskip\\relax' in result)
+
+    assert ('\\begin{wrapfigure}{r}{0.500\\linewidth}\n\\centering\n'
+            '\\noindent\\sphinxincludegraphics{{rimg}.png}\n'
+            '\\caption{figure with align \\& figwidth option}'
+            '\\label{\\detokenize{markup:id10}}'
+            '\\end{wrapfigure}\n\n'
+            '\\mbox{}\\par\\vskip-\\dimexpr\\baselineskip+\\parskip\\relax' in result)
+
+    assert ('\\begin{wrapfigure}{r}{3cm}\n\\centering\n'
+            '\\noindent\\sphinxincludegraphics[width=3cm]{{rimg}.png}\n'
+            '\\caption{figure with align \\& width option}'
+            '\\label{\\detokenize{markup:id11}}'
+            '\\end{wrapfigure}\n\n'
+            '\\mbox{}\\par\\vskip-\\dimexpr\\baselineskip+\\parskip\\relax' in result)
+
+    assert 'Footnotes' not in result
+
+    assert ('\\begin{sphinxseealso}{See also:}\n\n'
+            '\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+            'something, something else, something more\n'
+            '\\begin{description}\n'
+            '\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{https://www.google.com}{Google}}\n'
+            '\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+            'For everything.\n'
+            '\n'
+            '\\end{description}\n'
+            '\n\n\\end{sphinxseealso}\n\n' in result)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic')
+def test_latex_basic(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'test.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert r'\title{The basic Sphinx documentation for testing}' in result
+    assert r'\release{}' in result
+    assert r'\renewcommand{\releasename}{}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={
+                        'latex_documents': [('index', 'test.tex', 'title', 'author', 'manual')],
+                    })
+def test_latex_basic_manual(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'test.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\def\sphinxdocclass{report}' in result
+    assert r'\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,english]{sphinxmanual}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={
+                        'latex_documents': [('index', 'test.tex', 'title', 'author', 'howto')],
+                    })
+def test_latex_basic_howto(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'test.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\def\sphinxdocclass{article}' in result
+    assert r'\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,english]{sphinxhowto}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={
+                        'language': 'ja',
+                        'latex_documents': [('index', 'test.tex', 'title', 'author', 'manual')],
+                    })
+def test_latex_basic_manual_ja(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'test.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\def\sphinxdocclass{ujbook}' in result
+    assert r'\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,dvipdfmx]{sphinxmanual}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={
+                        'language': 'ja',
+                        'latex_documents': [('index', 'test.tex', 'title', 'author', 'howto')],
+                    })
+def test_latex_basic_howto_ja(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'test.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\def\sphinxdocclass{ujreport}' in result
+    assert r'\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,dvipdfmx]{sphinxhowto}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-theme')
+def test_latex_theme(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\def\sphinxdocclass{book}' in result
+    assert r'\documentclass[a4paper,12pt,english]{sphinxbook}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-theme',
+                    confoverrides={'latex_elements': {'papersize': 'b5paper',
+                                                      'pointsize': '9pt'}})
+def test_latex_theme_papersize(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\def\sphinxdocclass{book}' in result
+    assert r'\documentclass[b5paper,9pt,english]{sphinxbook}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-theme',
+                    confoverrides={'latex_theme_options': {'papersize': 'b5paper',
+                                                           'pointsize': '9pt'}})
+def test_latex_theme_options(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\def\sphinxdocclass{book}' in result
+    assert r'\documentclass[b5paper,9pt,english]{sphinxbook}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic', confoverrides={'language': 'zh'})
+def test_latex_additional_settings_for_language_code(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'test.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert r'\usepackage{xeCJK}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic', confoverrides={'language': 'el'})
+def test_latex_additional_settings_for_greek(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'test.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\usepackage{polyglossia}\n\\setmainlanguage{greek}' in result
+    assert '\\newfontfamily\\greekfonttt{FreeMono}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-title')
+def test_latex_title_after_admonitions(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'test.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\title{test\\sphinxhyphen{}latex\\sphinxhyphen{}title}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'release': '1.0_0'})
+def test_latex_release(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'test.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert r'\release{1.0\_0}' in result
+    assert r'\renewcommand{\releasename}{Release}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='numfig',
+                    confoverrides={'numfig': True})
+def test_numref(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:fig1}]'
+            '{Fig.\\@ \\ref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:fig22}]'
+            '{Figure\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:fig22}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:table-1}]'
+            '{Table \\ref{\\detokenize{index:table-1}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:table22}]'
+            '{Table:\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:table22}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:code-1}]'
+            '{Listing \\ref{\\detokenize{index:code-1}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:code22}]'
+            '{Code\\sphinxhyphen{}\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:code22}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{foo:foo}]'
+            '{Section \\ref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{bar:bar-a}]'
+            '{Section \\ref{\\detokenize{bar:bar-a}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:fig1}]{Fig.\\ref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}} '
+            '\\nameref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{foo:foo}]{Sect.\\ref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}} '
+            '\\nameref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}}}') in result
+
+    # sphinxmessages.sty
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\figurename}{Fig.\@{} }}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\tablename}{Table }}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\literalblockname}{Listing}}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='numfig',
+    confoverrides={'numfig': True,
+                   'numfig_format': {'figure': 'Figure:%s',
+                                     'table': 'Tab_%s',
+                                     'code-block': 'Code-%s',
+                                     'section': 'SECTION-%s'}})
+def test_numref_with_prefix1(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\ref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}}' in result
+    assert '\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:fig22}}' in result
+    assert '\\ref{\\detokenize{index:table-1}}' in result
+    assert '\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:table22}}' in result
+    assert '\\ref{\\detokenize{index:code-1}}' in result
+    assert '\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:code22}}' in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:fig1}]'
+            '{Figure:\\ref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:fig22}]'
+            '{Figure\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:fig22}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:table-1}]'
+            '{Tab\\_\\ref{\\detokenize{index:table-1}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:table22}]'
+            '{Table:\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:table22}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:code-1}]'
+            '{Code\\sphinxhyphen{}\\ref{\\detokenize{index:code-1}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:code22}]'
+            '{Code\\sphinxhyphen{}\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:code22}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{foo:foo}]'
+            '{SECTION\\sphinxhyphen{}\\ref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{bar:bar-a}]'
+            '{SECTION\\sphinxhyphen{}\\ref{\\detokenize{bar:bar-a}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:fig1}]{Fig.\\ref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}} '
+            '\\nameref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{foo:foo}]{Sect.\\ref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}} '
+            '\\nameref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}}}') in result
+
+    # sphinxmessages.sty
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\figurename}{Figure:}}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\tablename}{Tab\_}}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\literalblockname}{Code-}}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='numfig',
+    confoverrides={'numfig': True,
+                   'numfig_format': {'figure': 'Figure:%s.',
+                                     'table': 'Tab_%s:',
+                                     'code-block': 'Code-%s | ',
+                                     'section': 'SECTION_%s_'}})
+def test_numref_with_prefix2(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:fig1}]'
+            '{Figure:\\ref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}}.\\@}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:fig22}]'
+            '{Figure\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:fig22}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:table-1}]'
+            '{Tab\\_\\ref{\\detokenize{index:table-1}}:}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:table22}]'
+            '{Table:\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:table22}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:code-1}]{Code\\sphinxhyphen{}\\ref{\\detokenize{index:code-1}} '
+            '| }') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:code22}]'
+            '{Code\\sphinxhyphen{}\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:code22}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{foo:foo}]'
+            '{SECTION\\_\\ref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}}\\_}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{bar:bar-a}]'
+            '{SECTION\\_\\ref{\\detokenize{bar:bar-a}}\\_}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:fig1}]{Fig.\\ref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}} '
+            '\\nameref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{foo:foo}]{Sect.\\ref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}} '
+            '\\nameref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}}}') in result
+
+    # sphinxmessages.sty
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\figurename}{Figure:}}' in result
+    assert r'\def\fnum@figure{\figurename\thefigure{}.}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\tablename}{Tab\_}}' in result
+    assert r'\def\fnum@table{\tablename\thetable{}:}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\literalblockname}{Code-}}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='numfig',
+    confoverrides={'numfig': True, 'language': 'ja'})
+def test_numref_with_language_ja(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:fig1}]'
+            '{\u56f3 \\ref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:fig22}]'
+            '{Figure\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:fig22}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:table-1}]'
+            '{\u8868 \\ref{\\detokenize{index:table-1}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:table22}]'
+            '{Table:\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:table22}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:code-1}]'
+            '{\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8 \\ref{\\detokenize{index:code-1}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:code22}]'
+            '{Code\\sphinxhyphen{}\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:code22}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{foo:foo}]'
+            '{\\ref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}} \u7ae0}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{bar:bar-a}]'
+            '{\\ref{\\detokenize{bar:bar-a}} \u7ae0}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:fig1}]{Fig.\\ref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}} '
+            '\\nameref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{foo:foo}]{Sect.\\ref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}} '
+            '\\nameref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}}}') in result
+
+    # sphinxmessages.sty
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert '\\@iden{\\renewcommand{\\figurename}{図 }}' in result
+    assert '\\@iden{\\renewcommand{\\tablename}{表 }}' in result
+    assert '\\@iden{\\renewcommand{\\literalblockname}{リスト}}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-numfig')
+def test_latex_obey_numfig_is_false(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'SphinxManual.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '\\usepackage{sphinx}' in result
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'SphinxHowTo.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '\\usepackage{sphinx}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='latex-numfig',
+    confoverrides={'numfig': True, 'numfig_secnum_depth': 0})
+def test_latex_obey_numfig_secnum_depth_is_zero(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'SphinxManual.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '\\usepackage[,nonumfigreset,mathnumfig]{sphinx}' in result
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'SphinxHowTo.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '\\usepackage[,nonumfigreset,mathnumfig]{sphinx}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='latex-numfig',
+    confoverrides={'numfig': True, 'numfig_secnum_depth': 2})
+def test_latex_obey_numfig_secnum_depth_is_two(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'SphinxManual.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '\\usepackage[,numfigreset=2,mathnumfig]{sphinx}' in result
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'SphinxHowTo.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '\\usepackage[,numfigreset=3,mathnumfig]{sphinx}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='latex-numfig',
+    confoverrides={'numfig': True, 'math_numfig': False})
+def test_latex_obey_numfig_but_math_numfig_false(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'SphinxManual.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '\\usepackage[,numfigreset=1]{sphinx}' in result
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'SphinxHowTo.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '\\usepackage[,numfigreset=2]{sphinx}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic')
+def test_latex_add_latex_package(app, status, warning):
+    app.add_latex_package('foo')
+    app.add_latex_package('bar', 'baz')
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'test.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '\\usepackage{foo}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage[baz]{bar}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-babel')
+def test_babel_with_no_language_settings(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,english]{sphinxmanual}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage{babel}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage{tgtermes}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage[Bjarne]{fncychap}' in result
+    assert ('\\addto\\captionsenglish{\\renewcommand{\\contentsname}{Table of content}}\n'
+            in result)
+    assert '\\shorthandoff{"}' in result
+
+    # sphinxmessages.sty
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\def\pageautorefname{page}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\figurename}{Fig.\@{} }}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\tablename}{Table.\@{} }}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='latex-babel',
+    confoverrides={'language': 'de'})
+def test_babel_with_language_de(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,ngerman]{sphinxmanual}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage{babel}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage{tgtermes}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage[Sonny]{fncychap}' in result
+    assert ('\\addto\\captionsngerman{\\renewcommand{\\contentsname}{Table of content}}\n'
+            in result)
+    assert '\\shorthandoff{"}' in result
+
+    # sphinxmessages.sty
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\def\pageautorefname{Seite}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsngerman{\renewcommand{\figurename}{Fig.\@{} }}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsngerman{\renewcommand{\tablename}{Table.\@{} }}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='latex-babel',
+    confoverrides={'language': 'ru'})
+def test_babel_with_language_ru(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,russian]{sphinxmanual}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage{babel}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage{tgtermes}' not in result
+    assert '\\usepackage[Sonny]{fncychap}' in result
+    assert ('\\addto\\captionsrussian{\\renewcommand{\\contentsname}{Table of content}}\n'
+            in result)
+    assert '\\shorthandoff{"}' in result
+
+    # sphinxmessages.sty
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\def\pageautorefname{страница}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsrussian{\renewcommand{\figurename}{Fig.\@{} }}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsrussian{\renewcommand{\tablename}{Table.\@{} }}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='latex-babel',
+    confoverrides={'language': 'tr'})
+def test_babel_with_language_tr(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,turkish]{sphinxmanual}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage{babel}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage{tgtermes}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage[Sonny]{fncychap}' in result
+    assert ('\\addto\\captionsturkish{\\renewcommand{\\contentsname}{Table of content}}\n'
+            in result)
+    assert '\\shorthandoff{=}' in result
+
+    # sphinxmessages.sty
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\def\pageautorefname{sayfa}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsturkish{\renewcommand{\figurename}{Fig.\@{} }}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsturkish{\renewcommand{\tablename}{Table.\@{} }}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='latex-babel',
+    confoverrides={'language': 'ja'})
+def test_babel_with_language_ja(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,dvipdfmx]{sphinxmanual}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage{babel}' not in result
+    assert '\\usepackage{tgtermes}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage[Sonny]{fncychap}' not in result
+    assert '\\renewcommand{\\contentsname}{Table of content}\n' in result
+    assert '\\shorthandoff' not in result
+
+    # sphinxmessages.sty
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\def\pageautorefname{ページ}' in result
+    assert '\\@iden{\\renewcommand{\\figurename}{Fig.\\@{} }}' in result
+    assert '\\@iden{\\renewcommand{\\tablename}{Table.\\@{} }}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='latex-babel',
+    confoverrides={'language': 'unknown'})
+def test_babel_with_unknown_language(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,english]{sphinxmanual}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage{babel}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage{tgtermes}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage[Sonny]{fncychap}' in result
+    assert ('\\addto\\captionsenglish{\\renewcommand{\\contentsname}{Table of content}}\n'
+            in result)
+    assert '\\shorthandoff' in result
+
+    assert "WARNING: no Babel option known for language 'unknown'" in warning.getvalue()
+
+    # sphinxmessages.sty
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\def\pageautorefname{page}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\figurename}{Fig.\@{} }}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\tablename}{Table.\@{} }}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='latex-babel',
+    confoverrides={'language': 'de', 'latex_engine': 'lualatex'})
+def test_polyglossia_with_language_de(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,german]{sphinxmanual}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage{polyglossia}' in result
+    assert '\\setmainlanguage[spelling=new]{german}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage{tgtermes}' not in result
+    assert '\\usepackage[Sonny]{fncychap}' in result
+    assert ('\\addto\\captionsgerman{\\renewcommand{\\contentsname}{Table of content}}\n'
+            in result)
+    assert '\\shorthandoff' not in result
+
+    # sphinxmessages.sty
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\def\pageautorefname{Seite}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsgerman{\renewcommand{\figurename}{Fig.\@{} }}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsgerman{\renewcommand{\tablename}{Table.\@{} }}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='latex-babel',
+    confoverrides={'language': 'de-1901', 'latex_engine': 'lualatex'})
+def test_polyglossia_with_language_de_1901(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,german]{sphinxmanual}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage{polyglossia}' in result
+    assert '\\setmainlanguage[spelling=old]{german}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage{tgtermes}' not in result
+    assert '\\usepackage[Sonny]{fncychap}' in result
+    assert ('\\addto\\captionsgerman{\\renewcommand{\\contentsname}{Table of content}}\n'
+            in result)
+    assert '\\shorthandoff' not in result
+
+    # sphinxmessages.sty
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\def\pageautorefname{page}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsgerman{\renewcommand{\figurename}{Fig.\@{} }}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsgerman{\renewcommand{\tablename}{Table.\@{} }}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex')
+def test_footnote(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxtests.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n%\n\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'numbered\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
+    assert ('\\begin{footnote}[2]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\nauto numbered\n%\n'
+            '\\end{footnote}') in result
+    assert '\\begin{footnote}[3]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\nnamed\n%\n\\end{footnote}' in result
+    assert '\\sphinxcite{footnote:bar}' in result
+    assert ('\\bibitem[bar]{footnote:bar}\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\ncite\n') in result
+    assert '\\sphinxcaption{Table caption \\sphinxfootnotemark[4]' in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxmidrule\n\\sphinxtableatstartofbodyhook%\n'
+            '\\begin{footnotetext}[4]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'footnote in table caption\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces %\n'
+            '\\begin{footnotetext}[5]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'footnote in table header\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces '
+            '\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+            'VIDIOC\\_CROPCAP\n&\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\n') in result
+    assert ('Information about VIDIOC\\_CROPCAP %\n'
+            '\\begin{footnote}[6]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'footnote in table not in header\n%\n\\end{footnote}\n\\\\\n'
+            '\\sphinxbottomrule\n\\end{tabulary}\n'
+            '\\sphinxtableafterendhook\\par\n\\sphinxattableend\\end{savenotes}\n') in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='footnotes')
+def test_reference_in_caption_and_codeblock_in_footnote(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert ('\\caption{This is the figure caption with a reference to '
+            '\\sphinxcite{index:authoryear}.}' in result)
+    assert '\\chapter{The section with a reference to {[}AuthorYear{]}}' in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxcaption{The table title with a reference'
+            ' to {[}AuthorYear{]}}' in result)
+    assert '\\subsubsection*{The rubric title with a reference to {[}AuthorYear{]}}' in result
+    assert ('\\chapter{The section with a reference to \\sphinxfootnotemark[6]}\n'
+            '\\label{\\detokenize{index:the-section-with-a-reference-to}}'
+            '%\n\\begin{footnotetext}[6]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Footnote in section\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}') in result
+    assert ('\\caption{This is the figure caption with a footnote to '
+            '\\sphinxfootnotemark[8].}\\label{\\detokenize{index:id35}}\\end{figure}\n'
+            '%\n\\begin{footnotetext}[8]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Footnote in caption\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}') in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxcaption{footnote \\sphinxfootnotemark[9] in '
+            'caption of normal table}\\label{\\detokenize{index:id36}}') in result
+    assert ('\\caption{footnote \\sphinxfootnotemark[10] '
+            'in caption \\sphinxfootnotemark[11] of longtable\\strut}') in result
+    assert ('\\endlastfoot\n\\sphinxtableatstartofbodyhook\n%\n'
+            '\\begin{footnotetext}[10]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Foot note in longtable\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces %\n'
+            '\\begin{footnotetext}[11]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Second footnote in caption of longtable\n') in result
+    assert ('This is a reference to the code\\sphinxhyphen{}block in the footnote:\n'
+            '{\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:codeblockinfootnote}]'
+            '{\\sphinxcrossref{\\DUrole{std,std-ref}{I am in a footnote}}}}') in result
+    assert ('&\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nThis is one more footnote with some code in it %\n'
+            '\\begin{footnote}[12]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Third footnote in longtable\n') in result
+    assert ('\\end{sphinxVerbatim}\n%\n\\end{footnote}.\n') in result
+    assert '\\begin{sphinxVerbatim}[commandchars=\\\\\\{\\}]' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='footnotes')
+def test_footnote_referred_multiple_times(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+
+    assert ('Explicitly numbered footnote: %\n'
+            '\\begin{footnote}[100]'
+            '\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\nNumbered footnote\n%\n'
+            '\\end{footnote} \\sphinxfootnotemark[100]\n'
+            in result)
+    assert ('Named footnote: %\n'
+            '\\begin{footnote}[13]'
+            '\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\nNamed footnote\n%\n'
+            '\\end{footnote} \\sphinxfootnotemark[13]\n'
+            in result)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='footnotes',
+    confoverrides={'latex_show_urls': 'inline'})
+def test_latex_show_urls_is_inline(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert ('Same footnote number %\n'
+            '\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'footnote in bar\n%\n\\end{footnote} in bar.rst') in result
+    assert ('Auto footnote number %\n\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'footnote in baz\n%\n\\end{footnote} in baz.rst') in result
+    assert ('\\phantomsection\\label{\\detokenize{index:id38}}'
+            '{\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:the-section'
+            '-with-a-reference-to-authoryear}]'
+            '{\\sphinxcrossref{The section with a reference to '
+            '\\sphinxcite{index:authoryear}}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\phantomsection\\label{\\detokenize{index:id39}}'
+            '{\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:the-section-with-a-reference-to}]'
+            '{\\sphinxcrossref{The section with a reference to }}}' in result)
+    assert ('First footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[2]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'First\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
+    assert ('Second footnote: %\n'
+            '\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Second\n%\n\\end{footnote}\n') in result
+    assert '\\sphinxhref{https://sphinx-doc.org/}{Sphinx} (https://sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}doc.org/)' in result
+    assert ('Third footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[3]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Third \\sphinxfootnotemark[4]\n%\n\\end{footnote}%\n'
+            '\\begin{footnotetext}[4]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Footnote inside footnote\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces') in result
+    assert ('Fourth footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[5]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Fourth\n%\n\\end{footnote}\n') in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxhref{https://sphinx-doc.org/~test/}{URL including tilde} '
+            '(https://sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}doc.org/\\textasciitilde{}test/)') in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{https://sphinx-doc.org/}{URL in term} '
+            '(https://sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}doc.org/)}\n'
+            '\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription' in result)
+    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{Footnote in term \\sphinxfootnotemark[7]}%\n'
+            '\\begin{footnotetext}[7]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n' in result)
+    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{https://sphinx-doc.org/}{URL in term} '
+            '(https://sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}doc.org/)}\n'
+            '\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription' in result)
+    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{Footnote in term \\sphinxfootnotemark[7]}%\n'
+            '\\begin{footnotetext}[7]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Footnote in term\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces '
+            '\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription') in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{https://sphinx-doc.org/}{Term in deflist} '
+            '(https://sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}doc.org/)}'
+            '\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription') in result
+    assert '\\sphinxurl{https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx}\n' in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxhref{mailto:sphinx-dev@googlegroups.com}'
+            '{sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}dev@googlegroups.com}') in result
+    assert '\\begin{savenotes}\\begin{fulllineitems}' not in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='footnotes',
+    confoverrides={'latex_show_urls': 'footnote'})
+def test_latex_show_urls_is_footnote(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert ('Same footnote number %\n'
+            '\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'footnote in bar\n%\n\\end{footnote} in bar.rst') in result
+    assert ('Auto footnote number %\n\\begin{footnote}[2]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'footnote in baz\n%\n\\end{footnote} in baz.rst') in result
+    assert ('\\phantomsection\\label{\\detokenize{index:id38}}'
+            '{\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:the-section-with-a-reference-to-authoryear}]'
+            '{\\sphinxcrossref{The section with a reference '
+            'to \\sphinxcite{index:authoryear}}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\phantomsection\\label{\\detokenize{index:id39}}'
+            '{\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:the-section-with-a-reference-to}]'
+            '{\\sphinxcrossref{The section with a reference to }}}') in result
+    assert ('First footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[3]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'First\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
+    assert ('Second footnote: %\n'
+            '\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Second\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxhref{https://sphinx-doc.org/}{Sphinx}'
+            '%\n\\begin{footnote}[4]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            '\\sphinxnolinkurl{https://sphinx-doc.org/}\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
+    assert ('Third footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[6]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Third \\sphinxfootnotemark[7]\n%\n\\end{footnote}%\n'
+            '\\begin{footnotetext}[7]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Footnote inside footnote\n%\n'
+            '\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces') in result
+    assert ('Fourth footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[8]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Fourth\n%\n\\end{footnote}\n') in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxhref{https://sphinx-doc.org/~test/}{URL including tilde}'
+            '%\n\\begin{footnote}[5]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            '\\sphinxnolinkurl{https://sphinx-doc.org/~test/}\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{https://sphinx-doc.org/}'
+            '{URL in term}\\sphinxfootnotemark[10]}%\n'
+            '\\begin{footnotetext}[10]'
+            '\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            '\\sphinxnolinkurl{https://sphinx-doc.org/}\n%\n'
+            '\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces \n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription') in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{Footnote in term \\sphinxfootnotemark[12]}%\n'
+            '\\begin{footnotetext}[12]'
+            '\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Footnote in term\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces '
+            '\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription') in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{https://sphinx-doc.org/}{Term in deflist}'
+            '\\sphinxfootnotemark[11]}%\n'
+            '\\begin{footnotetext}[11]'
+            '\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            '\\sphinxnolinkurl{https://sphinx-doc.org/}\n%\n'
+            '\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces \n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription') in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxurl{https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx}\n' in result)
+    assert ('\\sphinxhref{mailto:sphinx-dev@googlegroups.com}'
+            '{sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}dev@googlegroups.com}\n') in result
+    assert '\\begin{savenotes}\\begin{fulllineitems}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='footnotes',
+    confoverrides={'latex_show_urls': 'no'})
+def test_latex_show_urls_is_no(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert ('Same footnote number %\n'
+            '\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'footnote in bar\n%\n\\end{footnote} in bar.rst') in result
+    assert ('Auto footnote number %\n\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'footnote in baz\n%\n\\end{footnote} in baz.rst') in result
+    assert ('\\phantomsection\\label{\\detokenize{index:id38}}'
+            '{\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:the-section-with-a-reference-to-authoryear}]'
+            '{\\sphinxcrossref{The section with a reference '
+            'to \\sphinxcite{index:authoryear}}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\phantomsection\\label{\\detokenize{index:id39}}'
+            '{\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:the-section-with-a-reference-to}]'
+            '{\\sphinxcrossref{The section with a reference to }}}' in result)
+    assert ('First footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[2]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'First\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
+    assert ('Second footnote: %\n'
+            '\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Second\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
+    assert '\\sphinxhref{https://sphinx-doc.org/}{Sphinx}' in result
+    assert ('Third footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[3]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Third \\sphinxfootnotemark[4]\n%\n\\end{footnote}%\n'
+            '\\begin{footnotetext}[4]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Footnote inside footnote\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces') in result
+    assert ('Fourth footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[5]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Fourth\n%\n\\end{footnote}\n') in result
+    assert '\\sphinxhref{https://sphinx-doc.org/~test/}{URL including tilde}' in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{https://sphinx-doc.org/}{URL in term}}\n'
+            '\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription') in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{Footnote in term \\sphinxfootnotemark[7]}%\n'
+            '\\begin{footnotetext}[7]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Footnote in term\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces '
+            '\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription') in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{https://sphinx-doc.org/}{Term in deflist}}'
+            '\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription') in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxurl{https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx}\n' in result)
+    assert ('\\sphinxhref{mailto:sphinx-dev@googlegroups.com}'
+            '{sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}dev@googlegroups.com}\n') in result
+    assert '\\begin{savenotes}\\begin{fulllineitems}' not in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='footnotes',
+    confoverrides={'latex_show_urls': 'footnote',
+                   'rst_prolog': '.. |URL| replace:: `text <https://www.example.com/>`__'})
+def test_latex_show_urls_footnote_and_substitutions(app, status, warning):
+    # hyperlinks in substitutions should not effect to make footnotes (refs: #4784)
+    test_latex_show_urls_is_footnote(app, status, warning)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='image-in-section')
+def test_image_in_section(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert ('\\chapter[Test section]{\\lowercase{\\sphinxincludegraphics'
+            '[width=15bp,height=15bp]}{{pic}.png} Test section}'
+            in result)
+    assert ('\\chapter[Other {[}blah{]} section]{Other {[}blah{]} '
+            '\\lowercase{\\sphinxincludegraphics[width=15bp,height=15bp]}'
+            '{{pic}.png} section}' in result)
+    assert ('\\chapter{Another section}' in result)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'latex_logo': 'notfound.jpg'})
+def test_latex_logo_if_not_found(app, status, warning):
+    with pytest.raises(SphinxError):
+        app.build(force_all=True)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='toctree-maxdepth')
+def test_toctree_maxdepth_manual(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\setcounter{tocdepth}{1}' in result
+    assert '\\setcounter{secnumdepth}' not in result
+    assert '\\chapter{Foo}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='toctree-maxdepth',
+    confoverrides={'latex_documents': [
+        ('index', 'python.tex', 'Sphinx Tests Documentation',
+         'Georg Brandl', 'howto'),
+    ]})
+def test_toctree_maxdepth_howto(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\setcounter{tocdepth}{2}' in result
+    assert '\\setcounter{secnumdepth}' not in result
+    assert '\\section{Foo}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='toctree-maxdepth',
+    confoverrides={'root_doc': 'foo'})
+def test_toctree_not_found(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\setcounter{tocdepth}' not in result
+    assert '\\setcounter{secnumdepth}' not in result
+    assert '\\chapter{Foo A}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='toctree-maxdepth',
+    confoverrides={'root_doc': 'bar'})
+def test_toctree_without_maxdepth(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\setcounter{tocdepth}' not in result
+    assert '\\setcounter{secnumdepth}' not in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='toctree-maxdepth',
+    confoverrides={'root_doc': 'qux'})
+def test_toctree_with_deeper_maxdepth(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}' in result
+    assert '\\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='toctree-maxdepth',
+    confoverrides={'latex_toplevel_sectioning': None})
+def test_latex_toplevel_sectioning_is_None(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\chapter{Foo}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='toctree-maxdepth',
+    confoverrides={'latex_toplevel_sectioning': 'part'})
+def test_latex_toplevel_sectioning_is_part(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\part{Foo}' in result
+    assert '\\chapter{Foo A}' in result
+    assert '\\chapter{Foo B}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='toctree-maxdepth',
+    confoverrides={'latex_toplevel_sectioning': 'part',
+                   'latex_documents': [
+                       ('index', 'python.tex', 'Sphinx Tests Documentation',
+                        'Georg Brandl', 'howto'),
+                   ]})
+def test_latex_toplevel_sectioning_is_part_with_howto(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\part{Foo}' in result
+    assert '\\section{Foo A}' in result
+    assert '\\section{Foo B}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='toctree-maxdepth',
+    confoverrides={'latex_toplevel_sectioning': 'chapter'})
+def test_latex_toplevel_sectioning_is_chapter(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\chapter{Foo}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='toctree-maxdepth',
+    confoverrides={'latex_toplevel_sectioning': 'chapter',
+                   'latex_documents': [
+                       ('index', 'python.tex', 'Sphinx Tests Documentation',
+                        'Georg Brandl', 'howto'),
+                   ]})
+def test_latex_toplevel_sectioning_is_chapter_with_howto(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\section{Foo}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='toctree-maxdepth',
+    confoverrides={'latex_toplevel_sectioning': 'section'})
+def test_latex_toplevel_sectioning_is_section(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\section{Foo}' in result
+
+
+@skip_if_stylefiles_notfound
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='maxlistdepth')
+def test_maxlistdepth_at_ten(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    compile_latex_document(app, 'python.tex')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-table',
+                    confoverrides={'latex_table_style': []})
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='latex-table')
+def test_latex_table_tabulars(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    tables = {}
+    for chap in re.split(r'\\(?:section|chapter){', result)[1:]:
+        sectname, content = chap.split('}', 1)
+        content = re.sub(r'\\sphinxstepscope', '', content)  # filter a separator
+        tables[sectname] = content.strip()
+
+    def get_expected(name):
+        return (app.srcdir / 'expects' / (name + '.tex')).read_text(encoding='utf8').strip()
+
+    # simple_table
+    actual = tables['simple table']
+    expected = get_expected('simple_table')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # table having :widths: option
+    actual = tables['table having :widths: option']
+    expected = get_expected('table_having_widths')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # table having :align: option (tabulary)
+    actual = tables['table having :align: option (tabulary)']
+    expected = get_expected('tabulary_having_widths')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # table having :align: option (tabular)
+    actual = tables['table having :align: option (tabular)']
+    expected = get_expected('tabular_having_widths')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # table with tabularcolumn
+    actual = tables['table with tabularcolumn']
+    expected = get_expected('tabularcolumn')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # table with cell in first column having three paragraphs
+    actual = tables['table with cell in first column having three paragraphs']
+    expected = get_expected('table_having_threeparagraphs_cell_in_first_col')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # table having caption
+    actual = tables['table having caption']
+    expected = get_expected('table_having_caption')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # table having verbatim
+    actual = tables['table having verbatim']
+    expected = get_expected('table_having_verbatim')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # table having problematic cell
+    actual = tables['table having problematic cell']
+    expected = get_expected('table_having_problematic_cell')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # table having both :widths: and problematic cell
+    actual = tables['table having both :widths: and problematic cell']
+    expected = get_expected('table_having_widths_and_problematic_cell')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # table having both stub columns and problematic cell
+    actual = tables['table having both stub columns and problematic cell']
+    expected = get_expected('table_having_stub_columns_and_problematic_cell')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-table',
+                    confoverrides={'latex_table_style': []})
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='latex-table')
+def test_latex_table_longtable(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    tables = {}
+    for chap in re.split(r'\\(?:section|chapter){', result)[1:]:
+        sectname, content = chap.split('}', 1)
+        content = re.sub(r'\\sphinxstepscope', '', content)  # filter a separator
+        tables[sectname] = content.strip()
+
+    def get_expected(name):
+        return (app.srcdir / 'expects' / (name + '.tex')).read_text(encoding='utf8').strip()
+
+    # longtable
+    actual = tables['longtable']
+    expected = get_expected('longtable')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # longtable having :widths: option
+    actual = tables['longtable having :widths: option']
+    expected = get_expected('longtable_having_widths')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # longtable having :align: option
+    actual = tables['longtable having :align: option']
+    expected = get_expected('longtable_having_align')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # longtable with tabularcolumn
+    actual = tables['longtable with tabularcolumn']
+    expected = get_expected('longtable_with_tabularcolumn')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # longtable having caption
+    actual = tables['longtable having caption']
+    expected = get_expected('longtable_having_caption')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # longtable having verbatim
+    actual = tables['longtable having verbatim']
+    expected = get_expected('longtable_having_verbatim')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # longtable having problematic cell
+    actual = tables['longtable having problematic cell']
+    expected = get_expected('longtable_having_problematic_cell')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # longtable having both :widths: and problematic cell
+    actual = tables['longtable having both :widths: and problematic cell']
+    expected = get_expected('longtable_having_widths_and_problematic_cell')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # longtable having both stub columns and problematic cell
+    actual = tables['longtable having both stub columns and problematic cell']
+    expected = get_expected('longtable_having_stub_columns_and_problematic_cell')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-table',
+                    confoverrides={'latex_table_style': []})
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='latex-table')
+def test_latex_table_complex_tables(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    tables = {}
+    for chap in re.split(r'\\(?:section|renewcommand){', result)[1:]:
+        sectname, content = chap.split('}', 1)
+        tables[sectname] = content.strip()
+
+    def get_expected(name):
+        return (app.srcdir / 'expects' / (name + '.tex')).read_text(encoding='utf8').strip()
+
+    # grid table
+    actual = tables['grid table']
+    expected = get_expected('gridtable')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # grid table with tabularcolumns
+    # MEMO: filename should end with tabularcolumns but tabularcolumn has been
+    #       used in existing other cases
+    actual = tables['grid table with tabularcolumns having no vline']
+    expected = get_expected('gridtable_with_tabularcolumn')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # complex spanning cell
+    actual = tables['complex spanning cell']
+    expected = get_expected('complex_spanning_cell')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-table')
+def test_latex_table_with_booktabs_and_colorrows(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert r'\PassOptionsToPackage{booktabs}{sphinx}' in result
+    assert r'\PassOptionsToPackage{colorrows}{sphinx}' in result
+    # tabularcolumns
+    assert r'\begin{longtable}{|c|c|}' in result
+    # class: standard
+    assert r'\begin{tabulary}{\linewidth}[t]{|T|T|T|T|T|}' in result
+    assert r'\begin{longtable}{ll}' in result
+    assert r'\begin{tabular}[t]{*{2}{\X{1}{2}}}' in result
+    assert r'\begin{tabular}[t]{\X{30}{100}\X{70}{100}}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-table',
+                    confoverrides={'templates_path': ['_mytemplates/latex']})
+def test_latex_table_custom_template_caseA(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'SALUT LES COPAINS' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-table',
+                    confoverrides={'templates_path': ['_mytemplates']})
+def test_latex_table_custom_template_caseB(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'SALUT LES COPAINS' not in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-table')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='latex-table')
+def test_latex_table_custom_template_caseC(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'SALUT LES COPAINS' not in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='directives-raw')
+def test_latex_raw_directive(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # standard case
+    assert 'standalone raw directive (HTML)' not in result
+    assert ('\\label{\\detokenize{index:id1}}\n'
+            'standalone raw directive (LaTeX)' in result)
+
+    # with substitution
+    assert 'HTML: abc  ghi' in result
+    assert 'LaTeX: abc def ghi' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='images')
+def test_latex_images(app, status, warning):
+    with http_server(RemoteImageHandler, port=7777):
+        app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # images are copied
+    assert '\\sphinxincludegraphics{{sphinx}.png}' in result
+    assert (app.outdir / 'sphinx.png').exists()
+
+    # not found images
+    assert '\\sphinxincludegraphics{{NOT_EXIST}.PNG}' not in result
+    assert ('WARNING: Could not fetch remote image: '
+            'http://localhost:7777/NOT_EXIST.PNG [404]' in warning.getvalue())
+
+    # an image having target
+    assert ('\\sphinxhref{https://www.sphinx-doc.org/}'
+            '{\\sphinxincludegraphics{{rimg}.png}}\n\n' in result)
+
+    # a centerized image having target
+    assert ('\\sphinxhref{https://www.python.org/}{{\\hspace*{\\fill}'
+            '\\sphinxincludegraphics{{rimg}.png}\\hspace*{\\fill}}}\n\n' in result)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-index')
+def test_latex_index(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('A \\index{famous@\\spxentry{famous}}famous '
+            '\\index{equation@\\spxentry{equation}}equation:\n' in result)
+    assert ('\n\\index{Einstein@\\spxentry{Einstein}}'
+            '\\index{relativity@\\spxentry{relativity}}'
+            '\\ignorespaces \n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nand') in result
+    assert ('\n\\index{main \\sphinxleftcurlybrace{}@\\spxentry{'
+            'main \\sphinxleftcurlybrace{}}}\\ignorespaces ' in result)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-equations')
+def test_latex_equations(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expected = (app.srcdir / 'expects' / 'latex-equations.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8').strip()
+
+    assert expected in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='image-in-parsed-literal')
+def test_latex_image_in_parsed_literal(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('{\\sphinxunactivateextrasandspace \\raisebox{-0.5\\height}'
+            '{\\sphinxincludegraphics[height=2.00000cm]{{pic}.png}}'
+            '}AFTER') in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='nested-enumerated-list')
+def test_latex_nested_enumerated_list(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('\\sphinxsetlistlabels{\\arabic}{enumi}{enumii}{}{.}%\n'
+            '\\setcounter{enumi}{4}\n' in result)
+    assert ('\\sphinxsetlistlabels{\\alph}{enumii}{enumiii}{}{.}%\n'
+            '\\setcounter{enumii}{3}\n' in result)
+    assert ('\\sphinxsetlistlabels{\\arabic}{enumiii}{enumiv}{}{)}%\n'
+            '\\setcounter{enumiii}{9}\n' in result)
+    assert ('\\sphinxsetlistlabels{\\arabic}{enumiv}{enumv}{(}{)}%\n'
+            '\\setcounter{enumiv}{23}\n' in result)
+    assert ('\\sphinxsetlistlabels{\\roman}{enumii}{enumiii}{}{.}%\n'
+            '\\setcounter{enumii}{2}\n' in result)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='footnotes')
+def test_latex_thebibliography(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert ('\\begin{sphinxthebibliography}{AuthorYe}\n'
+            '\\bibitem[AuthorYear]{index:authoryear}\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+            'Author, Title, Year\n'
+            '\\end{sphinxthebibliography}\n' in result)
+    assert '\\sphinxcite{index:authoryear}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='glossary')
+def test_latex_glossary(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert (r'\sphinxlineitem{ähnlich\index{ähnlich@\spxentry{ähnlich}|spxpagem}'
+            r'\phantomsection'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:term-ahnlich}}}' in result)
+    assert (r'\sphinxlineitem{boson\index{boson@\spxentry{boson}|spxpagem}\phantomsection'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:term-boson}}}' in result)
+    assert (r'\sphinxlineitem{\sphinxstyleemphasis{fermion}'
+            r'\index{fermion@\spxentry{fermion}|spxpagem}'
+            r'\phantomsection'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:term-fermion}}}' in result)
+    assert (r'\sphinxlineitem{tauon\index{tauon@\spxentry{tauon}|spxpagem}\phantomsection'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:term-tauon}}}'
+            r'\sphinxlineitem{myon\index{myon@\spxentry{myon}|spxpagem}\phantomsection'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:term-myon}}}'
+            r'\sphinxlineitem{electron\index{electron@\spxentry{electron}|spxpagem}\phantomsection'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:term-electron}}}' in result)
+    assert (r'\sphinxlineitem{über\index{über@\spxentry{über}|spxpagem}\phantomsection'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:term-uber}}}' in result)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-labels')
+def test_latex_labels(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # figures
+    assert (r'\caption{labeled figure}'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:id1}}'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:figure2}}'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:figure1}}'
+            r'\end{figure}' in result)
+    assert (r'\caption{labeled figure}'
+            '\\label{\\detokenize{index:figure3}}\n'
+            '\\begin{sphinxlegend}\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+            'with a legend\n\\end{sphinxlegend}\n'
+            r'\end{figure}' in result)
+
+    # code-blocks
+    assert (r'\def\sphinxLiteralBlockLabel{'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:codeblock2}}'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:codeblock1}}}' in result)
+    assert (r'\def\sphinxLiteralBlockLabel{'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:codeblock3}}}' in result)
+
+    # tables
+    assert (r'\sphinxcaption{table caption}'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:id2}}'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:table2}}'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:table1}}' in result)
+    assert (r'\sphinxcaption{table caption}'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:table3}}' in result)
+
+    # sections
+    assert ('\\chapter{subsection}\n'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:subsection}}'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:section2}}'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:section1}}' in result)
+    assert ('\\section{subsubsection}\n'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:subsubsection}}'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:section3}}' in result)
+    assert ('\\subsection{otherdoc}\n'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{otherdoc:otherdoc}}'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{otherdoc::doc}}' in result)
+
+    # Embedded standalone hyperlink reference (refs: #5948)
+    assert result.count(r'\label{\detokenize{index:section1}}') == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-figure-in-admonition')
+def test_latex_figure_in_admonition(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert r'\begin{figure}[H]' in result
+
+
+def test_default_latex_documents():
+    from sphinx.util import texescape
+    texescape.init()
+    config = Config({'root_doc': 'index',
+                     'project': 'STASI™ Documentation',
+                     'author': "Wolfgang Schäuble & G'Beckstein."})
+    config.add('latex_engine', None, True, None)
+    config.add('latex_theme', 'manual', True, None)
+    expected = [('index', 'stasi.tex', 'STASI™ Documentation',
+                 r"Wolfgang Schäuble \& G\textquotesingle{}Beckstein.\@{}", 'manual')]
+    assert default_latex_documents(config) == expected
+
+
+@skip_if_requested
+@skip_if_stylefiles_notfound
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-includegraphics')
+def test_includegraphics_oversized(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    compile_latex_document(app)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='index_on_title')
+def test_index_on_title(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('\\chapter{Test for index in top level title}\n'
+            '\\label{\\detokenize{contents:test-for-index-in-top-level-title}}'
+            '\\index{index@\\spxentry{index}}\n'
+            in result)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-unicode',
+                    confoverrides={'latex_engine': 'pdflatex'})
+def test_texescape_for_non_unicode_supported_engine(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert 'script small e: e' in result
+    assert 'double struck italic small i: i' in result
+    assert r'superscript: \(\sp{\text{0}}\), \(\sp{\text{1}}\)' in result
+    assert r'subscript: \(\sb{\text{0}}\), \(\sb{\text{1}}\)' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-unicode',
+                    confoverrides={'latex_engine': 'xelatex'})
+def test_texescape_for_unicode_supported_engine(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert 'script small e: e' in result
+    assert 'double struck italic small i: i' in result
+    assert 'superscript: ⁰, ¹' in result
+    assert 'subscript: ₀, ₁' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'latex_elements': {'extrapackages': r'\usepackage{foo}'}})
+def test_latex_elements_extrapackages(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'test.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert r'\usepackage{foo}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='nested-tables')
+def test_latex_nested_tables(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    assert warning.getvalue() == ''
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-container')
+def test_latex_container(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert r'\begin{sphinxuseclass}{classname}' in result
+    assert r'\end{sphinxuseclass}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='reST-code-role')
+def test_latex_code_role(app):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    common_content = (
+        r'\PYG{k}{def} '
+        r'\PYG{n+nf}{foo}'
+        r'\PYG{p}{(}'
+        r'\PYG{l+m+mi}{1} '
+        r'\PYG{o}{+} '
+        r'\PYG{l+m+mi}{2} '
+        r'\PYG{o}{+} '
+        r'\PYG{k+kc}{None} '
+        r'\PYG{o}{+} '
+        r'\PYG{l+s+s2}{\PYGZdq{}}'
+        r'\PYG{l+s+s2}{abc}'
+        r'\PYG{l+s+s2}{\PYGZdq{}}'
+        r'\PYG{p}{)}'
+        r'\PYG{p}{:} '
+        r'\PYG{k}{pass}')
+    assert (r'Inline \sphinxcode{\sphinxupquote{%' + '\n' +
+            common_content + '%\n}} code block') in content
+    assert (r'\begin{sphinxVerbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]' +
+            '\n' + common_content + '\n' + r'\end{sphinxVerbatim}') in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='images')
+def test_copy_images(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    test_dir = Path(app.outdir)
+    images = {
+        image.name for image in test_dir.rglob('*')
+        if image.suffix in {'.gif', '.pdf', '.png', '.svg'}
+    }
+    images.discard('sphinx.png')
+    assert images == {
+        'img.pdf',
+        'rimg.png',
+        'testimäge.png',
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-labels-before-module')
+def test_duplicated_labels_before_module(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content: str = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    def count_label(name):
+        text = r'\phantomsection\label{\detokenize{%s}}' % name
+        return content.count(text)
+
+    pattern = r'\\phantomsection\\label\{\\detokenize\{index:label-(?:auto-)?\d+[a-z]*}}'
+    # labels found in the TeX output
+    output_labels = frozenset(match.group() for match in re.finditer(pattern, content))
+    # labels that have been tested and occurring exactly once in the output
+    tested_labels = set()
+
+    # iterate over the (explicit) labels in the corresponding index.rst
+    for rst_label_name in [
+        'label_1a', 'label_1b', 'label_2', 'label_3',
+        'label_auto_1a', 'label_auto_1b', 'label_auto_2', 'label_auto_3',
+    ]:
+        tex_label_name = 'index:' + rst_label_name.replace('_', '-')
+        tex_label_code = r'\phantomsection\label{\detokenize{%s}}' % tex_label_name
+        assert content.count(tex_label_code) == 1, f'duplicated label: {tex_label_name!r}'
+        tested_labels.add(tex_label_code)
+
+    # ensure that we did not forget any label to check
+    # and if so, report them nicely in case of failure
+    assert sorted(tested_labels) == sorted(output_labels)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='domain-py-python_maximum_signature_line_length',
+                    confoverrides={'python_maximum_signature_line_length': 23})
+def test_one_parameter_per_line(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # TODO: should these asserts check presence or absence of a final \sphinxparamcomma?
+    # signature of 23 characters is too short to trigger one-param-per-line mark-up
+    assert ('\\pysiglinewithargsret{\\sphinxbfcode{\\sphinxupquote{hello}}}' in result)
+
+    assert ('\\pysigwithonelineperarg{\\sphinxbfcode{\\sphinxupquote{foo}}}' in result)
diff --git a/tests/test_builders/test_build_linkcheck.py b/tests/test_builders/test_build_linkcheck.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8d8515
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_builders/test_build_linkcheck.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1040 @@
+"""Test the build process with manpage builder with the test root."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import re
+import sys
+import textwrap
+import time
+import wsgiref.handlers
+from base64 import b64encode
+from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler
+from queue import Queue
+from unittest import mock
+
+import docutils
+import pytest
+from urllib3.poolmanager import PoolManager
+
+import sphinx.util.http_date
+from sphinx.builders.linkcheck import (
+    CheckRequest,
+    Hyperlink,
+    HyperlinkAvailabilityCheckWorker,
+    RateLimit,
+    compile_linkcheck_allowed_redirects,
+)
+from sphinx.deprecation import RemovedInSphinx80Warning
+from sphinx.util import requests
+from sphinx.util.console import strip_colors
+
+from tests.utils import CERT_FILE, serve_application
+
+ts_re = re.compile(r".*\[(?P<ts>.*)\].*")
+
+
+class DefaultsHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+    protocol_version = "HTTP/1.1"
+
+    def do_HEAD(self):
+        if self.path[1:].rstrip() in {"", "anchor.html"}:
+            self.send_response(200, "OK")
+            self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
+            self.end_headers()
+        else:
+            self.send_response(404, "Not Found")
+            self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
+            self.end_headers()
+
+    def do_GET(self):
+        if self.path[1:].rstrip() == "":
+            content = b"ok\n\n"
+        elif self.path[1:].rstrip() == "anchor.html":
+            doc = '<!DOCTYPE html><html><body><a id="found"></a></body></html>'
+            content = doc.encode("utf-8")
+        else:
+            content = b""
+
+        if content:
+            self.send_response(200, "OK")
+            self.send_header("Content-Length", str(len(content)))
+            self.end_headers()
+            self.wfile.write(content)
+        else:
+            self.send_response(404, "Not Found")
+            self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
+            self.end_headers()
+
+
+class ConnectionMeasurement:
+    """Measure the number of distinct host connections created during linkchecking"""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.connections = set()
+        self.urllib3_connection_from_url = PoolManager.connection_from_url
+        self.patcher = mock.patch.object(
+            target=PoolManager,
+            attribute='connection_from_url',
+            new=self._collect_connections(),
+        )
+
+    def _collect_connections(self):
+        def connection_collector(obj, url):
+            connection = self.urllib3_connection_from_url(obj, url)
+            self.connections.add(connection)
+            return connection
+        return connection_collector
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        self.patcher.start()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        for connection in self.connections:
+            connection.close()
+        self.patcher.stop()
+
+    @property
+    def connection_count(self):
+        return len(self.connections)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck', freshenv=True)
+def test_defaults(app):
+    with serve_application(app, DefaultsHandler) as address:
+        with ConnectionMeasurement() as m:
+            app.build()
+        assert m.connection_count <= 5
+
+    # Text output
+    assert (app.outdir / 'output.txt').exists()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # looking for '#top' and '#does-not-exist' not found should fail
+    assert "Anchor 'top' not found" in content
+    assert "Anchor 'does-not-exist' not found" in content
+    # images should fail
+    assert f"Not Found for url: http://{address}/image.png" in content
+    assert f"Not Found for url: http://{address}/image2.png" in content
+    # looking for missing local file should fail
+    assert "[broken] path/to/notfound" in content
+    assert len(content.splitlines()) == 5
+
+    # JSON output
+    assert (app.outdir / 'output.json').exists()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.json').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    rows = [json.loads(x) for x in content.splitlines()]
+    row = rows[0]
+    for attr in ("filename", "lineno", "status", "code", "uri", "info"):
+        assert attr in row
+
+    assert len(content.splitlines()) == 10
+    assert len(rows) == 10
+    # the output order of the rows is not stable
+    # due to possible variance in network latency
+    rowsby = {row["uri"]: row for row in rows}
+    # looking for local file that exists should succeed
+    assert rowsby["conf.py"]["status"] == "working"
+    assert rowsby[f"http://{address}#!bar"] == {
+        'filename': 'links.rst',
+        'lineno': 5,
+        'status': 'working',
+        'code': 0,
+        'uri': f'http://{address}#!bar',
+        'info': '',
+    }
+
+    def _missing_resource(filename: str, lineno: int):
+        return {
+            'filename': 'links.rst',
+            'lineno': lineno,
+            'status': 'broken',
+            'code': 0,
+            'uri': f'http://{address}/{filename}',
+            'info': f'404 Client Error: Not Found for url: http://{address}/{filename}',
+        }
+    accurate_linenumbers = docutils.__version_info__[:2] >= (0, 21)
+    image2_lineno = 12 if accurate_linenumbers else 13
+    assert rowsby[f'http://{address}/image2.png'] == _missing_resource("image2.png", image2_lineno)
+    # looking for '#top' and '#does-not-exist' not found should fail
+    assert rowsby[f"http://{address}/#top"]["info"] == "Anchor 'top' not found"
+    assert rowsby[f"http://{address}/#top"]["status"] == "broken"
+    assert rowsby[f"http://{address}#does-not-exist"]["info"] == "Anchor 'does-not-exist' not found"
+    # images should fail
+    assert f"Not Found for url: http://{address}/image.png" in rowsby[f"http://{address}/image.png"]["info"]
+    # anchor should be found
+    assert rowsby[f'http://{address}/anchor.html#found'] == {
+        'filename': 'links.rst',
+        'lineno': 14,
+        'status': 'working',
+        'code': 0,
+        'uri': f'http://{address}/anchor.html#found',
+        'info': '',
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck', freshenv=True,
+    confoverrides={'linkcheck_anchors': False})
+def test_check_link_response_only(app):
+    with serve_application(app, DefaultsHandler) as address:
+        app.build()
+
+    # JSON output
+    assert (app.outdir / 'output.json').exists()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.json').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    rows = [json.loads(x) for x in content.splitlines()]
+    rowsby = {row["uri"]: row for row in rows}
+    assert rowsby[f"http://{address}/#top"]["status"] == "working"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-too-many-retries', freshenv=True)
+def test_too_many_retries(app):
+    with serve_application(app, DefaultsHandler) as address:
+        app.build()
+
+    # Text output
+    assert (app.outdir / 'output.txt').exists()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # looking for non-existent URL should fail
+    assert " Max retries exceeded with url: /doesnotexist" in content
+
+    # JSON output
+    assert (app.outdir / 'output.json').exists()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.json').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    assert len(content.splitlines()) == 1
+    row = json.loads(content)
+    # the output order of the rows is not stable
+    # due to possible variance in network latency
+
+    # looking for non-existent URL should fail
+    assert row['filename'] == 'index.rst'
+    assert row['lineno'] == 1
+    assert row['status'] == 'broken'
+    assert row['code'] == 0
+    assert row['uri'] == f'https://{address}/doesnotexist'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-raw-node', freshenv=True)
+def test_raw_node(app):
+    with serve_application(app, OKHandler) as address:
+        # write an index file that contains a link back to this webserver's root
+        # URL.  docutils will replace the raw node with the contents retrieved..
+        # ..and then the linkchecker will check that the root URL is available.
+        index = (app.srcdir / "index.rst")
+        index.write_text(
+            ".. raw:: 'html'\n"
+            "   :url: http://{address}/".format(address=address),
+        )
+        app.build()
+
+    # JSON output
+    assert (app.outdir / 'output.json').exists()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.json').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    assert len(content.splitlines()) == 1
+    row = json.loads(content)
+
+    # raw nodes' url should be checked too
+    assert row == {
+        'filename': 'index.rst',
+        'lineno': 1,
+        'status': 'working',
+        'code': 0,
+        'uri': f'http://{address}/',  # the received rST contains a link to its' own URL
+        'info': '',
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-anchors-ignore', freshenv=True,
+    confoverrides={'linkcheck_anchors_ignore': ["^!", "^top$"]})
+def test_anchors_ignored(app):
+    with serve_application(app, OKHandler):
+        app.build()
+
+    assert (app.outdir / 'output.txt').exists()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # expect all ok when excluding #top
+    assert not content
+
+
+class AnchorsIgnoreForUrlHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+    def do_HEAD(self):
+        if self.path in {'/valid', '/ignored'}:
+            self.send_response(200, "OK")
+        else:
+            self.send_response(404, "Not Found")
+        self.end_headers()
+
+    def do_GET(self):
+        self.do_HEAD()
+        if self.path == '/valid':
+            self.wfile.write(b"<h1 id='valid-anchor'>valid anchor</h1>\n")
+        elif self.path == '/ignored':
+            self.wfile.write(b"no anchor but page exists\n")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-anchors-ignore-for-url', freshenv=True)
+def test_anchors_ignored_for_url(app):
+    with serve_application(app, AnchorsIgnoreForUrlHandler) as address:
+        app.config.linkcheck_anchors_ignore_for_url = [  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            f'http://{address}/ignored',  # existing page
+            f'http://{address}/invalid',  # unknown page
+        ]
+        app.build()
+
+    assert (app.outdir / 'output.txt').exists()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.json').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    attrs = ('filename', 'lineno', 'status', 'code', 'uri', 'info')
+    data = [json.loads(x) for x in content.splitlines()]
+    assert len(data) == 7
+    assert all(all(attr in row for attr in attrs) for row in data)
+
+    # rows may be unsorted due to network latency or
+    # the order the threads are processing the links
+    rows = {r['uri']: {'status': r['status'], 'info': r['info']} for r in data}
+
+    assert rows[f'http://{address}/valid']['status'] == 'working'
+    assert rows[f'http://{address}/valid#valid-anchor']['status'] == 'working'
+    assert rows[f'http://{address}/valid#invalid-anchor'] == {
+        'status': 'broken',
+        'info': "Anchor 'invalid-anchor' not found",
+    }
+
+    assert rows[f'http://{address}/ignored']['status'] == 'working'
+    assert rows[f'http://{address}/ignored#invalid-anchor']['status'] == 'working'
+
+    assert rows[f'http://{address}/invalid'] == {
+        'status': 'broken',
+        'info': f'404 Client Error: Not Found for url: http://{address}/invalid',
+    }
+    assert rows[f'http://{address}/invalid#anchor'] == {
+        'status': 'broken',
+        'info': f'404 Client Error: Not Found for url: http://{address}/invalid',
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver-anchor', freshenv=True)
+def test_raises_for_invalid_status(app):
+    class InternalServerErrorHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+        protocol_version = "HTTP/1.1"
+
+        def do_GET(self):
+            self.send_error(500, "Internal Server Error")
+
+    with serve_application(app, InternalServerErrorHandler) as address:
+        app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert content == (
+        f"index.rst:1: [broken] http://{address}/#anchor: "
+        "500 Server Error: Internal Server Error "
+        f"for url: http://{address}/\n"
+    )
+
+
+def custom_handler(valid_credentials=(), success_criteria=lambda _: True):
+    """
+    Returns an HTTP request handler that authenticates the client and then determines
+    an appropriate HTTP response code, based on caller-provided credentials and optional
+    success criteria, respectively.
+    """
+    expected_token = None
+    if valid_credentials:
+        assert len(valid_credentials) == 2, "expected a pair of strings as credentials"
+        expected_token = b64encode(":".join(valid_credentials).encode()).decode("utf-8")
+        del valid_credentials
+
+    class CustomHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+        protocol_version = "HTTP/1.1"
+
+        def authenticated(method):
+            def method_if_authenticated(self):
+                if expected_token is None:
+                    return method(self)
+                elif not self.headers["Authorization"]:
+                    self.send_response(401, "Unauthorized")
+                    self.end_headers()
+                elif self.headers["Authorization"] == f"Basic {expected_token}":
+                    return method(self)
+                else:
+                    self.send_response(403, "Forbidden")
+                    self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
+                    self.end_headers()
+
+            return method_if_authenticated
+
+        @authenticated
+        def do_HEAD(self):
+            self.do_GET()
+
+        @authenticated
+        def do_GET(self):
+            if success_criteria(self):
+                self.send_response(200, "OK")
+                self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
+            else:
+                self.send_response(400, "Bad Request")
+                self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
+            self.end_headers()
+
+    return CustomHandler
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True)
+def test_auth_header_uses_first_match(app):
+    with serve_application(app, custom_handler(valid_credentials=("user1", "password"))) as address:
+        app.config.linkcheck_auth = [  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            (r'^$', ('no', 'match')),
+            (fr'^http://{re.escape(address)}/$', ('user1', 'password')),
+            (r'.*local.*', ('user2', 'hunter2')),
+        ]
+        app.build()
+
+    with open(app.outdir / "output.json", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
+        content = json.load(fp)
+
+    assert content["status"] == "working"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.filterwarnings('ignore::sphinx.deprecation.RemovedInSphinx80Warning')
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True,
+    confoverrides={'linkcheck_allow_unauthorized': False})
+def test_unauthorized_broken(app):
+    with serve_application(app, custom_handler(valid_credentials=("user1", "password"))):
+        app.build()
+
+    with open(app.outdir / "output.json", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
+        content = json.load(fp)
+
+    assert content["info"] == "unauthorized"
+    assert content["status"] == "broken"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True,
+    confoverrides={'linkcheck_auth': [(r'^$', ('user1', 'password'))]})
+def test_auth_header_no_match(app):
+    with (
+        serve_application(app, custom_handler(valid_credentials=("user1", "password"))),
+        pytest.warns(RemovedInSphinx80Warning, match='linkcheck builder encountered an HTTP 401'),
+    ):
+        app.build()
+
+    with open(app.outdir / "output.json", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
+        content = json.load(fp)
+
+    # This link is considered working based on the default linkcheck_allow_unauthorized=true
+    assert content["info"] == "unauthorized"
+    assert content["status"] == "working"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True)
+def test_linkcheck_request_headers(app):
+    def check_headers(self):
+        if "X-Secret" in self.headers:
+            return False
+        return self.headers["Accept"] == "text/html"
+
+    with serve_application(app, custom_handler(success_criteria=check_headers)) as address:
+        app.config.linkcheck_request_headers = {  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            f"http://{address}/": {"Accept": "text/html"},
+            "*": {"X-Secret": "open sesami"},
+        }
+        app.build()
+
+    with open(app.outdir / "output.json", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
+        content = json.load(fp)
+
+    assert content["status"] == "working"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True)
+def test_linkcheck_request_headers_no_slash(app):
+    def check_headers(self):
+        if "X-Secret" in self.headers:
+            return False
+        return self.headers["Accept"] == "application/json"
+
+    with serve_application(app, custom_handler(success_criteria=check_headers)) as address:
+        app.config.linkcheck_request_headers = {  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            f"http://{address}": {"Accept": "application/json"},
+            "*": {"X-Secret": "open sesami"},
+        }
+        app.build()
+
+    with open(app.outdir / "output.json", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
+        content = json.load(fp)
+
+    assert content["status"] == "working"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True,
+    confoverrides={'linkcheck_request_headers': {
+        "http://do.not.match.org": {"Accept": "application/json"},
+        "*": {"X-Secret": "open sesami"},
+    }})
+def test_linkcheck_request_headers_default(app):
+    def check_headers(self):
+        if self.headers["X-Secret"] != "open sesami":
+            return False
+        return self.headers["Accept"] != "application/json"
+
+    with serve_application(app, custom_handler(success_criteria=check_headers)):
+        app.build()
+
+    with open(app.outdir / "output.json", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
+        content = json.load(fp)
+
+    assert content["status"] == "working"
+
+
+def make_redirect_handler(*, support_head):
+    class RedirectOnceHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+        protocol_version = "HTTP/1.1"
+
+        def do_HEAD(self):
+            if support_head:
+                self.do_GET()
+            else:
+                self.send_response(405, "Method Not Allowed")
+                self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
+                self.end_headers()
+
+        def do_GET(self):
+            if self.path == "/?redirected=1":
+                self.send_response(204, "No content")
+            else:
+                self.send_response(302, "Found")
+                self.send_header("Location", "/?redirected=1")
+            self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
+            self.end_headers()
+
+        def log_date_time_string(self):
+            """Strip date and time from logged messages for assertions."""
+            return ""
+
+    return RedirectOnceHandler
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True)
+def test_follows_redirects_on_HEAD(app, capsys, warning):
+    with serve_application(app, make_redirect_handler(support_head=True)) as address:
+        app.build()
+    stdout, stderr = capsys.readouterr()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert content == (
+        "index.rst:1: [redirected with Found] "
+        f"http://{address}/ to http://{address}/?redirected=1\n"
+    )
+    assert stderr == textwrap.dedent(
+        """\
+        127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 302 -
+        127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD /?redirected=1 HTTP/1.1" 204 -
+        """,
+    )
+    assert warning.getvalue() == ''
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True)
+def test_follows_redirects_on_GET(app, capsys, warning):
+    with serve_application(app, make_redirect_handler(support_head=False)) as address:
+        app.build()
+    stdout, stderr = capsys.readouterr()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert content == (
+        "index.rst:1: [redirected with Found] "
+        f"http://{address}/ to http://{address}/?redirected=1\n"
+    )
+    assert stderr == textwrap.dedent(
+        """\
+        127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 405 -
+        127.0.0.1 - - [] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 302 -
+        127.0.0.1 - - [] "GET /?redirected=1 HTTP/1.1" 204 -
+        """,
+    )
+    assert warning.getvalue() == ''
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver-warn-redirects')
+def test_linkcheck_allowed_redirects(app, warning):
+    with serve_application(app, make_redirect_handler(support_head=False)) as address:
+        app.config.linkcheck_allowed_redirects = {f'http://{address}/.*1': '.*'}  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        compile_linkcheck_allowed_redirects(app, app.config)
+        app.build()
+
+    with open(app.outdir / 'output.json', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
+        rows = [json.loads(l) for l in fp]
+
+    assert len(rows) == 2
+    records = {row["uri"]: row for row in rows}
+    assert records[f"http://{address}/path1"]["status"] == "working"
+    assert records[f"http://{address}/path2"] == {
+        'filename': 'index.rst',
+        'lineno': 3,
+        'status': 'redirected',
+        'code': 302,
+        'uri': f'http://{address}/path2',
+        'info': f'http://{address}/?redirected=1',
+    }
+
+    assert (f"index.rst:3: WARNING: redirect  http://{address}/path2 - with Found to "
+            f"http://{address}/?redirected=1\n" in strip_colors(warning.getvalue()))
+    assert len(warning.getvalue().splitlines()) == 1
+
+
+class OKHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+    protocol_version = "HTTP/1.1"
+
+    def do_HEAD(self):
+        self.send_response(200, "OK")
+        self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
+        self.end_headers()
+
+    def do_GET(self):
+        content = b"ok\n"
+        self.send_response(200, "OK")
+        self.send_header("Content-Length", str(len(content)))
+        self.end_headers()
+        self.wfile.write(content)
+
+
+@mock.patch("sphinx.builders.linkcheck.requests.get", wraps=requests.get)
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver-https', freshenv=True)
+def test_invalid_ssl(get_request, app):
+    # Link indicates SSL should be used (https) but the server does not handle it.
+    with serve_application(app, OKHandler) as address:
+        app.build()
+        assert not get_request.called
+
+    with open(app.outdir / 'output.json', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
+        content = json.load(fp)
+    assert content["status"] == "broken"
+    assert content["filename"] == "index.rst"
+    assert content["lineno"] == 1
+    assert content["uri"] == f"https://{address}/"
+    assert "SSLError" in content["info"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver-https', freshenv=True)
+def test_connect_to_selfsigned_fails(app):
+    with serve_application(app, OKHandler, tls_enabled=True) as address:
+        app.build()
+
+    with open(app.outdir / 'output.json', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
+        content = json.load(fp)
+    assert content["status"] == "broken"
+    assert content["filename"] == "index.rst"
+    assert content["lineno"] == 1
+    assert content["uri"] == f"https://{address}/"
+    assert "[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED]" in content["info"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver-https', freshenv=True)
+def test_connect_to_selfsigned_with_tls_verify_false(app):
+    app.config.tls_verify = False
+    with serve_application(app, OKHandler, tls_enabled=True) as address:
+        app.build()
+
+    with open(app.outdir / 'output.json', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
+        content = json.load(fp)
+    assert content == {
+        "code": 0,
+        "status": "working",
+        "filename": "index.rst",
+        "lineno": 1,
+        "uri": f'https://{address}/',
+        "info": "",
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver-https', freshenv=True)
+def test_connect_to_selfsigned_with_tls_cacerts(app):
+    app.config.tls_cacerts = CERT_FILE
+    with serve_application(app, OKHandler, tls_enabled=True) as address:
+        app.build()
+
+    with open(app.outdir / 'output.json', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
+        content = json.load(fp)
+    assert content == {
+        "code": 0,
+        "status": "working",
+        "filename": "index.rst",
+        "lineno": 1,
+        "uri": f'https://{address}/',
+        "info": "",
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver-https', freshenv=True)
+def test_connect_to_selfsigned_with_requests_env_var(monkeypatch, app):
+    monkeypatch.setenv("REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE", CERT_FILE)
+    with serve_application(app, OKHandler, tls_enabled=True) as address:
+        app.build()
+
+    with open(app.outdir / 'output.json', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
+        content = json.load(fp)
+    assert content == {
+        "code": 0,
+        "status": "working",
+        "filename": "index.rst",
+        "lineno": 1,
+        "uri": f'https://{address}/',
+        "info": "",
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver-https', freshenv=True)
+def test_connect_to_selfsigned_nonexistent_cert_file(app):
+    app.config.tls_cacerts = "does/not/exist"
+    with serve_application(app, OKHandler, tls_enabled=True) as address:
+        app.build()
+
+    with open(app.outdir / 'output.json', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
+        content = json.load(fp)
+    assert content == {
+        "code": 0,
+        "status": "broken",
+        "filename": "index.rst",
+        "lineno": 1,
+        "uri": f'https://{address}/',
+        "info": "Could not find a suitable TLS CA certificate bundle, invalid path: does/not/exist",
+    }
+
+
+class InfiniteRedirectOnHeadHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+    protocol_version = "HTTP/1.1"
+
+    def do_HEAD(self):
+        self.send_response(302, "Found")
+        self.send_header("Location", "/")
+        self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
+        self.end_headers()
+
+    def do_GET(self):
+        content = b"ok\n"
+        self.send_response(200, "OK")
+        self.send_header("Content-Length", str(len(content)))
+        self.end_headers()
+        self.wfile.write(content)
+        self.close_connection = True  # we don't expect the client to read this response body
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True)
+def test_TooManyRedirects_on_HEAD(app, monkeypatch):
+    import requests.sessions
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(requests.sessions, "DEFAULT_REDIRECT_LIMIT", 5)
+
+    with serve_application(app, InfiniteRedirectOnHeadHandler) as address:
+        app.build()
+
+    with open(app.outdir / 'output.json', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
+        content = json.load(fp)
+    assert content == {
+        "code": 0,
+        "status": "working",
+        "filename": "index.rst",
+        "lineno": 1,
+        "uri": f'http://{address}/',
+        "info": "",
+    }
+
+
+def make_retry_after_handler(responses):
+    class RetryAfterHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+        protocol_version = "HTTP/1.1"
+
+        def do_HEAD(self):
+            status, retry_after = responses.pop(0)
+            self.send_response(status)
+            if retry_after:
+                self.send_header('Retry-After', retry_after)
+            self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
+            self.end_headers()
+
+        def log_date_time_string(self):
+            """Strip date and time from logged messages for assertions."""
+            return ""
+
+    return RetryAfterHandler
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True)
+def test_too_many_requests_retry_after_int_delay(app, capsys, status):
+    with (
+        serve_application(app, make_retry_after_handler([(429, "0"), (200, None)])) as address,
+        mock.patch("sphinx.builders.linkcheck.DEFAULT_DELAY", 0),
+        mock.patch("sphinx.builders.linkcheck.QUEUE_POLL_SECS", 0.01),
+    ):
+        app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.json').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert json.loads(content) == {
+        "filename": "index.rst",
+        "lineno": 1,
+        "status": "working",
+        "code": 0,
+        "uri": f'http://{address}/',
+        "info": "",
+    }
+    rate_limit_log = f"-rate limited-   http://{address}/ | sleeping...\n"
+    assert rate_limit_log in strip_colors(status.getvalue())
+    _stdout, stderr = capsys.readouterr()
+    assert stderr == textwrap.dedent(
+        """\
+        127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 429 -
+        127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
+        """,
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('tz', [None, 'GMT', 'GMT+3', 'GMT-3'])
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True)
+def test_too_many_requests_retry_after_HTTP_date(tz, app, monkeypatch, capsys):
+    retry_after = wsgiref.handlers.format_date_time(time.time())
+
+    with monkeypatch.context() as m:
+        if tz is not None:
+            m.setenv('TZ', tz)
+            if sys.platform != "win32":
+                time.tzset()
+            m.setattr(sphinx.util.http_date, '_GMT_OFFSET',
+                      float(time.localtime().tm_gmtoff))
+
+        with serve_application(app, make_retry_after_handler([(429, retry_after), (200, None)])) as address:
+            app.build()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.json').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert json.loads(content) == {
+        "filename": "index.rst",
+        "lineno": 1,
+        "status": "working",
+        "code": 0,
+        "uri": f'http://{address}/',
+        "info": "",
+    }
+    _stdout, stderr = capsys.readouterr()
+    assert stderr == textwrap.dedent(
+        """\
+        127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 429 -
+        127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
+        """,
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True)
+def test_too_many_requests_retry_after_without_header(app, capsys):
+    with (
+        serve_application(app, make_retry_after_handler([(429, None), (200, None)])) as address,
+        mock.patch("sphinx.builders.linkcheck.DEFAULT_DELAY", 0),
+    ):
+        app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.json').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert json.loads(content) == {
+        "filename": "index.rst",
+        "lineno": 1,
+        "status": "working",
+        "code": 0,
+        "uri": f'http://{address}/',
+        "info": "",
+    }
+    _stdout, stderr = capsys.readouterr()
+    assert stderr == textwrap.dedent(
+        """\
+        127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 429 -
+        127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
+        """,
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True,
+    confoverrides={
+        'linkcheck_report_timeouts_as_broken': False,
+        'linkcheck_timeout': 0.01,
+    }
+)
+def test_requests_timeout(app):
+    class DelayedResponseHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+        protocol_version = "HTTP/1.1"
+
+        def do_GET(self):
+            time.sleep(0.2)  # wait before sending any response data
+            self.send_response(200, "OK")
+            self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
+            self.end_headers()
+
+    with serve_application(app, DelayedResponseHandler):
+        app.build()
+
+    with open(app.outdir / "output.json", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
+        content = json.load(fp)
+
+    assert content["status"] == "timeout"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True)
+def test_too_many_requests_user_timeout(app):
+    app.config.linkcheck_rate_limit_timeout = 0.0
+    with serve_application(app, make_retry_after_handler([(429, None)])) as address:
+        app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.json').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert json.loads(content) == {
+        "filename": "index.rst",
+        "lineno": 1,
+        "status": "broken",
+        "code": 0,
+        "uri": f'http://{address}/',
+        "info": f"429 Client Error: Too Many Requests for url: http://{address}/",
+    }
+
+
+class FakeResponse:
+    headers: dict[str, str] = {}
+    url = "http://localhost/"
+
+
+def test_limit_rate_default_sleep(app):
+    worker = HyperlinkAvailabilityCheckWorker(app.config, Queue(), Queue(), {})
+    with mock.patch('time.time', return_value=0.0):
+        next_check = worker.limit_rate(FakeResponse.url, FakeResponse.headers.get("Retry-After"))
+    assert next_check == 60.0
+
+
+def test_limit_rate_user_max_delay(app):
+    app.config.linkcheck_rate_limit_timeout = 0.0
+    worker = HyperlinkAvailabilityCheckWorker(app.config, Queue(), Queue(), {})
+    next_check = worker.limit_rate(FakeResponse.url, FakeResponse.headers.get("Retry-After"))
+    assert next_check is None
+
+
+def test_limit_rate_doubles_previous_wait_time(app):
+    rate_limits = {"localhost": RateLimit(60.0, 0.0)}
+    worker = HyperlinkAvailabilityCheckWorker(app.config, Queue(), Queue(), rate_limits)
+    with mock.patch('time.time', return_value=0.0):
+        next_check = worker.limit_rate(FakeResponse.url, FakeResponse.headers.get("Retry-After"))
+    assert next_check == 120.0
+
+
+def test_limit_rate_clips_wait_time_to_max_time(app):
+    app.config.linkcheck_rate_limit_timeout = 90.0
+    rate_limits = {"localhost": RateLimit(60.0, 0.0)}
+    worker = HyperlinkAvailabilityCheckWorker(app.config, Queue(), Queue(), rate_limits)
+    with mock.patch('time.time', return_value=0.0):
+        next_check = worker.limit_rate(FakeResponse.url, FakeResponse.headers.get("Retry-After"))
+    assert next_check == 90.0
+
+
+def test_limit_rate_bails_out_after_waiting_max_time(app):
+    app.config.linkcheck_rate_limit_timeout = 90.0
+    rate_limits = {"localhost": RateLimit(90.0, 0.0)}
+    worker = HyperlinkAvailabilityCheckWorker(app.config, Queue(), Queue(), rate_limits)
+    next_check = worker.limit_rate(FakeResponse.url, FakeResponse.headers.get("Retry-After"))
+    assert next_check is None
+
+
+@mock.patch('sphinx.util.requests.requests.Session.get_adapter')
+def test_connection_contention(get_adapter, app, capsys):
+    # Create a shared, but limited-size, connection pool
+    import requests
+    get_adapter.return_value = requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter(pool_maxsize=1)
+
+    # Set an upper-bound on socket timeouts globally
+    import socket
+    socket.setdefaulttimeout(5)
+
+    # Create parallel consumer threads
+    with serve_application(app, make_redirect_handler(support_head=True)) as address:
+
+        # Place a workload into the linkcheck queue
+        link_count = 10
+        rqueue, wqueue = Queue(), Queue()
+        for _ in range(link_count):
+            wqueue.put(CheckRequest(0, Hyperlink(f"http://{address}", "test", "test.rst", 1)))
+
+        begin, checked = time.time(), []
+        threads = [
+            HyperlinkAvailabilityCheckWorker(
+                config=app.config,
+                rqueue=rqueue,
+                wqueue=wqueue,
+                rate_limits={},
+            )
+            for _ in range(10)
+        ]
+        for thread in threads:
+            thread.start()
+        while time.time() < begin + 5 and len(checked) < link_count:
+            checked.append(rqueue.get(timeout=5))
+        for thread in threads:
+            thread.join(timeout=0)
+
+    # Ensure that all items were consumed within the time limit
+    _, stderr = capsys.readouterr()
+    assert len(checked) == link_count
+    assert "TimeoutError" not in stderr
+
+
+class ConnectionResetHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+    protocol_version = "HTTP/1.1"
+
+    def do_HEAD(self):
+        self.close_connection = True
+
+    def do_GET(self):
+        self.send_response(200, "OK")
+        self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
+        self.end_headers()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True)
+def test_get_after_head_raises_connection_error(app):
+    with serve_application(app, ConnectionResetHandler) as address:
+        app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert not content
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.json').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert json.loads(content) == {
+        "filename": "index.rst",
+        "lineno": 1,
+        "status": "working",
+        "code": 0,
+        "uri": f'http://{address}/',
+        "info": "",
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-documents_exclude', freshenv=True)
+def test_linkcheck_exclude_documents(app):
+    with serve_application(app, DefaultsHandler):
+        app.build()
+
+    with open(app.outdir / 'output.json', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
+        content = [json.loads(record) for record in fp]
+
+    assert len(content) == 2
+    assert {
+        'filename': 'broken_link.rst',
+        'lineno': 4,
+        'status': 'ignored',
+        'code': 0,
+        'uri': 'https://www.sphinx-doc.org/this-is-a-broken-link',
+        'info': 'broken_link matched ^broken_link$ from linkcheck_exclude_documents',
+    } in content
+    assert {
+        'filename': 'br0ken_link.rst',
+        'lineno': 4,
+        'status': 'ignored',
+        'code': 0,
+        'uri': 'https://www.sphinx-doc.org/this-is-another-broken-link',
+        'info': 'br0ken_link matched br[0-9]ken_link from linkcheck_exclude_documents',
+    } in content
diff --git a/tests/test_builders/test_build_manpage.py b/tests/test_builders/test_build_manpage.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7172281
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_builders/test_build_manpage.py
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+"""Test the build process with manpage builder with the test root."""
+
+import docutils
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.builders.manpage import default_man_pages
+from sphinx.config import Config
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('man')
+def test_all(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    assert (app.outdir / 'sphinxtests.1').exists()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'sphinxtests.1').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert r'\fBprint \fP\fIi\fP\fB\en\fP' in content
+    assert r'\fBmanpage\en\fP' in content
+
+    # heading (title + description)
+    assert r'sphinxtests \- Sphinx <Tests> 0.6alpha1' in content
+
+    # term of definition list including nodes.strong
+    assert '\n.B term1\n' in content
+    assert '\nterm2 (\\fBstronged partially\\fP)\n' in content
+
+    # test samp with braces
+    assert '\n\\fIvariable_only\\fP\n' in content
+    assert '\n\\fIvariable\\fP\\fB and text\\fP\n' in content
+    assert '\n\\fBShow \\fP\\fIvariable\\fP\\fB in the middle\\fP\n' in content
+
+    assert 'Footnotes' not in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('man', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'man_pages': [('index', 'title', None, [], 1)]})
+def test_man_pages_empty_description(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'title.1').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert r'title \-' not in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('man', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'man_make_section_directory': True})
+def test_man_make_section_directory(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    assert (app.outdir / 'man1' / 'python.1').exists()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('man', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_captioned_code_block(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    content = (app.outdir / 'python.1').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    if docutils.__version_info__[:2] < (0, 21):
+        expected = """\
+.sp
+caption \\fItest\\fP rb
+.INDENT 0.0
+.INDENT 3.5
+.sp
+.nf
+.ft C
+def ruby?
+    false
+end
+.ft P
+.fi
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+"""
+    else:
+        expected = """\
+.sp
+caption \\fItest\\fP rb
+.INDENT 0.0
+.INDENT 3.5
+.sp
+.EX
+def ruby?
+    false
+end
+.EE
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+"""
+
+    assert expected in content
+
+
+def test_default_man_pages():
+    config = Config({'project': 'STASI™ Documentation',
+                     'author': "Wolfgang Schäuble & G'Beckstein",
+                     'release': '1.0'})
+    expected = [('index', 'stasi', 'STASI™ Documentation 1.0',
+                 ["Wolfgang Schäuble & G'Beckstein"], 1)]
+    assert default_man_pages(config) == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('man', testroot='markup-rubric')
+def test_rubric(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'python.1').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'This is a rubric\n' in content
diff --git a/tests/test_builders/test_build_texinfo.py b/tests/test_builders/test_build_texinfo.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9effb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_builders/test_build_texinfo.py
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+"""Test the build process with Texinfo builder with the test root."""
+
+import re
+import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
+from subprocess import CalledProcessError
+from unittest.mock import Mock
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.builders.texinfo import default_texinfo_documents
+from sphinx.config import Config
+from sphinx.util.docutils import new_document
+from sphinx.writers.texinfo import TexinfoTranslator
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('texinfo')
+def test_texinfo(app, status, warning):
+    TexinfoTranslator.ignore_missing_images = True
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxtests.texi').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('@anchor{markup doc}@anchor{11}'
+            '@anchor{markup id1}@anchor{12}'
+            '@anchor{markup testing-various-markup}@anchor{13}' in result)
+    assert 'Footnotes' not in result
+    # now, try to run makeinfo over it
+    try:
+        args = ['makeinfo', '--no-split', 'sphinxtests.texi']
+        subprocess.run(args, capture_output=True, cwd=app.outdir, check=True)
+    except OSError as exc:
+        raise pytest.skip.Exception from exc  # most likely makeinfo was not found
+    except CalledProcessError as exc:
+        print(exc.stdout)
+        print(exc.stderr)
+        msg = f'makeinfo exited with return code {exc.retcode}'
+        raise AssertionError(msg) from exc
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('texinfo', testroot='markup-rubric')
+def test_texinfo_rubric(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    output = (app.outdir / 'python.texi').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '@heading This is a rubric' in output
+    assert '@heading This is a multiline rubric' in output
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('texinfo', testroot='markup-citation')
+def test_texinfo_citation(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    output = (app.outdir / 'python.texi').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'This is a citation ref; @ref{1,,[CITE1]} and @ref{2,,[CITE2]}.' in output
+    assert ('@anchor{index cite1}@anchor{1}@w{(CITE1)} \n'
+            'This is a citation\n') in output
+    assert ('@anchor{index cite2}@anchor{2}@w{(CITE2)} \n'
+            'This is a multiline citation\n') in output
+
+
+def test_default_texinfo_documents():
+    config = Config({'project': 'STASI™ Documentation',
+                     'author': "Wolfgang Schäuble & G'Beckstein"})
+    expected = [('index', 'stasi', 'STASI™ Documentation',
+                 "Wolfgang Schäuble & G'Beckstein", 'stasi',
+                 'One line description of project', 'Miscellaneous')]
+    assert default_texinfo_documents(config) == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('texinfo')
+def test_texinfo_escape_id(app, status, warning):
+    settings = Mock(title='',
+                    texinfo_dir_entry='',
+                    texinfo_elements={})
+    document = new_document('', settings)
+    translator = app.builder.create_translator(document, app.builder)
+
+    assert translator.escape_id('Hello world') == 'Hello world'
+    assert translator.escape_id('Hello    world') == 'Hello world'
+    assert translator.escape_id('Hello   Sphinx   world') == 'Hello Sphinx world'
+    assert translator.escape_id('Hello:world') == 'Hello world'
+    assert translator.escape_id('Hello(world)') == 'Hello world'
+    assert translator.escape_id('Hello world.') == 'Hello world'
+    assert translator.escape_id('.') == '.'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('texinfo', testroot='footnotes')
+def test_texinfo_footnote(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    output = (app.outdir / 'python.texi').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'First footnote: @footnote{\nFirst\n}' in output
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('texinfo')
+def test_texinfo_xrefs(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    output = (app.outdir / 'sphinxtests.texi').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert re.search(r'@ref{\w+,,--plugin\.option}', output)
+
+    # Now rebuild it without xrefs
+    app.config.texinfo_cross_references = False
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    output = (app.outdir / 'sphinxtests.texi').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert not re.search(r'@ref{\w+,,--plugin\.option}', output)
+    assert 'Link to perl +p, --ObjC++, --plugin.option, create-auth-token, arg and -j' in output
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('texinfo', testroot='root')
+def test_texinfo_samp_with_variable(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    output = (app.outdir / 'sphinxtests.texi').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    assert '@code{@var{variable_only}}' in output
+    assert '@code{@var{variable} and text}' in output
+    assert '@code{Show @var{variable} in the middle}' in output
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('texinfo', testroot='images')
+def test_copy_images(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    images_dir = Path(app.outdir) / 'python-figures'
+    images = {image.name for image in images_dir.rglob('*')}
+    images.discard('python-logo.png')
+    assert images == {
+        'img.png',
+        'rimg.png',
+        'testimäge.png',
+    }
diff --git a/tests/test_builders/test_build_text.py b/tests/test_builders/test_build_text.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6dc0d03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_builders/test_build_text.py
@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+"""Test the build process with Text builder with the test root."""
+
+import pytest
+from docutils.utils import column_width
+
+from sphinx.writers.text import MAXWIDTH, Cell, Table
+
+
+def with_text_app(*args, **kw):
+    default_kw = {
+        'buildername': 'text',
+        'testroot': 'build-text',
+    }
+    default_kw.update(kw)
+    return pytest.mark.sphinx(*args, **default_kw)
+
+
+@with_text_app()
+def test_maxwitdh_with_prefix(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'maxwidth.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    lines = result.splitlines()
+    line_widths = [column_width(line) for line in lines]
+    assert max(line_widths) < MAXWIDTH
+    assert lines[0].startswith('See also:')
+    assert lines[1].startswith('')
+    assert lines[2].startswith('  ham')
+    assert lines[3].startswith('  ham')
+    assert lines[4] == ''
+    assert lines[5].startswith('* ham')
+    assert lines[6].startswith('  ham')
+    assert lines[7] == ''
+    assert lines[8].startswith('* ham')
+    assert lines[9].startswith('  ham')
+    assert lines[10] == ''
+    assert lines[11].startswith('spam egg')
+
+
+@with_text_app()
+def test_lineblock(app, status, warning):
+    # regression test for #1109: need empty line after line block
+    app.build()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'lineblock.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = (
+        "* one\n"
+        "\n"
+        "     line-block 1\n"
+        "     line-block 2\n"
+        "\n"
+        "followed paragraph.\n"
+    )
+    assert result == expect
+
+
+@with_text_app()
+def test_nonascii_title_line(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'nonascii_title.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect_underline = '*********'
+    result_underline = result.splitlines()[1].strip()
+    assert expect_underline == result_underline
+
+
+@with_text_app()
+def test_nonascii_table(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'nonascii_table.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    lines = [line.strip() for line in result.splitlines() if line.strip()]
+    line_widths = [column_width(line) for line in lines]
+    assert len(set(line_widths)) == 1  # same widths
+
+
+@with_text_app()
+def test_nonascii_maxwidth(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'nonascii_maxwidth.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    lines = [line.strip() for line in result.splitlines() if line.strip()]
+    line_widths = [column_width(line) for line in lines]
+    assert max(line_widths) < MAXWIDTH
+
+
+def test_table_builder():
+    table = Table([6, 6])
+    table.add_cell(Cell("foo"))
+    table.add_cell(Cell("bar"))
+    table_str = str(table).split("\n")
+    assert table_str[0] == "+--------+--------+"
+    assert table_str[1] == "| foo    | bar    |"
+    assert table_str[2] == "+--------+--------+"
+    assert repr(table).count("<Cell ") == 2
+
+
+def test_table_separator():
+    table = Table([6, 6])
+    table.add_cell(Cell("foo"))
+    table.add_cell(Cell("bar"))
+    table.set_separator()
+    table.add_row()
+    table.add_cell(Cell("FOO"))
+    table.add_cell(Cell("BAR"))
+    table_str = str(table).split("\n")
+    assert table_str[0] == "+--------+--------+"
+    assert table_str[1] == "| foo    | bar    |"
+    assert table_str[2] == "|========|========|"
+    assert table_str[3] == "| FOO    | BAR    |"
+    assert table_str[4] == "+--------+--------+"
+    assert repr(table).count("<Cell ") == 4
+
+
+def test_table_cell():
+    cell = Cell("Foo bar baz")
+    cell.wrap(3)
+    assert "Cell" in repr(cell)
+    assert cell.wrapped == ["Foo", "bar", "baz"]
+
+
+@with_text_app()
+def test_table_with_empty_cell(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'table.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    lines = [line.strip() for line in result.splitlines() if line.strip()]
+    assert lines[0] == "+-------+-------+"
+    assert lines[1] == "| XXX   | XXX   |"
+    assert lines[2] == "+-------+-------+"
+    assert lines[3] == "|       | XXX   |"
+    assert lines[4] == "+-------+-------+"
+    assert lines[5] == "| XXX   |       |"
+    assert lines[6] == "+-------+-------+"
+
+
+@with_text_app()
+def test_table_with_rowspan(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'table_rowspan.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    lines = [line.strip() for line in result.splitlines() if line.strip()]
+    assert lines[0] == "+-------+-------+"
+    assert lines[1] == "| XXXXXXXXX     |"
+    assert lines[2] == "+-------+-------+"
+    assert lines[3] == "|       | XXX   |"
+    assert lines[4] == "+-------+-------+"
+    assert lines[5] == "| XXX   |       |"
+    assert lines[6] == "+-------+-------+"
+
+
+@with_text_app()
+def test_table_with_colspan(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'table_colspan.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    lines = [line.strip() for line in result.splitlines() if line.strip()]
+    assert lines[0] == "+-------+-------+"
+    assert lines[1] == "| XXX   | XXX   |"
+    assert lines[2] == "+-------+-------+"
+    assert lines[3] == "|       | XXX   |"
+    assert lines[4] == "+-------+       |"
+    assert lines[5] == "| XXX   |       |"
+    assert lines[6] == "+-------+-------+"
+
+
+@with_text_app()
+def test_table_with_colspan_left(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'table_colspan_left.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    lines = [line.strip() for line in result.splitlines() if line.strip()]
+    assert lines[0] == "+-------+-------+"
+    assert lines[1] == "| XXX   | XXX   |"
+    assert lines[2] == "+-------+-------+"
+    assert lines[3] == "| XXX   | XXX   |"
+    assert lines[4] == "|       +-------+"
+    assert lines[5] == "|       |       |"
+    assert lines[6] == "+-------+-------+"
+
+
+@with_text_app()
+def test_table_with_colspan_and_rowspan(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'table_colspan_and_rowspan.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    lines = [line.strip() for line in result.splitlines() if line.strip()]
+    assert result
+    assert lines[0] == "+-------+-------+-------+"
+    assert lines[1] == "| AAA           | BBB   |"
+    assert lines[2] == "+-------+-------+       |"
+    assert lines[3] == "| DDD   | XXX   |       |"
+    assert lines[4] == "|       +-------+-------+"
+    assert lines[5] == "|       | CCC           |"
+    assert lines[6] == "+-------+-------+-------+"
+
+
+@with_text_app()
+def test_list_items_in_admonition(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'listitems.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    lines = [line.rstrip() for line in result.splitlines()]
+    assert lines[0] == "See also:"
+    assert lines[1] == ""
+    assert lines[2] == "  * item 1"
+    assert lines[3] == ""
+    assert lines[4] == "  * item 2"
+
+
+@with_text_app()
+def test_secnums(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    index = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    lines = index.splitlines()
+    assert lines[0] == "* 1. Section A"
+    assert lines[1] == ""
+    assert lines[2] == "* 2. Section B"
+    assert lines[3] == ""
+    assert lines[4] == "  * 2.1. Sub Ba"
+    assert lines[5] == ""
+    assert lines[6] == "  * 2.2. Sub Bb"
+    doc2 = (app.outdir / 'doc2.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = (
+        "2. Section B\n"
+        "************\n"
+        "\n"
+        "\n"
+        "2.1. Sub Ba\n"
+        "===========\n"
+        "\n"
+        "\n"
+        "2.2. Sub Bb\n"
+        "===========\n"
+    )
+    assert doc2 == expect
+
+    app.config.text_secnumber_suffix = " "
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    index = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    lines = index.splitlines()
+    assert lines[0] == "* 1 Section A"
+    assert lines[1] == ""
+    assert lines[2] == "* 2 Section B"
+    assert lines[3] == ""
+    assert lines[4] == "  * 2.1 Sub Ba"
+    assert lines[5] == ""
+    assert lines[6] == "  * 2.2 Sub Bb"
+    doc2 = (app.outdir / 'doc2.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = (
+        "2 Section B\n"
+        "***********\n"
+        "\n"
+        "\n"
+        "2.1 Sub Ba\n"
+        "==========\n"
+        "\n"
+        "\n"
+        "2.2 Sub Bb\n"
+        "==========\n"
+    )
+    assert doc2 == expect
+
+    app.config.text_add_secnumbers = False
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    index = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    lines = index.splitlines()
+    assert lines[0] == "* Section A"
+    assert lines[1] == ""
+    assert lines[2] == "* Section B"
+    assert lines[3] == ""
+    assert lines[4] == "  * Sub Ba"
+    assert lines[5] == ""
+    assert lines[6] == "  * Sub Bb"
+    doc2 = (app.outdir / 'doc2.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = (
+        "Section B\n"
+        "*********\n"
+        "\n"
+        "\n"
+        "Sub Ba\n"
+        "======\n"
+        "\n"
+        "\n"
+        "Sub Bb\n"
+        "======\n"
+    )
+    assert doc2 == expect
diff --git a/tests/test_builders/test_build_warnings.py b/tests/test_builders/test_build_warnings.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eeb7e9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_builders/test_build_warnings.py
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.util.console import strip_colors
+
+ENV_WARNINGS = """\
+{root}/autodoc_fodder.py:docstring of autodoc_fodder.MarkupError:\\d+: \
+WARNING: Explicit markup ends without a blank line; unexpected unindent.
+{root}/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: Encoding 'utf-8-sig' used for reading included \
+file '{root}/wrongenc.inc' seems to be wrong, try giving an :encoding: option
+{root}/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: invalid single index entry ''
+{root}/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: image file not readable: foo.png
+{root}/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: download file not readable: {root}/nonexisting.png
+{root}/undecodable.rst:\\d+: WARNING: undecodable source characters, replacing \
+with "\\?": b?'here: >>>(\\\\|/)xbb<<<((\\\\|/)r)?'
+"""
+
+HTML_WARNINGS = ENV_WARNINGS + """\
+{root}/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: unknown option: '&option'
+{root}/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: citation not found: missing
+{root}/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: a suitable image for html builder not found: foo.\\*
+{root}/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: Lexing literal_block ".*" as "c" resulted in an error at token: ".*". Retrying in relaxed mode.
+"""
+
+LATEX_WARNINGS = ENV_WARNINGS + """\
+{root}/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: unknown option: '&option'
+{root}/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: citation not found: missing
+{root}/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: a suitable image for latex builder not found: foo.\\*
+{root}/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: Lexing literal_block ".*" as "c" resulted in an error at token: ".*". Retrying in relaxed mode.
+"""
+
+TEXINFO_WARNINGS = ENV_WARNINGS + """\
+{root}/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: unknown option: '&option'
+{root}/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: citation not found: missing
+{root}/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: a suitable image for texinfo builder not found: foo.\\*
+{root}/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: a suitable image for texinfo builder not found: \
+\\['application/pdf', 'image/svg\\+xml'\\] \\(svgimg.\\*\\)
+"""
+
+
+def _check_warnings(expected_warnings: str, warning: str) -> None:
+    warnings = strip_colors(re.sub(re.escape(os.sep) + '{1,2}', '/', warning))
+    assert re.match(f'{expected_warnings}$', warnings), (
+        "Warnings don't match:\n"
+        + f'--- Expected (regex):\n{expected_warnings}\n'
+        + f'--- Got:\n{warnings}'
+    )
+    sys.modules.pop('autodoc_fodder', None)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='warnings', freshenv=True)
+def test_html_warnings(app, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    warnings_exp = HTML_WARNINGS.format(root=re.escape(app.srcdir.as_posix()))
+    _check_warnings(warnings_exp, warning.getvalue())
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='warnings', freshenv=True)
+def test_latex_warnings(app, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    warnings_exp = LATEX_WARNINGS.format(root=re.escape(app.srcdir.as_posix()))
+    _check_warnings(warnings_exp, warning.getvalue())
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('texinfo', testroot='warnings', freshenv=True)
+def test_texinfo_warnings(app, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    warnings_exp = TEXINFO_WARNINGS.format(root=re.escape(app.srcdir.as_posix()))
+    _check_warnings(warnings_exp, warning.getvalue())
+
+
+def test_uncacheable_config_warning(make_app, tmp_path):
+    """Test that an unpickleable config value raises a warning."""
+    tmp_path.joinpath('conf.py').write_text("""\
+my_config = lambda: None
+show_warning_types = True
+def setup(app):
+    app.add_config_value('my_config', None, 'env')
+    """, encoding='utf-8')
+    tmp_path.joinpath('index.rst').write_text('Test\n====\n', encoding='utf-8')
+    app = make_app(srcdir=tmp_path)
+    app.build()
+    assert strip_colors(app.warning.getvalue()).strip() == (
+        "WARNING: cannot cache unpickable configuration value: 'my_config' "
+        "(because it contains a function, class, or module object) [config.cache]"
+    )
diff --git a/tests/test_builders/test_builder.py b/tests/test_builders/test_builder.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee946a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_builders/test_builder.py
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+"""Test the Builder class."""
+
+import sys
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', srcdir="test_builder", freshenv=True)
+def test_incremental_reading(app):
+    # first reading
+    updated = app.builder.read()
+    assert set(updated) == app.env.found_docs == set(app.env.all_docs)
+    assert updated == sorted(updated)  # sorted by alphanumeric
+
+    # test if exclude_patterns works ok
+    assert 'subdir/excluded' not in app.env.found_docs
+
+    # before second reading, add, modify and remove source files
+    (app.srcdir / 'new.txt').write_text('New file\n========\n', encoding='utf8')
+    app.env.all_docs['index'] = 0  # mark as modified
+    (app.srcdir / 'autodoc.txt').unlink()
+
+    # second reading
+    updated = app.builder.read()
+
+    assert set(updated) == {'index', 'new'}
+    assert 'autodoc' not in app.env.all_docs
+    assert 'autodoc' not in app.env.found_docs
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='warnings', freshenv=True)
+def test_incremental_reading_for_missing_files(app):
+    # first reading
+    updated = app.builder.read()
+    assert set(updated) == app.env.found_docs == set(app.env.all_docs)
+
+    # second reading
+    updated = app.builder.read()
+
+    # "index" is listed up to updated because it contains references
+    # to nonexisting downloadable or image files
+    assert set(updated) == {'index'}
+
+    sys.modules.pop('autodoc_fodder', None)
diff --git a/tests/test_builders/xpath_data.py b/tests/test_builders/xpath_data.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30f8e07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_builders/xpath_data.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Final
+
+FIGURE_CAPTION: Final[str] = ".//figure/figcaption/p"
diff --git a/tests/test_builders/xpath_util.py b/tests/test_builders/xpath_util.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7525c19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_builders/xpath_util.py
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import re
+import textwrap
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+from xml.etree.ElementTree import tostring
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import os
+    from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Sequence
+    from xml.etree.ElementTree import Element, ElementTree
+
+
+def _get_text(node: Element) -> str:
+    if node.text is not None:
+        # the node has only one text
+        return node.text
+
+    # the node has tags and text; gather texts just under the node
+    return ''.join(n.tail or '' for n in node)
+
+
+def _prettify(nodes: Iterable[Element]) -> str:
+    def pformat(node: Element) -> str:
+        return tostring(node, encoding='unicode', method='html')
+
+    return ''.join(f'(i={index}) {pformat(node)}\n' for index, node in enumerate(nodes))
+
+
+def check_xpath(
+    etree: ElementTree,
+    filename: str | os.PathLike[str],
+    xpath: str,
+    check: str | re.Pattern[str] | Callable[[Sequence[Element]], None] | None,
+    be_found: bool = True,
+    *,
+    min_count: int = 1,
+) -> None:
+    """Check that one or more nodes satisfy a predicate.
+
+    :param etree: The element tree.
+    :param filename: The element tree source name (for errors only).
+    :param xpath: An XPath expression to use.
+    :param check: Optional regular expression or a predicate the nodes must validate.
+    :param be_found: If false, negate the predicate.
+    :param min_count: Minimum number of nodes expected to satisfy the predicate.
+
+    * If *check* is empty (``''``), only the minimum count is checked.
+    * If *check* is ``None``, no node should satisfy the XPath expression.
+    """
+    nodes = etree.findall(xpath)
+    assert isinstance(nodes, list)
+
+    if check is None:
+        # use == to have a nice pytest diff
+        assert nodes == [], f'found nodes matching xpath {xpath!r} in file {filename}'
+        return
+
+    assert len(nodes) >= min_count, (f'expecting at least {min_count} node(s) '
+                                     f'to satisfy {xpath!r} in file {filename}')
+
+    if check == '':
+        return
+
+    if callable(check):
+        check(nodes)
+        return
+
+    rex = re.compile(check)
+    if be_found:
+        if any(rex.search(_get_text(node)) for node in nodes):
+            return
+    else:
+        if all(not rex.search(_get_text(node)) for node in nodes):
+            return
+
+    ctx = textwrap.indent(_prettify(nodes), ' ' * 2)
+    msg = f'{check!r} not found in any node matching {xpath!r} in file {filename}:\n{ctx}'
+    raise AssertionError(msg)
diff --git a/tests/test_catalogs.py b/tests/test_catalogs.py
deleted file mode 100644
index b7fd7be..0000000
--- a/tests/test_catalogs.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the base build process."""
-import shutil
-from pathlib import Path
-
-import pytest
-
-
-@pytest.fixture()
-def _setup_test(app_params):
-    assert isinstance(app_params.kwargs['srcdir'], Path)
-    srcdir = app_params.kwargs['srcdir']
-    src_locale_dir = srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES'
-    dest_locale_dir = srcdir / 'locale'
-    # copy all catalogs into locale layout directory
-    for po in src_locale_dir.rglob('*.po'):
-        copy_po = (dest_locale_dir / 'en' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / po.relative_to(src_locale_dir))
-        if not copy_po.parent.exists():
-            copy_po.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-        shutil.copy(po, copy_po)
-
-    yield
-
-    # delete remnants left over after failed build
-    shutil.rmtree(dest_locale_dir, ignore_errors=True)
-    shutil.rmtree(srcdir / '_build', ignore_errors=True)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.usefixtures('_setup_test')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test-catalogs')
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'html', testroot='intl',
-    confoverrides={'language': 'en', 'locale_dirs': ['./locale']})
-def test_compile_all_catalogs(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.compile_all_catalogs()
-
-    locale_dir = app.srcdir / 'locale'
-    catalog_dir = locale_dir / app.config.language / 'LC_MESSAGES'
-    expect = {x.with_suffix('.mo') for x in catalog_dir.rglob('*.po')}
-    actual = set(catalog_dir.rglob('*.mo'))
-    assert actual  # not empty
-    assert actual == expect
-
-
-@pytest.mark.usefixtures('_setup_test')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test-catalogs')
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'html', testroot='intl',
-    confoverrides={'language': 'en', 'locale_dirs': ['./locale']})
-def test_compile_specific_catalogs(app, status, warning):
-    locale_dir = app.srcdir / 'locale'
-    catalog_dir = locale_dir / app.config.language / 'LC_MESSAGES'
-
-    actual_on_boot = set(catalog_dir.rglob('*.mo'))  # sphinx.mo might be included
-    app.builder.compile_specific_catalogs([app.srcdir / 'admonitions.txt'])
-    actual = {str(x.relative_to(catalog_dir))
-              for x in catalog_dir.rglob('*.mo')
-              if x not in actual_on_boot}
-    assert actual == {'admonitions.mo'}
-
-
-@pytest.mark.usefixtures('_setup_test')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test-catalogs')
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'html', testroot='intl',
-    confoverrides={'language': 'en', 'locale_dirs': ['./locale']})
-def test_compile_update_catalogs(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.compile_update_catalogs()
-
-    locale_dir = app.srcdir / 'locale'
-    catalog_dir = locale_dir / app.config.language / 'LC_MESSAGES'
-    expect = {x.with_suffix('.mo') for x in set(catalog_dir.rglob('*.po'))}
-    actual = set(catalog_dir.rglob('*.mo'))
-    assert actual  # not empty
-    assert actual == expect
diff --git a/tests/test_config.py b/tests/test_config.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 0be0a58..0000000
--- a/tests/test_config.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,517 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the sphinx.config.Config class."""
-
-import time
-from pathlib import Path
-from unittest import mock
-
-import pytest
-
-import sphinx
-from sphinx.config import ENUM, Config, check_confval_types
-from sphinx.errors import ConfigError, ExtensionError, VersionRequirementError
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='config', confoverrides={
-    'root_doc': 'root',
-    'nonexisting_value': 'True',
-    'latex_elements.maketitle': 'blah blah blah',
-    'modindex_common_prefix': 'path1,path2'})
-def test_core_config(app, status, warning):
-    cfg = app.config
-
-    # simple values
-    assert 'project' in cfg.__dict__
-    assert cfg.project == 'Sphinx <Tests>'
-    assert cfg.templates_path == ['_templates']
-
-    # overrides
-    assert cfg.root_doc == 'root'
-    assert cfg.latex_elements['maketitle'] == 'blah blah blah'
-    assert cfg.modindex_common_prefix == ['path1', 'path2']
-
-    # simple default values
-    assert 'locale_dirs' not in cfg.__dict__
-    assert cfg.locale_dirs == ['locales']
-    assert cfg.trim_footnote_reference_space is False
-
-    # complex default values
-    assert 'html_title' not in cfg.__dict__
-    assert cfg.html_title == 'Sphinx <Tests> 0.6alpha1 documentation'
-
-    # complex default values mustn't raise
-    for valuename in cfg.config_values:
-        getattr(cfg, valuename)
-
-    # "contains" gives True both for set and unset values
-    assert 'project' in cfg
-    assert 'html_title' in cfg
-    assert 'nonexisting_value' not in cfg
-
-    # invalid values
-    with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
-        _ = cfg._value
-    with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
-        _ = cfg.nonexisting_value
-
-    # non-value attributes are deleted from the namespace
-    with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
-        _ = cfg.sys
-
-    # setting attributes
-    cfg.project = 'Foo'
-    assert cfg.project == 'Foo'
-
-    # alternative access via item interface
-    cfg['project'] = 'Sphinx Tests'
-    assert cfg['project'] == cfg.project == 'Sphinx Tests'
-
-
-def test_config_not_found(tmp_path):
-    with pytest.raises(ConfigError):
-        Config.read(tmp_path)
-
-
-def test_extension_values():
-    config = Config()
-
-    # check standard settings
-    assert config.root_doc == 'index'
-
-    # can't override it by add_config_value()
-    with pytest.raises(ExtensionError) as excinfo:
-        config.add('root_doc', 'index', 'env', None)
-    assert 'already present' in str(excinfo.value)
-
-    # add a new config value
-    config.add('value_from_ext', [], 'env', None)
-    assert config.value_from_ext == []
-
-    # can't override it by add_config_value()
-    with pytest.raises(ExtensionError) as excinfo:
-        config.add('value_from_ext', [], 'env', None)
-    assert 'already present' in str(excinfo.value)
-
-
-def test_overrides():
-    config = Config({'value1': '1', 'value2': 2, 'value6': {'default': 6}},
-                    {'value2': 999, 'value3': '999', 'value5.attr1': 999, 'value6.attr1': 999,
-                     'value7': 'abc,def,ghi', 'value8': 'abc,def,ghi'})
-    config.add('value1', None, 'env', ())
-    config.add('value2', None, 'env', ())
-    config.add('value3', 0, 'env', ())
-    config.add('value4', 0, 'env', ())
-    config.add('value5', {'default': 0}, 'env', ())
-    config.add('value6', {'default': 0}, 'env', ())
-    config.add('value7', None, 'env', ())
-    config.add('value8', [], 'env', ())
-    config.init_values()
-
-    assert config.value1 == '1'
-    assert config.value2 == 999
-    assert config.value3 == 999
-    assert config.value4 == 0
-    assert config.value5 == {'attr1': 999}
-    assert config.value6 == {'default': 6, 'attr1': 999}
-    assert config.value7 == 'abc,def,ghi'
-    assert config.value8 == ['abc', 'def', 'ghi']
-
-
-def test_overrides_boolean():
-    config = Config({}, {'value1': '1',
-                         'value2': '0',
-                         'value3': '0'})
-    config.add('value1', None, 'env', [bool])
-    config.add('value2', None, 'env', [bool])
-    config.add('value3', True, 'env', ())
-    config.init_values()
-
-    assert config.value1 is True
-    assert config.value2 is False
-    assert config.value3 is False
-
-
-@mock.patch("sphinx.config.logger")
-def test_errors_warnings(logger, tmp_path):
-    # test the error for syntax errors in the config file
-    (tmp_path / 'conf.py').write_text('project = \n', encoding='ascii')
-    with pytest.raises(ConfigError) as excinfo:
-        Config.read(tmp_path, {}, None)
-    assert 'conf.py' in str(excinfo.value)
-
-    # test the automatic conversion of 2.x only code in configs
-    (tmp_path / 'conf.py').write_text('project = u"Jägermeister"\n', encoding='utf8')
-    cfg = Config.read(tmp_path, {}, None)
-    cfg.init_values()
-    assert cfg.project == 'Jägermeister'
-    assert logger.called is False
-
-
-def test_errors_if_setup_is_not_callable(tmp_path, make_app):
-    # test the error to call setup() in the config file
-    (tmp_path / 'conf.py').write_text('setup = 1', encoding='utf8')
-    with pytest.raises(ConfigError) as excinfo:
-        make_app(srcdir=tmp_path)
-    assert 'callable' in str(excinfo.value)
-
-
-@pytest.fixture()
-def make_app_with_empty_project(make_app, tmp_path):
-    (tmp_path / 'conf.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
-
-    def _make_app(*args, **kw):
-        kw.setdefault('srcdir', Path(tmp_path))
-        return make_app(*args, **kw)
-    return _make_app
-
-
-@mock.patch.object(sphinx, '__display_version__', '1.6.4')
-def test_needs_sphinx(make_app_with_empty_project):
-    make_app = make_app_with_empty_project
-    # micro version
-    make_app(confoverrides={'needs_sphinx': '1.6.3'})  # OK: less
-    make_app(confoverrides={'needs_sphinx': '1.6.4'})  # OK: equals
-    with pytest.raises(VersionRequirementError):
-        make_app(confoverrides={'needs_sphinx': '1.6.5'})  # NG: greater
-
-    # minor version
-    make_app(confoverrides={'needs_sphinx': '1.5'})  # OK: less
-    make_app(confoverrides={'needs_sphinx': '1.6'})  # OK: equals
-    with pytest.raises(VersionRequirementError):
-        make_app(confoverrides={'needs_sphinx': '1.7'})  # NG: greater
-
-    # major version
-    make_app(confoverrides={'needs_sphinx': '0'})  # OK: less
-    make_app(confoverrides={'needs_sphinx': '1'})  # OK: equals
-    with pytest.raises(VersionRequirementError):
-        make_app(confoverrides={'needs_sphinx': '2'})  # NG: greater
-
-
-@mock.patch("sphinx.config.logger")
-def test_config_eol(logger, tmp_path):
-    # test config file's eol patterns: LF, CRLF
-    configfile = tmp_path / 'conf.py'
-    for eol in (b'\n', b'\r\n'):
-        configfile.write_bytes(b'project = "spam"' + eol)
-        cfg = Config.read(tmp_path, {}, None)
-        cfg.init_values()
-        assert cfg.project == 'spam'
-        assert logger.called is False
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(confoverrides={'root_doc': 123,
-                                   'language': 'foo',
-                                   'primary_domain': None})
-def test_builtin_conf(app, status, warning):
-    warnings = warning.getvalue()
-    assert 'root_doc' in warnings, (
-        'override on builtin "root_doc" should raise a type warning')
-    assert 'language' not in warnings, (
-        'explicitly permitted override on builtin "language" should NOT raise '
-        'a type warning')
-    assert 'primary_domain' not in warnings, (
-        'override to None on builtin "primary_domain" should NOT raise a type '
-        'warning')
-
-
-# example classes for type checking
-class A:
-    pass
-
-
-class B(A):
-    pass
-
-
-class C(A):
-    pass
-
-
-# name, default, annotation, actual, warned
-TYPECHECK_WARNINGS = [
-    ('value1', 'string', None, 123, True),                      # wrong type
-    ('value2', lambda _: [], None, 123, True),                  # lambda with wrong type
-    ('value3', lambda _: [], None, [], False),                  # lambda with correct type
-    ('value4', 100, None, True, True),                          # child type
-    ('value5', False, None, True, False),                       # parent type
-    ('value6', [], None, (), True),                             # other sequence type
-    ('value7', 'string', [list], ['foo'], False),               # explicit type annotation
-    ('value8', B(), None, C(), False),                          # sibling type
-    ('value9', None, None, 'foo', False),                       # no default or no annotations
-    ('value10', None, None, 123, False),                        # no default or no annotations
-    ('value11', None, [str], 'bar', False),                     # str
-    ('value12', 'string', None, 'bar', False),                  # str
-]
-
-
-@mock.patch("sphinx.config.logger")
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(('name', 'default', 'annotation', 'actual', 'warned'), TYPECHECK_WARNINGS)
-def test_check_types(logger, name, default, annotation, actual, warned):
-    config = Config({name: actual})
-    config.add(name, default, 'env', annotation or ())
-    config.init_values()
-    check_confval_types(None, config)
-    assert logger.warning.called == warned
-
-
-TYPECHECK_WARNING_MESSAGES = [
-    ('value1', 'string', [str], ['foo', 'bar'],
-        "The config value `value1' has type `list'; expected `str'."),
-    ('value1', 'string', [str, int], ['foo', 'bar'],
-        "The config value `value1' has type `list'; expected `str' or `int'."),
-    ('value1', 'string', [str, int, tuple], ['foo', 'bar'],
-        "The config value `value1' has type `list'; expected `str', `int', or `tuple'."),
-]
-
-
-@mock.patch("sphinx.config.logger")
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(('name', 'default', 'annotation', 'actual', 'message'), TYPECHECK_WARNING_MESSAGES)
-def test_conf_warning_message(logger, name, default, annotation, actual, message):
-    config = Config({name: actual})
-    config.add(name, default, False, annotation or ())
-    config.init_values()
-    check_confval_types(None, config)
-    assert logger.warning.called
-    assert logger.warning.call_args[0][0] == message
-
-
-@mock.patch("sphinx.config.logger")
-def test_check_enum(logger):
-    config = Config()
-    config.add('value', 'default', False, ENUM('default', 'one', 'two'))
-    config.init_values()
-    check_confval_types(None, config)
-    logger.warning.assert_not_called()  # not warned
-
-
-@mock.patch("sphinx.config.logger")
-def test_check_enum_failed(logger):
-    config = Config({'value': 'invalid'})
-    config.add('value', 'default', False, ENUM('default', 'one', 'two'))
-    config.init_values()
-    check_confval_types(None, config)
-    assert logger.warning.called
-
-
-@mock.patch("sphinx.config.logger")
-def test_check_enum_for_list(logger):
-    config = Config({'value': ['one', 'two']})
-    config.add('value', 'default', False, ENUM('default', 'one', 'two'))
-    config.init_values()
-    check_confval_types(None, config)
-    logger.warning.assert_not_called()  # not warned
-
-
-@mock.patch("sphinx.config.logger")
-def test_check_enum_for_list_failed(logger):
-    config = Config({'value': ['one', 'two', 'invalid']})
-    config.add('value', 'default', False, ENUM('default', 'one', 'two'))
-    config.init_values()
-    check_confval_types(None, config)
-    assert logger.warning.called
-
-
-nitpick_warnings = [
-    "WARNING: py:const reference target not found: prefix.anything.postfix",
-    "WARNING: py:class reference target not found: prefix.anything",
-    "WARNING: py:class reference target not found: anything.postfix",
-    "WARNING: js:class reference target not found: prefix.anything.postfix",
-]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='nitpicky-warnings')
-def test_nitpick_base(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    warning = warning.getvalue().strip().split('\n')
-    assert len(warning) == len(nitpick_warnings)
-    for actual, expected in zip(warning, nitpick_warnings):
-        assert expected in actual
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='nitpicky-warnings', confoverrides={
-    'nitpick_ignore': {
-        ('py:const', 'prefix.anything.postfix'),
-        ('py:class', 'prefix.anything'),
-        ('py:class', 'anything.postfix'),
-        ('js:class', 'prefix.anything.postfix'),
-    },
-})
-def test_nitpick_ignore(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    assert not len(warning.getvalue().strip())
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='nitpicky-warnings', confoverrides={
-    'nitpick_ignore_regex': [
-        (r'py:.*', r'.*postfix'),
-        (r'.*:class', r'prefix.*'),
-    ],
-})
-def test_nitpick_ignore_regex1(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    assert not len(warning.getvalue().strip())
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='nitpicky-warnings', confoverrides={
-    'nitpick_ignore_regex': [
-        (r'py:.*', r'prefix.*'),
-        (r'.*:class', r'.*postfix'),
-    ],
-})
-def test_nitpick_ignore_regex2(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    assert not len(warning.getvalue().strip())
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='nitpicky-warnings', confoverrides={
-    'nitpick_ignore_regex': [
-        # None of these should match
-        (r'py:', r'.*'),
-        (r':class', r'.*'),
-        (r'', r'.*'),
-        (r'.*', r'anything'),
-        (r'.*', r'prefix'),
-        (r'.*', r'postfix'),
-        (r'.*', r''),
-    ],
-})
-def test_nitpick_ignore_regex_fullmatch(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    warning = warning.getvalue().strip().split('\n')
-    assert len(warning) == len(nitpick_warnings)
-    for actual, expected in zip(warning, nitpick_warnings):
-        assert expected in actual
-
-
-def test_conf_py_language_none(tmp_path):
-    """Regression test for #10474."""
-
-    # Given a conf.py file with language = None
-    (tmp_path / 'conf.py').write_text("language = None", encoding='utf-8')
-
-    # When we load conf.py into a Config object
-    cfg = Config.read(tmp_path, {}, None)
-    cfg.init_values()
-
-    # Then the language is coerced to English
-    assert cfg.language == "en"
-
-
-@mock.patch("sphinx.config.logger")
-def test_conf_py_language_none_warning(logger, tmp_path):
-    """Regression test for #10474."""
-
-    # Given a conf.py file with language = None
-    (tmp_path / 'conf.py').write_text("language = None", encoding='utf-8')
-
-    # When we load conf.py into a Config object
-    Config.read(tmp_path, {}, None)
-
-    # Then a warning is raised
-    assert logger.warning.called
-    assert logger.warning.call_args[0][0] == (
-        "Invalid configuration value found: 'language = None'. "
-        "Update your configuration to a valid language code. "
-        "Falling back to 'en' (English).")
-
-
-def test_conf_py_no_language(tmp_path):
-    """Regression test for #10474."""
-
-    # Given a conf.py file with no language attribute
-    (tmp_path / 'conf.py').write_text("", encoding='utf-8')
-
-    # When we load conf.py into a Config object
-    cfg = Config.read(tmp_path, {}, None)
-    cfg.init_values()
-
-    # Then the language is coerced to English
-    assert cfg.language == "en"
-
-
-def test_conf_py_nitpick_ignore_list(tmp_path):
-    """Regression test for #11355."""
-
-    # Given a conf.py file with no language attribute
-    (tmp_path / 'conf.py').write_text("", encoding='utf-8')
-
-    # When we load conf.py into a Config object
-    cfg = Config.read(tmp_path, {}, None)
-    cfg.init_values()
-
-    # Then the default nitpick_ignore[_regex] is an empty list
-    assert cfg.nitpick_ignore == []
-    assert cfg.nitpick_ignore_regex == []
-
-
-@pytest.fixture(params=[
-    # test with SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH unset: no modification
-    None,
-    # test with SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH set: copyright year should be updated
-    1293840000,
-    1293839999,
-])
-def source_date_year(request, monkeypatch):
-    sde = request.param
-    with monkeypatch.context() as m:
-        if sde:
-            m.setenv('SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH', str(sde))
-            yield time.gmtime(sde).tm_year
-        else:
-            m.delenv('SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH', raising=False)
-            yield None
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='copyright-multiline')
-def test_multi_line_copyright(source_date_year, app, monkeypatch):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf-8')
-
-    if source_date_year is None:
-        # check the copyright footer line by line (empty lines ignored)
-        assert '  &#169; Copyright 2006.<br/>\n' in content
-        assert '  &#169; Copyright 2006-2009, Alice.<br/>\n' in content
-        assert '  &#169; Copyright 2010-2013, Bob.<br/>\n' in content
-        assert '  &#169; Copyright 2014-2017, Charlie.<br/>\n' in content
-        assert '  &#169; Copyright 2018-2021, David.<br/>\n' in content
-        assert '  &#169; Copyright 2022-2025, Eve.' in content
-
-        # check the raw copyright footer block (empty lines included)
-        assert (
-            '      &#169; Copyright 2006.<br/>\n'
-            '    \n'
-            '      &#169; Copyright 2006-2009, Alice.<br/>\n'
-            '    \n'
-            '      &#169; Copyright 2010-2013, Bob.<br/>\n'
-            '    \n'
-            '      &#169; Copyright 2014-2017, Charlie.<br/>\n'
-            '    \n'
-            '      &#169; Copyright 2018-2021, David.<br/>\n'
-            '    \n'
-            '      &#169; Copyright 2022-2025, Eve.'
-        ) in content
-    else:
-        # check the copyright footer line by line (empty lines ignored)
-        assert f'  &#169; Copyright {source_date_year}.<br/>\n' in content
-        assert f'  &#169; Copyright 2006-{source_date_year}, Alice.<br/>\n' in content
-        assert f'  &#169; Copyright 2010-{source_date_year}, Bob.<br/>\n' in content
-        assert f'  &#169; Copyright 2014-{source_date_year}, Charlie.<br/>\n' in content
-        assert f'  &#169; Copyright 2018-{source_date_year}, David.<br/>\n' in content
-        assert f'  &#169; Copyright 2022-{source_date_year}, Eve.' in content
-
-        # check the raw copyright footer block (empty lines included)
-        assert (
-            f'      &#169; Copyright {source_date_year}.<br/>\n'
-            f'    \n'
-            f'      &#169; Copyright 2006-{source_date_year}, Alice.<br/>\n'
-            f'    \n'
-            f'      &#169; Copyright 2010-{source_date_year}, Bob.<br/>\n'
-            f'    \n'
-            f'      &#169; Copyright 2014-{source_date_year}, Charlie.<br/>\n'
-            f'    \n'
-            f'      &#169; Copyright 2018-{source_date_year}, David.<br/>\n'
-            f'    \n'
-            f'      &#169; Copyright 2022-{source_date_year}, Eve.'
-        ) in content
diff --git a/tests/test_config/__init__.py b/tests/test_config/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/tests/test_config/test_config.py b/tests/test_config/test_config.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1cb1b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_config/test_config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,805 @@
+"""Test the sphinx.config.Config class."""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pickle
+import time
+from collections import Counter
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+from unittest import mock
+
+import pytest
+
+import sphinx
+from sphinx.builders.gettext import _gettext_compact_validator
+from sphinx.config import (
+    ENUM,
+    Config,
+    _Opt,
+    check_confval_types,
+    correct_copyright_year,
+    is_serializable,
+)
+from sphinx.deprecation import RemovedInSphinx90Warning
+from sphinx.errors import ConfigError, ExtensionError, VersionRequirementError
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Iterable
+    from typing import Union
+
+    CircularList = list[Union[int, 'CircularList']]
+    CircularDict = dict[str, Union[int, 'CircularDict']]
+
+
+def check_is_serializable(subject: object, *, circular: bool) -> None:
+    assert is_serializable(subject)
+
+    if circular:
+        class UselessGuard(frozenset[int]):
+            def __or__(self, other: object, /) -> UselessGuard:
+                # do nothing
+                return self
+
+            def union(self, *args: Iterable[object]) -> UselessGuard:
+                # do nothing
+                return self
+
+        # check that without recursive guards, a recursion error occurs
+        with pytest.raises(RecursionError):
+            assert is_serializable(subject, _seen=UselessGuard())
+
+
+def test_is_serializable() -> None:
+    subject = [1, [2, {3, 'a'}], {'x': {'y': frozenset((4, 5))}}]
+    check_is_serializable(subject, circular=False)
+
+    a, b = [1], [2]  # type: (CircularList, CircularList)
+    a.append(b)
+    b.append(a)
+    check_is_serializable(a, circular=True)
+    check_is_serializable(b, circular=True)
+
+    x: CircularDict = {'a': 1, 'b': {'c': 1}}
+    x['b'] = x
+    check_is_serializable(x, circular=True)
+
+
+def test_config_opt_deprecated(recwarn):
+    opt = _Opt('default', '', ())
+
+    with pytest.warns(RemovedInSphinx90Warning):
+        default, rebuild, valid_types = opt
+
+    with pytest.warns(RemovedInSphinx90Warning):
+        _ = opt[0]
+
+    with pytest.warns(RemovedInSphinx90Warning):
+        _ = list(opt)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='config', confoverrides={
+    'root_doc': 'root',
+    'nonexisting_value': 'True',
+    'latex_elements.maketitle': 'blah blah blah',
+    'modindex_common_prefix': 'path1,path2'})
+def test_core_config(app, status, warning):
+    cfg = app.config
+
+    # simple values
+    assert 'project' in cfg.__dict__
+    assert cfg.project == 'Sphinx <Tests>'
+    assert cfg.templates_path == ['_templates']
+
+    # overrides
+    assert cfg.root_doc == 'root'
+    assert cfg.latex_elements['maketitle'] == 'blah blah blah'
+    assert cfg.modindex_common_prefix == ['path1', 'path2']
+
+    # simple default values
+    assert 'locale_dirs' in cfg.__dict__
+    assert cfg.locale_dirs == ['locales']
+    assert cfg.trim_footnote_reference_space is False
+
+    # complex default values
+    assert 'html_title' not in cfg.__dict__
+    assert cfg.html_title == 'Sphinx <Tests> 0.6alpha1 documentation'
+
+    # complex default values mustn't raise
+    for valuename in cfg.config_values:
+        getattr(cfg, valuename)
+
+    # "contains" gives True both for set and unset values
+    assert 'project' in cfg
+    assert 'html_title' in cfg
+    assert 'nonexisting_value' not in cfg
+
+    # invalid values
+    with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
+        _ = cfg._value
+    with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
+        _ = cfg.nonexisting_value
+
+    # non-value attributes are deleted from the namespace
+    with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
+        _ = cfg.sys
+
+    # setting attributes
+    cfg.project = 'Foo'
+    assert cfg.project == 'Foo'
+
+    # alternative access via item interface
+    cfg['project'] = 'Sphinx Tests'
+    assert cfg['project'] == cfg.project == 'Sphinx Tests'
+
+
+def test_config_not_found(tmp_path):
+    with pytest.raises(ConfigError):
+        Config.read(tmp_path)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("protocol", list(range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)))
+def test_config_pickle_protocol(tmp_path, protocol: int):
+    config = Config()
+
+    pickled_config = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(config, protocol))
+
+    assert list(config._options) == list(pickled_config._options)
+    assert repr(config) == repr(pickled_config)
+
+
+def test_config_pickle_circular_reference_in_list():
+    a, b = [1], [2]  # type: (CircularList, CircularList)
+    a.append(b)
+    b.append(a)
+
+    check_is_serializable(a, circular=True)
+    check_is_serializable(b, circular=True)
+
+    config = Config()
+    config.add('a', [], '', types=list)
+    config.add('b', [], '', types=list)
+    config.a, config.b = a, b
+
+    actual = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(config))
+    assert isinstance(actual.a, list)
+    check_is_serializable(actual.a, circular=True)
+
+    assert isinstance(actual.b, list)
+    check_is_serializable(actual.b, circular=True)
+
+    assert actual.a[0] == 1
+    assert actual.a[1][0] == 2
+    assert actual.a[1][1][0] == 1
+    assert actual.a[1][1][1][0] == 2
+
+    assert actual.b[0] == 2
+    assert actual.b[1][0] == 1
+    assert actual.b[1][1][0] == 2
+    assert actual.b[1][1][1][0] == 1
+
+    assert len(actual.a) == 2
+    assert len(actual.a[1]) == 2
+    assert len(actual.a[1][1]) == 2
+    assert len(actual.a[1][1][1]) == 2
+    assert len(actual.a[1][1][1][1]) == 2
+
+    assert len(actual.b) == 2
+    assert len(actual.b[1]) == 2
+    assert len(actual.b[1][1]) == 2
+    assert len(actual.b[1][1][1]) == 2
+    assert len(actual.b[1][1][1][1]) == 2
+
+    def check(
+        u: list[list[object] | int],
+        v: list[list[object] | int],
+        *,
+        counter: Counter[type, int] | None = None,
+        guard: frozenset[int] = frozenset(),
+    ) -> Counter[type, int]:
+        counter = Counter() if counter is None else counter
+
+        if id(u) in guard and id(v) in guard:
+            return counter
+
+        if isinstance(u, int):
+            assert v.__class__ is u.__class__
+            assert u == v
+            counter[type(u)] += 1
+            return counter
+
+        assert isinstance(u, list)
+        assert v.__class__ is u.__class__
+        assert len(u) == len(v)
+
+        for u_i, v_i in zip(u, v):
+            counter[type(u)] += 1
+            check(u_i, v_i, counter=counter, guard=guard | {id(u), id(v)})
+
+        return counter
+
+    counter = check(actual.a, a)
+    # check(actual.a, a)
+    #   check(actual.a[0], a[0]) -> ++counter[dict]
+    #       ++counter[int] (a[0] is an int)
+    #   check(actual.a[1], a[1]) -> ++counter[dict]
+    #       check(actual.a[1][0], a[1][0]) -> ++counter[dict]
+    #           ++counter[int] (a[1][0] is an int)
+    #       check(actual.a[1][1], a[1][1]) -> ++counter[dict]
+    #           recursive guard since a[1][1] == a
+    assert counter[type(a[0])] == 2
+    assert counter[type(a[1])] == 4
+
+    # same logic as above
+    counter = check(actual.b, b)
+    assert counter[type(b[0])] == 2
+    assert counter[type(b[1])] == 4
+
+
+def test_config_pickle_circular_reference_in_dict():
+    x: CircularDict = {'a': 1, 'b': {'c': 1}}
+    x['b'] = x
+    check_is_serializable(x, circular=True)
+
+    config = Config()
+    config.add('x', [], '', types=dict)
+    config.x = x
+
+    actual = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(config))
+    check_is_serializable(actual.x, circular=True)
+    assert isinstance(actual.x, dict)
+
+    assert actual.x['a'] == 1
+    assert actual.x['b']['a'] == 1
+
+    assert len(actual.x) == 2
+    assert len(actual.x['b']) == 2
+    assert len(actual.x['b']['b']) == 2
+
+    def check(
+        u: dict[str, dict[str, object] | int],
+        v: dict[str, dict[str, object] | int],
+        *,
+        counter: Counter[type, int] | None = None,
+        guard: frozenset[int] = frozenset(),
+    ) -> Counter:
+        counter = Counter() if counter is None else counter
+
+        if id(u) in guard and id(v) in guard:
+            return counter
+
+        if isinstance(u, int):
+            assert v.__class__ is u.__class__
+            assert u == v
+            counter[type(u)] += 1
+            return counter
+
+        assert isinstance(u, dict)
+        assert v.__class__ is u.__class__
+        assert len(u) == len(v)
+
+        for u_i, v_i in zip(u, v):
+            counter[type(u)] += 1
+            check(u[u_i], v[v_i], counter=counter, guard=guard | {id(u), id(v)})
+        return counter
+
+    counters = check(actual.x, x, counter=Counter())
+    # check(actual.x, x)
+    #   check(actual.x['a'], x['a']) -> ++counter[dict]
+    #       ++counter[int] (x['a'] is an int)
+    #   check(actual.x['b'], x['b']) -> ++counter[dict]
+    #       recursive guard since x['b'] == x
+    assert counters[type(x['a'])] == 1
+    assert counters[type(x['b'])] == 2
+
+
+def test_extension_values():
+    config = Config()
+
+    # check standard settings
+    assert config.root_doc == 'index'
+
+    # can't override it by add_config_value()
+    with pytest.raises(ExtensionError) as excinfo:
+        config.add('root_doc', 'index', 'env', None)
+    assert 'already present' in str(excinfo.value)
+
+    # add a new config value
+    config.add('value_from_ext', [], 'env', None)
+    assert config.value_from_ext == []
+
+    # can't override it by add_config_value()
+    with pytest.raises(ExtensionError) as excinfo:
+        config.add('value_from_ext', [], 'env', None)
+    assert 'already present' in str(excinfo.value)
+
+
+def test_overrides():
+    config = Config({'value1': '1', 'value2': 2, 'value6': {'default': 6}},
+                    {'value2': 999, 'value3': '999', 'value5.attr1': 999, 'value6.attr1': 999,
+                     'value7': 'abc,def,ghi', 'value8': 'abc,def,ghi'})
+    config.add('value1', None, 'env', ())
+    config.add('value2', None, 'env', ())
+    config.add('value3', 0, 'env', ())
+    config.add('value4', 0, 'env', ())
+    config.add('value5', {'default': 0}, 'env', ())
+    config.add('value6', {'default': 0}, 'env', ())
+    config.add('value7', None, 'env', ())
+    config.add('value8', [], 'env', ())
+
+    assert config.value1 == '1'
+    assert config.value2 == 999
+    assert config.value3 == 999
+    assert config.value4 == 0
+    assert config.value5 == {'attr1': 999}
+    assert config.value6 == {'default': 6, 'attr1': 999}
+    assert config.value7 == 'abc,def,ghi'
+    assert config.value8 == ['abc', 'def', 'ghi']
+
+
+def test_overrides_boolean():
+    config = Config({}, {'value1': '1',
+                         'value2': '0',
+                         'value3': '0'})
+    config.add('value1', None, 'env', [bool])
+    config.add('value2', None, 'env', [bool])
+    config.add('value3', True, 'env', ())
+
+    assert config.value1 is True
+    assert config.value2 is False
+    assert config.value3 is False
+
+
+@mock.patch("sphinx.config.logger")
+def test_overrides_dict_str(logger):
+    config = Config({}, {'spam': 'lobster'})
+
+    config.add('spam', {'ham': 'eggs'}, 'env', {dict, str})
+
+    assert config.spam == {'ham': 'eggs'}
+
+    # assert len(caplog.records) == 1
+    # msg = caplog.messages[0]
+    assert logger.method_calls
+    msg = str(logger.method_calls[0].args[1])
+    assert msg == ("cannot override dictionary config setting 'spam', "
+                   "ignoring (use 'spam.key=value' to set individual elements)")
+
+
+def test_callable_defer():
+    config = Config()
+    config.add('alias', lambda c: c.master_doc, '', str)
+
+    assert config.master_doc == 'index'
+    assert config.alias == 'index'
+
+    config.master_doc = 'contents'
+    assert config.alias == 'contents'
+
+    config.master_doc = 'master_doc'
+    config.alias = 'spam'
+    assert config.alias == 'spam'
+
+
+@mock.patch("sphinx.config.logger")
+def test_errors_warnings(logger, tmp_path):
+    # test the error for syntax errors in the config file
+    (tmp_path / 'conf.py').write_text('project = \n', encoding='ascii')
+    with pytest.raises(ConfigError) as excinfo:
+        Config.read(tmp_path, {}, None)
+    assert 'conf.py' in str(excinfo.value)
+
+    # test the automatic conversion of 2.x only code in configs
+    (tmp_path / 'conf.py').write_text('project = u"Jägermeister"\n', encoding='utf8')
+    cfg = Config.read(tmp_path, {}, None)
+    assert cfg.project == 'Jägermeister'
+    assert logger.called is False
+
+
+def test_errors_if_setup_is_not_callable(tmp_path, make_app):
+    # test the error to call setup() in the config file
+    (tmp_path / 'conf.py').write_text('setup = 1', encoding='utf8')
+    with pytest.raises(ConfigError) as excinfo:
+        make_app(srcdir=tmp_path)
+    assert 'callable' in str(excinfo.value)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def make_app_with_empty_project(make_app, tmp_path):
+    (tmp_path / 'conf.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+
+    def _make_app(*args, **kw):
+        kw.setdefault('srcdir', Path(tmp_path))
+        return make_app(*args, **kw)
+    return _make_app
+
+
+@mock.patch.object(sphinx, '__display_version__', '1.6.4')
+def test_needs_sphinx(make_app_with_empty_project):
+    make_app = make_app_with_empty_project
+    # micro version
+    make_app(confoverrides={'needs_sphinx': '1.6.3'})  # OK: less
+    make_app(confoverrides={'needs_sphinx': '1.6.4'})  # OK: equals
+    with pytest.raises(VersionRequirementError):
+        make_app(confoverrides={'needs_sphinx': '1.6.5'})  # NG: greater
+
+    # minor version
+    make_app(confoverrides={'needs_sphinx': '1.5'})  # OK: less
+    make_app(confoverrides={'needs_sphinx': '1.6'})  # OK: equals
+    with pytest.raises(VersionRequirementError):
+        make_app(confoverrides={'needs_sphinx': '1.7'})  # NG: greater
+
+    # major version
+    make_app(confoverrides={'needs_sphinx': '0'})  # OK: less
+    make_app(confoverrides={'needs_sphinx': '1'})  # OK: equals
+    with pytest.raises(VersionRequirementError):
+        make_app(confoverrides={'needs_sphinx': '2'})  # NG: greater
+
+
+@mock.patch("sphinx.config.logger")
+def test_config_eol(logger, tmp_path):
+    # test config file's eol patterns: LF, CRLF
+    configfile = tmp_path / 'conf.py'
+    for eol in (b'\n', b'\r\n'):
+        configfile.write_bytes(b'project = "spam"' + eol)
+        cfg = Config.read(tmp_path, {}, None)
+        assert cfg.project == 'spam'
+        assert logger.called is False
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(confoverrides={'root_doc': 123,
+                                   'language': 'foo',
+                                   'primary_domain': None})
+def test_builtin_conf(app, status, warning):
+    warnings = warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'root_doc' in warnings, (
+        'override on builtin "root_doc" should raise a type warning')
+    assert 'language' not in warnings, (
+        'explicitly permitted override on builtin "language" should NOT raise '
+        'a type warning')
+    assert 'primary_domain' not in warnings, (
+        'override to None on builtin "primary_domain" should NOT raise a type '
+        'warning')
+
+
+# example classes for type checking
+class A:
+    pass
+
+
+class B(A):
+    pass
+
+
+class C(A):
+    pass
+
+
+# name, default, annotation, actual, warned
+TYPECHECK_WARNINGS = [
+    ('value1', 'string', None, 123, True),                      # wrong type
+    ('value2', lambda _: [], None, 123, True),                  # lambda with wrong type
+    ('value3', lambda _: [], None, [], False),                  # lambda with correct type
+    ('value4', 100, None, True, True),                          # child type
+    ('value5', False, None, True, False),                       # parent type
+    ('value6', [], None, (), True),                             # other sequence type
+    ('value7', 'string', [list], ['foo'], False),               # explicit type annotation
+    ('value8', B(), None, C(), False),                          # sibling type
+    ('value9', None, None, 'foo', False),                       # no default or no annotations
+    ('value10', None, None, 123, False),                        # no default or no annotations
+    ('value11', None, [str], 'bar', False),                     # str
+    ('value12', 'string', None, 'bar', False),                  # str
+]
+
+
+@mock.patch("sphinx.config.logger")
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('name', 'default', 'annotation', 'actual', 'warned'), TYPECHECK_WARNINGS)
+def test_check_types(logger, name, default, annotation, actual, warned):
+    config = Config({name: actual})
+    config.add(name, default, 'env', annotation or ())
+    check_confval_types(None, config)
+    assert logger.warning.called == warned
+
+
+TYPECHECK_WARNING_MESSAGES = [
+    ('value1', 'string', [str], ['foo', 'bar'],
+        "The config value `value1' has type `list'; expected `str'."),
+    ('value1', 'string', [str, int], ['foo', 'bar'],
+        "The config value `value1' has type `list'; expected `int' or `str'."),
+    ('value1', 'string', [str, int, tuple], ['foo', 'bar'],
+        "The config value `value1' has type `list'; expected `int', `str', or `tuple'."),
+]
+
+
+@mock.patch("sphinx.config.logger")
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('name', 'default', 'annotation', 'actual', 'message'), TYPECHECK_WARNING_MESSAGES)
+def test_conf_warning_message(logger, name, default, annotation, actual, message):
+    config = Config({name: actual})
+    config.add(name, default, False, annotation or ())
+    check_confval_types(None, config)
+    assert logger.warning.called
+    assert logger.warning.call_args[0][0] == message
+
+
+@mock.patch("sphinx.config.logger")
+def test_check_enum(logger):
+    config = Config()
+    config.add('value', 'default', False, ENUM('default', 'one', 'two'))
+    check_confval_types(None, config)
+    logger.warning.assert_not_called()  # not warned
+
+
+@mock.patch("sphinx.config.logger")
+def test_check_enum_failed(logger):
+    config = Config({'value': 'invalid'})
+    config.add('value', 'default', False, ENUM('default', 'one', 'two'))
+    check_confval_types(None, config)
+    assert logger.warning.called
+
+
+@mock.patch("sphinx.config.logger")
+def test_check_enum_for_list(logger):
+    config = Config({'value': ['one', 'two']})
+    config.add('value', 'default', False, ENUM('default', 'one', 'two'))
+    check_confval_types(None, config)
+    logger.warning.assert_not_called()  # not warned
+
+
+@mock.patch("sphinx.config.logger")
+def test_check_enum_for_list_failed(logger):
+    config = Config({'value': ['one', 'two', 'invalid']})
+    config.add('value', 'default', False, ENUM('default', 'one', 'two'))
+    check_confval_types(None, config)
+    assert logger.warning.called
+
+
+@mock.patch("sphinx.config.logger")
+def test_check_any(logger):
+    config = Config({'value': None})
+    config.add('value', 'default', '', Any)
+    check_confval_types(None, config)
+    logger.warning.assert_not_called()  # not warned
+
+
+nitpick_warnings = [
+    "WARNING: py:const reference target not found: prefix.anything.postfix",
+    "WARNING: py:class reference target not found: prefix.anything",
+    "WARNING: py:class reference target not found: anything.postfix",
+    "WARNING: js:class reference target not found: prefix.anything.postfix",
+]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='nitpicky-warnings')
+def test_nitpick_base(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    warning = warning.getvalue().strip().split('\n')
+    assert len(warning) == len(nitpick_warnings)
+    for actual, expected in zip(warning, nitpick_warnings):
+        assert expected in actual
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='nitpicky-warnings', confoverrides={
+    'nitpick_ignore': {
+        ('py:const', 'prefix.anything.postfix'),
+        ('py:class', 'prefix.anything'),
+        ('py:class', 'anything.postfix'),
+        ('js:class', 'prefix.anything.postfix'),
+    },
+})
+def test_nitpick_ignore(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    assert not len(warning.getvalue().strip())
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='nitpicky-warnings', confoverrides={
+    'nitpick_ignore_regex': [
+        (r'py:.*', r'.*postfix'),
+        (r'.*:class', r'prefix.*'),
+    ],
+})
+def test_nitpick_ignore_regex1(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    assert not len(warning.getvalue().strip())
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='nitpicky-warnings', confoverrides={
+    'nitpick_ignore_regex': [
+        (r'py:.*', r'prefix.*'),
+        (r'.*:class', r'.*postfix'),
+    ],
+})
+def test_nitpick_ignore_regex2(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    assert not len(warning.getvalue().strip())
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='nitpicky-warnings', confoverrides={
+    'nitpick_ignore_regex': [
+        # None of these should match
+        (r'py:', r'.*'),
+        (r':class', r'.*'),
+        (r'', r'.*'),
+        (r'.*', r'anything'),
+        (r'.*', r'prefix'),
+        (r'.*', r'postfix'),
+        (r'.*', r''),
+    ],
+})
+def test_nitpick_ignore_regex_fullmatch(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    warning = warning.getvalue().strip().split('\n')
+    assert len(warning) == len(nitpick_warnings)
+    for actual, expected in zip(warning, nitpick_warnings):
+        assert expected in actual
+
+
+def test_conf_py_language_none(tmp_path):
+    """Regression test for #10474."""
+    # Given a conf.py file with language = None
+    (tmp_path / 'conf.py').write_text("language = None", encoding='utf-8')
+
+    # When we load conf.py into a Config object
+    cfg = Config.read(tmp_path, {}, None)
+
+    # Then the language is coerced to English
+    assert cfg.language == "en"
+
+
+@mock.patch("sphinx.config.logger")
+def test_conf_py_language_none_warning(logger, tmp_path):
+    """Regression test for #10474."""
+    # Given a conf.py file with language = None
+    (tmp_path / 'conf.py').write_text("language = None", encoding='utf-8')
+
+    # When we load conf.py into a Config object
+    Config.read(tmp_path, {}, None)
+
+    # Then a warning is raised
+    assert logger.warning.called
+    assert logger.warning.call_args[0][0] == (
+        "Invalid configuration value found: 'language = None'. "
+        "Update your configuration to a valid language code. "
+        "Falling back to 'en' (English).")
+
+
+def test_conf_py_no_language(tmp_path):
+    """Regression test for #10474."""
+    # Given a conf.py file with no language attribute
+    (tmp_path / 'conf.py').write_text("", encoding='utf-8')
+
+    # When we load conf.py into a Config object
+    cfg = Config.read(tmp_path, {}, None)
+
+    # Then the language is coerced to English
+    assert cfg.language == "en"
+
+
+def test_conf_py_nitpick_ignore_list(tmp_path):
+    """Regression test for #11355."""
+    # Given a conf.py file with no language attribute
+    (tmp_path / 'conf.py').write_text("", encoding='utf-8')
+
+    # When we load conf.py into a Config object
+    cfg = Config.read(tmp_path, {}, None)
+
+    # Then the default nitpick_ignore[_regex] is an empty list
+    assert cfg.nitpick_ignore == []
+    assert cfg.nitpick_ignore_regex == []
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(params=[
+    # test with SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH unset: no modification
+    None,
+    # test with SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH set: copyright year should be updated
+    1293840000,
+    1293839999,
+])
+def source_date_year(request, monkeypatch):
+    sde = request.param
+    with monkeypatch.context() as m:
+        if sde:
+            m.setenv('SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH', str(sde))
+            yield time.gmtime(sde).tm_year
+        else:
+            m.delenv('SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH', raising=False)
+            yield None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='copyright-multiline')
+def test_multi_line_copyright(source_date_year, app, monkeypatch):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf-8')
+
+    if source_date_year is None:
+        # check the copyright footer line by line (empty lines ignored)
+        assert '  &#169; Copyright 2006.<br/>\n' in content
+        assert '  &#169; Copyright 2006-2009, Alice.<br/>\n' in content
+        assert '  &#169; Copyright 2010-2013, Bob.<br/>\n' in content
+        assert '  &#169; Copyright 2014-2017, Charlie.<br/>\n' in content
+        assert '  &#169; Copyright 2018-2021, David.<br/>\n' in content
+        assert '  &#169; Copyright 2022-2025, Eve.' in content
+
+        # check the raw copyright footer block (empty lines included)
+        assert (
+            '      &#169; Copyright 2006.<br/>\n'
+            '    \n'
+            '      &#169; Copyright 2006-2009, Alice.<br/>\n'
+            '    \n'
+            '      &#169; Copyright 2010-2013, Bob.<br/>\n'
+            '    \n'
+            '      &#169; Copyright 2014-2017, Charlie.<br/>\n'
+            '    \n'
+            '      &#169; Copyright 2018-2021, David.<br/>\n'
+            '    \n'
+            '      &#169; Copyright 2022-2025, Eve.'
+        ) in content
+    else:
+        # check the copyright footer line by line (empty lines ignored)
+        assert f'  &#169; Copyright {source_date_year}.<br/>\n' in content
+        assert f'  &#169; Copyright 2006-{source_date_year}, Alice.<br/>\n' in content
+        assert f'  &#169; Copyright 2010-{source_date_year}, Bob.<br/>\n' in content
+        assert f'  &#169; Copyright 2014-{source_date_year}, Charlie.<br/>\n' in content
+        assert f'  &#169; Copyright 2018-{source_date_year}, David.<br/>\n' in content
+        assert f'  &#169; Copyright 2022-{source_date_year}, Eve.' in content
+
+        # check the raw copyright footer block (empty lines included)
+        assert (
+            f'      &#169; Copyright {source_date_year}.<br/>\n'
+            f'    \n'
+            f'      &#169; Copyright 2006-{source_date_year}, Alice.<br/>\n'
+            f'    \n'
+            f'      &#169; Copyright 2010-{source_date_year}, Bob.<br/>\n'
+            f'    \n'
+            f'      &#169; Copyright 2014-{source_date_year}, Charlie.<br/>\n'
+            f'    \n'
+            f'      &#169; Copyright 2018-{source_date_year}, David.<br/>\n'
+            f'    \n'
+            f'      &#169; Copyright 2022-{source_date_year}, Eve.'
+        ) in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('conf_copyright', 'expected_copyright'), [
+    ('1970', '{current_year}'),
+    # https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/11913
+    ('1970-1990', '1970-{current_year}'),
+    ('1970-1990 Alice', '1970-{current_year} Alice'),
+])
+def test_correct_copyright_year(conf_copyright, expected_copyright, source_date_year):
+    config = Config({}, {'copyright': conf_copyright})
+    correct_copyright_year(_app=None, config=config)
+    actual_copyright = config['copyright']
+
+    if source_date_year is None:
+        expected_copyright = conf_copyright
+    else:
+        expected_copyright = expected_copyright.format(current_year=source_date_year)
+    assert actual_copyright == expected_copyright
+
+
+def test_gettext_compact_command_line_true():
+    config = Config({}, {'gettext_compact': '1'})
+    config.add('gettext_compact', True, '', {bool, str})
+    _gettext_compact_validator(..., config)
+
+    # regression test for #8549 (-D gettext_compact=1)
+    assert config.gettext_compact is True
+
+
+def test_gettext_compact_command_line_false():
+    config = Config({}, {'gettext_compact': '0'})
+    config.add('gettext_compact', True, '', {bool, str})
+    _gettext_compact_validator(..., config)
+
+    # regression test for #8549 (-D gettext_compact=0)
+    assert config.gettext_compact is False
+
+
+def test_gettext_compact_command_line_str():
+    config = Config({}, {'gettext_compact': 'spam'})
+    config.add('gettext_compact', True, '', {bool, str})
+    _gettext_compact_validator(..., config)
+
+    # regression test for #8549 (-D gettext_compact=spam)
+    assert config.gettext_compact == 'spam'
diff --git a/tests/test_config/test_correct_year.py b/tests/test_config/test_correct_year.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ef77a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_config/test_correct_year.py
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+"""Test copyright year adjustment"""
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(
+    params=[
+        # test with SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH unset: no modification
+        (None, '2006-2009'),
+        # test with SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH set: copyright year should be updated
+        ('1293840000', '2006-2011'),
+        ('1293839999', '2006-2010'),
+    ],
+
+)
+def expect_date(request, monkeypatch):
+    sde, expect = request.param
+    with monkeypatch.context() as m:
+        if sde:
+            m.setenv('SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH', sde)
+        else:
+            m.delenv('SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH', raising=False)
+        yield expect
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='correct-year')
+def test_correct_year(expect_date, app):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert expect_date in content
diff --git a/tests/test_correct_year.py b/tests/test_correct_year.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 4ef77a6..0000000
--- a/tests/test_correct_year.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-"""Test copyright year adjustment"""
-import pytest
-
-
-@pytest.fixture(
-    params=[
-        # test with SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH unset: no modification
-        (None, '2006-2009'),
-        # test with SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH set: copyright year should be updated
-        ('1293840000', '2006-2011'),
-        ('1293839999', '2006-2010'),
-    ],
-
-)
-def expect_date(request, monkeypatch):
-    sde, expect = request.param
-    with monkeypatch.context() as m:
-        if sde:
-            m.setenv('SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH', sde)
-        else:
-            m.delenv('SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH', raising=False)
-        yield expect
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='correct-year')
-def test_correct_year(expect_date, app):
-    app.build()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert expect_date in content
diff --git a/tests/test_directive_code.py b/tests/test_directive_code.py
deleted file mode 100644
index df7de57..0000000
--- a/tests/test_directive_code.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,595 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the code-block directive."""
-
-import os.path
-
-import pytest
-from docutils import nodes
-
-from sphinx.config import Config
-from sphinx.directives.code import LiteralIncludeReader
-from sphinx.testing.util import etree_parse
-
-DUMMY_CONFIG = Config({}, {})
-
-
-@pytest.fixture(scope='module')
-def testroot(rootdir):
-    testroot_path = rootdir / 'test-directive-code'
-    return testroot_path
-
-
-@pytest.fixture(scope='module')
-def literal_inc_path(testroot):
-    return testroot / 'literal.inc'
-
-
-def test_LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path):
-    options = {'lineno-match': True}
-    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
-    content, lines = reader.read()
-    assert content == literal_inc_path.read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert lines == 13
-    assert reader.lineno_start == 1
-
-
-def test_LiteralIncludeReader_lineno_start(literal_inc_path):
-    options = {'lineno-start': 4}
-    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
-    content, lines = reader.read()
-    assert content == literal_inc_path.read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert lines == 13
-    assert reader.lineno_start == 4
-
-
-def test_LiteralIncludeReader_pyobject1(literal_inc_path):
-    options = {'lineno-match': True, 'pyobject': 'Foo'}
-    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
-    content, lines = reader.read()
-    assert content == ("class Foo:\n"
-                       "    pass\n")
-    assert reader.lineno_start == 5
-
-
-def test_LiteralIncludeReader_pyobject2(literal_inc_path):
-    options = {'pyobject': 'Bar'}
-    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
-    content, lines = reader.read()
-    assert content == ("class Bar:\n"
-                       "    def baz():\n"
-                       "        pass\n")
-    assert reader.lineno_start == 1  # no lineno-match
-
-
-def test_LiteralIncludeReader_pyobject3(literal_inc_path):
-    options = {'pyobject': 'Bar.baz'}
-    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
-    content, lines = reader.read()
-    assert content == ("    def baz():\n"
-                       "        pass\n")
-
-
-def test_LiteralIncludeReader_pyobject_and_lines(literal_inc_path):
-    options = {'pyobject': 'Bar', 'lines': '2-'}
-    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
-    content, lines = reader.read()
-    assert content == ("    def baz():\n"
-                       "        pass\n")
-
-
-def test_LiteralIncludeReader_lines1(literal_inc_path):
-    options = {'lines': '1-3'}
-    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
-    content, lines = reader.read()
-    assert content == ("# Literally included file using Python highlighting\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       "foo = \"Including Unicode characters: üöä\"\n")
-
-
-def test_LiteralIncludeReader_lines2(literal_inc_path):
-    options = {'lines': '1,3,5'}
-    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
-    content, lines = reader.read()
-    assert content == ("# Literally included file using Python highlighting\n"
-                       "foo = \"Including Unicode characters: üöä\"\n"
-                       "class Foo:\n")
-
-
-def test_LiteralIncludeReader_lines_and_lineno_match1(literal_inc_path):
-    options = {'lines': '3-5', 'lineno-match': True}
-    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
-    content, lines = reader.read()
-    assert content == ("foo = \"Including Unicode characters: üöä\"\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       "class Foo:\n")
-    assert reader.lineno_start == 3
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx()  # init locale for errors
-def test_LiteralIncludeReader_lines_and_lineno_match2(literal_inc_path, app, status, warning):
-    options = {'lines': '0,3,5', 'lineno-match': True}
-    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='Cannot use "lineno-match" with a disjoint set of "lines"'):
-        reader.read()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx()  # init locale for errors
-def test_LiteralIncludeReader_lines_and_lineno_match3(literal_inc_path, app, status, warning):
-    options = {'lines': '100-', 'lineno-match': True}
-    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Line spec '100-': no lines pulled from include file"):
-        reader.read()
-
-
-def test_LiteralIncludeReader_start_at(literal_inc_path):
-    options = {'lineno-match': True, 'start-at': 'Foo', 'end-at': 'Bar'}
-    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
-    content, lines = reader.read()
-    assert content == ("class Foo:\n"
-                       "    pass\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       "class Bar:\n")
-    assert reader.lineno_start == 5
-
-
-def test_LiteralIncludeReader_start_after(literal_inc_path):
-    options = {'lineno-match': True, 'start-after': 'Foo', 'end-before': 'Bar'}
-    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
-    content, lines = reader.read()
-    assert content == ("    pass\n"
-                       "\n")
-    assert reader.lineno_start == 6
-
-
-def test_LiteralIncludeReader_start_after_and_lines(literal_inc_path):
-    options = {'lineno-match': True, 'lines': '6-',
-               'start-after': 'Literally', 'end-before': 'comment'}
-    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
-    content, lines = reader.read()
-    assert content == ("\n"
-                       "class Bar:\n"
-                       "    def baz():\n"
-                       "        pass\n"
-                       "\n")
-    assert reader.lineno_start == 7
-
-
-def test_LiteralIncludeReader_start_at_and_lines(literal_inc_path):
-    options = {'lines': '2, 3, 5', 'start-at': 'foo', 'end-before': '#'}
-    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
-    content, lines = reader.read()
-    assert content == ("\n"
-                       "class Foo:\n"
-                       "\n")
-    assert reader.lineno_start == 1
-
-
-def test_LiteralIncludeReader_missing_start_and_end(literal_inc_path):
-    options = {'start-at': 'NOTHING'}
-    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='start-at pattern not found: NOTHING'):
-        reader.read()
-
-    options = {'end-at': 'NOTHING'}
-    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='end-at pattern not found: NOTHING'):
-        reader.read()
-
-    options = {'start-after': 'NOTHING'}
-    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='start-after pattern not found: NOTHING'):
-        reader.read()
-
-    options = {'end-before': 'NOTHING'}
-    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='end-before pattern not found: NOTHING'):
-        reader.read()
-
-
-def test_LiteralIncludeReader_end_before(literal_inc_path):
-    options = {'end-before': 'nclud'}  # *nclud* matches first and third lines.
-    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
-    content, lines = reader.read()
-    assert content == ("# Literally included file using Python highlighting\n"
-                       "\n")
-
-
-def test_LiteralIncludeReader_prepend(literal_inc_path):
-    options = {'lines': '1', 'prepend': 'Hello', 'append': 'Sphinx'}
-    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
-    content, lines = reader.read()
-    assert content == ("Hello\n"
-                       "# Literally included file using Python highlighting\n"
-                       "Sphinx\n")
-
-
-def test_LiteralIncludeReader_dedent(literal_inc_path):
-    # dedent: 2
-    options = {'lines': '9-11', 'dedent': 2}
-    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
-    content, lines = reader.read()
-    assert content == ("  def baz():\n"
-                       "      pass\n"
-                       "\n")
-
-    # dedent: 4
-    options = {'lines': '9-11', 'dedent': 4}
-    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
-    content, lines = reader.read()
-    assert content == ("def baz():\n"
-                       "    pass\n"
-                       "\n")
-
-    # dedent: 6
-    options = {'lines': '9-11', 'dedent': 6}
-    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
-    content, lines = reader.read()
-    assert content == ("f baz():\n"
-                       "  pass\n"
-                       "\n")
-
-    # dedent: None
-    options = {'lines': '9-11', 'dedent': None}
-    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
-    content, lines = reader.read()
-    assert content == ("def baz():\n"
-                       "    pass\n"
-                       "\n")
-
-
-def test_LiteralIncludeReader_dedent_and_append_and_prepend(literal_inc_path):
-    # dedent: 2
-    options = {'lines': '9-11', 'dedent': 2, 'prepend': 'class Foo:', 'append': '# comment'}
-    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
-    content, lines = reader.read()
-    assert content == ("class Foo:\n"
-                       "  def baz():\n"
-                       "      pass\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       "# comment\n")
-
-
-def test_LiteralIncludeReader_tabwidth(testroot):
-    # tab-width: 4
-    options = {'tab-width': 4, 'pyobject': 'Qux'}
-    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(testroot / 'target.py', options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
-    content, lines = reader.read()
-    assert content == ("class Qux:\n"
-                       "    def quux(self):\n"
-                       "        pass\n")
-
-    # tab-width: 8
-    options = {'tab-width': 8, 'pyobject': 'Qux'}
-    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(testroot / 'target.py', options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
-    content, lines = reader.read()
-    assert content == ("class Qux:\n"
-                       "        def quux(self):\n"
-                       "                pass\n")
-
-
-def test_LiteralIncludeReader_tabwidth_dedent(testroot):
-    options = {'tab-width': 4, 'dedent': 4, 'pyobject': 'Qux.quux'}
-    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(testroot / 'target.py', options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
-    content, lines = reader.read()
-    assert content == ("def quux(self):\n"
-                       "    pass\n")
-
-
-def test_LiteralIncludeReader_diff(testroot, literal_inc_path):
-    options = {'diff': testroot / 'literal-diff.inc'}
-    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
-    content, lines = reader.read()
-    assert content == ("--- " + os.path.join(testroot, 'literal-diff.inc') + "\n"
-                       "+++ " + os.path.join(testroot, 'literal.inc') + "\n"
-                       "@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@\n"
-                       "     pass\n"
-                       " \n"
-                       " class Bar:\n"
-                       "-    def baz(self):\n"
-                       "+    def baz():\n"
-                       "         pass\n"
-                       " \n"
-                       "-# comment after Bar class\n"
-                       "+# comment after Bar class definition\n"
-                       " def bar(): pass\n")
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='directive-code')
-def test_code_block(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build('index')
-    et = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'index.xml')
-    secs = et.findall('./section/section')
-    code_block = secs[0].findall('literal_block')
-    assert len(code_block) > 0
-    actual = code_block[0].text
-    expect = (
-        "    def ruby?\n" +
-        "        false\n" +
-        "    end"
-    )
-    assert actual == expect
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='directive-code')
-def test_force_option(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build(['force'])
-    assert 'force.rst' not in warning.getvalue()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='directive-code')
-def test_code_block_caption_html(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build(['caption'])
-    html = (app.outdir / 'caption.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    caption = ('<div class="code-block-caption">'
-               '<span class="caption-number">Listing 1 </span>'
-               '<span class="caption-text">caption <em>test</em> rb'
-               '</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id1" '
-               'title="Link to this code">\xb6</a></div>')
-    assert caption in html
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='directive-code')
-def test_code_block_caption_latex(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    latex = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    caption = '\\sphinxSetupCaptionForVerbatim{caption \\sphinxstyleemphasis{test} rb}'
-    label = '\\def\\sphinxLiteralBlockLabel{\\label{\\detokenize{caption:id1}}}'
-    link = '\\hyperref[\\detokenize{caption:name-test-rb}]' \
-           '{Listing \\ref{\\detokenize{caption:name-test-rb}}}'
-    assert caption in latex
-    assert label in latex
-    assert link in latex
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='directive-code')
-def test_code_block_namedlink_latex(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    latex = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    label1 = '\\def\\sphinxLiteralBlockLabel{\\label{\\detokenize{caption:name-test-rb}}}'
-    link1 = '\\hyperref[\\detokenize{caption:name-test-rb}]'\
-            '{\\sphinxcrossref{\\DUrole{std,std-ref}{Ruby}}'
-    label2 = ('\\def\\sphinxLiteralBlockLabel'
-              '{\\label{\\detokenize{namedblocks:some-ruby-code}}}')
-    link2 = '\\hyperref[\\detokenize{namedblocks:some-ruby-code}]'\
-            '{\\sphinxcrossref{\\DUrole{std,std-ref}{the ruby code}}}'
-    assert label1 in latex
-    assert link1 in latex
-    assert label2 in latex
-    assert link2 in latex
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='directive-code')
-def test_code_block_emphasize_latex(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build(['emphasize'])
-    latex = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8').replace('\r\n', '\n')
-    includes = '\\fvset{hllines={, 5, 6, 13, 14, 15, 24, 25, 26,}}%\n'
-    assert includes in latex
-    includes = '\\end{sphinxVerbatim}\n\\sphinxresetverbatimhllines\n'
-    assert includes in latex
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='directive-code')
-def test_literal_include(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build(['index'])
-    et = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'index.xml')
-    secs = et.findall('./section/section')
-    literal_include = secs[1].findall('literal_block')
-    literal_src = (app.srcdir / 'literal.inc').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert len(literal_include) > 0
-    actual = literal_include[0].text
-    assert actual == literal_src
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='directive-code')
-def test_literal_include_block_start_with_comment_or_brank(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build(['python'])
-    et = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'python.xml')
-    secs = et.findall('./section/section')
-    literal_include = secs[0].findall('literal_block')
-    assert len(literal_include) > 0
-    actual = literal_include[0].text
-    expect = (
-        'def block_start_with_comment():\n'
-        '    # Comment\n'
-        '    return 1\n'
-    )
-    assert actual == expect
-
-    actual = literal_include[1].text
-    expect = (
-        'def block_start_with_blank():\n'
-        '\n'
-        '    return 1\n'
-    )
-    assert actual == expect
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='directive-code')
-def test_literal_include_linenos(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build(['linenos'])
-    html = (app.outdir / 'linenos.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    # :linenos:
-    assert ('<span class="linenos"> 1</span><span class="c1">'
-            '# Literally included file using Python highlighting</span>' in html)
-
-    # :lineno-start:
-    assert ('<span class="linenos">200</span><span class="c1">'
-            '# Literally included file using Python highlighting</span>' in html)
-
-    # :lines: 5-9
-    assert ('<span class="linenos">5</span><span class="k">class</span> '
-            '<span class="nc">Foo</span><span class="p">:</span>' in html)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='directive-code')
-def test_literalinclude_file_whole_of_emptyline(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    latex = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8').replace('\r\n', '\n')
-    includes = (
-        '\\begin{sphinxVerbatim}'
-        '[commandchars=\\\\\\{\\},numbers=left,firstnumber=1,stepnumber=1]\n'
-        '\n'
-        '\n'
-        '\n'
-        '\\end{sphinxVerbatim}\n')
-    assert includes in latex
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='directive-code')
-def test_literalinclude_caption_html(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    html = (app.outdir / 'caption.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    caption = ('<div class="code-block-caption">'
-               '<span class="caption-number">Listing 2 </span>'
-               '<span class="caption-text">caption <strong>test</strong> py'
-               '</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id2" '
-               'title="Link to this code">\xb6</a></div>')
-    assert caption in html
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='directive-code')
-def test_literalinclude_caption_latex(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build('index')
-    latex = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    caption = '\\sphinxSetupCaptionForVerbatim{caption \\sphinxstylestrong{test} py}'
-    label = '\\def\\sphinxLiteralBlockLabel{\\label{\\detokenize{caption:id2}}}'
-    link = '\\hyperref[\\detokenize{caption:name-test-py}]' \
-           '{Listing \\ref{\\detokenize{caption:name-test-py}}}'
-    assert caption in latex
-    assert label in latex
-    assert link in latex
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='directive-code')
-def test_literalinclude_namedlink_latex(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build('index')
-    latex = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    label1 = '\\def\\sphinxLiteralBlockLabel{\\label{\\detokenize{caption:name-test-py}}}'
-    link1 = '\\hyperref[\\detokenize{caption:name-test-py}]'\
-            '{\\sphinxcrossref{\\DUrole{std,std-ref}{Python}}'
-    label2 = ('\\def\\sphinxLiteralBlockLabel'
-              '{\\label{\\detokenize{namedblocks:some-python-code}}}')
-    link2 = '\\hyperref[\\detokenize{namedblocks:some-python-code}]'\
-            '{\\sphinxcrossref{\\DUrole{std,std-ref}{the python code}}}'
-    assert label1 in latex
-    assert link1 in latex
-    assert label2 in latex
-    assert link2 in latex
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='directive-code')
-def test_literalinclude_classes(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build(['classes'])
-    et = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'classes.xml')
-    secs = et.findall('./section/section')
-
-    code_block = secs[0].findall('literal_block')
-    assert len(code_block) > 0
-    assert code_block[0].get('classes') == 'foo bar'
-    assert code_block[0].get('names') == 'code_block'
-
-    literalinclude = secs[1].findall('literal_block')
-    assert len(literalinclude) > 0
-    assert literalinclude[0].get('classes') == 'bar baz'
-    assert literalinclude[0].get('names') == 'literal_include'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='directive-code')
-def test_literalinclude_pydecorators(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build(['py-decorators'])
-    et = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'py-decorators.xml')
-    secs = et.findall('./section/section')
-
-    literal_include = secs[0].findall('literal_block')
-    assert len(literal_include) == 3
-
-    actual = literal_include[0].text
-    expect = (
-        '@class_decorator\n'
-        '@other_decorator()\n'
-        'class TheClass(object):\n'
-        '\n'
-        '    @method_decorator\n'
-        '    @other_decorator()\n'
-        '    def the_method():\n'
-        '        pass\n'
-    )
-    assert actual == expect
-
-    actual = literal_include[1].text
-    expect = (
-        '    @method_decorator\n'
-        '    @other_decorator()\n'
-        '    def the_method():\n'
-        '        pass\n'
-    )
-    assert actual == expect
-
-    actual = literal_include[2].text
-    expect = (
-        '@function_decorator\n'
-        '@other_decorator()\n'
-        'def the_function():\n'
-        '    pass\n'
-    )
-    assert actual == expect
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='directive-code')
-def test_code_block_highlighted(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build(['highlight'])
-    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('highlight')
-    codeblocks = list(doctree.findall(nodes.literal_block))
-
-    assert codeblocks[0]['language'] == 'default'
-    assert codeblocks[1]['language'] == 'python2'
-    assert codeblocks[2]['language'] == 'python3'
-    assert codeblocks[3]['language'] == 'python2'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='directive-code')
-def test_linenothreshold(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build(['linenothreshold'])
-    html = (app.outdir / 'linenothreshold.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    # code-block using linenothreshold
-    assert ('<span class="linenos">1</span><span class="k">class</span> '
-            '<span class="nc">Foo</span><span class="p">:</span>' in html)
-
-    # code-block not using linenothreshold (no line numbers)
-    assert '<span></span><span class="c1"># comment</span>' in html
-
-    # literal include using linenothreshold
-    assert ('<span class="linenos"> 1</span><span class="c1">'
-            '# Literally included file using Python highlighting</span>' in html)
-
-    # literal include not using linenothreshold (no line numbers)
-    assert ('<span></span><span class="c1"># Very small literal include '
-            '(linenothreshold check)</span>' in html)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='directive-code')
-def test_code_block_dedent(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build(['dedent'])
-    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('dedent')
-    codeblocks = list(doctree.findall(nodes.literal_block))
-    # Note: comparison string should not have newlines at the beginning or end
-    text_0_indent = '''First line
-Second line
-    Third line
-Fourth line'''
-    text_2_indent = '''  First line
-  Second line
-      Third line
-  Fourth line'''
-    text_4_indent = '''    First line
-    Second line
-        Third line
-    Fourth line'''
-
-    assert codeblocks[0].astext() == text_0_indent
-    assert codeblocks[1].astext() == text_0_indent
-    assert codeblocks[2].astext() == text_4_indent
-    assert codeblocks[3].astext() == text_2_indent
-    assert codeblocks[4].astext() == text_4_indent
-    assert codeblocks[5].astext() == text_0_indent
diff --git a/tests/test_directive_object_description.py b/tests/test_directive_object_description.py
deleted file mode 100644
index f2c9f9d..0000000
--- a/tests/test_directive_object_description.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-"""Test object description directives."""
-
-import docutils.utils
-import pytest
-from docutils import nodes
-
-from sphinx import addnodes
-from sphinx.io import create_publisher
-from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
-from sphinx.util.docutils import sphinx_domains
-
-
-def _doctree_for_test(builder, docname: str) -> nodes.document:
-    builder.env.prepare_settings(docname)
-    publisher = create_publisher(builder.app, 'restructuredtext')
-    with sphinx_domains(builder.env):
-        publisher.set_source(source_path=builder.env.doc2path(docname))
-        publisher.publish()
-        return publisher.document
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='object-description-sections')
-def test_object_description_sections(app):
-    doctree = _doctree_for_test(app.builder, 'index')
-    # <document>
-    #     <index>
-    #     <desc>
-    #         <desc_signature>
-    #             <desc_name>
-    #                 func
-    #             <desc_parameterlist>
-    #         <desc_content>
-    #             <section>
-    #                 <title>
-    #                     Overview
-    #                 <paragraph>
-    #                     Lorem ipsum dolar sit amet
-
-    assert isinstance(doctree[0], addnodes.index)
-    assert isinstance(doctree[1], addnodes.desc)
-    assert isinstance(doctree[1][0], addnodes.desc_signature)
-    assert isinstance(doctree[1][1], addnodes.desc_content)
-    assert isinstance(doctree[1][1][0], nodes.section)
-    assert isinstance(doctree[1][1][0][0], nodes.title)
-    assert doctree[1][1][0][0][0] == 'Overview'
-    assert isinstance(doctree[1][1][0][1], nodes.paragraph)
-    assert doctree[1][1][0][1][0] == 'Lorem ipsum dolar sit amet'
-
-
-def test_object_description_content_line_number(app):
-    text = (".. py:function:: foo(bar)\n" +
-            "\n" +
-            "   Some link here: :ref:`abc`\n")
-    doc = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    xrefs = list(doc.findall(condition=addnodes.pending_xref))
-    assert len(xrefs) == 1
-    source, line = docutils.utils.get_source_line(xrefs[0])
-    assert 'index.rst' in source
-    assert line == 3
diff --git a/tests/test_directive_only.py b/tests/test_directive_only.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 2e9ea63..0000000
--- a/tests/test_directive_only.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the only directive with the test root."""
-
-import re
-
-import pytest
-from docutils import nodes
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='directive-only')
-def test_sectioning(app, status, warning):
-
-    def getsects(section):
-        if not isinstance(section, nodes.section):
-            return [getsects(n) for n in section.children]
-        title = section.next_node(nodes.title).astext().strip()
-        subsects = []
-        children = section.children[:]
-        while children:
-            node = children.pop(0)
-            if isinstance(node, nodes.section):
-                subsects.append(node)
-                continue
-            children = list(node.children) + children
-        return [title, [getsects(subsect) for subsect in subsects]]
-
-    def testsects(prefix, sects, indent=0):
-        title = sects[0]
-        parent_num = title.split()[0]
-        assert prefix == parent_num, \
-            'Section out of place: %r' % title
-        for i, subsect in enumerate(sects[1]):
-            num = subsect[0].split()[0]
-            assert re.match('[0-9]+[.0-9]*[.]', num), \
-                'Unnumbered section: %r' % subsect[0]
-            testsects(prefix + str(i + 1) + '.', subsect, indent + 4)
-
-    app.builder.build(['only'])
-    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('only')
-    app.env.apply_post_transforms(doctree, 'only')
-
-    parts = [getsects(n)
-             for n in [_n for _n in doctree.children if isinstance(_n, nodes.section)]]
-    for i, s in enumerate(parts):
-        testsects(str(i + 1) + '.', s, 4)
-    assert len(parts) == 4, 'Expected 4 document level headings, got:\n%s' % \
-        '\n'.join([p[0] for p in parts])
diff --git a/tests/test_directive_other.py b/tests/test_directive_other.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 1feb251..0000000
--- a/tests/test_directive_other.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,195 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the other directives."""
-from pathlib import Path
-
-import pytest
-from docutils import nodes
-
-from sphinx import addnodes
-from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
-from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='toctree-glob')
-def test_toctree(app):
-    text = (".. toctree::\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   foo\n"
-            "   bar/index\n"
-            "   baz\n")
-
-    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, 'index')
-    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.compound, addnodes.toctree])
-    assert_node(doctree[0][0],
-                entries=[(None, 'foo'), (None, 'bar/index'), (None, 'baz')],
-                includefiles=['foo', 'bar/index', 'baz'])
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='toctree-glob')
-def test_relative_toctree(app):
-    text = (".. toctree::\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   bar_1\n"
-            "   bar_2\n"
-            "   bar_3\n"
-            "   ../quux\n")
-
-    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, 'bar/index')
-    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.compound, addnodes.toctree])
-    assert_node(doctree[0][0],
-                entries=[(None, 'bar/bar_1'), (None, 'bar/bar_2'), (None, 'bar/bar_3'),
-                         (None, 'quux')],
-                includefiles=['bar/bar_1', 'bar/bar_2', 'bar/bar_3', 'quux'])
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='toctree-glob')
-def test_toctree_urls_and_titles(app):
-    text = (".. toctree::\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   Sphinx <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/>\n"
-            "   https://readthedocs.org/\n"
-            "   The BAR <bar/index>\n")
-
-    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, 'index')
-    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.compound, addnodes.toctree])
-    assert_node(doctree[0][0],
-                entries=[('Sphinx', 'https://www.sphinx-doc.org/'),
-                         (None, 'https://readthedocs.org/'),
-                         ('The BAR', 'bar/index')],
-                includefiles=['bar/index'])
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='toctree-glob')
-def test_toctree_glob(app):
-    text = (".. toctree::\n"
-            "   :glob:\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   *\n")
-
-    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, 'index')
-    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.compound, addnodes.toctree])
-    assert_node(doctree[0][0],
-                entries=[(None, 'baz'), (None, 'foo'), (None, 'quux')],
-                includefiles=['baz', 'foo', 'quux'])
-
-    # give both docname and glob (case1)
-    text = (".. toctree::\n"
-            "   :glob:\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   foo\n"
-            "   *\n")
-
-    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, 'index')
-    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.compound, addnodes.toctree])
-    assert_node(doctree[0][0],
-                entries=[(None, 'foo'), (None, 'baz'), (None, 'quux')],
-                includefiles=['foo', 'baz', 'quux'])
-
-    # give both docname and glob (case2)
-    text = (".. toctree::\n"
-            "   :glob:\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   *\n"
-            "   foo\n")
-
-    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, 'index')
-    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.compound, addnodes.toctree])
-    assert_node(doctree[0][0],
-                entries=[(None, 'baz'), (None, 'foo'), (None, 'quux'), (None, 'foo')],
-                includefiles=['baz', 'foo', 'quux', 'foo'])
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='toctree-glob')
-def test_toctree_glob_and_url(app):
-    text = (".. toctree::\n"
-            "   :glob:\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   https://example.com/?q=sphinx\n")
-
-    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, 'index')
-    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.compound, addnodes.toctree])
-    assert_node(doctree[0][0],
-                entries=[(None, 'https://example.com/?q=sphinx')],
-                includefiles=[])
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='toctree-glob')
-def test_reversed_toctree(app):
-    text = (".. toctree::\n"
-            "   :reversed:\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   foo\n"
-            "   bar/index\n"
-            "   baz\n")
-
-    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, 'index')
-    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.compound, addnodes.toctree])
-    assert_node(doctree[0][0],
-                entries=[(None, 'baz'), (None, 'bar/index'), (None, 'foo')],
-                includefiles=['baz', 'bar/index', 'foo'])
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='toctree-glob')
-def test_toctree_twice(app):
-    text = (".. toctree::\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   foo\n"
-            "   foo\n")
-
-    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, 'index')
-    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.compound, addnodes.toctree])
-    assert_node(doctree[0][0],
-                entries=[(None, 'foo'), (None, 'foo')],
-                includefiles=['foo', 'foo'])
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='directive-include')
-def test_include_include_read_event(app):
-    sources_reported = []
-
-    def source_read_handler(_app, relative_path, parent_docname, source):
-        sources_reported.append((relative_path, parent_docname, source[0]))
-
-    app.connect("include-read", source_read_handler)
-    text = """\
-.. include:: baz/baz.rst
-   :start-line: 4
-.. include:: text.txt
-   :literal:
-.. include:: bar.txt
-"""
-    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
-    restructuredtext.parse(app, text, 'index')
-
-    included_files = {filename.as_posix()
-                      for filename, p, s in sources_reported}
-    assert 'index.rst' not in included_files  # sources don't emit 'include-read'
-    assert 'baz/baz.rst' in included_files
-    assert 'text.txt' not in included_files  # text was included as literal, no rst parsing
-    assert 'bar.txt' in included_files  # suffix not in source-suffixes
-    assert (Path('baz/baz.rst'), 'index', '\nBaz was here.') in sources_reported
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='directive-include')
-def test_include_include_read_event_nested_includes(app):
-
-    def source_read_handler(_app, _relative_path, _parent_docname, source):
-        text = source[0].replace("#magical", "amazing")
-        source[0] = text
-
-    app.connect("include-read", source_read_handler)
-    text = ".. include:: baz/baz.rst\n"
-    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, 'index')
-    assert_node(doctree, addnodes.document)
-    assert len(doctree.children) == 3
-    assert_node(doctree.children[1], nodes.paragraph)
-    assert doctree.children[1].rawsource == "The amazing foo."
diff --git a/tests/test_directive_patch.py b/tests/test_directive_patch.py
deleted file mode 100644
index f4eb8f9..0000000
--- a/tests/test_directive_patch.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,110 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the patched directives."""
-
-import pytest
-from docutils import nodes
-
-from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
-from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
-
-
-def test_code_directive(app):
-    # normal case
-    text = ('.. code::\n'
-            '\n'
-            '   print("hello world")\n')
-
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.literal_block, 'print("hello world")'])
-    assert_node(doctree[0], language="default", highlight_args={})
-
-    # with language
-    text = ('.. code:: python\n'
-            '\n'
-            '   print("hello world")\n')
-
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.literal_block, 'print("hello world")'])
-    assert_node(doctree[0], language="python", highlight_args={})
-
-    # :number-lines: option
-    text = ('.. code:: python\n'
-            '   :number-lines:\n'
-            '\n'
-            '   print("hello world")\n')
-
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.literal_block, 'print("hello world")'])
-    assert_node(doctree[0], language="python", linenos=True, highlight_args={})
-
-    # :number-lines: option
-    text = ('.. code:: python\n'
-            '   :number-lines: 5\n'
-            '\n'
-            '   print("hello world")\n')
-
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.literal_block, 'print("hello world")'])
-    assert_node(doctree[0], language="python", linenos=True, highlight_args={'linenostart': 5})
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='directive-csv-table')
-def test_csv_table_directive(app):
-    # relative path from current document
-    text = ('.. csv-table::\n'
-            '   :file: example.csv\n')
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, docname="subdir/index")
-    assert_node(doctree,
-                ([nodes.table, nodes.tgroup, (nodes.colspec,
-                                              nodes.colspec,
-                                              nodes.colspec,
-                                              [nodes.tbody, nodes.row])],))
-    assert_node(doctree[0][0][3][0],
-                ([nodes.entry, nodes.paragraph, "FOO"],
-                 [nodes.entry, nodes.paragraph, "BAR"],
-                 [nodes.entry, nodes.paragraph, "BAZ"]))
-
-    # absolute path from source directory
-    text = ('.. csv-table::\n'
-            '   :file: /example.csv\n')
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, docname="subdir/index")
-    assert_node(doctree,
-                ([nodes.table, nodes.tgroup, (nodes.colspec,
-                                              nodes.colspec,
-                                              nodes.colspec,
-                                              [nodes.tbody, nodes.row])],))
-    assert_node(doctree[0][0][3][0],
-                ([nodes.entry, nodes.paragraph, "foo"],
-                 [nodes.entry, nodes.paragraph, "bar"],
-                 [nodes.entry, nodes.paragraph, "baz"]))
-
-
-def test_math_directive(app):
-    # normal case
-    text = '.. math:: E = mc^2'
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.math_block, 'E = mc^2\n\n'])
-
-    # :name: option
-    text = ('.. math:: E = mc^2\n'
-            '   :name: eq1\n')
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, (nodes.target,
-                                           [nodes.math_block, "E = mc^2\n\n"])])
-    assert_node(doctree[1], nodes.math_block, docname='index', label="eq1", number=1)
-
-    # :label: option
-    text = ('.. math:: E = mc^2\n'
-            '   :label: eq2\n')
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, (nodes.target,
-                                           [nodes.math_block, 'E = mc^2\n\n'])])
-    assert_node(doctree[1], nodes.math_block, docname='index', label="eq2", number=2)
-
-    # :label: option without value
-    text = ('.. math:: E = mc^2\n'
-            '   :label:\n')
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, (nodes.target,
-                                           [nodes.math_block, 'E = mc^2\n\n'])])
-    assert_node(doctree[1], nodes.math_block, ids=['equation-index-0'],
-                docname='index', label="index:0", number=3)
diff --git a/tests/test_directives/__init__.py b/tests/test_directives/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/tests/test_directives/test_directive_code.py b/tests/test_directives/test_directive_code.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2783d8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_directives/test_directive_code.py
@@ -0,0 +1,595 @@
+"""Test the code-block directive."""
+
+import os.path
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx.config import Config
+from sphinx.directives.code import LiteralIncludeReader
+from sphinx.testing.util import etree_parse
+
+DUMMY_CONFIG = Config({}, {})
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope='module')
+def testroot(rootdir):
+    testroot_path = rootdir / 'test-directive-code'
+    return testroot_path
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope='module')
+def literal_inc_path(testroot):
+    return testroot / 'literal.inc'
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'lineno-match': True}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == literal_inc_path.read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert lines == 13
+    assert reader.lineno_start == 1
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_lineno_start(literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'lineno-start': 4}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == literal_inc_path.read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert lines == 13
+    assert reader.lineno_start == 4
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_pyobject1(literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'lineno-match': True, 'pyobject': 'Foo'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("class Foo:\n"
+                       "    pass\n")
+    assert reader.lineno_start == 5
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_pyobject2(literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'pyobject': 'Bar'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("class Bar:\n"
+                       "    def baz():\n"
+                       "        pass\n")
+    assert reader.lineno_start == 1  # no lineno-match
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_pyobject3(literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'pyobject': 'Bar.baz'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("    def baz():\n"
+                       "        pass\n")
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_pyobject_and_lines(literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'pyobject': 'Bar', 'lines': '2-'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("    def baz():\n"
+                       "        pass\n")
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_lines1(literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'lines': '1-3'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("# Literally included file using Python highlighting\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "foo = \"Including Unicode characters: üöä\"\n")
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_lines2(literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'lines': '1,3,5'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("# Literally included file using Python highlighting\n"
+                       "foo = \"Including Unicode characters: üöä\"\n"
+                       "class Foo:\n")
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_lines_and_lineno_match1(literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'lines': '3-5', 'lineno-match': True}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("foo = \"Including Unicode characters: üöä\"\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "class Foo:\n")
+    assert reader.lineno_start == 3
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx()  # init locale for errors
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_lines_and_lineno_match2(literal_inc_path, app, status, warning):
+    options = {'lines': '0,3,5', 'lineno-match': True}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='Cannot use "lineno-match" with a disjoint set of "lines"'):
+        reader.read()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx()  # init locale for errors
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_lines_and_lineno_match3(literal_inc_path, app, status, warning):
+    options = {'lines': '100-', 'lineno-match': True}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Line spec '100-': no lines pulled from include file"):
+        reader.read()
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_start_at(literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'lineno-match': True, 'start-at': 'Foo', 'end-at': 'Bar'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("class Foo:\n"
+                       "    pass\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "class Bar:\n")
+    assert reader.lineno_start == 5
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_start_after(literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'lineno-match': True, 'start-after': 'Foo', 'end-before': 'Bar'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("    pass\n"
+                       "\n")
+    assert reader.lineno_start == 6
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_start_after_and_lines(literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'lineno-match': True, 'lines': '6-',
+               'start-after': 'Literally', 'end-before': 'comment'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("\n"
+                       "class Bar:\n"
+                       "    def baz():\n"
+                       "        pass\n"
+                       "\n")
+    assert reader.lineno_start == 7
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_start_at_and_lines(literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'lines': '2, 3, 5', 'start-at': 'foo', 'end-before': '#'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("\n"
+                       "class Foo:\n"
+                       "\n")
+    assert reader.lineno_start == 1
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_missing_start_and_end(literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'start-at': 'NOTHING'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='start-at pattern not found: NOTHING'):
+        reader.read()
+
+    options = {'end-at': 'NOTHING'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='end-at pattern not found: NOTHING'):
+        reader.read()
+
+    options = {'start-after': 'NOTHING'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='start-after pattern not found: NOTHING'):
+        reader.read()
+
+    options = {'end-before': 'NOTHING'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='end-before pattern not found: NOTHING'):
+        reader.read()
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_end_before(literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'end-before': 'nclud'}  # *nclud* matches first and third lines.
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("# Literally included file using Python highlighting\n"
+                       "\n")
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_prepend(literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'lines': '1', 'prepend': 'Hello', 'append': 'Sphinx'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("Hello\n"
+                       "# Literally included file using Python highlighting\n"
+                       "Sphinx\n")
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_dedent(literal_inc_path):
+    # dedent: 2
+    options = {'lines': '9-11', 'dedent': 2}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("  def baz():\n"
+                       "      pass\n"
+                       "\n")
+
+    # dedent: 4
+    options = {'lines': '9-11', 'dedent': 4}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("def baz():\n"
+                       "    pass\n"
+                       "\n")
+
+    # dedent: 6
+    options = {'lines': '9-11', 'dedent': 6}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("f baz():\n"
+                       "  pass\n"
+                       "\n")
+
+    # dedent: None
+    options = {'lines': '9-11', 'dedent': None}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("def baz():\n"
+                       "    pass\n"
+                       "\n")
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_dedent_and_append_and_prepend(literal_inc_path):
+    # dedent: 2
+    options = {'lines': '9-11', 'dedent': 2, 'prepend': 'class Foo:', 'append': '# comment'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("class Foo:\n"
+                       "  def baz():\n"
+                       "      pass\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "# comment\n")
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_tabwidth(testroot):
+    # tab-width: 4
+    options = {'tab-width': 4, 'pyobject': 'Qux'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(testroot / 'target.py', options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("class Qux:\n"
+                       "    def quux(self):\n"
+                       "        pass\n")
+
+    # tab-width: 8
+    options = {'tab-width': 8, 'pyobject': 'Qux'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(testroot / 'target.py', options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("class Qux:\n"
+                       "        def quux(self):\n"
+                       "                pass\n")
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_tabwidth_dedent(testroot):
+    options = {'tab-width': 4, 'dedent': 4, 'pyobject': 'Qux.quux'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(testroot / 'target.py', options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("def quux(self):\n"
+                       "    pass\n")
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_diff(testroot, literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'diff': testroot / 'literal-diff.inc'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("--- " + os.path.join(testroot, 'literal-diff.inc') + "\n"
+                       "+++ " + os.path.join(testroot, 'literal.inc') + "\n"
+                       "@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@\n"
+                       "     pass\n"
+                       " \n"
+                       " class Bar:\n"
+                       "-    def baz(self):\n"
+                       "+    def baz():\n"
+                       "         pass\n"
+                       " \n"
+                       "-# comment after Bar class\n"
+                       "+# comment after Bar class definition\n"
+                       " def bar(): pass\n")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_code_block(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(filenames=[app.srcdir / 'index.rst'])
+    et = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'index.xml')
+    secs = et.findall('./section/section')
+    code_block = secs[0].findall('literal_block')
+    assert len(code_block) > 0
+    actual = code_block[0].text
+    expect = (
+        "    def ruby?\n" +
+        "        false\n" +
+        "    end"
+    )
+    assert actual == expect
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_force_option(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(filenames=[app.srcdir / 'force.rst'])
+    assert 'force.rst' not in warning.getvalue()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_code_block_caption_html(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(filenames=[app.srcdir / 'caption.rst'])
+    html = (app.outdir / 'caption.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    caption = ('<div class="code-block-caption">'
+               '<span class="caption-number">Listing 1 </span>'
+               '<span class="caption-text">caption <em>test</em> rb'
+               '</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id1" '
+               'title="Link to this code">\xb6</a></div>')
+    assert caption in html
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_code_block_caption_latex(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    latex = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    caption = '\\sphinxSetupCaptionForVerbatim{caption \\sphinxstyleemphasis{test} rb}'
+    label = '\\def\\sphinxLiteralBlockLabel{\\label{\\detokenize{caption:id1}}}'
+    link = '\\hyperref[\\detokenize{caption:name-test-rb}]' \
+           '{Listing \\ref{\\detokenize{caption:name-test-rb}}}'
+    assert caption in latex
+    assert label in latex
+    assert link in latex
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_code_block_namedlink_latex(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    latex = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    label1 = '\\def\\sphinxLiteralBlockLabel{\\label{\\detokenize{caption:name-test-rb}}}'
+    link1 = '\\hyperref[\\detokenize{caption:name-test-rb}]'\
+            '{\\sphinxcrossref{\\DUrole{std,std-ref}{Ruby}}'
+    label2 = ('\\def\\sphinxLiteralBlockLabel'
+              '{\\label{\\detokenize{namedblocks:some-ruby-code}}}')
+    link2 = '\\hyperref[\\detokenize{namedblocks:some-ruby-code}]'\
+            '{\\sphinxcrossref{\\DUrole{std,std-ref}{the ruby code}}}'
+    assert label1 in latex
+    assert link1 in latex
+    assert label2 in latex
+    assert link2 in latex
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_code_block_emphasize_latex(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(filenames=[app.srcdir / 'emphasize.rst'])
+    latex = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8').replace('\r\n', '\n')
+    includes = '\\fvset{hllines={, 5, 6, 13, 14, 15, 24, 25, 26,}}%\n'
+    assert includes in latex
+    includes = '\\end{sphinxVerbatim}\n\\sphinxresetverbatimhllines\n'
+    assert includes in latex
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_literal_include(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(filenames=[app.srcdir / 'index.rst'])
+    et = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'index.xml')
+    secs = et.findall('./section/section')
+    literal_include = secs[1].findall('literal_block')
+    literal_src = (app.srcdir / 'literal.inc').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert len(literal_include) > 0
+    actual = literal_include[0].text
+    assert actual == literal_src
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_literal_include_block_start_with_comment_or_brank(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(filenames=[app.srcdir / 'python.rst'])
+    et = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'python.xml')
+    secs = et.findall('./section/section')
+    literal_include = secs[0].findall('literal_block')
+    assert len(literal_include) > 0
+    actual = literal_include[0].text
+    expect = (
+        'def block_start_with_comment():\n'
+        '    # Comment\n'
+        '    return 1\n'
+    )
+    assert actual == expect
+
+    actual = literal_include[1].text
+    expect = (
+        'def block_start_with_blank():\n'
+        '\n'
+        '    return 1\n'
+    )
+    assert actual == expect
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_literal_include_linenos(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(filenames=[app.srcdir / 'linenos.rst'])
+    html = (app.outdir / 'linenos.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # :linenos:
+    assert ('<span class="linenos"> 1</span><span class="c1">'
+            '# Literally included file using Python highlighting</span>' in html)
+
+    # :lineno-start:
+    assert ('<span class="linenos">200</span><span class="c1">'
+            '# Literally included file using Python highlighting</span>' in html)
+
+    # :lines: 5-9
+    assert ('<span class="linenos">5</span><span class="k">class</span> '
+            '<span class="nc">Foo</span><span class="p">:</span>' in html)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_literalinclude_file_whole_of_emptyline(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    latex = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8').replace('\r\n', '\n')
+    includes = (
+        '\\begin{sphinxVerbatim}'
+        '[commandchars=\\\\\\{\\},numbers=left,firstnumber=1,stepnumber=1]\n'
+        '\n'
+        '\n'
+        '\n'
+        '\\end{sphinxVerbatim}\n')
+    assert includes in latex
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_literalinclude_caption_html(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    html = (app.outdir / 'caption.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    caption = ('<div class="code-block-caption">'
+               '<span class="caption-number">Listing 2 </span>'
+               '<span class="caption-text">caption <strong>test</strong> py'
+               '</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id2" '
+               'title="Link to this code">\xb6</a></div>')
+    assert caption in html
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_literalinclude_caption_latex(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(filenames='index')
+    latex = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    caption = '\\sphinxSetupCaptionForVerbatim{caption \\sphinxstylestrong{test} py}'
+    label = '\\def\\sphinxLiteralBlockLabel{\\label{\\detokenize{caption:id2}}}'
+    link = '\\hyperref[\\detokenize{caption:name-test-py}]' \
+           '{Listing \\ref{\\detokenize{caption:name-test-py}}}'
+    assert caption in latex
+    assert label in latex
+    assert link in latex
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_literalinclude_namedlink_latex(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(filenames='index')
+    latex = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    label1 = '\\def\\sphinxLiteralBlockLabel{\\label{\\detokenize{caption:name-test-py}}}'
+    link1 = '\\hyperref[\\detokenize{caption:name-test-py}]'\
+            '{\\sphinxcrossref{\\DUrole{std,std-ref}{Python}}'
+    label2 = ('\\def\\sphinxLiteralBlockLabel'
+              '{\\label{\\detokenize{namedblocks:some-python-code}}}')
+    link2 = '\\hyperref[\\detokenize{namedblocks:some-python-code}]'\
+            '{\\sphinxcrossref{\\DUrole{std,std-ref}{the python code}}}'
+    assert label1 in latex
+    assert link1 in latex
+    assert label2 in latex
+    assert link2 in latex
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_literalinclude_classes(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(filenames=[app.srcdir / 'classes.rst'])
+    et = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'classes.xml')
+    secs = et.findall('./section/section')
+
+    code_block = secs[0].findall('literal_block')
+    assert len(code_block) > 0
+    assert code_block[0].get('classes') == 'foo bar'
+    assert code_block[0].get('names') == 'code_block'
+
+    literalinclude = secs[1].findall('literal_block')
+    assert len(literalinclude) > 0
+    assert literalinclude[0].get('classes') == 'bar baz'
+    assert literalinclude[0].get('names') == 'literal_include'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_literalinclude_pydecorators(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(filenames=[app.srcdir / 'py-decorators.rst'])
+    et = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'py-decorators.xml')
+    secs = et.findall('./section/section')
+
+    literal_include = secs[0].findall('literal_block')
+    assert len(literal_include) == 3
+
+    actual = literal_include[0].text
+    expect = (
+        '@class_decorator\n'
+        '@other_decorator()\n'
+        'class TheClass(object):\n'
+        '\n'
+        '    @method_decorator\n'
+        '    @other_decorator()\n'
+        '    def the_method():\n'
+        '        pass\n'
+    )
+    assert actual == expect
+
+    actual = literal_include[1].text
+    expect = (
+        '    @method_decorator\n'
+        '    @other_decorator()\n'
+        '    def the_method():\n'
+        '        pass\n'
+    )
+    assert actual == expect
+
+    actual = literal_include[2].text
+    expect = (
+        '@function_decorator\n'
+        '@other_decorator()\n'
+        'def the_function():\n'
+        '    pass\n'
+    )
+    assert actual == expect
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_code_block_highlighted(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(filenames=[app.srcdir / 'highlight.rst'])
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('highlight')
+    codeblocks = list(doctree.findall(nodes.literal_block))
+
+    assert codeblocks[0]['language'] == 'default'
+    assert codeblocks[1]['language'] == 'python2'
+    assert codeblocks[2]['language'] == 'python3'
+    assert codeblocks[3]['language'] == 'python2'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_linenothreshold(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(filenames=[app.srcdir / 'linenothreshold.rst'])
+    html = (app.outdir / 'linenothreshold.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # code-block using linenothreshold
+    assert ('<span class="linenos">1</span><span class="k">class</span> '
+            '<span class="nc">Foo</span><span class="p">:</span>' in html)
+
+    # code-block not using linenothreshold (no line numbers)
+    assert '<span></span><span class="c1"># comment</span>' in html
+
+    # literal include using linenothreshold
+    assert ('<span class="linenos"> 1</span><span class="c1">'
+            '# Literally included file using Python highlighting</span>' in html)
+
+    # literal include not using linenothreshold (no line numbers)
+    assert ('<span></span><span class="c1"># Very small literal include '
+            '(linenothreshold check)</span>' in html)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_code_block_dedent(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(filenames=[app.srcdir / 'dedent.rst'])
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('dedent')
+    codeblocks = list(doctree.findall(nodes.literal_block))
+    # Note: comparison string should not have newlines at the beginning or end
+    text_0_indent = '''First line
+Second line
+    Third line
+Fourth line'''
+    text_2_indent = '''  First line
+  Second line
+      Third line
+  Fourth line'''
+    text_4_indent = '''    First line
+    Second line
+        Third line
+    Fourth line'''
+
+    assert codeblocks[0].astext() == text_0_indent
+    assert codeblocks[1].astext() == text_0_indent
+    assert codeblocks[2].astext() == text_4_indent
+    assert codeblocks[3].astext() == text_2_indent
+    assert codeblocks[4].astext() == text_4_indent
+    assert codeblocks[5].astext() == text_0_indent
diff --git a/tests/test_directives/test_directive_object_description.py b/tests/test_directives/test_directive_object_description.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2c9f9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_directives/test_directive_object_description.py
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+"""Test object description directives."""
+
+import docutils.utils
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.io import create_publisher
+from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
+from sphinx.util.docutils import sphinx_domains
+
+
+def _doctree_for_test(builder, docname: str) -> nodes.document:
+    builder.env.prepare_settings(docname)
+    publisher = create_publisher(builder.app, 'restructuredtext')
+    with sphinx_domains(builder.env):
+        publisher.set_source(source_path=builder.env.doc2path(docname))
+        publisher.publish()
+        return publisher.document
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='object-description-sections')
+def test_object_description_sections(app):
+    doctree = _doctree_for_test(app.builder, 'index')
+    # <document>
+    #     <index>
+    #     <desc>
+    #         <desc_signature>
+    #             <desc_name>
+    #                 func
+    #             <desc_parameterlist>
+    #         <desc_content>
+    #             <section>
+    #                 <title>
+    #                     Overview
+    #                 <paragraph>
+    #                     Lorem ipsum dolar sit amet
+
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0], addnodes.index)
+    assert isinstance(doctree[1], addnodes.desc)
+    assert isinstance(doctree[1][0], addnodes.desc_signature)
+    assert isinstance(doctree[1][1], addnodes.desc_content)
+    assert isinstance(doctree[1][1][0], nodes.section)
+    assert isinstance(doctree[1][1][0][0], nodes.title)
+    assert doctree[1][1][0][0][0] == 'Overview'
+    assert isinstance(doctree[1][1][0][1], nodes.paragraph)
+    assert doctree[1][1][0][1][0] == 'Lorem ipsum dolar sit amet'
+
+
+def test_object_description_content_line_number(app):
+    text = (".. py:function:: foo(bar)\n" +
+            "\n" +
+            "   Some link here: :ref:`abc`\n")
+    doc = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    xrefs = list(doc.findall(condition=addnodes.pending_xref))
+    assert len(xrefs) == 1
+    source, line = docutils.utils.get_source_line(xrefs[0])
+    assert 'index.rst' in source
+    assert line == 3
diff --git a/tests/test_directives/test_directive_only.py b/tests/test_directives/test_directive_only.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf03c7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_directives/test_directive_only.py
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+"""Test the only directive with the test root."""
+
+import re
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='directive-only')
+def test_sectioning(app, status, warning):
+
+    def getsects(section):
+        if not isinstance(section, nodes.section):
+            return [getsects(n) for n in section.children]
+        title = section.next_node(nodes.title).astext().strip()
+        subsects = []
+        children = section.children[:]
+        while children:
+            node = children.pop(0)
+            if isinstance(node, nodes.section):
+                subsects.append(node)
+                continue
+            children = list(node.children) + children
+        return [title, [getsects(subsect) for subsect in subsects]]
+
+    def testsects(prefix, sects, indent=0):
+        title = sects[0]
+        parent_num = title.split()[0]
+        assert prefix == parent_num, \
+            'Section out of place: %r' % title
+        for i, subsect in enumerate(sects[1]):
+            num = subsect[0].split()[0]
+            assert re.match('[0-9]+[.0-9]*[.]', num), \
+                'Unnumbered section: %r' % subsect[0]
+            testsects(prefix + str(i + 1) + '.', subsect, indent + 4)
+
+    app.build(filenames=[app.srcdir / 'only.rst'])
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('only')
+    app.env.apply_post_transforms(doctree, 'only')
+
+    parts = [getsects(n)
+             for n in [_n for _n in doctree.children if isinstance(_n, nodes.section)]]
+    for i, s in enumerate(parts):
+        testsects(str(i + 1) + '.', s, 4)
+    assert len(parts) == 4, 'Expected 4 document level headings, got:\n%s' % \
+        '\n'.join(p[0] for p in parts)
diff --git a/tests/test_directives/test_directive_option.py b/tests/test_directives/test_directive_option.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76448cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_directives/test_directive_option.py
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='root',
+                    confoverrides={'option_emphasise_placeholders': True})
+def test_option_emphasise_placeholders(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'objects.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<em><span class="pre">TYPE</span></em>' in content
+    assert '{TYPE}' not in content
+    assert ('<em><span class="pre">WHERE</span></em>'
+            '<span class="pre">-</span>'
+            '<em><span class="pre">COUNT</span></em>' in content)
+    assert '<span class="pre">{{value}}</span>' in content
+    assert ('<span class="pre">--plugin.option</span></span>'
+            '<a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-perl-plugin.option" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>') in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='root')
+def test_option_emphasise_placeholders_default(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'objects.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<span class="pre">={TYPE}</span>' in content
+    assert '<span class="pre">={WHERE}-{COUNT}</span></span>' in content
+    assert '<span class="pre">{client_name}</span>' in content
+    assert ('<span class="pre">--plugin.option</span></span>'
+            '<span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span>'
+            '<a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-perl-plugin.option" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>') in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='root')
+def test_option_reference_with_value(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'objects.html').read_text(encoding='utf-8')
+    assert ('<span class="pre">-mapi</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname">'
+            '</span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-git-commit-mapi"') in content
+    assert 'first option <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-git-commit-mapi">' in content
+    assert ('<a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-git-commit-mapi">'
+            '<code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-mapi[=xxx]</span></code></a>') in content
+    assert '<span class="pre">-mapi</span> <span class="pre">with_space</span>' in content
diff --git a/tests/test_directives/test_directive_other.py b/tests/test_directives/test_directive_other.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1feb251
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_directives/test_directive_other.py
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+"""Test the other directives."""
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='toctree-glob')
+def test_toctree(app):
+    text = (".. toctree::\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   foo\n"
+            "   bar/index\n"
+            "   baz\n")
+
+    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, 'index')
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.compound, addnodes.toctree])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0],
+                entries=[(None, 'foo'), (None, 'bar/index'), (None, 'baz')],
+                includefiles=['foo', 'bar/index', 'baz'])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='toctree-glob')
+def test_relative_toctree(app):
+    text = (".. toctree::\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   bar_1\n"
+            "   bar_2\n"
+            "   bar_3\n"
+            "   ../quux\n")
+
+    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, 'bar/index')
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.compound, addnodes.toctree])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0],
+                entries=[(None, 'bar/bar_1'), (None, 'bar/bar_2'), (None, 'bar/bar_3'),
+                         (None, 'quux')],
+                includefiles=['bar/bar_1', 'bar/bar_2', 'bar/bar_3', 'quux'])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='toctree-glob')
+def test_toctree_urls_and_titles(app):
+    text = (".. toctree::\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   Sphinx <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/>\n"
+            "   https://readthedocs.org/\n"
+            "   The BAR <bar/index>\n")
+
+    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, 'index')
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.compound, addnodes.toctree])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0],
+                entries=[('Sphinx', 'https://www.sphinx-doc.org/'),
+                         (None, 'https://readthedocs.org/'),
+                         ('The BAR', 'bar/index')],
+                includefiles=['bar/index'])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='toctree-glob')
+def test_toctree_glob(app):
+    text = (".. toctree::\n"
+            "   :glob:\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   *\n")
+
+    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, 'index')
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.compound, addnodes.toctree])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0],
+                entries=[(None, 'baz'), (None, 'foo'), (None, 'quux')],
+                includefiles=['baz', 'foo', 'quux'])
+
+    # give both docname and glob (case1)
+    text = (".. toctree::\n"
+            "   :glob:\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   foo\n"
+            "   *\n")
+
+    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, 'index')
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.compound, addnodes.toctree])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0],
+                entries=[(None, 'foo'), (None, 'baz'), (None, 'quux')],
+                includefiles=['foo', 'baz', 'quux'])
+
+    # give both docname and glob (case2)
+    text = (".. toctree::\n"
+            "   :glob:\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   *\n"
+            "   foo\n")
+
+    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, 'index')
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.compound, addnodes.toctree])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0],
+                entries=[(None, 'baz'), (None, 'foo'), (None, 'quux'), (None, 'foo')],
+                includefiles=['baz', 'foo', 'quux', 'foo'])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='toctree-glob')
+def test_toctree_glob_and_url(app):
+    text = (".. toctree::\n"
+            "   :glob:\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   https://example.com/?q=sphinx\n")
+
+    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, 'index')
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.compound, addnodes.toctree])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0],
+                entries=[(None, 'https://example.com/?q=sphinx')],
+                includefiles=[])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='toctree-glob')
+def test_reversed_toctree(app):
+    text = (".. toctree::\n"
+            "   :reversed:\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   foo\n"
+            "   bar/index\n"
+            "   baz\n")
+
+    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, 'index')
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.compound, addnodes.toctree])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0],
+                entries=[(None, 'baz'), (None, 'bar/index'), (None, 'foo')],
+                includefiles=['baz', 'bar/index', 'foo'])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='toctree-glob')
+def test_toctree_twice(app):
+    text = (".. toctree::\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   foo\n"
+            "   foo\n")
+
+    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, 'index')
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.compound, addnodes.toctree])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0],
+                entries=[(None, 'foo'), (None, 'foo')],
+                includefiles=['foo', 'foo'])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='directive-include')
+def test_include_include_read_event(app):
+    sources_reported = []
+
+    def source_read_handler(_app, relative_path, parent_docname, source):
+        sources_reported.append((relative_path, parent_docname, source[0]))
+
+    app.connect("include-read", source_read_handler)
+    text = """\
+.. include:: baz/baz.rst
+   :start-line: 4
+.. include:: text.txt
+   :literal:
+.. include:: bar.txt
+"""
+    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text, 'index')
+
+    included_files = {filename.as_posix()
+                      for filename, p, s in sources_reported}
+    assert 'index.rst' not in included_files  # sources don't emit 'include-read'
+    assert 'baz/baz.rst' in included_files
+    assert 'text.txt' not in included_files  # text was included as literal, no rst parsing
+    assert 'bar.txt' in included_files  # suffix not in source-suffixes
+    assert (Path('baz/baz.rst'), 'index', '\nBaz was here.') in sources_reported
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='directive-include')
+def test_include_include_read_event_nested_includes(app):
+
+    def source_read_handler(_app, _relative_path, _parent_docname, source):
+        text = source[0].replace("#magical", "amazing")
+        source[0] = text
+
+    app.connect("include-read", source_read_handler)
+    text = ".. include:: baz/baz.rst\n"
+    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, 'index')
+    assert_node(doctree, addnodes.document)
+    assert len(doctree.children) == 3
+    assert_node(doctree.children[1], nodes.paragraph)
+    assert doctree.children[1].rawsource == "The amazing foo."
diff --git a/tests/test_directives/test_directive_patch.py b/tests/test_directives/test_directive_patch.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4eb8f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_directives/test_directive_patch.py
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+"""Test the patched directives."""
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+
+
+def test_code_directive(app):
+    # normal case
+    text = ('.. code::\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   print("hello world")\n')
+
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.literal_block, 'print("hello world")'])
+    assert_node(doctree[0], language="default", highlight_args={})
+
+    # with language
+    text = ('.. code:: python\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   print("hello world")\n')
+
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.literal_block, 'print("hello world")'])
+    assert_node(doctree[0], language="python", highlight_args={})
+
+    # :number-lines: option
+    text = ('.. code:: python\n'
+            '   :number-lines:\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   print("hello world")\n')
+
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.literal_block, 'print("hello world")'])
+    assert_node(doctree[0], language="python", linenos=True, highlight_args={})
+
+    # :number-lines: option
+    text = ('.. code:: python\n'
+            '   :number-lines: 5\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   print("hello world")\n')
+
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.literal_block, 'print("hello world")'])
+    assert_node(doctree[0], language="python", linenos=True, highlight_args={'linenostart': 5})
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='directive-csv-table')
+def test_csv_table_directive(app):
+    # relative path from current document
+    text = ('.. csv-table::\n'
+            '   :file: example.csv\n')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, docname="subdir/index")
+    assert_node(doctree,
+                ([nodes.table, nodes.tgroup, (nodes.colspec,
+                                              nodes.colspec,
+                                              nodes.colspec,
+                                              [nodes.tbody, nodes.row])],))
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0][3][0],
+                ([nodes.entry, nodes.paragraph, "FOO"],
+                 [nodes.entry, nodes.paragraph, "BAR"],
+                 [nodes.entry, nodes.paragraph, "BAZ"]))
+
+    # absolute path from source directory
+    text = ('.. csv-table::\n'
+            '   :file: /example.csv\n')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, docname="subdir/index")
+    assert_node(doctree,
+                ([nodes.table, nodes.tgroup, (nodes.colspec,
+                                              nodes.colspec,
+                                              nodes.colspec,
+                                              [nodes.tbody, nodes.row])],))
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0][3][0],
+                ([nodes.entry, nodes.paragraph, "foo"],
+                 [nodes.entry, nodes.paragraph, "bar"],
+                 [nodes.entry, nodes.paragraph, "baz"]))
+
+
+def test_math_directive(app):
+    # normal case
+    text = '.. math:: E = mc^2'
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.math_block, 'E = mc^2\n\n'])
+
+    # :name: option
+    text = ('.. math:: E = mc^2\n'
+            '   :name: eq1\n')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, (nodes.target,
+                                           [nodes.math_block, "E = mc^2\n\n"])])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], nodes.math_block, docname='index', label="eq1", number=1)
+
+    # :label: option
+    text = ('.. math:: E = mc^2\n'
+            '   :label: eq2\n')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, (nodes.target,
+                                           [nodes.math_block, 'E = mc^2\n\n'])])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], nodes.math_block, docname='index', label="eq2", number=2)
+
+    # :label: option without value
+    text = ('.. math:: E = mc^2\n'
+            '   :label:\n')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, (nodes.target,
+                                           [nodes.math_block, 'E = mc^2\n\n'])])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], nodes.math_block, ids=['equation-index-0'],
+                docname='index', label="index:0", number=3)
diff --git a/tests/test_directives/test_directives_no_typesetting.py b/tests/test_directives/test_directives_no_typesetting.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd101fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_directives/test_directives_no_typesetting.py
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+"""Tests the directives"""
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+
+DOMAINS = [
+    # directive, no-index, no-index-entry, signature of f, signature of g, index entry of g
+    ('c:function', False, True, 'void f()', 'void g()', ('single', 'g (C function)', 'c.g', '', None)),
+    ('cpp:function', False, True, 'void f()', 'void g()', ('single', 'g (C++ function)', '_CPPv41gv', '', None)),
+    ('js:function', True, True, 'f()', 'g()', ('single', 'g() (built-in function)', 'g', '', None)),
+    ('py:function', True, True, 'f()', 'g()', ('pair', 'built-in function; g()', 'g', '', None)),
+    ('rst:directive', True, False, 'f', 'g', ('single', 'g (directive)', 'directive-g', '', None)),
+    ('cmdoption', True, False, 'f', 'g', ('pair', 'command line option; g', 'cmdoption-arg-g', '', None)),
+    ('envvar', True, False, 'f', 'g', ('single', 'environment variable; g', 'envvar-g', '', None)),
+]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('directive', 'no_index', 'no_index_entry', 'sig_f', 'sig_g', 'index_g'), DOMAINS)
+def test_object_description_no_typesetting(app, directive, no_index, no_index_entry, sig_f, sig_g, index_g):
+    text = (f'.. {directive}:: {sig_f}\n'
+            f'   :no-typesetting:\n')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index, nodes.target))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('directive', 'no_index', 'no_index_entry', 'sig_f', 'sig_g', 'index_g'), DOMAINS)
+def test_object_description_no_typesetting_twice(app, directive, no_index, no_index_entry, sig_f, sig_g, index_g):
+    text = (f'.. {directive}:: {sig_f}\n'
+            f'   :no-typesetting:\n'
+            f'.. {directive}:: {sig_g}\n'
+            f'   :no-typesetting:\n')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    # Note that all index nodes come before the target nodes
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index, addnodes.index, nodes.target, nodes.target))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('directive', 'no_index', 'no_index_entry', 'sig_f', 'sig_g', 'index_g'), DOMAINS)
+def test_object_description_no_typesetting_noindex_orig(app, directive, no_index, no_index_entry, sig_f, sig_g, index_g):
+    if not no_index:
+        pytest.skip(f'{directive} does not support :no-index: option')
+    text = (f'.. {directive}:: {sig_f}\n'
+            f'   :no-index:\n'
+            f'.. {directive}:: {sig_g}\n')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index, addnodes.desc, addnodes.index, addnodes.desc))
+    assert_node(doctree[2], addnodes.index, entries=[index_g])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('directive', 'no_index', 'no_index_entry', 'sig_f', 'sig_g', 'index_g'), DOMAINS)
+def test_object_description_no_typesetting_noindex(app, directive, no_index, no_index_entry, sig_f, sig_g, index_g):
+    if not no_index:
+        pytest.skip(f'{directive} does not support :no-index: option')
+    text = (f'.. {directive}:: {sig_f}\n'
+            f'   :no-index:\n'
+            f'   :no-typesetting:\n'
+            f'.. {directive}:: {sig_g}\n'
+            f'   :no-typesetting:\n')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index, addnodes.index, nodes.target))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index, entries=[])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.index, entries=[index_g])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('directive', 'no_index', 'no_index_entry', 'sig_f', 'sig_g', 'index_g'), DOMAINS)
+def test_object_description_no_typesetting_no_index_entry(app, directive, no_index, no_index_entry, sig_f, sig_g, index_g):
+    if not no_index_entry:
+        pytest.skip(f'{directive} does not support :no-index-entry: option')
+    text = (f'.. {directive}:: {sig_f}\n'
+            f'   :no-index-entry:\n'
+            f'   :no-typesetting:\n'
+            f'.. {directive}:: {sig_g}\n'
+            f'   :no-typesetting:\n')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index, addnodes.index, nodes.target, nodes.target))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index, entries=[])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.index, entries=[index_g])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('directive', 'no_index', 'no_index_entry', 'sig_f', 'sig_g', 'index_g'), DOMAINS)
+def test_object_description_no_typesetting_code(app, directive, no_index, no_index_entry, sig_f, sig_g, index_g):
+    text = (f'.. {directive}:: {sig_f}\n'
+            f'   :no-typesetting:\n'
+            f'.. {directive}:: {sig_g}\n'
+            f'   :no-typesetting:\n'
+            f'.. code::\n'
+            f'\n'
+            f'   code\n')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    # Note that all index nodes come before the targets
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index, addnodes.index, nodes.target, nodes.target, nodes.literal_block))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('directive', 'no_index', 'no_index_entry', 'sig_f', 'sig_g', 'index_g'), DOMAINS)
+def test_object_description_no_typesetting_heading(app, directive, no_index, no_index_entry, sig_f, sig_g, index_g):
+    text = (f'.. {directive}:: {sig_f}\n'
+            f'   :no-typesetting:\n'
+            f'.. {directive}:: {sig_g}\n'
+            f'   :no-typesetting:\n'
+            f'\n'
+            f'Heading\n'
+            f'=======\n')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    # Note that all index nodes come before the targets and the heading is floated before those.
+    assert_node(doctree, (nodes.title, addnodes.index, addnodes.index, nodes.target, nodes.target))
diff --git a/tests/test_directives_no_typesetting.py b/tests/test_directives_no_typesetting.py
deleted file mode 100644
index fd101fb..0000000
--- a/tests/test_directives_no_typesetting.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,108 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests the directives"""
-
-import pytest
-from docutils import nodes
-
-from sphinx import addnodes
-from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
-from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
-
-DOMAINS = [
-    # directive, no-index, no-index-entry, signature of f, signature of g, index entry of g
-    ('c:function', False, True, 'void f()', 'void g()', ('single', 'g (C function)', 'c.g', '', None)),
-    ('cpp:function', False, True, 'void f()', 'void g()', ('single', 'g (C++ function)', '_CPPv41gv', '', None)),
-    ('js:function', True, True, 'f()', 'g()', ('single', 'g() (built-in function)', 'g', '', None)),
-    ('py:function', True, True, 'f()', 'g()', ('pair', 'built-in function; g()', 'g', '', None)),
-    ('rst:directive', True, False, 'f', 'g', ('single', 'g (directive)', 'directive-g', '', None)),
-    ('cmdoption', True, False, 'f', 'g', ('pair', 'command line option; g', 'cmdoption-arg-g', '', None)),
-    ('envvar', True, False, 'f', 'g', ('single', 'environment variable; g', 'envvar-g', '', None)),
-]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(('directive', 'no_index', 'no_index_entry', 'sig_f', 'sig_g', 'index_g'), DOMAINS)
-def test_object_description_no_typesetting(app, directive, no_index, no_index_entry, sig_f, sig_g, index_g):
-    text = (f'.. {directive}:: {sig_f}\n'
-            f'   :no-typesetting:\n')
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index, nodes.target))
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(('directive', 'no_index', 'no_index_entry', 'sig_f', 'sig_g', 'index_g'), DOMAINS)
-def test_object_description_no_typesetting_twice(app, directive, no_index, no_index_entry, sig_f, sig_g, index_g):
-    text = (f'.. {directive}:: {sig_f}\n'
-            f'   :no-typesetting:\n'
-            f'.. {directive}:: {sig_g}\n'
-            f'   :no-typesetting:\n')
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    # Note that all index nodes come before the target nodes
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index, addnodes.index, nodes.target, nodes.target))
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(('directive', 'no_index', 'no_index_entry', 'sig_f', 'sig_g', 'index_g'), DOMAINS)
-def test_object_description_no_typesetting_noindex_orig(app, directive, no_index, no_index_entry, sig_f, sig_g, index_g):
-    if not no_index:
-        pytest.skip(f'{directive} does not support :no-index: option')
-    text = (f'.. {directive}:: {sig_f}\n'
-            f'   :no-index:\n'
-            f'.. {directive}:: {sig_g}\n')
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index, addnodes.desc, addnodes.index, addnodes.desc))
-    assert_node(doctree[2], addnodes.index, entries=[index_g])
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(('directive', 'no_index', 'no_index_entry', 'sig_f', 'sig_g', 'index_g'), DOMAINS)
-def test_object_description_no_typesetting_noindex(app, directive, no_index, no_index_entry, sig_f, sig_g, index_g):
-    if not no_index:
-        pytest.skip(f'{directive} does not support :no-index: option')
-    text = (f'.. {directive}:: {sig_f}\n'
-            f'   :no-index:\n'
-            f'   :no-typesetting:\n'
-            f'.. {directive}:: {sig_g}\n'
-            f'   :no-typesetting:\n')
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index, addnodes.index, nodes.target))
-    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index, entries=[])
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.index, entries=[index_g])
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(('directive', 'no_index', 'no_index_entry', 'sig_f', 'sig_g', 'index_g'), DOMAINS)
-def test_object_description_no_typesetting_no_index_entry(app, directive, no_index, no_index_entry, sig_f, sig_g, index_g):
-    if not no_index_entry:
-        pytest.skip(f'{directive} does not support :no-index-entry: option')
-    text = (f'.. {directive}:: {sig_f}\n'
-            f'   :no-index-entry:\n'
-            f'   :no-typesetting:\n'
-            f'.. {directive}:: {sig_g}\n'
-            f'   :no-typesetting:\n')
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index, addnodes.index, nodes.target, nodes.target))
-    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index, entries=[])
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.index, entries=[index_g])
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(('directive', 'no_index', 'no_index_entry', 'sig_f', 'sig_g', 'index_g'), DOMAINS)
-def test_object_description_no_typesetting_code(app, directive, no_index, no_index_entry, sig_f, sig_g, index_g):
-    text = (f'.. {directive}:: {sig_f}\n'
-            f'   :no-typesetting:\n'
-            f'.. {directive}:: {sig_g}\n'
-            f'   :no-typesetting:\n'
-            f'.. code::\n'
-            f'\n'
-            f'   code\n')
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    # Note that all index nodes come before the targets
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index, addnodes.index, nodes.target, nodes.target, nodes.literal_block))
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(('directive', 'no_index', 'no_index_entry', 'sig_f', 'sig_g', 'index_g'), DOMAINS)
-def test_object_description_no_typesetting_heading(app, directive, no_index, no_index_entry, sig_f, sig_g, index_g):
-    text = (f'.. {directive}:: {sig_f}\n'
-            f'   :no-typesetting:\n'
-            f'.. {directive}:: {sig_g}\n'
-            f'   :no-typesetting:\n'
-            f'\n'
-            f'Heading\n'
-            f'=======\n')
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    # Note that all index nodes come before the targets and the heading is floated before those.
-    assert_node(doctree, (nodes.title, addnodes.index, addnodes.index, nodes.target, nodes.target))
diff --git a/tests/test_docutilsconf.py b/tests/test_docutilsconf.py
deleted file mode 100644
index def6cb6..0000000
--- a/tests/test_docutilsconf.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-"""Test docutils.conf support for several writers."""
-
-import pytest
-from docutils import nodes
-
-from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
-from sphinx.util.docutils import patch_docutils
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='docutilsconf', freshenv=True)
-def test_html_with_default_docutilsconf(app, status, warning):
-    with patch_docutils(app.confdir):
-        app.build()
-
-    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('index')
-    assert_node(doctree[0][1], [nodes.paragraph, ("Sphinx ",
-                                                  [nodes.footnote_reference, "1"])])
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='docutilsconf', freshenv=True,
-                    docutilsconf=('[restructuredtext parser]\n'
-                                  'trim_footnote_reference_space: true\n'))
-def test_html_with_docutilsconf(app, status, warning):
-    with patch_docutils(app.confdir):
-        app.build()
-
-    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('index')
-    assert_node(doctree[0][1], [nodes.paragraph, ("Sphinx",
-                                                  [nodes.footnote_reference, "1"])])
diff --git a/tests/test_domain_c.py b/tests/test_domain_c.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 6582a0c..0000000
--- a/tests/test_domain_c.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1076 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests the C Domain"""
-
-import itertools
-import zlib
-from xml.etree import ElementTree
-
-import pytest
-
-from sphinx import addnodes
-from sphinx.addnodes import (
-    desc,
-    desc_content,
-    desc_name,
-    desc_parameter,
-    desc_parameterlist,
-    desc_sig_name,
-    desc_sig_space,
-    desc_signature,
-    desc_signature_line,
-    pending_xref,
-)
-from sphinx.domains.c import (
-    DefinitionError,
-    DefinitionParser,
-    Symbol,
-    _id_prefix,
-    _macroKeywords,
-    _max_id,
-)
-from sphinx.ext.intersphinx import load_mappings, normalize_intersphinx_mapping
-from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
-from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
-from sphinx.writers.text import STDINDENT
-
-
-class Config:
-    c_id_attributes = ["id_attr", 'LIGHTGBM_C_EXPORT']
-    c_paren_attributes = ["paren_attr"]
-    c_extra_keywords = _macroKeywords
-
-
-def parse(name, string):
-    parser = DefinitionParser(string, location=None, config=Config())
-    parser.allowFallbackExpressionParsing = False
-    ast = parser.parse_declaration(name, name)
-    parser.assert_end()
-    return ast
-
-
-def _check(name, input, idDict, output, key, asTextOutput):
-    if key is None:
-        key = name
-    key += ' '
-    if name in ('function', 'member'):
-        inputActual = input
-        outputAst = output
-        outputAsText = output
-    else:
-        inputActual = input.format(key='')
-        outputAst = output.format(key='')
-        outputAsText = output.format(key=key)
-    if asTextOutput is not None:
-        outputAsText = asTextOutput
-
-    # first a simple check of the AST
-    ast = parse(name, inputActual)
-    res = str(ast)
-    if res != outputAst:
-        print("")
-        print("Input:    ", input)
-        print("Result:   ", res)
-        print("Expected: ", outputAst)
-        raise DefinitionError
-    rootSymbol = Symbol(None, None, None, None, None)
-    symbol = rootSymbol.add_declaration(ast, docname="TestDoc", line=42)
-    parentNode = addnodes.desc()
-    signode = addnodes.desc_signature(input, '')
-    parentNode += signode
-    ast.describe_signature(signode, 'lastIsName', symbol, options={})
-    resAsText = parentNode.astext()
-    if resAsText != outputAsText:
-        print("")
-        print("Input:    ", input)
-        print("astext(): ", resAsText)
-        print("Expected: ", outputAsText)
-        raise DefinitionError
-
-    idExpected = [None]
-    for i in range(1, _max_id + 1):
-        if i in idDict:
-            idExpected.append(idDict[i])
-        else:
-            idExpected.append(idExpected[i - 1])
-    idActual = [None]
-    for i in range(1, _max_id + 1):
-        # try:
-        id = ast.get_id(version=i)
-        assert id is not None
-        idActual.append(id[len(_id_prefix[i]):])
-        # except NoOldIdError:
-        #     idActual.append(None)
-
-    res = [True]
-    for i in range(1, _max_id + 1):
-        res.append(idExpected[i] == idActual[i])
-
-    if not all(res):
-        print("input:    %s" % input.rjust(20))
-        for i in range(1, _max_id + 1):
-            if res[i]:
-                continue
-            print("Error in id version %d." % i)
-            print("result:   %s" % idActual[i])
-            print("expected: %s" % idExpected[i])
-        # print(rootSymbol.dump(0))
-        raise DefinitionError
-
-
-def check(name, input, idDict, output=None, key=None, asTextOutput=None):
-    if output is None:
-        output = input
-    # First, check without semicolon
-    _check(name, input, idDict, output, key, asTextOutput)
-    if name != 'macro':
-        # Second, check with semicolon
-        _check(name, input + ' ;', idDict, output + ';', key,
-               asTextOutput + ';' if asTextOutput is not None else None)
-
-
-def test_domain_c_ast_expressions():
-    def exprCheck(expr, output=None):
-        parser = DefinitionParser(expr, location=None, config=Config())
-        parser.allowFallbackExpressionParsing = False
-        ast = parser.parse_expression()
-        parser.assert_end()
-        # first a simple check of the AST
-        if output is None:
-            output = expr
-        res = str(ast)
-        if res != output:
-            print("")
-            print("Input:    ", input)
-            print("Result:   ", res)
-            print("Expected: ", output)
-            raise DefinitionError
-        displayString = ast.get_display_string()
-        if res != displayString:
-            # note: if the expression contains an anon name then this will trigger a falsely
-            print("")
-            print("Input:    ", expr)
-            print("Result:   ", res)
-            print("Display:  ", displayString)
-            raise DefinitionError
-
-    # type expressions
-    exprCheck('int*')
-    exprCheck('int *const*')
-    exprCheck('int *volatile*')
-    exprCheck('int *restrict*')
-    exprCheck('int *(*)(double)')
-    exprCheck('const int*')
-    exprCheck('__int64')
-    exprCheck('unsigned __int64')
-
-    # actual expressions
-
-    # primary
-    exprCheck('true')
-    exprCheck('false')
-    ints = ['5', '0', '075', '0x0123456789ABCDEF', '0XF', '0b1', '0B1',
-            "0b0'1'0", "00'1'2", "0x0'1'2", "1'2'3"]
-    unsignedSuffix = ['', 'u', 'U']
-    longSuffix = ['', 'l', 'L', 'll', 'LL']
-    for i in ints:
-        for u in unsignedSuffix:
-            for l in longSuffix:
-                expr = i + u + l
-                exprCheck(expr)
-                expr = i + l + u
-                exprCheck(expr)
-    for suffix in ['', 'f', 'F', 'l', 'L']:
-        for e in [
-                '5e42', '5e+42', '5e-42',
-                '5.', '5.e42', '5.e+42', '5.e-42',
-                '.5', '.5e42', '.5e+42', '.5e-42',
-                '5.0', '5.0e42', '5.0e+42', '5.0e-42',
-                "1'2'3e7'8'9", "1'2'3.e7'8'9",
-                ".4'5'6e7'8'9", "1'2'3.4'5'6e7'8'9"]:
-            expr = e + suffix
-            exprCheck(expr)
-        for e in [
-                'ApF', 'Ap+F', 'Ap-F',
-                'A.', 'A.pF', 'A.p+F', 'A.p-F',
-                '.A', '.ApF', '.Ap+F', '.Ap-F',
-                'A.B', 'A.BpF', 'A.Bp+F', 'A.Bp-F',
-                "A'B'Cp1'2'3", "A'B'C.p1'2'3",
-                ".D'E'Fp1'2'3", "A'B'C.D'E'Fp1'2'3"]:
-            expr = "0x" + e + suffix
-            exprCheck(expr)
-    exprCheck('"abc\\"cba"')  # string
-    # character literals
-    for p in ['', 'u8', 'u', 'U', 'L']:
-        exprCheck(p + "'a'")
-        exprCheck(p + "'\\n'")
-        exprCheck(p + "'\\012'")
-        exprCheck(p + "'\\0'")
-        exprCheck(p + "'\\x0a'")
-        exprCheck(p + "'\\x0A'")
-        exprCheck(p + "'\\u0a42'")
-        exprCheck(p + "'\\u0A42'")
-        exprCheck(p + "'\\U0001f34c'")
-        exprCheck(p + "'\\U0001F34C'")
-
-    exprCheck('(5)')
-    exprCheck('C')
-    # postfix
-    exprCheck('A(2)')
-    exprCheck('A[2]')
-    exprCheck('a.b.c')
-    exprCheck('a->b->c')
-    exprCheck('i++')
-    exprCheck('i--')
-    # unary
-    exprCheck('++5')
-    exprCheck('--5')
-    exprCheck('*5')
-    exprCheck('&5')
-    exprCheck('+5')
-    exprCheck('-5')
-    exprCheck('!5')
-    exprCheck('not 5')
-    exprCheck('~5')
-    exprCheck('compl 5')
-    exprCheck('sizeof(T)')
-    exprCheck('sizeof -42')
-    exprCheck('alignof(T)')
-    # cast
-    exprCheck('(int)2')
-    # binary op
-    exprCheck('5 || 42')
-    exprCheck('5 or 42')
-    exprCheck('5 && 42')
-    exprCheck('5 and 42')
-    exprCheck('5 | 42')
-    exprCheck('5 bitor 42')
-    exprCheck('5 ^ 42')
-    exprCheck('5 xor 42')
-    exprCheck('5 & 42')
-    exprCheck('5 bitand 42')
-    # ['==', '!=']
-    exprCheck('5 == 42')
-    exprCheck('5 != 42')
-    exprCheck('5 not_eq 42')
-    # ['<=', '>=', '<', '>']
-    exprCheck('5 <= 42')
-    exprCheck('5 >= 42')
-    exprCheck('5 < 42')
-    exprCheck('5 > 42')
-    # ['<<', '>>']
-    exprCheck('5 << 42')
-    exprCheck('5 >> 42')
-    # ['+', '-']
-    exprCheck('5 + 42')
-    exprCheck('5 - 42')
-    # ['*', '/', '%']
-    exprCheck('5 * 42')
-    exprCheck('5 / 42')
-    exprCheck('5 % 42')
-    # ['.*', '->*']
-    # conditional
-    # TODO
-    # assignment
-    exprCheck('a = 5')
-    exprCheck('a *= 5')
-    exprCheck('a /= 5')
-    exprCheck('a %= 5')
-    exprCheck('a += 5')
-    exprCheck('a -= 5')
-    exprCheck('a >>= 5')
-    exprCheck('a <<= 5')
-    exprCheck('a &= 5')
-    exprCheck('a and_eq 5')
-    exprCheck('a ^= 5')
-    exprCheck('a xor_eq 5')
-    exprCheck('a |= 5')
-    exprCheck('a or_eq 5')
-
-
-def test_domain_c_ast_fundamental_types():
-    def types():
-        def signed(t):
-            yield t
-            yield 'signed  ' + t
-            yield 'unsigned  ' + t
-
-        # integer types
-        # -------------
-        yield 'void'
-        yield from ('_Bool', 'bool')
-        yield from signed('char')
-        yield from signed('short')
-        yield from signed('short int')
-        yield from signed('int')
-        yield from ('signed', 'unsigned')
-        yield from signed('long')
-        yield from signed('long int')
-        yield from signed('long long')
-        yield from signed('long long int')
-        yield from ('__int128', '__uint128')
-        # extensions
-        for t in ('__int8', '__int16', '__int32', '__int64', '__int128'):
-            yield from signed(t)
-
-        # floating point types
-        # --------------------
-        yield from ('_Decimal32', '_Decimal64', '_Decimal128')
-        for f in ('float', 'double', 'long double'):
-            yield f
-            yield from (f + "  _Complex", f + "  complex")
-            yield from ("_Complex  " + f, "complex  " + f)
-            yield from ("_Imaginary  " + f, "imaginary  " + f)
-        # extensions
-        # https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Floating-Types.html#Floating-Types
-        yield from ('__float80', '_Float64x',
-                    '__float128', '_Float128',
-                    '__ibm128')
-        # https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Half-Precision.html#Half-Precision
-        yield '__fp16'
-
-        # fixed-point types (extension)
-        # -----------------------------
-        # https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Fixed-Point.html#Fixed-Point
-        for sat in ('', '_Sat  '):
-            for t in ('_Fract', 'fract', '_Accum', 'accum'):
-                for size in ('short  ', '', 'long  ', 'long long  '):
-                    for tt in signed(size + t):
-                        yield sat + tt
-
-    for t in types():
-        input = "{key}%s foo" % t
-        output = ' '.join(input.split())
-        check('type', input, {1: 'foo'}, key='typedef', output=output)
-        if ' ' in t:
-            # try permutations of all components
-            tcs = t.split()
-            for p in itertools.permutations(tcs):
-                input = "{key}%s foo" % ' '.join(p)
-                output = ' '.join(input.split())
-                check("type", input, {1: 'foo'}, key='typedef', output=output)
-
-
-def test_domain_c_ast_type_definitions():
-    check('type', "{key}T", {1: "T"})
-
-    check('type', "{key}bool *b", {1: 'b'}, key='typedef')
-    check('type', "{key}bool *const b", {1: 'b'}, key='typedef')
-    check('type', "{key}bool *const *b", {1: 'b'}, key='typedef')
-    check('type', "{key}bool *volatile *b", {1: 'b'}, key='typedef')
-    check('type', "{key}bool *restrict *b", {1: 'b'}, key='typedef')
-    check('type', "{key}bool *volatile const b", {1: 'b'}, key='typedef')
-    check('type', "{key}bool *volatile const b", {1: 'b'}, key='typedef')
-    check('type', "{key}bool *volatile const *b", {1: 'b'}, key='typedef')
-    check('type', "{key}bool b[]", {1: 'b'}, key='typedef')
-    check('type', "{key}long long int foo", {1: 'foo'}, key='typedef')
-    # test decl specs on right
-    check('type', "{key}bool const b", {1: 'b'}, key='typedef')
-
-    # from breathe#267 (named function parameters for function pointers
-    check('type', '{key}void (*gpio_callback_t)(struct device *port, uint32_t pin)',
-          {1: 'gpio_callback_t'}, key='typedef')
-
-
-def test_domain_c_ast_macro_definitions():
-    check('macro', 'M', {1: 'M'})
-    check('macro', 'M()', {1: 'M'})
-    check('macro', 'M(arg)', {1: 'M'})
-    check('macro', 'M(arg1, arg2)', {1: 'M'})
-    check('macro', 'M(arg1, arg2, arg3)', {1: 'M'})
-    check('macro', 'M(...)', {1: 'M'})
-    check('macro', 'M(arg, ...)', {1: 'M'})
-    check('macro', 'M(arg1, arg2, ...)', {1: 'M'})
-    check('macro', 'M(arg1, arg2, arg3, ...)', {1: 'M'})
-    # GNU extension
-    check('macro', 'M(arg1, arg2, arg3...)', {1: 'M'})
-    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
-        check('macro', 'M(arg1, arg2..., arg3)', {1: 'M'})
-
-
-def test_domain_c_ast_member_definitions():
-    check('member', 'void a', {1: 'a'})
-    check('member', '_Bool a', {1: 'a'})
-    check('member', 'bool a', {1: 'a'})
-    check('member', 'char a', {1: 'a'})
-    check('member', 'int a', {1: 'a'})
-    check('member', 'float a', {1: 'a'})
-    check('member', 'double a', {1: 'a'})
-
-    check('member', 'unsigned long a', {1: 'a'})
-    check('member', '__int64 a', {1: 'a'})
-    check('member', 'unsigned __int64 a', {1: 'a'})
-
-    check('member', 'int .a', {1: 'a'})
-
-    check('member', 'int *a', {1: 'a'})
-    check('member', 'int **a', {1: 'a'})
-    check('member', 'const int a', {1: 'a'})
-    check('member', 'volatile int a', {1: 'a'})
-    check('member', 'restrict int a', {1: 'a'})
-    check('member', 'volatile const int a', {1: 'a'})
-    check('member', 'restrict const int a', {1: 'a'})
-    check('member', 'restrict volatile int a', {1: 'a'})
-    check('member', 'restrict volatile const int a', {1: 'a'})
-
-    check('member', 'T t', {1: 't'})
-
-    check('member', 'int a[]', {1: 'a'})
-
-    check('member', 'int (*p)[]', {1: 'p'})
-
-    check('member', 'int a[42]', {1: 'a'})
-    check('member', 'int a = 42', {1: 'a'})
-    check('member', 'T a = {}', {1: 'a'})
-    check('member', 'T a = {1}', {1: 'a'})
-    check('member', 'T a = {1, 2}', {1: 'a'})
-    check('member', 'T a = {1, 2, 3}', {1: 'a'})
-
-    # test from issue #1539
-    check('member', 'CK_UTF8CHAR model[16]', {1: 'model'})
-
-    check('member', 'auto int a', {1: 'a'})
-    check('member', 'register int a', {1: 'a'})
-    check('member', 'extern int a', {1: 'a'})
-    check('member', 'static int a', {1: 'a'})
-
-    check('member', 'thread_local int a', {1: 'a'})
-    check('member', '_Thread_local int a', {1: 'a'})
-    check('member', 'extern thread_local int a', {1: 'a'})
-    check('member', 'thread_local extern int a', {1: 'a'},
-          'extern thread_local int a')
-    check('member', 'static thread_local int a', {1: 'a'})
-    check('member', 'thread_local static int a', {1: 'a'},
-          'static thread_local int a')
-
-    check('member', 'int b : 3', {1: 'b'})
-
-
-def test_domain_c_ast_function_definitions():
-    check('function', 'void f()', {1: 'f'})
-    check('function', 'void f(int)', {1: 'f'})
-    check('function', 'void f(int i)', {1: 'f'})
-    check('function', 'void f(int i, int j)', {1: 'f'})
-    check('function', 'void f(...)', {1: 'f'})
-    check('function', 'void f(int i, ...)', {1: 'f'})
-    check('function', 'void f(struct T)', {1: 'f'})
-    check('function', 'void f(struct T t)', {1: 'f'})
-    check('function', 'void f(union T)', {1: 'f'})
-    check('function', 'void f(union T t)', {1: 'f'})
-    check('function', 'void f(enum T)', {1: 'f'})
-    check('function', 'void f(enum T t)', {1: 'f'})
-
-    # test from issue #1539
-    check('function', 'void f(A x[])', {1: 'f'})
-
-    # test from issue #2377
-    check('function', 'void (*signal(int sig, void (*func)(int)))(int)', {1: 'signal'})
-
-    check('function', 'extern void f()', {1: 'f'})
-    check('function', 'static void f()', {1: 'f'})
-    check('function', 'inline void f()', {1: 'f'})
-
-    # tests derived from issue #1753 (skip to keep sanity)
-    check('function', "void f(float *q(double))", {1: 'f'})
-    check('function', "void f(float *(*q)(double))", {1: 'f'})
-    check('function', "void f(float (*q)(double))", {1: 'f'})
-    check('function', "int (*f(double d))(float)", {1: 'f'})
-    check('function', "int (*f(bool b))[5]", {1: 'f'})
-    check('function', "void f(int *const p)", {1: 'f'})
-    check('function', "void f(int *volatile const p)", {1: 'f'})
-
-    # from breathe#223
-    check('function', 'void f(struct E e)', {1: 'f'})
-    check('function', 'void f(enum E e)', {1: 'f'})
-    check('function', 'void f(union E e)', {1: 'f'})
-
-    # array declarators
-    check('function', 'void f(int arr[])', {1: 'f'})
-    check('function', 'void f(int arr[*])', {1: 'f'})
-    cvrs = ['', 'const', 'volatile', 'restrict', 'restrict volatile const']
-    for cvr in cvrs:
-        space = ' ' if len(cvr) != 0 else ''
-        check('function', f'void f(int arr[{cvr}*])', {1: 'f'})
-        check('function', f'void f(int arr[{cvr}])', {1: 'f'})
-        check('function', f'void f(int arr[{cvr}{space}42])', {1: 'f'})
-        check('function', f'void f(int arr[static{space}{cvr} 42])', {1: 'f'})
-        check('function', f'void f(int arr[{cvr}{space}static 42])', {1: 'f'},
-              output=f'void f(int arr[static{space}{cvr} 42])')
-    check('function', 'void f(int arr[const static volatile 42])', {1: 'f'},
-          output='void f(int arr[static volatile const 42])')
-
-    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
-        parse('function', 'void f(int for)')
-
-    # from #8960
-    check('function', 'void f(void (*p)(int, double), int i)', {1: 'f'})
-
-
-def test_domain_c_ast_nested_name():
-    check('struct', '{key}.A', {1: "A"})
-    check('struct', '{key}.A.B', {1: "A.B"})
-    check('function', 'void f(.A a)', {1: "f"})
-    check('function', 'void f(.A.B a)', {1: "f"})
-
-
-def test_domain_c_ast_struct_definitions():
-    check('struct', '{key}A', {1: 'A'})
-
-
-def test_domain_c_ast_union_definitions():
-    check('union', '{key}A', {1: 'A'})
-
-
-def test_domain_c_ast_enum_definitions():
-    check('enum', '{key}A', {1: 'A'})
-
-    check('enumerator', '{key}A', {1: 'A'})
-    check('enumerator', '{key}A = 42', {1: 'A'})
-
-
-def test_domain_c_ast_anon_definitions():
-    check('struct', '@a', {1: "@a"}, asTextOutput='struct [anonymous]')
-    check('union', '@a', {1: "@a"}, asTextOutput='union [anonymous]')
-    check('enum', '@a', {1: "@a"}, asTextOutput='enum [anonymous]')
-    check('struct', '@1', {1: "@1"}, asTextOutput='struct [anonymous]')
-    check('struct', '@a.A', {1: "@a.A"}, asTextOutput='struct [anonymous].A')
-
-
-def test_domain_c_ast_initializers():
-    idsMember = {1: 'v'}
-    idsFunction = {1: 'f'}
-    # no init
-    check('member', 'T v', idsMember)
-    check('function', 'void f(T v)', idsFunction)
-    # with '=', assignment-expression
-    check('member', 'T v = 42', idsMember)
-    check('function', 'void f(T v = 42)', idsFunction)
-    # with '=', braced-init
-    check('member', 'T v = {}', idsMember)
-    check('function', 'void f(T v = {})', idsFunction)
-    check('member', 'T v = {42, 42, 42}', idsMember)
-    check('function', 'void f(T v = {42, 42, 42})', idsFunction)
-    check('member', 'T v = {42, 42, 42,}', idsMember)
-    check('function', 'void f(T v = {42, 42, 42,})', idsFunction)
-    # TODO: designator-list
-
-
-def test_domain_c_ast_attributes():
-    # style: C++
-    check('member', '[[]] int f', {1: 'f'})
-    check('member', '[ [ ] ] int f', {1: 'f'},
-          # this will fail when the proper grammar is implemented
-          output='[[ ]] int f')
-    check('member', '[[a]] int f', {1: 'f'})
-    # style: GNU
-    check('member', '__attribute__(()) int f', {1: 'f'})
-    check('member', '__attribute__((a)) int f', {1: 'f'})
-    check('member', '__attribute__((a, b)) int f', {1: 'f'})
-    check('member', '__attribute__((optimize(3))) int f', {1: 'f'})
-    check('member', '__attribute__((format(printf, 1, 2))) int f', {1: 'f'})
-    # style: user-defined id
-    check('member', 'id_attr int f', {1: 'f'})
-    # style: user-defined paren
-    check('member', 'paren_attr() int f', {1: 'f'})
-    check('member', 'paren_attr(a) int f', {1: 'f'})
-    check('member', 'paren_attr("") int f', {1: 'f'})
-    check('member', 'paren_attr(()[{}][]{}) int f', {1: 'f'})
-    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
-        parse('member', 'paren_attr(() int f')
-    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
-        parse('member', 'paren_attr([) int f')
-    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
-        parse('member', 'paren_attr({) int f')
-    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
-        parse('member', 'paren_attr([)]) int f')
-    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
-        parse('member', 'paren_attr((])) int f')
-    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
-        parse('member', 'paren_attr({]}) int f')
-
-    # position: decl specs
-    check('function', 'static inline __attribute__(()) void f()', {1: 'f'},
-          output='__attribute__(()) static inline void f()')
-    check('function', '[[attr1]] [[attr2]] void f()', {1: 'f'})
-    # position: declarator
-    check('member', 'int *[[attr1]] [[attr2]] i', {1: 'i'})
-    check('member', 'int *const [[attr1]] [[attr2]] volatile i', {1: 'i'},
-          output='int *[[attr1]] [[attr2]] volatile const i')
-    check('member', 'int *[[attr1]] [[attr2]] *i', {1: 'i'})
-    # position: parameters
-    check('function', 'void f() [[attr1]] [[attr2]]', {1: 'f'})
-
-    # position: enumerator
-    check('enumerator', '{key}Foo [[attr1]] [[attr2]]', {1: 'Foo'})
-    check('enumerator', '{key}Foo [[attr1]] [[attr2]] = 42', {1: 'Foo'})
-
-    # issue michaeljones/breathe#500
-    check('function', 'LIGHTGBM_C_EXPORT int LGBM_BoosterFree(int handle)',
-          {1: 'LGBM_BoosterFree'})
-
-
-def test_extra_keywords():
-    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError,
-                       match='Expected identifier in nested name'):
-        parse('function', 'void complex(void)')
-
-
-# def test_print():
-#     # used for getting all the ids out for checking
-#     for a in ids:
-#         print(a)
-#     raise DefinitionError
-
-
-def split_warnigns(warning):
-    ws = warning.getvalue().split("\n")
-    assert len(ws) >= 1
-    assert ws[-1] == ""
-    return ws[:-1]
-
-
-def filter_warnings(warning, file):
-    lines = split_warnigns(warning)
-    res = [l for l in lines if "domain-c" in l and f"{file}.rst" in l and
-           "WARNING: document isn't included in any toctree" not in l]
-    print(f"Filtered warnings for file '{file}':")
-    for w in res:
-        print(w)
-    return res
-
-
-def extract_role_links(app, filename):
-    t = (app.outdir / filename).read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    lis = [l for l in t.split('\n') if l.startswith("<li")]
-    entries = []
-    for l in lis:
-        li = ElementTree.fromstring(l)  # NoQA: S314  # using known data in tests
-        aList = list(li.iter('a'))
-        assert len(aList) == 1
-        a = aList[0]
-        target = a.attrib['href'].lstrip('#')
-        title = a.attrib['title']
-        assert len(a) == 1
-        code = a[0]
-        assert code.tag == 'code'
-        text = ''.join(code.itertext())
-        entries.append((target, title, text))
-    return entries
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-c', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
-def test_domain_c_build(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "index")
-    assert len(ws) == 0
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-c', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
-def test_domain_c_build_namespace(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "namespace")
-    assert len(ws) == 0
-    t = (app.outdir / "namespace.html").read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    for id_ in ('NS.NSVar', 'NULLVar', 'ZeroVar', 'NS2.NS3.NS2NS3Var', 'PopVar'):
-        assert f'id="c.{id_}"' in t
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-c', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
-def test_domain_c_build_anon_dup_decl(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "anon-dup-decl")
-    assert len(ws) == 2
-    assert "WARNING: c:identifier reference target not found: @a" in ws[0]
-    assert "WARNING: c:identifier reference target not found: @b" in ws[1]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
-def test_domain_c_build_semicolon(app, warning):
-    text = """
-.. c:member:: int member;
-.. c:var:: int var;
-.. c:function:: void f();
-.. .. c:macro:: NO_SEMICOLON;
-.. c:struct:: Struct;
-.. c:union:: Union;
-.. c:enum:: Enum;
-.. c:enumerator:: Enumerator;
-.. c:type:: Type;
-.. c:type:: int TypeDef;
-"""
-    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    ws = split_warnigns(warning)
-    assert len(ws) == 0
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-c', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
-def test_domain_c_build_function_param_target(app, warning):
-    # the anchor for function parameters should be the function
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "function_param_target")
-    assert len(ws) == 0
-    entries = extract_role_links(app, "function_param_target.html")
-    assert entries == [
-        ('c.function_param_target.f', 'i', 'i'),
-        ('c.function_param_target.f', 'f.i', 'f.i'),
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-c', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
-def test_domain_c_build_ns_lookup(app, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "ns_lookup")
-    assert len(ws) == 0
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-c', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
-def test_domain_c_build_field_role(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "field-role")
-    assert len(ws) == 0
-
-
-def _get_obj(app, queryName):
-    domain = app.env.get_domain('c')
-    for name, _dispname, objectType, docname, anchor, _prio in domain.get_objects():
-        if name == queryName:
-            return (docname, anchor, objectType)
-    return (queryName, "not", "found")
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-c-intersphinx', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
-def test_domain_c_build_intersphinx(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
-    # a splitting of test_ids_vs_tags0 into the primary directives in a remote project,
-    # and then the references in the test project
-    origSource = """\
-.. c:member:: int _member
-.. c:var:: int _var
-.. c:function:: void _function()
-.. c:macro:: _macro
-.. c:struct:: _struct
-.. c:union:: _union
-.. c:enum:: _enum
-
-    .. c:enumerator:: _enumerator
-
-.. c:type:: _type
-.. c:function:: void _functionParam(int param)
-"""  # noqa: F841
-    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
-    inv_file.write_bytes(b'''\
-# Sphinx inventory version 2
-# Project: C Intersphinx Test
-# Version: 
-# The remainder of this file is compressed using zlib.
-''' + zlib.compress(b'''\
-_enum c:enum 1 index.html#c.$ -
-_enum._enumerator c:enumerator 1 index.html#c.$ -
-_enumerator c:enumerator 1 index.html#c._enum.$ -
-_function c:function 1 index.html#c.$ -
-_functionParam c:function 1 index.html#c.$ -
-_functionParam.param c:functionParam 1 index.html#c._functionParam -
-_macro c:macro 1 index.html#c.$ -
-_member c:member 1 index.html#c.$ -
-_struct c:struct 1 index.html#c.$ -
-_type c:type 1 index.html#c.$ -
-_union c:union 1 index.html#c.$ -
-_var c:member 1 index.html#c.$ -
-'''))  # noqa: W291
-    app.config.intersphinx_mapping = {
-        'https://localhost/intersphinx/c/': str(inv_file),
-    }
-    app.config.intersphinx_cache_limit = 0
-    # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
-    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
-    load_mappings(app)
-
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "index")
-    assert len(ws) == 0
-
-
-def test_domain_c_parse_cfunction(app):
-    text = (".. c:function:: PyObject* "
-            "PyType_GenericAlloc(PyTypeObject *type, Py_ssize_t nitems)")
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
-                domain="c", objtype="function", no_index=False)
-
-    entry = _get_obj(app, 'PyType_GenericAlloc')
-    assert entry == ('index', 'c.PyType_GenericAlloc', 'function')
-
-
-def test_domain_c_parse_cmember(app):
-    text = ".. c:member:: PyObject* PyTypeObject.tp_bases"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="member",
-                domain="c", objtype="member", no_index=False)
-
-    entry = _get_obj(app, 'PyTypeObject.tp_bases')
-    assert entry == ('index', 'c.PyTypeObject.tp_bases', 'member')
-
-
-def test_domain_c_parse_cvar(app):
-    text = ".. c:var:: PyObject* PyClass_Type"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="var",
-                domain="c", objtype="var", no_index=False)
-
-    entry = _get_obj(app, 'PyClass_Type')
-    assert entry == ('index', 'c.PyClass_Type', 'member')
-
-
-def test_domain_c_parse_no_index_entry(app):
-    text = (".. c:function:: void f()\n"
-            ".. c:function:: void g()\n"
-            "   :no-index-entry:\n")
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index, desc, addnodes.index, desc))
-    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'f (C function)', 'c.f', '', None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[2], addnodes.index, entries=[])
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
-    'c_maximum_signature_line_length': len("str hello(str name)"),
-})
-def test_cfunction_signature_with_c_maximum_signature_line_length_equal(app):
-    text = ".. c:function:: str hello(str name)"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        addnodes.index,
-        [desc, (
-            [desc_signature, (
-                [desc_signature_line, (
-                    pending_xref,
-                    desc_sig_space,
-                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, "hello"]],
-                    desc_parameterlist,
-                )],
-            )],
-            desc_content,
-        )],
-    ))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
-                domain="c", objtype="function", no_index=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
-        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, "str"]],
-        desc_sig_space,
-        [desc_sig_name, "name"],
-    )])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
-    'c_maximum_signature_line_length': len("str hello(str name)"),
-})
-def test_cfunction_signature_with_c_maximum_signature_line_length_force_single(app):
-    text = (".. c:function:: str hello(str names)\n"
-            "   :single-line-parameter-list:")
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        addnodes.index,
-        [desc, (
-            [desc_signature, (
-                [desc_signature_line, (
-                    pending_xref,
-                    desc_sig_space,
-                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, "hello"]],
-                    desc_parameterlist,
-                )],
-            )],
-            desc_content,
-        )],
-    ))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
-                domain="c", objtype="function", no_index=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
-        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, "str"]],
-        desc_sig_space,
-        [desc_sig_name, "names"],
-    )])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
-    'c_maximum_signature_line_length': len("str hello(str name)"),
-})
-def test_cfunction_signature_with_c_maximum_signature_line_length_break(app):
-    text = ".. c:function:: str hello(str names)"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        addnodes.index,
-        [desc, (
-            [desc_signature, (
-                [desc_signature_line, (
-                    pending_xref,
-                    desc_sig_space,
-                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, "hello"]],
-                    desc_parameterlist,
-                )],
-            )],
-            desc_content,
-        )],
-    ))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
-                domain="c", objtype="function", no_index=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
-        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, "str"]],
-        desc_sig_space,
-        [desc_sig_name, "names"],
-    )])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=True)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
-    'maximum_signature_line_length': len("str hello(str name)"),
-})
-def test_cfunction_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_equal(app):
-    text = ".. c:function:: str hello(str name)"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        addnodes.index,
-        [desc, (
-            [desc_signature, (
-                [desc_signature_line, (
-                    pending_xref,
-                    desc_sig_space,
-                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, "hello"]],
-                    desc_parameterlist,
-                )],
-            )],
-            desc_content,
-        )],
-    ))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
-                domain="c", objtype="function", no_index=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
-        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, "str"]],
-        desc_sig_space,
-        [desc_sig_name, "name"],
-    )])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
-    'maximum_signature_line_length': len("str hello(str name)"),
-})
-def test_cfunction_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_force_single(app):
-    text = (".. c:function:: str hello(str names)\n"
-            "   :single-line-parameter-list:")
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        addnodes.index,
-        [desc, (
-            [desc_signature, (
-                [desc_signature_line, (
-                    pending_xref,
-                    desc_sig_space,
-                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, "hello"]],
-                    desc_parameterlist,
-                )],
-            )],
-            desc_content,
-        )],
-    ))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
-                domain="c", objtype="function", no_index=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
-        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, "str"]],
-        desc_sig_space,
-        [desc_sig_name, "names"],
-    )])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
-    'maximum_signature_line_length': len("str hello(str name)"),
-})
-def test_cfunction_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_break(app):
-    text = ".. c:function:: str hello(str names)"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        addnodes.index,
-        [desc, (
-            [desc_signature, (
-                [desc_signature_line, (
-                    pending_xref,
-                    desc_sig_space,
-                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, "hello"]],
-                    desc_parameterlist,
-                )],
-            )],
-            desc_content,
-        )],
-    ))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
-                domain="c", objtype="function", no_index=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
-        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, "str"]],
-        desc_sig_space,
-        [desc_sig_name, "names"],
-    )])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=True)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
-    'c_maximum_signature_line_length': len('str hello(str name)'),
-    'maximum_signature_line_length': 1,
-})
-def test_c_maximum_signature_line_length_overrides_global(app):
-    text = '.. c:function:: str hello(str name)'
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        addnodes.index,
-        [desc, (
-            [desc_signature, (
-                [desc_signature_line, (
-                    pending_xref,
-                    desc_sig_space,
-                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, 'hello']],
-                    desc_parameterlist,
-                )]
-            )],
-            desc_content,
-        )],
-    ))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype='function',
-                domain='c', objtype='function', no_index=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
-        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, "str"]],
-        desc_sig_space,
-        [desc_sig_name, 'name'],
-    )])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='domain-c-c_maximum_signature_line_length')
-def test_domain_c_c_maximum_signature_line_length_in_html(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf-8')
-    expected = """\
-
-<dl>
-<dd>\
-<span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span>\
-<span class="w"> </span>\
-<span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span>,\
-</dd>
-</dl>
-
-<span class="sig-paren">)</span>\
-<a class="headerlink" href="#c.hello" title="Link to this definition">¶</a>\
-<br />\
-</dt>
-"""
-    assert expected in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'text', testroot='domain-c-c_maximum_signature_line_length',
-)
-def test_domain_c_c_maximum_signature_line_length_in_text(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    param_line_fmt = STDINDENT * " " + "{}\n"
-
-    expected_parameter_list_hello = "(\n{})".format(param_line_fmt.format("str name,"))
-
-    assert expected_parameter_list_hello in content
diff --git a/tests/test_domain_cpp.py b/tests/test_domain_cpp.py
deleted file mode 100644
index dcc2b0f..0000000
--- a/tests/test_domain_cpp.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1744 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests the C++ Domain"""
-
-import itertools
-import re
-import zlib
-
-import pytest
-
-import sphinx.domains.cpp
-from sphinx import addnodes
-from sphinx.addnodes import (
-    desc,
-    desc_content,
-    desc_name,
-    desc_parameter,
-    desc_parameterlist,
-    desc_sig_name,
-    desc_sig_space,
-    desc_signature,
-    desc_signature_line,
-    pending_xref,
-)
-from sphinx.domains.cpp import (
-    DefinitionError,
-    DefinitionParser,
-    NoOldIdError,
-    Symbol,
-    _id_prefix,
-    _max_id,
-)
-from sphinx.ext.intersphinx import load_mappings, normalize_intersphinx_mapping
-from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
-from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
-from sphinx.writers.text import STDINDENT
-
-
-def parse(name, string):
-    class Config:
-        cpp_id_attributes = ["id_attr"]
-        cpp_paren_attributes = ["paren_attr"]
-    parser = DefinitionParser(string, location=None, config=Config())
-    parser.allowFallbackExpressionParsing = False
-    ast = parser.parse_declaration(name, name)
-    parser.assert_end()
-    # The scopedness would usually have been set by CPPEnumObject
-    if name == "enum":
-        ast.scoped = None  # simulate unscoped enum
-    return ast
-
-
-def _check(name, input, idDict, output, key, asTextOutput):
-    if key is None:
-        key = name
-    key += ' '
-    if name in ('function', 'member'):
-        inputActual = input
-        outputAst = output
-        outputAsText = output
-    else:
-        inputActual = input.format(key='')
-        outputAst = output.format(key='')
-        outputAsText = output.format(key=key)
-    if asTextOutput is not None:
-        outputAsText = asTextOutput
-
-    # first a simple check of the AST
-    ast = parse(name, inputActual)
-    res = str(ast)
-    if res != outputAst:
-        print("")
-        print("Input:    ", input)
-        print("Result:   ", res)
-        print("Expected: ", outputAst)
-        raise DefinitionError
-    rootSymbol = Symbol(None, None, None, None, None, None, None)
-    symbol = rootSymbol.add_declaration(ast, docname="TestDoc", line=42)
-    parentNode = addnodes.desc()
-    signode = addnodes.desc_signature(input, '')
-    parentNode += signode
-    ast.describe_signature(signode, 'lastIsName', symbol, options={})
-    resAsText = parentNode.astext()
-    if resAsText != outputAsText:
-        print("")
-        print("Input:    ", input)
-        print("astext(): ", resAsText)
-        print("Expected: ", outputAsText)
-        print("Node:", parentNode)
-        raise DefinitionError
-
-    idExpected = [None]
-    for i in range(1, _max_id + 1):
-        if i in idDict:
-            idExpected.append(idDict[i])
-        else:
-            idExpected.append(idExpected[i - 1])
-    idActual = [None]
-    for i in range(1, _max_id + 1):
-        try:
-            id = ast.get_id(version=i)
-            assert id is not None
-            idActual.append(id[len(_id_prefix[i]):])
-        except NoOldIdError:
-            idActual.append(None)
-
-    res = [True]
-    for i in range(1, _max_id + 1):
-        res.append(idExpected[i] == idActual[i])
-
-    if not all(res):
-        print("input:    %s" % input.rjust(20))
-        for i in range(1, _max_id + 1):
-            if res[i]:
-                continue
-            print("Error in id version %d." % i)
-            print("result:   %s" % idActual[i])
-            print("expected: %s" % idExpected[i])
-        print(rootSymbol.dump(0))
-        raise DefinitionError
-
-
-def check(name, input, idDict, output=None, key=None, asTextOutput=None):
-    if output is None:
-        output = input
-    # First, check without semicolon
-    _check(name, input, idDict, output, key, asTextOutput)
-    # Second, check with semicolon
-    _check(name, input + ' ;', idDict, output + ';', key,
-           asTextOutput + ';' if asTextOutput is not None else None)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(('type_', 'id_v2'),
-                         sphinx.domains.cpp._id_fundamental_v2.items())
-def test_domain_cpp_ast_fundamental_types(type_, id_v2):
-    # see https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/types
-    def make_id_v1():
-        if type_ == 'decltype(auto)':
-            return None
-        id_ = type_.replace(" ", "-").replace("long", "l")
-        if "__int" not in type_:
-            id_ = id_.replace("int", "i")
-        id_ = id_.replace("bool", "b").replace("char", "c")
-        id_ = id_.replace("wc_t", "wchar_t").replace("c16_t", "char16_t")
-        id_ = id_.replace("c8_t", "char8_t")
-        id_ = id_.replace("c32_t", "char32_t")
-        return f"f__{id_}"
-
-    def make_id_v2():
-        id_ = id_v2
-        if type_ == "std::nullptr_t":
-            id_ = "NSt9nullptr_tE"
-        return f"1f{id_}"
-
-    id1 = make_id_v1()
-    id2 = make_id_v2()
-
-    input = f"void f({type_.replace(' ', '  ')} arg)"
-    output = f"void f({type_} arg)"
-
-    check("function", input, {1: id1, 2: id2}, output=output)
-    if ' ' in type_:
-        # try permutations of all components
-        tcs = type_.split()
-        for p in itertools.permutations(tcs):
-            input = f"void f({' '.join(p)} arg)"
-            check("function", input, {1: id1, 2: id2})
-
-
-def test_domain_cpp_ast_expressions():
-    def exprCheck(expr, id, id4=None):
-        ids = 'IE1CIA%s_1aE'
-        # call .format() on the expr to unescape double curly braces
-        idDict = {2: ids % expr.format(), 3: ids % id}
-        if id4 is not None:
-            idDict[4] = ids % id4
-        check('class', 'template<> {key}C<a[%s]>' % expr, idDict)
-
-        class Config:
-            cpp_id_attributes = ["id_attr"]
-            cpp_paren_attributes = ["paren_attr"]
-
-        parser = DefinitionParser(expr, location=None,
-                                  config=Config())
-        parser.allowFallbackExpressionParsing = False
-        ast = parser.parse_expression()
-        res = str(ast)
-        if res != expr:
-            print("")
-            print("Input:    ", expr)
-            print("Result:   ", res)
-            raise DefinitionError
-        displayString = ast.get_display_string()
-        if res != displayString:
-            # note: if the expression contains an anon name then this will trigger a falsely
-            print("")
-            print("Input:    ", expr)
-            print("Result:   ", res)
-            print("Display:  ", displayString)
-            raise DefinitionError
-
-    # primary
-    exprCheck('nullptr', 'LDnE')
-    exprCheck('true', 'L1E')
-    exprCheck('false', 'L0E')
-    ints = ['5', '0', '075', '0x0123456789ABCDEF', '0XF', '0b1', '0B1',
-            "0b0'1'0", "00'1'2", "0x0'1'2", "1'2'3"]
-    unsignedSuffix = ['', 'u', 'U']
-    longSuffix = ['', 'l', 'L', 'll', 'LL']
-    for i in ints:
-        for u in unsignedSuffix:
-            for l in longSuffix:
-                expr = i + u + l
-                exprCheck(expr, 'L' + expr.replace("'", "") + 'E')
-                expr = i + l + u
-                exprCheck(expr, 'L' + expr.replace("'", "") + 'E')
-    decimalFloats = ['5e42', '5e+42', '5e-42',
-                     '5.', '5.e42', '5.e+42', '5.e-42',
-                     '.5', '.5e42', '.5e+42', '.5e-42',
-                     '5.0', '5.0e42', '5.0e+42', '5.0e-42',
-                     "1'2'3e7'8'9", "1'2'3.e7'8'9",
-                     ".4'5'6e7'8'9", "1'2'3.4'5'6e7'8'9"]
-    hexFloats = ['ApF', 'Ap+F', 'Ap-F',
-                 'A.', 'A.pF', 'A.p+F', 'A.p-F',
-                 '.A', '.ApF', '.Ap+F', '.Ap-F',
-                 'A.B', 'A.BpF', 'A.Bp+F', 'A.Bp-F',
-                 "A'B'Cp1'2'3", "A'B'C.p1'2'3",
-                 ".D'E'Fp1'2'3", "A'B'C.D'E'Fp1'2'3"]
-    for suffix in ['', 'f', 'F', 'l', 'L']:
-        for e in decimalFloats:
-            expr = e + suffix
-            exprCheck(expr, 'L' + expr.replace("'", "") + 'E')
-        for e in hexFloats:
-            expr = "0x" + e + suffix
-            exprCheck(expr, 'L' + expr.replace("'", "") + 'E')
-    exprCheck('"abc\\"cba"', 'LA8_KcE')  # string
-    exprCheck('this', 'fpT')
-    # character literals
-    charPrefixAndIds = [('', 'c'), ('u8', 'c'), ('u', 'Ds'), ('U', 'Di'), ('L', 'w')]
-    chars = [('a', '97'), ('\\n', '10'), ('\\012', '10'), ('\\0', '0'),
-             ('\\x0a', '10'), ('\\x0A', '10'), ('\\u0a42', '2626'), ('\\u0A42', '2626'),
-             ('\\U0001f34c', '127820'), ('\\U0001F34C', '127820')]
-    for p, t in charPrefixAndIds:
-        for c, val in chars:
-            exprCheck(f"{p}'{c}'", t + val)
-    # user-defined literals
-    for i in ints:
-        exprCheck(i + '_udl', 'clL_Zli4_udlEL' + i.replace("'", "") + 'EE')
-        exprCheck(i + 'uludl', 'clL_Zli5uludlEL' + i.replace("'", "") + 'EE')
-    for f in decimalFloats:
-        exprCheck(f + '_udl', 'clL_Zli4_udlEL' + f.replace("'", "") + 'EE')
-        exprCheck(f + 'fudl', 'clL_Zli4fudlEL' + f.replace("'", "") + 'EE')
-    for f in hexFloats:
-        exprCheck('0x' + f + '_udl', 'clL_Zli4_udlEL0x' + f.replace("'", "") + 'EE')
-    for p, t in charPrefixAndIds:
-        for c, val in chars:
-            exprCheck(f"{p}'{c}'_udl", 'clL_Zli4_udlE' + t + val + 'E')
-    exprCheck('"abc"_udl', 'clL_Zli4_udlELA3_KcEE')
-    # from issue #7294
-    exprCheck('6.62607015e-34q_J', 'clL_Zli3q_JEL6.62607015e-34EE')
-
-    # fold expressions, paren, name
-    exprCheck('(... + Ns)', '(... + Ns)', id4='flpl2Ns')
-    exprCheck('(Ns + ...)', '(Ns + ...)', id4='frpl2Ns')
-    exprCheck('(Ns + ... + 0)', '(Ns + ... + 0)', id4='fLpl2NsL0E')
-    exprCheck('(5)', 'L5E')
-    exprCheck('C', '1C')
-    # postfix
-    exprCheck('A(2)', 'cl1AL2EE')
-    exprCheck('A[2]', 'ix1AL2E')
-    exprCheck('a.b.c', 'dtdt1a1b1c')
-    exprCheck('a->b->c', 'ptpt1a1b1c')
-    exprCheck('i++', 'pp1i')
-    exprCheck('i--', 'mm1i')
-    exprCheck('dynamic_cast<T&>(i)++', 'ppdcR1T1i')
-    exprCheck('static_cast<T&>(i)++', 'ppscR1T1i')
-    exprCheck('reinterpret_cast<T&>(i)++', 'pprcR1T1i')
-    exprCheck('const_cast<T&>(i)++', 'ppccR1T1i')
-    exprCheck('typeid(T).name', 'dtti1T4name')
-    exprCheck('typeid(a + b).name', 'dttepl1a1b4name')
-    # unary
-    exprCheck('++5', 'pp_L5E')
-    exprCheck('--5', 'mm_L5E')
-    exprCheck('*5', 'deL5E')
-    exprCheck('&5', 'adL5E')
-    exprCheck('+5', 'psL5E')
-    exprCheck('-5', 'ngL5E')
-    exprCheck('!5', 'ntL5E')
-    exprCheck('not 5', 'ntL5E')
-    exprCheck('~5', 'coL5E')
-    exprCheck('compl 5', 'coL5E')
-    exprCheck('sizeof...(a)', 'sZ1a')
-    exprCheck('sizeof(T)', 'st1T')
-    exprCheck('sizeof -42', 'szngL42E')
-    exprCheck('alignof(T)', 'at1T')
-    exprCheck('noexcept(-42)', 'nxngL42E')
-    # new-expression
-    exprCheck('new int', 'nw_iE')
-    exprCheck('new volatile int', 'nw_ViE')
-    exprCheck('new int[42]', 'nw_AL42E_iE')
-    exprCheck('new int()', 'nw_ipiE')
-    exprCheck('new int(5, 42)', 'nw_ipiL5EL42EE')
-    exprCheck('::new int', 'nw_iE')
-    exprCheck('new int{{}}', 'nw_iilE')
-    exprCheck('new int{{5, 42}}', 'nw_iilL5EL42EE')
-    # delete-expression
-    exprCheck('delete p', 'dl1p')
-    exprCheck('delete [] p', 'da1p')
-    exprCheck('::delete p', 'dl1p')
-    exprCheck('::delete [] p', 'da1p')
-    # cast
-    exprCheck('(int)2', 'cviL2E')
-    # binary op
-    exprCheck('5 || 42', 'ooL5EL42E')
-    exprCheck('5 or 42', 'ooL5EL42E')
-    exprCheck('5 && 42', 'aaL5EL42E')
-    exprCheck('5 and 42', 'aaL5EL42E')
-    exprCheck('5 | 42', 'orL5EL42E')
-    exprCheck('5 bitor 42', 'orL5EL42E')
-    exprCheck('5 ^ 42', 'eoL5EL42E')
-    exprCheck('5 xor 42', 'eoL5EL42E')
-    exprCheck('5 & 42', 'anL5EL42E')
-    exprCheck('5 bitand 42', 'anL5EL42E')
-    # ['==', '!=']
-    exprCheck('5 == 42', 'eqL5EL42E')
-    exprCheck('5 != 42', 'neL5EL42E')
-    exprCheck('5 not_eq 42', 'neL5EL42E')
-    # ['<=', '>=', '<', '>', '<=>']
-    exprCheck('5 <= 42', 'leL5EL42E')
-    exprCheck('A <= 42', 'le1AL42E')
-    exprCheck('5 >= 42', 'geL5EL42E')
-    exprCheck('5 < 42', 'ltL5EL42E')
-    exprCheck('A < 42', 'lt1AL42E')
-    exprCheck('5 > 42', 'gtL5EL42E')
-    exprCheck('A > 42', 'gt1AL42E')
-    exprCheck('5 <=> 42', 'ssL5EL42E')
-    exprCheck('A <=> 42', 'ss1AL42E')
-    # ['<<', '>>']
-    exprCheck('5 << 42', 'lsL5EL42E')
-    exprCheck('A << 42', 'ls1AL42E')
-    exprCheck('5 >> 42', 'rsL5EL42E')
-    # ['+', '-']
-    exprCheck('5 + 42', 'plL5EL42E')
-    exprCheck('5 - 42', 'miL5EL42E')
-    # ['*', '/', '%']
-    exprCheck('5 * 42', 'mlL5EL42E')
-    exprCheck('5 / 42', 'dvL5EL42E')
-    exprCheck('5 % 42', 'rmL5EL42E')
-    # ['.*', '->*']
-    exprCheck('5 .* 42', 'dsL5EL42E')
-    exprCheck('5 ->* 42', 'pmL5EL42E')
-    # conditional
-    exprCheck('5 ? 7 : 3', 'quL5EL7EL3E')
-    # assignment
-    exprCheck('a = 5', 'aS1aL5E')
-    exprCheck('a *= 5', 'mL1aL5E')
-    exprCheck('a /= 5', 'dV1aL5E')
-    exprCheck('a %= 5', 'rM1aL5E')
-    exprCheck('a += 5', 'pL1aL5E')
-    exprCheck('a -= 5', 'mI1aL5E')
-    exprCheck('a >>= 5', 'rS1aL5E')
-    exprCheck('a <<= 5', 'lS1aL5E')
-    exprCheck('a &= 5', 'aN1aL5E')
-    exprCheck('a and_eq 5', 'aN1aL5E')
-    exprCheck('a ^= 5', 'eO1aL5E')
-    exprCheck('a xor_eq 5', 'eO1aL5E')
-    exprCheck('a |= 5', 'oR1aL5E')
-    exprCheck('a or_eq 5', 'oR1aL5E')
-    exprCheck('a = {{1, 2, 3}}', 'aS1ailL1EL2EL3EE')
-    # complex assignment and conditional
-    exprCheck('5 = 6 = 7', 'aSL5EaSL6EL7E')
-    exprCheck('5 = 6 ? 7 = 8 : 3', 'aSL5EquL6EaSL7EL8EL3E')
-    # comma operator
-    exprCheck('a, 5', 'cm1aL5E')
-
-    # Additional tests
-    # a < expression that starts with something that could be a template
-    exprCheck('A < 42', 'lt1AL42E')
-    check('function', 'template<> void f(A<B, 2> &v)',
-          {2: "IE1fR1AI1BX2EE", 3: "IE1fR1AI1BXL2EEE", 4: "IE1fvR1AI1BXL2EEE"})
-    exprCheck('A<1>::value', 'N1AIXL1EEE5valueE')
-    check('class', "template<int T = 42> {key}A", {2: "I_iE1A"})
-    check('enumerator', '{key}A = std::numeric_limits<unsigned long>::max()', {2: "1A"})
-
-    exprCheck('operator()()', 'clclE')
-    exprCheck('operator()<int>()', 'clclIiEE')
-
-    # pack expansion
-    exprCheck('a(b(c, 1 + d...)..., e(f..., g))', 'cl1aspcl1b1cspplL1E1dEcl1esp1f1gEE')
-
-
-def test_domain_cpp_ast_type_definitions():
-    check("type", "public bool b", {1: "b", 2: "1b"}, "{key}bool b", key='typedef')
-    check("type", "{key}bool A::b", {1: "A::b", 2: "N1A1bE"}, key='typedef')
-    check("type", "{key}bool *b", {1: "b", 2: "1b"}, key='typedef')
-    check("type", "{key}bool *const b", {1: "b", 2: "1b"}, key='typedef')
-    check("type", "{key}bool *volatile const b", {1: "b", 2: "1b"}, key='typedef')
-    check("type", "{key}bool *volatile const b", {1: "b", 2: "1b"}, key='typedef')
-    check("type", "{key}bool *volatile const *b", {1: "b", 2: "1b"}, key='typedef')
-    check("type", "{key}bool &b", {1: "b", 2: "1b"}, key='typedef')
-    check("type", "{key}bool b[]", {1: "b", 2: "1b"}, key='typedef')
-    check("type", "{key}std::pair<int, int> coord", {1: "coord", 2: "5coord"}, key='typedef')
-    check("type", "{key}long long int foo", {1: "foo", 2: "3foo"}, key='typedef')
-    check("type", '{key}std::vector<std::pair<std::string, long long>> module::blah',
-          {1: "module::blah", 2: "N6module4blahE"}, key='typedef')
-    check("type", "{key}std::function<void()> F", {1: "F", 2: "1F"}, key='typedef')
-    check("type", "{key}std::function<R(A1, A2)> F", {1: "F", 2: "1F"}, key='typedef')
-    check("type", "{key}std::function<R(A1, A2, A3)> F", {1: "F", 2: "1F"}, key='typedef')
-    check("type", "{key}std::function<R(A1, A2, A3, As...)> F", {1: "F", 2: "1F"}, key='typedef')
-    check("type", "{key}MyContainer::const_iterator",
-          {1: "MyContainer::const_iterator", 2: "N11MyContainer14const_iteratorE"})
-    check("type",
-          "public MyContainer::const_iterator",
-          {1: "MyContainer::const_iterator", 2: "N11MyContainer14const_iteratorE"},
-          output="{key}MyContainer::const_iterator")
-    # test decl specs on right
-    check("type", "{key}bool const b", {1: "b", 2: "1b"}, key='typedef')
-    # test name in global scope
-    check("type", "{key}bool ::B::b", {1: "B::b", 2: "N1B1bE"}, key='typedef')
-
-    check('type', '{key}A = B', {2: '1A'}, key='using')
-    check('type', '{key}A = decltype(b)', {2: '1A'}, key='using')
-
-    # from breathe#267 (named function parameters for function pointers
-    check('type', '{key}void (*gpio_callback_t)(struct device *port, uint32_t pin)',
-          {1: 'gpio_callback_t', 2: '15gpio_callback_t'}, key='typedef')
-    check('type', '{key}void (*f)(std::function<void(int i)> g)', {1: 'f', 2: '1f'},
-          key='typedef')
-
-    check('type', '{key}T = A::template B<int>::template C<double>', {2: '1T'}, key='using')
-
-    check('type', '{key}T = Q<A::operator()>', {2: '1T'}, key='using')
-    check('type', '{key}T = Q<A::operator()<int>>', {2: '1T'}, key='using')
-    check('type', '{key}T = Q<A::operator bool>', {2: '1T'}, key='using')
-
-
-def test_domain_cpp_ast_concept_definitions():
-    check('concept', 'template<typename Param> {key}A::B::Concept',
-          {2: 'I0EN1A1B7ConceptE'})
-    check('concept', 'template<typename A, typename B, typename ...C> {key}Foo',
-          {2: 'I00DpE3Foo'})
-    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
-        parse('concept', '{key}Foo')
-    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
-        parse('concept', 'template<typename T> template<typename U> {key}Foo')
-
-
-def test_domain_cpp_ast_member_definitions():
-    check('member', '  const  std::string  &  name = 42',
-          {1: "name__ssCR", 2: "4name"}, output='const std::string &name = 42')
-    check('member', '  const  std::string  &  name', {1: "name__ssCR", 2: "4name"},
-          output='const std::string &name')
-    check('member', '  const  std::string  &  name [ n ]',
-          {1: "name__ssCRA", 2: "4name"}, output='const std::string &name[n]')
-    check('member', 'const std::vector< unsigned int, long> &name',
-          {1: "name__std::vector:unsigned-i.l:CR", 2: "4name"},
-          output='const std::vector<unsigned int, long> &name')
-    check('member', 'module::myclass foo[n]', {1: "foo__module::myclassA", 2: "3foo"})
-    check('member', 'int *const p', {1: 'p__iPC', 2: '1p'})
-    check('member', 'extern int myInt', {1: 'myInt__i', 2: '5myInt'})
-    check('member', 'thread_local int myInt', {1: 'myInt__i', 2: '5myInt'})
-    check('member', 'extern thread_local int myInt', {1: 'myInt__i', 2: '5myInt'})
-    check('member', 'thread_local extern int myInt', {1: 'myInt__i', 2: '5myInt'},
-          'extern thread_local int myInt')
-
-    # tests based on https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/bit_field
-    check('member', 'int b : 3', {1: 'b__i', 2: '1b'})
-    check('member', 'int b : 8 = 42', {1: 'b__i', 2: '1b'})
-    check('member', 'int b : 8{42}', {1: 'b__i', 2: '1b'})
-    # TODO: enable once the ternary operator is supported
-    # check('member', 'int b : true ? 8 : a = 42', {1: 'b__i', 2: '1b'})
-    # TODO: enable once the ternary operator is supported
-    # check('member', 'int b : (true ? 8 : a) = 42', {1: 'b__i', 2: '1b'})
-    check('member', 'int b : 1 || new int{0}', {1: 'b__i', 2: '1b'})
-
-    check('member', 'inline int n', {1: 'n__i', 2: '1n'})
-    check('member', 'constinit int n', {1: 'n__i', 2: '1n'})
-
-
-def test_domain_cpp_ast_function_definitions():
-    check('function', 'void f(volatile int)', {1: "f__iV", 2: "1fVi"})
-    check('function', 'void f(std::size_t)', {1: "f__std::s", 2: "1fNSt6size_tE"})
-    check('function', 'operator bool() const', {1: "castto-b-operatorC", 2: "NKcvbEv"})
-    check('function', 'A::operator bool() const',
-          {1: "A::castto-b-operatorC", 2: "NK1AcvbEv"})
-    check('function', 'A::operator bool() volatile const &',
-          {1: "A::castto-b-operatorVCR", 2: "NVKR1AcvbEv"})
-    check('function', 'A::operator bool() volatile const &&',
-          {1: "A::castto-b-operatorVCO", 2: "NVKO1AcvbEv"})
-    check('function', 'bool namespaced::theclass::method(arg1, arg2)',
-          {1: "namespaced::theclass::method__arg1.arg2",
-           2: "N10namespaced8theclass6methodE4arg14arg2"})
-    x = 'std::vector<std::pair<std::string, int>> &module::test(register int ' \
-        'foo, bar, std::string baz = "foobar, blah, bleh") const = 0'
-    check('function', x, {1: "module::test__i.bar.ssC",
-                          2: "NK6module4testEi3barNSt6stringE"})
-    check('function', 'void f(std::pair<A, B>)',
-          {1: "f__std::pair:A.B:", 2: "1fNSt4pairI1A1BEE"})
-    check('function', 'explicit module::myclass::foo::foo()',
-          {1: "module::myclass::foo::foo", 2: "N6module7myclass3foo3fooEv"})
-    check('function', 'module::myclass::foo::~foo()',
-          {1: "module::myclass::foo::~foo", 2: "N6module7myclass3fooD0Ev"})
-    check('function', 'int printf(const char *fmt, ...)',
-          {1: "printf__cCP.z", 2: "6printfPKcz"})
-    check('function', 'int foo(const unsigned int j)',
-          {1: "foo__unsigned-iC", 2: "3fooKj"})
-    check('function', 'int foo(const int *const ptr)',
-          {1: "foo__iCPC", 2: "3fooPCKi"})
-    check('function', 'module::myclass::operator std::vector<std::string>()',
-          {1: "module::myclass::castto-std::vector:ss:-operator",
-           2: "N6module7myclasscvNSt6vectorINSt6stringEEEEv"})
-    check('function',
-          'void operator()(const boost::array<VertexID, 2> &v) const',
-          {1: "call-operator__boost::array:VertexID.2:CRC",
-           2: "NKclERKN5boost5arrayI8VertexIDX2EEE",
-           3: "NKclERKN5boost5arrayI8VertexIDXL2EEEE"})
-    check('function',
-          'void operator()(const boost::array<VertexID, 2, "foo,  bar"> &v) const',
-          {1: 'call-operator__boost::array:VertexID.2."foo,--bar":CRC',
-           2: 'NKclERKN5boost5arrayI8VertexIDX2EX"foo,  bar"EEE',
-           3: 'NKclERKN5boost5arrayI8VertexIDXL2EEXLA9_KcEEEE'})
-    check('function', 'MyClass::MyClass(MyClass::MyClass&&)',
-          {1: "MyClass::MyClass__MyClass::MyClassRR",
-           2: "N7MyClass7MyClassERRN7MyClass7MyClassE"})
-    check('function', 'constexpr int get_value()', {1: "get_valueCE", 2: "9get_valuev"})
-    check('function', 'static constexpr int get_value()',
-          {1: "get_valueCE", 2: "9get_valuev"})
-    check('function', 'int get_value() const noexcept',
-          {1: "get_valueC", 2: "NK9get_valueEv"})
-    check('function', 'int get_value() const noexcept(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::value)',
-          {1: "get_valueC", 2: "NK9get_valueEv"})
-    check('function', 'int get_value() const noexcept("see below")',
-          {1: "get_valueC", 2: "NK9get_valueEv"})
-    check('function', 'int get_value() const noexcept = delete',
-          {1: "get_valueC", 2: "NK9get_valueEv"})
-    check('function', 'int get_value() volatile const',
-          {1: "get_valueVC", 2: "NVK9get_valueEv"})
-    check('function', 'MyClass::MyClass(MyClass::MyClass&&) = default',
-          {1: "MyClass::MyClass__MyClass::MyClassRR",
-           2: "N7MyClass7MyClassERRN7MyClass7MyClassE"})
-    check('function', 'virtual MyClass::a_virtual_function() const override',
-          {1: "MyClass::a_virtual_functionC", 2: "NK7MyClass18a_virtual_functionEv"})
-    check('function', 'A B() override', {1: "B", 2: "1Bv"})
-    check('function', 'A B() final', {1: "B", 2: "1Bv"})
-    check('function', 'A B() final override', {1: "B", 2: "1Bv"})
-    check('function', 'A B() override final', {1: "B", 2: "1Bv"},
-          output='A B() final override')
-    check('function', 'MyClass::a_member_function() volatile',
-          {1: "MyClass::a_member_functionV", 2: "NV7MyClass17a_member_functionEv"})
-    check('function', 'MyClass::a_member_function() volatile const',
-          {1: "MyClass::a_member_functionVC", 2: "NVK7MyClass17a_member_functionEv"})
-    check('function', 'MyClass::a_member_function() &&',
-          {1: "MyClass::a_member_functionO", 2: "NO7MyClass17a_member_functionEv"})
-    check('function', 'MyClass::a_member_function() &',
-          {1: "MyClass::a_member_functionR", 2: "NR7MyClass17a_member_functionEv"})
-    check('function', 'MyClass::a_member_function() const &',
-          {1: "MyClass::a_member_functionCR", 2: "NKR7MyClass17a_member_functionEv"})
-    check('function', 'int main(int argc, char *argv[])',
-          {1: "main__i.cPA", 2: "4mainiA_Pc"})
-    check('function', 'MyClass &MyClass::operator++()',
-          {1: "MyClass::inc-operator", 2: "N7MyClassppEv"})
-    check('function', 'MyClass::pointer MyClass::operator->()',
-          {1: "MyClass::pointer-operator", 2: "N7MyClassptEv"})
-
-    x = 'std::vector<std::pair<std::string, int>> &module::test(register int ' \
-        'foo, bar[n], std::string baz = "foobar, blah, bleh") const = 0'
-    check('function', x, {1: "module::test__i.barA.ssC",
-                          2: "NK6module4testEiAn_3barNSt6stringE",
-                          3: "NK6module4testEiA1n_3barNSt6stringE"})
-    check('function',
-          'int foo(Foo f = Foo(double(), std::make_pair(int(2), double(3.4))))',
-          {1: "foo__Foo", 2: "3foo3Foo"})
-    check('function', 'int foo(A a = x(a))', {1: "foo__A", 2: "3foo1A"})
-    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
-        parse('function', 'int foo(B b=x(a)')
-    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
-        parse('function', 'int foo)C c=x(a))')
-    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
-        parse('function', 'int foo(D d=x(a')
-    check('function', 'int foo(const A&... a)', {1: "foo__ACRDp", 2: "3fooDpRK1A"})
-    check('function', 'int foo(const A&...)', {1: "foo__ACRDp", 2: "3fooDpRK1A"})
-    check('function', 'int foo(const A*... a)', {1: "foo__ACPDp", 2: "3fooDpPK1A"})
-    check('function', 'int foo(const A*...)', {1: "foo__ACPDp", 2: "3fooDpPK1A"})
-    check('function', 'int foo(const int A::*... a)', {2: "3fooDpM1AKi"})
-    check('function', 'int foo(const int A::*...)', {2: "3fooDpM1AKi"})
-    # check('function', 'int foo(int (*a)(A)...)', {1: "foo__ACRDp", 2: "3fooDpPK1A"})
-    # check('function', 'int foo(int (*)(A)...)', {1: "foo__ACRDp", 2: "3fooDpPK1A"})
-    check('function', 'virtual void f()', {1: "f", 2: "1fv"})
-    # test for ::nestedName, from issue 1738
-    check("function", "result(int val, ::std::error_category const &cat)",
-          {1: "result__i.std::error_categoryCR", 2: "6resultiRKNSt14error_categoryE"})
-    check("function", "int *f()", {1: "f", 2: "1fv"})
-    # tests derived from issue #1753 (skip to keep sanity)
-    check("function", "f(int (&array)[10])", {2: "1fRA10_i", 3: "1fRAL10E_i"})
-    check("function", "void f(int (&array)[10])", {2: "1fRA10_i", 3: "1fRAL10E_i"})
-    check("function", "void f(float *q(double))", {2: "1fFPfdE"})
-    check("function", "void f(float *(*q)(double))", {2: "1fPFPfdE"})
-    check("function", "void f(float (*q)(double))", {2: "1fPFfdE"})
-    check("function", "int (*f(double d))(float)", {1: "f__double", 2: "1fd"})
-    check("function", "int (*f(bool b))[5]", {1: "f__b", 2: "1fb"})
-    check("function", "int (*A::f(double d) const)(float)",
-          {1: "A::f__doubleC", 2: "NK1A1fEd"})
-    check("function", "void f(std::shared_ptr<int(double)> ptr)",
-          {2: "1fNSt10shared_ptrIFidEEE"})
-    check("function", "void f(int *const p)", {1: "f__iPC", 2: "1fPCi"})
-    check("function", "void f(int *volatile const p)", {1: "f__iPVC", 2: "1fPVCi"})
-
-    check('function', 'extern int f()', {1: 'f', 2: '1fv'})
-    check('function', 'consteval int f()', {1: 'f', 2: '1fv'})
-
-    check('function', 'explicit(true) void f()', {1: 'f', 2: '1fv'})
-
-    check('function', 'decltype(auto) f()', {1: 'f', 2: "1fv"})
-
-    # TODO: make tests for functions in a template, e.g., Test<int&&()>
-    # such that the id generation for function type types is correct.
-
-    check('function', 'friend std::ostream &f(std::ostream &s, int i)',
-          {1: 'f__osR.i', 2: '1fRNSt7ostreamEi'})
-
-    # from breathe#223
-    check('function', 'void f(struct E e)', {1: 'f__E', 2: '1f1E'})
-    check('function', 'void f(class E e)', {1: 'f__E', 2: '1f1E'})
-    check('function', 'void f(typename E e)', {1: 'f__E', 2: '1f1E'})
-    check('function', 'void f(enum E e)', {1: 'f__E', 2: '1f1E'})
-    check('function', 'void f(union E e)', {1: 'f__E', 2: '1f1E'})
-
-    # pointer to member (function)
-    check('function', 'void f(int C::*)', {2: '1fM1Ci'})
-    check('function', 'void f(int C::* p)', {2: '1fM1Ci'})
-    check('function', 'void f(int ::C::* p)', {2: '1fM1Ci'})
-    check('function', 'void f(int C::*const)', {2: '1fKM1Ci'})
-    check('function', 'void f(int C::*const&)', {2: '1fRKM1Ci'})
-    check('function', 'void f(int C::*volatile)', {2: '1fVM1Ci'})
-    check('function', 'void f(int C::*const volatile)', {2: '1fVKM1Ci'},
-          output='void f(int C::*volatile const)')
-    check('function', 'void f(int C::*volatile const)', {2: '1fVKM1Ci'})
-    check('function', 'void f(int (C::*)(float, double))', {2: '1fM1CFifdE'})
-    check('function', 'void f(int (C::* p)(float, double))', {2: '1fM1CFifdE'})
-    check('function', 'void f(int (::C::* p)(float, double))', {2: '1fM1CFifdE'})
-    check('function', 'void f(void (C::*)() const &)', {2: '1fM1CKRFvvE'})
-    check('function', 'int C::* f(int, double)', {2: '1fid'})
-    check('function', 'void f(int C::* *p)', {2: '1fPM1Ci'})
-    check('function', 'void f(int C::**)', {2: '1fPM1Ci'})
-    check('function', 'void f(int C::*const *p)', {2: '1fPKM1Ci'})
-    check('function', 'void f(int C::*const*)', {2: '1fPKM1Ci'})
-
-    # exceptions from return type mangling
-    check('function', 'template<typename T> C()', {2: 'I0E1Cv'})
-    check('function', 'template<typename T> operator int()', {2: 'I0Ecviv'})
-
-    # trailing return types
-    ids = {1: 'f', 2: '1fv'}
-    check('function', 'int f()', ids)
-    check('function', 'auto f() -> int', ids)
-    check('function', 'virtual auto f() -> int = 0', ids)
-    check('function', 'virtual auto f() -> int final', ids)
-    check('function', 'virtual auto f() -> int override', ids)
-
-    ids = {2: 'I0E1fv', 4: 'I0E1fiv'}
-    check('function', 'template<typename T> int f()', ids)
-    check('function', 'template<typename T> f() -> int', ids)
-
-    # from breathe#441
-    check('function', 'auto MakeThingy() -> Thingy*', {1: 'MakeThingy', 2: '10MakeThingyv'})
-
-    # from #8960
-    check('function', 'void f(void (*p)(int, double), int i)', {2: '1fPFvidEi'})
-
-    # from #9535 comment
-    check('function', 'void f(void (*p)(int) = &foo)', {2: '1fPFviE'})
-
-
-def test_domain_cpp_ast_operators():
-    check('function', 'void operator new()', {1: "new-operator", 2: "nwv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator new[]()', {1: "new-array-operator", 2: "nav"})
-    check('function', 'void operator delete()', {1: "delete-operator", 2: "dlv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator delete[]()', {1: "delete-array-operator", 2: "dav"})
-    check('function', 'operator bool() const', {1: "castto-b-operatorC", 2: "NKcvbEv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator""_udl()', {2: 'li4_udlv'})
-
-    check('function', 'void operator~()', {1: "inv-operator", 2: "cov"})
-    check('function', 'void operator compl()', {2: "cov"})
-    check('function', 'void operator+()', {1: "add-operator", 2: "plv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator-()', {1: "sub-operator", 2: "miv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator*()', {1: "mul-operator", 2: "mlv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator/()', {1: "div-operator", 2: "dvv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator%()', {1: "mod-operator", 2: "rmv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator&()', {1: "and-operator", 2: "anv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator bitand()', {2: "anv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator|()', {1: "or-operator", 2: "orv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator bitor()', {2: "orv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator^()', {1: "xor-operator", 2: "eov"})
-    check('function', 'void operator xor()', {2: "eov"})
-    check('function', 'void operator=()', {1: "assign-operator", 2: "aSv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator+=()', {1: "add-assign-operator", 2: "pLv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator-=()', {1: "sub-assign-operator", 2: "mIv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator*=()', {1: "mul-assign-operator", 2: "mLv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator/=()', {1: "div-assign-operator", 2: "dVv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator%=()', {1: "mod-assign-operator", 2: "rMv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator&=()', {1: "and-assign-operator", 2: "aNv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator and_eq()', {2: "aNv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator|=()', {1: "or-assign-operator", 2: "oRv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator or_eq()', {2: "oRv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator^=()', {1: "xor-assign-operator", 2: "eOv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator xor_eq()', {2: "eOv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator<<()', {1: "lshift-operator", 2: "lsv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator>>()', {1: "rshift-operator", 2: "rsv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator<<=()', {1: "lshift-assign-operator", 2: "lSv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator>>=()', {1: "rshift-assign-operator", 2: "rSv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator==()', {1: "eq-operator", 2: "eqv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator!=()', {1: "neq-operator", 2: "nev"})
-    check('function', 'void operator not_eq()', {2: "nev"})
-    check('function', 'void operator<()', {1: "lt-operator", 2: "ltv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator>()', {1: "gt-operator", 2: "gtv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator<=()', {1: "lte-operator", 2: "lev"})
-    check('function', 'void operator>=()', {1: "gte-operator", 2: "gev"})
-    check('function', 'void operator<=>()', {2: "ssv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator!()', {1: "not-operator", 2: "ntv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator not()', {2: "ntv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator&&()', {1: "sand-operator", 2: "aav"})
-    check('function', 'void operator and()', {2: "aav"})
-    check('function', 'void operator||()', {1: "sor-operator", 2: "oov"})
-    check('function', 'void operator or()', {2: "oov"})
-    check('function', 'void operator++()', {1: "inc-operator", 2: "ppv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator--()', {1: "dec-operator", 2: "mmv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator,()', {1: "comma-operator", 2: "cmv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator->*()', {1: "pointer-by-pointer-operator", 2: "pmv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator->()', {1: "pointer-operator", 2: "ptv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator()()', {1: "call-operator", 2: "clv"})
-    check('function', 'void operator[]()', {1: "subscript-operator", 2: "ixv"})
-
-
-def test_domain_cpp_ast_nested_name():
-    check('class', '{key}::A', {1: "A", 2: "1A"})
-    check('class', '{key}::A::B', {1: "A::B", 2: "N1A1BE"})
-    check('function', 'void f(::A a)', {1: "f__A", 2: "1f1A"})
-    check('function', 'void f(::A::B a)', {1: "f__A::B", 2: "1fN1A1BE"})
-
-
-def test_domain_cpp_ast_class_definitions():
-    check('class', 'public A', {1: "A", 2: "1A"}, output='{key}A')
-    check('class', 'private {key}A', {1: "A", 2: "1A"})
-    check('class', '{key}A final', {1: 'A', 2: '1A'})
-
-    # test bases
-    check('class', '{key}A', {1: "A", 2: "1A"})
-    check('class', '{key}A::B::C', {1: "A::B::C", 2: "N1A1B1CE"})
-    check('class', '{key}A : B', {1: "A", 2: "1A"})
-    check('class', '{key}A : private B', {1: "A", 2: "1A"})
-    check('class', '{key}A : public B', {1: "A", 2: "1A"})
-    check('class', '{key}A : B, C', {1: "A", 2: "1A"})
-    check('class', '{key}A : B, protected C, D', {1: "A", 2: "1A"})
-    check('class', 'A : virtual private B', {1: 'A', 2: '1A'}, output='{key}A : private virtual B')
-    check('class', '{key}A : private virtual B', {1: 'A', 2: '1A'})
-    check('class', '{key}A : B, virtual C', {1: 'A', 2: '1A'})
-    check('class', '{key}A : public virtual B', {1: 'A', 2: '1A'})
-    check('class', '{key}A : B, C...', {1: 'A', 2: '1A'})
-    check('class', '{key}A : B..., C', {1: 'A', 2: '1A'})
-
-    # from #4094
-    check('class', 'template<class, class = std::void_t<>> {key}has_var', {2: 'I00E7has_var'})
-    check('class', 'template<class T> {key}has_var<T, std::void_t<decltype(&T::var)>>',
-          {2: 'I0E7has_varI1TNSt6void_tIDTadN1T3varEEEEE'})
-
-    check('class', 'template<typename ...Ts> {key}T<int (*)(Ts)...>',
-          {2: 'IDpE1TIJPFi2TsEEE'})
-    check('class', 'template<int... Is> {key}T<(Is)...>',
-          {2: 'I_DpiE1TIJX(Is)EEE', 3: 'I_DpiE1TIJX2IsEEE'})
-
-
-def test_domain_cpp_ast_union_definitions():
-    check('union', '{key}A', {2: "1A"})
-
-
-def test_domain_cpp_ast_enum_definitions():
-    check('enum', '{key}A', {2: "1A"})
-    check('enum', '{key}A : std::underlying_type<B>::type', {2: "1A"})
-    check('enum', '{key}A : unsigned int', {2: "1A"})
-    check('enum', 'public A', {2: "1A"}, output='{key}A')
-    check('enum', 'private {key}A', {2: "1A"})
-
-    check('enumerator', '{key}A', {2: "1A"})
-    check('enumerator', '{key}A = std::numeric_limits<unsigned long>::max()', {2: "1A"})
-
-
-def test_domain_cpp_ast_anon_definitions():
-    check('class', '@a', {3: "Ut1_a"}, asTextOutput='class [anonymous]')
-    check('union', '@a', {3: "Ut1_a"}, asTextOutput='union [anonymous]')
-    check('enum', '@a', {3: "Ut1_a"}, asTextOutput='enum [anonymous]')
-    check('class', '@1', {3: "Ut1_1"}, asTextOutput='class [anonymous]')
-    check('class', '@a::A', {3: "NUt1_a1AE"}, asTextOutput='class [anonymous]::A')
-
-    check('function', 'int f(int @a)', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1fi'},
-          asTextOutput='int f(int [anonymous])')
-
-
-def test_domain_cpp_ast_templates():
-    check('class', "A<T>", {2: "IE1AI1TE"}, output="template<> {key}A<T>")
-    # first just check which objects support templating
-    check('class', "template<> {key}A", {2: "IE1A"})
-    check('function', "template<> void A()", {2: "IE1Av", 4: "IE1Avv"})
-    check('member', "template<> A a", {2: "IE1a"})
-    check('type', "template<> {key}a = A", {2: "IE1a"}, key='using')
-    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
-        parse('enum', "template<> A")
-    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
-        parse('enumerator', "template<> A")
-    # then all the real tests
-    check('class', "template<typename T1, typename T2> {key}A", {2: "I00E1A"})
-    check('type', "template<> {key}a", {2: "IE1a"}, key='using')
-
-    check('class', "template<typename T> {key}A", {2: "I0E1A"})
-    check('class', "template<class T> {key}A", {2: "I0E1A"})
-    check('class', "template<typename ...T> {key}A", {2: "IDpE1A"})
-    check('class', "template<typename...> {key}A", {2: "IDpE1A"})
-    check('class', "template<typename = Test> {key}A", {2: "I0E1A"})
-    check('class', "template<typename T = Test> {key}A", {2: "I0E1A"})
-
-    check('class', "template<template<typename> typename T> {key}A", {2: "II0E0E1A"})
-    check('class', "template<template<typename> class T> {key}A", {2: "II0E0E1A"})
-    check('class', "template<template<typename> typename> {key}A", {2: "II0E0E1A"})
-    check('class', "template<template<typename> typename ...T> {key}A", {2: "II0EDpE1A"})
-    check('class', "template<template<typename> typename...> {key}A", {2: "II0EDpE1A"})
-    check('class', "template<typename T, template<typename> typename...> {key}A", {2: "I0I0EDpE1A"})
-
-    check('class', "template<int> {key}A", {2: "I_iE1A"})
-    check('class', "template<int T> {key}A", {2: "I_iE1A"})
-    check('class', "template<int... T> {key}A", {2: "I_DpiE1A"})
-    check('class', "template<int T = 42> {key}A", {2: "I_iE1A"})
-    check('class', "template<int = 42> {key}A", {2: "I_iE1A"})
-
-    check('class', "template<typename A<B>::C> {key}A", {2: "I_N1AI1BE1CEE1A"})
-    check('class', "template<typename A<B>::C = 42> {key}A", {2: "I_N1AI1BE1CEE1A"})
-    # from #7944
-    check('function', "template<typename T, "
-                      "typename std::enable_if<!has_overloaded_addressof<T>::value, bool>::type = false"
-                      "> constexpr T *static_addressof(T &ref)",
-          {2: "I0_NSt9enable_ifIX!has_overloaded_addressof<T>::valueEbE4typeEE16static_addressofR1T",
-           3: "I0_NSt9enable_ifIXntN24has_overloaded_addressofI1TE5valueEEbE4typeEE16static_addressofR1T",
-           4: "I0_NSt9enable_ifIXntN24has_overloaded_addressofI1TE5valueEEbE4typeEE16static_addressofP1TR1T"})
-
-    check('class', "template<> {key}A<NS::B<>>", {2: "IE1AIN2NS1BIEEE"})
-
-    # from #2058
-    check('function',
-          "template<typename Char, typename Traits> "
-          "inline std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits> &operator<<("
-          "std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits> &os, "
-          "const c_string_view_base<const Char, Traits> &str)",
-          {2: "I00ElsRNSt13basic_ostreamI4Char6TraitsEE"
-              "RK18c_string_view_baseIK4Char6TraitsE",
-           4: "I00Els"
-              "RNSt13basic_ostreamI4Char6TraitsEE"
-              "RNSt13basic_ostreamI4Char6TraitsEE"
-              "RK18c_string_view_baseIK4Char6TraitsE"})
-
-    # template introductions
-    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
-        parse('enum', 'abc::ns::foo{id_0, id_1, id_2} A')
-    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
-        parse('enumerator', 'abc::ns::foo{id_0, id_1, id_2} A')
-    check('class', 'abc::ns::foo{{id_0, id_1, id_2}} {key}xyz::bar',
-          {2: 'I000EXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_14id_2EEN3xyz3barE'})
-    check('class', 'abc::ns::foo{{id_0, id_1, ...id_2}} {key}xyz::bar',
-          {2: 'I00DpEXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_1sp4id_2EEN3xyz3barE'})
-    check('class', 'abc::ns::foo{{id_0, id_1, id_2}} {key}xyz::bar<id_0, id_1, id_2>',
-          {2: 'I000EXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_14id_2EEN3xyz3barE'})
-    check('class', 'abc::ns::foo{{id_0, id_1, ...id_2}} {key}xyz::bar<id_0, id_1, id_2...>',
-          {2: 'I00DpEXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_1sp4id_2EEN3xyz3barE'})
-
-    check('class', 'template<> Concept{{U}} {key}A<int>::B', {2: 'IEI0EX7ConceptI1UEEN1AIiE1BE'})
-
-    check('type', 'abc::ns::foo{{id_0, id_1, id_2}} {key}xyz::bar = ghi::qux',
-          {2: 'I000EXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_14id_2EEN3xyz3barE'}, key='using')
-    check('type', 'abc::ns::foo{{id_0, id_1, ...id_2}} {key}xyz::bar = ghi::qux',
-          {2: 'I00DpEXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_1sp4id_2EEN3xyz3barE'}, key='using')
-    check('function', 'abc::ns::foo{id_0, id_1, id_2} void xyz::bar()',
-          {2: 'I000EXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_14id_2EEN3xyz3barEv',
-           4: 'I000EXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_14id_2EEN3xyz3barEvv'})
-    check('function', 'abc::ns::foo{id_0, id_1, ...id_2} void xyz::bar()',
-          {2: 'I00DpEXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_1sp4id_2EEN3xyz3barEv',
-           4: 'I00DpEXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_1sp4id_2EEN3xyz3barEvv'})
-    check('member', 'abc::ns::foo{id_0, id_1, id_2} ghi::qux xyz::bar',
-          {2: 'I000EXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_14id_2EEN3xyz3barE'})
-    check('member', 'abc::ns::foo{id_0, id_1, ...id_2} ghi::qux xyz::bar',
-          {2: 'I00DpEXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_1sp4id_2EEN3xyz3barE'})
-    check('concept', 'Iterator{{T, U}} {key}Another', {2: 'I00EX8IteratorI1T1UEE7Another'})
-    check('concept', 'template<typename ...Pack> {key}Numerics = (... && Numeric<Pack>)',
-          {2: 'IDpE8Numerics'})
-
-    # explicit specializations of members
-    check('member', 'template<> int A<int>::a', {2: 'IEN1AIiE1aE'})
-    check('member', 'template int A<int>::a', {2: 'IEN1AIiE1aE'},
-          output='template<> int A<int>::a')  # same as above
-    check('member', 'template<> template<> int A<int>::B<int>::b', {2: 'IEIEN1AIiE1BIiE1bE'})
-    check('member', 'template int A<int>::B<int>::b', {2: 'IEIEN1AIiE1BIiE1bE'},
-          output='template<> template<> int A<int>::B<int>::b')  # same as above
-
-    # defaulted constrained type parameters
-    check('type', 'template<C T = int&> {key}A', {2: 'I_1CE1A'}, key='using')
-
-    # pack expansion after non-type template parameter
-    check('type', 'template<int (X::*)(bool)...> {key}A', {2: 'I_DpM1XFibEE1A'}, key='using')
-
-
-def test_domain_cpp_ast_placeholder_types():
-    check('function', 'void f(Sortable auto &v)', {1: 'f__SortableR', 2: '1fR8Sortable'})
-    check('function', 'void f(const Sortable auto &v)', {1: 'f__SortableCR', 2: '1fRK8Sortable'})
-    check('function', 'void f(Sortable decltype(auto) &v)', {1: 'f__SortableR', 2: '1fR8Sortable'})
-    check('function', 'void f(const Sortable decltype(auto) &v)', {1: 'f__SortableCR', 2: '1fRK8Sortable'})
-    check('function', 'void f(Sortable decltype ( auto ) &v)', {1: 'f__SortableR', 2: '1fR8Sortable'},
-          output='void f(Sortable decltype(auto) &v)')
-
-
-def test_domain_cpp_ast_requires_clauses():
-    check('function', 'template<typename T> requires A auto f() -> void requires B',
-          {4: 'I0EIQaa1A1BE1fvv'})
-    check('function', 'template<typename T> requires A || B or C void f()',
-          {4: 'I0EIQoo1Aoo1B1CE1fvv'})
-    check('function', 'void f() requires A || B || C',
-          {4: 'IQoo1Aoo1B1CE1fv'})
-    check('function', 'Foo() requires A || B || C',
-          {4: 'IQoo1Aoo1B1CE3Foov'})
-    check('function', 'template<typename T> requires A && B || C and D void f()',
-          {4: 'I0EIQooaa1A1Baa1C1DE1fvv'})
-    check('function',
-          'template<typename T> requires R<T> ' +
-          'template<typename U> requires S<T> ' +
-          'void A<T>::f() requires B',
-          {4: 'I0EIQ1RI1TEEI0EIQaa1SI1TE1BEN1A1fEvv'})
-    check('function',
-          'template<template<typename T> requires R<T> typename X> ' +
-          'void f()',
-          {2: 'II0EIQ1RI1TEE0E1fv', 4: 'II0EIQ1RI1TEE0E1fvv'})
-    check('type',
-          'template<typename T> requires IsValid<T> {key}T = true_type',
-          {4: 'I0EIQ7IsValidI1TEE1T'}, key='using')
-    check('class',
-          'template<typename T> requires IsValid<T> {key}T : Base',
-          {4: 'I0EIQ7IsValidI1TEE1T'}, key='class')
-    check('union',
-          'template<typename T> requires IsValid<T> {key}T',
-          {4: 'I0EIQ7IsValidI1TEE1T'}, key='union')
-    check('member',
-          'template<typename T> requires IsValid<T> int Val = 7',
-          {4: 'I0EIQ7IsValidI1TEE3Val'})
-
-
-def test_domain_cpp_ast_template_args():
-    # from breathe#218
-    check('function',
-          "template<typename F> "
-          "void allow(F *f, typename func<F, B, G != 1>::type tt)",
-          {2: "I0E5allowP1FN4funcI1F1BXG != 1EE4typeE",
-           3: "I0E5allowP1FN4funcI1F1BXne1GL1EEE4typeE",
-           4: "I0E5allowvP1FN4funcI1F1BXne1GL1EEE4typeE"})
-    # from #3542
-    check('type', "template<typename T> {key}"
-          "enable_if_not_array_t = std::enable_if_t<!is_array<T>::value, int>",
-          {2: "I0E21enable_if_not_array_t"},
-          key='using')
-
-
-def test_domain_cpp_ast_initializers():
-    idsMember = {1: 'v__T', 2: '1v'}
-    idsFunction = {1: 'f__T', 2: '1f1T'}
-    idsTemplate = {2: 'I_1TE1fv', 4: 'I_1TE1fvv'}
-    # no init
-    check('member', 'T v', idsMember)
-    check('function', 'void f(T v)', idsFunction)
-    check('function', 'template<T v> void f()', idsTemplate)
-    # with '=', assignment-expression
-    check('member', 'T v = 42', idsMember)
-    check('function', 'void f(T v = 42)', idsFunction)
-    check('function', 'template<T v = 42> void f()', idsTemplate)
-    # with '=', braced-init
-    check('member', 'T v = {}', idsMember)
-    check('function', 'void f(T v = {})', idsFunction)
-    check('function', 'template<T v = {}> void f()', idsTemplate)
-    check('member', 'T v = {42, 42, 42}', idsMember)
-    check('function', 'void f(T v = {42, 42, 42})', idsFunction)
-    check('function', 'template<T v = {42, 42, 42}> void f()', idsTemplate)
-    check('member', 'T v = {42, 42, 42,}', idsMember)
-    check('function', 'void f(T v = {42, 42, 42,})', idsFunction)
-    check('function', 'template<T v = {42, 42, 42,}> void f()', idsTemplate)
-    check('member', 'T v = {42, 42, args...}', idsMember)
-    check('function', 'void f(T v = {42, 42, args...})', idsFunction)
-    check('function', 'template<T v = {42, 42, args...}> void f()', idsTemplate)
-    # without '=', braced-init
-    check('member', 'T v{}', idsMember)
-    check('member', 'T v{42, 42, 42}', idsMember)
-    check('member', 'T v{42, 42, 42,}', idsMember)
-    check('member', 'T v{42, 42, args...}', idsMember)
-    # other
-    check('member', 'T v = T{}', idsMember)
-
-
-def test_domain_cpp_ast_attributes():
-    # style: C++
-    check('member', '[[]] int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
-    check('member', '[ [ ] ] int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'},
-          # this will fail when the proper grammar is implemented
-          output='[[ ]] int f')
-    check('member', '[[a]] int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
-    # style: GNU
-    check('member', '__attribute__(()) int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
-    check('member', '__attribute__((a)) int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
-    check('member', '__attribute__((a, b)) int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
-    check('member', '__attribute__((optimize(3))) int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
-    check('member', '__attribute__((format(printf, 1, 2))) int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
-    # style: user-defined id
-    check('member', 'id_attr int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
-    # style: user-defined paren
-    check('member', 'paren_attr() int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
-    check('member', 'paren_attr(a) int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
-    check('member', 'paren_attr("") int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
-    check('member', 'paren_attr(()[{}][]{}) int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
-    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
-        parse('member', 'paren_attr(() int f')
-    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
-        parse('member', 'paren_attr([) int f')
-    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
-        parse('member', 'paren_attr({) int f')
-    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
-        parse('member', 'paren_attr([)]) int f')
-    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
-        parse('member', 'paren_attr((])) int f')
-    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
-        parse('member', 'paren_attr({]}) int f')
-
-    # position: decl specs
-    check('function', 'static inline __attribute__(()) void f()',
-          {1: 'f', 2: '1fv'},
-          output='__attribute__(()) static inline void f()')
-    check('function', '[[attr1]] [[attr2]] void f()', {1: 'f', 2: '1fv'})
-    # position: declarator
-    check('member', 'int *[[attr1]] [[attr2]] i', {1: 'i__iP', 2: '1i'})
-    check('member', 'int *const [[attr1]] [[attr2]] volatile i', {1: 'i__iPVC', 2: '1i'},
-          output='int *[[attr1]] [[attr2]] volatile const i')
-    check('member', 'int &[[attr1]] [[attr2]] i', {1: 'i__iR', 2: '1i'})
-    check('member', 'int *[[attr1]] [[attr2]] *i', {1: 'i__iPP', 2: '1i'})
-    # position: parameters and qualifiers
-    check('function', 'void f() [[attr1]] [[attr2]]', {1: 'f', 2: '1fv'})
-
-    # position: class, union, enum
-    check('class', '{key}[[attr1]] [[attr2]] Foo', {1: 'Foo', 2: '3Foo'}, key='class')
-    check('union', '{key}[[attr1]] [[attr2]] Foo', {2: '3Foo'}, key='union')
-    check('enum', '{key}[[attr1]] [[attr2]] Foo', {2: '3Foo'}, key='enum')
-    # position: enumerator
-    check('enumerator', '{key}Foo [[attr1]] [[attr2]]', {2: '3Foo'})
-    check('enumerator', '{key}Foo [[attr1]] [[attr2]] = 42', {2: '3Foo'})
-
-
-def test_domain_cpp_ast_xref_parsing():
-    def check(target):
-        class Config:
-            cpp_id_attributes = ["id_attr"]
-            cpp_paren_attributes = ["paren_attr"]
-        parser = DefinitionParser(target, location=None,
-                                  config=Config())
-        ast, isShorthand = parser.parse_xref_object()
-        parser.assert_end()
-    check('f')
-    check('f()')
-    check('void f()')
-    check('T f()')
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    ("param", "is_pack"),
-    [('typename', False),
-     ('typename T', False),
-     ('typename...', True),
-     ('typename... T', True),
-     ('int', False),
-     ('int N', False),
-     ('int* N', False),
-     ('int& N', False),
-     ('int&... N', True),
-     ('int*... N', True),
-     ('int...', True),
-     ('int... N', True),
-     ('auto', False),
-     ('auto...', True),
-     ('int X::*', False),
-     ('int X::*...', True),
-     ('int (X::*)(bool)', False),
-     ('int (X::*x)(bool)', False),
-     ('int (X::*)(bool)...', True),
-     ('template<typename> class', False),
-     ('template<typename> class...', True),
-     ])
-def test_domain_cpp_template_parameters_is_pack(param: str, is_pack: bool):
-    def parse_template_parameter(param: str):
-        ast = parse('type', 'template<' + param + '> X')
-        return ast.templatePrefix.templates[0].params[0]
-    ast = parse_template_parameter(param)
-    assert ast.isPack == is_pack
-
-
-# def test_print():
-#     # used for getting all the ids out for checking
-#     for a in ids:
-#         print(a)
-#     raise DefinitionError
-
-
-def filter_warnings(warning, file):
-    lines = warning.getvalue().split("\n")
-    res = [l for l in lines if "domain-cpp" in l and f"{file}.rst" in l and
-           "WARNING: document isn't included in any toctree" not in l]
-    print(f"Filtered warnings for file '{file}':")
-    for w in res:
-        print(w)
-    return res
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
-def test_domain_cpp_build_multi_decl_lookup(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "lookup-key-overload")
-    assert len(ws) == 0
-
-    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "multi-decl-lookup")
-    assert len(ws) == 0
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
-def test_domain_cpp_build_warn_template_param_qualified_name(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "warn-template-param-qualified-name")
-    assert len(ws) == 2
-    assert "WARNING: cpp:type reference target not found: T::typeWarn" in ws[0]
-    assert "WARNING: cpp:type reference target not found: T::U::typeWarn" in ws[1]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
-def test_domain_cpp_build_backslash_ok_true(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "backslash")
-    assert len(ws) == 0
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
-def test_domain_cpp_build_semicolon(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "semicolon")
-    assert len(ws) == 0
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp',
-                    confoverrides={'nitpicky': True, 'strip_signature_backslash': True})
-def test_domain_cpp_build_backslash_ok_false(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "backslash")
-    assert len(ws) == 1
-    assert "WARNING: Parsing of expression failed. Using fallback parser." in ws[0]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
-def test_domain_cpp_build_anon_dup_decl(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "anon-dup-decl")
-    assert len(ws) == 2
-    assert "WARNING: cpp:identifier reference target not found: @a" in ws[0]
-    assert "WARNING: cpp:identifier reference target not found: @b" in ws[1]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp')
-def test_domain_cpp_build_misuse_of_roles(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "roles-targets-ok")
-    assert len(ws) == 0
-
-    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "roles-targets-warn")
-    # the roles that should be able to generate warnings:
-    allRoles = ['class', 'struct', 'union', 'func', 'member', 'var', 'type', 'concept', 'enum', 'enumerator']
-    ok = [  # targetType, okRoles
-        ('class', ['class', 'struct', 'type']),
-        ('union', ['union', 'type']),
-        ('func', ['func', 'type']),
-        ('member', ['member', 'var']),
-        ('type', ['type']),
-        ('concept', ['concept']),
-        ('enum', ['type', 'enum']),
-        ('enumerator', ['enumerator']),
-        ('functionParam', ['member', 'var']),
-        ('templateParam', ['class', 'struct', 'union', 'member', 'var', 'type']),
-    ]
-    warn = []
-    for targetType, roles in ok:
-        txtTargetType = "function" if targetType == "func" else targetType
-        for r in allRoles:
-            if r not in roles:
-                warn.append(f"WARNING: cpp:{r} targets a {txtTargetType} (")
-                if targetType == 'templateParam':
-                    warn.append(f"WARNING: cpp:{r} targets a {txtTargetType} (")
-                    warn.append(f"WARNING: cpp:{r} targets a {txtTargetType} (")
-    warn = sorted(warn)
-    for w in ws:
-        assert "targets a" in w
-    ws = [w[w.index("WARNING:"):] for w in ws]
-    ws = sorted(ws)
-    print("Expected warnings:")
-    for w in warn:
-        print(w)
-    print("Actual warnings:")
-    for w in ws:
-        print(w)
-
-    for i in range(min(len(warn), len(ws))):
-        assert ws[i].startswith(warn[i])
-
-    assert len(ws) == len(warn)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp', confoverrides={'add_function_parentheses': True})
-def test_domain_cpp_build_with_add_function_parentheses_is_True(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    def check(spec, text, file):
-        pattern = '<li><p>%s<a .*?><code .*?><span .*?>%s</span></code></a></p></li>' % spec
-        res = re.search(pattern, text)
-        if not res:
-            print(f"Pattern\n\t{pattern}\nnot found in {file}")
-            raise AssertionError
-    rolePatterns = [
-        ('', 'Sphinx'),
-        ('', 'Sphinx::version'),
-        ('', 'version'),
-        ('', 'List'),
-        ('', 'MyEnum'),
-    ]
-    parenPatterns = [
-        ('ref function without parens ', r'paren_1\(\)'),
-        ('ref function with parens ', r'paren_2\(\)'),
-        ('ref function without parens, explicit title ', 'paren_3_title'),
-        ('ref function with parens, explicit title ', 'paren_4_title'),
-        ('ref op call without parens ', r'paren_5::operator\(\)\(\)'),
-        ('ref op call with parens ', r'paren_6::operator\(\)\(\)'),
-        ('ref op call without parens, explicit title ', 'paren_7_title'),
-        ('ref op call with parens, explicit title ', 'paren_8_title'),
-    ]
-
-    f = 'roles.html'
-    t = (app.outdir / f).read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    for s in rolePatterns:
-        check(s, t, f)
-    for s in parenPatterns:
-        check(s, t, f)
-
-    f = 'any-role.html'
-    t = (app.outdir / f).read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    for s in parenPatterns:
-        check(s, t, f)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp', confoverrides={'add_function_parentheses': False})
-def test_domain_cpp_build_with_add_function_parentheses_is_False(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    def check(spec, text, file):
-        pattern = '<li><p>%s<a .*?><code .*?><span .*?>%s</span></code></a></p></li>' % spec
-        res = re.search(pattern, text)
-        if not res:
-            print(f"Pattern\n\t{pattern}\nnot found in {file}")
-            raise AssertionError
-    rolePatterns = [
-        ('', 'Sphinx'),
-        ('', 'Sphinx::version'),
-        ('', 'version'),
-        ('', 'List'),
-        ('', 'MyEnum'),
-    ]
-    parenPatterns = [
-        ('ref function without parens ', 'paren_1'),
-        ('ref function with parens ', 'paren_2'),
-        ('ref function without parens, explicit title ', 'paren_3_title'),
-        ('ref function with parens, explicit title ', 'paren_4_title'),
-        ('ref op call without parens ', r'paren_5::operator\(\)'),
-        ('ref op call with parens ', r'paren_6::operator\(\)'),
-        ('ref op call without parens, explicit title ', 'paren_7_title'),
-        ('ref op call with parens, explicit title ', 'paren_8_title'),
-    ]
-
-    f = 'roles.html'
-    t = (app.outdir / f).read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    for s in rolePatterns:
-        check(s, t, f)
-    for s in parenPatterns:
-        check(s, t, f)
-
-    f = 'any-role.html'
-    t = (app.outdir / f).read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    for s in parenPatterns:
-        check(s, t, f)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp')
-def test_domain_cpp_build_xref_consistency(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    test = 'xref_consistency.html'
-    output = (app.outdir / test).read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    def classes(role, tag):
-        pattern = (fr'{role}-role:.*?'
-                   fr'<(?P<tag>{tag}) .*?class=["\'](?P<classes>.*?)["\'].*?>'
-                   r'.*'
-                   r'</(?P=tag)>')
-        result = re.search(pattern, output)
-        expect = f'''\
-Pattern for role `{role}` with tag `{tag}`
-\t{pattern}
-not found in `{test}`
-'''
-        assert result, expect
-        return set(result.group('classes').split())
-
-    class RoleClasses:
-        """Collect the classes from the layout that was generated for a given role."""
-
-        def __init__(self, role, root, contents):
-            self.name = role
-            self.classes = classes(role, root)
-            self.content_classes = {}
-            for tag in contents:
-                self.content_classes[tag] = classes(role, tag)
-
-    # not actually used as a reference point
-    # code_role = RoleClasses('code', 'code', [])
-    any_role = RoleClasses('any', 'a', ['code'])
-    cpp_any_role = RoleClasses('cpp-any', 'a', ['code'])
-    # NYI: consistent looks
-    # texpr_role = RoleClasses('cpp-texpr', 'span', ['a', 'code'])
-    expr_role = RoleClasses('cpp-expr', 'span', ['a'])
-    texpr_role = RoleClasses('cpp-texpr', 'span', ['a', 'span'])
-
-    # XRefRole-style classes
-
-    # any and cpp:any do not put these classes at the root
-
-    # n.b. the generic any machinery finds the specific 'cpp-class' object type
-    expect = 'any uses XRefRole classes'
-    assert {'xref', 'any', 'cpp', 'cpp-class'} <= any_role.content_classes['code'], expect
-
-    expect = 'cpp:any uses XRefRole classes'
-    assert {'xref', 'cpp-any', 'cpp'} <= cpp_any_role.content_classes['code'], expect
-
-    for role in (expr_role, texpr_role):
-        name = role.name
-        expect = f'`{name}` puts the domain and role classes at its root'
-        assert {'sig', 'sig-inline', 'cpp', name} <= role.classes, expect
-
-    # reference classes
-
-    expect = 'the xref roles use the same reference classes'
-    assert any_role.classes == cpp_any_role.classes, expect
-    assert any_role.classes == expr_role.content_classes['a'], expect
-    assert any_role.classes == texpr_role.content_classes['a'], expect
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
-def test_domain_cpp_build_field_role(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "field-role")
-    assert len(ws) == 0
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp-intersphinx', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
-def test_domain_cpp_build_intersphinx(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
-    origSource = """\
-.. cpp:class:: _class
-.. cpp:struct:: _struct
-.. cpp:union:: _union
-.. cpp:function:: void _function()
-.. cpp:member:: int _member
-.. cpp:var:: int _var
-.. cpp:type:: _type
-.. cpp:concept:: template<typename T> _concept
-.. cpp:enum:: _enum
-
-    .. cpp:enumerator:: _enumerator
-
-.. cpp:enum-struct:: _enumStruct
-
-    .. cpp:enumerator:: _scopedEnumerator
-
-.. cpp:enum-class:: _enumClass
-.. cpp:function:: void _functionParam(int param)
-.. cpp:function:: template<typename TParam> void _templateParam()
-"""  # noqa: F841
-    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
-    inv_file.write_bytes(b'''\
-# Sphinx inventory version 2
-# Project: C Intersphinx Test
-# Version: 
-# The remainder of this file is compressed using zlib.
-''' + zlib.compress(b'''\
-_class cpp:class 1 index.html#_CPPv46$ -
-_concept cpp:concept 1 index.html#_CPPv4I0E8$ -
-_concept::T cpp:templateParam 1 index.html#_CPPv4I0E8_concept -
-_enum cpp:enum 1 index.html#_CPPv45$ -
-_enum::_enumerator cpp:enumerator 1 index.html#_CPPv4N5_enum11_enumeratorE -
-_enumClass cpp:enum 1 index.html#_CPPv410$ -
-_enumStruct cpp:enum 1 index.html#_CPPv411$ -
-_enumStruct::_scopedEnumerator cpp:enumerator 1 index.html#_CPPv4N11_enumStruct17_scopedEnumeratorE -
-_enumerator cpp:enumerator 1 index.html#_CPPv4N5_enum11_enumeratorE -
-_function cpp:function 1 index.html#_CPPv49_functionv -
-_functionParam cpp:function 1 index.html#_CPPv414_functionParami -
-_functionParam::param cpp:functionParam 1 index.html#_CPPv414_functionParami -
-_member cpp:member 1 index.html#_CPPv47$ -
-_struct cpp:class 1 index.html#_CPPv47$ -
-_templateParam cpp:function 1 index.html#_CPPv4I0E14_templateParamvv -
-_templateParam::TParam cpp:templateParam 1 index.html#_CPPv4I0E14_templateParamvv -
-_type cpp:type 1 index.html#_CPPv45$ -
-_union cpp:union 1 index.html#_CPPv46$ -
-_var cpp:member 1 index.html#_CPPv44$ -
-'''))  # noqa: W291
-    app.config.intersphinx_mapping = {
-        'https://localhost/intersphinx/cpp/': str(inv_file),
-    }
-    app.config.intersphinx_cache_limit = 0
-    # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
-    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
-    load_mappings(app)
-
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "index")
-    assert len(ws) == 0
-
-
-def test_domain_cpp_parse_no_index_entry(app):
-    text = (".. cpp:function:: void f()\n"
-            ".. cpp:function:: void g()\n"
-            "   :no-index-entry:\n")
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index, desc, addnodes.index, desc))
-    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'f (C++ function)', '_CPPv41fv', '', None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[2], addnodes.index, entries=[])
-
-
-def test_domain_cpp_parse_mix_decl_duplicate(app, warning):
-    # Issue 8270
-    text = (".. cpp:struct:: A\n"
-            ".. cpp:function:: void A()\n"
-            ".. cpp:struct:: A\n")
-    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    ws = warning.getvalue().split("\n")
-    assert len(ws) == 5
-    assert "index.rst:2: WARNING: Duplicate C++ declaration, also defined at index:1." in ws[0]
-    assert "Declaration is '.. cpp:function:: void A()'." in ws[1]
-    assert "index.rst:3: WARNING: Duplicate C++ declaration, also defined at index:1." in ws[2]
-    assert "Declaration is '.. cpp:struct:: A'." in ws[3]
-    assert ws[4] == ""
-
-
-# For some reason, using the default testroot of "root" leads to the contents of
-# `test-root/objects.txt` polluting the symbol table depending on the test
-# execution order.  Using a testroot of "config" seems to avoid that problem.
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='config')
-def test_domain_cpp_normalize_unspecialized_template_args(make_app, app_params):
-    args, kwargs = app_params
-
-    text1 = (".. cpp:class:: template <typename T> A\n")
-    text2 = (".. cpp:class:: template <typename T> template <typename U> A<T>::B\n")
-
-    app1 = make_app(*args, **kwargs)
-    restructuredtext.parse(app=app1, text=text1, docname='text1')
-    root1 = app1.env.domaindata['cpp']['root_symbol']
-
-    assert root1.dump(1) == (
-        '  ::\n'
-        '    template<typename T> \n'
-        '    A: {class} template<typename T> A\t(text1)\n'
-        '      T: {templateParam} typename T\t(text1)\n'
-    )
-
-    app2 = make_app(*args, **kwargs)
-    restructuredtext.parse(app=app2, text=text2, docname='text2')
-    root2 = app2.env.domaindata['cpp']['root_symbol']
-
-    assert root2.dump(1) == (
-        '  ::\n'
-        '    template<typename T> \n'
-        '    A\n'
-        '      T\n'
-        '      template<typename U> \n'
-        '      B: {class} template<typename T> template<typename U> A<T>::B\t(text2)\n'
-        '        U: {templateParam} typename U\t(text2)\n'
-    )
-
-    root2.merge_with(root1, ['text1'], app2.env)
-
-    assert root2.dump(1) == (
-        '  ::\n'
-        '    template<typename T> \n'
-        '    A: {class} template<typename T> A\t(text1)\n'
-        '      T: {templateParam} typename T\t(text1)\n'
-        '      template<typename U> \n'
-        '      B: {class} template<typename T> template<typename U> A<T>::B\t(text2)\n'
-        '        U: {templateParam} typename U\t(text2)\n'
-    )
-    warning = app2._warning.getvalue()
-    assert 'Internal C++ domain error during symbol merging' not in warning
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
-    'cpp_maximum_signature_line_length': len('str hello(str name)'),
-})
-def test_cpp_function_signature_with_cpp_maximum_signature_line_length_equal(app):
-    text = '.. cpp:function:: str hello(str name)'
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        addnodes.index,
-        [desc, (
-            [desc_signature, (
-                [desc_signature_line, (
-                    pending_xref,
-                    desc_sig_space,
-                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, 'hello']],
-                    desc_parameterlist,
-                )],
-            )],
-            desc_content,
-        )],
-    ))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype='function',
-                domain='cpp', objtype='function', no_index=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
-        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, 'str']],
-        desc_sig_space,
-        [desc_sig_name, 'name'],
-    )])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
-    'cpp_maximum_signature_line_length': len('str hello(str name)'),
-})
-def test_cpp_function_signature_with_cpp_maximum_signature_line_length_force_single(app):
-    text = ('.. cpp:function:: str hello(str names)\n'
-            '   :single-line-parameter-list:')
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        addnodes.index,
-        [desc, (
-            [desc_signature, (
-                [desc_signature_line, (
-                    pending_xref,
-                    desc_sig_space,
-                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, 'hello']],
-                    desc_parameterlist,
-                )],
-            )],
-            desc_content,
-        )],
-    ))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype='function',
-                domain='cpp', objtype='function', no_index=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
-        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, 'str']],
-        desc_sig_space,
-        [desc_sig_name, 'names']),
-    ])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
-    'cpp_maximum_signature_line_length': len("str hello(str name)"),
-})
-def test_cpp_function_signature_with_cpp_maximum_signature_line_length_break(app):
-    text = '.. cpp:function:: str hello(str names)'
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        addnodes.index,
-        [desc, (
-            [desc_signature, (
-                [desc_signature_line, (
-                    pending_xref,
-                    desc_sig_space,
-                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, 'hello']],
-                    desc_parameterlist,
-                )],
-            )],
-            desc_content,
-        )],
-    ))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype='function',
-                domain='cpp', objtype='function', no_index=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
-        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, 'str']],
-        desc_sig_space,
-        [desc_sig_name, 'names']),
-    ])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=True)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
-    'maximum_signature_line_length': len('str hello(str name)'),
-})
-def test_cpp_function_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_equal(app):
-    text = '.. cpp:function:: str hello(str name)'
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        addnodes.index,
-        [desc, (
-            [desc_signature, (
-                [desc_signature_line, (
-                    pending_xref,
-                    desc_sig_space,
-                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, 'hello']],
-                    desc_parameterlist,
-                )],
-            )],
-            desc_content,
-        )],
-    ))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype='function',
-                domain='cpp', objtype='function', no_index=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
-        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, 'str']],
-        desc_sig_space,
-        [desc_sig_name, 'name'],
-    )])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
-    'maximum_signature_line_length': len('str hello(str name)'),
-})
-def test_cpp_function_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_force_single(app):
-    text = ('.. cpp:function:: str hello(str names)\n'
-            '   :single-line-parameter-list:')
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        addnodes.index,
-        [desc, (
-            [desc_signature, (
-                [desc_signature_line, (
-                    pending_xref,
-                    desc_sig_space,
-                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, 'hello']],
-                    desc_parameterlist,
-                )],
-            )],
-            desc_content,
-        )],
-    ))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype='function',
-                domain='cpp', objtype='function', no_index=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
-        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, 'str']],
-        desc_sig_space,
-        [desc_sig_name, 'names']),
-    ])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
-    'maximum_signature_line_length': len("str hello(str name)"),
-})
-def test_cpp_function_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_break(app):
-    text = '.. cpp:function:: str hello(str names)'
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        addnodes.index,
-        [desc, (
-            [desc_signature, (
-                [desc_signature_line, (
-                    pending_xref,
-                    desc_sig_space,
-                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, 'hello']],
-                    desc_parameterlist,
-                )],
-            )],
-            desc_content,
-        )],
-    ))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype='function',
-                domain='cpp', objtype='function', no_index=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
-        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, 'str']],
-        desc_sig_space,
-        [desc_sig_name, 'names']),
-    ])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=True)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
-    'cpp_maximum_signature_line_length': len('str hello(str name)'),
-    'maximum_signature_line_length': 1,
-})
-def test_cpp_maximum_signature_line_length_overrides_global(app):
-    text = '.. cpp:function:: str hello(str name)'
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        addnodes.index,
-        [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_signature_line, (pending_xref,
-                                                         desc_sig_space,
-                                                         [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, "hello"]],
-                                                         desc_parameterlist)])],
-                desc_content)],
-    ))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype='function',
-                domain='cpp', objtype='function', no_index=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
-        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, 'str']],
-        desc_sig_space,
-        [desc_sig_name, 'name'],
-    )])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='domain-cpp-cpp_maximum_signature_line_length')
-def test_domain_cpp_cpp_maximum_signature_line_length_in_html(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf-8')
-    expected = """\
-
-<dl>
-<dd>\
-<span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span>\
-<span class="w"> </span>\
-<span class="n sig-param"><span class="pre">name</span></span>,\
-</dd>
-</dl>
-
-<span class="sig-paren">)</span>\
-<a class="headerlink" href=\
-"""
-    assert expected in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'text', testroot='domain-cpp-cpp_maximum_signature_line_length',
-)
-def test_domain_cpp_cpp_maximum_signature_line_length_in_text(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    param_line_fmt = STDINDENT * " " + "{}\n"
-
-    expected_parameter_list_hello = "(\n{})".format(param_line_fmt.format("str name,"))
-
-    assert expected_parameter_list_hello in content
diff --git a/tests/test_domain_js.py b/tests/test_domain_js.py
deleted file mode 100644
index bf4c3fe..0000000
--- a/tests/test_domain_js.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,505 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests the JavaScript Domain"""
-
-from unittest.mock import Mock
-
-import docutils.utils
-import pytest
-from docutils import nodes
-
-from sphinx import addnodes
-from sphinx.addnodes import (
-    desc,
-    desc_annotation,
-    desc_content,
-    desc_name,
-    desc_parameter,
-    desc_parameterlist,
-    desc_sig_keyword,
-    desc_sig_name,
-    desc_sig_space,
-    desc_signature,
-)
-from sphinx.domains.javascript import JavaScriptDomain
-from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
-from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
-from sphinx.writers.text import STDINDENT
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='domain-js')
-def test_domain_js_xrefs(app, status, warning):
-    """Domain objects have correct prefixes when looking up xrefs"""
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    def assert_refnode(node, mod_name, prefix, target, reftype=None,
-                       domain='js'):
-        attributes = {
-            'refdomain': domain,
-            'reftarget': target,
-        }
-        if reftype is not None:
-            attributes['reftype'] = reftype
-        if mod_name is not False:
-            attributes['js:module'] = mod_name
-        if prefix is not False:
-            attributes['js:object'] = prefix
-        assert_node(node, **attributes)
-
-    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('roles')
-    refnodes = list(doctree.findall(addnodes.pending_xref))
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[0], None, None, 'TopLevel', 'class')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[1], None, None, 'top_level', 'func')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[2], None, 'NestedParentA', 'child_1', 'func')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[3], None, 'NestedParentA', 'NestedChildA.subchild_2', 'func')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[4], None, 'NestedParentA', 'child_2', 'func')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[5], False, 'NestedParentA', 'any_child', domain='')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[6], None, 'NestedParentA', 'NestedChildA', 'class')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[7], None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'subchild_2', 'func')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[8], None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA',
-                   'NestedParentA.child_1', 'func')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[9], None, 'NestedParentA', 'NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'func')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[10], None, 'NestedParentB', 'child_1', 'func')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[11], None, 'NestedParentB', 'NestedParentB', 'class')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[12], None, None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'class')
-    assert len(refnodes) == 13
-
-    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('module')
-    refnodes = list(doctree.findall(addnodes.pending_xref))
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[0], 'module_a.submodule', None, 'ModTopLevel',
-                   'class')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[1], 'module_a.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
-                   'mod_child_1', 'meth')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[2], 'module_a.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
-                   'ModTopLevel.mod_child_1', 'meth')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[3], 'module_a.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
-                   'mod_child_2', 'meth')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[4], 'module_a.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
-                   'module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.mod_child_1', 'meth')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[5], 'module_b.submodule', None, 'ModTopLevel',
-                   'class')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[6], 'module_b.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
-                   'module_a.submodule', 'mod')
-    assert len(refnodes) == 7
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='domain-js')
-def test_domain_js_objects(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    modules = app.env.domains['js'].data['modules']
-    objects = app.env.domains['js'].data['objects']
-
-    assert 'module_a.submodule' in modules
-    assert 'module_a.submodule' in objects
-    assert 'module_b.submodule' in modules
-    assert 'module_b.submodule' in objects
-
-    assert objects['module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel'][2] == 'class'
-    assert objects['module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.mod_child_1'][2] == 'method'
-    assert objects['module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.mod_child_2'][2] == 'method'
-    assert objects['module_b.submodule.ModTopLevel'][2] == 'class'
-
-    assert objects['TopLevel'][2] == 'class'
-    assert objects['top_level'][2] == 'function'
-    assert objects['NestedParentA'][2] == 'class'
-    assert objects['NestedParentA.child_1'][2] == 'function'
-    assert objects['NestedParentA.any_child'][2] == 'function'
-    assert objects['NestedParentA.NestedChildA'][2] == 'class'
-    assert objects['NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1'][2] == 'function'
-    assert objects['NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_2'][2] == 'function'
-    assert objects['NestedParentA.child_2'][2] == 'function'
-    assert objects['NestedParentB'][2] == 'class'
-    assert objects['NestedParentB.child_1'][2] == 'function'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='domain-js')
-def test_domain_js_find_obj(app, status, warning):
-
-    def find_obj(mod_name, prefix, obj_name, obj_type, searchmode=0):
-        return app.env.domains['js'].find_obj(
-            app.env, mod_name, prefix, obj_name, obj_type, searchmode)
-
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    assert (find_obj(None, None, 'NONEXISTANT', 'class') == (None, None))
-    assert (find_obj(None, None, 'NestedParentA', 'class') ==
-            ('NestedParentA', ('roles', 'NestedParentA', 'class')))
-    assert (find_obj(None, None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'class') ==
-            ('NestedParentA.NestedChildA',
-             ('roles', 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'class')))
-    assert (find_obj(None, 'NestedParentA', 'NestedChildA', 'class') ==
-            ('NestedParentA.NestedChildA',
-             ('roles', 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'class')))
-    assert (find_obj(None, None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'func') ==
-            ('NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1',
-             ('roles', 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'function')))
-    assert (find_obj(None, 'NestedParentA', 'NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'func') ==
-            ('NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1',
-             ('roles', 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'function')))
-    assert (find_obj(None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'subchild_1', 'func') ==
-            ('NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1',
-             ('roles', 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'function')))
-    assert (find_obj('module_a.submodule', 'ModTopLevel', 'mod_child_2', 'meth') ==
-            ('module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.mod_child_2',
-             ('module', 'module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.mod_child_2', 'method')))
-    assert (find_obj('module_b.submodule', 'ModTopLevel', 'module_a.submodule', 'mod') ==
-            ('module_a.submodule',
-             ('module', 'module-module_a.submodule', 'module')))
-
-
-def test_get_full_qualified_name():
-    env = Mock(domaindata={})
-    domain = JavaScriptDomain(env)
-
-    # non-js references
-    node = nodes.reference()
-    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) is None
-
-    # simple reference
-    node = nodes.reference(reftarget='func')
-    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) == 'func'
-
-    # with js:module context
-    kwargs = {'js:module': 'module1'}
-    node = nodes.reference(reftarget='func', **kwargs)
-    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) == 'module1.func'
-
-    # with js:object context
-    kwargs = {'js:object': 'Class'}
-    node = nodes.reference(reftarget='func', **kwargs)
-    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) == 'Class.func'
-
-    # with both js:module and js:object context
-    kwargs = {'js:module': 'module1', 'js:object': 'Class'}
-    node = nodes.reference(reftarget='func', **kwargs)
-    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) == 'module1.Class.func'
-
-
-def test_js_module(app):
-    text = ".. js:module:: sphinx"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          nodes.target))
-    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index,
-                entries=[("single", "sphinx (module)", "module-sphinx", "", None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[1], nodes.target, ids=["module-sphinx"])
-
-
-def test_js_function(app):
-    text = ".. js:function:: sum(a, b)"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, ([desc_sig_name, "sum"])],
-                                                    desc_parameterlist)],
-                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], [desc_parameterlist, ([desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "a"])],
-                                                        [desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "b"])])])
-    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index,
-                entries=[("single", "sum() (built-in function)", "sum", "", None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, domain="js", objtype="function", no_index=False)
-
-
-def test_js_class(app):
-    text = ".. js:class:: Application"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ([desc_sig_keyword, 'class'],
-                                                                       desc_sig_space)],
-                                                    [desc_name, ([desc_sig_name, "Application"])],
-                                                    [desc_parameterlist, ()])],
-                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
-    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index,
-                entries=[("single", "Application() (class)", "Application", "", None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, domain="js", objtype="class", no_index=False)
-
-
-def test_js_data(app):
-    text = ".. js:data:: name"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, ([desc_sig_name, "name"])])],
-                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
-    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index,
-                entries=[("single", "name (global variable or constant)", "name", "", None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, domain="js", objtype="data", no_index=False)
-
-
-def test_no_index_entry(app):
-    text = (".. js:function:: f()\n"
-            ".. js:function:: g()\n"
-            "   :no-index-entry:\n")
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index, desc, addnodes.index, desc))
-    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'f() (built-in function)', 'f', '', None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[2], addnodes.index, entries=[])
-
-
-def test_module_content_line_number(app):
-    text = (".. js:module:: foo\n" +
-            "\n" +
-            "   Some link here: :ref:`abc`\n")
-    doc = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    xrefs = list(doc.findall(condition=addnodes.pending_xref))
-    assert len(xrefs) == 1
-    source, line = docutils.utils.get_source_line(xrefs[0])
-    assert 'index.rst' in source
-    assert line == 3
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
-    'javascript_maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name)"),
-})
-def test_jsfunction_signature_with_javascript_maximum_signature_line_length_equal(app):
-    text = ".. js:function:: hello(name)"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        addnodes.index,
-        [desc, (
-            [desc_signature, (
-                [desc_name, ([desc_sig_name, "hello"])],
-                desc_parameterlist,
-            )],
-            desc_content,
-        )],
-    ))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], desc, desctype="function",
-                domain="js", objtype="function", no_index=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
-                [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "name"])])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
-    'javascript_maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name)"),
-})
-def test_jsfunction_signature_with_javascript_maximum_signature_line_length_force_single(app):
-    text = (".. js:function:: hello(names)\n"
-            "   :single-line-parameter-list:")
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        addnodes.index,
-        [desc, (
-            [desc_signature, (
-                [desc_name, ([desc_sig_name, "hello"])],
-                desc_parameterlist,
-            )],
-            desc_content,
-        )],
-    ))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], desc, desctype="function",
-                domain="js", objtype="function", no_index=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
-                [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "names"])])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
-    'javascript_maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name)"),
-})
-def test_jsfunction_signature_with_javascript_maximum_signature_line_length_break(app):
-    text = ".. js:function:: hello(names)"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        addnodes.index,
-        [desc, (
-            [desc_signature, (
-                [desc_name, ([desc_sig_name, "hello"])],
-                desc_parameterlist,
-            )],
-            desc_content,
-        )],
-    ))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], desc, desctype="function",
-                domain="js", objtype="function", no_index=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
-                [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "names"])])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=True)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
-    'maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name)"),
-})
-def test_jsfunction_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_equal(app):
-    text = ".. js:function:: hello(name)"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        addnodes.index,
-        [desc, (
-            [desc_signature, (
-                [desc_name, ([desc_sig_name, "hello"])],
-                desc_parameterlist,
-            )],
-            desc_content,
-        )],
-    ))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], desc, desctype="function",
-                domain="js", objtype="function", no_index=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
-                [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "name"])])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
-    'maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name)"),
-})
-def test_jsfunction_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_force_single(app):
-    text = (".. js:function:: hello(names)\n"
-            "   :single-line-parameter-list:")
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        addnodes.index,
-        [desc, (
-            [desc_signature, (
-                [desc_name, ([desc_sig_name, "hello"])],
-                desc_parameterlist,
-            )],
-            desc_content,
-        )],
-    ))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], desc, desctype="function",
-                domain="js", objtype="function", no_index=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
-                [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "names"])])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
-    'maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name)"),
-})
-def test_jsfunction_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_break(app):
-    text = ".. js:function:: hello(names)"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        addnodes.index,
-        [desc, (
-            [desc_signature, (
-                [desc_name, ([desc_sig_name, "hello"])],
-                desc_parameterlist,
-            )],
-            desc_content,
-        )],
-    ))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], desc, desctype="function",
-                domain="js", objtype="function", no_index=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
-                [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "names"])])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=True)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'html',
-    confoverrides={
-        'javascript_maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name)"),
-        'maximum_signature_line_length': 1,
-    },
-)
-def test_javascript_maximum_signature_line_length_overrides_global(app):
-    text = ".. js:function:: hello(name)"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    expected_doctree = (addnodes.index,
-                        [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, ([desc_sig_name, "hello"])],
-                                                  desc_parameterlist)],
-                                desc_content)])
-    assert_node(doctree, expected_doctree)
-    assert_node(doctree[1], desc, desctype="function",
-                domain="js", objtype="function", no_index=False)
-    expected_sig = [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, [desc_sig_name, "name"]]
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], expected_sig)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'html', testroot='domain-js-javascript_maximum_signature_line_length',
-)
-def test_domain_js_javascript_maximum_signature_line_length_in_html(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    expected_parameter_list_hello = """\
-
-<dl>
-<dd>\
-<em class="sig-param">\
-<span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span>\
-</em>,\
-</dd>
-</dl>
-
-<span class="sig-paren">)</span>\
-<a class="headerlink" href="#hello" title="Link to this definition">¶</a>\
-</dt>\
-"""
-    assert expected_parameter_list_hello in content
-
-    param_line_fmt = '<dd>{}</dd>\n'
-    param_name_fmt = (
-        '<em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">{}</span></span></em>'
-    )
-    optional_fmt = '<span class="optional">{}</span>'
-
-    expected_a = param_line_fmt.format(
-        optional_fmt.format("[") + param_name_fmt.format("a") + "," + optional_fmt.format("["),
-    )
-    assert expected_a in content
-
-    expected_b = param_line_fmt.format(
-        param_name_fmt.format("b") + "," + optional_fmt.format("]") + optional_fmt.format("]"),
-    )
-    assert expected_b in content
-
-    expected_c = param_line_fmt.format(param_name_fmt.format("c") + ",")
-    assert expected_c in content
-
-    expected_d = param_line_fmt.format(param_name_fmt.format("d") + optional_fmt.format("[") + ",")
-    assert expected_d in content
-
-    expected_e = param_line_fmt.format(param_name_fmt.format("e") + ",")
-    assert expected_e in content
-
-    expected_f = param_line_fmt.format(param_name_fmt.format("f") + "," + optional_fmt.format("]"))
-    assert expected_f in content
-
-    expected_parameter_list_foo = """\
-
-<dl>
-{}{}{}{}{}{}</dl>
-
-<span class="sig-paren">)</span>\
-<a class="headerlink" href="#foo" title="Link to this definition">¶</a>\
-</dt>\
-""".format(expected_a, expected_b, expected_c, expected_d, expected_e, expected_f)
-    assert expected_parameter_list_foo in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'text', testroot='domain-js-javascript_maximum_signature_line_length',
-)
-def test_domain_js_javascript_maximum_signature_line_length_in_text(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    param_line_fmt = STDINDENT * " " + "{}\n"
-
-    expected_parameter_list_hello = "(\n{})".format(param_line_fmt.format("name,"))
-
-    assert expected_parameter_list_hello in content
-
-    expected_a = param_line_fmt.format("[a,[")
-    assert expected_a in content
-
-    expected_b = param_line_fmt.format("b,]]")
-    assert expected_b in content
-
-    expected_c = param_line_fmt.format("c,")
-    assert expected_c in content
-
-    expected_d = param_line_fmt.format("d[,")
-    assert expected_d in content
-
-    expected_e = param_line_fmt.format("e,")
-    assert expected_e in content
-
-    expected_f = param_line_fmt.format("f,]")
-    assert expected_f in content
-
-    expected_parameter_list_foo = "(\n{}{}{}{}{}{})".format(
-        expected_a, expected_b, expected_c, expected_d, expected_e, expected_f,
-    )
-    assert expected_parameter_list_foo in content
diff --git a/tests/test_domain_py.py b/tests/test_domain_py.py
deleted file mode 100644
index c5a044b..0000000
--- a/tests/test_domain_py.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2123 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests the Python Domain"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import re
-from unittest.mock import Mock
-
-import docutils.utils
-import pytest
-from docutils import nodes
-
-from sphinx import addnodes
-from sphinx.addnodes import (
-    desc,
-    desc_addname,
-    desc_annotation,
-    desc_content,
-    desc_name,
-    desc_optional,
-    desc_parameter,
-    desc_parameterlist,
-    desc_returns,
-    desc_sig_keyword,
-    desc_sig_literal_number,
-    desc_sig_literal_string,
-    desc_sig_name,
-    desc_sig_operator,
-    desc_sig_punctuation,
-    desc_sig_space,
-    desc_signature,
-    desc_type_parameter,
-    desc_type_parameter_list,
-    pending_xref,
-)
-from sphinx.domains import IndexEntry
-from sphinx.domains.python import (
-    PythonDomain,
-    PythonModuleIndex,
-    _parse_annotation,
-    _pseudo_parse_arglist,
-    py_sig_re,
-)
-from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
-from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
-from sphinx.writers.text import STDINDENT
-
-
-def parse(sig):
-    m = py_sig_re.match(sig)
-    if m is None:
-        raise ValueError
-    name_prefix, tp_list, name, arglist, retann = m.groups()
-    signode = addnodes.desc_signature(sig, '')
-    _pseudo_parse_arglist(signode, arglist)
-    return signode.astext()
-
-
-def test_function_signatures():
-    rv = parse('func(a=1) -> int object')
-    assert rv == '(a=1)'
-
-    rv = parse('func(a=1, [b=None])')
-    assert rv == '(a=1, [b=None])'
-
-    rv = parse('func(a=1[, b=None])')
-    assert rv == '(a=1, [b=None])'
-
-    rv = parse("compile(source : string, filename, symbol='file')")
-    assert rv == "(source : string, filename, symbol='file')"
-
-    rv = parse('func(a=[], [b=None])')
-    assert rv == '(a=[], [b=None])'
-
-    rv = parse('func(a=[][, b=None])')
-    assert rv == '(a=[], [b=None])'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='domain-py')
-def test_domain_py_xrefs(app, status, warning):
-    """Domain objects have correct prefixes when looking up xrefs"""
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    def assert_refnode(node, module_name, class_name, target, reftype=None,
-                       domain='py'):
-        attributes = {
-            'refdomain': domain,
-            'reftarget': target,
-        }
-        if reftype is not None:
-            attributes['reftype'] = reftype
-        if module_name is not False:
-            attributes['py:module'] = module_name
-        if class_name is not False:
-            attributes['py:class'] = class_name
-        assert_node(node, **attributes)
-
-    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('roles')
-    refnodes = list(doctree.findall(pending_xref))
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[0], None, None, 'TopLevel', 'class')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[1], None, None, 'top_level', 'meth')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[2], None, 'NestedParentA', 'child_1', 'meth')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[3], None, 'NestedParentA', 'NestedChildA.subchild_2', 'meth')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[4], None, 'NestedParentA', 'child_2', 'meth')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[5], False, 'NestedParentA', 'any_child', domain='')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[6], None, 'NestedParentA', 'NestedChildA', 'class')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[7], None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'subchild_2', 'meth')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[8], None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA',
-                   'NestedParentA.child_1', 'meth')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[9], None, 'NestedParentA', 'NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'meth')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[10], None, 'NestedParentB', 'child_1', 'meth')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[11], None, 'NestedParentB', 'NestedParentB', 'class')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[12], None, None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'class')
-    assert len(refnodes) == 13
-
-    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('module')
-    refnodes = list(doctree.findall(pending_xref))
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[0], 'module_a.submodule', None,
-                   'ModTopLevel', 'class')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[1], 'module_a.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
-                   'mod_child_1', 'meth')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[2], 'module_a.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
-                   'ModTopLevel.mod_child_1', 'meth')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[3], 'module_a.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
-                   'mod_child_2', 'meth')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[4], 'module_a.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
-                   'module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.mod_child_1', 'meth')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[5], 'module_a.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
-                   'prop', 'attr')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[6], 'module_a.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
-                   'prop', 'meth')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[7], 'module_b.submodule', None,
-                   'ModTopLevel', 'class')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[8], 'module_b.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
-                   'ModNoModule', 'class')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[9], False, False, 'int', 'class')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[10], False, False, 'tuple', 'class')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[11], False, False, 'str', 'class')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[12], False, False, 'float', 'class')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[13], False, False, 'list', 'class')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[14], False, False, 'ModTopLevel', 'class')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[15], False, False, 'index', 'doc', domain='std')
-    assert len(refnodes) == 16
-
-    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('module_option')
-    refnodes = list(doctree.findall(pending_xref))
-    print(refnodes)
-    print(refnodes[0])
-    print(refnodes[1])
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[0], 'test.extra', 'B', 'foo', 'meth')
-    assert_refnode(refnodes[1], 'test.extra', 'B', 'foo', 'meth')
-    assert len(refnodes) == 2
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='domain-py')
-def test_domain_py_xrefs_abbreviations(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'abbr.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert re.search(r'normal: <a .* href="module.html#module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.'
-                     r'mod_child_1" .*><.*>module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.mod_child_1\(\)'
-                     r'<.*></a>',
-                     content)
-    assert re.search(r'relative: <a .* href="module.html#module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.'
-                     r'mod_child_1" .*><.*>ModTopLevel.mod_child_1\(\)<.*></a>',
-                     content)
-    assert re.search(r'short name: <a .* href="module.html#module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.'
-                     r'mod_child_1" .*><.*>mod_child_1\(\)<.*></a>',
-                     content)
-    assert re.search(r'relative \+ short name: <a .* href="module.html#module_a.submodule.'
-                     r'ModTopLevel.mod_child_1" .*><.*>mod_child_1\(\)<.*></a>',
-                     content)
-    assert re.search(r'short name \+ relative: <a .* href="module.html#module_a.submodule.'
-                     r'ModTopLevel.mod_child_1" .*><.*>mod_child_1\(\)<.*></a>',
-                     content)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='domain-py')
-def test_domain_py_objects(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    modules = app.env.domains['py'].data['modules']
-    objects = app.env.domains['py'].data['objects']
-
-    assert 'module_a.submodule' in modules
-    assert 'module_a.submodule' in objects
-    assert 'module_b.submodule' in modules
-    assert 'module_b.submodule' in objects
-
-    assert objects['module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel'][2] == 'class'
-    assert objects['module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.mod_child_1'][2] == 'method'
-    assert objects['module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.mod_child_2'][2] == 'method'
-    assert 'ModTopLevel.ModNoModule' not in objects
-    assert objects['ModNoModule'][2] == 'class'
-    assert objects['module_b.submodule.ModTopLevel'][2] == 'class'
-
-    assert objects['TopLevel'][2] == 'class'
-    assert objects['top_level'][2] == 'method'
-    assert objects['NestedParentA'][2] == 'class'
-    assert objects['NestedParentA.child_1'][2] == 'method'
-    assert objects['NestedParentA.any_child'][2] == 'method'
-    assert objects['NestedParentA.NestedChildA'][2] == 'class'
-    assert objects['NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1'][2] == 'method'
-    assert objects['NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_2'][2] == 'method'
-    assert objects['NestedParentA.child_2'][2] == 'method'
-    assert objects['NestedParentB'][2] == 'class'
-    assert objects['NestedParentB.child_1'][2] == 'method'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='domain-py')
-def test_resolve_xref_for_properties(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'module.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('Link to <a class="reference internal" href="#module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.prop"'
-            ' title="module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.prop">'
-            '<code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'
-            'prop</span> <span class="pre">attribute</span></code></a>' in content)
-    assert ('Link to <a class="reference internal" href="#module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.prop"'
-            ' title="module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.prop">'
-            '<code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'
-            'prop</span> <span class="pre">method</span></code></a>' in content)
-    assert ('Link to <a class="reference internal" href="#module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.prop"'
-            ' title="module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.prop">'
-            '<code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'
-            'prop</span> <span class="pre">attribute</span></code></a>' in content)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='domain-py')
-def test_domain_py_find_obj(app, status, warning):
-
-    def find_obj(modname, prefix, obj_name, obj_type, searchmode=0):
-        return app.env.domains['py'].find_obj(
-            app.env, modname, prefix, obj_name, obj_type, searchmode)
-
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    assert (find_obj(None, None, 'NONEXISTANT', 'class') == [])
-    assert (find_obj(None, None, 'NestedParentA', 'class') ==
-            [('NestedParentA', ('roles', 'NestedParentA', 'class', False))])
-    assert (find_obj(None, None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'class') ==
-            [('NestedParentA.NestedChildA',
-              ('roles', 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'class', False))])
-    assert (find_obj(None, 'NestedParentA', 'NestedChildA', 'class') ==
-            [('NestedParentA.NestedChildA',
-              ('roles', 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'class', False))])
-    assert (find_obj(None, None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'meth') ==
-            [('NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1',
-              ('roles', 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'method', False))])
-    assert (find_obj(None, 'NestedParentA', 'NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'meth') ==
-            [('NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1',
-              ('roles', 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'method', False))])
-    assert (find_obj(None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'subchild_1', 'meth') ==
-            [('NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1',
-              ('roles', 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'method', False))])
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='domain-py', freshenv=True)
-def test_domain_py_canonical(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'canonical.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('<a class="reference internal" href="#canonical.Foo" title="canonical.Foo">'
-            '<code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">'
-            '<span class="pre">Foo</span></code></a>' in content)
-    assert warning.getvalue() == ''
-
-
-def test_get_full_qualified_name():
-    env = Mock(domaindata={})
-    domain = PythonDomain(env)
-
-    # non-python references
-    node = nodes.reference()
-    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) is None
-
-    # simple reference
-    node = nodes.reference(reftarget='func')
-    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) == 'func'
-
-    # with py:module context
-    kwargs = {'py:module': 'module1'}
-    node = nodes.reference(reftarget='func', **kwargs)
-    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) == 'module1.func'
-
-    # with py:class context
-    kwargs = {'py:class': 'Class'}
-    node = nodes.reference(reftarget='func', **kwargs)
-    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) == 'Class.func'
-
-    # with both py:module and py:class context
-    kwargs = {'py:module': 'module1', 'py:class': 'Class'}
-    node = nodes.reference(reftarget='func', **kwargs)
-    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) == 'module1.Class.func'
-
-
-def test_parse_annotation(app):
-    doctree = _parse_annotation("int", app.env)
-    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "int"],))
-    assert_node(doctree[0], pending_xref, refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="int")
-
-    doctree = _parse_annotation("List[int]", app.env)
-    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "List"],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
-                          [pending_xref, "int"],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"]))
-
-    doctree = _parse_annotation("Tuple[int, int]", app.env)
-    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "Tuple"],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
-                          [pending_xref, "int"],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, ","],
-                          desc_sig_space,
-                          [pending_xref, "int"],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"]))
-
-    doctree = _parse_annotation("Tuple[()]", app.env)
-    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "Tuple"],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "("],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, ")"],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"]))
-
-    doctree = _parse_annotation("Tuple[int, ...]", app.env)
-    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "Tuple"],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
-                          [pending_xref, "int"],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, ","],
-                          desc_sig_space,
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "..."],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"]))
-
-    doctree = _parse_annotation("Callable[[int, int], int]", app.env)
-    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "Callable"],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
-                          [pending_xref, "int"],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, ","],
-                          desc_sig_space,
-                          [pending_xref, "int"],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, ","],
-                          desc_sig_space,
-                          [pending_xref, "int"],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"]))
-
-    doctree = _parse_annotation("Callable[[], int]", app.env)
-    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "Callable"],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, ","],
-                          desc_sig_space,
-                          [pending_xref, "int"],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"]))
-
-    doctree = _parse_annotation("List[None]", app.env)
-    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "List"],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
-                          [pending_xref, "None"],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"]))
-
-    # None type makes an object-reference (not a class reference)
-    doctree = _parse_annotation("None", app.env)
-    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "None"],))
-    assert_node(doctree[0], pending_xref, refdomain="py", reftype="obj", reftarget="None")
-
-    # Literal type makes an object-reference (not a class reference)
-    doctree = _parse_annotation("typing.Literal['a', 'b']", app.env)
-    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "Literal"],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
-                          [desc_sig_literal_string, "'a'"],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, ","],
-                          desc_sig_space,
-                          [desc_sig_literal_string, "'b'"],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"]))
-    assert_node(doctree[0], pending_xref, refdomain="py", reftype="obj", reftarget="typing.Literal")
-
-
-def test_parse_annotation_suppress(app):
-    doctree = _parse_annotation("~typing.Dict[str, str]", app.env)
-    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "Dict"],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
-                          [pending_xref, "str"],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, ","],
-                          desc_sig_space,
-                          [pending_xref, "str"],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"]))
-    assert_node(doctree[0], pending_xref, refdomain="py", reftype="obj", reftarget="typing.Dict")
-
-
-def test_parse_annotation_Literal(app):
-    doctree = _parse_annotation("Literal[True, False]", app.env)
-    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "Literal"],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
-                          [desc_sig_keyword, "True"],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, ","],
-                          desc_sig_space,
-                          [desc_sig_keyword, "False"],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"]))
-
-    doctree = _parse_annotation("typing.Literal[0, 1, 'abc']", app.env)
-    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "Literal"],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
-                          [desc_sig_literal_number, "0"],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, ","],
-                          desc_sig_space,
-                          [desc_sig_literal_number, "1"],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, ","],
-                          desc_sig_space,
-                          [desc_sig_literal_string, "'abc'"],
-                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"]))
-
-
-def test_pyfunction_signature(app):
-    text = ".. py:function:: hello(name: str) -> str"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "hello"],
-                                                    desc_parameterlist,
-                                                    [desc_returns, pending_xref, "str"])],
-                                  desc_content)]))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
-                domain="py", objtype="function", no_index=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
-                [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "name"],
-                                                      [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
-                                                      desc_sig_space,
-                                                      [nodes.inline, pending_xref, "str"])])
-
-
-def test_pyfunction_signature_full(app):
-    text = (".. py:function:: hello(a: str, b = 1, *args: str, "
-            "c: bool = True, d: tuple = (1, 2), **kwargs: str) -> str")
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "hello"],
-                                                    desc_parameterlist,
-                                                    [desc_returns, pending_xref, "str"])],
-                                  desc_content)]))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
-                domain="py", objtype="function", no_index=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
-                [desc_parameterlist, ([desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "a"],
-                                                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
-                                                        desc_sig_space,
-                                                        [desc_sig_name, pending_xref, "str"])],
-                                      [desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "b"],
-                                                        [desc_sig_operator, "="],
-                                                        [nodes.inline, "1"])],
-                                      [desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_operator, "*"],
-                                                        [desc_sig_name, "args"],
-                                                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
-                                                        desc_sig_space,
-                                                        [desc_sig_name, pending_xref, "str"])],
-                                      [desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "c"],
-                                                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
-                                                        desc_sig_space,
-                                                        [desc_sig_name, pending_xref, "bool"],
-                                                        desc_sig_space,
-                                                        [desc_sig_operator, "="],
-                                                        desc_sig_space,
-                                                        [nodes.inline, "True"])],
-                                      [desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "d"],
-                                                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
-                                                        desc_sig_space,
-                                                        [desc_sig_name, pending_xref, "tuple"],
-                                                        desc_sig_space,
-                                                        [desc_sig_operator, "="],
-                                                        desc_sig_space,
-                                                        [nodes.inline, "(1, 2)"])],
-                                      [desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_operator, "**"],
-                                                        [desc_sig_name, "kwargs"],
-                                                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
-                                                        desc_sig_space,
-                                                        [desc_sig_name, pending_xref, "str"])])])
-    # case: separator at head
-    text = ".. py:function:: hello(*, a)"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
-                [desc_parameterlist, ([desc_parameter, nodes.inline, "*"],
-                                      [desc_parameter, desc_sig_name, "a"])])
-
-    # case: separator in the middle
-    text = ".. py:function:: hello(a, /, b, *, c)"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
-                [desc_parameterlist, ([desc_parameter, desc_sig_name, "a"],
-                                      [desc_parameter, desc_sig_operator, "/"],
-                                      [desc_parameter, desc_sig_name, "b"],
-                                      [desc_parameter, desc_sig_operator, "*"],
-                                      [desc_parameter, desc_sig_name, "c"])])
-
-    # case: separator in the middle (2)
-    text = ".. py:function:: hello(a, /, *, b)"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
-                [desc_parameterlist, ([desc_parameter, desc_sig_name, "a"],
-                                      [desc_parameter, desc_sig_operator, "/"],
-                                      [desc_parameter, desc_sig_operator, "*"],
-                                      [desc_parameter, desc_sig_name, "b"])])
-
-    # case: separator at tail
-    text = ".. py:function:: hello(a, /)"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
-                [desc_parameterlist, ([desc_parameter, desc_sig_name, "a"],
-                                      [desc_parameter, desc_sig_operator, "/"])])
-
-
-def test_pyfunction_with_unary_operators(app):
-    text = ".. py:function:: menu(egg=+1, bacon=-1, sausage=~1, spam=not spam)"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
-                [desc_parameterlist, ([desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "egg"],
-                                                        [desc_sig_operator, "="],
-                                                        [nodes.inline, "+1"])],
-                                      [desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "bacon"],
-                                                        [desc_sig_operator, "="],
-                                                        [nodes.inline, "-1"])],
-                                      [desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "sausage"],
-                                                        [desc_sig_operator, "="],
-                                                        [nodes.inline, "~1"])],
-                                      [desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "spam"],
-                                                        [desc_sig_operator, "="],
-                                                        [nodes.inline, "not spam"])])])
-
-
-def test_pyfunction_with_binary_operators(app):
-    text = ".. py:function:: menu(spam=2**64)"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
-                [desc_parameterlist, ([desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "spam"],
-                                                        [desc_sig_operator, "="],
-                                                        [nodes.inline, "2**64"])])])
-
-
-def test_pyfunction_with_number_literals(app):
-    text = ".. py:function:: hello(age=0x10, height=1_6_0)"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
-                [desc_parameterlist, ([desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "age"],
-                                                        [desc_sig_operator, "="],
-                                                        [nodes.inline, "0x10"])],
-                                      [desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "height"],
-                                                        [desc_sig_operator, "="],
-                                                        [nodes.inline, "1_6_0"])])])
-
-
-def test_pyfunction_with_union_type_operator(app):
-    text = ".. py:function:: hello(age: int | None)"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
-                [desc_parameterlist, ([desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "age"],
-                                                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
-                                                        desc_sig_space,
-                                                        [desc_sig_name, ([pending_xref, "int"],
-                                                                         desc_sig_space,
-                                                                         [desc_sig_punctuation, "|"],
-                                                                         desc_sig_space,
-                                                                         [pending_xref, "None"])])])])
-
-
-def test_optional_pyfunction_signature(app):
-    text = ".. py:function:: compile(source [, filename [, symbol]]) -> ast object"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "compile"],
-                                                    desc_parameterlist,
-                                                    [desc_returns, pending_xref, "ast object"])],
-                                  desc_content)]))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
-                domain="py", objtype="function", no_index=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
-                ([desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "source"])],
-                 [desc_optional, ([desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "filename"])],
-                                  [desc_optional, desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "symbol"])])]))
-
-
-def test_pyexception_signature(app):
-    text = ".. py:exception:: builtins.IOError"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ('exception', desc_sig_space)],
-                                                    [desc_addname, "builtins."],
-                                                    [desc_name, "IOError"])],
-                                  desc_content)]))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], desc, desctype="exception",
-                domain="py", objtype="exception", no_index=False)
-
-
-def test_pydata_signature(app):
-    text = (".. py:data:: version\n"
-            "   :type: int\n"
-            "   :value: 1\n")
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "version"],
-                                                    [desc_annotation, ([desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
-                                                                       desc_sig_space,
-                                                                       [pending_xref, "int"])],
-                                                    [desc_annotation, (
-                                                        desc_sig_space,
-                                                        [desc_sig_punctuation, '='],
-                                                        desc_sig_space,
-                                                        "1")],
-                                                    )],
-                                  desc_content)]))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="data",
-                domain="py", objtype="data", no_index=False)
-
-
-def test_pydata_signature_old(app):
-    text = (".. py:data:: version\n"
-            "   :annotation: = 1\n")
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "version"],
-                                                    [desc_annotation, (desc_sig_space,
-                                                                       "= 1")])],
-                                  desc_content)]))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="data",
-                domain="py", objtype="data", no_index=False)
-
-
-def test_pydata_with_union_type_operator(app):
-    text = (".. py:data:: version\n"
-            "   :type: int | str")
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0],
-                ([desc_name, "version"],
-                 [desc_annotation, ([desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
-                                    desc_sig_space,
-                                    [pending_xref, "int"],
-                                    desc_sig_space,
-                                    [desc_sig_punctuation, "|"],
-                                    desc_sig_space,
-                                    [pending_xref, "str"])]))
-
-
-def test_pyobject_prefix(app):
-    text = (".. py:class:: Foo\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   .. py:method:: Foo.say\n"
-            "   .. py:method:: FooBar.say")
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ('class', desc_sig_space)],
-                                                    [desc_name, "Foo"])],
-                                  [desc_content, (addnodes.index,
-                                                  desc,
-                                                  addnodes.index,
-                                                  desc)])]))
-    assert doctree[1][1][1].astext().strip() == 'say()'           # prefix is stripped
-    assert doctree[1][1][3].astext().strip() == 'FooBar.say()'    # not stripped
-
-
-def test_pydata(app):
-    text = (".. py:module:: example\n"
-            ".. py:data:: var\n"
-            "   :type: int\n")
-    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          addnodes.index,
-                          nodes.target,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_addname, "example."],
-                                                    [desc_name, "var"],
-                                                    [desc_annotation, ([desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
-                                                                       desc_sig_space,
-                                                                       [pending_xref, "int"])])],
-                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
-    assert_node(doctree[3][0][2][2], pending_xref, **{"py:module": "example"})
-    assert 'example.var' in domain.objects
-    assert domain.objects['example.var'] == ('index', 'example.var', 'data', False)
-
-
-def test_pyfunction(app):
-    text = (".. py:function:: func1\n"
-            ".. py:module:: example\n"
-            ".. py:function:: func2\n"
-            "   :async:\n")
-    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "func1"],
-                                                    [desc_parameterlist, ()])],
-                                  [desc_content, ()])],
-                          addnodes.index,
-                          addnodes.index,
-                          nodes.target,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ([desc_sig_keyword, 'async'],
-                                                                       desc_sig_space)],
-                                                    [desc_addname, "example."],
-                                                    [desc_name, "func2"],
-                                                    [desc_parameterlist, ()])],
-                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
-    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index,
-                entries=[('pair', 'built-in function; func1()', 'func1', '', None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[2], addnodes.index,
-                entries=[('pair', 'module; example', 'module-example', '', None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[3], addnodes.index,
-                entries=[('single', 'func2() (in module example)', 'example.func2', '', None)])
-
-    assert 'func1' in domain.objects
-    assert domain.objects['func1'] == ('index', 'func1', 'function', False)
-    assert 'example.func2' in domain.objects
-    assert domain.objects['example.func2'] == ('index', 'example.func2', 'function', False)
-
-
-def test_pyclass_options(app):
-    text = (".. py:class:: Class1\n"
-            ".. py:class:: Class2\n"
-            "   :final:\n")
-    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space)],
-                                                    [desc_name, "Class1"])],
-                                  [desc_content, ()])],
-                          addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("final",
-                                                                       desc_sig_space,
-                                                                       "class",
-                                                                       desc_sig_space)],
-                                                    [desc_name, "Class2"])],
-                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
-
-    # class
-    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index,
-                entries=[('single', 'Class1 (built-in class)', 'Class1', '', None)])
-    assert 'Class1' in domain.objects
-    assert domain.objects['Class1'] == ('index', 'Class1', 'class', False)
-
-    # :final:
-    assert_node(doctree[2], addnodes.index,
-                entries=[('single', 'Class2 (built-in class)', 'Class2', '', None)])
-    assert 'Class2' in domain.objects
-    assert domain.objects['Class2'] == ('index', 'Class2', 'class', False)
-
-
-def test_pymethod_options(app):
-    text = (".. py:class:: Class\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   .. py:method:: meth1\n"
-            "   .. py:method:: meth2\n"
-            "      :classmethod:\n"
-            "   .. py:method:: meth3\n"
-            "      :staticmethod:\n"
-            "   .. py:method:: meth4\n"
-            "      :async:\n"
-            "   .. py:method:: meth5\n"
-            "      :abstractmethod:\n"
-            "   .. py:method:: meth6\n"
-            "      :final:\n")
-    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space)],
-                                                    [desc_name, "Class"])],
-                                  [desc_content, (addnodes.index,
-                                                  desc,
-                                                  addnodes.index,
-                                                  desc,
-                                                  addnodes.index,
-                                                  desc,
-                                                  addnodes.index,
-                                                  desc,
-                                                  addnodes.index,
-                                                  desc,
-                                                  addnodes.index,
-                                                  desc)])]))
-
-    # method
-    assert_node(doctree[1][1][0], addnodes.index,
-                entries=[('single', 'meth1() (Class method)', 'Class.meth1', '', None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][1][1], ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "meth1"],
-                                                     [desc_parameterlist, ()])],
-                                   [desc_content, ()]))
-    assert 'Class.meth1' in domain.objects
-    assert domain.objects['Class.meth1'] == ('index', 'Class.meth1', 'method', False)
-
-    # :classmethod:
-    assert_node(doctree[1][1][2], addnodes.index,
-                entries=[('single', 'meth2() (Class class method)', 'Class.meth2', '', None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][1][3], ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("classmethod", desc_sig_space)],
-                                                     [desc_name, "meth2"],
-                                                     [desc_parameterlist, ()])],
-                                   [desc_content, ()]))
-    assert 'Class.meth2' in domain.objects
-    assert domain.objects['Class.meth2'] == ('index', 'Class.meth2', 'method', False)
-
-    # :staticmethod:
-    assert_node(doctree[1][1][4], addnodes.index,
-                entries=[('single', 'meth3() (Class static method)', 'Class.meth3', '', None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][1][5], ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("static", desc_sig_space)],
-                                                     [desc_name, "meth3"],
-                                                     [desc_parameterlist, ()])],
-                                   [desc_content, ()]))
-    assert 'Class.meth3' in domain.objects
-    assert domain.objects['Class.meth3'] == ('index', 'Class.meth3', 'method', False)
-
-    # :async:
-    assert_node(doctree[1][1][6], addnodes.index,
-                entries=[('single', 'meth4() (Class method)', 'Class.meth4', '', None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][1][7], ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("async", desc_sig_space)],
-                                                     [desc_name, "meth4"],
-                                                     [desc_parameterlist, ()])],
-                                   [desc_content, ()]))
-    assert 'Class.meth4' in domain.objects
-    assert domain.objects['Class.meth4'] == ('index', 'Class.meth4', 'method', False)
-
-    # :abstractmethod:
-    assert_node(doctree[1][1][8], addnodes.index,
-                entries=[('single', 'meth5() (Class method)', 'Class.meth5', '', None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][1][9], ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("abstract", desc_sig_space)],
-                                                     [desc_name, "meth5"],
-                                                     [desc_parameterlist, ()])],
-                                   [desc_content, ()]))
-    assert 'Class.meth5' in domain.objects
-    assert domain.objects['Class.meth5'] == ('index', 'Class.meth5', 'method', False)
-
-    # :final:
-    assert_node(doctree[1][1][10], addnodes.index,
-                entries=[('single', 'meth6() (Class method)', 'Class.meth6', '', None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][1][11], ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("final", desc_sig_space)],
-                                                      [desc_name, "meth6"],
-                                                      [desc_parameterlist, ()])],
-                                    [desc_content, ()]))
-    assert 'Class.meth6' in domain.objects
-    assert domain.objects['Class.meth6'] == ('index', 'Class.meth6', 'method', False)
-
-
-def test_pyclassmethod(app):
-    text = (".. py:class:: Class\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   .. py:classmethod:: meth\n")
-    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space)],
-                                                    [desc_name, "Class"])],
-                                  [desc_content, (addnodes.index,
-                                                  desc)])]))
-    assert_node(doctree[1][1][0], addnodes.index,
-                entries=[('single', 'meth() (Class class method)', 'Class.meth', '', None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][1][1], ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("classmethod", desc_sig_space)],
-                                                     [desc_name, "meth"],
-                                                     [desc_parameterlist, ()])],
-                                   [desc_content, ()]))
-    assert 'Class.meth' in domain.objects
-    assert domain.objects['Class.meth'] == ('index', 'Class.meth', 'method', False)
-
-
-def test_pystaticmethod(app):
-    text = (".. py:class:: Class\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   .. py:staticmethod:: meth\n")
-    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space)],
-                                                    [desc_name, "Class"])],
-                                  [desc_content, (addnodes.index,
-                                                  desc)])]))
-    assert_node(doctree[1][1][0], addnodes.index,
-                entries=[('single', 'meth() (Class static method)', 'Class.meth', '', None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][1][1], ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("static", desc_sig_space)],
-                                                     [desc_name, "meth"],
-                                                     [desc_parameterlist, ()])],
-                                   [desc_content, ()]))
-    assert 'Class.meth' in domain.objects
-    assert domain.objects['Class.meth'] == ('index', 'Class.meth', 'method', False)
-
-
-def test_pyattribute(app):
-    text = (".. py:class:: Class\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   .. py:attribute:: attr\n"
-            "      :type: Optional[str]\n"
-            "      :value: ''\n")
-    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space)],
-                                                    [desc_name, "Class"])],
-                                  [desc_content, (addnodes.index,
-                                                  desc)])]))
-    assert_node(doctree[1][1][0], addnodes.index,
-                entries=[('single', 'attr (Class attribute)', 'Class.attr', '', None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][1][1], ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "attr"],
-                                                     [desc_annotation, ([desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
-                                                                        desc_sig_space,
-                                                                        [pending_xref, "str"],
-                                                                        desc_sig_space,
-                                                                        [desc_sig_punctuation, "|"],
-                                                                        desc_sig_space,
-                                                                        [pending_xref, "None"])],
-                                                     [desc_annotation, (desc_sig_space,
-                                                                        [desc_sig_punctuation, '='],
-                                                                        desc_sig_space,
-                                                                        "''")],
-                                                     )],
-                                   [desc_content, ()]))
-    assert_node(doctree[1][1][1][0][1][2], pending_xref, **{"py:class": "Class"})
-    assert_node(doctree[1][1][1][0][1][6], pending_xref, **{"py:class": "Class"})
-    assert 'Class.attr' in domain.objects
-    assert domain.objects['Class.attr'] == ('index', 'Class.attr', 'attribute', False)
-
-
-def test_pyproperty(app):
-    text = (".. py:class:: Class\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   .. py:property:: prop1\n"
-            "      :abstractmethod:\n"
-            "      :type: str\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   .. py:property:: prop2\n"
-            "      :classmethod:\n"
-            "      :type: str\n")
-    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space)],
-                                                    [desc_name, "Class"])],
-                                  [desc_content, (addnodes.index,
-                                                  desc,
-                                                  addnodes.index,
-                                                  desc)])]))
-    assert_node(doctree[1][1][0], addnodes.index,
-                entries=[('single', 'prop1 (Class property)', 'Class.prop1', '', None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][1][1], ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("abstract", desc_sig_space,
-                                                                        "property", desc_sig_space)],
-                                                     [desc_name, "prop1"],
-                                                     [desc_annotation, ([desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
-                                                                        desc_sig_space,
-                                                                        [pending_xref, "str"])])],
-                                   [desc_content, ()]))
-    assert_node(doctree[1][1][2], addnodes.index,
-                entries=[('single', 'prop2 (Class property)', 'Class.prop2', '', None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][1][3], ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space,
-                                                                        "property", desc_sig_space)],
-                                                     [desc_name, "prop2"],
-                                                     [desc_annotation, ([desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
-                                                                        desc_sig_space,
-                                                                        [pending_xref, "str"])])],
-                                   [desc_content, ()]))
-    assert 'Class.prop1' in domain.objects
-    assert domain.objects['Class.prop1'] == ('index', 'Class.prop1', 'property', False)
-    assert 'Class.prop2' in domain.objects
-    assert domain.objects['Class.prop2'] == ('index', 'Class.prop2', 'property', False)
-
-
-def test_pydecorator_signature(app):
-    text = ".. py:decorator:: deco"
-    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_addname, "@"],
-                                                    [desc_name, "deco"])],
-                                  desc_content)]))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
-                domain="py", objtype="function", no_index=False)
-
-    assert 'deco' in domain.objects
-    assert domain.objects['deco'] == ('index', 'deco', 'function', False)
-
-
-def test_pydecoratormethod_signature(app):
-    text = ".. py:decoratormethod:: deco"
-    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_addname, "@"],
-                                                    [desc_name, "deco"])],
-                                  desc_content)]))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="method",
-                domain="py", objtype="method", no_index=False)
-
-    assert 'deco' in domain.objects
-    assert domain.objects['deco'] == ('index', 'deco', 'method', False)
-
-
-def test_canonical(app):
-    text = (".. py:class:: io.StringIO\n"
-            "   :canonical: _io.StringIO")
-    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space)],
-                                                    [desc_addname, "io."],
-                                                    [desc_name, "StringIO"])],
-                                  desc_content)]))
-    assert 'io.StringIO' in domain.objects
-    assert domain.objects['io.StringIO'] == ('index', 'io.StringIO', 'class', False)
-    assert domain.objects['_io.StringIO'] == ('index', 'io.StringIO', 'class', True)
-
-
-def test_canonical_definition_overrides(app, warning):
-    text = (".. py:class:: io.StringIO\n"
-            "   :canonical: _io.StringIO\n"
-            ".. py:class:: _io.StringIO\n")
-    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert warning.getvalue() == ""
-
-    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
-    assert domain.objects['_io.StringIO'] == ('index', 'id0', 'class', False)
-
-
-def test_canonical_definition_skip(app, warning):
-    text = (".. py:class:: _io.StringIO\n"
-            ".. py:class:: io.StringIO\n"
-            "   :canonical: _io.StringIO\n")
-
-    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert warning.getvalue() == ""
-
-    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
-    assert domain.objects['_io.StringIO'] == ('index', 'io.StringIO', 'class', False)
-
-
-def test_canonical_duplicated(app, warning):
-    text = (".. py:class:: mypackage.StringIO\n"
-            "   :canonical: _io.StringIO\n"
-            ".. py:class:: io.StringIO\n"
-            "   :canonical: _io.StringIO\n")
-
-    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert warning.getvalue() != ""
-
-
-def test_info_field_list(app):
-    text = (".. py:module:: example\n"
-            ".. py:class:: Class\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   :meta blah: this meta-field must not show up in the toc-tree\n"
-            "   :param str name: blah blah\n"
-            "   :meta another meta field:\n"
-            "   :param age: blah blah\n"
-            "   :type age: int\n"
-            "   :param items: blah blah\n"
-            "   :type items: Tuple[str, ...]\n"
-            "   :param Dict[str, str] params: blah blah\n")
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    print(doctree)
-
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          addnodes.index,
-                          nodes.target,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space)],
-                                                    [desc_addname, "example."],
-                                                    [desc_name, "Class"])],
-                                  [desc_content, nodes.field_list, nodes.field])]))
-    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0],
-                ([nodes.field_name, "Parameters"],
-                 [nodes.field_body, nodes.bullet_list, ([nodes.list_item, nodes.paragraph],
-                                                        [nodes.list_item, nodes.paragraph],
-                                                        [nodes.list_item, nodes.paragraph],
-                                                        [nodes.list_item, nodes.paragraph])]))
-
-    # :param str name:
-    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][0][0],
-                ([addnodes.literal_strong, "name"],
-                 " (",
-                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "str"],
-                 ")",
-                 " -- ",
-                 "blah blah"))
-    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][0][0][2], pending_xref,
-                refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="str",
-                **{"py:module": "example", "py:class": "Class"})
-
-    # :param age: + :type age:
-    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][1][0],
-                ([addnodes.literal_strong, "age"],
-                 " (",
-                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "int"],
-                 ")",
-                 " -- ",
-                 "blah blah"))
-    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][1][0][2], pending_xref,
-                refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="int",
-                **{"py:module": "example", "py:class": "Class"})
-
-    # :param items: + :type items:
-    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][2][0],
-                ([addnodes.literal_strong, "items"],
-                 " (",
-                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "Tuple"],
-                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, "["],
-                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "str"],
-                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, ", "],
-                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, "..."],
-                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, "]"],
-                 ")",
-                 " -- ",
-                 "blah blah"))
-    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][2][0][2], pending_xref,
-                refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="Tuple",
-                **{"py:module": "example", "py:class": "Class"})
-    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][2][0][4], pending_xref,
-                refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="str",
-                **{"py:module": "example", "py:class": "Class"})
-
-    # :param Dict[str, str] params:
-    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][3][0],
-                ([addnodes.literal_strong, "params"],
-                 " (",
-                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "Dict"],
-                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, "["],
-                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "str"],
-                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, ", "],
-                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "str"],
-                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, "]"],
-                 ")",
-                 " -- ",
-                 "blah blah"))
-    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][3][0][2], pending_xref,
-                refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="Dict",
-                **{"py:module": "example", "py:class": "Class"})
-    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][3][0][4], pending_xref,
-                refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="str",
-                **{"py:module": "example", "py:class": "Class"})
-    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][3][0][6], pending_xref,
-                refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="str",
-                **{"py:module": "example", "py:class": "Class"})
-
-
-def test_info_field_list_piped_type(app):
-    text = (".. py:module:: example\n"
-            ".. py:class:: Class\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   :param age: blah blah\n"
-            "   :type age: int | str\n")
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-
-    assert_node(doctree,
-                (addnodes.index,
-                 addnodes.index,
-                 nodes.target,
-                 [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space)],
-                                           [desc_addname, "example."],
-                                           [desc_name, "Class"])],
-                         [desc_content, nodes.field_list, nodes.field, (nodes.field_name,
-                                                                        nodes.field_body)])]))
-    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1],
-                ([nodes.paragraph, ([addnodes.literal_strong, "age"],
-                                    " (",
-                                    [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "int"],
-                                    [addnodes.literal_emphasis, " | "],
-                                    [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "str"],
-                                    ")",
-                                    " -- ",
-                                    "blah blah")],))
-    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][2], pending_xref,
-                refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="int",
-                **{"py:module": "example", "py:class": "Class"})
-    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][4], pending_xref,
-                refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="str",
-                **{"py:module": "example", "py:class": "Class"})
-
-
-def test_info_field_list_Literal(app):
-    text = (".. py:module:: example\n"
-            ".. py:class:: Class\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   :param age: blah blah\n"
-            "   :type age: Literal['foo', 'bar', 'baz']\n")
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-
-    assert_node(doctree,
-                (addnodes.index,
-                 addnodes.index,
-                 nodes.target,
-                 [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space)],
-                                           [desc_addname, "example."],
-                                           [desc_name, "Class"])],
-                         [desc_content, nodes.field_list, nodes.field, (nodes.field_name,
-                                                                        nodes.field_body)])]))
-    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1],
-                ([nodes.paragraph, ([addnodes.literal_strong, "age"],
-                                    " (",
-                                    [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "Literal"],
-                                    [addnodes.literal_emphasis, "["],
-                                    [addnodes.literal_emphasis, "'foo'"],
-                                    [addnodes.literal_emphasis, ", "],
-                                    [addnodes.literal_emphasis, "'bar'"],
-                                    [addnodes.literal_emphasis, ", "],
-                                    [addnodes.literal_emphasis, "'baz'"],
-                                    [addnodes.literal_emphasis, "]"],
-                                    ")",
-                                    " -- ",
-                                    "blah blah")],))
-    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][2], pending_xref,
-                refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="Literal",
-                **{"py:module": "example", "py:class": "Class"})
-
-
-def test_info_field_list_var(app):
-    text = (".. py:class:: Class\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   :var int attr: blah blah\n")
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, (desc_signature,
-                                  [desc_content, nodes.field_list, nodes.field])]))
-    assert_node(doctree[1][1][0][0], ([nodes.field_name, "Variables"],
-                                      [nodes.field_body, nodes.paragraph]))
-
-    # :var int attr:
-    assert_node(doctree[1][1][0][0][1][0],
-                ([addnodes.literal_strong, "attr"],
-                 " (",
-                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "int"],
-                 ")",
-                 " -- ",
-                 "blah blah"))
-    assert_node(doctree[1][1][0][0][1][0][2], pending_xref,
-                refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="int", **{"py:class": "Class"})
-
-
-def test_info_field_list_napoleon_deliminator_of(app):
-    text = (".. py:module:: example\n"
-            ".. py:class:: Class\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   :param list_str_var: example description.\n"
-            "   :type list_str_var: list of str\n"
-            "   :param tuple_int_var: example description.\n"
-            "   :type tuple_int_var: tuple of tuple of int\n"
-            )
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-
-    # :param list of str list_str_var:
-    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][0][0],
-                ([addnodes.literal_strong, "list_str_var"],
-                 " (",
-                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "list"],
-                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, " of "],
-                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "str"],
-                 ")",
-                 " -- ",
-                 "example description."))
-
-    # :param tuple of tuple of int tuple_int_var:
-    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][1][0],
-                ([addnodes.literal_strong, "tuple_int_var"],
-                 " (",
-                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "tuple"],
-                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, " of "],
-                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "tuple"],
-                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, " of "],
-                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "int"],
-                 ")",
-                 " -- ",
-                 "example description."))
-
-
-def test_info_field_list_napoleon_deliminator_or(app):
-    text = (".. py:module:: example\n"
-            ".. py:class:: Class\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   :param bool_str_var: example description.\n"
-            "   :type bool_str_var: bool or str\n"
-            "   :param str_float_int_var: example description.\n"
-            "   :type str_float_int_var: str or float or int\n"
-            )
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-
-    # :param bool or str bool_str_var:
-    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][0][0],
-                ([addnodes.literal_strong, "bool_str_var"],
-                 " (",
-                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "bool"],
-                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, " or "],
-                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "str"],
-                 ")",
-                 " -- ",
-                 "example description."))
-
-    # :param str or float or int str_float_int_var:
-    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][1][0],
-                ([addnodes.literal_strong, "str_float_int_var"],
-                 " (",
-                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "str"],
-                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, " or "],
-                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "float"],
-                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, " or "],
-                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "int"],
-                 ")",
-                 " -- ",
-                 "example description."))
-
-
-def test_type_field(app):
-    text = (".. py:data:: var1\n"
-            "   :type: .int\n"
-            ".. py:data:: var2\n"
-            "   :type: ~builtins.int\n"
-            ".. py:data:: var3\n"
-            "   :type: typing.Optional[typing.Tuple[int, typing.Any]]\n")
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "var1"],
-                                                    [desc_annotation, ([desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
-                                                                       desc_sig_space,
-                                                                       [pending_xref, "int"])])],
-                                  [desc_content, ()])],
-                          addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "var2"],
-                                                    [desc_annotation, ([desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
-                                                                       desc_sig_space,
-                                                                       [pending_xref, "int"])])],
-                                  [desc_content, ()])],
-                          addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "var3"],
-                                                    [desc_annotation, ([desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
-                                                                       desc_sig_space,
-                                                                       [pending_xref, "Optional"],
-                                                                       [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
-                                                                       [pending_xref, "Tuple"],
-                                                                       [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
-                                                                       [pending_xref, "int"],
-                                                                       [desc_sig_punctuation, ","],
-                                                                       desc_sig_space,
-                                                                       [pending_xref, "Any"],
-                                                                       [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"],
-                                                                       [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"])])],
-                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1][2], pending_xref, reftarget='int', refspecific=True)
-    assert_node(doctree[3][0][1][2], pending_xref, reftarget='builtins.int', refspecific=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[5][0][1][2], pending_xref, reftarget='typing.Optional', refspecific=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[5][0][1][4], pending_xref, reftarget='typing.Tuple', refspecific=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[5][0][1][6], pending_xref, reftarget='int', refspecific=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[5][0][1][9], pending_xref, reftarget='typing.Any', refspecific=False)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(freshenv=True)
-def test_module_index(app):
-    text = (".. py:module:: docutils\n"
-            ".. py:module:: sphinx\n"
-            ".. py:module:: sphinx.config\n"
-            ".. py:module:: sphinx.builders\n"
-            ".. py:module:: sphinx.builders.html\n"
-            ".. py:module:: sphinx_intl\n")
-    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    index = PythonModuleIndex(app.env.get_domain('py'))
-    assert index.generate() == (
-        [('d', [IndexEntry('docutils', 0, 'index', 'module-docutils', '', '', '')]),
-         ('s', [IndexEntry('sphinx', 1, 'index', 'module-sphinx', '', '', ''),
-                IndexEntry('sphinx.builders', 2, 'index', 'module-sphinx.builders', '', '', ''),
-                IndexEntry('sphinx.builders.html', 2, 'index', 'module-sphinx.builders.html', '', '', ''),
-                IndexEntry('sphinx.config', 2, 'index', 'module-sphinx.config', '', '', ''),
-                IndexEntry('sphinx_intl', 0, 'index', 'module-sphinx_intl', '', '', '')])],
-        False,
-    )
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(freshenv=True)
-def test_module_index_submodule(app):
-    text = ".. py:module:: sphinx.config\n"
-    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    index = PythonModuleIndex(app.env.get_domain('py'))
-    assert index.generate() == (
-        [('s', [IndexEntry('sphinx', 1, '', '', '', '', ''),
-                IndexEntry('sphinx.config', 2, 'index', 'module-sphinx.config', '', '', '')])],
-        False,
-    )
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(freshenv=True)
-def test_module_index_not_collapsed(app):
-    text = (".. py:module:: docutils\n"
-            ".. py:module:: sphinx\n")
-    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    index = PythonModuleIndex(app.env.get_domain('py'))
-    assert index.generate() == (
-        [('d', [IndexEntry('docutils', 0, 'index', 'module-docutils', '', '', '')]),
-         ('s', [IndexEntry('sphinx', 0, 'index', 'module-sphinx', '', '', '')])],
-        True,
-    )
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(freshenv=True, confoverrides={'modindex_common_prefix': ['sphinx.']})
-def test_modindex_common_prefix(app):
-    text = (".. py:module:: docutils\n"
-            ".. py:module:: sphinx\n"
-            ".. py:module:: sphinx.config\n"
-            ".. py:module:: sphinx.builders\n"
-            ".. py:module:: sphinx.builders.html\n"
-            ".. py:module:: sphinx_intl\n")
-    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    index = PythonModuleIndex(app.env.get_domain('py'))
-    assert index.generate() == (
-        [('b', [IndexEntry('sphinx.builders', 1, 'index', 'module-sphinx.builders', '', '', ''),
-                IndexEntry('sphinx.builders.html', 2, 'index', 'module-sphinx.builders.html', '', '', '')]),
-         ('c', [IndexEntry('sphinx.config', 0, 'index', 'module-sphinx.config', '', '', '')]),
-         ('d', [IndexEntry('docutils', 0, 'index', 'module-docutils', '', '', '')]),
-         ('s', [IndexEntry('sphinx', 0, 'index', 'module-sphinx', '', '', ''),
-                IndexEntry('sphinx_intl', 0, 'index', 'module-sphinx_intl', '', '', '')])],
-        True,
-    )
-
-
-def test_no_index_entry(app):
-    text = (".. py:function:: f()\n"
-            ".. py:function:: g()\n"
-            "   :no-index-entry:\n")
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index, desc, addnodes.index, desc))
-    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index, entries=[('pair', 'built-in function; f()', 'f', '', None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[2], addnodes.index, entries=[])
-
-    text = (".. py:class:: f\n"
-            ".. py:class:: g\n"
-            "   :no-index-entry:\n")
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index, desc, addnodes.index, desc))
-    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'f (built-in class)', 'f', '', None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[2], addnodes.index, entries=[])
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='domain-py-python_use_unqualified_type_names')
-def test_python_python_use_unqualified_type_names(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('<span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="#foo.Name" title="foo.Name">'
-            '<span class="pre">Name</span></a></span>' in content)
-    assert '<span class="n"><span class="pre">foo.Age</span></span>' in content
-    assert ('<p><strong>name</strong> (<a class="reference internal" href="#foo.Name" '
-            'title="foo.Name"><em>Name</em></a>) – blah blah</p>' in content)
-    assert '<p><strong>age</strong> (<em>foo.Age</em>) – blah blah</p>' in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='domain-py-python_use_unqualified_type_names',
-                    confoverrides={'python_use_unqualified_type_names': False})
-def test_python_python_use_unqualified_type_names_disabled(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('<span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="#foo.Name" title="foo.Name">'
-            '<span class="pre">foo.Name</span></a></span>' in content)
-    assert '<span class="n"><span class="pre">foo.Age</span></span>' in content
-    assert ('<p><strong>name</strong> (<a class="reference internal" href="#foo.Name" '
-            'title="foo.Name"><em>foo.Name</em></a>) – blah blah</p>' in content)
-    assert '<p><strong>age</strong> (<em>foo.Age</em>) – blah blah</p>' in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='domain-py-xref-warning')
-def test_warn_missing_reference(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-    assert "index.rst:6: WARNING: undefined label: 'no-label'" in warning.getvalue()
-    assert ("index.rst:6: WARNING: Failed to create a cross reference. "
-            "A title or caption not found: 'existing-label'") in warning.getvalue()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
-@pytest.mark.parametrize('include_options', [True, False])
-def test_signature_line_number(app, include_options):
-    text = (".. py:function:: foo(bar : string)\n" +
-            ("   :no-index-entry:\n" if include_options else ""))
-    doc = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    xrefs = list(doc.findall(condition=addnodes.pending_xref))
-    assert len(xrefs) == 1
-    source, line = docutils.utils.get_source_line(xrefs[0])
-    assert 'index.rst' in source
-    assert line == 1
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
-    'python_maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name: str) -> str"),
-})
-def test_pyfunction_signature_with_python_maximum_signature_line_length_equal(app):
-    text = ".. py:function:: hello(name: str) -> str"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        addnodes.index,
-        [desc, (
-            [desc_signature, (
-                [desc_name, "hello"],
-                desc_parameterlist,
-                [desc_returns, pending_xref, "str"],
-            )],
-            desc_content,
-        )],
-    ))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
-                domain="py", objtype="function", no_index=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
-        [desc_sig_name, "name"],
-        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
-        desc_sig_space,
-        [nodes.inline, pending_xref, "str"],
-    )])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
-    'python_maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name: str) -> str"),
-})
-def test_pyfunction_signature_with_python_maximum_signature_line_length_force_single(app):
-    text = (".. py:function:: hello(names: str) -> str\n"
-            "   :single-line-parameter-list:")
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        addnodes.index,
-        [desc, (
-            [desc_signature, (
-                [desc_name, "hello"],
-                desc_parameterlist,
-                [desc_returns, pending_xref, "str"],
-            )],
-            desc_content,
-        )],
-    ))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
-                domain="py", objtype="function", no_index=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
-        [desc_sig_name, "names"],
-        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
-        desc_sig_space,
-        [nodes.inline, pending_xref, "str"],
-    )])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
-    'python_maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name: str) -> str"),
-})
-def test_pyfunction_signature_with_python_maximum_signature_line_length_break(app):
-    text = ".. py:function:: hello(names: str) -> str"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        addnodes.index,
-        [desc, (
-            [desc_signature, (
-                [desc_name, "hello"],
-                desc_parameterlist,
-                [desc_returns, pending_xref, "str"],
-            )],
-            desc_content,
-        )],
-    ))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
-                domain="py", objtype="function", no_index=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
-        [desc_sig_name, "names"],
-        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
-        desc_sig_space,
-        [nodes.inline, pending_xref, "str"],
-    )])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=True)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
-    'maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name: str) -> str"),
-})
-def test_pyfunction_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_equal(app):
-    text = ".. py:function:: hello(name: str) -> str"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        addnodes.index,
-        [desc, (
-            [desc_signature, (
-                [desc_name, "hello"],
-                desc_parameterlist,
-                [desc_returns, pending_xref, "str"],
-            )],
-            desc_content,
-        )],
-    ))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
-                domain="py", objtype="function", no_index=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
-        [desc_sig_name, "name"],
-        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
-        desc_sig_space,
-        [nodes.inline, pending_xref, "str"],
-    )])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
-    'maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name: str) -> str"),
-})
-def test_pyfunction_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_force_single(app):
-    text = (".. py:function:: hello(names: str) -> str\n"
-            "   :single-line-parameter-list:")
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        addnodes.index,
-        [desc, (
-            [desc_signature, (
-                [desc_name, "hello"],
-                desc_parameterlist,
-                [desc_returns, pending_xref, "str"],
-            )],
-            desc_content,
-        )],
-    ))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
-                domain="py", objtype="function", no_index=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
-        [desc_sig_name, "names"],
-        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
-        desc_sig_space,
-        [nodes.inline, pending_xref, "str"],
-    )])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
-    'maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name: str) -> str"),
-})
-def test_pyfunction_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_break(app):
-    text = ".. py:function:: hello(names: str) -> str"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        addnodes.index,
-        [desc, (
-            [desc_signature, (
-                [desc_name, "hello"],
-                desc_parameterlist,
-                [desc_returns, pending_xref, "str"],
-            )],
-            desc_content,
-        )],
-    ))
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
-                domain="py", objtype="function", no_index=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
-        [desc_sig_name, "names"],
-        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
-        desc_sig_space,
-        [nodes.inline, pending_xref, "str"],
-    )])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=True)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'html',
-    confoverrides={
-        'python_maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name: str) -> str"),
-        'maximum_signature_line_length': 1,
-    },
-)
-def test_python_maximum_signature_line_length_overrides_global(app):
-    text = ".. py:function:: hello(name: str) -> str"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    expected_doctree = (addnodes.index,
-                        [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "hello"],
-                                                  desc_parameterlist,
-                                                  [desc_returns, pending_xref, "str"])],
-                                desc_content)])
-    assert_node(doctree, expected_doctree)
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
-                domain="py", objtype="function", no_index=False)
-    signame_node = [desc_sig_name, "name"]
-    expected_sig = [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (signame_node,
-                                                         [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
-                                                         desc_sig_space,
-                                                         [nodes.inline, pending_xref, "str"])]
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], expected_sig)
-    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'html', testroot='domain-py-python_maximum_signature_line_length',
-)
-def test_domain_py_python_maximum_signature_line_length_in_html(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    expected_parameter_list_hello = """\
-
-<dl>
-<dd>\
-<em class="sig-param">\
-<span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span>\
-<span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span>\
-<span class="w"> </span>\
-<span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span>\
-</em>,\
-</dd>
-</dl>
-
-<span class="sig-paren">)</span> \
-<span class="sig-return">\
-<span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> \
-<span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">str</span></span>\
-</span>\
-<a class="headerlink" href="#hello" title="Link to this definition">¶</a>\
-</dt>\
-"""
-    assert expected_parameter_list_hello in content
-
-    param_line_fmt = '<dd>{}</dd>\n'
-    param_name_fmt = (
-        '<em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">{}</span></span></em>'
-    )
-    optional_fmt = '<span class="optional">{}</span>'
-
-    expected_a = param_line_fmt.format(
-        optional_fmt.format("[") + param_name_fmt.format("a") + "," + optional_fmt.format("["),
-    )
-    assert expected_a in content
-
-    expected_b = param_line_fmt.format(
-        param_name_fmt.format("b") + "," + optional_fmt.format("]") + optional_fmt.format("]"),
-    )
-    assert expected_b in content
-
-    expected_c = param_line_fmt.format(param_name_fmt.format("c") + ",")
-    assert expected_c in content
-
-    expected_d = param_line_fmt.format(param_name_fmt.format("d") + optional_fmt.format("[") + ",")
-    assert expected_d in content
-
-    expected_e = param_line_fmt.format(param_name_fmt.format("e") + ",")
-    assert expected_e in content
-
-    expected_f = param_line_fmt.format(param_name_fmt.format("f") + "," + optional_fmt.format("]"))
-    assert expected_f in content
-
-    expected_parameter_list_foo = """\
-
-<dl>
-{}{}{}{}{}{}</dl>
-
-<span class="sig-paren">)</span>\
-<a class="headerlink" href="#foo" title="Link to this definition">¶</a>\
-</dt>\
-""".format(expected_a, expected_b, expected_c, expected_d, expected_e, expected_f)
-    assert expected_parameter_list_foo in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'text', testroot='domain-py-python_maximum_signature_line_length',
-)
-def test_domain_py_python_maximum_signature_line_length_in_text(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    param_line_fmt = STDINDENT * " " + "{}\n"
-
-    expected_parameter_list_hello = "(\n{}) -> str".format(param_line_fmt.format("name: str,"))
-
-    assert expected_parameter_list_hello in content
-
-    expected_a = param_line_fmt.format("[a,[")
-    assert expected_a in content
-
-    expected_b = param_line_fmt.format("b,]]")
-    assert expected_b in content
-
-    expected_c = param_line_fmt.format("c,")
-    assert expected_c in content
-
-    expected_d = param_line_fmt.format("d[,")
-    assert expected_d in content
-
-    expected_e = param_line_fmt.format("e,")
-    assert expected_e in content
-
-    expected_f = param_line_fmt.format("f,]")
-    assert expected_f in content
-
-    expected_parameter_list_foo = "(\n{}{}{}{}{}{})".format(
-        expected_a, expected_b, expected_c, expected_d, expected_e, expected_f,
-    )
-    assert expected_parameter_list_foo in content
-
-
-def test_module_content_line_number(app):
-    text = (".. py:module:: foo\n" +
-            "\n" +
-            "   Some link here: :ref:`abc`\n")
-    doc = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    xrefs = list(doc.findall(condition=addnodes.pending_xref))
-    assert len(xrefs) == 1
-    source, line = docutils.utils.get_source_line(xrefs[0])
-    assert 'index.rst' in source
-    assert line == 3
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(freshenv=True, confoverrides={'python_display_short_literal_types': True})
-def test_short_literal_types(app):
-    text = """\
-.. py:function:: literal_ints(x: Literal[1, 2, 3] = 1) -> None
-.. py:function:: literal_union(x: Union[Literal["a"], Literal["b"], Literal["c"]]) -> None
-"""
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        addnodes.index,
-        [desc, (
-            [desc_signature, (
-                [desc_name, 'literal_ints'],
-                [desc_parameterlist, (
-                    [desc_parameter, (
-                        [desc_sig_name, 'x'],
-                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
-                        desc_sig_space,
-                        [desc_sig_name, (
-                            [desc_sig_literal_number, '1'],
-                            desc_sig_space,
-                            [desc_sig_punctuation, '|'],
-                            desc_sig_space,
-                            [desc_sig_literal_number, '2'],
-                            desc_sig_space,
-                            [desc_sig_punctuation, '|'],
-                            desc_sig_space,
-                            [desc_sig_literal_number, '3'],
-                        )],
-                        desc_sig_space,
-                        [desc_sig_operator, '='],
-                        desc_sig_space,
-                        [nodes.inline, '1'],
-                    )],
-                )],
-                [desc_returns, pending_xref, 'None'],
-            )],
-            [desc_content, ()],
-        )],
-        addnodes.index,
-        [desc, (
-            [desc_signature, (
-                [desc_name, 'literal_union'],
-                [desc_parameterlist, (
-                    [desc_parameter, (
-                        [desc_sig_name, 'x'],
-                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
-                        desc_sig_space,
-                        [desc_sig_name, (
-                            [desc_sig_literal_string, "'a'"],
-                            desc_sig_space,
-                            [desc_sig_punctuation, '|'],
-                            desc_sig_space,
-                            [desc_sig_literal_string, "'b'"],
-                            desc_sig_space,
-                            [desc_sig_punctuation, '|'],
-                            desc_sig_space,
-                            [desc_sig_literal_string, "'c'"],
-                        )],
-                    )],
-                )],
-                [desc_returns, pending_xref, 'None'],
-            )],
-            [desc_content, ()],
-        )],
-    ))
-
-
-def test_function_pep_695(app):
-    text = """.. py:function:: func[\
-        S,\
-        T: int,\
-        U: (int, str),\
-        R: int | int,\
-        A: int | Annotated[int, ctype("char")],\
-        *V,\
-        **P\
-    ]
-    """
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        addnodes.index,
-        [desc, (
-            [desc_signature, (
-                [desc_name, 'func'],
-                [desc_type_parameter_list, (
-                    [desc_type_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, 'S'])],
-                    [desc_type_parameter, (
-                        [desc_sig_name, 'T'],
-                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
-                        desc_sig_space,
-                        [desc_sig_name, ([pending_xref, 'int'])],
-                    )],
-                    [desc_type_parameter, (
-                        [desc_sig_name, 'U'],
-                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
-                        desc_sig_space,
-                        [desc_sig_punctuation, '('],
-                        [desc_sig_name, (
-                            [pending_xref, 'int'],
-                            [desc_sig_punctuation, ','],
-                            desc_sig_space,
-                            [pending_xref, 'str'],
-                        )],
-                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ')'],
-                    )],
-                    [desc_type_parameter, (
-                        [desc_sig_name, 'R'],
-                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
-                        desc_sig_space,
-                        [desc_sig_name, (
-                            [pending_xref, 'int'],
-                            desc_sig_space,
-                            [desc_sig_punctuation, '|'],
-                            desc_sig_space,
-                            [pending_xref, 'int'],
-                        )],
-                    )],
-                    [desc_type_parameter, (
-                        [desc_sig_name, 'A'],
-                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
-                        desc_sig_space,
-                        [desc_sig_name, ([pending_xref, 'int | Annotated[int, ctype("char")]'])],
-                    )],
-                    [desc_type_parameter, (
-                        [desc_sig_operator, '*'],
-                        [desc_sig_name, 'V'],
-                    )],
-                    [desc_type_parameter, (
-                        [desc_sig_operator, '**'],
-                        [desc_sig_name, 'P'],
-                    )],
-                )],
-                [desc_parameterlist, ()],
-            )],
-            [desc_content, ()],
-        )],
-    ))
-
-
-def test_class_def_pep_695(app):
-    # Non-concrete unbound generics are allowed at runtime but type checkers
-    # should fail (https://peps.python.org/pep-0695/#type-parameter-scopes)
-    text = """.. py:class:: Class[S: Sequence[T], T, KT, VT](Dict[KT, VT])"""
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        addnodes.index,
-        [desc, (
-            [desc_signature, (
-                [desc_annotation, ('class', desc_sig_space)],
-                [desc_name, 'Class'],
-                [desc_type_parameter_list, (
-                    [desc_type_parameter, (
-                        [desc_sig_name, 'S'],
-                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
-                        desc_sig_space,
-                        [desc_sig_name, (
-                            [pending_xref, 'Sequence'],
-                            [desc_sig_punctuation, '['],
-                            [pending_xref, 'T'],
-                            [desc_sig_punctuation, ']'],
-                        )],
-                    )],
-                    [desc_type_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, 'T'])],
-                    [desc_type_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, 'KT'])],
-                    [desc_type_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, 'VT'])],
-                )],
-                [desc_parameterlist, ([desc_parameter, 'Dict[KT, VT]'])],
-            )],
-            [desc_content, ()],
-        )],
-    ))
-
-
-def test_class_def_pep_696(app):
-    # test default values for type variables without using PEP 696 AST parser
-    text = """.. py:class:: Class[\
-        T, KT, VT,\
-        J: int,\
-        K = list,\
-        S: str = str,\
-        L: (T, tuple[T, ...], collections.abc.Iterable[T]) = set[T],\
-        Q: collections.abc.Mapping[KT, VT] = dict[KT, VT],\
-        *V = *tuple[*Ts, bool],\
-        **P = [int, Annotated[int, ValueRange(3, 10), ctype("char")]]\
-    ](Other[T, KT, VT, J, S, L, Q, *V, **P])
-    """
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        addnodes.index,
-        [desc, (
-            [desc_signature, (
-                [desc_annotation, ('class', desc_sig_space)],
-                [desc_name, 'Class'],
-                [desc_type_parameter_list, (
-                    [desc_type_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, 'T'])],
-                    [desc_type_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, 'KT'])],
-                    [desc_type_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, 'VT'])],
-                    # J: int
-                    [desc_type_parameter, (
-                        [desc_sig_name, 'J'],
-                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
-                        desc_sig_space,
-                        [desc_sig_name, ([pending_xref, 'int'])],
-                    )],
-                    # K = list
-                    [desc_type_parameter, (
-                        [desc_sig_name, 'K'],
-                        desc_sig_space,
-                        [desc_sig_operator, '='],
-                        desc_sig_space,
-                        [nodes.inline, 'list'],
-                    )],
-                    # S: str = str
-                    [desc_type_parameter, (
-                        [desc_sig_name, 'S'],
-                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
-                        desc_sig_space,
-                        [desc_sig_name, ([pending_xref, 'str'])],
-                        desc_sig_space,
-                        [desc_sig_operator, '='],
-                        desc_sig_space,
-                        [nodes.inline, 'str'],
-                    )],
-                    [desc_type_parameter, (
-                        [desc_sig_name, 'L'],
-                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
-                        desc_sig_space,
-                        [desc_sig_punctuation, '('],
-                        [desc_sig_name, (
-                            # T
-                            [pending_xref, 'T'],
-                            [desc_sig_punctuation, ','],
-                            desc_sig_space,
-                            # tuple[T, ...]
-                            [pending_xref, 'tuple'],
-                            [desc_sig_punctuation, '['],
-                            [pending_xref, 'T'],
-                            [desc_sig_punctuation, ','],
-                            desc_sig_space,
-                            [desc_sig_punctuation, '...'],
-                            [desc_sig_punctuation, ']'],
-                            [desc_sig_punctuation, ','],
-                            desc_sig_space,
-                            # collections.abc.Iterable[T]
-                            [pending_xref, 'collections.abc.Iterable'],
-                            [desc_sig_punctuation, '['],
-                            [pending_xref, 'T'],
-                            [desc_sig_punctuation, ']'],
-                        )],
-                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ')'],
-                        desc_sig_space,
-                        [desc_sig_operator, '='],
-                        desc_sig_space,
-                        [nodes.inline, 'set[T]'],
-                    )],
-                    [desc_type_parameter, (
-                        [desc_sig_name, 'Q'],
-                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
-                        desc_sig_space,
-                        [desc_sig_name, (
-                            [pending_xref, 'collections.abc.Mapping'],
-                            [desc_sig_punctuation, '['],
-                            [pending_xref, 'KT'],
-                            [desc_sig_punctuation, ','],
-                            desc_sig_space,
-                            [pending_xref, 'VT'],
-                            [desc_sig_punctuation, ']'],
-                        )],
-                        desc_sig_space,
-                        [desc_sig_operator, '='],
-                        desc_sig_space,
-                        [nodes.inline, 'dict[KT, VT]'],
-                    )],
-                    [desc_type_parameter, (
-                        [desc_sig_operator, '*'],
-                        [desc_sig_name, 'V'],
-                        desc_sig_space,
-                        [desc_sig_operator, '='],
-                        desc_sig_space,
-                        [nodes.inline, '*tuple[*Ts, bool]'],
-                    )],
-                    [desc_type_parameter, (
-                        [desc_sig_operator, '**'],
-                        [desc_sig_name, 'P'],
-                        desc_sig_space,
-                        [desc_sig_operator, '='],
-                        desc_sig_space,
-                        [nodes.inline, '[int, Annotated[int, ValueRange(3, 10), ctype("char")]]'],
-                    )],
-                )],
-                [desc_parameterlist, (
-                    [desc_parameter, 'Other[T, KT, VT, J, S, L, Q, *V, **P]'],
-                )],
-            )],
-            [desc_content, ()],
-        )],
-    ))
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(('tp_list', 'tptext'), [
-    ('[T:int]', '[T: int]'),
-    ('[T:*Ts]', '[T: *Ts]'),
-    ('[T:int|(*Ts)]', '[T: int | (*Ts)]'),
-    ('[T:(*Ts)|int]', '[T: (*Ts) | int]'),
-    ('[T:(int|(*Ts))]', '[T: (int | (*Ts))]'),
-    ('[T:((*Ts)|int)]', '[T: ((*Ts) | int)]'),
-    ('[T:Annotated[int,ctype("char")]]', '[T: Annotated[int, ctype("char")]]'),
-])
-def test_pep_695_and_pep_696_whitespaces_in_bound(app, tp_list, tptext):
-    text = f'.. py:function:: f{tp_list}()'
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert doctree.astext() == f'\n\nf{tptext}()\n\n'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(('tp_list', 'tptext'), [
-    ('[T:(int,str)]', '[T: (int, str)]'),
-    ('[T:(int|str,*Ts)]', '[T: (int | str, *Ts)]'),
-])
-def test_pep_695_and_pep_696_whitespaces_in_constraints(app, tp_list, tptext):
-    text = f'.. py:function:: f{tp_list}()'
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert doctree.astext() == f'\n\nf{tptext}()\n\n'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(('tp_list', 'tptext'), [
-    ('[T=int]', '[T = int]'),
-    ('[T:int=int]', '[T: int = int]'),
-    ('[*V=*Ts]', '[*V = *Ts]'),
-    ('[*V=(*Ts)]', '[*V = (*Ts)]'),
-    ('[*V=*tuple[str,...]]', '[*V = *tuple[str, ...]]'),
-    ('[*V=*tuple[*Ts,...]]', '[*V = *tuple[*Ts, ...]]'),
-    ('[*V=*tuple[int,*Ts]]', '[*V = *tuple[int, *Ts]]'),
-    ('[*V=*tuple[*Ts,int]]', '[*V = *tuple[*Ts, int]]'),
-    ('[**P=[int,*Ts]]', '[**P = [int, *Ts]]'),
-    ('[**P=[int, int*3]]', '[**P = [int, int * 3]]'),
-    ('[**P=[int, *Ts*3]]', '[**P = [int, *Ts * 3]]'),
-    ('[**P=[int,A[int,ctype("char")]]]', '[**P = [int, A[int, ctype("char")]]]'),
-])
-def test_pep_695_and_pep_696_whitespaces_in_default(app, tp_list, tptext):
-    text = f'.. py:function:: f{tp_list}()'
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert doctree.astext() == f'\n\nf{tptext}()\n\n'
diff --git a/tests/test_domain_rst.py b/tests/test_domain_rst.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 4445da1..0000000
--- a/tests/test_domain_rst.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,137 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests the reStructuredText domain."""
-
-from sphinx import addnodes
-from sphinx.addnodes import (
-    desc,
-    desc_addname,
-    desc_annotation,
-    desc_content,
-    desc_name,
-    desc_signature,
-)
-from sphinx.domains.rst import parse_directive
-from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
-from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
-
-
-def test_parse_directive():
-    s = parse_directive(' foö  ')
-    assert s == ('foö', '')
-
-    s = parse_directive(' ..    foö ::  ')
-    assert s == ('foö', '')
-
-    s = parse_directive('.. foö:: args1 args2')
-    assert s == ('foö', ' args1 args2')
-
-    s = parse_directive('.. :: bar')
-    assert s == ('.. :: bar', '')
-
-
-def test_rst_directive(app):
-    # bare
-    text = ".. rst:directive:: toctree"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, desc_name, ".. toctree::"],
-                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
-    assert_node(doctree[0],
-                entries=[("single", "toctree (directive)", "directive-toctree", "", None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="directive",
-                domain="rst", objtype="directive", no_index=False)
-
-    # decorated
-    text = ".. rst:directive:: .. toctree::"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, desc_name, ".. toctree::"],
-                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
-    assert_node(doctree[0],
-                entries=[("single", "toctree (directive)", "directive-toctree", "", None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="directive",
-                domain="rst", objtype="directive", no_index=False)
-
-
-def test_rst_directive_with_argument(app):
-    text = ".. rst:directive:: .. toctree:: foo bar baz"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, ".. toctree::"],
-                                                    [desc_addname, " foo bar baz"])],
-                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
-    assert_node(doctree[0],
-                entries=[("single", "toctree (directive)", "directive-toctree", "", None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="directive",
-                domain="rst", objtype="directive", no_index=False)
-
-
-def test_rst_directive_option(app):
-    text = ".. rst:directive:option:: foo"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, desc_name, ":foo:"],
-                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
-    assert_node(doctree[0],
-                entries=[("single", ":foo: (directive option)",
-                          "directive-option-foo", "", "F")])
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="directive:option",
-                domain="rst", objtype="directive:option", no_index=False)
-
-
-def test_rst_directive_option_with_argument(app):
-    text = ".. rst:directive:option:: foo: bar baz"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, ":foo:"],
-                                                    [desc_annotation, " bar baz"])],
-                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
-    assert_node(doctree[0],
-                entries=[("single", ":foo: (directive option)",
-                          "directive-option-foo", "", "F")])
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="directive:option",
-                domain="rst", objtype="directive:option", no_index=False)
-
-
-def test_rst_directive_option_type(app):
-    text = (".. rst:directive:option:: foo\n"
-            "   :type: directives.flags\n")
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, ":foo:"],
-                                                    [desc_annotation, " (directives.flags)"])],
-                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
-    assert_node(doctree[0],
-                entries=[("single", ":foo: (directive option)",
-                          "directive-option-foo", "", "F")])
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="directive:option",
-                domain="rst", objtype="directive:option", no_index=False)
-
-
-def test_rst_directive_and_directive_option(app):
-    text = (".. rst:directive:: foo\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   .. rst:directive:option:: bar\n")
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, desc_name, ".. foo::"],
-                                  [desc_content, (addnodes.index,
-                                                  desc)])]))
-    assert_node(doctree[1][1][0],
-                entries=[("pair", "foo (directive); :bar: (directive option)",
-                          "directive-option-foo-bar", "", "B")])
-    assert_node(doctree[1][1][1], ([desc_signature, desc_name, ":bar:"],
-                                   [desc_content, ()]))
-    assert_node(doctree[1][1][1], addnodes.desc, desctype="directive:option",
-                domain="rst", objtype="directive:option", no_index=False)
-
-
-def test_rst_role(app):
-    text = ".. rst:role:: ref"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, desc_name, ":ref:"],
-                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
-    assert_node(doctree[0],
-                entries=[("single", "ref (role)", "role-ref", "", None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="role",
-                domain="rst", objtype="role", no_index=False)
diff --git a/tests/test_domain_std.py b/tests/test_domain_std.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 6d7ab53..0000000
--- a/tests/test_domain_std.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,495 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests the std domain"""
-
-from unittest import mock
-
-import pytest
-from docutils import nodes
-from docutils.nodes import definition, definition_list, definition_list_item, term
-from html5lib import HTMLParser
-
-from sphinx import addnodes
-from sphinx.addnodes import (
-    desc,
-    desc_addname,
-    desc_content,
-    desc_name,
-    desc_signature,
-    glossary,
-    index,
-    pending_xref,
-)
-from sphinx.domains.std import StandardDomain
-from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
-from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
-
-
-def test_process_doc_handle_figure_caption():
-    env = mock.Mock(domaindata={})
-    env.app.registry.enumerable_nodes = {}
-    figure_node = nodes.figure(
-        '',
-        nodes.caption('caption text', 'caption text'),
-    )
-    document = mock.Mock(
-        nametypes={'testname': True},
-        nameids={'testname': 'testid'},
-        ids={'testid': figure_node},
-        citation_refs={},
-    )
-    document.findall.return_value = []
-
-    domain = StandardDomain(env)
-    if 'testname' in domain.data['labels']:
-        del domain.data['labels']['testname']
-    domain.process_doc(env, 'testdoc', document)
-    assert 'testname' in domain.data['labels']
-    assert domain.data['labels']['testname'] == (
-        'testdoc', 'testid', 'caption text')
-
-
-def test_process_doc_handle_table_title():
-    env = mock.Mock(domaindata={})
-    env.app.registry.enumerable_nodes = {}
-    table_node = nodes.table(
-        '',
-        nodes.title('title text', 'title text'),
-    )
-    document = mock.Mock(
-        nametypes={'testname': True},
-        nameids={'testname': 'testid'},
-        ids={'testid': table_node},
-        citation_refs={},
-    )
-    document.findall.return_value = []
-
-    domain = StandardDomain(env)
-    if 'testname' in domain.data['labels']:
-        del domain.data['labels']['testname']
-    domain.process_doc(env, 'testdoc', document)
-    assert 'testname' in domain.data['labels']
-    assert domain.data['labels']['testname'] == (
-        'testdoc', 'testid', 'title text')
-
-
-def test_get_full_qualified_name():
-    env = mock.Mock(domaindata={})
-    env.app.registry.enumerable_nodes = {}
-    domain = StandardDomain(env)
-
-    # normal references
-    node = nodes.reference()
-    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) is None
-
-    # simple reference to options
-    node = nodes.reference(reftype='option', reftarget='-l')
-    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) is None
-
-    # options with std:program context
-    kwargs = {'std:program': 'ls'}
-    node = nodes.reference(reftype='option', reftarget='-l', **kwargs)
-    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) == 'ls.-l'
-
-
-def test_cmd_option_with_optional_value(app):
-    text = ".. option:: -j[=N]"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, '-j'],
-                                                    [desc_addname, '[=N]'])],
-                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
-    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index,
-                entries=[('pair', 'command line option; -j', 'cmdoption-j', '', None)])
-
-    objects = list(app.env.get_domain("std").get_objects())
-    assert ('-j', '-j', 'cmdoption', 'index', 'cmdoption-j', 1) in objects
-
-
-def test_cmd_option_starting_with_bracket(app):
-    text = ".. option:: [enable=]PATTERN"
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, '[enable'],
-                                                    [desc_addname, '=]PATTERN'])],
-                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
-    objects = list(app.env.get_domain("std").get_objects())
-    assert ('[enable', '[enable', 'cmdoption', 'index', 'cmdoption-arg-enable', 1) in objects
-
-
-def test_glossary(app):
-    text = (".. glossary::\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   term1\n"
-            "   TERM2\n"
-            "       description\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   term3 : classifier\n"
-            "       description\n"
-            "       description\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   term4 : class1 : class2\n"
-            "       description\n")
-
-    # doctree
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        [glossary, definition_list, ([definition_list_item, ([term, ("term1",
-                                                                     index)],
-                                                             [term, ("TERM2",
-                                                                     index)],
-                                                             definition)],
-                                     [definition_list_item, ([term, ("term3",
-                                                                     index)],
-                                                             definition)],
-                                     [definition_list_item, ([term, ("term4",
-                                                                     index)],
-                                                             definition)])],
-    ))
-    assert_node(doctree[0][0][0][0][1],
-                entries=[("single", "term1", "term-term1", "main", None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[0][0][0][1][1],
-                entries=[("single", "TERM2", "term-TERM2", "main", None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[0][0][0][2],
-                [definition, nodes.paragraph, "description"])
-    assert_node(doctree[0][0][1][0][1],
-                entries=[("single", "term3", "term-term3", "main", "classifier")])
-    assert_node(doctree[0][0][1][1],
-                [definition, nodes.paragraph, ("description\n"
-                                               "description")])
-    assert_node(doctree[0][0][2][0][1],
-                entries=[("single", "term4", "term-term4", "main", "class1")])
-    assert_node(doctree[0][0][2][1],
-                [nodes.definition, nodes.paragraph, "description"])
-
-    # index
-    domain = app.env.get_domain("std")
-    objects = list(domain.get_objects())
-    assert ("term1", "term1", "term", "index", "term-term1", -1) in objects
-    assert ("TERM2", "TERM2", "term", "index", "term-TERM2", -1) in objects
-    assert ("term3", "term3", "term", "index", "term-term3", -1) in objects
-    assert ("term4", "term4", "term", "index", "term-term4", -1) in objects
-
-    # term reference (case sensitive)
-    refnode = domain.resolve_xref(app.env, 'index', app.builder, 'term', 'term1',
-                                  pending_xref(), nodes.paragraph())
-    assert_node(refnode, nodes.reference, refid="term-term1")
-
-    # term reference (case insensitive)
-    refnode = domain.resolve_xref(app.env, 'index', app.builder, 'term', 'term2',
-                                  pending_xref(), nodes.paragraph())
-    assert_node(refnode, nodes.reference, refid="term-TERM2")
-
-
-def test_glossary_warning(app, status, warning):
-    # empty line between terms
-    text = (".. glossary::\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   term1\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   term2\n")
-    restructuredtext.parse(app, text, "case1")
-    assert ("case1.rst:4: WARNING: glossary terms must not be separated by empty lines"
-            in warning.getvalue())
-
-    # glossary starts with indented item
-    text = (".. glossary::\n"
-            "\n"
-            "       description\n"
-            "   term\n")
-    restructuredtext.parse(app, text, "case2")
-    assert ("case2.rst:3: WARNING: glossary term must be preceded by empty line"
-            in warning.getvalue())
-
-    # empty line between terms
-    text = (".. glossary::\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   term1\n"
-            "       description\n"
-            "   term2\n")
-    restructuredtext.parse(app, text, "case3")
-    assert ("case3.rst:4: WARNING: glossary term must be preceded by empty line"
-            in warning.getvalue())
-
-    # duplicated terms
-    text = (".. glossary::\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   term-case4\n"
-            "   term-case4\n")
-    restructuredtext.parse(app, text, "case4")
-    assert ("case4.rst:3: WARNING: duplicate term description of term-case4, "
-            "other instance in case4" in warning.getvalue())
-
-
-def test_glossary_comment(app):
-    text = (".. glossary::\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   term1\n"
-            "       description\n"
-            "   .. term2\n"
-            "       description\n"
-            "       description\n")
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        [glossary, definition_list, definition_list_item, ([term, ("term1",
-                                                                   index)],
-                                                           definition)],
-    ))
-    assert_node(doctree[0][0][0][1],
-                [nodes.definition, nodes.paragraph, "description"])
-
-
-def test_glossary_comment2(app):
-    text = (".. glossary::\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   term1\n"
-            "       description\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   .. term2\n"
-            "   term3\n"
-            "       description\n"
-            "       description\n")
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        [glossary, definition_list, ([definition_list_item, ([term, ("term1",
-                                                                     index)],
-                                                             definition)],
-                                     [definition_list_item, ([term, ("term3",
-                                                                     index)],
-                                                             definition)])],
-    ))
-    assert_node(doctree[0][0][0][1],
-                [nodes.definition, nodes.paragraph, "description"])
-    assert_node(doctree[0][0][1][1],
-                [nodes.definition, nodes.paragraph, ("description\n"
-                                                     "description")])
-
-
-def test_glossary_sorted(app):
-    text = (".. glossary::\n"
-            "   :sorted:\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   term3\n"
-            "       description\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   term2\n"
-            "   term1\n"
-            "       description\n")
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (
-        [glossary, definition_list, ([definition_list_item, ([term, ("term2",
-                                                                     index)],
-                                                             [term, ("term1",
-                                                                     index)],
-                                                             definition)],
-                                     [definition_list_item, ([term, ("term3",
-                                                                     index)],
-                                                             definition)])],
-    ))
-    assert_node(doctree[0][0][0][2],
-                [nodes.definition, nodes.paragraph, "description"])
-    assert_node(doctree[0][0][1][1],
-                [nodes.definition, nodes.paragraph, "description"])
-
-
-def test_glossary_alphanumeric(app):
-    text = (".. glossary::\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   1\n"
-            "   /\n")
-    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    objects = list(app.env.get_domain("std").get_objects())
-    assert ("1", "1", "term", "index", "term-1", -1) in objects
-    assert ("/", "/", "term", "index", "term-0", -1) in objects
-
-
-def test_glossary_conflicted_labels(app):
-    text = (".. _term-foo:\n"
-            ".. glossary::\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   foo\n")
-    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    objects = list(app.env.get_domain("std").get_objects())
-    assert ("foo", "foo", "term", "index", "term-0", -1) in objects
-
-
-def test_cmdoption(app):
-    text = (".. program:: ls\n"
-            "\n"
-            ".. option:: -l\n")
-    domain = app.env.get_domain('std')
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "-l"],
-                                                    [desc_addname, ()])],
-                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
-    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index,
-                entries=[('pair', 'ls command line option; -l', 'cmdoption-ls-l', '', None)])
-    assert ('ls', '-l') in domain.progoptions
-    assert domain.progoptions[('ls', '-l')] == ('index', 'cmdoption-ls-l')
-
-
-def test_cmdoption_for_None(app):
-    text = (".. program:: ls\n"
-            ".. program:: None\n"
-            "\n"
-            ".. option:: -l\n")
-    domain = app.env.get_domain('std')
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "-l"],
-                                                    [desc_addname, ()])],
-                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
-    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index,
-                entries=[('pair', 'command line option; -l', 'cmdoption-l', '', None)])
-    assert (None, '-l') in domain.progoptions
-    assert domain.progoptions[(None, '-l')] == ('index', 'cmdoption-l')
-
-
-def test_multiple_cmdoptions(app):
-    text = (".. program:: cmd\n"
-            "\n"
-            ".. option:: -o directory, --output directory\n")
-    domain = app.env.get_domain('std')
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "-o"],
-                                                    [desc_addname, " directory"],
-                                                    [desc_addname, ", "],
-                                                    [desc_name, "--output"],
-                                                    [desc_addname, " directory"])],
-                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
-    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index,
-                entries=[('pair', 'cmd command line option; -o', 'cmdoption-cmd-o', '', None),
-                         ('pair', 'cmd command line option; --output', 'cmdoption-cmd-o', '', None)])
-    assert ('cmd', '-o') in domain.progoptions
-    assert ('cmd', '--output') in domain.progoptions
-    assert domain.progoptions[('cmd', '-o')] == ('index', 'cmdoption-cmd-o')
-    assert domain.progoptions[('cmd', '--output')] == ('index', 'cmdoption-cmd-o')
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='productionlist')
-def test_productionlist(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    warnings = warning.getvalue().split("\n")
-    assert len(warnings) == 2
-    assert warnings[-1] == ''
-    assert "Dup2.rst:4: WARNING: duplicate token description of Dup, other instance in Dup1" in warnings[0]
-
-    with (app.outdir / 'index.html').open('rb') as f:
-        etree = HTMLParser(namespaceHTMLElements=False).parse(f)
-    ul = list(etree.iter('ul'))[1]
-    cases = []
-    for li in list(ul):
-        assert len(list(li)) == 1
-        p = list(li)[0]
-        assert p.tag == 'p'
-        text = str(p.text).strip(' :')
-        assert len(list(p)) == 1
-        a = list(p)[0]
-        assert a.tag == 'a'
-        link = a.get('href')
-        assert len(list(a)) == 1
-        code = list(a)[0]
-        assert code.tag == 'code'
-        assert len(list(code)) == 1
-        span = list(code)[0]
-        assert span.tag == 'span'
-        linkText = span.text.strip()
-        cases.append((text, link, linkText))
-    assert cases == [
-        ('A', 'Bare.html#grammar-token-A', 'A'),
-        ('B', 'Bare.html#grammar-token-B', 'B'),
-        ('P1:A', 'P1.html#grammar-token-P1-A', 'P1:A'),
-        ('P1:B', 'P1.html#grammar-token-P1-B', 'P1:B'),
-        ('P2:A', 'P1.html#grammar-token-P1-A', 'P1:A'),
-        ('P2:B', 'P2.html#grammar-token-P2-B', 'P2:B'),
-        ('Explicit title A, plain', 'Bare.html#grammar-token-A', 'MyTitle'),
-        ('Explicit title A, colon', 'Bare.html#grammar-token-A', 'My:Title'),
-        ('Explicit title P1:A, plain', 'P1.html#grammar-token-P1-A', 'MyTitle'),
-        ('Explicit title P1:A, colon', 'P1.html#grammar-token-P1-A', 'My:Title'),
-        ('Tilde A', 'Bare.html#grammar-token-A', 'A'),
-        ('Tilde P1:A', 'P1.html#grammar-token-P1-A', 'A'),
-        ('Tilde explicit title P1:A', 'P1.html#grammar-token-P1-A', '~MyTitle'),
-        ('Tilde, explicit title P1:A', 'P1.html#grammar-token-P1-A', 'MyTitle'),
-        ('Dup', 'Dup2.html#grammar-token-Dup', 'Dup'),
-        ('FirstLine', 'firstLineRule.html#grammar-token-FirstLine', 'FirstLine'),
-        ('SecondLine', 'firstLineRule.html#grammar-token-SecondLine', 'SecondLine'),
-    ]
-
-    text = (app.outdir / 'LineContinuation.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert "A</strong> ::=  B C D    E F G" in text
-
-
-def test_productionlist2(app):
-    text = (".. productionlist:: P2\n"
-            "   A: `:A` `A`\n"
-            "   B: `P1:B` `~P1:B`\n")
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    refnodes = list(doctree.findall(pending_xref))
-    assert_node(refnodes[0], pending_xref, reftarget="A")
-    assert_node(refnodes[1], pending_xref, reftarget="P2:A")
-    assert_node(refnodes[2], pending_xref, reftarget="P1:B")
-    assert_node(refnodes[3], pending_xref, reftarget="P1:B")
-    assert_node(refnodes[0], [pending_xref, nodes.literal, "A"])
-    assert_node(refnodes[1], [pending_xref, nodes.literal, "A"])
-    assert_node(refnodes[2], [pending_xref, nodes.literal, "P1:B"])
-    assert_node(refnodes[3], [pending_xref, nodes.literal, "B"])
-
-
-def test_disabled_docref(app):
-    text = (":doc:`index`\n"
-            ":doc:`!index`\n")
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, ([nodes.paragraph, ([pending_xref, nodes.inline, "index"],
-                                             "\n",
-                                             [nodes.inline, "index"])],))
-
-
-def test_labeled_rubric(app):
-    text = (".. _label:\n"
-            ".. rubric:: blah *blah* blah\n")
-    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-
-    domain = app.env.get_domain("std")
-    assert 'label' in domain.labels
-    assert domain.labels['label'] == ('index', 'label', 'blah blah blah')
-
-
-def test_labeled_definition(app):
-    text = (".. _label1:\n"
-            "\n"
-            "Foo blah *blah* blah\n"
-            "  Definition\n"
-            "\n"
-            ".. _label2:\n"
-            "\n"
-            "Bar blah *blah* blah\n"
-            "  Definition\n"
-            "\n")
-    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-
-    domain = app.env.get_domain("std")
-    assert 'label1' in domain.labels
-    assert domain.labels['label1'] == ('index', 'label1', 'Foo blah blah blah')
-    assert 'label2' in domain.labels
-    assert domain.labels['label2'] == ('index', 'label2', 'Bar blah blah blah')
-
-
-def test_labeled_field(app):
-    text = (".. _label1:\n"
-            "\n"
-            ":Foo blah *blah* blah:\n"
-            "  Definition\n"
-            "\n"
-            ".. _label2:\n"
-            "\n"
-            ":Bar blah *blah* blah:\n"
-            "  Definition\n"
-            "\n")
-    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-
-    domain = app.env.get_domain("std")
-    assert 'label1' in domain.labels
-    assert domain.labels['label1'] == ('index', 'label1', 'Foo blah blah blah')
-    assert 'label2' in domain.labels
-    assert domain.labels['label2'] == ('index', 'label2', 'Bar blah blah blah')
diff --git a/tests/test_domains/__init__.py b/tests/test_domains/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/tests/test_domains/test_domain_c.py b/tests/test_domains/test_domain_c.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8a92cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_domains/test_domain_c.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1072 @@
+"""Tests the C Domain"""
+
+import itertools
+import zlib
+from xml.etree import ElementTree
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.addnodes import (
+    desc,
+    desc_content,
+    desc_name,
+    desc_parameter,
+    desc_parameterlist,
+    desc_sig_name,
+    desc_sig_space,
+    desc_signature,
+    desc_signature_line,
+    pending_xref,
+)
+from sphinx.domains.c._ids import _id_prefix, _macroKeywords, _max_id
+from sphinx.domains.c._parser import DefinitionParser
+from sphinx.domains.c._symbol import Symbol
+from sphinx.ext.intersphinx import load_mappings, normalize_intersphinx_mapping
+from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+from sphinx.util.cfamily import DefinitionError
+from sphinx.writers.text import STDINDENT
+
+
+class Config:
+    c_id_attributes = ["id_attr", 'LIGHTGBM_C_EXPORT']
+    c_paren_attributes = ["paren_attr"]
+    c_extra_keywords = _macroKeywords
+
+
+def parse(name, string):
+    parser = DefinitionParser(string, location=None, config=Config())
+    parser.allowFallbackExpressionParsing = False
+    ast = parser.parse_declaration(name, name)
+    parser.assert_end()
+    return ast
+
+
+def _check(name, input, idDict, output, key, asTextOutput):
+    if key is None:
+        key = name
+    key += ' '
+    if name in ('function', 'member'):
+        inputActual = input
+        outputAst = output
+        outputAsText = output
+    else:
+        inputActual = input.format(key='')
+        outputAst = output.format(key='')
+        outputAsText = output.format(key=key)
+    if asTextOutput is not None:
+        outputAsText = asTextOutput
+
+    # first a simple check of the AST
+    ast = parse(name, inputActual)
+    res = str(ast)
+    if res != outputAst:
+        print()
+        print("Input:    ", input)
+        print("Result:   ", res)
+        print("Expected: ", outputAst)
+        raise DefinitionError
+    rootSymbol = Symbol(None, None, None, None, None)
+    symbol = rootSymbol.add_declaration(ast, docname="TestDoc", line=42)
+    parentNode = addnodes.desc()
+    signode = addnodes.desc_signature(input, '')
+    parentNode += signode
+    ast.describe_signature(signode, 'lastIsName', symbol, options={})
+    resAsText = parentNode.astext()
+    if resAsText != outputAsText:
+        print()
+        print("Input:    ", input)
+        print("astext(): ", resAsText)
+        print("Expected: ", outputAsText)
+        raise DefinitionError
+
+    idExpected = [None]
+    for i in range(1, _max_id + 1):
+        if i in idDict:
+            idExpected.append(idDict[i])
+        else:
+            idExpected.append(idExpected[i - 1])
+    idActual = [None]
+    for i in range(1, _max_id + 1):
+        # try:
+        id = ast.get_id(version=i)
+        assert id is not None
+        idActual.append(id[len(_id_prefix[i]):])
+        # except NoOldIdError:
+        #     idActual.append(None)
+
+    res = [True]
+    for i in range(1, _max_id + 1):
+        res.append(idExpected[i] == idActual[i])
+
+    if not all(res):
+        print("input:    %s" % input.rjust(20))
+        for i in range(1, _max_id + 1):
+            if res[i]:
+                continue
+            print("Error in id version %d." % i)
+            print("result:   %s" % idActual[i])
+            print("expected: %s" % idExpected[i])
+        # print(rootSymbol.dump(0))
+        raise DefinitionError
+
+
+def check(name, input, idDict, output=None, key=None, asTextOutput=None):
+    if output is None:
+        output = input
+    # First, check without semicolon
+    _check(name, input, idDict, output, key, asTextOutput)
+    if name != 'macro':
+        # Second, check with semicolon
+        _check(name, input + ' ;', idDict, output + ';', key,
+               asTextOutput + ';' if asTextOutput is not None else None)
+
+
+def test_domain_c_ast_expressions():
+    def exprCheck(expr, output=None):
+        parser = DefinitionParser(expr, location=None, config=Config())
+        parser.allowFallbackExpressionParsing = False
+        ast = parser.parse_expression()
+        parser.assert_end()
+        # first a simple check of the AST
+        if output is None:
+            output = expr
+        res = str(ast)
+        if res != output:
+            print()
+            print("Input:    ", input)
+            print("Result:   ", res)
+            print("Expected: ", output)
+            raise DefinitionError
+        displayString = ast.get_display_string()
+        if res != displayString:
+            # note: if the expression contains an anon name then this will trigger a falsely
+            print()
+            print("Input:    ", expr)
+            print("Result:   ", res)
+            print("Display:  ", displayString)
+            raise DefinitionError
+
+    # type expressions
+    exprCheck('int*')
+    exprCheck('int *const*')
+    exprCheck('int *volatile*')
+    exprCheck('int *restrict*')
+    exprCheck('int *(*)(double)')
+    exprCheck('const int*')
+    exprCheck('__int64')
+    exprCheck('unsigned __int64')
+
+    # actual expressions
+
+    # primary
+    exprCheck('true')
+    exprCheck('false')
+    ints = ['5', '0', '075', '0x0123456789ABCDEF', '0XF', '0b1', '0B1',
+            "0b0'1'0", "00'1'2", "0x0'1'2", "1'2'3"]
+    unsignedSuffix = ['', 'u', 'U']
+    longSuffix = ['', 'l', 'L', 'll', 'LL']
+    for i in ints:
+        for u in unsignedSuffix:
+            for l in longSuffix:
+                expr = i + u + l
+                exprCheck(expr)
+                expr = i + l + u
+                exprCheck(expr)
+    for suffix in ['', 'f', 'F', 'l', 'L']:
+        for e in [
+                '5e42', '5e+42', '5e-42',
+                '5.', '5.e42', '5.e+42', '5.e-42',
+                '.5', '.5e42', '.5e+42', '.5e-42',
+                '5.0', '5.0e42', '5.0e+42', '5.0e-42',
+                "1'2'3e7'8'9", "1'2'3.e7'8'9",
+                ".4'5'6e7'8'9", "1'2'3.4'5'6e7'8'9"]:
+            expr = e + suffix
+            exprCheck(expr)
+        for e in [
+                'ApF', 'Ap+F', 'Ap-F',
+                'A.', 'A.pF', 'A.p+F', 'A.p-F',
+                '.A', '.ApF', '.Ap+F', '.Ap-F',
+                'A.B', 'A.BpF', 'A.Bp+F', 'A.Bp-F',
+                "A'B'Cp1'2'3", "A'B'C.p1'2'3",
+                ".D'E'Fp1'2'3", "A'B'C.D'E'Fp1'2'3"]:
+            expr = "0x" + e + suffix
+            exprCheck(expr)
+    exprCheck('"abc\\"cba"')  # string
+    # character literals
+    for p in ['', 'u8', 'u', 'U', 'L']:
+        exprCheck(p + "'a'")
+        exprCheck(p + "'\\n'")
+        exprCheck(p + "'\\012'")
+        exprCheck(p + "'\\0'")
+        exprCheck(p + "'\\x0a'")
+        exprCheck(p + "'\\x0A'")
+        exprCheck(p + "'\\u0a42'")
+        exprCheck(p + "'\\u0A42'")
+        exprCheck(p + "'\\U0001f34c'")
+        exprCheck(p + "'\\U0001F34C'")
+
+    exprCheck('(5)')
+    exprCheck('C')
+    # postfix
+    exprCheck('A(2)')
+    exprCheck('A[2]')
+    exprCheck('a.b.c')
+    exprCheck('a->b->c')
+    exprCheck('i++')
+    exprCheck('i--')
+    # unary
+    exprCheck('++5')
+    exprCheck('--5')
+    exprCheck('*5')
+    exprCheck('&5')
+    exprCheck('+5')
+    exprCheck('-5')
+    exprCheck('!5')
+    exprCheck('not 5')
+    exprCheck('~5')
+    exprCheck('compl 5')
+    exprCheck('sizeof(T)')
+    exprCheck('sizeof -42')
+    exprCheck('alignof(T)')
+    # cast
+    exprCheck('(int)2')
+    # binary op
+    exprCheck('5 || 42')
+    exprCheck('5 or 42')
+    exprCheck('5 && 42')
+    exprCheck('5 and 42')
+    exprCheck('5 | 42')
+    exprCheck('5 bitor 42')
+    exprCheck('5 ^ 42')
+    exprCheck('5 xor 42')
+    exprCheck('5 & 42')
+    exprCheck('5 bitand 42')
+    # ['==', '!=']
+    exprCheck('5 == 42')
+    exprCheck('5 != 42')
+    exprCheck('5 not_eq 42')
+    # ['<=', '>=', '<', '>']
+    exprCheck('5 <= 42')
+    exprCheck('5 >= 42')
+    exprCheck('5 < 42')
+    exprCheck('5 > 42')
+    # ['<<', '>>']
+    exprCheck('5 << 42')
+    exprCheck('5 >> 42')
+    # ['+', '-']
+    exprCheck('5 + 42')
+    exprCheck('5 - 42')
+    # ['*', '/', '%']
+    exprCheck('5 * 42')
+    exprCheck('5 / 42')
+    exprCheck('5 % 42')
+    # ['.*', '->*']
+    # conditional
+    # TODO
+    # assignment
+    exprCheck('a = 5')
+    exprCheck('a *= 5')
+    exprCheck('a /= 5')
+    exprCheck('a %= 5')
+    exprCheck('a += 5')
+    exprCheck('a -= 5')
+    exprCheck('a >>= 5')
+    exprCheck('a <<= 5')
+    exprCheck('a &= 5')
+    exprCheck('a and_eq 5')
+    exprCheck('a ^= 5')
+    exprCheck('a xor_eq 5')
+    exprCheck('a |= 5')
+    exprCheck('a or_eq 5')
+
+
+def test_domain_c_ast_fundamental_types():
+    def types():
+        def signed(t):
+            yield t
+            yield 'signed  ' + t
+            yield 'unsigned  ' + t
+
+        # integer types
+        # -------------
+        yield 'void'
+        yield from ('_Bool', 'bool')
+        yield from signed('char')
+        yield from signed('short')
+        yield from signed('short int')
+        yield from signed('int')
+        yield from ('signed', 'unsigned')
+        yield from signed('long')
+        yield from signed('long int')
+        yield from signed('long long')
+        yield from signed('long long int')
+        yield from ('__int128', '__uint128')
+        # extensions
+        for t in ('__int8', '__int16', '__int32', '__int64', '__int128'):
+            yield from signed(t)
+
+        # floating point types
+        # --------------------
+        yield from ('_Decimal32', '_Decimal64', '_Decimal128')
+        for f in ('float', 'double', 'long double'):
+            yield f
+            yield from (f + "  _Complex", f + "  complex")
+            yield from ("_Complex  " + f, "complex  " + f)
+            yield from ("_Imaginary  " + f, "imaginary  " + f)
+        # extensions
+        # https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Floating-Types.html#Floating-Types
+        yield from ('__float80', '_Float64x',
+                    '__float128', '_Float128',
+                    '__ibm128')
+        # https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Half-Precision.html#Half-Precision
+        yield '__fp16'
+
+        # fixed-point types (extension)
+        # -----------------------------
+        # https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Fixed-Point.html#Fixed-Point
+        for sat in ('', '_Sat  '):
+            for t in ('_Fract', 'fract', '_Accum', 'accum'):
+                for size in ('short  ', '', 'long  ', 'long long  '):
+                    for tt in signed(size + t):
+                        yield sat + tt
+
+    for t in types():
+        input = "{key}%s foo" % t
+        output = ' '.join(input.split())
+        check('type', input, {1: 'foo'}, key='typedef', output=output)
+        if ' ' in t:
+            # try permutations of all components
+            tcs = t.split()
+            for p in itertools.permutations(tcs):
+                input = "{key}%s foo" % ' '.join(p)
+                output = ' '.join(input.split())
+                check("type", input, {1: 'foo'}, key='typedef', output=output)
+
+
+def test_domain_c_ast_type_definitions():
+    check('type', "{key}T", {1: "T"})
+
+    check('type', "{key}bool *b", {1: 'b'}, key='typedef')
+    check('type', "{key}bool *const b", {1: 'b'}, key='typedef')
+    check('type', "{key}bool *const *b", {1: 'b'}, key='typedef')
+    check('type', "{key}bool *volatile *b", {1: 'b'}, key='typedef')
+    check('type', "{key}bool *restrict *b", {1: 'b'}, key='typedef')
+    check('type', "{key}bool *volatile const b", {1: 'b'}, key='typedef')
+    check('type', "{key}bool *volatile const b", {1: 'b'}, key='typedef')
+    check('type', "{key}bool *volatile const *b", {1: 'b'}, key='typedef')
+    check('type', "{key}bool b[]", {1: 'b'}, key='typedef')
+    check('type', "{key}long long int foo", {1: 'foo'}, key='typedef')
+    # test decl specs on right
+    check('type', "{key}bool const b", {1: 'b'}, key='typedef')
+
+    # from breathe#267 (named function parameters for function pointers
+    check('type', '{key}void (*gpio_callback_t)(struct device *port, uint32_t pin)',
+          {1: 'gpio_callback_t'}, key='typedef')
+
+
+def test_domain_c_ast_macro_definitions():
+    check('macro', 'M', {1: 'M'})
+    check('macro', 'M()', {1: 'M'})
+    check('macro', 'M(arg)', {1: 'M'})
+    check('macro', 'M(arg1, arg2)', {1: 'M'})
+    check('macro', 'M(arg1, arg2, arg3)', {1: 'M'})
+    check('macro', 'M(...)', {1: 'M'})
+    check('macro', 'M(arg, ...)', {1: 'M'})
+    check('macro', 'M(arg1, arg2, ...)', {1: 'M'})
+    check('macro', 'M(arg1, arg2, arg3, ...)', {1: 'M'})
+    # GNU extension
+    check('macro', 'M(arg1, arg2, arg3...)', {1: 'M'})
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        check('macro', 'M(arg1, arg2..., arg3)', {1: 'M'})
+
+
+def test_domain_c_ast_member_definitions():
+    check('member', 'void a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', '_Bool a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'bool a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'char a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'int a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'float a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'double a', {1: 'a'})
+
+    check('member', 'unsigned long a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', '__int64 a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'unsigned __int64 a', {1: 'a'})
+
+    check('member', 'int .a', {1: 'a'})
+
+    check('member', 'int *a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'int **a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'const int a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'volatile int a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'restrict int a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'volatile const int a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'restrict const int a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'restrict volatile int a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'restrict volatile const int a', {1: 'a'})
+
+    check('member', 'T t', {1: 't'})
+
+    check('member', 'int a[]', {1: 'a'})
+
+    check('member', 'int (*p)[]', {1: 'p'})
+
+    check('member', 'int a[42]', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'int a = 42', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'T a = {}', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'T a = {1}', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'T a = {1, 2}', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'T a = {1, 2, 3}', {1: 'a'})
+
+    # test from issue #1539
+    check('member', 'CK_UTF8CHAR model[16]', {1: 'model'})
+
+    check('member', 'auto int a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'register int a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'extern int a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'static int a', {1: 'a'})
+
+    check('member', 'thread_local int a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', '_Thread_local int a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'extern thread_local int a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'thread_local extern int a', {1: 'a'},
+          'extern thread_local int a')
+    check('member', 'static thread_local int a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'thread_local static int a', {1: 'a'},
+          'static thread_local int a')
+
+    check('member', 'int b : 3', {1: 'b'})
+
+
+def test_domain_c_ast_function_definitions():
+    check('function', 'void f()', {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int)', {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int i)', {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int i, int j)', {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', 'void f(...)', {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int i, ...)', {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', 'void f(struct T)', {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', 'void f(struct T t)', {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', 'void f(union T)', {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', 'void f(union T t)', {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', 'void f(enum T)', {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', 'void f(enum T t)', {1: 'f'})
+
+    # test from issue #1539
+    check('function', 'void f(A x[])', {1: 'f'})
+
+    # test from issue #2377
+    check('function', 'void (*signal(int sig, void (*func)(int)))(int)', {1: 'signal'})
+
+    check('function', 'extern void f()', {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', 'static void f()', {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', 'inline void f()', {1: 'f'})
+
+    # tests derived from issue #1753 (skip to keep sanity)
+    check('function', "void f(float *q(double))", {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', "void f(float *(*q)(double))", {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', "void f(float (*q)(double))", {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', "int (*f(double d))(float)", {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', "int (*f(bool b))[5]", {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', "void f(int *const p)", {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', "void f(int *volatile const p)", {1: 'f'})
+
+    # from breathe#223
+    check('function', 'void f(struct E e)', {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', 'void f(enum E e)', {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', 'void f(union E e)', {1: 'f'})
+
+    # array declarators
+    check('function', 'void f(int arr[])', {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int arr[*])', {1: 'f'})
+    cvrs = ['', 'const', 'volatile', 'restrict', 'restrict volatile const']
+    for cvr in cvrs:
+        space = ' ' if len(cvr) != 0 else ''
+        check('function', f'void f(int arr[{cvr}*])', {1: 'f'})
+        check('function', f'void f(int arr[{cvr}])', {1: 'f'})
+        check('function', f'void f(int arr[{cvr}{space}42])', {1: 'f'})
+        check('function', f'void f(int arr[static{space}{cvr} 42])', {1: 'f'})
+        check('function', f'void f(int arr[{cvr}{space}static 42])', {1: 'f'},
+              output=f'void f(int arr[static{space}{cvr} 42])')
+    check('function', 'void f(int arr[const static volatile 42])', {1: 'f'},
+          output='void f(int arr[static volatile const 42])')
+
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('function', 'void f(int for)')
+
+    # from #8960
+    check('function', 'void f(void (*p)(int, double), int i)', {1: 'f'})
+
+
+def test_domain_c_ast_nested_name():
+    check('struct', '{key}.A', {1: "A"})
+    check('struct', '{key}.A.B', {1: "A.B"})
+    check('function', 'void f(.A a)', {1: "f"})
+    check('function', 'void f(.A.B a)', {1: "f"})
+
+
+def test_domain_c_ast_struct_definitions():
+    check('struct', '{key}A', {1: 'A'})
+
+
+def test_domain_c_ast_union_definitions():
+    check('union', '{key}A', {1: 'A'})
+
+
+def test_domain_c_ast_enum_definitions():
+    check('enum', '{key}A', {1: 'A'})
+
+    check('enumerator', '{key}A', {1: 'A'})
+    check('enumerator', '{key}A = 42', {1: 'A'})
+
+
+def test_domain_c_ast_anon_definitions():
+    check('struct', '@a', {1: "@a"}, asTextOutput='struct [anonymous]')
+    check('union', '@a', {1: "@a"}, asTextOutput='union [anonymous]')
+    check('enum', '@a', {1: "@a"}, asTextOutput='enum [anonymous]')
+    check('struct', '@1', {1: "@1"}, asTextOutput='struct [anonymous]')
+    check('struct', '@a.A', {1: "@a.A"}, asTextOutput='struct [anonymous].A')
+
+
+def test_domain_c_ast_initializers():
+    idsMember = {1: 'v'}
+    idsFunction = {1: 'f'}
+    # no init
+    check('member', 'T v', idsMember)
+    check('function', 'void f(T v)', idsFunction)
+    # with '=', assignment-expression
+    check('member', 'T v = 42', idsMember)
+    check('function', 'void f(T v = 42)', idsFunction)
+    # with '=', braced-init
+    check('member', 'T v = {}', idsMember)
+    check('function', 'void f(T v = {})', idsFunction)
+    check('member', 'T v = {42, 42, 42}', idsMember)
+    check('function', 'void f(T v = {42, 42, 42})', idsFunction)
+    check('member', 'T v = {42, 42, 42,}', idsMember)
+    check('function', 'void f(T v = {42, 42, 42,})', idsFunction)
+    # TODO: designator-list
+
+
+def test_domain_c_ast_attributes():
+    # style: C++
+    check('member', '[[]] int f', {1: 'f'})
+    check('member', '[ [ ] ] int f', {1: 'f'},
+          # this will fail when the proper grammar is implemented
+          output='[[ ]] int f')
+    check('member', '[[a]] int f', {1: 'f'})
+    # style: GNU
+    check('member', '__attribute__(()) int f', {1: 'f'})
+    check('member', '__attribute__((a)) int f', {1: 'f'})
+    check('member', '__attribute__((a, b)) int f', {1: 'f'})
+    check('member', '__attribute__((optimize(3))) int f', {1: 'f'})
+    check('member', '__attribute__((format(printf, 1, 2))) int f', {1: 'f'})
+    # style: user-defined id
+    check('member', 'id_attr int f', {1: 'f'})
+    # style: user-defined paren
+    check('member', 'paren_attr() int f', {1: 'f'})
+    check('member', 'paren_attr(a) int f', {1: 'f'})
+    check('member', 'paren_attr("") int f', {1: 'f'})
+    check('member', 'paren_attr(()[{}][]{}) int f', {1: 'f'})
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('member', 'paren_attr(() int f')
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('member', 'paren_attr([) int f')
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('member', 'paren_attr({) int f')
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('member', 'paren_attr([)]) int f')
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('member', 'paren_attr((])) int f')
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('member', 'paren_attr({]}) int f')
+
+    # position: decl specs
+    check('function', 'static inline __attribute__(()) void f()', {1: 'f'},
+          output='__attribute__(()) static inline void f()')
+    check('function', '[[attr1]] [[attr2]] void f()', {1: 'f'})
+    # position: declarator
+    check('member', 'int *[[attr1]] [[attr2]] i', {1: 'i'})
+    check('member', 'int *const [[attr1]] [[attr2]] volatile i', {1: 'i'},
+          output='int *[[attr1]] [[attr2]] volatile const i')
+    check('member', 'int *[[attr1]] [[attr2]] *i', {1: 'i'})
+    # position: parameters
+    check('function', 'void f() [[attr1]] [[attr2]]', {1: 'f'})
+
+    # position: enumerator
+    check('enumerator', '{key}Foo [[attr1]] [[attr2]]', {1: 'Foo'})
+    check('enumerator', '{key}Foo [[attr1]] [[attr2]] = 42', {1: 'Foo'})
+
+    # issue michaeljones/breathe#500
+    check('function', 'LIGHTGBM_C_EXPORT int LGBM_BoosterFree(int handle)',
+          {1: 'LGBM_BoosterFree'})
+
+
+def test_extra_keywords():
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError,
+                       match='Expected identifier in nested name'):
+        parse('function', 'void complex(void)')
+
+
+# def test_print():
+#     # used for getting all the ids out for checking
+#     for a in ids:
+#         print(a)
+#     raise DefinitionError
+
+
+def split_warnigns(warning):
+    ws = warning.getvalue().split("\n")
+    assert len(ws) >= 1
+    assert ws[-1] == ""
+    return ws[:-1]
+
+
+def filter_warnings(warning, file):
+    lines = split_warnigns(warning)
+    res = [l for l in lines if "domain-c" in l and f"{file}.rst" in l and
+           "WARNING: document isn't included in any toctree" not in l]
+    print(f"Filtered warnings for file '{file}':")
+    for w in res:
+        print(w)
+    return res
+
+
+def extract_role_links(app, filename):
+    t = (app.outdir / filename).read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    lis = [l for l in t.split('\n') if l.startswith("<li")]
+    entries = []
+    for l in lis:
+        li = ElementTree.fromstring(l)  # NoQA: S314  # using known data in tests
+        aList = list(li.iter('a'))
+        assert len(aList) == 1
+        a = aList[0]
+        target = a.attrib['href'].lstrip('#')
+        title = a.attrib['title']
+        assert len(a) == 1
+        code = a[0]
+        assert code.tag == 'code'
+        text = ''.join(code.itertext())
+        entries.append((target, title, text))
+    return entries
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-c', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
+def test_domain_c_build(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "index")
+    assert len(ws) == 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-c', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
+def test_domain_c_build_namespace(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "namespace")
+    assert len(ws) == 0
+    t = (app.outdir / "namespace.html").read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    for id_ in ('NS.NSVar', 'NULLVar', 'ZeroVar', 'NS2.NS3.NS2NS3Var', 'PopVar'):
+        assert f'id="c.{id_}"' in t
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-c', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
+def test_domain_c_build_anon_dup_decl(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "anon-dup-decl")
+    assert len(ws) == 2
+    assert "WARNING: c:identifier reference target not found: @a" in ws[0]
+    assert "WARNING: c:identifier reference target not found: @b" in ws[1]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
+def test_domain_c_build_semicolon(app, warning):
+    text = """
+.. c:member:: int member;
+.. c:var:: int var;
+.. c:function:: void f();
+.. .. c:macro:: NO_SEMICOLON;
+.. c:struct:: Struct;
+.. c:union:: Union;
+.. c:enum:: Enum;
+.. c:enumerator:: Enumerator;
+.. c:type:: Type;
+.. c:type:: int TypeDef;
+"""
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    ws = split_warnigns(warning)
+    assert len(ws) == 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-c', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
+def test_domain_c_build_function_param_target(app, warning):
+    # the anchor for function parameters should be the function
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "function_param_target")
+    assert len(ws) == 0
+    entries = extract_role_links(app, "function_param_target.html")
+    assert entries == [
+        ('c.function_param_target.f', 'i', 'i'),
+        ('c.function_param_target.f', 'f.i', 'f.i'),
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-c', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
+def test_domain_c_build_ns_lookup(app, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "ns_lookup")
+    assert len(ws) == 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-c', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
+def test_domain_c_build_field_role(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "field-role")
+    assert len(ws) == 0
+
+
+def _get_obj(app, queryName):
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('c')
+    for name, _dispname, objectType, docname, anchor, _prio in domain.get_objects():
+        if name == queryName:
+            return (docname, anchor, objectType)
+    return (queryName, "not", "found")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-c-intersphinx', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
+def test_domain_c_build_intersphinx(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
+    # a splitting of test_ids_vs_tags0 into the primary directives in a remote project,
+    # and then the references in the test project
+    origSource = """\
+.. c:member:: int _member
+.. c:var:: int _var
+.. c:function:: void _function()
+.. c:macro:: _macro
+.. c:struct:: _struct
+.. c:union:: _union
+.. c:enum:: _enum
+
+    .. c:enumerator:: _enumerator
+
+.. c:type:: _type
+.. c:function:: void _functionParam(int param)
+"""  # NoQA: F841
+    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
+    inv_file.write_bytes(b'''\
+# Sphinx inventory version 2
+# Project: C Intersphinx Test
+# Version: 
+# The remainder of this file is compressed using zlib.
+''' + zlib.compress(b'''\
+_enum c:enum 1 index.html#c.$ -
+_enum._enumerator c:enumerator 1 index.html#c.$ -
+_enumerator c:enumerator 1 index.html#c._enum.$ -
+_function c:function 1 index.html#c.$ -
+_functionParam c:function 1 index.html#c.$ -
+_functionParam.param c:functionParam 1 index.html#c._functionParam -
+_macro c:macro 1 index.html#c.$ -
+_member c:member 1 index.html#c.$ -
+_struct c:struct 1 index.html#c.$ -
+_type c:type 1 index.html#c.$ -
+_union c:union 1 index.html#c.$ -
+_var c:member 1 index.html#c.$ -
+'''))  # NoQA: W291
+    app.config.intersphinx_mapping = {
+        'https://localhost/intersphinx/c/': str(inv_file),
+    }
+    app.config.intersphinx_cache_limit = 0
+    # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
+    load_mappings(app)
+
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "index")
+    assert len(ws) == 0
+
+
+def test_domain_c_parse_cfunction(app):
+    text = (".. c:function:: PyObject* "
+            "PyType_GenericAlloc(PyTypeObject *type, Py_ssize_t nitems)")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="c", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+
+    entry = _get_obj(app, 'PyType_GenericAlloc')
+    assert entry == ('index', 'c.PyType_GenericAlloc', 'function')
+
+
+def test_domain_c_parse_cmember(app):
+    text = ".. c:member:: PyObject* PyTypeObject.tp_bases"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="member",
+                domain="c", objtype="member", no_index=False)
+
+    entry = _get_obj(app, 'PyTypeObject.tp_bases')
+    assert entry == ('index', 'c.PyTypeObject.tp_bases', 'member')
+
+
+def test_domain_c_parse_cvar(app):
+    text = ".. c:var:: PyObject* PyClass_Type"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="var",
+                domain="c", objtype="var", no_index=False)
+
+    entry = _get_obj(app, 'PyClass_Type')
+    assert entry == ('index', 'c.PyClass_Type', 'member')
+
+
+def test_domain_c_parse_no_index_entry(app):
+    text = (".. c:function:: void f()\n"
+            ".. c:function:: void g()\n"
+            "   :no-index-entry:\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index, desc, addnodes.index, desc))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'f (C function)', 'c.f', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[2], addnodes.index, entries=[])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'c_maximum_signature_line_length': len("str hello(str name)"),
+})
+def test_cfunction_signature_with_c_maximum_signature_line_length_equal(app):
+    text = ".. c:function:: str hello(str name)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_signature_line, (
+                    pending_xref,
+                    desc_sig_space,
+                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, "hello"]],
+                    desc_parameterlist,
+                )],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="c", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, "str"]],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [desc_sig_name, "name"],
+    )])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'c_maximum_signature_line_length': len("str hello(str name)"),
+})
+def test_cfunction_signature_with_c_maximum_signature_line_length_force_single(app):
+    text = (".. c:function:: str hello(str names)\n"
+            "   :single-line-parameter-list:")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_signature_line, (
+                    pending_xref,
+                    desc_sig_space,
+                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, "hello"]],
+                    desc_parameterlist,
+                )],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="c", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, "str"]],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [desc_sig_name, "names"],
+    )])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'c_maximum_signature_line_length': len("str hello(str name)"),
+})
+def test_cfunction_signature_with_c_maximum_signature_line_length_break(app):
+    text = ".. c:function:: str hello(str names)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_signature_line, (
+                    pending_xref,
+                    desc_sig_space,
+                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, "hello"]],
+                    desc_parameterlist,
+                )],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="c", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, "str"]],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [desc_sig_name, "names"],
+    )])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=True)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'maximum_signature_line_length': len("str hello(str name)"),
+})
+def test_cfunction_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_equal(app):
+    text = ".. c:function:: str hello(str name)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_signature_line, (
+                    pending_xref,
+                    desc_sig_space,
+                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, "hello"]],
+                    desc_parameterlist,
+                )],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="c", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, "str"]],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [desc_sig_name, "name"],
+    )])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'maximum_signature_line_length': len("str hello(str name)"),
+})
+def test_cfunction_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_force_single(app):
+    text = (".. c:function:: str hello(str names)\n"
+            "   :single-line-parameter-list:")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_signature_line, (
+                    pending_xref,
+                    desc_sig_space,
+                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, "hello"]],
+                    desc_parameterlist,
+                )],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="c", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, "str"]],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [desc_sig_name, "names"],
+    )])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'maximum_signature_line_length': len("str hello(str name)"),
+})
+def test_cfunction_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_break(app):
+    text = ".. c:function:: str hello(str names)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_signature_line, (
+                    pending_xref,
+                    desc_sig_space,
+                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, "hello"]],
+                    desc_parameterlist,
+                )],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="c", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, "str"]],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [desc_sig_name, "names"],
+    )])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=True)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'c_maximum_signature_line_length': len('str hello(str name)'),
+    'maximum_signature_line_length': 1,
+})
+def test_c_maximum_signature_line_length_overrides_global(app):
+    text = '.. c:function:: str hello(str name)'
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_signature_line, (
+                    pending_xref,
+                    desc_sig_space,
+                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, 'hello']],
+                    desc_parameterlist,
+                )]
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype='function',
+                domain='c', objtype='function', no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, "str"]],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [desc_sig_name, 'name'],
+    )])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='domain-c-c_maximum_signature_line_length')
+def test_domain_c_c_maximum_signature_line_length_in_html(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf-8')
+    expected = """\
+
+<dl>
+<dd>\
+<span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span>\
+<span class="w"> </span>\
+<span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span>,\
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<span class="sig-paren">)</span>\
+<a class="headerlink" href="#c.hello" title="Link to this definition">¶</a>\
+<br />\
+</dt>
+"""
+    assert expected in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'text', testroot='domain-c-c_maximum_signature_line_length',
+)
+def test_domain_c_c_maximum_signature_line_length_in_text(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    param_line_fmt = STDINDENT * " " + "{}\n"
+
+    expected_parameter_list_hello = "(\n{})".format(param_line_fmt.format("str name,"))
+
+    assert expected_parameter_list_hello in content
diff --git a/tests/test_domains/test_domain_cpp.py b/tests/test_domains/test_domain_cpp.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..abd0f82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_domains/test_domain_cpp.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1753 @@
+"""Tests the C++ Domain"""
+
+import itertools
+import re
+import zlib
+
+import pytest
+
+import sphinx.domains.cpp
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.addnodes import (
+    desc,
+    desc_content,
+    desc_name,
+    desc_parameter,
+    desc_parameterlist,
+    desc_sig_name,
+    desc_sig_space,
+    desc_signature,
+    desc_signature_line,
+    pending_xref,
+)
+from sphinx.domains.cpp._ids import _id_prefix, _max_id
+from sphinx.domains.cpp._parser import DefinitionParser
+from sphinx.domains.cpp._symbol import Symbol
+from sphinx.ext.intersphinx import load_mappings, normalize_intersphinx_mapping
+from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+from sphinx.util.cfamily import DefinitionError, NoOldIdError
+from sphinx.writers.text import STDINDENT
+
+
+def parse(name, string):
+    class Config:
+        cpp_id_attributes = ["id_attr"]
+        cpp_paren_attributes = ["paren_attr"]
+    parser = DefinitionParser(string, location=None, config=Config())
+    parser.allowFallbackExpressionParsing = False
+    ast = parser.parse_declaration(name, name)
+    parser.assert_end()
+    # The scopedness would usually have been set by CPPEnumObject
+    if name == "enum":
+        ast.scoped = None  # simulate unscoped enum
+    return ast
+
+
+def _check(name, input, idDict, output, key, asTextOutput):
+    if key is None:
+        key = name
+    key += ' '
+    if name in ('function', 'member'):
+        inputActual = input
+        outputAst = output
+        outputAsText = output
+    else:
+        inputActual = input.format(key='')
+        outputAst = output.format(key='')
+        outputAsText = output.format(key=key)
+    if asTextOutput is not None:
+        outputAsText = asTextOutput
+
+    # first a simple check of the AST
+    ast = parse(name, inputActual)
+    res = str(ast)
+    if res != outputAst:
+        print()
+        print("Input:    ", input)
+        print("Result:   ", res)
+        print("Expected: ", outputAst)
+        raise DefinitionError
+    rootSymbol = Symbol(None, None, None, None, None, None, None)
+    symbol = rootSymbol.add_declaration(ast, docname="TestDoc", line=42)
+    parentNode = addnodes.desc()
+    signode = addnodes.desc_signature(input, '')
+    parentNode += signode
+    ast.describe_signature(signode, 'lastIsName', symbol, options={})
+    resAsText = parentNode.astext()
+    if resAsText != outputAsText:
+        print()
+        print("Input:    ", input)
+        print("astext(): ", resAsText)
+        print("Expected: ", outputAsText)
+        print("Node:", parentNode)
+        raise DefinitionError
+
+    idExpected = [None]
+    for i in range(1, _max_id + 1):
+        if i in idDict:
+            idExpected.append(idDict[i])
+        else:
+            idExpected.append(idExpected[i - 1])
+    idActual = [None]
+    for i in range(1, _max_id + 1):
+        try:
+            id = ast.get_id(version=i)
+            assert id is not None
+            idActual.append(id[len(_id_prefix[i]):])
+        except NoOldIdError:
+            idActual.append(None)
+
+    res = [True]
+    for i in range(1, _max_id + 1):
+        res.append(idExpected[i] == idActual[i])
+
+    if not all(res):
+        print("input:    %s" % input.rjust(20))
+        for i in range(1, _max_id + 1):
+            if res[i]:
+                continue
+            print("Error in id version %d." % i)
+            print("result:   %s" % idActual[i])
+            print("expected: %s" % idExpected[i])
+        print(rootSymbol.dump(0))
+        raise DefinitionError
+
+
+def check(name, input, idDict, output=None, key=None, asTextOutput=None):
+    if output is None:
+        output = input
+    # First, check without semicolon
+    _check(name, input, idDict, output, key, asTextOutput)
+    # Second, check with semicolon
+    _check(name, input + ' ;', idDict, output + ';', key,
+           asTextOutput + ';' if asTextOutput is not None else None)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('type_', 'id_v2'),
+                         sphinx.domains.cpp._ids._id_fundamental_v2.items())
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_fundamental_types(type_, id_v2):
+    # see https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/types
+    def make_id_v1():
+        if type_ == 'decltype(auto)':
+            return None
+        id_ = type_.replace(" ", "-").replace("long", "l")
+        if "__int" not in type_:
+            id_ = id_.replace("int", "i")
+        id_ = id_.replace("bool", "b").replace("char", "c")
+        id_ = id_.replace("wc_t", "wchar_t").replace("c16_t", "char16_t")
+        id_ = id_.replace("c8_t", "char8_t")
+        id_ = id_.replace("c32_t", "char32_t")
+        return f"f__{id_}"
+
+    def make_id_v2():
+        id_ = id_v2
+        if type_ == "std::nullptr_t":
+            id_ = "NSt9nullptr_tE"
+        return f"1f{id_}"
+
+    id1 = make_id_v1()
+    id2 = make_id_v2()
+
+    input = f"void f({type_.replace(' ', '  ')} arg)"
+    output = f"void f({type_} arg)"
+
+    check("function", input, {1: id1, 2: id2}, output=output)
+    if ' ' in type_:
+        # try permutations of all components
+        tcs = type_.split()
+        for p in itertools.permutations(tcs):
+            input = f"void f({' '.join(p)} arg)"
+            check("function", input, {1: id1, 2: id2})
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_expressions():
+    def exprCheck(expr, id, id4=None):
+        ids = 'IE1CIA%s_1aE'
+        # call .format() on the expr to unescape double curly braces
+        idDict = {2: ids % expr.format(), 3: ids % id}
+        if id4 is not None:
+            idDict[4] = ids % id4
+        check('class', 'template<> {key}C<a[%s]>' % expr, idDict)
+
+        class Config:
+            cpp_id_attributes = ["id_attr"]
+            cpp_paren_attributes = ["paren_attr"]
+
+        parser = DefinitionParser(expr, location=None,
+                                  config=Config())
+        parser.allowFallbackExpressionParsing = False
+        ast = parser.parse_expression()
+        res = str(ast)
+        if res != expr:
+            print()
+            print("Input:    ", expr)
+            print("Result:   ", res)
+            raise DefinitionError
+        displayString = ast.get_display_string()
+        if res != displayString:
+            # note: if the expression contains an anon name then this will trigger a falsely
+            print()
+            print("Input:    ", expr)
+            print("Result:   ", res)
+            print("Display:  ", displayString)
+            raise DefinitionError
+
+    # primary
+    exprCheck('nullptr', 'LDnE')
+    exprCheck('true', 'L1E')
+    exprCheck('false', 'L0E')
+    ints = ['5', '0', '075', '0x0123456789ABCDEF', '0XF', '0b1', '0B1',
+            "0b0'1'0", "00'1'2", "0x0'1'2", "1'2'3"]
+    unsignedSuffix = ['', 'u', 'U']
+    longSuffix = ['', 'l', 'L', 'll', 'LL']
+    for i in ints:
+        for u in unsignedSuffix:
+            for l in longSuffix:
+                expr = i + u + l
+                exprCheck(expr, 'L' + expr.replace("'", "") + 'E')
+                expr = i + l + u
+                exprCheck(expr, 'L' + expr.replace("'", "") + 'E')
+    decimalFloats = ['5e42', '5e+42', '5e-42',
+                     '5.', '5.e42', '5.e+42', '5.e-42',
+                     '.5', '.5e42', '.5e+42', '.5e-42',
+                     '5.0', '5.0e42', '5.0e+42', '5.0e-42',
+                     "1'2'3e7'8'9", "1'2'3.e7'8'9",
+                     ".4'5'6e7'8'9", "1'2'3.4'5'6e7'8'9"]
+    hexFloats = ['ApF', 'Ap+F', 'Ap-F',
+                 'A.', 'A.pF', 'A.p+F', 'A.p-F',
+                 '.A', '.ApF', '.Ap+F', '.Ap-F',
+                 'A.B', 'A.BpF', 'A.Bp+F', 'A.Bp-F',
+                 "A'B'Cp1'2'3", "A'B'C.p1'2'3",
+                 ".D'E'Fp1'2'3", "A'B'C.D'E'Fp1'2'3"]
+    for suffix in ['', 'f', 'F', 'l', 'L']:
+        for e in decimalFloats:
+            expr = e + suffix
+            exprCheck(expr, 'L' + expr.replace("'", "") + 'E')
+        for e in hexFloats:
+            expr = "0x" + e + suffix
+            exprCheck(expr, 'L' + expr.replace("'", "") + 'E')
+    exprCheck('"abc\\"cba"', 'LA8_KcE')  # string
+    exprCheck('this', 'fpT')
+    # character literals
+    charPrefixAndIds = [('', 'c'), ('u8', 'c'), ('u', 'Ds'), ('U', 'Di'), ('L', 'w')]
+    chars = [('a', '97'), ('\\n', '10'), ('\\012', '10'), ('\\0', '0'),
+             ('\\x0a', '10'), ('\\x0A', '10'), ('\\u0a42', '2626'), ('\\u0A42', '2626'),
+             ('\\U0001f34c', '127820'), ('\\U0001F34C', '127820')]
+    for p, t in charPrefixAndIds:
+        for c, val in chars:
+            exprCheck(f"{p}'{c}'", t + val)
+    # user-defined literals
+    for i in ints:
+        exprCheck(i + '_udl', 'clL_Zli4_udlEL' + i.replace("'", "") + 'EE')
+        exprCheck(i + 'uludl', 'clL_Zli5uludlEL' + i.replace("'", "") + 'EE')
+    for f in decimalFloats:
+        exprCheck(f + '_udl', 'clL_Zli4_udlEL' + f.replace("'", "") + 'EE')
+        exprCheck(f + 'fudl', 'clL_Zli4fudlEL' + f.replace("'", "") + 'EE')
+    for f in hexFloats:
+        exprCheck('0x' + f + '_udl', 'clL_Zli4_udlEL0x' + f.replace("'", "") + 'EE')
+    for p, t in charPrefixAndIds:
+        for c, val in chars:
+            exprCheck(f"{p}'{c}'_udl", 'clL_Zli4_udlE' + t + val + 'E')
+    exprCheck('"abc"_udl', 'clL_Zli4_udlELA3_KcEE')
+    # from issue #7294
+    exprCheck('6.62607015e-34q_J', 'clL_Zli3q_JEL6.62607015e-34EE')
+
+    # fold expressions, paren, name
+    exprCheck('(... + Ns)', '(... + Ns)', id4='flpl2Ns')
+    exprCheck('(Ns + ...)', '(Ns + ...)', id4='frpl2Ns')
+    exprCheck('(Ns + ... + 0)', '(Ns + ... + 0)', id4='fLpl2NsL0E')
+    exprCheck('(5)', 'L5E')
+    exprCheck('C', '1C')
+    # postfix
+    exprCheck('A(2)', 'cl1AL2EE')
+    exprCheck('A[2]', 'ix1AL2E')
+    exprCheck('a.b.c', 'dtdt1a1b1c')
+    exprCheck('a->b->c', 'ptpt1a1b1c')
+    exprCheck('i++', 'pp1i')
+    exprCheck('i--', 'mm1i')
+    exprCheck('dynamic_cast<T&>(i)++', 'ppdcR1T1i')
+    exprCheck('static_cast<T&>(i)++', 'ppscR1T1i')
+    exprCheck('reinterpret_cast<T&>(i)++', 'pprcR1T1i')
+    exprCheck('const_cast<T&>(i)++', 'ppccR1T1i')
+    exprCheck('typeid(T).name', 'dtti1T4name')
+    exprCheck('typeid(a + b).name', 'dttepl1a1b4name')
+    # unary
+    exprCheck('++5', 'pp_L5E')
+    exprCheck('--5', 'mm_L5E')
+    exprCheck('*5', 'deL5E')
+    exprCheck('&5', 'adL5E')
+    exprCheck('+5', 'psL5E')
+    exprCheck('-5', 'ngL5E')
+    exprCheck('!5', 'ntL5E')
+    exprCheck('not 5', 'ntL5E')
+    exprCheck('~5', 'coL5E')
+    exprCheck('compl 5', 'coL5E')
+    exprCheck('sizeof...(a)', 'sZ1a')
+    exprCheck('sizeof(T)', 'st1T')
+    exprCheck('sizeof -42', 'szngL42E')
+    exprCheck('alignof(T)', 'at1T')
+    exprCheck('noexcept(-42)', 'nxngL42E')
+    # new-expression
+    exprCheck('new int', 'nw_iE')
+    exprCheck('new volatile int', 'nw_ViE')
+    exprCheck('new int[42]', 'nw_AL42E_iE')
+    exprCheck('new int()', 'nw_ipiE')
+    exprCheck('new int(5, 42)', 'nw_ipiL5EL42EE')
+    exprCheck('::new int', 'nw_iE')
+    exprCheck('new int{{}}', 'nw_iilE')
+    exprCheck('new int{{5, 42}}', 'nw_iilL5EL42EE')
+    # delete-expression
+    exprCheck('delete p', 'dl1p')
+    exprCheck('delete [] p', 'da1p')
+    exprCheck('::delete p', 'dl1p')
+    exprCheck('::delete [] p', 'da1p')
+    # cast
+    exprCheck('(int)2', 'cviL2E')
+    # binary op
+    exprCheck('5 || 42', 'ooL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 or 42', 'ooL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 && 42', 'aaL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 and 42', 'aaL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 | 42', 'orL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 bitor 42', 'orL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 ^ 42', 'eoL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 xor 42', 'eoL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 & 42', 'anL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 bitand 42', 'anL5EL42E')
+    # ['==', '!=']
+    exprCheck('5 == 42', 'eqL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 != 42', 'neL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 not_eq 42', 'neL5EL42E')
+    # ['<=', '>=', '<', '>', '<=>']
+    exprCheck('5 <= 42', 'leL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('A <= 42', 'le1AL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 >= 42', 'geL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 < 42', 'ltL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('A < 42', 'lt1AL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 > 42', 'gtL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('A > 42', 'gt1AL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 <=> 42', 'ssL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('A <=> 42', 'ss1AL42E')
+    # ['<<', '>>']
+    exprCheck('5 << 42', 'lsL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('A << 42', 'ls1AL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 >> 42', 'rsL5EL42E')
+    # ['+', '-']
+    exprCheck('5 + 42', 'plL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 - 42', 'miL5EL42E')
+    # ['*', '/', '%']
+    exprCheck('5 * 42', 'mlL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 / 42', 'dvL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 % 42', 'rmL5EL42E')
+    # ['.*', '->*']
+    exprCheck('5 .* 42', 'dsL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 ->* 42', 'pmL5EL42E')
+    # conditional
+    exprCheck('5 ? 7 : 3', 'quL5EL7EL3E')
+    # assignment
+    exprCheck('a = 5', 'aS1aL5E')
+    exprCheck('a *= 5', 'mL1aL5E')
+    exprCheck('a /= 5', 'dV1aL5E')
+    exprCheck('a %= 5', 'rM1aL5E')
+    exprCheck('a += 5', 'pL1aL5E')
+    exprCheck('a -= 5', 'mI1aL5E')
+    exprCheck('a >>= 5', 'rS1aL5E')
+    exprCheck('a <<= 5', 'lS1aL5E')
+    exprCheck('a &= 5', 'aN1aL5E')
+    exprCheck('a and_eq 5', 'aN1aL5E')
+    exprCheck('a ^= 5', 'eO1aL5E')
+    exprCheck('a xor_eq 5', 'eO1aL5E')
+    exprCheck('a |= 5', 'oR1aL5E')
+    exprCheck('a or_eq 5', 'oR1aL5E')
+    exprCheck('a = {{1, 2, 3}}', 'aS1ailL1EL2EL3EE')
+    # complex assignment and conditional
+    exprCheck('5 = 6 = 7', 'aSL5EaSL6EL7E')
+    exprCheck('5 = 6 ? 7 = 8 : 3', 'aSL5EquL6EaSL7EL8EL3E')
+    # comma operator
+    exprCheck('a, 5', 'cm1aL5E')
+
+    # Additional tests
+    # a < expression that starts with something that could be a template
+    exprCheck('A < 42', 'lt1AL42E')
+    check('function', 'template<> void f(A<B, 2> &v)',
+          {2: "IE1fR1AI1BX2EE", 3: "IE1fR1AI1BXL2EEE", 4: "IE1fvR1AI1BXL2EEE"})
+    exprCheck('A<1>::value', 'N1AIXL1EEE5valueE')
+    check('class', "template<int T = 42> {key}A", {2: "I_iE1A"})
+    check('enumerator', '{key}A = std::numeric_limits<unsigned long>::max()', {2: "1A"})
+
+    exprCheck('operator()()', 'clclE')
+    exprCheck('operator()<int>()', 'clclIiEE')
+
+    # pack expansion
+    exprCheck('a(b(c, 1 + d...)..., e(f..., g))', 'cl1aspcl1b1cspplL1E1dEcl1esp1f1gEE')
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_type_definitions():
+    check("type", "public bool b", {1: "b", 2: "1b"}, "{key}bool b", key='typedef')
+    check("type", "{key}bool A::b", {1: "A::b", 2: "N1A1bE"}, key='typedef')
+    check("type", "{key}bool *b", {1: "b", 2: "1b"}, key='typedef')
+    check("type", "{key}bool *const b", {1: "b", 2: "1b"}, key='typedef')
+    check("type", "{key}bool *volatile const b", {1: "b", 2: "1b"}, key='typedef')
+    check("type", "{key}bool *volatile const b", {1: "b", 2: "1b"}, key='typedef')
+    check("type", "{key}bool *volatile const *b", {1: "b", 2: "1b"}, key='typedef')
+    check("type", "{key}bool &b", {1: "b", 2: "1b"}, key='typedef')
+    check("type", "{key}bool b[]", {1: "b", 2: "1b"}, key='typedef')
+    check("type", "{key}std::pair<int, int> coord", {1: "coord", 2: "5coord"}, key='typedef')
+    check("type", "{key}long long int foo", {1: "foo", 2: "3foo"}, key='typedef')
+    check("type", '{key}std::vector<std::pair<std::string, long long>> module::blah',
+          {1: "module::blah", 2: "N6module4blahE"}, key='typedef')
+    check("type", "{key}std::function<void()> F", {1: "F", 2: "1F"}, key='typedef')
+    check("type", "{key}std::function<R(A1, A2)> F", {1: "F", 2: "1F"}, key='typedef')
+    check("type", "{key}std::function<R(A1, A2, A3)> F", {1: "F", 2: "1F"}, key='typedef')
+    check("type", "{key}std::function<R(A1, A2, A3, As...)> F", {1: "F", 2: "1F"}, key='typedef')
+    check("type", "{key}MyContainer::const_iterator",
+          {1: "MyContainer::const_iterator", 2: "N11MyContainer14const_iteratorE"})
+    check("type",
+          "public MyContainer::const_iterator",
+          {1: "MyContainer::const_iterator", 2: "N11MyContainer14const_iteratorE"},
+          output="{key}MyContainer::const_iterator")
+    # test decl specs on right
+    check("type", "{key}bool const b", {1: "b", 2: "1b"}, key='typedef')
+    # test name in global scope
+    check("type", "{key}bool ::B::b", {1: "B::b", 2: "N1B1bE"}, key='typedef')
+
+    check('type', '{key}A = B', {2: '1A'}, key='using')
+    check('type', '{key}A = decltype(b)', {2: '1A'}, key='using')
+
+    # from breathe#267 (named function parameters for function pointers
+    check('type', '{key}void (*gpio_callback_t)(struct device *port, uint32_t pin)',
+          {1: 'gpio_callback_t', 2: '15gpio_callback_t'}, key='typedef')
+    check('type', '{key}void (*f)(std::function<void(int i)> g)', {1: 'f', 2: '1f'},
+          key='typedef')
+
+    check('type', '{key}T = A::template B<int>::template C<double>', {2: '1T'}, key='using')
+
+    check('type', '{key}T = Q<A::operator()>', {2: '1T'}, key='using')
+    check('type', '{key}T = Q<A::operator()<int>>', {2: '1T'}, key='using')
+    check('type', '{key}T = Q<A::operator bool>', {2: '1T'}, key='using')
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_concept_definitions():
+    check('concept', 'template<typename Param> {key}A::B::Concept',
+          {2: 'I0EN1A1B7ConceptE'})
+    check('concept', 'template<typename A, typename B, typename ...C> {key}Foo',
+          {2: 'I00DpE3Foo'})
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('concept', '{key}Foo')
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('concept', 'template<typename T> template<typename U> {key}Foo')
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_member_definitions():
+    check('member', '  const  std::string  &  name = 42',
+          {1: "name__ssCR", 2: "4name"}, output='const std::string &name = 42')
+    check('member', '  const  std::string  &  name', {1: "name__ssCR", 2: "4name"},
+          output='const std::string &name')
+    check('member', '  const  std::string  &  name [ n ]',
+          {1: "name__ssCRA", 2: "4name"}, output='const std::string &name[n]')
+    check('member', 'const std::vector< unsigned int, long> &name',
+          {1: "name__std::vector:unsigned-i.l:CR", 2: "4name"},
+          output='const std::vector<unsigned int, long> &name')
+    check('member', 'module::myclass foo[n]', {1: "foo__module::myclassA", 2: "3foo"})
+    check('member', 'int *const p', {1: 'p__iPC', 2: '1p'})
+    check('member', 'extern int myInt', {1: 'myInt__i', 2: '5myInt'})
+    check('member', 'thread_local int myInt', {1: 'myInt__i', 2: '5myInt'})
+    check('member', 'extern thread_local int myInt', {1: 'myInt__i', 2: '5myInt'})
+    check('member', 'thread_local extern int myInt', {1: 'myInt__i', 2: '5myInt'},
+          'extern thread_local int myInt')
+
+    # tests based on https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/bit_field
+    check('member', 'int b : 3', {1: 'b__i', 2: '1b'})
+    check('member', 'int b : 8 = 42', {1: 'b__i', 2: '1b'})
+    check('member', 'int b : 8{42}', {1: 'b__i', 2: '1b'})
+    # TODO: enable once the ternary operator is supported
+    # check('member', 'int b : true ? 8 : a = 42', {1: 'b__i', 2: '1b'})
+    # TODO: enable once the ternary operator is supported
+    # check('member', 'int b : (true ? 8 : a) = 42', {1: 'b__i', 2: '1b'})
+    check('member', 'int b : 1 || new int{0}', {1: 'b__i', 2: '1b'})
+
+    check('member', 'inline int n', {1: 'n__i', 2: '1n'})
+    check('member', 'constinit int n', {1: 'n__i', 2: '1n'})
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_function_definitions():
+    check('function', 'void f(volatile int)', {1: "f__iV", 2: "1fVi"})
+    check('function', 'void f(std::size_t)', {1: "f__std::s", 2: "1fNSt6size_tE"})
+    check('function', 'operator bool() const', {1: "castto-b-operatorC", 2: "NKcvbEv"})
+    check('function', 'A::operator bool() const',
+          {1: "A::castto-b-operatorC", 2: "NK1AcvbEv"})
+    check('function', 'A::operator bool() volatile const &',
+          {1: "A::castto-b-operatorVCR", 2: "NVKR1AcvbEv"})
+    check('function', 'A::operator bool() volatile const &&',
+          {1: "A::castto-b-operatorVCO", 2: "NVKO1AcvbEv"})
+    check('function', 'bool namespaced::theclass::method(arg1, arg2)',
+          {1: "namespaced::theclass::method__arg1.arg2",
+           2: "N10namespaced8theclass6methodE4arg14arg2"})
+    x = 'std::vector<std::pair<std::string, int>> &module::test(register int ' \
+        'foo, bar, std::string baz = "foobar, blah, bleh") const = 0'
+    check('function', x, {1: "module::test__i.bar.ssC",
+                          2: "NK6module4testEi3barNSt6stringE"})
+    check('function', 'void f(std::pair<A, B>)',
+          {1: "f__std::pair:A.B:", 2: "1fNSt4pairI1A1BEE"})
+    check('function', 'explicit module::myclass::foo::foo()',
+          {1: "module::myclass::foo::foo", 2: "N6module7myclass3foo3fooEv"})
+    check('function', 'module::myclass::foo::~foo()',
+          {1: "module::myclass::foo::~foo", 2: "N6module7myclass3fooD0Ev"})
+    check('function', 'int printf(const char *fmt, ...)',
+          {1: "printf__cCP.z", 2: "6printfPKcz"})
+    check('function', 'int foo(const unsigned int j)',
+          {1: "foo__unsigned-iC", 2: "3fooKj"})
+    check('function', 'int foo(const int *const ptr)',
+          {1: "foo__iCPC", 2: "3fooPCKi"})
+    check('function', 'module::myclass::operator std::vector<std::string>()',
+          {1: "module::myclass::castto-std::vector:ss:-operator",
+           2: "N6module7myclasscvNSt6vectorINSt6stringEEEEv"})
+    check('function',
+          'void operator()(const boost::array<VertexID, 2> &v) const',
+          {1: "call-operator__boost::array:VertexID.2:CRC",
+           2: "NKclERKN5boost5arrayI8VertexIDX2EEE",
+           3: "NKclERKN5boost5arrayI8VertexIDXL2EEEE"})
+    check('function',
+          'void operator()(const boost::array<VertexID, 2, "foo,  bar"> &v) const',
+          {1: 'call-operator__boost::array:VertexID.2."foo,--bar":CRC',
+           2: 'NKclERKN5boost5arrayI8VertexIDX2EX"foo,  bar"EEE',
+           3: 'NKclERKN5boost5arrayI8VertexIDXL2EEXLA9_KcEEEE'})
+    check('function', 'MyClass::MyClass(MyClass::MyClass&&)',
+          {1: "MyClass::MyClass__MyClass::MyClassRR",
+           2: "N7MyClass7MyClassERRN7MyClass7MyClassE"})
+    check('function', 'constexpr int get_value()', {1: "get_valueCE", 2: "9get_valuev"})
+    check('function', 'static constexpr int get_value()',
+          {1: "get_valueCE", 2: "9get_valuev"})
+    check('function', 'int get_value() const noexcept',
+          {1: "get_valueC", 2: "NK9get_valueEv"})
+    check('function', 'int get_value() const noexcept(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::value)',
+          {1: "get_valueC", 2: "NK9get_valueEv"})
+    check('function', 'int get_value() const noexcept("see below")',
+          {1: "get_valueC", 2: "NK9get_valueEv"})
+    check('function', 'int get_value() const noexcept = delete',
+          {1: "get_valueC", 2: "NK9get_valueEv"})
+    check('function', 'int get_value() volatile const',
+          {1: "get_valueVC", 2: "NVK9get_valueEv"})
+    check('function', 'MyClass::MyClass(MyClass::MyClass&&) = default',
+          {1: "MyClass::MyClass__MyClass::MyClassRR",
+           2: "N7MyClass7MyClassERRN7MyClass7MyClassE"})
+    check('function', 'virtual MyClass::a_virtual_function() const override',
+          {1: "MyClass::a_virtual_functionC", 2: "NK7MyClass18a_virtual_functionEv"})
+    check('function', 'A B() override', {1: "B", 2: "1Bv"})
+    check('function', 'A B() final', {1: "B", 2: "1Bv"})
+    check('function', 'A B() final override', {1: "B", 2: "1Bv"})
+    check('function', 'A B() override final', {1: "B", 2: "1Bv"},
+          output='A B() final override')
+    check('function', 'MyClass::a_member_function() volatile',
+          {1: "MyClass::a_member_functionV", 2: "NV7MyClass17a_member_functionEv"})
+    check('function', 'MyClass::a_member_function() volatile const',
+          {1: "MyClass::a_member_functionVC", 2: "NVK7MyClass17a_member_functionEv"})
+    check('function', 'MyClass::a_member_function() &&',
+          {1: "MyClass::a_member_functionO", 2: "NO7MyClass17a_member_functionEv"})
+    check('function', 'MyClass::a_member_function() &',
+          {1: "MyClass::a_member_functionR", 2: "NR7MyClass17a_member_functionEv"})
+    check('function', 'MyClass::a_member_function() const &',
+          {1: "MyClass::a_member_functionCR", 2: "NKR7MyClass17a_member_functionEv"})
+    check('function', 'int main(int argc, char *argv[])',
+          {1: "main__i.cPA", 2: "4mainiA_Pc"})
+    check('function', 'MyClass &MyClass::operator++()',
+          {1: "MyClass::inc-operator", 2: "N7MyClassppEv"})
+    check('function', 'MyClass::pointer MyClass::operator->()',
+          {1: "MyClass::pointer-operator", 2: "N7MyClassptEv"})
+
+    x = 'std::vector<std::pair<std::string, int>> &module::test(register int ' \
+        'foo, bar[n], std::string baz = "foobar, blah, bleh") const = 0'
+    check('function', x, {1: "module::test__i.barA.ssC",
+                          2: "NK6module4testEiAn_3barNSt6stringE",
+                          3: "NK6module4testEiA1n_3barNSt6stringE"})
+    check('function',
+          'int foo(Foo f = Foo(double(), std::make_pair(int(2), double(3.4))))',
+          {1: "foo__Foo", 2: "3foo3Foo"})
+    check('function', 'int foo(A a = x(a))', {1: "foo__A", 2: "3foo1A"})
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('function', 'int foo(B b=x(a)')
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('function', 'int foo)C c=x(a))')
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('function', 'int foo(D d=x(a')
+    check('function', 'int foo(const A&... a)', {1: "foo__ACRDp", 2: "3fooDpRK1A"})
+    check('function', 'int foo(const A&...)', {1: "foo__ACRDp", 2: "3fooDpRK1A"})
+    check('function', 'int foo(const A*... a)', {1: "foo__ACPDp", 2: "3fooDpPK1A"})
+    check('function', 'int foo(const A*...)', {1: "foo__ACPDp", 2: "3fooDpPK1A"})
+    check('function', 'int foo(const int A::*... a)', {2: "3fooDpM1AKi"})
+    check('function', 'int foo(const int A::*...)', {2: "3fooDpM1AKi"})
+    # check('function', 'int foo(int (*a)(A)...)', {1: "foo__ACRDp", 2: "3fooDpPK1A"})
+    # check('function', 'int foo(int (*)(A)...)', {1: "foo__ACRDp", 2: "3fooDpPK1A"})
+    check('function', 'virtual void f()', {1: "f", 2: "1fv"})
+    # test for ::nestedName, from issue 1738
+    check("function", "result(int val, ::std::error_category const &cat)",
+          {1: "result__i.std::error_categoryCR", 2: "6resultiRKNSt14error_categoryE"})
+    check("function", "int *f()", {1: "f", 2: "1fv"})
+    # tests derived from issue #1753 (skip to keep sanity)
+    check("function", "f(int (&array)[10])", {2: "1fRA10_i", 3: "1fRAL10E_i"})
+    check("function", "void f(int (&array)[10])", {2: "1fRA10_i", 3: "1fRAL10E_i"})
+    check("function", "void f(float *q(double))", {2: "1fFPfdE"})
+    check("function", "void f(float *(*q)(double))", {2: "1fPFPfdE"})
+    check("function", "void f(float (*q)(double))", {2: "1fPFfdE"})
+    check("function", "int (*f(double d))(float)", {1: "f__double", 2: "1fd"})
+    check("function", "int (*f(bool b))[5]", {1: "f__b", 2: "1fb"})
+    check("function", "int (*A::f(double d) const)(float)",
+          {1: "A::f__doubleC", 2: "NK1A1fEd"})
+    check("function", "void f(std::shared_ptr<int(double)> ptr)",
+          {2: "1fNSt10shared_ptrIFidEEE"})
+    check("function", "void f(int *const p)", {1: "f__iPC", 2: "1fPCi"})
+    check("function", "void f(int *volatile const p)", {1: "f__iPVC", 2: "1fPVCi"})
+
+    check('function', 'extern int f()', {1: 'f', 2: '1fv'})
+    check('function', 'consteval int f()', {1: 'f', 2: '1fv'})
+
+    check('function', 'explicit(true) void f()', {1: 'f', 2: '1fv'})
+
+    check('function', 'decltype(auto) f()', {1: 'f', 2: "1fv"})
+
+    # TODO: make tests for functions in a template, e.g., Test<int&&()>
+    # such that the id generation for function type types is correct.
+
+    check('function', 'friend std::ostream &f(std::ostream &s, int i)',
+          {1: 'f__osR.i', 2: '1fRNSt7ostreamEi'})
+
+    # from breathe#223
+    check('function', 'void f(struct E e)', {1: 'f__E', 2: '1f1E'})
+    check('function', 'void f(class E e)', {1: 'f__E', 2: '1f1E'})
+    check('function', 'void f(typename E e)', {1: 'f__E', 2: '1f1E'})
+    check('function', 'void f(enum E e)', {1: 'f__E', 2: '1f1E'})
+    check('function', 'void f(union E e)', {1: 'f__E', 2: '1f1E'})
+
+    # pointer to member (function)
+    check('function', 'void f(int C::*)', {2: '1fM1Ci'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int C::* p)', {2: '1fM1Ci'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int ::C::* p)', {2: '1fM1Ci'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int C::*const)', {2: '1fKM1Ci'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int C::*const&)', {2: '1fRKM1Ci'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int C::*volatile)', {2: '1fVM1Ci'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int C::*const volatile)', {2: '1fVKM1Ci'},
+          output='void f(int C::*volatile const)')
+    check('function', 'void f(int C::*volatile const)', {2: '1fVKM1Ci'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int (C::*)(float, double))', {2: '1fM1CFifdE'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int (C::* p)(float, double))', {2: '1fM1CFifdE'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int (::C::* p)(float, double))', {2: '1fM1CFifdE'})
+    check('function', 'void f(void (C::*)() const &)', {2: '1fM1CKRFvvE'})
+    check('function', 'int C::* f(int, double)', {2: '1fid'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int C::* *p)', {2: '1fPM1Ci'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int C::**)', {2: '1fPM1Ci'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int C::*const *p)', {2: '1fPKM1Ci'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int C::*const*)', {2: '1fPKM1Ci'})
+
+    # exceptions from return type mangling
+    check('function', 'template<typename T> C()', {2: 'I0E1Cv'})
+    check('function', 'template<typename T> operator int()', {2: 'I0Ecviv'})
+
+    # trailing return types
+    ids = {1: 'f', 2: '1fv'}
+    check('function', 'int f()', ids)
+    check('function', 'auto f() -> int', ids)
+    check('function', 'virtual auto f() -> int = 0', ids)
+    check('function', 'virtual auto f() -> int final', ids)
+    check('function', 'virtual auto f() -> int override', ids)
+
+    ids = {2: 'I0E1fv', 4: 'I0E1fiv'}
+    check('function', 'template<typename T> int f()', ids)
+    check('function', 'template<typename T> f() -> int', ids)
+
+    # from breathe#441
+    check('function', 'auto MakeThingy() -> Thingy*', {1: 'MakeThingy', 2: '10MakeThingyv'})
+
+    # from #8960
+    check('function', 'void f(void (*p)(int, double), int i)', {2: '1fPFvidEi'})
+
+    # from #9535 comment
+    check('function', 'void f(void (*p)(int) = &foo)', {2: '1fPFviE'})
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_operators():
+    check('function', 'void operator new()', {1: "new-operator", 2: "nwv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator new[]()', {1: "new-array-operator", 2: "nav"})
+    check('function', 'void operator delete()', {1: "delete-operator", 2: "dlv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator delete[]()', {1: "delete-array-operator", 2: "dav"})
+    check('function', 'operator bool() const', {1: "castto-b-operatorC", 2: "NKcvbEv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator""_udl()', {2: 'li4_udlv'})
+
+    check('function', 'void operator~()', {1: "inv-operator", 2: "cov"})
+    check('function', 'void operator compl()', {2: "cov"})
+    check('function', 'void operator+()', {1: "add-operator", 2: "plv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator-()', {1: "sub-operator", 2: "miv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator*()', {1: "mul-operator", 2: "mlv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator/()', {1: "div-operator", 2: "dvv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator%()', {1: "mod-operator", 2: "rmv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator&()', {1: "and-operator", 2: "anv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator bitand()', {2: "anv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator|()', {1: "or-operator", 2: "orv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator bitor()', {2: "orv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator^()', {1: "xor-operator", 2: "eov"})
+    check('function', 'void operator xor()', {2: "eov"})
+    check('function', 'void operator=()', {1: "assign-operator", 2: "aSv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator+=()', {1: "add-assign-operator", 2: "pLv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator-=()', {1: "sub-assign-operator", 2: "mIv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator*=()', {1: "mul-assign-operator", 2: "mLv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator/=()', {1: "div-assign-operator", 2: "dVv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator%=()', {1: "mod-assign-operator", 2: "rMv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator&=()', {1: "and-assign-operator", 2: "aNv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator and_eq()', {2: "aNv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator|=()', {1: "or-assign-operator", 2: "oRv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator or_eq()', {2: "oRv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator^=()', {1: "xor-assign-operator", 2: "eOv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator xor_eq()', {2: "eOv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator<<()', {1: "lshift-operator", 2: "lsv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator>>()', {1: "rshift-operator", 2: "rsv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator<<=()', {1: "lshift-assign-operator", 2: "lSv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator>>=()', {1: "rshift-assign-operator", 2: "rSv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator==()', {1: "eq-operator", 2: "eqv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator!=()', {1: "neq-operator", 2: "nev"})
+    check('function', 'void operator not_eq()', {2: "nev"})
+    check('function', 'void operator<()', {1: "lt-operator", 2: "ltv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator>()', {1: "gt-operator", 2: "gtv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator<=()', {1: "lte-operator", 2: "lev"})
+    check('function', 'void operator>=()', {1: "gte-operator", 2: "gev"})
+    check('function', 'void operator<=>()', {2: "ssv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator!()', {1: "not-operator", 2: "ntv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator not()', {2: "ntv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator&&()', {1: "sand-operator", 2: "aav"})
+    check('function', 'void operator and()', {2: "aav"})
+    check('function', 'void operator||()', {1: "sor-operator", 2: "oov"})
+    check('function', 'void operator or()', {2: "oov"})
+    check('function', 'void operator++()', {1: "inc-operator", 2: "ppv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator--()', {1: "dec-operator", 2: "mmv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator,()', {1: "comma-operator", 2: "cmv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator->*()', {1: "pointer-by-pointer-operator", 2: "pmv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator->()', {1: "pointer-operator", 2: "ptv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator()()', {1: "call-operator", 2: "clv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator[]()', {1: "subscript-operator", 2: "ixv"})
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_nested_name():
+    check('class', '{key}::A', {1: "A", 2: "1A"})
+    check('class', '{key}::A::B', {1: "A::B", 2: "N1A1BE"})
+    check('function', 'void f(::A a)', {1: "f__A", 2: "1f1A"})
+    check('function', 'void f(::A::B a)', {1: "f__A::B", 2: "1fN1A1BE"})
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_class_definitions():
+    check('class', 'public A', {1: "A", 2: "1A"}, output='{key}A')
+    check('class', 'private {key}A', {1: "A", 2: "1A"})
+    check('class', '{key}A final', {1: 'A', 2: '1A'})
+
+    # test bases
+    check('class', '{key}A', {1: "A", 2: "1A"})
+    check('class', '{key}A::B::C', {1: "A::B::C", 2: "N1A1B1CE"})
+    check('class', '{key}A : B', {1: "A", 2: "1A"})
+    check('class', '{key}A : private B', {1: "A", 2: "1A"})
+    check('class', '{key}A : public B', {1: "A", 2: "1A"})
+    check('class', '{key}A : B, C', {1: "A", 2: "1A"})
+    check('class', '{key}A : B, protected C, D', {1: "A", 2: "1A"})
+    check('class', 'A : virtual private B', {1: 'A', 2: '1A'}, output='{key}A : private virtual B')
+    check('class', '{key}A : private virtual B', {1: 'A', 2: '1A'})
+    check('class', '{key}A : B, virtual C', {1: 'A', 2: '1A'})
+    check('class', '{key}A : public virtual B', {1: 'A', 2: '1A'})
+    check('class', '{key}A : B, C...', {1: 'A', 2: '1A'})
+    check('class', '{key}A : B..., C', {1: 'A', 2: '1A'})
+
+    # from #4094
+    check('class', 'template<class, class = std::void_t<>> {key}has_var', {2: 'I00E7has_var'})
+    check('class', 'template<class T> {key}has_var<T, std::void_t<decltype(&T::var)>>',
+          {2: 'I0E7has_varI1TNSt6void_tIDTadN1T3varEEEEE'})
+
+    check('class', 'template<typename ...Ts> {key}T<int (*)(Ts)...>',
+          {2: 'IDpE1TIJPFi2TsEEE'})
+    check('class', 'template<int... Is> {key}T<(Is)...>',
+          {2: 'I_DpiE1TIJX(Is)EEE', 3: 'I_DpiE1TIJX2IsEEE'})
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_union_definitions():
+    check('union', '{key}A', {2: "1A"})
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_enum_definitions():
+    check('enum', '{key}A', {2: "1A"})
+    check('enum', '{key}A : std::underlying_type<B>::type', {2: "1A"})
+    check('enum', '{key}A : unsigned int', {2: "1A"})
+    check('enum', 'public A', {2: "1A"}, output='{key}A')
+    check('enum', 'private {key}A', {2: "1A"})
+
+    check('enumerator', '{key}A', {2: "1A"})
+    check('enumerator', '{key}A = std::numeric_limits<unsigned long>::max()', {2: "1A"})
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_anon_definitions():
+    check('class', '@a', {3: "Ut1_a"}, asTextOutput='class [anonymous]')
+    check('union', '@a', {3: "Ut1_a"}, asTextOutput='union [anonymous]')
+    check('enum', '@a', {3: "Ut1_a"}, asTextOutput='enum [anonymous]')
+    check('class', '@1', {3: "Ut1_1"}, asTextOutput='class [anonymous]')
+    check('class', '@a::A', {3: "NUt1_a1AE"}, asTextOutput='class [anonymous]::A')
+
+    check('function', 'int f(int @a)', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1fi'},
+          asTextOutput='int f(int [anonymous])')
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_templates():
+    check('class', "A<T>", {2: "IE1AI1TE"}, output="template<> {key}A<T>")
+    # first just check which objects support templating
+    check('class', "template<> {key}A", {2: "IE1A"})
+    check('function', "template<> void A()", {2: "IE1Av", 4: "IE1Avv"})
+    check('member', "template<> A a", {2: "IE1a"})
+    check('type', "template<> {key}a = A", {2: "IE1a"}, key='using')
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('enum', "template<> A")
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('enumerator', "template<> A")
+    # then all the real tests
+    check('class', "template<typename T1, typename T2> {key}A", {2: "I00E1A"})
+    check('type', "template<> {key}a", {2: "IE1a"}, key='using')
+
+    check('class', "template<typename T> {key}A", {2: "I0E1A"})
+    check('class', "template<class T> {key}A", {2: "I0E1A"})
+    check('class', "template<typename ...T> {key}A", {2: "IDpE1A"})
+    check('class', "template<typename...> {key}A", {2: "IDpE1A"})
+    check('class', "template<typename = Test> {key}A", {2: "I0E1A"})
+    check('class', "template<typename T = Test> {key}A", {2: "I0E1A"})
+
+    check('class', "template<template<typename> typename T> {key}A", {2: "II0E0E1A"})
+    check('class', "template<template<typename> class T> {key}A", {2: "II0E0E1A"})
+    check('class', "template<template<typename> typename> {key}A", {2: "II0E0E1A"})
+    check('class', "template<template<typename> typename ...T> {key}A", {2: "II0EDpE1A"})
+    check('class', "template<template<typename> typename...> {key}A", {2: "II0EDpE1A"})
+    check('class', "template<typename T, template<typename> typename...> {key}A", {2: "I0I0EDpE1A"})
+
+    check('class', "template<int> {key}A", {2: "I_iE1A"})
+    check('class', "template<int T> {key}A", {2: "I_iE1A"})
+    check('class', "template<int... T> {key}A", {2: "I_DpiE1A"})
+    check('class', "template<int T = 42> {key}A", {2: "I_iE1A"})
+    check('class', "template<int = 42> {key}A", {2: "I_iE1A"})
+
+    check('class', "template<typename A<B>::C> {key}A", {2: "I_N1AI1BE1CEE1A"})
+    check('class', "template<typename A<B>::C = 42> {key}A", {2: "I_N1AI1BE1CEE1A"})
+    # from #7944
+    check('function', "template<typename T, "
+                      "typename std::enable_if<!has_overloaded_addressof<T>::value, bool>::type = false"
+                      "> constexpr T *static_addressof(T &ref)",
+          {2: "I0_NSt9enable_ifIX!has_overloaded_addressof<T>::valueEbE4typeEE16static_addressofR1T",
+           3: "I0_NSt9enable_ifIXntN24has_overloaded_addressofI1TE5valueEEbE4typeEE16static_addressofR1T",
+           4: "I0_NSt9enable_ifIXntN24has_overloaded_addressofI1TE5valueEEbE4typeEE16static_addressofP1TR1T"})
+
+    check('class', "template<> {key}A<NS::B<>>", {2: "IE1AIN2NS1BIEEE"})
+
+    # from #2058
+    check('function',
+          "template<typename Char, typename Traits> "
+          "inline std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits> &operator<<("
+          "std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits> &os, "
+          "const c_string_view_base<const Char, Traits> &str)",
+          {2: "I00ElsRNSt13basic_ostreamI4Char6TraitsEE"
+              "RK18c_string_view_baseIK4Char6TraitsE",
+           4: "I00Els"
+              "RNSt13basic_ostreamI4Char6TraitsEE"
+              "RNSt13basic_ostreamI4Char6TraitsEE"
+              "RK18c_string_view_baseIK4Char6TraitsE"})
+
+    # template introductions
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('enum', 'abc::ns::foo{id_0, id_1, id_2} A')
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('enumerator', 'abc::ns::foo{id_0, id_1, id_2} A')
+    check('class', 'abc::ns::foo{{id_0, id_1, id_2}} {key}xyz::bar',
+          {2: 'I000EXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_14id_2EEN3xyz3barE'})
+    check('class', 'abc::ns::foo{{id_0, id_1, ...id_2}} {key}xyz::bar',
+          {2: 'I00DpEXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_1sp4id_2EEN3xyz3barE'})
+    check('class', 'abc::ns::foo{{id_0, id_1, id_2}} {key}xyz::bar<id_0, id_1, id_2>',
+          {2: 'I000EXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_14id_2EEN3xyz3barE'})
+    check('class', 'abc::ns::foo{{id_0, id_1, ...id_2}} {key}xyz::bar<id_0, id_1, id_2...>',
+          {2: 'I00DpEXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_1sp4id_2EEN3xyz3barE'})
+
+    check('class', 'template<> Concept{{U}} {key}A<int>::B', {2: 'IEI0EX7ConceptI1UEEN1AIiE1BE'})
+
+    check('type', 'abc::ns::foo{{id_0, id_1, id_2}} {key}xyz::bar = ghi::qux',
+          {2: 'I000EXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_14id_2EEN3xyz3barE'}, key='using')
+    check('type', 'abc::ns::foo{{id_0, id_1, ...id_2}} {key}xyz::bar = ghi::qux',
+          {2: 'I00DpEXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_1sp4id_2EEN3xyz3barE'}, key='using')
+    check('function', 'abc::ns::foo{id_0, id_1, id_2} void xyz::bar()',
+          {2: 'I000EXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_14id_2EEN3xyz3barEv',
+           4: 'I000EXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_14id_2EEN3xyz3barEvv'})
+    check('function', 'abc::ns::foo{id_0, id_1, ...id_2} void xyz::bar()',
+          {2: 'I00DpEXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_1sp4id_2EEN3xyz3barEv',
+           4: 'I00DpEXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_1sp4id_2EEN3xyz3barEvv'})
+    check('member', 'abc::ns::foo{id_0, id_1, id_2} ghi::qux xyz::bar',
+          {2: 'I000EXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_14id_2EEN3xyz3barE'})
+    check('member', 'abc::ns::foo{id_0, id_1, ...id_2} ghi::qux xyz::bar',
+          {2: 'I00DpEXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_1sp4id_2EEN3xyz3barE'})
+    check('concept', 'Iterator{{T, U}} {key}Another', {2: 'I00EX8IteratorI1T1UEE7Another'})
+    check('concept', 'template<typename ...Pack> {key}Numerics = (... && Numeric<Pack>)',
+          {2: 'IDpE8Numerics'})
+
+    # explicit specializations of members
+    check('member', 'template<> int A<int>::a', {2: 'IEN1AIiE1aE'})
+    check('member', 'template int A<int>::a', {2: 'IEN1AIiE1aE'},
+          output='template<> int A<int>::a')  # same as above
+    check('member', 'template<> template<> int A<int>::B<int>::b', {2: 'IEIEN1AIiE1BIiE1bE'})
+    check('member', 'template int A<int>::B<int>::b', {2: 'IEIEN1AIiE1BIiE1bE'},
+          output='template<> template<> int A<int>::B<int>::b')  # same as above
+
+    # defaulted constrained type parameters
+    check('type', 'template<C T = int&> {key}A', {2: 'I_1CE1A'}, key='using')
+
+    # pack expansion after non-type template parameter
+    check('type', 'template<int (X::*)(bool)...> {key}A', {2: 'I_DpM1XFibEE1A'}, key='using')
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_placeholder_types():
+    check('function', 'void f(Sortable auto &v)', {1: 'f__SortableR', 2: '1fR8Sortable'})
+    check('function', 'void f(const Sortable auto &v)', {1: 'f__SortableCR', 2: '1fRK8Sortable'})
+    check('function', 'void f(Sortable decltype(auto) &v)', {1: 'f__SortableR', 2: '1fR8Sortable'})
+    check('function', 'void f(const Sortable decltype(auto) &v)', {1: 'f__SortableCR', 2: '1fRK8Sortable'})
+    check('function', 'void f(Sortable decltype ( auto ) &v)', {1: 'f__SortableR', 2: '1fR8Sortable'},
+          output='void f(Sortable decltype(auto) &v)')
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_requires_clauses():
+    check('function', 'template<typename T> requires A auto f() -> void requires B',
+          {4: 'I0EIQaa1A1BE1fvv'})
+    check('function', 'template<typename T> requires A || B or C void f()',
+          {4: 'I0EIQoo1Aoo1B1CE1fvv'})
+    check('function', 'void f() requires A || B || C',
+          {4: 'IQoo1Aoo1B1CE1fv'})
+    check('function', 'Foo() requires A || B || C',
+          {4: 'IQoo1Aoo1B1CE3Foov'})
+    check('function', 'template<typename T> requires A && B || C and D void f()',
+          {4: 'I0EIQooaa1A1Baa1C1DE1fvv'})
+    check('function',
+          'template<typename T> requires R<T> ' +
+          'template<typename U> requires S<T> ' +
+          'void A<T>::f() requires B',
+          {4: 'I0EIQ1RI1TEEI0EIQaa1SI1TE1BEN1A1fEvv'})
+    check('function',
+          'template<template<typename T> requires R<T> typename X> ' +
+          'void f()',
+          {2: 'II0EIQ1RI1TEE0E1fv', 4: 'II0EIQ1RI1TEE0E1fvv'})
+    check('type',
+          'template<typename T> requires IsValid<T> {key}T = true_type',
+          {4: 'I0EIQ7IsValidI1TEE1T'}, key='using')
+    check('class',
+          'template<typename T> requires IsValid<T> {key}T : Base',
+          {4: 'I0EIQ7IsValidI1TEE1T'}, key='class')
+    check('union',
+          'template<typename T> requires IsValid<T> {key}T',
+          {4: 'I0EIQ7IsValidI1TEE1T'}, key='union')
+    check('member',
+          'template<typename T> requires IsValid<T> int Val = 7',
+          {4: 'I0EIQ7IsValidI1TEE3Val'})
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_template_args():
+    # from breathe#218
+    check('function',
+          "template<typename F> "
+          "void allow(F *f, typename func<F, B, G != 1>::type tt)",
+          {2: "I0E5allowP1FN4funcI1F1BXG != 1EE4typeE",
+           3: "I0E5allowP1FN4funcI1F1BXne1GL1EEE4typeE",
+           4: "I0E5allowvP1FN4funcI1F1BXne1GL1EEE4typeE"})
+    # from #3542
+    check('type', "template<typename T> {key}"
+          "enable_if_not_array_t = std::enable_if_t<!is_array<T>::value, int>",
+          {2: "I0E21enable_if_not_array_t"},
+          key='using')
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_initializers():
+    idsMember = {1: 'v__T', 2: '1v'}
+    idsFunction = {1: 'f__T', 2: '1f1T'}
+    idsTemplate = {2: 'I_1TE1fv', 4: 'I_1TE1fvv'}
+    # no init
+    check('member', 'T v', idsMember)
+    check('function', 'void f(T v)', idsFunction)
+    check('function', 'template<T v> void f()', idsTemplate)
+    # with '=', assignment-expression
+    check('member', 'T v = 42', idsMember)
+    check('function', 'void f(T v = 42)', idsFunction)
+    check('function', 'template<T v = 42> void f()', idsTemplate)
+    # with '=', braced-init
+    check('member', 'T v = {}', idsMember)
+    check('function', 'void f(T v = {})', idsFunction)
+    check('function', 'template<T v = {}> void f()', idsTemplate)
+    check('member', 'T v = {42, 42, 42}', idsMember)
+    check('function', 'void f(T v = {42, 42, 42})', idsFunction)
+    check('function', 'template<T v = {42, 42, 42}> void f()', idsTemplate)
+    check('member', 'T v = {42, 42, 42,}', idsMember)
+    check('function', 'void f(T v = {42, 42, 42,})', idsFunction)
+    check('function', 'template<T v = {42, 42, 42,}> void f()', idsTemplate)
+    check('member', 'T v = {42, 42, args...}', idsMember)
+    check('function', 'void f(T v = {42, 42, args...})', idsFunction)
+    check('function', 'template<T v = {42, 42, args...}> void f()', idsTemplate)
+    # without '=', braced-init
+    check('member', 'T v{}', idsMember)
+    check('member', 'T v{42, 42, 42}', idsMember)
+    check('member', 'T v{42, 42, 42,}', idsMember)
+    check('member', 'T v{42, 42, args...}', idsMember)
+    # other
+    check('member', 'T v = T{}', idsMember)
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_attributes():
+    # style: C++
+    check('member', '[[]] int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
+    check('member', '[ [ ] ] int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'},
+          # this will fail when the proper grammar is implemented
+          output='[[ ]] int f')
+    check('member', '[[a]] int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
+    # style: GNU
+    check('member', '__attribute__(()) int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
+    check('member', '__attribute__((a)) int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
+    check('member', '__attribute__((a, b)) int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
+    check('member', '__attribute__((optimize(3))) int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
+    check('member', '__attribute__((format(printf, 1, 2))) int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
+    # style: user-defined id
+    check('member', 'id_attr int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
+    # style: user-defined paren
+    check('member', 'paren_attr() int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
+    check('member', 'paren_attr(a) int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
+    check('member', 'paren_attr("") int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
+    check('member', 'paren_attr(()[{}][]{}) int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('member', 'paren_attr(() int f')
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('member', 'paren_attr([) int f')
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('member', 'paren_attr({) int f')
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('member', 'paren_attr([)]) int f')
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('member', 'paren_attr((])) int f')
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('member', 'paren_attr({]}) int f')
+
+    # position: decl specs
+    check('function', 'static inline __attribute__(()) void f()',
+          {1: 'f', 2: '1fv'},
+          output='__attribute__(()) static inline void f()')
+    check('function', '[[attr1]] [[attr2]] void f()', {1: 'f', 2: '1fv'})
+    # position: declarator
+    check('member', 'int *[[attr1]] [[attr2]] i', {1: 'i__iP', 2: '1i'})
+    check('member', 'int *const [[attr1]] [[attr2]] volatile i', {1: 'i__iPVC', 2: '1i'},
+          output='int *[[attr1]] [[attr2]] volatile const i')
+    check('member', 'int &[[attr1]] [[attr2]] i', {1: 'i__iR', 2: '1i'})
+    check('member', 'int *[[attr1]] [[attr2]] *i', {1: 'i__iPP', 2: '1i'})
+    # position: parameters and qualifiers
+    check('function', 'void f() [[attr1]] [[attr2]]', {1: 'f', 2: '1fv'})
+
+    # position: class, union, enum
+    check('class', '{key}[[attr1]] [[attr2]] Foo', {1: 'Foo', 2: '3Foo'}, key='class')
+    check('union', '{key}[[attr1]] [[attr2]] Foo', {2: '3Foo'}, key='union')
+    check('enum', '{key}[[attr1]] [[attr2]] Foo', {2: '3Foo'}, key='enum')
+    # position: enumerator
+    check('enumerator', '{key}Foo [[attr1]] [[attr2]]', {2: '3Foo'})
+    check('enumerator', '{key}Foo [[attr1]] [[attr2]] = 42', {2: '3Foo'})
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_xref_parsing():
+    def check(target):
+        class Config:
+            cpp_id_attributes = ["id_attr"]
+            cpp_paren_attributes = ["paren_attr"]
+        parser = DefinitionParser(target, location=None,
+                                  config=Config())
+        ast, isShorthand = parser.parse_xref_object()
+        parser.assert_end()
+    check('f')
+    check('f()')
+    check('void f()')
+    check('T f()')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("param", "is_pack"),
+    [('typename', False),
+     ('typename T', False),
+     ('typename...', True),
+     ('typename... T', True),
+     ('int', False),
+     ('int N', False),
+     ('int* N', False),
+     ('int& N', False),
+     ('int&... N', True),
+     ('int*... N', True),
+     ('int...', True),
+     ('int... N', True),
+     ('auto', False),
+     ('auto...', True),
+     ('int X::*', False),
+     ('int X::*...', True),
+     ('int (X::*)(bool)', False),
+     ('int (X::*x)(bool)', False),
+     ('int (X::*)(bool)...', True),
+     ('template<typename> class', False),
+     ('template<typename> class...', True),
+     ])
+def test_domain_cpp_template_parameters_is_pack(param: str, is_pack: bool):
+    def parse_template_parameter(param: str):
+        ast = parse('type', 'template<' + param + '> X')
+        return ast.templatePrefix.templates[0].params[0]
+    ast = parse_template_parameter(param)
+    assert ast.isPack == is_pack
+
+
+# def test_print():
+#     # used for getting all the ids out for checking
+#     for a in ids:
+#         print(a)
+#     raise DefinitionError
+
+
+def filter_warnings(warning, file):
+    lines = warning.getvalue().split("\n")
+    res = [l for l in lines if "domain-cpp" in l and f"{file}.rst" in l and
+           "WARNING: document isn't included in any toctree" not in l]
+    print(f"Filtered warnings for file '{file}':")
+    for w in res:
+        print(w)
+    return res
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
+def test_domain_cpp_build_multi_decl_lookup(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "lookup-key-overload")
+    assert len(ws) == 0
+
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "multi-decl-lookup")
+    assert len(ws) == 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
+def test_domain_cpp_build_warn_template_param_qualified_name(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "warn-template-param-qualified-name")
+    assert len(ws) == 2
+    assert "WARNING: cpp:type reference target not found: T::typeWarn" in ws[0]
+    assert "WARNING: cpp:type reference target not found: T::U::typeWarn" in ws[1]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
+def test_domain_cpp_build_backslash_ok_true(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "backslash")
+    assert len(ws) == 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
+def test_domain_cpp_build_semicolon(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "semicolon")
+    assert len(ws) == 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp',
+                    confoverrides={'nitpicky': True, 'strip_signature_backslash': True})
+def test_domain_cpp_build_backslash_ok_false(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "backslash")
+    assert len(ws) == 1
+    assert "WARNING: Parsing of expression failed. Using fallback parser." in ws[0]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
+def test_domain_cpp_build_anon_dup_decl(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "anon-dup-decl")
+    assert len(ws) == 2
+    assert "WARNING: cpp:identifier reference target not found: @a" in ws[0]
+    assert "WARNING: cpp:identifier reference target not found: @b" in ws[1]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp')
+def test_domain_cpp_build_misuse_of_roles(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "roles-targets-ok")
+    assert len(ws) == 0
+
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "roles-targets-warn")
+    # the roles that should be able to generate warnings:
+    allRoles = ['class', 'struct', 'union', 'func', 'member', 'var', 'type', 'concept', 'enum', 'enumerator']
+    ok = [  # targetType, okRoles
+        ('class', ['class', 'struct', 'type']),
+        ('union', ['union', 'type']),
+        ('func', ['func', 'type']),
+        ('member', ['member', 'var']),
+        ('type', ['type']),
+        ('concept', ['concept']),
+        ('enum', ['type', 'enum']),
+        ('enumerator', ['enumerator']),
+        ('functionParam', ['member', 'var']),
+        ('templateParam', ['class', 'struct', 'union', 'member', 'var', 'type']),
+    ]
+    warn = []
+    for targetType, roles in ok:
+        txtTargetType = "function" if targetType == "func" else targetType
+        for r in allRoles:
+            if r not in roles:
+                warn.append(f"WARNING: cpp:{r} targets a {txtTargetType} (")
+                if targetType == 'templateParam':
+                    warn.append(f"WARNING: cpp:{r} targets a {txtTargetType} (")
+                    warn.append(f"WARNING: cpp:{r} targets a {txtTargetType} (")
+    warn = sorted(warn)
+    for w in ws:
+        assert "targets a" in w
+    ws = [w[w.index("WARNING:"):] for w in ws]
+    ws = sorted(ws)
+    print("Expected warnings:")
+    for w in warn:
+        print(w)
+    print("Actual warnings:")
+    for w in ws:
+        print(w)
+
+    for i in range(min(len(warn), len(ws))):
+        assert ws[i].startswith(warn[i])
+
+    assert len(ws) == len(warn)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp', confoverrides={'add_function_parentheses': True})
+def test_domain_cpp_build_with_add_function_parentheses_is_True(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    def check(spec, text, file):
+        pattern = '<li><p>%s<a .*?><code .*?><span .*?>%s</span></code></a></p></li>' % spec
+        res = re.search(pattern, text)
+        if not res:
+            print(f"Pattern\n\t{pattern}\nnot found in {file}")
+            raise AssertionError
+    rolePatterns = [
+        ('', 'Sphinx'),
+        ('', 'Sphinx::version'),
+        ('', 'version'),
+        ('', 'List'),
+        ('', 'MyEnum'),
+    ]
+    parenPatterns = [
+        ('ref function without parens ', r'paren_1\(\)'),
+        ('ref function with parens ', r'paren_2\(\)'),
+        ('ref function without parens, explicit title ', 'paren_3_title'),
+        ('ref function with parens, explicit title ', 'paren_4_title'),
+        ('ref op call without parens ', r'paren_5::operator\(\)\(\)'),
+        ('ref op call with parens ', r'paren_6::operator\(\)\(\)'),
+        ('ref op call without parens, explicit title ', 'paren_7_title'),
+        ('ref op call with parens, explicit title ', 'paren_8_title'),
+    ]
+
+    f = 'roles.html'
+    t = (app.outdir / f).read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    for s in rolePatterns:
+        check(s, t, f)
+    for s in parenPatterns:
+        check(s, t, f)
+
+    f = 'any-role.html'
+    t = (app.outdir / f).read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    for s in parenPatterns:
+        check(s, t, f)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp', confoverrides={'add_function_parentheses': False})
+def test_domain_cpp_build_with_add_function_parentheses_is_False(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    def check(spec, text, file):
+        pattern = '<li><p>%s<a .*?><code .*?><span .*?>%s</span></code></a></p></li>' % spec
+        res = re.search(pattern, text)
+        if not res:
+            print(f"Pattern\n\t{pattern}\nnot found in {file}")
+            raise AssertionError
+    rolePatterns = [
+        ('', 'Sphinx'),
+        ('', 'Sphinx::version'),
+        ('', 'version'),
+        ('', 'List'),
+        ('', 'MyEnum'),
+    ]
+    parenPatterns = [
+        ('ref function without parens ', 'paren_1'),
+        ('ref function with parens ', 'paren_2'),
+        ('ref function without parens, explicit title ', 'paren_3_title'),
+        ('ref function with parens, explicit title ', 'paren_4_title'),
+        ('ref op call without parens ', r'paren_5::operator\(\)'),
+        ('ref op call with parens ', r'paren_6::operator\(\)'),
+        ('ref op call without parens, explicit title ', 'paren_7_title'),
+        ('ref op call with parens, explicit title ', 'paren_8_title'),
+    ]
+
+    f = 'roles.html'
+    t = (app.outdir / f).read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    for s in rolePatterns:
+        check(s, t, f)
+    for s in parenPatterns:
+        check(s, t, f)
+
+    f = 'any-role.html'
+    t = (app.outdir / f).read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    for s in parenPatterns:
+        check(s, t, f)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp')
+def test_domain_cpp_build_xref_consistency(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    test = 'xref_consistency.html'
+    output = (app.outdir / test).read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    def classes(role, tag):
+        pattern = (fr'{role}-role:.*?'
+                   fr'<(?P<tag>{tag}) .*?class=["\'](?P<classes>.*?)["\'].*?>'
+                   r'.*'
+                   r'</(?P=tag)>')
+        result = re.search(pattern, output)
+        expect = f'''\
+Pattern for role `{role}` with tag `{tag}`
+\t{pattern}
+not found in `{test}`
+'''
+        assert result, expect
+        return set(result.group('classes').split())
+
+    class RoleClasses:
+        """Collect the classes from the layout that was generated for a given role."""
+
+        def __init__(self, role, root, contents):
+            self.name = role
+            self.classes = classes(role, root)
+            self.content_classes = {}
+            for tag in contents:
+                self.content_classes[tag] = classes(role, tag)
+
+    # not actually used as a reference point
+    # code_role = RoleClasses('code', 'code', [])
+    any_role = RoleClasses('any', 'a', ['code'])
+    cpp_any_role = RoleClasses('cpp-any', 'a', ['code'])
+    # NYI: consistent looks
+    # texpr_role = RoleClasses('cpp-texpr', 'span', ['a', 'code'])
+    expr_role = RoleClasses('cpp-expr', 'span', ['a'])
+    texpr_role = RoleClasses('cpp-texpr', 'span', ['a', 'span'])
+
+    # XRefRole-style classes
+
+    # any and cpp:any do not put these classes at the root
+
+    # n.b. the generic any machinery finds the specific 'cpp-class' object type
+    expect = 'any uses XRefRole classes'
+    assert {'xref', 'any', 'cpp', 'cpp-class'} <= any_role.content_classes['code'], expect
+
+    expect = 'cpp:any uses XRefRole classes'
+    assert {'xref', 'cpp-any', 'cpp'} <= cpp_any_role.content_classes['code'], expect
+
+    for role in (expr_role, texpr_role):
+        name = role.name
+        expect = f'`{name}` puts the domain and role classes at its root'
+        assert {'sig', 'sig-inline', 'cpp', name} <= role.classes, expect
+
+    # reference classes
+
+    expect = 'the xref roles use the same reference classes'
+    assert any_role.classes == cpp_any_role.classes, expect
+    assert any_role.classes == expr_role.content_classes['a'], expect
+    assert any_role.classes == texpr_role.content_classes['a'], expect
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
+def test_domain_cpp_build_field_role(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "field-role")
+    assert len(ws) == 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
+def test_domain_cpp_build_operator_lookup(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "operator-lookup")
+    assert len(ws) == 5
+    # TODO: the first one should not happen
+    assert ":10: WARNING: cpp:identifier reference target not found: _lit" in ws[0]
+    assert ":18: WARNING: cpp:func reference target not found: int h" in ws[1]
+    assert ":19: WARNING: cpp:func reference target not found: int operator+(bool, bool)" in ws[2]
+    assert ":20: WARNING: cpp:func reference target not found: int operator\"\"_udl" in ws[3]
+    assert ":21: WARNING: cpp:func reference target not found: operator bool" in ws[4]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp-intersphinx', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
+def test_domain_cpp_build_intersphinx(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
+    origSource = """\
+.. cpp:class:: _class
+.. cpp:struct:: _struct
+.. cpp:union:: _union
+.. cpp:function:: void _function()
+.. cpp:member:: int _member
+.. cpp:var:: int _var
+.. cpp:type:: _type
+.. cpp:concept:: template<typename T> _concept
+.. cpp:enum:: _enum
+
+    .. cpp:enumerator:: _enumerator
+
+.. cpp:enum-struct:: _enumStruct
+
+    .. cpp:enumerator:: _scopedEnumerator
+
+.. cpp:enum-class:: _enumClass
+.. cpp:function:: void _functionParam(int param)
+.. cpp:function:: template<typename TParam> void _templateParam()
+"""  # NoQA: F841
+    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
+    inv_file.write_bytes(b'''\
+# Sphinx inventory version 2
+# Project: C Intersphinx Test
+# Version: 
+# The remainder of this file is compressed using zlib.
+''' + zlib.compress(b'''\
+_class cpp:class 1 index.html#_CPPv46$ -
+_concept cpp:concept 1 index.html#_CPPv4I0E8$ -
+_concept::T cpp:templateParam 1 index.html#_CPPv4I0E8_concept -
+_enum cpp:enum 1 index.html#_CPPv45$ -
+_enum::_enumerator cpp:enumerator 1 index.html#_CPPv4N5_enum11_enumeratorE -
+_enumClass cpp:enum 1 index.html#_CPPv410$ -
+_enumStruct cpp:enum 1 index.html#_CPPv411$ -
+_enumStruct::_scopedEnumerator cpp:enumerator 1 index.html#_CPPv4N11_enumStruct17_scopedEnumeratorE -
+_enumerator cpp:enumerator 1 index.html#_CPPv4N5_enum11_enumeratorE -
+_function cpp:function 1 index.html#_CPPv49_functionv -
+_functionParam cpp:function 1 index.html#_CPPv414_functionParami -
+_functionParam::param cpp:functionParam 1 index.html#_CPPv414_functionParami -
+_member cpp:member 1 index.html#_CPPv47$ -
+_struct cpp:class 1 index.html#_CPPv47$ -
+_templateParam cpp:function 1 index.html#_CPPv4I0E14_templateParamvv -
+_templateParam::TParam cpp:templateParam 1 index.html#_CPPv4I0E14_templateParamvv -
+_type cpp:type 1 index.html#_CPPv45$ -
+_union cpp:union 1 index.html#_CPPv46$ -
+_var cpp:member 1 index.html#_CPPv44$ -
+'''))  # NoQA: W291
+    app.config.intersphinx_mapping = {
+        'https://localhost/intersphinx/cpp/': str(inv_file),
+    }
+    app.config.intersphinx_cache_limit = 0
+    # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
+    load_mappings(app)
+
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "index")
+    assert len(ws) == 0
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_parse_no_index_entry(app):
+    text = (".. cpp:function:: void f()\n"
+            ".. cpp:function:: void g()\n"
+            "   :no-index-entry:\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index, desc, addnodes.index, desc))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'f (C++ function)', '_CPPv41fv', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[2], addnodes.index, entries=[])
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_parse_mix_decl_duplicate(app, warning):
+    # Issue 8270
+    text = (".. cpp:struct:: A\n"
+            ".. cpp:function:: void A()\n"
+            ".. cpp:struct:: A\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    ws = warning.getvalue().split("\n")
+    assert len(ws) == 5
+    assert "index.rst:2: WARNING: Duplicate C++ declaration, also defined at index:1." in ws[0]
+    assert "Declaration is '.. cpp:function:: void A()'." in ws[1]
+    assert "index.rst:3: WARNING: Duplicate C++ declaration, also defined at index:1." in ws[2]
+    assert "Declaration is '.. cpp:struct:: A'." in ws[3]
+    assert ws[4] == ""
+
+
+# For some reason, using the default testroot of "root" leads to the contents of
+# `test-root/objects.txt` polluting the symbol table depending on the test
+# execution order.  Using a testroot of "config" seems to avoid that problem.
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='config')
+def test_domain_cpp_normalize_unspecialized_template_args(make_app, app_params):
+    args, kwargs = app_params
+
+    text1 = (".. cpp:class:: template <typename T> A\n")
+    text2 = (".. cpp:class:: template <typename T> template <typename U> A<T>::B\n")
+
+    app1 = make_app(*args, **kwargs)
+    restructuredtext.parse(app=app1, text=text1, docname='text1')
+    root1 = app1.env.domaindata['cpp']['root_symbol']
+
+    assert root1.dump(1) == (
+        '  ::\n'
+        '    template<typename T> \n'
+        '    A: {class} template<typename T> A\t(text1)\n'
+        '      T: {templateParam} typename T\t(text1)\n'
+    )
+
+    app2 = make_app(*args, **kwargs)
+    restructuredtext.parse(app=app2, text=text2, docname='text2')
+    root2 = app2.env.domaindata['cpp']['root_symbol']
+
+    assert root2.dump(1) == (
+        '  ::\n'
+        '    template<typename T> \n'
+        '    A\n'
+        '      T\n'
+        '      template<typename U> \n'
+        '      B: {class} template<typename T> template<typename U> A<T>::B\t(text2)\n'
+        '        U: {templateParam} typename U\t(text2)\n'
+    )
+
+    root2.merge_with(root1, ['text1'], app2.env)
+
+    assert root2.dump(1) == (
+        '  ::\n'
+        '    template<typename T> \n'
+        '    A: {class} template<typename T> A\t(text1)\n'
+        '      T: {templateParam} typename T\t(text1)\n'
+        '      template<typename U> \n'
+        '      B: {class} template<typename T> template<typename U> A<T>::B\t(text2)\n'
+        '        U: {templateParam} typename U\t(text2)\n'
+    )
+    warning = app2._warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'Internal C++ domain error during symbol merging' not in warning
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'cpp_maximum_signature_line_length': len('str hello(str name)'),
+})
+def test_cpp_function_signature_with_cpp_maximum_signature_line_length_equal(app):
+    text = '.. cpp:function:: str hello(str name)'
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_signature_line, (
+                    pending_xref,
+                    desc_sig_space,
+                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, 'hello']],
+                    desc_parameterlist,
+                )],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype='function',
+                domain='cpp', objtype='function', no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, 'str']],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [desc_sig_name, 'name'],
+    )])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'cpp_maximum_signature_line_length': len('str hello(str name)'),
+})
+def test_cpp_function_signature_with_cpp_maximum_signature_line_length_force_single(app):
+    text = ('.. cpp:function:: str hello(str names)\n'
+            '   :single-line-parameter-list:')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_signature_line, (
+                    pending_xref,
+                    desc_sig_space,
+                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, 'hello']],
+                    desc_parameterlist,
+                )],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype='function',
+                domain='cpp', objtype='function', no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, 'str']],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [desc_sig_name, 'names']),
+    ])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'cpp_maximum_signature_line_length': len("str hello(str name)"),
+})
+def test_cpp_function_signature_with_cpp_maximum_signature_line_length_break(app):
+    text = '.. cpp:function:: str hello(str names)'
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_signature_line, (
+                    pending_xref,
+                    desc_sig_space,
+                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, 'hello']],
+                    desc_parameterlist,
+                )],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype='function',
+                domain='cpp', objtype='function', no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, 'str']],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [desc_sig_name, 'names']),
+    ])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=True)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'maximum_signature_line_length': len('str hello(str name)'),
+})
+def test_cpp_function_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_equal(app):
+    text = '.. cpp:function:: str hello(str name)'
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_signature_line, (
+                    pending_xref,
+                    desc_sig_space,
+                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, 'hello']],
+                    desc_parameterlist,
+                )],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype='function',
+                domain='cpp', objtype='function', no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, 'str']],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [desc_sig_name, 'name'],
+    )])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'maximum_signature_line_length': len('str hello(str name)'),
+})
+def test_cpp_function_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_force_single(app):
+    text = ('.. cpp:function:: str hello(str names)\n'
+            '   :single-line-parameter-list:')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_signature_line, (
+                    pending_xref,
+                    desc_sig_space,
+                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, 'hello']],
+                    desc_parameterlist,
+                )],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype='function',
+                domain='cpp', objtype='function', no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, 'str']],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [desc_sig_name, 'names']),
+    ])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'maximum_signature_line_length': len("str hello(str name)"),
+})
+def test_cpp_function_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_break(app):
+    text = '.. cpp:function:: str hello(str names)'
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_signature_line, (
+                    pending_xref,
+                    desc_sig_space,
+                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, 'hello']],
+                    desc_parameterlist,
+                )],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype='function',
+                domain='cpp', objtype='function', no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, 'str']],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [desc_sig_name, 'names']),
+    ])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=True)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'cpp_maximum_signature_line_length': len('str hello(str name)'),
+    'maximum_signature_line_length': 1,
+})
+def test_cpp_maximum_signature_line_length_overrides_global(app):
+    text = '.. cpp:function:: str hello(str name)'
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_signature_line, (pending_xref,
+                                                         desc_sig_space,
+                                                         [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, "hello"]],
+                                                         desc_parameterlist)])],
+                desc_content)],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype='function',
+                domain='cpp', objtype='function', no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, 'str']],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [desc_sig_name, 'name'],
+    )])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='domain-cpp-cpp_maximum_signature_line_length')
+def test_domain_cpp_cpp_maximum_signature_line_length_in_html(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf-8')
+    expected = """\
+
+<dl>
+<dd>\
+<span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span>\
+<span class="w"> </span>\
+<span class="n sig-param"><span class="pre">name</span></span>,\
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<span class="sig-paren">)</span>\
+<a class="headerlink" href=\
+"""
+    assert expected in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'text', testroot='domain-cpp-cpp_maximum_signature_line_length',
+)
+def test_domain_cpp_cpp_maximum_signature_line_length_in_text(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    param_line_fmt = STDINDENT * " " + "{}\n"
+
+    expected_parameter_list_hello = "(\n{})".format(param_line_fmt.format("str name,"))
+
+    assert expected_parameter_list_hello in content
diff --git a/tests/test_domains/test_domain_js.py b/tests/test_domains/test_domain_js.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..995a440
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_domains/test_domain_js.py
@@ -0,0 +1,505 @@
+"""Tests the JavaScript Domain"""
+
+from unittest.mock import Mock
+
+import docutils.utils
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.addnodes import (
+    desc,
+    desc_annotation,
+    desc_content,
+    desc_name,
+    desc_parameter,
+    desc_parameterlist,
+    desc_sig_keyword,
+    desc_sig_name,
+    desc_sig_space,
+    desc_signature,
+)
+from sphinx.domains.javascript import JavaScriptDomain
+from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+from sphinx.writers.text import STDINDENT
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='domain-js')
+def test_domain_js_xrefs(app, status, warning):
+    """Domain objects have correct prefixes when looking up xrefs"""
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    def assert_refnode(node, mod_name, prefix, target, reftype=None,
+                       domain='js'):
+        attributes = {
+            'refdomain': domain,
+            'reftarget': target,
+        }
+        if reftype is not None:
+            attributes['reftype'] = reftype
+        if mod_name is not False:
+            attributes['js:module'] = mod_name
+        if prefix is not False:
+            attributes['js:object'] = prefix
+        assert_node(node, **attributes)
+
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('roles')
+    refnodes = list(doctree.findall(addnodes.pending_xref))
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[0], None, None, 'TopLevel', 'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[1], None, None, 'top_level', 'func')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[2], None, 'NestedParentA', 'child_1', 'func')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[3], None, 'NestedParentA', 'NestedChildA.subchild_2', 'func')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[4], None, 'NestedParentA', 'child_2', 'func')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[5], False, 'NestedParentA', 'any_child', domain='')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[6], None, 'NestedParentA', 'NestedChildA', 'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[7], None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'subchild_2', 'func')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[8], None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA',
+                   'NestedParentA.child_1', 'func')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[9], None, 'NestedParentA', 'NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'func')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[10], None, 'NestedParentB', 'child_1', 'func')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[11], None, 'NestedParentB', 'NestedParentB', 'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[12], None, None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'class')
+    assert len(refnodes) == 13
+
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('module')
+    refnodes = list(doctree.findall(addnodes.pending_xref))
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[0], 'module_a.submodule', None, 'ModTopLevel',
+                   'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[1], 'module_a.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
+                   'mod_child_1', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[2], 'module_a.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
+                   'ModTopLevel.mod_child_1', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[3], 'module_a.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
+                   'mod_child_2', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[4], 'module_a.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
+                   'module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.mod_child_1', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[5], 'module_b.submodule', None, 'ModTopLevel',
+                   'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[6], 'module_b.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
+                   'module_a.submodule', 'mod')
+    assert len(refnodes) == 7
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='domain-js')
+def test_domain_js_objects(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    modules = app.env.domains['js'].data['modules']
+    objects = app.env.domains['js'].data['objects']
+
+    assert 'module_a.submodule' in modules
+    assert 'module_a.submodule' in objects
+    assert 'module_b.submodule' in modules
+    assert 'module_b.submodule' in objects
+
+    assert objects['module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel'][2] == 'class'
+    assert objects['module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.mod_child_1'][2] == 'method'
+    assert objects['module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.mod_child_2'][2] == 'method'
+    assert objects['module_b.submodule.ModTopLevel'][2] == 'class'
+
+    assert objects['TopLevel'][2] == 'class'
+    assert objects['top_level'][2] == 'function'
+    assert objects['NestedParentA'][2] == 'class'
+    assert objects['NestedParentA.child_1'][2] == 'function'
+    assert objects['NestedParentA.any_child'][2] == 'function'
+    assert objects['NestedParentA.NestedChildA'][2] == 'class'
+    assert objects['NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1'][2] == 'function'
+    assert objects['NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_2'][2] == 'function'
+    assert objects['NestedParentA.child_2'][2] == 'function'
+    assert objects['NestedParentB'][2] == 'class'
+    assert objects['NestedParentB.child_1'][2] == 'function'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='domain-js')
+def test_domain_js_find_obj(app, status, warning):
+
+    def find_obj(mod_name, prefix, obj_name, obj_type, searchmode=0):
+        return app.env.domains['js'].find_obj(
+            app.env, mod_name, prefix, obj_name, obj_type, searchmode)
+
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    assert (find_obj(None, None, 'NONEXISTANT', 'class') == (None, None))
+    assert (find_obj(None, None, 'NestedParentA', 'class') ==
+            ('NestedParentA', ('roles', 'NestedParentA', 'class')))
+    assert (find_obj(None, None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'class') ==
+            ('NestedParentA.NestedChildA',
+             ('roles', 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'class')))
+    assert (find_obj(None, 'NestedParentA', 'NestedChildA', 'class') ==
+            ('NestedParentA.NestedChildA',
+             ('roles', 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'class')))
+    assert (find_obj(None, None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'func') ==
+            ('NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1',
+             ('roles', 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'function')))
+    assert (find_obj(None, 'NestedParentA', 'NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'func') ==
+            ('NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1',
+             ('roles', 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'function')))
+    assert (find_obj(None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'subchild_1', 'func') ==
+            ('NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1',
+             ('roles', 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'function')))
+    assert (find_obj('module_a.submodule', 'ModTopLevel', 'mod_child_2', 'meth') ==
+            ('module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.mod_child_2',
+             ('module', 'module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.mod_child_2', 'method')))
+    assert (find_obj('module_b.submodule', 'ModTopLevel', 'module_a.submodule', 'mod') ==
+            ('module_a.submodule',
+             ('module', 'module-module_a.submodule', 'module')))
+
+
+def test_get_full_qualified_name():
+    env = Mock(domaindata={})
+    domain = JavaScriptDomain(env)
+
+    # non-js references
+    node = nodes.reference()
+    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) is None
+
+    # simple reference
+    node = nodes.reference(reftarget='func')
+    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) == 'func'
+
+    # with js:module context
+    kwargs = {'js:module': 'module1'}
+    node = nodes.reference(reftarget='func', **kwargs)
+    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) == 'module1.func'
+
+    # with js:object context
+    kwargs = {'js:object': 'Class'}
+    node = nodes.reference(reftarget='func', **kwargs)
+    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) == 'Class.func'
+
+    # with both js:module and js:object context
+    kwargs = {'js:module': 'module1', 'js:object': 'Class'}
+    node = nodes.reference(reftarget='func', **kwargs)
+    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) == 'module1.Class.func'
+
+
+def test_js_module(app):
+    text = ".. js:module:: sphinx"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          nodes.target))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[("single", "sphinx (module)", "module-sphinx", "", None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], nodes.target, ids=["module-sphinx"])
+
+
+def test_js_function(app):
+    text = ".. js:function:: sum(a, b)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, ([desc_sig_name, "sum"])],
+                                                    desc_parameterlist)],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], [desc_parameterlist, ([desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "a"])],
+                                                        [desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "b"])])])
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[("single", "sum() (built-in function)", "sum", "", None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, domain="js", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+
+
+def test_js_class(app):
+    text = ".. js:class:: Application"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ([desc_sig_keyword, 'class'],
+                                                                       desc_sig_space)],
+                                                    [desc_name, ([desc_sig_name, "Application"])],
+                                                    [desc_parameterlist, ()])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[("single", "Application() (class)", "Application", "", None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, domain="js", objtype="class", no_index=False)
+
+
+def test_js_data(app):
+    text = ".. js:data:: name"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, ([desc_sig_name, "name"])])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[("single", "name (global variable or constant)", "name", "", None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, domain="js", objtype="data", no_index=False)
+
+
+def test_no_index_entry(app):
+    text = (".. js:function:: f()\n"
+            ".. js:function:: g()\n"
+            "   :no-index-entry:\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index, desc, addnodes.index, desc))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'f() (built-in function)', 'f', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[2], addnodes.index, entries=[])
+
+
+def test_module_content_line_number(app):
+    text = (".. js:module:: foo\n" +
+            "\n" +
+            "   Some link here: :ref:`abc`\n")
+    doc = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    xrefs = list(doc.findall(condition=addnodes.pending_xref))
+    assert len(xrefs) == 1
+    source, line = docutils.utils.get_source_line(xrefs[0])
+    assert 'index.rst' in source
+    assert line == 3
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'javascript_maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name)"),
+})
+def test_jsfunction_signature_with_javascript_maximum_signature_line_length_equal(app):
+    text = ".. js:function:: hello(name)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_name, ([desc_sig_name, "hello"])],
+                desc_parameterlist,
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="js", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "name"])])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'javascript_maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name)"),
+})
+def test_jsfunction_signature_with_javascript_maximum_signature_line_length_force_single(app):
+    text = (".. js:function:: hello(names)\n"
+            "   :single-line-parameter-list:")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_name, ([desc_sig_name, "hello"])],
+                desc_parameterlist,
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="js", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "names"])])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'javascript_maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name)"),
+})
+def test_jsfunction_signature_with_javascript_maximum_signature_line_length_break(app):
+    text = ".. js:function:: hello(names)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_name, ([desc_sig_name, "hello"])],
+                desc_parameterlist,
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="js", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "names"])])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=True)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name)"),
+})
+def test_jsfunction_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_equal(app):
+    text = ".. js:function:: hello(name)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_name, ([desc_sig_name, "hello"])],
+                desc_parameterlist,
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="js", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "name"])])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name)"),
+})
+def test_jsfunction_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_force_single(app):
+    text = (".. js:function:: hello(names)\n"
+            "   :single-line-parameter-list:")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_name, ([desc_sig_name, "hello"])],
+                desc_parameterlist,
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="js", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "names"])])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name)"),
+})
+def test_jsfunction_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_break(app):
+    text = ".. js:function:: hello(names)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_name, ([desc_sig_name, "hello"])],
+                desc_parameterlist,
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="js", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "names"])])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=True)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'html',
+    confoverrides={
+        'javascript_maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name)"),
+        'maximum_signature_line_length': 1,
+    },
+)
+def test_javascript_maximum_signature_line_length_overrides_global(app):
+    text = ".. js:function:: hello(name)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    expected_doctree = (addnodes.index,
+                        [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, ([desc_sig_name, "hello"])],
+                                                  desc_parameterlist)],
+                                desc_content)])
+    assert_node(doctree, expected_doctree)
+    assert_node(doctree[1], desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="js", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    expected_sig = [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, [desc_sig_name, "name"]]
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], expected_sig)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'html', testroot='domain-js-javascript_maximum_signature_line_length',
+)
+def test_domain_js_javascript_maximum_signature_line_length_in_html(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expected_parameter_list_hello = """\
+
+<dl>
+<dd>\
+<em class="sig-param">\
+<span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span>\
+</em>,\
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<span class="sig-paren">)</span>\
+<a class="headerlink" href="#hello" title="Link to this definition">¶</a>\
+</dt>\
+"""
+    assert expected_parameter_list_hello in content
+
+    param_line_fmt = '<dd>{}</dd>\n'
+    param_name_fmt = (
+        '<em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">{}</span></span></em>'
+    )
+    optional_fmt = '<span class="optional">{}</span>'
+
+    expected_a = param_line_fmt.format(
+        optional_fmt.format("[") + param_name_fmt.format("a") + "," + optional_fmt.format("["),
+    )
+    assert expected_a in content
+
+    expected_b = param_line_fmt.format(
+        param_name_fmt.format("b") + "," + optional_fmt.format("]") + optional_fmt.format("]"),
+    )
+    assert expected_b in content
+
+    expected_c = param_line_fmt.format(param_name_fmt.format("c") + ",")
+    assert expected_c in content
+
+    expected_d = param_line_fmt.format(param_name_fmt.format("d") + optional_fmt.format("[") + ",")
+    assert expected_d in content
+
+    expected_e = param_line_fmt.format(param_name_fmt.format("e") + ",")
+    assert expected_e in content
+
+    expected_f = param_line_fmt.format(param_name_fmt.format("f") + "," + optional_fmt.format("]"))
+    assert expected_f in content
+
+    expected_parameter_list_foo = """\
+
+<dl>
+{}{}{}{}{}{}</dl>
+
+<span class="sig-paren">)</span>\
+<a class="headerlink" href="#foo" title="Link to this definition">¶</a>\
+</dt>\
+""".format(expected_a, expected_b, expected_c, expected_d, expected_e, expected_f)
+    assert expected_parameter_list_foo in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'text', testroot='domain-js-javascript_maximum_signature_line_length',
+)
+def test_domain_js_javascript_maximum_signature_line_length_in_text(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    param_line_fmt = STDINDENT * " " + "{}\n"
+
+    expected_parameter_list_hello = "(\n{})".format(param_line_fmt.format("name,"))
+
+    assert expected_parameter_list_hello in content
+
+    expected_a = param_line_fmt.format("[a,[")
+    assert expected_a in content
+
+    expected_b = param_line_fmt.format("b,]]")
+    assert expected_b in content
+
+    expected_c = param_line_fmt.format("c,")
+    assert expected_c in content
+
+    expected_d = param_line_fmt.format("d[,")
+    assert expected_d in content
+
+    expected_e = param_line_fmt.format("e,")
+    assert expected_e in content
+
+    expected_f = param_line_fmt.format("f,]")
+    assert expected_f in content
+
+    expected_parameter_list_foo = "(\n{}{}{}{}{}{})".format(
+        expected_a, expected_b, expected_c, expected_d, expected_e, expected_f,
+    )
+    assert expected_parameter_list_foo in content
diff --git a/tests/test_domains/test_domain_py.py b/tests/test_domains/test_domain_py.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e653c80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_domains/test_domain_py.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1015 @@
+"""Tests the Python Domain"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import re
+from unittest.mock import Mock
+
+import docutils.utils
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.addnodes import (
+    desc,
+    desc_annotation,
+    desc_content,
+    desc_name,
+    desc_parameter,
+    desc_parameterlist,
+    desc_returns,
+    desc_sig_keyword,
+    desc_sig_literal_number,
+    desc_sig_literal_string,
+    desc_sig_name,
+    desc_sig_operator,
+    desc_sig_punctuation,
+    desc_sig_space,
+    desc_signature,
+    desc_type_parameter,
+    desc_type_parameter_list,
+    pending_xref,
+)
+from sphinx.domains import IndexEntry
+from sphinx.domains.python import PythonDomain, PythonModuleIndex
+from sphinx.domains.python._annotations import _parse_annotation, _pseudo_parse_arglist
+from sphinx.domains.python._object import py_sig_re
+from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+from sphinx.writers.text import STDINDENT
+
+
+def parse(sig):
+    m = py_sig_re.match(sig)
+    if m is None:
+        raise ValueError
+    name_prefix, tp_list, name, arglist, retann = m.groups()
+    signode = addnodes.desc_signature(sig, '')
+    _pseudo_parse_arglist(signode, arglist)
+    return signode.astext()
+
+
+def test_function_signatures():
+    rv = parse('func(a=1) -> int object')
+    assert rv == '(a=1)'
+
+    rv = parse('func(a=1, [b=None])')
+    assert rv == '(a=1, [b=None])'
+
+    rv = parse('func(a=1[, b=None])')
+    assert rv == '(a=1, [b=None])'
+
+    rv = parse("compile(source : string, filename, symbol='file')")
+    assert rv == "(source : string, filename, symbol='file')"
+
+    rv = parse('func(a=[], [b=None])')
+    assert rv == '(a=[], [b=None])'
+
+    rv = parse('func(a=[][, b=None])')
+    assert rv == '(a=[], [b=None])'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='domain-py')
+def test_domain_py_xrefs(app, status, warning):
+    """Domain objects have correct prefixes when looking up xrefs"""
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    def assert_refnode(node, module_name, class_name, target, reftype=None,
+                       domain='py'):
+        attributes = {
+            'refdomain': domain,
+            'reftarget': target,
+        }
+        if reftype is not None:
+            attributes['reftype'] = reftype
+        if module_name is not False:
+            attributes['py:module'] = module_name
+        if class_name is not False:
+            attributes['py:class'] = class_name
+        assert_node(node, **attributes)
+
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('roles')
+    refnodes = list(doctree.findall(pending_xref))
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[0], None, None, 'TopLevel', 'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[1], None, None, 'top_level', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[2], None, 'NestedParentA', 'child_1', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[3], None, 'NestedParentA', 'NestedChildA.subchild_2', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[4], None, 'NestedParentA', 'child_2', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[5], False, 'NestedParentA', 'any_child', domain='')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[6], None, 'NestedParentA', 'NestedChildA', 'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[7], None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'subchild_2', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[8], None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA',
+                   'NestedParentA.child_1', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[9], None, 'NestedParentA', 'NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[10], None, 'NestedParentB', 'child_1', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[11], None, 'NestedParentB', 'NestedParentB', 'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[12], None, None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'class')
+    assert len(refnodes) == 13
+
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('module')
+    refnodes = list(doctree.findall(pending_xref))
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[0], 'module_a.submodule', None,
+                   'ModTopLevel', 'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[1], 'module_a.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
+                   'mod_child_1', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[2], 'module_a.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
+                   'ModTopLevel.mod_child_1', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[3], 'module_a.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
+                   'mod_child_2', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[4], 'module_a.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
+                   'module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.mod_child_1', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[5], 'module_a.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
+                   'prop', 'attr')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[6], 'module_a.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
+                   'prop', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[7], 'module_b.submodule', None,
+                   'ModTopLevel', 'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[8], 'module_b.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
+                   'ModNoModule', 'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[9], False, False, 'int', 'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[10], False, False, 'tuple', 'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[11], False, False, 'str', 'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[12], False, False, 'float', 'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[13], False, False, 'list', 'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[14], False, False, 'ModTopLevel', 'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[15], False, False, 'index', 'doc', domain='std')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[16], False, False, 'typing.Literal', 'obj', domain='py')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[17], False, False, 'typing.Literal', 'obj', domain='py')
+    assert len(refnodes) == 18
+
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('module_option')
+    refnodes = list(doctree.findall(pending_xref))
+    print(refnodes)
+    print(refnodes[0])
+    print(refnodes[1])
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[0], 'test.extra', 'B', 'foo', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[1], 'test.extra', 'B', 'foo', 'meth')
+    assert len(refnodes) == 2
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='domain-py')
+def test_domain_py_xrefs_abbreviations(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'abbr.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert re.search(r'normal: <a .* href="module.html#module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.'
+                     r'mod_child_1" .*><.*>module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.mod_child_1\(\)'
+                     r'<.*></a>',
+                     content)
+    assert re.search(r'relative: <a .* href="module.html#module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.'
+                     r'mod_child_1" .*><.*>ModTopLevel.mod_child_1\(\)<.*></a>',
+                     content)
+    assert re.search(r'short name: <a .* href="module.html#module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.'
+                     r'mod_child_1" .*><.*>mod_child_1\(\)<.*></a>',
+                     content)
+    assert re.search(r'relative \+ short name: <a .* href="module.html#module_a.submodule.'
+                     r'ModTopLevel.mod_child_1" .*><.*>mod_child_1\(\)<.*></a>',
+                     content)
+    assert re.search(r'short name \+ relative: <a .* href="module.html#module_a.submodule.'
+                     r'ModTopLevel.mod_child_1" .*><.*>mod_child_1\(\)<.*></a>',
+                     content)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='domain-py')
+def test_domain_py_objects(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    modules = app.env.domains['py'].data['modules']
+    objects = app.env.domains['py'].data['objects']
+
+    assert 'module_a.submodule' in modules
+    assert 'module_a.submodule' in objects
+    assert 'module_b.submodule' in modules
+    assert 'module_b.submodule' in objects
+
+    assert objects['module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel'][2] == 'class'
+    assert objects['module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.mod_child_1'][2] == 'method'
+    assert objects['module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.mod_child_2'][2] == 'method'
+    assert 'ModTopLevel.ModNoModule' not in objects
+    assert objects['ModNoModule'][2] == 'class'
+    assert objects['module_b.submodule.ModTopLevel'][2] == 'class'
+
+    assert objects['TopLevel'][2] == 'class'
+    assert objects['top_level'][2] == 'method'
+    assert objects['NestedParentA'][2] == 'class'
+    assert objects['NestedParentA.child_1'][2] == 'method'
+    assert objects['NestedParentA.any_child'][2] == 'method'
+    assert objects['NestedParentA.NestedChildA'][2] == 'class'
+    assert objects['NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1'][2] == 'method'
+    assert objects['NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_2'][2] == 'method'
+    assert objects['NestedParentA.child_2'][2] == 'method'
+    assert objects['NestedParentB'][2] == 'class'
+    assert objects['NestedParentB.child_1'][2] == 'method'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='domain-py')
+def test_resolve_xref_for_properties(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'module.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('Link to <a class="reference internal" href="#module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.prop"'
+            ' title="module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.prop">'
+            '<code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'
+            'prop</span> <span class="pre">attribute</span></code></a>' in content)
+    assert ('Link to <a class="reference internal" href="#module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.prop"'
+            ' title="module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.prop">'
+            '<code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'
+            'prop</span> <span class="pre">method</span></code></a>' in content)
+    assert ('Link to <a class="reference internal" href="#module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.prop"'
+            ' title="module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.prop">'
+            '<code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'
+            'prop</span> <span class="pre">attribute</span></code></a>' in content)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='domain-py')
+def test_domain_py_find_obj(app, status, warning):
+
+    def find_obj(modname, prefix, obj_name, obj_type, searchmode=0):
+        return app.env.domains['py'].find_obj(
+            app.env, modname, prefix, obj_name, obj_type, searchmode)
+
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    assert (find_obj(None, None, 'NONEXISTANT', 'class') == [])
+    assert (find_obj(None, None, 'NestedParentA', 'class') ==
+            [('NestedParentA', ('roles', 'NestedParentA', 'class', False))])
+    assert (find_obj(None, None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'class') ==
+            [('NestedParentA.NestedChildA',
+              ('roles', 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'class', False))])
+    assert (find_obj(None, 'NestedParentA', 'NestedChildA', 'class') ==
+            [('NestedParentA.NestedChildA',
+              ('roles', 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'class', False))])
+    assert (find_obj(None, None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'meth') ==
+            [('NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1',
+              ('roles', 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'method', False))])
+    assert (find_obj(None, 'NestedParentA', 'NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'meth') ==
+            [('NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1',
+              ('roles', 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'method', False))])
+    assert (find_obj(None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'subchild_1', 'meth') ==
+            [('NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1',
+              ('roles', 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'method', False))])
+
+
+def test_get_full_qualified_name():
+    env = Mock(domaindata={})
+    domain = PythonDomain(env)
+
+    # non-python references
+    node = nodes.reference()
+    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) is None
+
+    # simple reference
+    node = nodes.reference(reftarget='func')
+    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) == 'func'
+
+    # with py:module context
+    kwargs = {'py:module': 'module1'}
+    node = nodes.reference(reftarget='func', **kwargs)
+    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) == 'module1.func'
+
+    # with py:class context
+    kwargs = {'py:class': 'Class'}
+    node = nodes.reference(reftarget='func', **kwargs)
+    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) == 'Class.func'
+
+    # with both py:module and py:class context
+    kwargs = {'py:module': 'module1', 'py:class': 'Class'}
+    node = nodes.reference(reftarget='func', **kwargs)
+    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) == 'module1.Class.func'
+
+
+def test_parse_annotation(app):
+    doctree = _parse_annotation("int", app.env)
+    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "int"],))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], pending_xref, refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="int")
+
+    doctree = _parse_annotation("List[int]", app.env)
+    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "List"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
+                          [pending_xref, "int"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"]))
+
+    doctree = _parse_annotation("Tuple[int, int]", app.env)
+    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "Tuple"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
+                          [pending_xref, "int"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, ","],
+                          desc_sig_space,
+                          [pending_xref, "int"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"]))
+
+    doctree = _parse_annotation("Tuple[()]", app.env)
+    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "Tuple"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "("],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, ")"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"]))
+
+    doctree = _parse_annotation("Tuple[int, ...]", app.env)
+    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "Tuple"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
+                          [pending_xref, "int"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, ","],
+                          desc_sig_space,
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "..."],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"]))
+
+    doctree = _parse_annotation("Callable[[int, int], int]", app.env)
+    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "Callable"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
+                          [pending_xref, "int"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, ","],
+                          desc_sig_space,
+                          [pending_xref, "int"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, ","],
+                          desc_sig_space,
+                          [pending_xref, "int"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"]))
+
+    doctree = _parse_annotation("Callable[[], int]", app.env)
+    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "Callable"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, ","],
+                          desc_sig_space,
+                          [pending_xref, "int"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"]))
+
+    doctree = _parse_annotation("List[None]", app.env)
+    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "List"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
+                          [pending_xref, "None"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"]))
+
+    # None type makes an object-reference (not a class reference)
+    doctree = _parse_annotation("None", app.env)
+    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "None"],))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], pending_xref, refdomain="py", reftype="obj", reftarget="None")
+
+    # Literal type makes an object-reference (not a class reference)
+    doctree = _parse_annotation("typing.Literal['a', 'b']", app.env)
+    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "Literal"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
+                          [desc_sig_literal_string, "'a'"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, ","],
+                          desc_sig_space,
+                          [desc_sig_literal_string, "'b'"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"]))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], pending_xref, refdomain="py", reftype="obj", reftarget="typing.Literal")
+
+
+def test_parse_annotation_suppress(app):
+    doctree = _parse_annotation("~typing.Dict[str, str]", app.env)
+    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "Dict"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
+                          [pending_xref, "str"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, ","],
+                          desc_sig_space,
+                          [pending_xref, "str"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"]))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], pending_xref, refdomain="py", reftype="obj", reftarget="typing.Dict")
+
+
+def test_parse_annotation_Literal(app):
+    doctree = _parse_annotation("Literal[True, False]", app.env)
+    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "Literal"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
+                          [desc_sig_keyword, "True"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, ","],
+                          desc_sig_space,
+                          [desc_sig_keyword, "False"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"]))
+
+    doctree = _parse_annotation("typing.Literal[0, 1, 'abc']", app.env)
+    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "Literal"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
+                          [desc_sig_literal_number, "0"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, ","],
+                          desc_sig_space,
+                          [desc_sig_literal_number, "1"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, ","],
+                          desc_sig_space,
+                          [desc_sig_literal_string, "'abc'"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"]))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(freshenv=True)
+def test_module_index(app):
+    text = (".. py:module:: docutils\n"
+            ".. py:module:: sphinx\n"
+            ".. py:module:: sphinx.config\n"
+            ".. py:module:: sphinx.builders\n"
+            ".. py:module:: sphinx.builders.html\n"
+            ".. py:module:: sphinx_intl\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    index = PythonModuleIndex(app.env.get_domain('py'))
+    assert index.generate() == (
+        [('d', [IndexEntry('docutils', 0, 'index', 'module-docutils', '', '', '')]),
+         ('s', [IndexEntry('sphinx', 1, 'index', 'module-sphinx', '', '', ''),
+                IndexEntry('sphinx.builders', 2, 'index', 'module-sphinx.builders', '', '', ''),
+                IndexEntry('sphinx.builders.html', 2, 'index', 'module-sphinx.builders.html', '', '', ''),
+                IndexEntry('sphinx.config', 2, 'index', 'module-sphinx.config', '', '', ''),
+                IndexEntry('sphinx_intl', 0, 'index', 'module-sphinx_intl', '', '', '')])],
+        False,
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(freshenv=True)
+def test_module_index_submodule(app):
+    text = ".. py:module:: sphinx.config\n"
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    index = PythonModuleIndex(app.env.get_domain('py'))
+    assert index.generate() == (
+        [('s', [IndexEntry('sphinx', 1, '', '', '', '', ''),
+                IndexEntry('sphinx.config', 2, 'index', 'module-sphinx.config', '', '', '')])],
+        False,
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(freshenv=True)
+def test_module_index_not_collapsed(app):
+    text = (".. py:module:: docutils\n"
+            ".. py:module:: sphinx\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    index = PythonModuleIndex(app.env.get_domain('py'))
+    assert index.generate() == (
+        [('d', [IndexEntry('docutils', 0, 'index', 'module-docutils', '', '', '')]),
+         ('s', [IndexEntry('sphinx', 0, 'index', 'module-sphinx', '', '', '')])],
+        True,
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(freshenv=True, confoverrides={'modindex_common_prefix': ['sphinx.']})
+def test_modindex_common_prefix(app):
+    text = (".. py:module:: docutils\n"
+            ".. py:module:: sphinx\n"
+            ".. py:module:: sphinx.config\n"
+            ".. py:module:: sphinx.builders\n"
+            ".. py:module:: sphinx.builders.html\n"
+            ".. py:module:: sphinx_intl\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    index = PythonModuleIndex(app.env.get_domain('py'))
+    assert index.generate() == (
+        [('b', [IndexEntry('sphinx.builders', 1, 'index', 'module-sphinx.builders', '', '', ''),
+                IndexEntry('sphinx.builders.html', 2, 'index', 'module-sphinx.builders.html', '', '', '')]),
+         ('c', [IndexEntry('sphinx.config', 0, 'index', 'module-sphinx.config', '', '', '')]),
+         ('d', [IndexEntry('docutils', 0, 'index', 'module-docutils', '', '', '')]),
+         ('s', [IndexEntry('sphinx', 0, 'index', 'module-sphinx', '', '', ''),
+                IndexEntry('sphinx_intl', 0, 'index', 'module-sphinx_intl', '', '', '')])],
+        True,
+    )
+
+
+def test_no_index_entry(app):
+    text = (".. py:function:: f()\n"
+            ".. py:function:: g()\n"
+            "   :no-index-entry:\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index, desc, addnodes.index, desc))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index, entries=[('pair', 'built-in function; f()', 'f', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[2], addnodes.index, entries=[])
+
+    text = (".. py:class:: f\n"
+            ".. py:class:: g\n"
+            "   :no-index-entry:\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index, desc, addnodes.index, desc))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'f (built-in class)', 'f', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[2], addnodes.index, entries=[])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='domain-py-python_use_unqualified_type_names')
+def test_python_python_use_unqualified_type_names(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="#foo.Name" title="foo.Name">'
+            '<span class="pre">Name</span></a></span>' in content)
+    assert '<span class="n"><span class="pre">foo.Age</span></span>' in content
+    assert ('<p><strong>name</strong> (<a class="reference internal" href="#foo.Name" '
+            'title="foo.Name"><em>Name</em></a>) – blah blah</p>' in content)
+    assert '<p><strong>age</strong> (<em>foo.Age</em>) – blah blah</p>' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='domain-py-python_use_unqualified_type_names',
+                    confoverrides={'python_use_unqualified_type_names': False})
+def test_python_python_use_unqualified_type_names_disabled(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="#foo.Name" title="foo.Name">'
+            '<span class="pre">foo.Name</span></a></span>' in content)
+    assert '<span class="n"><span class="pre">foo.Age</span></span>' in content
+    assert ('<p><strong>name</strong> (<a class="reference internal" href="#foo.Name" '
+            'title="foo.Name"><em>foo.Name</em></a>) – blah blah</p>' in content)
+    assert '<p><strong>age</strong> (<em>foo.Age</em>) – blah blah</p>' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='domain-py-xref-warning')
+def test_warn_missing_reference(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    assert "index.rst:6: WARNING: undefined label: 'no-label'" in warning.getvalue()
+    assert ("index.rst:6: WARNING: Failed to create a cross reference. "
+            "A title or caption not found: 'existing-label'") in warning.getvalue()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('include_options', [True, False])
+def test_signature_line_number(app, include_options):
+    text = (".. py:function:: foo(bar : string)\n" +
+            ("   :no-index-entry:\n" if include_options else ""))
+    doc = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    xrefs = list(doc.findall(condition=addnodes.pending_xref))
+    assert len(xrefs) == 1
+    source, line = docutils.utils.get_source_line(xrefs[0])
+    assert 'index.rst' in source
+    assert line == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'html',
+    confoverrides={
+        'python_maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name: str) -> str"),
+        'maximum_signature_line_length': 1,
+    },
+)
+def test_python_maximum_signature_line_length_overrides_global(app):
+    text = ".. py:function:: hello(name: str) -> str"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    expected_doctree = (addnodes.index,
+                        [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "hello"],
+                                                  desc_parameterlist,
+                                                  [desc_returns, pending_xref, "str"])],
+                                desc_content)])
+    assert_node(doctree, expected_doctree)
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="py", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    signame_node = [desc_sig_name, "name"]
+    expected_sig = [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (signame_node,
+                                                         [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
+                                                         desc_sig_space,
+                                                         [nodes.inline, pending_xref, "str"])]
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], expected_sig)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'html', testroot='domain-py-python_maximum_signature_line_length',
+)
+def test_domain_py_python_maximum_signature_line_length_in_html(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expected_parameter_list_hello = """\
+
+<dl>
+<dd>\
+<em class="sig-param">\
+<span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span>\
+<span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span>\
+<span class="w"> </span>\
+<span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span>\
+</em>,\
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<span class="sig-paren">)</span> \
+<span class="sig-return">\
+<span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> \
+<span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">str</span></span>\
+</span>\
+<a class="headerlink" href="#hello" title="Link to this definition">¶</a>\
+</dt>\
+"""
+    assert expected_parameter_list_hello in content
+
+    param_line_fmt = '<dd>{}</dd>\n'
+    param_name_fmt = (
+        '<em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">{}</span></span></em>'
+    )
+    optional_fmt = '<span class="optional">{}</span>'
+
+    expected_a = param_line_fmt.format(
+        optional_fmt.format("[") + param_name_fmt.format("a") + "," + optional_fmt.format("["),
+    )
+    assert expected_a in content
+
+    expected_b = param_line_fmt.format(
+        param_name_fmt.format("b") + "," + optional_fmt.format("]") + optional_fmt.format("]"),
+    )
+    assert expected_b in content
+
+    expected_c = param_line_fmt.format(param_name_fmt.format("c") + ",")
+    assert expected_c in content
+
+    expected_d = param_line_fmt.format(param_name_fmt.format("d") + optional_fmt.format("[") + ",")
+    assert expected_d in content
+
+    expected_e = param_line_fmt.format(param_name_fmt.format("e") + ",")
+    assert expected_e in content
+
+    expected_f = param_line_fmt.format(param_name_fmt.format("f") + "," + optional_fmt.format("]"))
+    assert expected_f in content
+
+    expected_parameter_list_foo = """\
+
+<dl>
+{}{}{}{}{}{}</dl>
+
+<span class="sig-paren">)</span>\
+<a class="headerlink" href="#foo" title="Link to this definition">¶</a>\
+</dt>\
+""".format(expected_a, expected_b, expected_c, expected_d, expected_e, expected_f)
+    assert expected_parameter_list_foo in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'text', testroot='domain-py-python_maximum_signature_line_length',
+)
+def test_domain_py_python_maximum_signature_line_length_in_text(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    param_line_fmt = STDINDENT * " " + "{}\n"
+
+    expected_parameter_list_hello = "(\n{}) -> str".format(param_line_fmt.format("name: str,"))
+
+    assert expected_parameter_list_hello in content
+
+    expected_a = param_line_fmt.format("[a,[")
+    assert expected_a in content
+
+    expected_b = param_line_fmt.format("b,]]")
+    assert expected_b in content
+
+    expected_c = param_line_fmt.format("c,")
+    assert expected_c in content
+
+    expected_d = param_line_fmt.format("d[,")
+    assert expected_d in content
+
+    expected_e = param_line_fmt.format("e,")
+    assert expected_e in content
+
+    expected_f = param_line_fmt.format("f,]")
+    assert expected_f in content
+
+    expected_parameter_list_foo = "(\n{}{}{}{}{}{})".format(
+        expected_a, expected_b, expected_c, expected_d, expected_e, expected_f,
+    )
+    assert expected_parameter_list_foo in content
+
+
+def test_module_content_line_number(app):
+    text = (".. py:module:: foo\n" +
+            "\n" +
+            "   Some link here: :ref:`abc`\n")
+    doc = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    xrefs = list(doc.findall(condition=addnodes.pending_xref))
+    assert len(xrefs) == 1
+    source, line = docutils.utils.get_source_line(xrefs[0])
+    assert 'index.rst' in source
+    assert line == 3
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(freshenv=True, confoverrides={'python_display_short_literal_types': True})
+def test_short_literal_types(app):
+    text = """\
+.. py:function:: literal_ints(x: Literal[1, 2, 3] = 1) -> None
+.. py:function:: literal_union(x: Union[Literal["a"], Literal["b"], Literal["c"]]) -> None
+"""
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_name, 'literal_ints'],
+                [desc_parameterlist, (
+                    [desc_parameter, (
+                        [desc_sig_name, 'x'],
+                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_name, (
+                            [desc_sig_literal_number, '1'],
+                            desc_sig_space,
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, '|'],
+                            desc_sig_space,
+                            [desc_sig_literal_number, '2'],
+                            desc_sig_space,
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, '|'],
+                            desc_sig_space,
+                            [desc_sig_literal_number, '3'],
+                        )],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_operator, '='],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [nodes.inline, '1'],
+                    )],
+                )],
+                [desc_returns, pending_xref, 'None'],
+            )],
+            [desc_content, ()],
+        )],
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_name, 'literal_union'],
+                [desc_parameterlist, (
+                    [desc_parameter, (
+                        [desc_sig_name, 'x'],
+                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_name, (
+                            [desc_sig_literal_string, "'a'"],
+                            desc_sig_space,
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, '|'],
+                            desc_sig_space,
+                            [desc_sig_literal_string, "'b'"],
+                            desc_sig_space,
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, '|'],
+                            desc_sig_space,
+                            [desc_sig_literal_string, "'c'"],
+                        )],
+                    )],
+                )],
+                [desc_returns, pending_xref, 'None'],
+            )],
+            [desc_content, ()],
+        )],
+    ))
+
+
+def test_function_pep_695(app):
+    text = """.. py:function:: func[\
+        S,\
+        T: int,\
+        U: (int, str),\
+        R: int | int,\
+        A: int | Annotated[int, ctype("char")],\
+        *V,\
+        **P\
+    ]
+    """
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_name, 'func'],
+                [desc_type_parameter_list, (
+                    [desc_type_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, 'S'])],
+                    [desc_type_parameter, (
+                        [desc_sig_name, 'T'],
+                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_name, ([pending_xref, 'int'])],
+                    )],
+                    [desc_type_parameter, (
+                        [desc_sig_name, 'U'],
+                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_punctuation, '('],
+                        [desc_sig_name, (
+                            [pending_xref, 'int'],
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, ','],
+                            desc_sig_space,
+                            [pending_xref, 'str'],
+                        )],
+                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ')'],
+                    )],
+                    [desc_type_parameter, (
+                        [desc_sig_name, 'R'],
+                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_name, (
+                            [pending_xref, 'int'],
+                            desc_sig_space,
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, '|'],
+                            desc_sig_space,
+                            [pending_xref, 'int'],
+                        )],
+                    )],
+                    [desc_type_parameter, (
+                        [desc_sig_name, 'A'],
+                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_name, ([pending_xref, 'int | Annotated[int, ctype("char")]'])],
+                    )],
+                    [desc_type_parameter, (
+                        [desc_sig_operator, '*'],
+                        [desc_sig_name, 'V'],
+                    )],
+                    [desc_type_parameter, (
+                        [desc_sig_operator, '**'],
+                        [desc_sig_name, 'P'],
+                    )],
+                )],
+                [desc_parameterlist, ()],
+            )],
+            [desc_content, ()],
+        )],
+    ))
+
+
+def test_class_def_pep_695(app):
+    # Non-concrete unbound generics are allowed at runtime but type checkers
+    # should fail (https://peps.python.org/pep-0695/#type-parameter-scopes)
+    text = """.. py:class:: Class[S: Sequence[T], T, KT, VT](Dict[KT, VT])"""
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_annotation, ('class', desc_sig_space)],
+                [desc_name, 'Class'],
+                [desc_type_parameter_list, (
+                    [desc_type_parameter, (
+                        [desc_sig_name, 'S'],
+                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_name, (
+                            [pending_xref, 'Sequence'],
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, '['],
+                            [pending_xref, 'T'],
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, ']'],
+                        )],
+                    )],
+                    [desc_type_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, 'T'])],
+                    [desc_type_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, 'KT'])],
+                    [desc_type_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, 'VT'])],
+                )],
+                [desc_parameterlist, ([desc_parameter, 'Dict[KT, VT]'])],
+            )],
+            [desc_content, ()],
+        )],
+    ))
+
+
+def test_class_def_pep_696(app):
+    # test default values for type variables without using PEP 696 AST parser
+    text = """.. py:class:: Class[\
+        T, KT, VT,\
+        J: int,\
+        K = list,\
+        S: str = str,\
+        L: (T, tuple[T, ...], collections.abc.Iterable[T]) = set[T],\
+        Q: collections.abc.Mapping[KT, VT] = dict[KT, VT],\
+        *V = *tuple[*Ts, bool],\
+        **P = [int, Annotated[int, ValueRange(3, 10), ctype("char")]]\
+    ](Other[T, KT, VT, J, S, L, Q, *V, **P])
+    """
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_annotation, ('class', desc_sig_space)],
+                [desc_name, 'Class'],
+                [desc_type_parameter_list, (
+                    [desc_type_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, 'T'])],
+                    [desc_type_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, 'KT'])],
+                    [desc_type_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, 'VT'])],
+                    # J: int
+                    [desc_type_parameter, (
+                        [desc_sig_name, 'J'],
+                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_name, ([pending_xref, 'int'])],
+                    )],
+                    # K = list
+                    [desc_type_parameter, (
+                        [desc_sig_name, 'K'],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_operator, '='],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [nodes.inline, 'list'],
+                    )],
+                    # S: str = str
+                    [desc_type_parameter, (
+                        [desc_sig_name, 'S'],
+                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_name, ([pending_xref, 'str'])],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_operator, '='],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [nodes.inline, 'str'],
+                    )],
+                    [desc_type_parameter, (
+                        [desc_sig_name, 'L'],
+                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_punctuation, '('],
+                        [desc_sig_name, (
+                            # T
+                            [pending_xref, 'T'],
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, ','],
+                            desc_sig_space,
+                            # tuple[T, ...]
+                            [pending_xref, 'tuple'],
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, '['],
+                            [pending_xref, 'T'],
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, ','],
+                            desc_sig_space,
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, '...'],
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, ']'],
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, ','],
+                            desc_sig_space,
+                            # collections.abc.Iterable[T]
+                            [pending_xref, 'collections.abc.Iterable'],
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, '['],
+                            [pending_xref, 'T'],
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, ']'],
+                        )],
+                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ')'],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_operator, '='],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [nodes.inline, 'set[T]'],
+                    )],
+                    [desc_type_parameter, (
+                        [desc_sig_name, 'Q'],
+                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_name, (
+                            [pending_xref, 'collections.abc.Mapping'],
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, '['],
+                            [pending_xref, 'KT'],
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, ','],
+                            desc_sig_space,
+                            [pending_xref, 'VT'],
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, ']'],
+                        )],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_operator, '='],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [nodes.inline, 'dict[KT, VT]'],
+                    )],
+                    [desc_type_parameter, (
+                        [desc_sig_operator, '*'],
+                        [desc_sig_name, 'V'],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_operator, '='],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [nodes.inline, '*tuple[*Ts, bool]'],
+                    )],
+                    [desc_type_parameter, (
+                        [desc_sig_operator, '**'],
+                        [desc_sig_name, 'P'],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_operator, '='],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [nodes.inline, '[int, Annotated[int, ValueRange(3, 10), ctype("char")]]'],
+                    )],
+                )],
+                [desc_parameterlist, (
+                    [desc_parameter, 'Other[T, KT, VT, J, S, L, Q, *V, **P]'],
+                )],
+            )],
+            [desc_content, ()],
+        )],
+    ))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('tp_list', 'tptext'), [
+    ('[T:int]', '[T: int]'),
+    ('[T:*Ts]', '[T: *Ts]'),
+    ('[T:int|(*Ts)]', '[T: int | (*Ts)]'),
+    ('[T:(*Ts)|int]', '[T: (*Ts) | int]'),
+    ('[T:(int|(*Ts))]', '[T: (int | (*Ts))]'),
+    ('[T:((*Ts)|int)]', '[T: ((*Ts) | int)]'),
+    ('[T:Annotated[int,ctype("char")]]', '[T: Annotated[int, ctype("char")]]'),
+])
+def test_pep_695_and_pep_696_whitespaces_in_bound(app, tp_list, tptext):
+    text = f'.. py:function:: f{tp_list}()'
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert doctree.astext() == f'\n\nf{tptext}()\n\n'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('tp_list', 'tptext'), [
+    ('[T:(int,str)]', '[T: (int, str)]'),
+    ('[T:(int|str,*Ts)]', '[T: (int | str, *Ts)]'),
+])
+def test_pep_695_and_pep_696_whitespaces_in_constraints(app, tp_list, tptext):
+    text = f'.. py:function:: f{tp_list}()'
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert doctree.astext() == f'\n\nf{tptext}()\n\n'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('tp_list', 'tptext'), [
+    ('[T=int]', '[T = int]'),
+    ('[T:int=int]', '[T: int = int]'),
+    ('[*V=*Ts]', '[*V = *Ts]'),
+    ('[*V=(*Ts)]', '[*V = (*Ts)]'),
+    ('[*V=*tuple[str,...]]', '[*V = *tuple[str, ...]]'),
+    ('[*V=*tuple[*Ts,...]]', '[*V = *tuple[*Ts, ...]]'),
+    ('[*V=*tuple[int,*Ts]]', '[*V = *tuple[int, *Ts]]'),
+    ('[*V=*tuple[*Ts,int]]', '[*V = *tuple[*Ts, int]]'),
+    ('[**P=[int,*Ts]]', '[**P = [int, *Ts]]'),
+    ('[**P=[int, int*3]]', '[**P = [int, int * 3]]'),
+    ('[**P=[int, *Ts*3]]', '[**P = [int, *Ts * 3]]'),
+    ('[**P=[int,A[int,ctype("char")]]]', '[**P = [int, A[int, ctype("char")]]]'),
+])
+def test_pep_695_and_pep_696_whitespaces_in_default(app, tp_list, tptext):
+    text = f'.. py:function:: f{tp_list}()'
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert doctree.astext() == f'\n\nf{tptext}()\n\n'
diff --git a/tests/test_domains/test_domain_py_canonical.py b/tests/test_domains/test_domain_py_canonical.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3635cd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_domains/test_domain_py_canonical.py
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+"""Tests the Python Domain"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.addnodes import (
+    desc,
+    desc_addname,
+    desc_annotation,
+    desc_content,
+    desc_name,
+    desc_sig_space,
+    desc_signature,
+)
+from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='domain-py', freshenv=True)
+def test_domain_py_canonical(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'canonical.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<a class="reference internal" href="#canonical.Foo" title="canonical.Foo">'
+            '<code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">'
+            '<span class="pre">Foo</span></code></a>' in content)
+    assert warning.getvalue() == ''
+
+
+def test_canonical(app):
+    text = (".. py:class:: io.StringIO\n"
+            "   :canonical: _io.StringIO")
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                    [desc_addname, "io."],
+                                                    [desc_name, "StringIO"])],
+                                  desc_content)]))
+    assert 'io.StringIO' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['io.StringIO'] == ('index', 'io.StringIO', 'class', False)
+    assert domain.objects['_io.StringIO'] == ('index', 'io.StringIO', 'class', True)
+
+
+def test_canonical_definition_overrides(app, warning):
+    text = (".. py:class:: io.StringIO\n"
+            "   :canonical: _io.StringIO\n"
+            ".. py:class:: _io.StringIO\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert warning.getvalue() == ""
+
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
+    assert domain.objects['_io.StringIO'] == ('index', 'id0', 'class', False)
+
+
+def test_canonical_definition_skip(app, warning):
+    text = (".. py:class:: _io.StringIO\n"
+            ".. py:class:: io.StringIO\n"
+            "   :canonical: _io.StringIO\n")
+
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert warning.getvalue() == ""
+
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
+    assert domain.objects['_io.StringIO'] == ('index', 'io.StringIO', 'class', False)
+
+
+def test_canonical_duplicated(app, warning):
+    text = (".. py:class:: mypackage.StringIO\n"
+            "   :canonical: _io.StringIO\n"
+            ".. py:class:: io.StringIO\n"
+            "   :canonical: _io.StringIO\n")
+
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert warning.getvalue() != ""
diff --git a/tests/test_domains/test_domain_py_fields.py b/tests/test_domains/test_domain_py_fields.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..47c40f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_domains/test_domain_py_fields.py
@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+"""Tests the Python Domain"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.addnodes import (
+    desc,
+    desc_addname,
+    desc_annotation,
+    desc_content,
+    desc_name,
+    desc_sig_punctuation,
+    desc_sig_space,
+    desc_signature,
+    pending_xref,
+)
+from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+
+
+def test_info_field_list(app):
+    text = (".. py:module:: example\n"
+            ".. py:class:: Class\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   :meta blah: this meta-field must not show up in the toc-tree\n"
+            "   :param str name: blah blah\n"
+            "   :meta another meta field:\n"
+            "   :param age: blah blah\n"
+            "   :type age: int\n"
+            "   :param items: blah blah\n"
+            "   :type items: Tuple[str, ...]\n"
+            "   :param Dict[str, str] params: blah blah\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    print(doctree)
+
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          addnodes.index,
+                          nodes.target,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                    [desc_addname, "example."],
+                                                    [desc_name, "Class"])],
+                                  [desc_content, nodes.field_list, nodes.field])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0],
+                ([nodes.field_name, "Parameters"],
+                 [nodes.field_body, nodes.bullet_list, ([nodes.list_item, nodes.paragraph],
+                                                        [nodes.list_item, nodes.paragraph],
+                                                        [nodes.list_item, nodes.paragraph],
+                                                        [nodes.list_item, nodes.paragraph])]))
+
+    # :param str name:
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][0][0],
+                ([addnodes.literal_strong, "name"],
+                 " (",
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "str"],
+                 ")",
+                 " -- ",
+                 "blah blah"))
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][0][0][2], pending_xref,
+                refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="str",
+                **{"py:module": "example", "py:class": "Class"})
+
+    # :param age: + :type age:
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][1][0],
+                ([addnodes.literal_strong, "age"],
+                 " (",
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "int"],
+                 ")",
+                 " -- ",
+                 "blah blah"))
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][1][0][2], pending_xref,
+                refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="int",
+                **{"py:module": "example", "py:class": "Class"})
+
+    # :param items: + :type items:
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][2][0],
+                ([addnodes.literal_strong, "items"],
+                 " (",
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "Tuple"],
+                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, "["],
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "str"],
+                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, ", "],
+                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, "..."],
+                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, "]"],
+                 ")",
+                 " -- ",
+                 "blah blah"))
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][2][0][2], pending_xref,
+                refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="Tuple",
+                **{"py:module": "example", "py:class": "Class"})
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][2][0][4], pending_xref,
+                refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="str",
+                **{"py:module": "example", "py:class": "Class"})
+
+    # :param Dict[str, str] params:
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][3][0],
+                ([addnodes.literal_strong, "params"],
+                 " (",
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "Dict"],
+                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, "["],
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "str"],
+                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, ", "],
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "str"],
+                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, "]"],
+                 ")",
+                 " -- ",
+                 "blah blah"))
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][3][0][2], pending_xref,
+                refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="Dict",
+                **{"py:module": "example", "py:class": "Class"})
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][3][0][4], pending_xref,
+                refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="str",
+                **{"py:module": "example", "py:class": "Class"})
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][3][0][6], pending_xref,
+                refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="str",
+                **{"py:module": "example", "py:class": "Class"})
+
+
+def test_info_field_list_piped_type(app):
+    text = (".. py:module:: example\n"
+            ".. py:class:: Class\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   :param age: blah blah\n"
+            "   :type age: int | str\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+
+    assert_node(doctree,
+                (addnodes.index,
+                 addnodes.index,
+                 nodes.target,
+                 [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space)],
+                                           [desc_addname, "example."],
+                                           [desc_name, "Class"])],
+                         [desc_content, nodes.field_list, nodes.field, (nodes.field_name,
+                                                                        nodes.field_body)])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1],
+                ([nodes.paragraph, ([addnodes.literal_strong, "age"],
+                                    " (",
+                                    [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "int"],
+                                    [addnodes.literal_emphasis, " | "],
+                                    [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "str"],
+                                    ")",
+                                    " -- ",
+                                    "blah blah")],))
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][2], pending_xref,
+                refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="int",
+                **{"py:module": "example", "py:class": "Class"})
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][4], pending_xref,
+                refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="str",
+                **{"py:module": "example", "py:class": "Class"})
+
+
+def test_info_field_list_Literal(app):
+    text = (".. py:module:: example\n"
+            ".. py:class:: Class\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   :param age: blah blah\n"
+            "   :type age: Literal['foo', 'bar', 'baz']\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+
+    assert_node(doctree,
+                (addnodes.index,
+                 addnodes.index,
+                 nodes.target,
+                 [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space)],
+                                           [desc_addname, "example."],
+                                           [desc_name, "Class"])],
+                         [desc_content, nodes.field_list, nodes.field, (nodes.field_name,
+                                                                        nodes.field_body)])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1],
+                ([nodes.paragraph, ([addnodes.literal_strong, "age"],
+                                    " (",
+                                    [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "Literal"],
+                                    [addnodes.literal_emphasis, "["],
+                                    [addnodes.literal_emphasis, "'foo'"],
+                                    [addnodes.literal_emphasis, ", "],
+                                    [addnodes.literal_emphasis, "'bar'"],
+                                    [addnodes.literal_emphasis, ", "],
+                                    [addnodes.literal_emphasis, "'baz'"],
+                                    [addnodes.literal_emphasis, "]"],
+                                    ")",
+                                    " -- ",
+                                    "blah blah")],))
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][2], pending_xref,
+                refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="Literal",
+                **{"py:module": "example", "py:class": "Class"})
+
+
+def test_info_field_list_var(app):
+    text = (".. py:class:: Class\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   :var int attr: blah blah\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, (desc_signature,
+                                  [desc_content, nodes.field_list, nodes.field])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][0][0], ([nodes.field_name, "Variables"],
+                                      [nodes.field_body, nodes.paragraph]))
+
+    # :var int attr:
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][0][0][1][0],
+                ([addnodes.literal_strong, "attr"],
+                 " (",
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "int"],
+                 ")",
+                 " -- ",
+                 "blah blah"))
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][0][0][1][0][2], pending_xref,
+                refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="int", **{"py:class": "Class"})
+
+
+def test_info_field_list_napoleon_deliminator_of(app):
+    text = (".. py:module:: example\n"
+            ".. py:class:: Class\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   :param list_str_var: example description.\n"
+            "   :type list_str_var: list of str\n"
+            "   :param tuple_int_var: example description.\n"
+            "   :type tuple_int_var: tuple of tuple of int\n"
+            )
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+
+    # :param list of str list_str_var:
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][0][0],
+                ([addnodes.literal_strong, "list_str_var"],
+                 " (",
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "list"],
+                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, " of "],
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "str"],
+                 ")",
+                 " -- ",
+                 "example description."))
+
+    # :param tuple of tuple of int tuple_int_var:
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][1][0],
+                ([addnodes.literal_strong, "tuple_int_var"],
+                 " (",
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "tuple"],
+                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, " of "],
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "tuple"],
+                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, " of "],
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "int"],
+                 ")",
+                 " -- ",
+                 "example description."))
+
+
+def test_info_field_list_napoleon_deliminator_or(app):
+    text = (".. py:module:: example\n"
+            ".. py:class:: Class\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   :param bool_str_var: example description.\n"
+            "   :type bool_str_var: bool or str\n"
+            "   :param str_float_int_var: example description.\n"
+            "   :type str_float_int_var: str or float or int\n"
+            )
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+
+    # :param bool or str bool_str_var:
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][0][0],
+                ([addnodes.literal_strong, "bool_str_var"],
+                 " (",
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "bool"],
+                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, " or "],
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "str"],
+                 ")",
+                 " -- ",
+                 "example description."))
+
+    # :param str or float or int str_float_int_var:
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][1][0],
+                ([addnodes.literal_strong, "str_float_int_var"],
+                 " (",
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "str"],
+                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, " or "],
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "float"],
+                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, " or "],
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "int"],
+                 ")",
+                 " -- ",
+                 "example description."))
+
+
+def test_type_field(app):
+    text = (".. py:data:: var1\n"
+            "   :type: .int\n"
+            ".. py:data:: var2\n"
+            "   :type: ~builtins.int\n"
+            ".. py:data:: var3\n"
+            "   :type: typing.Optional[typing.Tuple[int, typing.Any]]\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "var1"],
+                                                    [desc_annotation, ([desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                                                                       desc_sig_space,
+                                                                       [pending_xref, "int"])])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])],
+                          addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "var2"],
+                                                    [desc_annotation, ([desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                                                                       desc_sig_space,
+                                                                       [pending_xref, "int"])])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])],
+                          addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "var3"],
+                                                    [desc_annotation, ([desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
+                                                                       desc_sig_space,
+                                                                       [pending_xref, "Optional"],
+                                                                       [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
+                                                                       [pending_xref, "Tuple"],
+                                                                       [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
+                                                                       [pending_xref, "int"],
+                                                                       [desc_sig_punctuation, ","],
+                                                                       desc_sig_space,
+                                                                       [pending_xref, "Any"],
+                                                                       [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"],
+                                                                       [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"])])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1][2], pending_xref, reftarget='int', refspecific=True)
+    assert_node(doctree[3][0][1][2], pending_xref, reftarget='builtins.int', refspecific=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[5][0][1][2], pending_xref, reftarget='typing.Optional', refspecific=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[5][0][1][4], pending_xref, reftarget='typing.Tuple', refspecific=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[5][0][1][6], pending_xref, reftarget='int', refspecific=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[5][0][1][9], pending_xref, reftarget='typing.Any', refspecific=False)
diff --git a/tests/test_domains/test_domain_py_pyfunction.py b/tests/test_domains/test_domain_py_pyfunction.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..187b919
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_domains/test_domain_py_pyfunction.py
@@ -0,0 +1,396 @@
+"""Tests the Python Domain"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.addnodes import (
+    desc,
+    desc_addname,
+    desc_annotation,
+    desc_content,
+    desc_name,
+    desc_optional,
+    desc_parameter,
+    desc_parameterlist,
+    desc_returns,
+    desc_sig_keyword,
+    desc_sig_name,
+    desc_sig_operator,
+    desc_sig_punctuation,
+    desc_sig_space,
+    desc_signature,
+    pending_xref,
+)
+from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+
+
+def test_pyfunction(app):
+    text = (".. py:function:: func1\n"
+            ".. py:module:: example\n"
+            ".. py:function:: func2\n"
+            "   :async:\n")
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "func1"],
+                                                    [desc_parameterlist, ()])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])],
+                          addnodes.index,
+                          addnodes.index,
+                          nodes.target,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ([desc_sig_keyword, 'async'],
+                                                                       desc_sig_space)],
+                                                    [desc_addname, "example."],
+                                                    [desc_name, "func2"],
+                                                    [desc_parameterlist, ()])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('pair', 'built-in function; func1()', 'func1', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[2], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('pair', 'module; example', 'module-example', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[3], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('single', 'func2() (in module example)', 'example.func2', '', None)])
+
+    assert 'func1' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['func1'] == ('index', 'func1', 'function', False)
+    assert 'example.func2' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['example.func2'] == ('index', 'example.func2', 'function', False)
+
+
+def test_pyfunction_signature(app):
+    text = ".. py:function:: hello(name: str) -> str"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "hello"],
+                                                    desc_parameterlist,
+                                                    [desc_returns, pending_xref, "str"])],
+                                  desc_content)]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="py", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "name"],
+                                                      [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
+                                                      desc_sig_space,
+                                                      [nodes.inline, pending_xref, "str"])])
+
+
+def test_pyfunction_signature_full(app):
+    text = (".. py:function:: hello(a: str, b = 1, *args: str, "
+            "c: bool = True, d: tuple = (1, 2), **kwargs: str) -> str")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "hello"],
+                                                    desc_parameterlist,
+                                                    [desc_returns, pending_xref, "str"])],
+                                  desc_content)]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="py", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                [desc_parameterlist, ([desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "a"],
+                                                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
+                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                        [desc_sig_name, pending_xref, "str"])],
+                                      [desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "b"],
+                                                        [desc_sig_operator, "="],
+                                                        [nodes.inline, "1"])],
+                                      [desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_operator, "*"],
+                                                        [desc_sig_name, "args"],
+                                                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
+                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                        [desc_sig_name, pending_xref, "str"])],
+                                      [desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "c"],
+                                                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
+                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                        [desc_sig_name, pending_xref, "bool"],
+                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                        [desc_sig_operator, "="],
+                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                        [nodes.inline, "True"])],
+                                      [desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "d"],
+                                                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
+                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                        [desc_sig_name, pending_xref, "tuple"],
+                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                        [desc_sig_operator, "="],
+                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                        [nodes.inline, "(1, 2)"])],
+                                      [desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_operator, "**"],
+                                                        [desc_sig_name, "kwargs"],
+                                                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
+                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                        [desc_sig_name, pending_xref, "str"])])])
+    # case: separator at head
+    text = ".. py:function:: hello(*, a)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                [desc_parameterlist, ([desc_parameter, nodes.inline, "*"],
+                                      [desc_parameter, desc_sig_name, "a"])])
+
+    # case: separator in the middle
+    text = ".. py:function:: hello(a, /, b, *, c)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                [desc_parameterlist, ([desc_parameter, desc_sig_name, "a"],
+                                      [desc_parameter, desc_sig_operator, "/"],
+                                      [desc_parameter, desc_sig_name, "b"],
+                                      [desc_parameter, desc_sig_operator, "*"],
+                                      [desc_parameter, desc_sig_name, "c"])])
+
+    # case: separator in the middle (2)
+    text = ".. py:function:: hello(a, /, *, b)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                [desc_parameterlist, ([desc_parameter, desc_sig_name, "a"],
+                                      [desc_parameter, desc_sig_operator, "/"],
+                                      [desc_parameter, desc_sig_operator, "*"],
+                                      [desc_parameter, desc_sig_name, "b"])])
+
+    # case: separator at tail
+    text = ".. py:function:: hello(a, /)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                [desc_parameterlist, ([desc_parameter, desc_sig_name, "a"],
+                                      [desc_parameter, desc_sig_operator, "/"])])
+
+
+def test_pyfunction_with_unary_operators(app):
+    text = ".. py:function:: menu(egg=+1, bacon=-1, sausage=~1, spam=not spam)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                [desc_parameterlist, ([desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "egg"],
+                                                        [desc_sig_operator, "="],
+                                                        [nodes.inline, "+1"])],
+                                      [desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "bacon"],
+                                                        [desc_sig_operator, "="],
+                                                        [nodes.inline, "-1"])],
+                                      [desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "sausage"],
+                                                        [desc_sig_operator, "="],
+                                                        [nodes.inline, "~1"])],
+                                      [desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "spam"],
+                                                        [desc_sig_operator, "="],
+                                                        [nodes.inline, "not spam"])])])
+
+
+def test_pyfunction_with_binary_operators(app):
+    text = ".. py:function:: menu(spam=2**64)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                [desc_parameterlist, ([desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "spam"],
+                                                        [desc_sig_operator, "="],
+                                                        [nodes.inline, "2**64"])])])
+
+
+def test_pyfunction_with_number_literals(app):
+    text = ".. py:function:: hello(age=0x10, height=1_6_0)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                [desc_parameterlist, ([desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "age"],
+                                                        [desc_sig_operator, "="],
+                                                        [nodes.inline, "0x10"])],
+                                      [desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "height"],
+                                                        [desc_sig_operator, "="],
+                                                        [nodes.inline, "1_6_0"])])])
+
+
+def test_pyfunction_with_union_type_operator(app):
+    text = ".. py:function:: hello(age: int | None)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                [desc_parameterlist, ([desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "age"],
+                                                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
+                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                        [desc_sig_name, ([pending_xref, "int"],
+                                                                         desc_sig_space,
+                                                                         [desc_sig_punctuation, "|"],
+                                                                         desc_sig_space,
+                                                                         [pending_xref, "None"])])])])
+
+
+def test_optional_pyfunction_signature(app):
+    text = ".. py:function:: compile(source [, filename [, symbol]]) -> ast object"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "compile"],
+                                                    desc_parameterlist,
+                                                    [desc_returns, pending_xref, "ast object"])],
+                                  desc_content)]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="py", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                ([desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "source"])],
+                 [desc_optional, ([desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "filename"])],
+                                  [desc_optional, desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "symbol"])])]))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'python_maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name: str) -> str"),
+})
+def test_pyfunction_signature_with_python_maximum_signature_line_length_equal(app):
+    text = ".. py:function:: hello(name: str) -> str"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_name, "hello"],
+                desc_parameterlist,
+                [desc_returns, pending_xref, "str"],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="py", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [desc_sig_name, "name"],
+        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [nodes.inline, pending_xref, "str"],
+    )])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'python_maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name: str) -> str"),
+})
+def test_pyfunction_signature_with_python_maximum_signature_line_length_force_single(app):
+    text = (".. py:function:: hello(names: str) -> str\n"
+            "   :single-line-parameter-list:")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_name, "hello"],
+                desc_parameterlist,
+                [desc_returns, pending_xref, "str"],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="py", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [desc_sig_name, "names"],
+        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [nodes.inline, pending_xref, "str"],
+    )])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'python_maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name: str) -> str"),
+})
+def test_pyfunction_signature_with_python_maximum_signature_line_length_break(app):
+    text = ".. py:function:: hello(names: str) -> str"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_name, "hello"],
+                desc_parameterlist,
+                [desc_returns, pending_xref, "str"],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="py", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [desc_sig_name, "names"],
+        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [nodes.inline, pending_xref, "str"],
+    )])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=True)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name: str) -> str"),
+})
+def test_pyfunction_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_equal(app):
+    text = ".. py:function:: hello(name: str) -> str"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_name, "hello"],
+                desc_parameterlist,
+                [desc_returns, pending_xref, "str"],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="py", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [desc_sig_name, "name"],
+        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [nodes.inline, pending_xref, "str"],
+    )])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name: str) -> str"),
+})
+def test_pyfunction_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_force_single(app):
+    text = (".. py:function:: hello(names: str) -> str\n"
+            "   :single-line-parameter-list:")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_name, "hello"],
+                desc_parameterlist,
+                [desc_returns, pending_xref, "str"],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="py", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [desc_sig_name, "names"],
+        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [nodes.inline, pending_xref, "str"],
+    )])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name: str) -> str"),
+})
+def test_pyfunction_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_break(app):
+    text = ".. py:function:: hello(names: str) -> str"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_name, "hello"],
+                desc_parameterlist,
+                [desc_returns, pending_xref, "str"],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="py", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [desc_sig_name, "names"],
+        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [nodes.inline, pending_xref, "str"],
+    )])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=True)
diff --git a/tests/test_domains/test_domain_py_pyobject.py b/tests/test_domains/test_domain_py_pyobject.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04f9341
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_domains/test_domain_py_pyobject.py
@@ -0,0 +1,487 @@
+"""Tests the Python Domain"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.addnodes import (
+    desc,
+    desc_addname,
+    desc_annotation,
+    desc_content,
+    desc_name,
+    desc_parameterlist,
+    desc_sig_punctuation,
+    desc_sig_space,
+    desc_signature,
+    pending_xref,
+)
+from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+
+
+def test_pyexception_signature(app):
+    text = ".. py:exception:: builtins.IOError"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ('exception', desc_sig_space)],
+                                                    [desc_addname, "builtins."],
+                                                    [desc_name, "IOError"])],
+                                  desc_content)]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], desc, desctype="exception",
+                domain="py", objtype="exception", no_index=False)
+
+
+def test_pydata_signature(app):
+    text = (".. py:data:: version\n"
+            "   :type: int\n"
+            "   :value: 1\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "version"],
+                                                    [desc_annotation, ([desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                                                                       desc_sig_space,
+                                                                       [pending_xref, "int"])],
+                                                    [desc_annotation, (
+                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                        [desc_sig_punctuation, '='],
+                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                        "1")],
+                                                    )],
+                                  desc_content)]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="data",
+                domain="py", objtype="data", no_index=False)
+
+
+def test_pydata_signature_old(app):
+    text = (".. py:data:: version\n"
+            "   :annotation: = 1\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "version"],
+                                                    [desc_annotation, (desc_sig_space,
+                                                                       "= 1")])],
+                                  desc_content)]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="data",
+                domain="py", objtype="data", no_index=False)
+
+
+def test_pydata_with_union_type_operator(app):
+    text = (".. py:data:: version\n"
+            "   :type: int | str")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0],
+                ([desc_name, "version"],
+                 [desc_annotation, ([desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                                    desc_sig_space,
+                                    [pending_xref, "int"],
+                                    desc_sig_space,
+                                    [desc_sig_punctuation, "|"],
+                                    desc_sig_space,
+                                    [pending_xref, "str"])]))
+
+
+def test_pyobject_prefix(app):
+    text = (".. py:class:: Foo\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   .. py:method:: Foo.say\n"
+            "   .. py:method:: FooBar.say")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ('class', desc_sig_space)],
+                                                    [desc_name, "Foo"])],
+                                  [desc_content, (addnodes.index,
+                                                  desc,
+                                                  addnodes.index,
+                                                  desc)])]))
+    assert doctree[1][1][1].astext().strip() == 'say()'           # prefix is stripped
+    assert doctree[1][1][3].astext().strip() == 'FooBar.say()'    # not stripped
+
+
+def test_pydata(app):
+    text = (".. py:module:: example\n"
+            ".. py:data:: var\n"
+            "   :type: int\n")
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          addnodes.index,
+                          nodes.target,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_addname, "example."],
+                                                    [desc_name, "var"],
+                                                    [desc_annotation, ([desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                                                                       desc_sig_space,
+                                                                       [pending_xref, "int"])])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[3][0][2][2], pending_xref, **{"py:module": "example"})
+    assert 'example.var' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['example.var'] == ('index', 'example.var', 'data', False)
+
+
+def test_pyclass_options(app):
+    text = (".. py:class:: Class1\n"
+            ".. py:class:: Class2\n"
+            "   :final:\n")
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                    [desc_name, "Class1"])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])],
+                          addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("final",
+                                                                       desc_sig_space,
+                                                                       "class",
+                                                                       desc_sig_space)],
+                                                    [desc_name, "Class2"])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+
+    # class
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('single', 'Class1 (built-in class)', 'Class1', '', None)])
+    assert 'Class1' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Class1'] == ('index', 'Class1', 'class', False)
+
+    # :final:
+    assert_node(doctree[2], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('single', 'Class2 (built-in class)', 'Class2', '', None)])
+    assert 'Class2' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Class2'] == ('index', 'Class2', 'class', False)
+
+
+def test_pymethod_options(app):
+    text = (".. py:class:: Class\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   .. py:method:: meth1\n"
+            "   .. py:method:: meth2\n"
+            "      :classmethod:\n"
+            "   .. py:method:: meth3\n"
+            "      :staticmethod:\n"
+            "   .. py:method:: meth4\n"
+            "      :async:\n"
+            "   .. py:method:: meth5\n"
+            "      :abstractmethod:\n"
+            "   .. py:method:: meth6\n"
+            "      :final:\n")
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                    [desc_name, "Class"])],
+                                  [desc_content, (addnodes.index,
+                                                  desc,
+                                                  addnodes.index,
+                                                  desc,
+                                                  addnodes.index,
+                                                  desc,
+                                                  addnodes.index,
+                                                  desc,
+                                                  addnodes.index,
+                                                  desc,
+                                                  addnodes.index,
+                                                  desc)])]))
+
+    # method
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][0], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('single', 'meth1() (Class method)', 'Class.meth1', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][1], ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "meth1"],
+                                                     [desc_parameterlist, ()])],
+                                   [desc_content, ()]))
+    assert 'Class.meth1' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Class.meth1'] == ('index', 'Class.meth1', 'method', False)
+
+    # :classmethod:
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][2], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('single', 'meth2() (Class class method)', 'Class.meth2', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][3], ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("classmethod", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                     [desc_name, "meth2"],
+                                                     [desc_parameterlist, ()])],
+                                   [desc_content, ()]))
+    assert 'Class.meth2' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Class.meth2'] == ('index', 'Class.meth2', 'method', False)
+
+    # :staticmethod:
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][4], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('single', 'meth3() (Class static method)', 'Class.meth3', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][5], ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("static", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                     [desc_name, "meth3"],
+                                                     [desc_parameterlist, ()])],
+                                   [desc_content, ()]))
+    assert 'Class.meth3' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Class.meth3'] == ('index', 'Class.meth3', 'method', False)
+
+    # :async:
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][6], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('single', 'meth4() (Class method)', 'Class.meth4', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][7], ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("async", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                     [desc_name, "meth4"],
+                                                     [desc_parameterlist, ()])],
+                                   [desc_content, ()]))
+    assert 'Class.meth4' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Class.meth4'] == ('index', 'Class.meth4', 'method', False)
+
+    # :abstractmethod:
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][8], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('single', 'meth5() (Class method)', 'Class.meth5', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][9], ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("abstract", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                     [desc_name, "meth5"],
+                                                     [desc_parameterlist, ()])],
+                                   [desc_content, ()]))
+    assert 'Class.meth5' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Class.meth5'] == ('index', 'Class.meth5', 'method', False)
+
+    # :final:
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][10], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('single', 'meth6() (Class method)', 'Class.meth6', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][11], ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("final", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                      [desc_name, "meth6"],
+                                                      [desc_parameterlist, ()])],
+                                    [desc_content, ()]))
+    assert 'Class.meth6' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Class.meth6'] == ('index', 'Class.meth6', 'method', False)
+
+
+def test_pyclassmethod(app):
+    text = (".. py:class:: Class\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   .. py:classmethod:: meth\n")
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                    [desc_name, "Class"])],
+                                  [desc_content, (addnodes.index,
+                                                  desc)])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][0], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('single', 'meth() (Class class method)', 'Class.meth', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][1], ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("classmethod", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                     [desc_name, "meth"],
+                                                     [desc_parameterlist, ()])],
+                                   [desc_content, ()]))
+    assert 'Class.meth' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Class.meth'] == ('index', 'Class.meth', 'method', False)
+
+
+def test_pystaticmethod(app):
+    text = (".. py:class:: Class\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   .. py:staticmethod:: meth\n")
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                    [desc_name, "Class"])],
+                                  [desc_content, (addnodes.index,
+                                                  desc)])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][0], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('single', 'meth() (Class static method)', 'Class.meth', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][1], ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("static", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                     [desc_name, "meth"],
+                                                     [desc_parameterlist, ()])],
+                                   [desc_content, ()]))
+    assert 'Class.meth' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Class.meth'] == ('index', 'Class.meth', 'method', False)
+
+
+def test_pyattribute(app):
+    text = (".. py:class:: Class\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   .. py:attribute:: attr\n"
+            "      :type: Optional[str]\n"
+            "      :value: ''\n")
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                    [desc_name, "Class"])],
+                                  [desc_content, (addnodes.index,
+                                                  desc)])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][0], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('single', 'attr (Class attribute)', 'Class.attr', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][1], ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "attr"],
+                                                     [desc_annotation, ([desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                                        [pending_xref, "str"],
+                                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                                        [desc_sig_punctuation, "|"],
+                                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                                        [pending_xref, "None"])],
+                                                     [desc_annotation, (desc_sig_space,
+                                                                        [desc_sig_punctuation, '='],
+                                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                                        "''")],
+                                                     )],
+                                   [desc_content, ()]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][1][0][1][2], pending_xref, **{"py:class": "Class"})
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][1][0][1][6], pending_xref, **{"py:class": "Class"})
+    assert 'Class.attr' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Class.attr'] == ('index', 'Class.attr', 'attribute', False)
+
+
+def test_pyproperty(app):
+    text = (".. py:class:: Class\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   .. py:property:: prop1\n"
+            "      :abstractmethod:\n"
+            "      :type: str\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   .. py:property:: prop2\n"
+            "      :classmethod:\n"
+            "      :type: str\n")
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                    [desc_name, "Class"])],
+                                  [desc_content, (addnodes.index,
+                                                  desc,
+                                                  addnodes.index,
+                                                  desc)])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][0], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('single', 'prop1 (Class property)', 'Class.prop1', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][1], ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("abstract", desc_sig_space,
+                                                                        "property", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                     [desc_name, "prop1"],
+                                                     [desc_annotation, ([desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                                        [pending_xref, "str"])])],
+                                   [desc_content, ()]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][2], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('single', 'prop2 (Class property)', 'Class.prop2', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][3], ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space,
+                                                                        "property", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                     [desc_name, "prop2"],
+                                                     [desc_annotation, ([desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                                        [pending_xref, "str"])])],
+                                   [desc_content, ()]))
+    assert 'Class.prop1' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Class.prop1'] == ('index', 'Class.prop1', 'property', False)
+    assert 'Class.prop2' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Class.prop2'] == ('index', 'Class.prop2', 'property', False)
+
+
+def test_pydecorator_signature(app):
+    text = ".. py:decorator:: deco"
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_addname, "@"],
+                                                    [desc_name, "deco"])],
+                                  desc_content)]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="py", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+
+    assert 'deco' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['deco'] == ('index', 'deco', 'function', False)
+
+
+def test_pydecoratormethod_signature(app):
+    text = ".. py:decoratormethod:: deco"
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_addname, "@"],
+                                                    [desc_name, "deco"])],
+                                  desc_content)]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="method",
+                domain="py", objtype="method", no_index=False)
+
+    assert 'deco' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['deco'] == ('index', 'deco', 'method', False)
+
+
+def test_pycurrentmodule(app):
+    text = (".. py:module:: Other\n"
+            "\n"
+            ".. py:module:: Module\n"
+            ".. py:class:: A\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   .. py:method:: m1\n"
+            "   .. py:method:: m2\n"
+            "\n"
+            ".. py:currentmodule:: Other\n"
+            "\n"
+            ".. py:class:: B\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   .. py:method:: m3\n"
+            "   .. py:method:: m4\n")
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    print(doctree)
+    assert_node(
+        doctree, (
+            addnodes.index,
+            addnodes.index,
+            addnodes.index,
+            nodes.target,
+            nodes.target,
+            [desc, (
+                [desc_signature, (
+                    [desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space)],
+                    [desc_addname, "Module."],
+                    [desc_name, "A"],
+                )],
+                [desc_content, (
+                    addnodes.index,
+                    [desc, (
+                        [desc_signature, (
+                            [desc_name, "m1"],
+                            [desc_parameterlist, ()],
+                        )],
+                        [desc_content, ()],
+                    )],
+                    addnodes.index,
+                    [desc, (
+                        [desc_signature, (
+                            [desc_name, "m2"],
+                            [desc_parameterlist, ()],
+                        )],
+                        [desc_content, ()],
+                    )],
+                )],
+            )],
+            addnodes.index,
+            [desc, (
+                [desc_signature, (
+                    [desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space)],
+                    [desc_addname, "Other."],
+                    [desc_name, "B"],
+                )],
+                [desc_content, (
+                    addnodes.index,
+                    [desc, (
+                        [desc_signature, (
+                            [desc_name, "m3"],
+                            [desc_parameterlist, ()],
+                        )],
+                        [desc_content, ()],
+                    )],
+                    addnodes.index,
+                    [desc, (
+                        [desc_signature, (
+                            [desc_name, "m4"],
+                            [desc_parameterlist, ()],
+                        )],
+                        [desc_content, ()],
+                    )],
+                )],
+            )],
+        ))
+    assert 'Module' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Module'] == ('index', 'module-Module', 'module', False)
+    assert 'Other' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Other'] == ('index', 'module-Other', 'module', False)
+    assert 'Module.A' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Module.A'] == ('index', 'Module.A', 'class', False)
+    assert 'Other.B' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Other.B'] == ('index', 'Other.B', 'class', False)
+    assert 'Module.A.m1' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Module.A.m1'] == ('index', 'Module.A.m1', 'method', False)
+    assert 'Module.A.m2' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Module.A.m2'] == ('index', 'Module.A.m2', 'method', False)
+    assert 'Other.B.m3' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Other.B.m3'] == ('index', 'Other.B.m3', 'method', False)
+    assert 'Other.B.m4' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Other.B.m4'] == ('index', 'Other.B.m4', 'method', False)
diff --git a/tests/test_domains/test_domain_rst.py b/tests/test_domains/test_domain_rst.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4445da1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_domains/test_domain_rst.py
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+"""Tests the reStructuredText domain."""
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.addnodes import (
+    desc,
+    desc_addname,
+    desc_annotation,
+    desc_content,
+    desc_name,
+    desc_signature,
+)
+from sphinx.domains.rst import parse_directive
+from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+
+
+def test_parse_directive():
+    s = parse_directive(' foö  ')
+    assert s == ('foö', '')
+
+    s = parse_directive(' ..    foö ::  ')
+    assert s == ('foö', '')
+
+    s = parse_directive('.. foö:: args1 args2')
+    assert s == ('foö', ' args1 args2')
+
+    s = parse_directive('.. :: bar')
+    assert s == ('.. :: bar', '')
+
+
+def test_rst_directive(app):
+    # bare
+    text = ".. rst:directive:: toctree"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, desc_name, ".. toctree::"],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[0],
+                entries=[("single", "toctree (directive)", "directive-toctree", "", None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="directive",
+                domain="rst", objtype="directive", no_index=False)
+
+    # decorated
+    text = ".. rst:directive:: .. toctree::"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, desc_name, ".. toctree::"],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[0],
+                entries=[("single", "toctree (directive)", "directive-toctree", "", None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="directive",
+                domain="rst", objtype="directive", no_index=False)
+
+
+def test_rst_directive_with_argument(app):
+    text = ".. rst:directive:: .. toctree:: foo bar baz"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, ".. toctree::"],
+                                                    [desc_addname, " foo bar baz"])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[0],
+                entries=[("single", "toctree (directive)", "directive-toctree", "", None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="directive",
+                domain="rst", objtype="directive", no_index=False)
+
+
+def test_rst_directive_option(app):
+    text = ".. rst:directive:option:: foo"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, desc_name, ":foo:"],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[0],
+                entries=[("single", ":foo: (directive option)",
+                          "directive-option-foo", "", "F")])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="directive:option",
+                domain="rst", objtype="directive:option", no_index=False)
+
+
+def test_rst_directive_option_with_argument(app):
+    text = ".. rst:directive:option:: foo: bar baz"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, ":foo:"],
+                                                    [desc_annotation, " bar baz"])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[0],
+                entries=[("single", ":foo: (directive option)",
+                          "directive-option-foo", "", "F")])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="directive:option",
+                domain="rst", objtype="directive:option", no_index=False)
+
+
+def test_rst_directive_option_type(app):
+    text = (".. rst:directive:option:: foo\n"
+            "   :type: directives.flags\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, ":foo:"],
+                                                    [desc_annotation, " (directives.flags)"])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[0],
+                entries=[("single", ":foo: (directive option)",
+                          "directive-option-foo", "", "F")])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="directive:option",
+                domain="rst", objtype="directive:option", no_index=False)
+
+
+def test_rst_directive_and_directive_option(app):
+    text = (".. rst:directive:: foo\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   .. rst:directive:option:: bar\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, desc_name, ".. foo::"],
+                                  [desc_content, (addnodes.index,
+                                                  desc)])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][0],
+                entries=[("pair", "foo (directive); :bar: (directive option)",
+                          "directive-option-foo-bar", "", "B")])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][1], ([desc_signature, desc_name, ":bar:"],
+                                   [desc_content, ()]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][1], addnodes.desc, desctype="directive:option",
+                domain="rst", objtype="directive:option", no_index=False)
+
+
+def test_rst_role(app):
+    text = ".. rst:role:: ref"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, desc_name, ":ref:"],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[0],
+                entries=[("single", "ref (role)", "role-ref", "", None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="role",
+                domain="rst", objtype="role", no_index=False)
diff --git a/tests/test_domains/test_domain_std.py b/tests/test_domains/test_domain_std.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..52ecdf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_domains/test_domain_std.py
@@ -0,0 +1,517 @@
+"""Tests the std domain"""
+
+from unittest import mock
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+from docutils.nodes import definition, definition_list, definition_list_item, term
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.addnodes import (
+    desc,
+    desc_addname,
+    desc_content,
+    desc_name,
+    desc_signature,
+    glossary,
+    index,
+    pending_xref,
+)
+from sphinx.domains.std import StandardDomain
+from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node, etree_parse
+
+
+def test_process_doc_handle_figure_caption():
+    env = mock.Mock(domaindata={})
+    env.app.registry.enumerable_nodes = {}
+    figure_node = nodes.figure(
+        '',
+        nodes.caption('caption text', 'caption text'),
+    )
+    document = mock.Mock(
+        nametypes={'testname': True},
+        nameids={'testname': 'testid'},
+        ids={'testid': figure_node},
+        citation_refs={},
+    )
+    document.findall.return_value = []
+
+    domain = StandardDomain(env)
+    if 'testname' in domain.data['labels']:
+        del domain.data['labels']['testname']
+    domain.process_doc(env, 'testdoc', document)
+    assert 'testname' in domain.data['labels']
+    assert domain.data['labels']['testname'] == (
+        'testdoc', 'testid', 'caption text')
+
+
+def test_process_doc_handle_table_title():
+    env = mock.Mock(domaindata={})
+    env.app.registry.enumerable_nodes = {}
+    table_node = nodes.table(
+        '',
+        nodes.title('title text', 'title text'),
+    )
+    document = mock.Mock(
+        nametypes={'testname': True},
+        nameids={'testname': 'testid'},
+        ids={'testid': table_node},
+        citation_refs={},
+    )
+    document.findall.return_value = []
+
+    domain = StandardDomain(env)
+    if 'testname' in domain.data['labels']:
+        del domain.data['labels']['testname']
+    domain.process_doc(env, 'testdoc', document)
+    assert 'testname' in domain.data['labels']
+    assert domain.data['labels']['testname'] == (
+        'testdoc', 'testid', 'title text')
+
+
+def test_get_full_qualified_name():
+    env = mock.Mock(domaindata={})
+    env.app.registry.enumerable_nodes = {}
+    domain = StandardDomain(env)
+
+    # normal references
+    node = nodes.reference()
+    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) is None
+
+    # simple reference to options
+    node = nodes.reference(reftype='option', reftarget='-l')
+    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) is None
+
+    # options with std:program context
+    kwargs = {'std:program': 'ls'}
+    node = nodes.reference(reftype='option', reftarget='-l', **kwargs)
+    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) == 'ls.-l'
+
+
+def test_cmd_option_with_optional_value(app):
+    text = ".. option:: -j[=N]"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, '-j'],
+                                                    [desc_addname, '[=N]'])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('pair', 'command line option; -j', 'cmdoption-j', '', None)])
+
+    objects = list(app.env.get_domain("std").get_objects())
+    assert ('-j', '-j', 'cmdoption', 'index', 'cmdoption-j', 1) in objects
+
+
+def test_cmd_option_starting_with_bracket(app):
+    text = ".. option:: [enable=]PATTERN"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, '[enable'],
+                                                    [desc_addname, '=]PATTERN'])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    objects = list(app.env.get_domain("std").get_objects())
+    assert ('[enable', '[enable', 'cmdoption', 'index', 'cmdoption-arg-enable', 1) in objects
+
+
+def test_glossary(app):
+    text = (".. glossary::\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   term1\n"
+            "   TERM2\n"
+            "       description\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   term3 : classifier\n"
+            "       description\n"
+            "       description\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   term4 : class1 : class2\n"
+            "       description\n")
+
+    # doctree
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        [glossary, definition_list, ([definition_list_item, ([term, ("term1",
+                                                                     index)],
+                                                             [term, ("TERM2",
+                                                                     index)],
+                                                             definition)],
+                                     [definition_list_item, ([term, ("term3",
+                                                                     index)],
+                                                             definition)],
+                                     [definition_list_item, ([term, ("term4",
+                                                                     index)],
+                                                             definition)])],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0][0][0][1],
+                entries=[("single", "term1", "term-term1", "main", None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0][0][1][1],
+                entries=[("single", "TERM2", "term-TERM2", "main", None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0][0][2],
+                [definition, nodes.paragraph, "description"])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0][1][0][1],
+                entries=[("single", "term3", "term-term3", "main", "classifier")])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0][1][1],
+                [definition, nodes.paragraph, ("description\n"
+                                               "description")])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0][2][0][1],
+                entries=[("single", "term4", "term-term4", "main", "class1")])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0][2][1],
+                [nodes.definition, nodes.paragraph, "description"])
+
+    # index
+    domain = app.env.get_domain("std")
+    objects = list(domain.get_objects())
+    assert ("term1", "term1", "term", "index", "term-term1", -1) in objects
+    assert ("TERM2", "TERM2", "term", "index", "term-TERM2", -1) in objects
+    assert ("term3", "term3", "term", "index", "term-term3", -1) in objects
+    assert ("term4", "term4", "term", "index", "term-term4", -1) in objects
+
+    # term reference (case sensitive)
+    refnode = domain.resolve_xref(app.env, 'index', app.builder, 'term', 'term1',
+                                  pending_xref(), nodes.paragraph())
+    assert_node(refnode, nodes.reference, refid="term-term1")
+
+    # term reference (case insensitive)
+    refnode = domain.resolve_xref(app.env, 'index', app.builder, 'term', 'term2',
+                                  pending_xref(), nodes.paragraph())
+    assert_node(refnode, nodes.reference, refid="term-TERM2")
+
+
+def test_glossary_warning(app, status, warning):
+    # empty line between terms
+    text = (".. glossary::\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   term1\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   term2\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text, "case1")
+    assert ("case1.rst:4: WARNING: glossary terms must not be separated by empty lines"
+            in warning.getvalue())
+
+    # glossary starts with indented item
+    text = (".. glossary::\n"
+            "\n"
+            "       description\n"
+            "   term\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text, "case2")
+    assert ("case2.rst:3: WARNING: glossary term must be preceded by empty line"
+            in warning.getvalue())
+
+    # empty line between terms
+    text = (".. glossary::\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   term1\n"
+            "       description\n"
+            "   term2\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text, "case3")
+    assert ("case3.rst:4: WARNING: glossary term must be preceded by empty line"
+            in warning.getvalue())
+
+    # duplicated terms
+    text = (".. glossary::\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   term-case4\n"
+            "   term-case4\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text, "case4")
+    assert ("case4.rst:3: WARNING: duplicate term description of term-case4, "
+            "other instance in case4" in warning.getvalue())
+
+
+def test_glossary_comment(app):
+    text = (".. glossary::\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   term1\n"
+            "       description\n"
+            "   .. term2\n"
+            "       description\n"
+            "       description\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        [glossary, definition_list, definition_list_item, ([term, ("term1",
+                                                                   index)],
+                                                           definition)],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0][0][1],
+                [nodes.definition, nodes.paragraph, "description"])
+
+
+def test_glossary_comment2(app):
+    text = (".. glossary::\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   term1\n"
+            "       description\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   .. term2\n"
+            "   term3\n"
+            "       description\n"
+            "       description\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        [glossary, definition_list, ([definition_list_item, ([term, ("term1",
+                                                                     index)],
+                                                             definition)],
+                                     [definition_list_item, ([term, ("term3",
+                                                                     index)],
+                                                             definition)])],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0][0][1],
+                [nodes.definition, nodes.paragraph, "description"])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0][1][1],
+                [nodes.definition, nodes.paragraph, ("description\n"
+                                                     "description")])
+
+
+def test_glossary_sorted(app):
+    text = (".. glossary::\n"
+            "   :sorted:\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   term3\n"
+            "       description\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   term2\n"
+            "   term1\n"
+            "       description\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        [glossary, definition_list, ([definition_list_item, ([term, ("term2",
+                                                                     index)],
+                                                             [term, ("term1",
+                                                                     index)],
+                                                             definition)],
+                                     [definition_list_item, ([term, ("term3",
+                                                                     index)],
+                                                             definition)])],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0][0][2],
+                [nodes.definition, nodes.paragraph, "description"])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0][1][1],
+                [nodes.definition, nodes.paragraph, "description"])
+
+
+def test_glossary_alphanumeric(app):
+    text = (".. glossary::\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   1\n"
+            "   /\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    objects = list(app.env.get_domain("std").get_objects())
+    assert ("1", "1", "term", "index", "term-1", -1) in objects
+    assert ("/", "/", "term", "index", "term-0", -1) in objects
+
+
+def test_glossary_conflicted_labels(app):
+    text = (".. _term-foo:\n"
+            ".. glossary::\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   foo\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    objects = list(app.env.get_domain("std").get_objects())
+    assert ("foo", "foo", "term", "index", "term-0", -1) in objects
+
+
+def test_cmdoption(app):
+    text = (".. program:: ls\n"
+            "\n"
+            ".. option:: -l\n")
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('std')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "-l"],
+                                                    [desc_addname, ()])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('pair', 'ls command line option; -l', 'cmdoption-ls-l', '', None)])
+    assert ('ls', '-l') in domain.progoptions
+    assert domain.progoptions[('ls', '-l')] == ('index', 'cmdoption-ls-l')
+
+
+def test_cmdoption_for_None(app):
+    text = (".. program:: ls\n"
+            ".. program:: None\n"
+            "\n"
+            ".. option:: -l\n")
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('std')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "-l"],
+                                                    [desc_addname, ()])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('pair', 'command line option; -l', 'cmdoption-l', '', None)])
+    assert (None, '-l') in domain.progoptions
+    assert domain.progoptions[(None, '-l')] == ('index', 'cmdoption-l')
+
+
+def test_multiple_cmdoptions(app):
+    text = (".. program:: cmd\n"
+            "\n"
+            ".. option:: -o directory, --output directory\n")
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('std')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "-o"],
+                                                    [desc_addname, " directory"],
+                                                    [desc_addname, ", "],
+                                                    [desc_name, "--output"],
+                                                    [desc_addname, " directory"])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('pair', 'cmd command line option; -o', 'cmdoption-cmd-o', '', None),
+                         ('pair', 'cmd command line option; --output', 'cmdoption-cmd-o', '', None)])
+    assert ('cmd', '-o') in domain.progoptions
+    assert ('cmd', '--output') in domain.progoptions
+    assert domain.progoptions[('cmd', '-o')] == ('index', 'cmdoption-cmd-o')
+    assert domain.progoptions[('cmd', '--output')] == ('index', 'cmdoption-cmd-o')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='productionlist')
+def test_productionlist(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    warnings = warning.getvalue().split("\n")
+    assert len(warnings) == 2
+    assert warnings[-1] == ''
+    assert "Dup2.rst:4: WARNING: duplicate token description of Dup, other instance in Dup1" in warnings[0]
+
+    etree = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'index.html')
+    nodes = list(etree.iter('ul'))
+    assert len(nodes) >= 2
+
+    ul = nodes[1]
+    cases = []
+    for li in list(ul):
+        assert len(list(li)) == 1
+        p = list(li)[0]
+        assert p.tag == 'p'
+        text = str(p.text).strip(' :')
+        assert len(list(p)) == 1
+        a = list(p)[0]
+        assert a.tag == 'a'
+        link = a.get('href')
+        assert len(list(a)) == 1
+        code = list(a)[0]
+        assert code.tag == 'code'
+        assert len(list(code)) == 1
+        span = list(code)[0]
+        assert span.tag == 'span'
+        linkText = span.text.strip()
+        cases.append((text, link, linkText))
+    assert cases == [
+        ('A', 'Bare.html#grammar-token-A', 'A'),
+        ('B', 'Bare.html#grammar-token-B', 'B'),
+        ('P1:A', 'P1.html#grammar-token-P1-A', 'P1:A'),
+        ('P1:B', 'P1.html#grammar-token-P1-B', 'P1:B'),
+        ('P2:A', 'P1.html#grammar-token-P1-A', 'P1:A'),
+        ('P2:B', 'P2.html#grammar-token-P2-B', 'P2:B'),
+        ('Explicit title A, plain', 'Bare.html#grammar-token-A', 'MyTitle'),
+        ('Explicit title A, colon', 'Bare.html#grammar-token-A', 'My:Title'),
+        ('Explicit title P1:A, plain', 'P1.html#grammar-token-P1-A', 'MyTitle'),
+        ('Explicit title P1:A, colon', 'P1.html#grammar-token-P1-A', 'My:Title'),
+        ('Tilde A', 'Bare.html#grammar-token-A', 'A'),
+        ('Tilde P1:A', 'P1.html#grammar-token-P1-A', 'A'),
+        ('Tilde explicit title P1:A', 'P1.html#grammar-token-P1-A', '~MyTitle'),
+        ('Tilde, explicit title P1:A', 'P1.html#grammar-token-P1-A', 'MyTitle'),
+        ('Dup', 'Dup2.html#grammar-token-Dup', 'Dup'),
+        ('FirstLine', 'firstLineRule.html#grammar-token-FirstLine', 'FirstLine'),
+        ('SecondLine', 'firstLineRule.html#grammar-token-SecondLine', 'SecondLine'),
+    ]
+
+    text = (app.outdir / 'LineContinuation.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert "A</strong> ::=  B C D    E F G" in text
+
+
+def test_productionlist2(app):
+    text = (".. productionlist:: P2\n"
+            "   A: `:A` `A`\n"
+            "   B: `P1:B` `~P1:B`\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    refnodes = list(doctree.findall(pending_xref))
+    assert_node(refnodes[0], pending_xref, reftarget="A")
+    assert_node(refnodes[1], pending_xref, reftarget="P2:A")
+    assert_node(refnodes[2], pending_xref, reftarget="P1:B")
+    assert_node(refnodes[3], pending_xref, reftarget="P1:B")
+    assert_node(refnodes[0], [pending_xref, nodes.literal, "A"])
+    assert_node(refnodes[1], [pending_xref, nodes.literal, "A"])
+    assert_node(refnodes[2], [pending_xref, nodes.literal, "P1:B"])
+    assert_node(refnodes[3], [pending_xref, nodes.literal, "B"])
+
+
+def test_disabled_docref(app):
+    text = (":doc:`index`\n"
+            ":doc:`!index`\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, ([nodes.paragraph, ([pending_xref, nodes.inline, "index"],
+                                             "\n",
+                                             [nodes.inline, "index"])],))
+
+
+def test_labeled_rubric(app):
+    text = (".. _label:\n"
+            ".. rubric:: blah *blah* blah\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+
+    domain = app.env.get_domain("std")
+    assert 'label' in domain.labels
+    assert domain.labels['label'] == ('index', 'label', 'blah blah blah')
+
+
+def test_labeled_definition(app):
+    text = (".. _label1:\n"
+            "\n"
+            "Foo blah *blah* blah\n"
+            "  Definition\n"
+            "\n"
+            ".. _label2:\n"
+            "\n"
+            "Bar blah *blah* blah\n"
+            "  Definition\n"
+            "\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+
+    domain = app.env.get_domain("std")
+    assert 'label1' in domain.labels
+    assert domain.labels['label1'] == ('index', 'label1', 'Foo blah blah blah')
+    assert 'label2' in domain.labels
+    assert domain.labels['label2'] == ('index', 'label2', 'Bar blah blah blah')
+
+
+def test_labeled_field(app):
+    text = (".. _label1:\n"
+            "\n"
+            ":Foo blah *blah* blah:\n"
+            "  Definition\n"
+            "\n"
+            ".. _label2:\n"
+            "\n"
+            ":Bar blah *blah* blah:\n"
+            "  Definition\n"
+            "\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+
+    domain = app.env.get_domain("std")
+    assert 'label1' in domain.labels
+    assert domain.labels['label1'] == ('index', 'label1', 'Foo blah blah blah')
+    assert 'label2' in domain.labels
+    assert domain.labels['label2'] == ('index', 'label2', 'Bar blah blah blah')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='manpage_url',
+                    confoverrides={'manpages_url': 'https://example.com/{page}.{section}'})
+def test_html_manpage(app):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<em class="manpage">'
+            '<a class="manpage reference external" href="https://example.com/man.1">man(1)</a>'
+            '</em>') in content
+    assert ('<em class="manpage">'
+            '<a class="manpage reference external" href="https://example.com/ls.1">ls.1</a>'
+            '</em>') in content
+    assert ('<em class="manpage">'
+            '<a class="manpage reference external" href="https://example.com/sphinx.">sphinx</a>'
+            '</em>') in content
+    assert ('<em class="manpage">'
+            '<a class="manpage reference external" href="https://example.com/bsd-mailx/mailx.1">mailx(1)</a>'
+            '</em>') in content
+    assert '<em class="manpage">man(1)</em>' in content
diff --git a/tests/test_environment.py b/tests/test_environment.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 8a34457..0000000
--- a/tests/test_environment.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,145 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the BuildEnvironment class."""
-import os
-import shutil
-from pathlib import Path
-
-import pytest
-
-from sphinx.builders.html import StandaloneHTMLBuilder
-from sphinx.builders.latex import LaTeXBuilder
-from sphinx.environment import CONFIG_CHANGED, CONFIG_EXTENSIONS_CHANGED, CONFIG_NEW, CONFIG_OK
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='basic')
-def test_config_status(make_app, app_params):
-    args, kwargs = app_params
-
-    # clean build
-    app1 = make_app(*args, freshenv=True, **kwargs)
-    assert app1.env.config_status == CONFIG_NEW
-    app1.build()
-    assert '[new config] 1 added' in app1._status.getvalue()
-
-    # incremental build (no config changed)
-    app2 = make_app(*args, **kwargs)
-    assert app2.env.config_status == CONFIG_OK
-    app2.build()
-    assert "0 added, 0 changed, 0 removed" in app2._status.getvalue()
-
-    # incremental build (config entry changed)
-    app3 = make_app(*args, confoverrides={'root_doc': 'indexx'}, **kwargs)
-    fname = os.path.join(app3.srcdir, 'index.rst')
-    assert os.path.isfile(fname)
-    shutil.move(fname, fname[:-4] + 'x.rst')
-    assert app3.env.config_status == CONFIG_CHANGED
-    app3.build()
-    shutil.move(fname[:-4] + 'x.rst', fname)
-    assert "[config changed ('root_doc')] 1 added" in app3._status.getvalue()
-
-    # incremental build (extension changed)
-    app4 = make_app(*args, confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.autodoc']}, **kwargs)
-    assert app4.env.config_status == CONFIG_EXTENSIONS_CHANGED
-    app4.build()
-    want_str = "[extensions changed ('sphinx.ext.autodoc')] 1 added"
-    assert want_str in app4._status.getvalue()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy')
-def test_images(app):
-    app.build()
-
-    tree = app.env.get_doctree('images')
-    htmlbuilder = StandaloneHTMLBuilder(app, app.env)
-    htmlbuilder.init()
-    htmlbuilder.imgpath = 'dummy'
-    htmlbuilder.post_process_images(tree)
-    assert set(htmlbuilder.images.keys()) == \
-        {'subdir/img.png', 'img.png', 'subdir/simg.png', 'svgimg.svg', 'img.foo.png'}
-    assert set(htmlbuilder.images.values()) == \
-        {'img.png', 'img1.png', 'simg.png', 'svgimg.svg', 'img.foo.png'}
-
-    latexbuilder = LaTeXBuilder(app, app.env)
-    latexbuilder.init()
-    latexbuilder.post_process_images(tree)
-    assert set(latexbuilder.images.keys()) == \
-        {'subdir/img.png', 'subdir/simg.png', 'img.png', 'img.pdf',
-         'svgimg.pdf', 'img.foo.png'}
-    assert set(latexbuilder.images.values()) == \
-        {'img.pdf', 'img.png', 'img1.png', 'simg.png',
-         'svgimg.pdf', 'img.foo.png'}
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy')
-def test_object_inventory(app):
-    app.build()
-    refs = app.env.domaindata['py']['objects']
-
-    assert 'func_without_module' in refs
-    assert refs['func_without_module'] == ('objects', 'func_without_module', 'function', False)
-    assert 'func_without_module2' in refs
-    assert 'mod.func_in_module' in refs
-    assert 'mod.Cls' in refs
-    assert 'mod.Cls.meth1' in refs
-    assert 'mod.Cls.meth2' in refs
-    assert 'mod.Cls.meths' in refs
-
-    assert 'mod.Error' not in refs
-    assert 'errmod.Error' in refs
-
-    assert 'func_in_module' not in refs
-    assert 'func_noindex' not in refs
-
-    assert app.env.domaindata['py']['modules']['mod'] == \
-        ('objects', 'module-mod', 'Module synopsis.', 'UNIX', False)
-
-    assert app.env.domains['py'].data is app.env.domaindata['py']
-    assert app.env.domains['c'].data is app.env.domaindata['c']
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='basic')
-def test_env_relfn2path(app):
-    # relative filename and root document
-    relfn, absfn = app.env.relfn2path('logo.jpg', 'index')
-    assert relfn == 'logo.jpg'
-    assert absfn == str(app.srcdir / 'logo.jpg')
-
-    # absolute filename and root document
-    relfn, absfn = app.env.relfn2path('/logo.jpg', 'index')
-    assert relfn == 'logo.jpg'
-    assert absfn == str(app.srcdir / 'logo.jpg')
-
-    # relative filename and a document in subdir
-    relfn, absfn = app.env.relfn2path('logo.jpg', 'subdir/index')
-    assert Path(relfn) == Path('subdir/logo.jpg')
-    assert absfn == str(app.srcdir / 'subdir' / 'logo.jpg')
-
-    # absolute filename and a document in subdir
-    relfn, absfn = app.env.relfn2path('/logo.jpg', 'subdir/index')
-    assert relfn == 'logo.jpg'
-    assert absfn == str(app.srcdir / 'logo.jpg')
-
-    # relative filename having subdir
-    relfn, absfn = app.env.relfn2path('images/logo.jpg', 'index')
-    assert relfn == 'images/logo.jpg'
-    assert absfn == str(app.srcdir / 'images' / 'logo.jpg')
-
-    # relative path traversal
-    relfn, absfn = app.env.relfn2path('../logo.jpg', 'index')
-    assert relfn == '../logo.jpg'
-    assert absfn == str(app.srcdir.parent / 'logo.jpg')
-
-    # relative path traversal
-    relfn, absfn = app.env.relfn2path('subdir/../logo.jpg', 'index')
-    assert relfn == 'logo.jpg'
-    assert absfn == str(app.srcdir / 'logo.jpg')
-
-    # omit docname (w/ current docname)
-    app.env.temp_data['docname'] = 'subdir/document'
-    relfn, absfn = app.env.relfn2path('images/logo.jpg')
-    assert Path(relfn) == Path('subdir/images/logo.jpg')
-    assert absfn == str(app.srcdir / 'subdir' / 'images' / 'logo.jpg')
-
-    # omit docname (w/o current docname)
-    app.env.temp_data.clear()
-    with pytest.raises(KeyError):
-        app.env.relfn2path('images/logo.jpg')
diff --git a/tests/test_environment/__init__.py b/tests/test_environment/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/tests/test_environment/test_environment.py b/tests/test_environment/test_environment.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a34457
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_environment/test_environment.py
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+"""Test the BuildEnvironment class."""
+import os
+import shutil
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.builders.html import StandaloneHTMLBuilder
+from sphinx.builders.latex import LaTeXBuilder
+from sphinx.environment import CONFIG_CHANGED, CONFIG_EXTENSIONS_CHANGED, CONFIG_NEW, CONFIG_OK
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='basic')
+def test_config_status(make_app, app_params):
+    args, kwargs = app_params
+
+    # clean build
+    app1 = make_app(*args, freshenv=True, **kwargs)
+    assert app1.env.config_status == CONFIG_NEW
+    app1.build()
+    assert '[new config] 1 added' in app1._status.getvalue()
+
+    # incremental build (no config changed)
+    app2 = make_app(*args, **kwargs)
+    assert app2.env.config_status == CONFIG_OK
+    app2.build()
+    assert "0 added, 0 changed, 0 removed" in app2._status.getvalue()
+
+    # incremental build (config entry changed)
+    app3 = make_app(*args, confoverrides={'root_doc': 'indexx'}, **kwargs)
+    fname = os.path.join(app3.srcdir, 'index.rst')
+    assert os.path.isfile(fname)
+    shutil.move(fname, fname[:-4] + 'x.rst')
+    assert app3.env.config_status == CONFIG_CHANGED
+    app3.build()
+    shutil.move(fname[:-4] + 'x.rst', fname)
+    assert "[config changed ('root_doc')] 1 added" in app3._status.getvalue()
+
+    # incremental build (extension changed)
+    app4 = make_app(*args, confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.autodoc']}, **kwargs)
+    assert app4.env.config_status == CONFIG_EXTENSIONS_CHANGED
+    app4.build()
+    want_str = "[extensions changed ('sphinx.ext.autodoc')] 1 added"
+    assert want_str in app4._status.getvalue()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy')
+def test_images(app):
+    app.build()
+
+    tree = app.env.get_doctree('images')
+    htmlbuilder = StandaloneHTMLBuilder(app, app.env)
+    htmlbuilder.init()
+    htmlbuilder.imgpath = 'dummy'
+    htmlbuilder.post_process_images(tree)
+    assert set(htmlbuilder.images.keys()) == \
+        {'subdir/img.png', 'img.png', 'subdir/simg.png', 'svgimg.svg', 'img.foo.png'}
+    assert set(htmlbuilder.images.values()) == \
+        {'img.png', 'img1.png', 'simg.png', 'svgimg.svg', 'img.foo.png'}
+
+    latexbuilder = LaTeXBuilder(app, app.env)
+    latexbuilder.init()
+    latexbuilder.post_process_images(tree)
+    assert set(latexbuilder.images.keys()) == \
+        {'subdir/img.png', 'subdir/simg.png', 'img.png', 'img.pdf',
+         'svgimg.pdf', 'img.foo.png'}
+    assert set(latexbuilder.images.values()) == \
+        {'img.pdf', 'img.png', 'img1.png', 'simg.png',
+         'svgimg.pdf', 'img.foo.png'}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy')
+def test_object_inventory(app):
+    app.build()
+    refs = app.env.domaindata['py']['objects']
+
+    assert 'func_without_module' in refs
+    assert refs['func_without_module'] == ('objects', 'func_without_module', 'function', False)
+    assert 'func_without_module2' in refs
+    assert 'mod.func_in_module' in refs
+    assert 'mod.Cls' in refs
+    assert 'mod.Cls.meth1' in refs
+    assert 'mod.Cls.meth2' in refs
+    assert 'mod.Cls.meths' in refs
+
+    assert 'mod.Error' not in refs
+    assert 'errmod.Error' in refs
+
+    assert 'func_in_module' not in refs
+    assert 'func_noindex' not in refs
+
+    assert app.env.domaindata['py']['modules']['mod'] == \
+        ('objects', 'module-mod', 'Module synopsis.', 'UNIX', False)
+
+    assert app.env.domains['py'].data is app.env.domaindata['py']
+    assert app.env.domains['c'].data is app.env.domaindata['c']
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='basic')
+def test_env_relfn2path(app):
+    # relative filename and root document
+    relfn, absfn = app.env.relfn2path('logo.jpg', 'index')
+    assert relfn == 'logo.jpg'
+    assert absfn == str(app.srcdir / 'logo.jpg')
+
+    # absolute filename and root document
+    relfn, absfn = app.env.relfn2path('/logo.jpg', 'index')
+    assert relfn == 'logo.jpg'
+    assert absfn == str(app.srcdir / 'logo.jpg')
+
+    # relative filename and a document in subdir
+    relfn, absfn = app.env.relfn2path('logo.jpg', 'subdir/index')
+    assert Path(relfn) == Path('subdir/logo.jpg')
+    assert absfn == str(app.srcdir / 'subdir' / 'logo.jpg')
+
+    # absolute filename and a document in subdir
+    relfn, absfn = app.env.relfn2path('/logo.jpg', 'subdir/index')
+    assert relfn == 'logo.jpg'
+    assert absfn == str(app.srcdir / 'logo.jpg')
+
+    # relative filename having subdir
+    relfn, absfn = app.env.relfn2path('images/logo.jpg', 'index')
+    assert relfn == 'images/logo.jpg'
+    assert absfn == str(app.srcdir / 'images' / 'logo.jpg')
+
+    # relative path traversal
+    relfn, absfn = app.env.relfn2path('../logo.jpg', 'index')
+    assert relfn == '../logo.jpg'
+    assert absfn == str(app.srcdir.parent / 'logo.jpg')
+
+    # relative path traversal
+    relfn, absfn = app.env.relfn2path('subdir/../logo.jpg', 'index')
+    assert relfn == 'logo.jpg'
+    assert absfn == str(app.srcdir / 'logo.jpg')
+
+    # omit docname (w/ current docname)
+    app.env.temp_data['docname'] = 'subdir/document'
+    relfn, absfn = app.env.relfn2path('images/logo.jpg')
+    assert Path(relfn) == Path('subdir/images/logo.jpg')
+    assert absfn == str(app.srcdir / 'subdir' / 'images' / 'logo.jpg')
+
+    # omit docname (w/o current docname)
+    app.env.temp_data.clear()
+    with pytest.raises(KeyError):
+        app.env.relfn2path('images/logo.jpg')
diff --git a/tests/test_environment/test_environment_indexentries.py b/tests/test_environment/test_environment_indexentries.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4cfdc28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_environment/test_environment_indexentries.py
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+"""Test the sphinx.environment.adapters.indexentries."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.environment.adapters.indexentries import IndexEntries
+from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', freshenv=True)
+def test_create_single_index(app):
+    text = (".. index:: docutils\n"
+            ".. index:: Python\n"
+            ".. index:: pip; install\n"
+            ".. index:: pip; upgrade\n"
+            ".. index:: Sphinx\n"
+            ".. index:: Ель\n"
+            ".. index:: ёлка\n"
+            ".. index:: \N{RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK}\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea\N{LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK}\n"
+            ".. index:: 9-symbol\n"
+            ".. index:: &-symbol\n"
+            ".. index:: £100\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    index = IndexEntries(app.env).create_index(app.builder)
+    assert len(index) == 6
+    assert index[0] == ('Symbols', [('&-symbol', [[('', '#index-9')], [], None]),
+                                    ('9-symbol', [[('', '#index-8')], [], None]),
+                                    ('£100', [[('', '#index-10')], [], None])])
+    assert index[1] == ('D', [('docutils', [[('', '#index-0')], [], None])])
+    assert index[2] == ('P', [('pip', [[], [('install', [('', '#index-2')]),
+                                            ('upgrade', [('', '#index-3')])], None]),
+                              ('Python', [[('', '#index-1')], [], None])])
+    assert index[3] == ('S', [('Sphinx', [[('', '#index-4')], [], None])])
+    assert index[4] == ('Е',
+                        [('ёлка', [[('', '#index-6')], [], None]),
+                         ('Ель', [[('', '#index-5')], [], None])])
+    # Here the word starts with U+200F RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK, which should be
+    # ignored when getting the first letter.
+    assert index[5] == ('\u05e2', [(
+        '\N{RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK}\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea\N{LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK}',
+        [[('', '#index-7')], [], None],
+    )])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', freshenv=True)
+def test_create_pair_index(app):
+    text = (".. index:: pair: docutils; reStructuredText\n"
+            ".. index:: pair: Python; interpreter\n"
+            ".. index:: pair: Sphinx; documentation tool\n"
+            ".. index:: pair: Sphinx; :+1:\n"
+            ".. index:: pair: Sphinx; Ель\n"
+            ".. index:: pair: Sphinx; ёлка\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    index = IndexEntries(app.env).create_index(app.builder)
+    assert len(index) == 7
+    assert index[0] == ('Symbols', [(':+1:', [[], [('Sphinx', [('', '#index-3')])], None])])
+    assert index[1] == ('D',
+                        [('documentation tool', [[], [('Sphinx', [('', '#index-2')])], None]),
+                         ('docutils', [[], [('reStructuredText', [('', '#index-0')])], None])])
+    assert index[2] == ('I', [('interpreter', [[], [('Python', [('', '#index-1')])], None])])
+    assert index[3] == ('P', [('Python', [[], [('interpreter', [('', '#index-1')])], None])])
+    assert index[4] == ('R',
+                        [('reStructuredText', [[], [('docutils', [('', '#index-0')])], None])])
+    assert index[5] == ('S',
+                        [('Sphinx', [[],
+                                     [(':+1:', [('', '#index-3')]),
+                                      ('documentation tool', [('', '#index-2')]),
+                                      ('ёлка', [('', '#index-5')]),
+                                      ('Ель', [('', '#index-4')])],
+                                     None])])
+    assert index[6] == ('Е',
+                        [('ёлка', [[], [('Sphinx', [('', '#index-5')])], None]),
+                         ('Ель', [[], [('Sphinx', [('', '#index-4')])], None])])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', freshenv=True)
+def test_create_triple_index(app):
+    text = (".. index:: triple: foo; bar; baz\n"
+            ".. index:: triple: Python; Sphinx; reST\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    index = IndexEntries(app.env).create_index(app.builder)
+    assert len(index) == 5
+    assert index[0] == ('B', [('bar', [[], [('baz, foo', [('', '#index-0')])], None]),
+                              ('baz', [[], [('foo bar', [('', '#index-0')])], None])])
+    assert index[1] == ('F', [('foo', [[], [('bar baz', [('', '#index-0')])], None])])
+    assert index[2] == ('P', [('Python', [[], [('Sphinx reST', [('', '#index-1')])], None])])
+    assert index[3] == ('R', [('reST', [[], [('Python Sphinx', [('', '#index-1')])], None])])
+    assert index[4] == ('S', [('Sphinx', [[], [('reST, Python', [('', '#index-1')])], None])])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', freshenv=True)
+def test_create_see_index(app):
+    text = (".. index:: see: docutils; reStructuredText\n"
+            ".. index:: see: Python; interpreter\n"
+            ".. index:: see: Sphinx; documentation tool\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    index = IndexEntries(app.env).create_index(app.builder)
+    assert len(index) == 3
+    assert index[0] == ('D', [('docutils', [[], [('see reStructuredText', [])], None])])
+    assert index[1] == ('P', [('Python', [[], [('see interpreter', [])], None])])
+    assert index[2] == ('S', [('Sphinx', [[], [('see documentation tool', [])], None])])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', freshenv=True)
+def test_create_seealso_index(app):
+    text = (".. index:: seealso: docutils; reStructuredText\n"
+            ".. index:: seealso: Python; interpreter\n"
+            ".. index:: seealso: Sphinx; documentation tool\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    index = IndexEntries(app.env).create_index(app.builder)
+    assert len(index) == 3
+    assert index[0] == ('D', [('docutils', [[], [('see also reStructuredText', [])], None])])
+    assert index[1] == ('P', [('Python', [[], [('see also interpreter', [])], None])])
+    assert index[2] == ('S', [('Sphinx', [[], [('see also documentation tool', [])], None])])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', freshenv=True)
+def test_create_main_index(app):
+    text = (".. index:: !docutils\n"
+            ".. index:: docutils\n"
+            ".. index:: pip; install\n"
+            ".. index:: !pip; install\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    index = IndexEntries(app.env).create_index(app.builder)
+    assert len(index) == 2
+    assert index[0] == ('D', [('docutils', [[('main', '#index-0'),
+                                             ('', '#index-1')], [], None])])
+    assert index[1] == ('P', [('pip', [[], [('install', [('main', '#index-3'),
+                                                         ('', '#index-2')])], None])])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', freshenv=True)
+def test_create_index_with_name(app):
+    text = (".. index:: single: docutils\n"
+            "   :name: ref1\n"
+            ".. index:: single: Python\n"
+            "   :name: ref2\n"
+            ".. index:: Sphinx\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    index = IndexEntries(app.env).create_index(app.builder)
+
+    # check index is created correctly
+    assert len(index) == 3
+    assert index[0] == ('D', [('docutils', [[('', '#ref1')], [], None])])
+    assert index[1] == ('P', [('Python', [[('', '#ref2')], [], None])])
+    assert index[2] == ('S', [('Sphinx', [[('', '#index-0')], [], None])])
+
+    # check the reference labels are created correctly
+    std = app.env.get_domain('std')
+    assert std.anonlabels['ref1'] == ('index', 'ref1')
+    assert std.anonlabels['ref2'] == ('index', 'ref2')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', freshenv=True)
+def test_create_index_by_key(app):
+    # At present, only glossary directive is able to create index key
+    text = (".. glossary::\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   docutils\n"
+            "   Python\n"
+            "   スフィンクス : ス\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    index = IndexEntries(app.env).create_index(app.builder)
+    assert len(index) == 3
+    assert index[0] == ('D', [('docutils', [[('main', '#term-docutils')], [], None])])
+    assert index[1] == ('P', [('Python', [[('main', '#term-Python')], [], None])])
+    assert index[2] == ('ス', [('スフィンクス', [[('main', '#term-0')], [], 'ス'])])
diff --git a/tests/test_environment/test_environment_record_dependencies.py b/tests/test_environment/test_environment_record_dependencies.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a17253
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_environment/test_environment_record_dependencies.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+"""Tests for ``record_dependencies``."""
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='environment-record-dependencies')
+def test_record_dependencies_cleared(app):
+    app.builder.read()
+    assert app.env.dependencies['index'] == set()
+    assert app.env.dependencies['api'] == {'example_module.py'}
diff --git a/tests/test_environment/test_environment_toctree.py b/tests/test_environment/test_environment_toctree.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..175c6ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_environment/test_environment_toctree.py
@@ -0,0 +1,396 @@
+"""Test the sphinx.environment.adapters.toctree."""
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+from docutils.nodes import bullet_list, list_item, literal, reference, title
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.addnodes import compact_paragraph, only
+from sphinx.builders.html import StandaloneHTMLBuilder
+from sphinx.environment.adapters.toctree import document_toc, global_toctree_for_doc
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='toctree')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_environment_toctree_basic')
+def test_process_doc(app):
+    app.build()
+    # tocs
+    toctree = app.env.tocs['index']
+    assert_node(toctree,
+                [bullet_list, ([list_item, (compact_paragraph,  # [0][0]
+                                            [bullet_list, (addnodes.toctree,  # [0][1][0]
+                                                           only,  # [0][1][1]
+                                                           list_item)])],  # [0][1][2]
+                               [list_item, (compact_paragraph,  # [1][0]
+                                            [bullet_list, (addnodes.toctree,  # [1][1][0]
+                                                           addnodes.toctree)])],  # [1][1][1]
+                               list_item)])
+
+    assert_node(toctree[0][0],
+                [compact_paragraph, reference, "Welcome to Sphinx Tests’s documentation!"])
+    assert_node(toctree[0][0][0], reference, anchorname='')
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1][0], addnodes.toctree,
+                caption="Table of Contents", glob=False, hidden=False,
+                titlesonly=False, maxdepth=2, numbered=999,
+                entries=[(None, 'foo'), (None, 'bar'), (None, 'https://sphinx-doc.org/'),
+                         (None, 'self')],
+                includefiles=['foo', 'bar'])
+
+    # only branch
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1][1], addnodes.only, expr="html")
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1][1],
+                [only, list_item, ([compact_paragraph, reference, "Section for HTML"],
+                                   [bullet_list, addnodes.toctree])])
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1][1][0][0][0], reference, anchorname='#section-for-html')
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1][1][0][1][0], addnodes.toctree,
+                caption=None, glob=False, hidden=False, entries=[(None, 'baz')],
+                includefiles=['baz'], titlesonly=False, maxdepth=-1, numbered=0)
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1][2],
+                ([compact_paragraph, reference, "subsection"],
+                 [bullet_list, list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "subsubsection"]))
+
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0],
+                [compact_paragraph, reference, "Test for issue #1157"])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][0], reference, anchorname='#test-for-issue-1157')
+    assert_node(toctree[1][1][0], addnodes.toctree,
+                caption=None, entries=[], glob=False, hidden=False,
+                titlesonly=False, maxdepth=-1, numbered=0)
+    assert_node(toctree[1][1][1], addnodes.toctree,
+                caption=None, glob=False, hidden=True,
+                titlesonly=False, maxdepth=-1, numbered=0,
+                entries=[('Latest reference', 'https://sphinx-doc.org/latest/'),
+                         ('Python', 'https://python.org/')])
+
+    assert_node(toctree[2][0],
+                [compact_paragraph, reference, "Indices and tables"])
+
+    # other collections
+    assert app.env.toc_num_entries['index'] == 6
+    assert app.env.toctree_includes['index'] == ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
+    assert app.env.files_to_rebuild['foo'] == {'index'}
+    assert app.env.files_to_rebuild['bar'] == {'index'}
+    assert app.env.files_to_rebuild['baz'] == {'index'}
+    assert app.env.glob_toctrees == set()
+    assert app.env.numbered_toctrees == {'index'}
+
+    # qux has no section title
+    assert len(app.env.tocs['qux']) == 0
+    assert_node(app.env.tocs['qux'], nodes.bullet_list)
+    assert app.env.toc_num_entries['qux'] == 0
+    assert 'qux' not in app.env.toctree_includes
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='toctree-glob')
+def test_glob(app):
+    includefiles = ['foo', 'bar/index', 'bar/bar_1', 'bar/bar_2',
+                    'bar/bar_3', 'baz', 'qux/index']
+
+    app.build()
+
+    # tocs
+    toctree = app.env.tocs['index']
+    assert_node(toctree,
+                [bullet_list, list_item, (compact_paragraph,  # [0][0]
+                                          [bullet_list, (list_item,  # [0][1][0]
+                                                         list_item)])])  # [0][1][1]
+
+    assert_node(toctree[0][0],
+                [compact_paragraph, reference, "test-toctree-glob"])
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1][0],
+                [list_item, ([compact_paragraph, reference, "normal order"],
+                             [bullet_list, addnodes.toctree])])  # [0][1][0][1][0]
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1][0][1][0], addnodes.toctree, caption=None,
+                glob=True, hidden=False, titlesonly=False,
+                maxdepth=-1, numbered=0, includefiles=includefiles,
+                entries=[(None, 'foo'), (None, 'bar/index'), (None, 'bar/bar_1'),
+                         (None, 'bar/bar_2'), (None, 'bar/bar_3'), (None, 'baz'),
+                         (None, 'qux/index'),
+                         ('hyperref', 'https://sphinx-doc.org/?q=sphinx')])
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1][1],
+                [list_item, ([compact_paragraph, reference, "reversed order"],
+                             [bullet_list, addnodes.toctree])])  # [0][1][1][1][0]
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1][1][1][0], addnodes.toctree, caption=None,
+                glob=True, hidden=False, titlesonly=False,
+                maxdepth=-1, numbered=0, includefiles=list(reversed(includefiles)),
+                entries=[(None, 'qux/index'), (None, 'baz'), (None, 'bar/bar_3'),
+                         (None, 'bar/bar_2'), (None, 'bar/bar_1'), (None, 'bar/index'),
+                         (None, 'foo')])
+
+    # other collections
+    assert app.env.toc_num_entries['index'] == 3
+    assert app.env.toctree_includes['index'] == includefiles + list(reversed(includefiles))
+    for file in includefiles:
+        assert 'index' in app.env.files_to_rebuild[file]
+    assert 'index' in app.env.glob_toctrees
+    assert app.env.numbered_toctrees == set()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='toctree-domain-objects')
+def test_domain_objects(app):
+    app.build()
+
+    assert app.env.toc_num_entries['index'] == 0
+    assert app.env.toc_num_entries['domains'] == 9
+    assert app.env.toctree_includes['index'] == ['domains']
+    assert 'index' in app.env.files_to_rebuild['domains']
+    assert app.env.glob_toctrees == set()
+    assert app.env.numbered_toctrees == {'index'}
+
+    # tocs
+    toctree = app.env.tocs['domains']
+    assert_node(toctree,
+                [bullet_list, list_item, (compact_paragraph,  # [0][0]
+                                          [bullet_list, (list_item,  # [0][1][0]
+                                                         [list_item,  # [0][1][1]
+                                                          (compact_paragraph,  # [0][1][1][0]
+                                                           [bullet_list, (list_item,  # [0][1][1][1][0]
+                                                                          list_item,
+                                                                          list_item,
+                                                                          list_item)])],  # [0][1][1][1][3]
+                                                         list_item,
+                                                         list_item)])])  # [0][1][1]
+
+    assert_node(toctree[0][0],
+                [compact_paragraph, reference, "test-domain-objects"])
+
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1][0],
+                [list_item, ([compact_paragraph, reference, literal, "world()"])])
+
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1][1][1][3],
+                [list_item, ([compact_paragraph, reference, literal, "HelloWorldPrinter.print()"])])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='toctree')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_environment_toctree_basic')
+def test_document_toc(app):
+    app.build()
+    toctree = document_toc(app.env, 'index', app.builder.tags)
+
+    assert_node(toctree,
+                [bullet_list, ([list_item, (compact_paragraph,  # [0][0]
+                                            [bullet_list, (addnodes.toctree,  # [0][1][0]
+                                                           list_item)])],  # [0][1][1]
+                               [list_item, (compact_paragraph,  # [1][0]
+                                            [bullet_list, (addnodes.toctree,
+                                                           addnodes.toctree)])],
+                               [list_item, compact_paragraph])])  # [2][0]
+    assert_node(toctree[0][0],
+                [compact_paragraph, reference, "Welcome to Sphinx Tests’s documentation!"])
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1][1],
+                ([compact_paragraph, reference, "subsection"],
+                 [bullet_list, list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "subsubsection"]))
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0],
+                [compact_paragraph, reference, "Test for issue #1157"])
+    assert_node(toctree[2][0],
+                [compact_paragraph, reference, "Indices and tables"])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='toctree')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_environment_toctree_basic')
+def test_document_toc_only(app):
+    app.build()
+    builder = StandaloneHTMLBuilder(app, app.env)
+    toctree = document_toc(app.env, 'index', builder.tags)
+
+    assert_node(toctree,
+                [bullet_list, ([list_item, (compact_paragraph,  # [0][0]
+                                            [bullet_list, (addnodes.toctree,  # [0][1][0]
+                                                           list_item,  # [0][1][1]
+                                                           list_item)])],  # [0][1][2]
+                               [list_item, (compact_paragraph,  # [1][0]
+                                            [bullet_list, (addnodes.toctree,
+                                                           addnodes.toctree)])],
+                               [list_item, compact_paragraph])])  # [2][0]
+    assert_node(toctree[0][0],
+                [compact_paragraph, reference, "Welcome to Sphinx Tests’s documentation!"])
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1][1],
+                ([compact_paragraph, reference, "Section for HTML"],
+                 [bullet_list, addnodes.toctree]))
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1][2],
+                ([compact_paragraph, reference, "subsection"],
+                 [bullet_list, list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "subsubsection"]))
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0],
+                [compact_paragraph, reference, "Test for issue #1157"])
+    assert_node(toctree[2][0],
+                [compact_paragraph, reference, "Indices and tables"])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='toctree')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_environment_toctree_basic')
+def test_document_toc_tocdepth(app):
+    app.build()
+    toctree = document_toc(app.env, 'tocdepth', app.builder.tags)
+
+    assert_node(toctree,
+                [bullet_list, list_item, (compact_paragraph,  # [0][0]
+                                          bullet_list)])  # [0][1]
+    assert_node(toctree[0][0],
+                [compact_paragraph, reference, "level 1"])
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1],
+                [bullet_list, list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "level 2"])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='toctree')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_environment_toctree_basic')
+def test_global_toctree_for_doc(app):
+    app.build()
+    toctree = global_toctree_for_doc(app.env, 'index', app.builder, collapse=False)
+    assert_node(toctree,
+                [compact_paragraph, ([title, "Table of Contents"],
+                                     bullet_list,
+                                     bullet_list,
+                                     bullet_list)])
+
+    assert_node(toctree[1],
+                ([list_item, ([compact_paragraph, reference, "foo"],
+                              bullet_list)],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "bar"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "https://sphinx-doc.org/"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference,
+                  "Welcome to Sphinx Tests’s documentation!"]))
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1],
+                ([list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "quux"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "foo.1"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "foo.2"]))
+
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][0][0], reference, refuri="foo", secnumber=[1])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][0][0][0], reference, refuri="quux", secnumber=[1, 1])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][1][0][0], reference, refuri="foo#foo-1", secnumber=[1, 2])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][2][0][0], reference, refuri="foo#foo-2", secnumber=[1, 3])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][1][0][0], reference, refuri="bar", secnumber=[2])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][2][0][0], reference, refuri="https://sphinx-doc.org/")
+    assert_node(toctree[1][3][0][0], reference, refuri="")
+
+    assert_node(toctree[2],
+                [bullet_list, list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "baz"])
+    assert_node(toctree[3],
+                ([list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "Latest reference"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "Python"]))
+    assert_node(toctree[3][0][0][0], reference, refuri="https://sphinx-doc.org/latest/")
+    assert_node(toctree[3][1][0][0], reference, refuri="https://python.org/")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='toctree')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_environment_toctree_basic')
+def test_global_toctree_for_doc_collapse(app):
+    app.build()
+    toctree = global_toctree_for_doc(app.env, 'index', app.builder, collapse=True)
+    assert_node(toctree,
+                [compact_paragraph, ([title, "Table of Contents"],
+                                     bullet_list,
+                                     bullet_list,
+                                     bullet_list)])
+
+    assert_node(toctree[1],
+                ([list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "foo"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "bar"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "https://sphinx-doc.org/"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference,
+                  "Welcome to Sphinx Tests’s documentation!"]))
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][0][0], reference, refuri="foo", secnumber=[1])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][1][0][0], reference, refuri="bar", secnumber=[2])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][2][0][0], reference, refuri="https://sphinx-doc.org/")
+    assert_node(toctree[1][3][0][0], reference, refuri="")
+
+    assert_node(toctree[2],
+                [bullet_list, list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "baz"])
+    assert_node(toctree[3],
+                ([list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "Latest reference"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "Python"]))
+    assert_node(toctree[3][0][0][0], reference, refuri="https://sphinx-doc.org/latest/")
+    assert_node(toctree[3][1][0][0], reference, refuri="https://python.org/")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='toctree')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_environment_toctree_basic')
+def test_global_toctree_for_doc_maxdepth(app):
+    app.build()
+    toctree = global_toctree_for_doc(app.env, 'index', app.builder,
+                                     collapse=False, maxdepth=3)
+    assert_node(toctree,
+                [compact_paragraph, ([title, "Table of Contents"],
+                                     bullet_list,
+                                     bullet_list,
+                                     bullet_list)])
+
+    assert_node(toctree[1],
+                ([list_item, ([compact_paragraph, reference, "foo"],
+                              bullet_list)],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "bar"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "https://sphinx-doc.org/"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference,
+                  "Welcome to Sphinx Tests’s documentation!"]))
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1],
+                ([list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "quux"],
+                 [list_item, ([compact_paragraph, reference, "foo.1"],
+                              bullet_list)],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "foo.2"]))
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][1][1],
+                [bullet_list, list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "foo.1-1"])
+
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][0][0], reference, refuri="foo", secnumber=[1])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][0][0][0], reference, refuri="quux", secnumber=[1, 1])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][1][0][0], reference, refuri="foo#foo-1", secnumber=[1, 2])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][1][1][0][0][0],
+                reference, refuri="foo#foo-1-1", secnumber=[1, 2, 1])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][2][0][0], reference, refuri="foo#foo-2", secnumber=[1, 3])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][1][0][0], reference, refuri="bar", secnumber=[2])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][2][0][0], reference, refuri="https://sphinx-doc.org/")
+    assert_node(toctree[1][3][0][0], reference, refuri="")
+
+    assert_node(toctree[2],
+                [bullet_list, list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "baz"])
+    assert_node(toctree[3],
+                ([list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "Latest reference"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "Python"]))
+    assert_node(toctree[3][0][0][0], reference, refuri="https://sphinx-doc.org/latest/")
+    assert_node(toctree[3][1][0][0], reference, refuri="https://python.org/")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='toctree')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_environment_toctree_basic')
+def test_global_toctree_for_doc_includehidden(app):
+    app.build()
+    toctree = global_toctree_for_doc(app.env, 'index', app.builder,
+                                     collapse=False, includehidden=False)
+    assert_node(toctree,
+                [compact_paragraph, ([title, "Table of Contents"],
+                                     bullet_list,
+                                     bullet_list)])
+
+    assert_node(toctree[1],
+                ([list_item, ([compact_paragraph, reference, "foo"],
+                              bullet_list)],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "bar"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "https://sphinx-doc.org/"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference,
+                  "Welcome to Sphinx Tests’s documentation!"]))
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1],
+                ([list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "quux"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "foo.1"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "foo.2"]))
+
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][0][0], reference, refuri="foo", secnumber=[1])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][0][0][0], reference, refuri="quux", secnumber=[1, 1])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][1][0][0], reference, refuri="foo#foo-1", secnumber=[1, 2])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][2][0][0], reference, refuri="foo#foo-2", secnumber=[1, 3])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][1][0][0], reference, refuri="bar", secnumber=[2])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][2][0][0], reference, refuri="https://sphinx-doc.org/")
+
+    assert_node(toctree[2],
+                [bullet_list, list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "baz"])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='toctree-index')
+def test_toctree_index(app):
+    app.build()
+    toctree = app.env.tocs['index']
+    assert_node(toctree,
+                [bullet_list, ([list_item, (compact_paragraph,  # [0][0]
+                                            [bullet_list, (addnodes.toctree,  # [0][1][0]
+                                                           addnodes.toctree)])])])  # [0][1][1]
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1][1], addnodes.toctree,
+                caption="Indices", glob=False, hidden=False,
+                titlesonly=False, maxdepth=-1, numbered=0,
+                entries=[(None, 'genindex'), (None, 'modindex'), (None, 'search')])
diff --git a/tests/test_environment_indexentries.py b/tests/test_environment_indexentries.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 4cfdc28..0000000
--- a/tests/test_environment_indexentries.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,166 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the sphinx.environment.adapters.indexentries."""
-
-import pytest
-
-from sphinx.environment.adapters.indexentries import IndexEntries
-from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', freshenv=True)
-def test_create_single_index(app):
-    text = (".. index:: docutils\n"
-            ".. index:: Python\n"
-            ".. index:: pip; install\n"
-            ".. index:: pip; upgrade\n"
-            ".. index:: Sphinx\n"
-            ".. index:: Ель\n"
-            ".. index:: ёлка\n"
-            ".. index:: \N{RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK}\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea\N{LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK}\n"
-            ".. index:: 9-symbol\n"
-            ".. index:: &-symbol\n"
-            ".. index:: £100\n")
-    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    index = IndexEntries(app.env).create_index(app.builder)
-    assert len(index) == 6
-    assert index[0] == ('Symbols', [('&-symbol', [[('', '#index-9')], [], None]),
-                                    ('9-symbol', [[('', '#index-8')], [], None]),
-                                    ('£100', [[('', '#index-10')], [], None])])
-    assert index[1] == ('D', [('docutils', [[('', '#index-0')], [], None])])
-    assert index[2] == ('P', [('pip', [[], [('install', [('', '#index-2')]),
-                                            ('upgrade', [('', '#index-3')])], None]),
-                              ('Python', [[('', '#index-1')], [], None])])
-    assert index[3] == ('S', [('Sphinx', [[('', '#index-4')], [], None])])
-    assert index[4] == ('Е',
-                        [('ёлка', [[('', '#index-6')], [], None]),
-                         ('Ель', [[('', '#index-5')], [], None])])
-    # Here the word starts with U+200F RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK, which should be
-    # ignored when getting the first letter.
-    assert index[5] == ('\u05e2', [(
-        '\N{RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK}\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea\N{LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK}',
-        [[('', '#index-7')], [], None],
-    )])
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', freshenv=True)
-def test_create_pair_index(app):
-    text = (".. index:: pair: docutils; reStructuredText\n"
-            ".. index:: pair: Python; interpreter\n"
-            ".. index:: pair: Sphinx; documentation tool\n"
-            ".. index:: pair: Sphinx; :+1:\n"
-            ".. index:: pair: Sphinx; Ель\n"
-            ".. index:: pair: Sphinx; ёлка\n")
-    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    index = IndexEntries(app.env).create_index(app.builder)
-    assert len(index) == 7
-    assert index[0] == ('Symbols', [(':+1:', [[], [('Sphinx', [('', '#index-3')])], None])])
-    assert index[1] == ('D',
-                        [('documentation tool', [[], [('Sphinx', [('', '#index-2')])], None]),
-                         ('docutils', [[], [('reStructuredText', [('', '#index-0')])], None])])
-    assert index[2] == ('I', [('interpreter', [[], [('Python', [('', '#index-1')])], None])])
-    assert index[3] == ('P', [('Python', [[], [('interpreter', [('', '#index-1')])], None])])
-    assert index[4] == ('R',
-                        [('reStructuredText', [[], [('docutils', [('', '#index-0')])], None])])
-    assert index[5] == ('S',
-                        [('Sphinx', [[],
-                                     [(':+1:', [('', '#index-3')]),
-                                      ('documentation tool', [('', '#index-2')]),
-                                      ('ёлка', [('', '#index-5')]),
-                                      ('Ель', [('', '#index-4')])],
-                                     None])])
-    assert index[6] == ('Е',
-                        [('ёлка', [[], [('Sphinx', [('', '#index-5')])], None]),
-                         ('Ель', [[], [('Sphinx', [('', '#index-4')])], None])])
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', freshenv=True)
-def test_create_triple_index(app):
-    text = (".. index:: triple: foo; bar; baz\n"
-            ".. index:: triple: Python; Sphinx; reST\n")
-    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    index = IndexEntries(app.env).create_index(app.builder)
-    assert len(index) == 5
-    assert index[0] == ('B', [('bar', [[], [('baz, foo', [('', '#index-0')])], None]),
-                              ('baz', [[], [('foo bar', [('', '#index-0')])], None])])
-    assert index[1] == ('F', [('foo', [[], [('bar baz', [('', '#index-0')])], None])])
-    assert index[2] == ('P', [('Python', [[], [('Sphinx reST', [('', '#index-1')])], None])])
-    assert index[3] == ('R', [('reST', [[], [('Python Sphinx', [('', '#index-1')])], None])])
-    assert index[4] == ('S', [('Sphinx', [[], [('reST, Python', [('', '#index-1')])], None])])
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', freshenv=True)
-def test_create_see_index(app):
-    text = (".. index:: see: docutils; reStructuredText\n"
-            ".. index:: see: Python; interpreter\n"
-            ".. index:: see: Sphinx; documentation tool\n")
-    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    index = IndexEntries(app.env).create_index(app.builder)
-    assert len(index) == 3
-    assert index[0] == ('D', [('docutils', [[], [('see reStructuredText', [])], None])])
-    assert index[1] == ('P', [('Python', [[], [('see interpreter', [])], None])])
-    assert index[2] == ('S', [('Sphinx', [[], [('see documentation tool', [])], None])])
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', freshenv=True)
-def test_create_seealso_index(app):
-    text = (".. index:: seealso: docutils; reStructuredText\n"
-            ".. index:: seealso: Python; interpreter\n"
-            ".. index:: seealso: Sphinx; documentation tool\n")
-    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    index = IndexEntries(app.env).create_index(app.builder)
-    assert len(index) == 3
-    assert index[0] == ('D', [('docutils', [[], [('see also reStructuredText', [])], None])])
-    assert index[1] == ('P', [('Python', [[], [('see also interpreter', [])], None])])
-    assert index[2] == ('S', [('Sphinx', [[], [('see also documentation tool', [])], None])])
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', freshenv=True)
-def test_create_main_index(app):
-    text = (".. index:: !docutils\n"
-            ".. index:: docutils\n"
-            ".. index:: pip; install\n"
-            ".. index:: !pip; install\n")
-    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    index = IndexEntries(app.env).create_index(app.builder)
-    assert len(index) == 2
-    assert index[0] == ('D', [('docutils', [[('main', '#index-0'),
-                                             ('', '#index-1')], [], None])])
-    assert index[1] == ('P', [('pip', [[], [('install', [('main', '#index-3'),
-                                                         ('', '#index-2')])], None])])
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', freshenv=True)
-def test_create_index_with_name(app):
-    text = (".. index:: single: docutils\n"
-            "   :name: ref1\n"
-            ".. index:: single: Python\n"
-            "   :name: ref2\n"
-            ".. index:: Sphinx\n")
-    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    index = IndexEntries(app.env).create_index(app.builder)
-
-    # check index is created correctly
-    assert len(index) == 3
-    assert index[0] == ('D', [('docutils', [[('', '#ref1')], [], None])])
-    assert index[1] == ('P', [('Python', [[('', '#ref2')], [], None])])
-    assert index[2] == ('S', [('Sphinx', [[('', '#index-0')], [], None])])
-
-    # check the reference labels are created correctly
-    std = app.env.get_domain('std')
-    assert std.anonlabels['ref1'] == ('index', 'ref1')
-    assert std.anonlabels['ref2'] == ('index', 'ref2')
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', freshenv=True)
-def test_create_index_by_key(app):
-    # At present, only glossary directive is able to create index key
-    text = (".. glossary::\n"
-            "\n"
-            "   docutils\n"
-            "   Python\n"
-            "   スフィンクス : ス\n")
-    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    index = IndexEntries(app.env).create_index(app.builder)
-    assert len(index) == 3
-    assert index[0] == ('D', [('docutils', [[('main', '#term-docutils')], [], None])])
-    assert index[1] == ('P', [('Python', [[('main', '#term-Python')], [], None])])
-    assert index[2] == ('ス', [('スフィンクス', [[('main', '#term-0')], [], 'ス'])])
diff --git a/tests/test_environment_record_dependencies.py b/tests/test_environment_record_dependencies.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 0a17253..0000000
--- a/tests/test_environment_record_dependencies.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests for ``record_dependencies``."""
-
-import pytest
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='environment-record-dependencies')
-def test_record_dependencies_cleared(app):
-    app.builder.read()
-    assert app.env.dependencies['index'] == set()
-    assert app.env.dependencies['api'] == {'example_module.py'}
diff --git a/tests/test_environment_toctree.py b/tests/test_environment_toctree.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 5123715..0000000
--- a/tests/test_environment_toctree.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,396 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the sphinx.environment.adapters.toctree."""
-
-import pytest
-from docutils import nodes
-from docutils.nodes import bullet_list, list_item, literal, reference, title
-
-from sphinx import addnodes
-from sphinx.addnodes import compact_paragraph, only
-from sphinx.builders.html import StandaloneHTMLBuilder
-from sphinx.environment.adapters.toctree import document_toc, global_toctree_for_doc
-from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='toctree')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_environment_toctree_basic')
-def test_process_doc(app):
-    app.build()
-    # tocs
-    toctree = app.env.tocs['index']
-    assert_node(toctree,
-                [bullet_list, ([list_item, (compact_paragraph,  # [0][0]
-                                            [bullet_list, (addnodes.toctree,  # [0][1][0]
-                                                           only,  # [0][1][1]
-                                                           list_item)])],  # [0][1][2]
-                               [list_item, (compact_paragraph,  # [1][0]
-                                            [bullet_list, (addnodes.toctree,  # [1][1][0]
-                                                           addnodes.toctree)])],  # [1][1][1]
-                               list_item)])
-
-    assert_node(toctree[0][0],
-                [compact_paragraph, reference, "Welcome to Sphinx Tests’s documentation!"])
-    assert_node(toctree[0][0][0], reference, anchorname='')
-    assert_node(toctree[0][1][0], addnodes.toctree,
-                caption="Table of Contents", glob=False, hidden=False,
-                titlesonly=False, maxdepth=2, numbered=999,
-                entries=[(None, 'foo'), (None, 'bar'), (None, 'http://sphinx-doc.org/'),
-                         (None, 'self')],
-                includefiles=['foo', 'bar'])
-
-    # only branch
-    assert_node(toctree[0][1][1], addnodes.only, expr="html")
-    assert_node(toctree[0][1][1],
-                [only, list_item, ([compact_paragraph, reference, "Section for HTML"],
-                                   [bullet_list, addnodes.toctree])])
-    assert_node(toctree[0][1][1][0][0][0], reference, anchorname='#section-for-html')
-    assert_node(toctree[0][1][1][0][1][0], addnodes.toctree,
-                caption=None, glob=False, hidden=False, entries=[(None, 'baz')],
-                includefiles=['baz'], titlesonly=False, maxdepth=-1, numbered=0)
-    assert_node(toctree[0][1][2],
-                ([compact_paragraph, reference, "subsection"],
-                 [bullet_list, list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "subsubsection"]))
-
-    assert_node(toctree[1][0],
-                [compact_paragraph, reference, "Test for issue #1157"])
-    assert_node(toctree[1][0][0], reference, anchorname='#test-for-issue-1157')
-    assert_node(toctree[1][1][0], addnodes.toctree,
-                caption=None, entries=[], glob=False, hidden=False,
-                titlesonly=False, maxdepth=-1, numbered=0)
-    assert_node(toctree[1][1][1], addnodes.toctree,
-                caption=None, glob=False, hidden=True,
-                titlesonly=False, maxdepth=-1, numbered=0,
-                entries=[('Latest reference', 'http://sphinx-doc.org/latest/'),
-                         ('Python', 'http://python.org/')])
-
-    assert_node(toctree[2][0],
-                [compact_paragraph, reference, "Indices and tables"])
-
-    # other collections
-    assert app.env.toc_num_entries['index'] == 6
-    assert app.env.toctree_includes['index'] == ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
-    assert app.env.files_to_rebuild['foo'] == {'index'}
-    assert app.env.files_to_rebuild['bar'] == {'index'}
-    assert app.env.files_to_rebuild['baz'] == {'index'}
-    assert app.env.glob_toctrees == set()
-    assert app.env.numbered_toctrees == {'index'}
-
-    # qux has no section title
-    assert len(app.env.tocs['qux']) == 0
-    assert_node(app.env.tocs['qux'], nodes.bullet_list)
-    assert app.env.toc_num_entries['qux'] == 0
-    assert 'qux' not in app.env.toctree_includes
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='toctree-glob')
-def test_glob(app):
-    includefiles = ['foo', 'bar/index', 'bar/bar_1', 'bar/bar_2',
-                    'bar/bar_3', 'baz', 'qux/index']
-
-    app.build()
-
-    # tocs
-    toctree = app.env.tocs['index']
-    assert_node(toctree,
-                [bullet_list, list_item, (compact_paragraph,  # [0][0]
-                                          [bullet_list, (list_item,  # [0][1][0]
-                                                         list_item)])])  # [0][1][1]
-
-    assert_node(toctree[0][0],
-                [compact_paragraph, reference, "test-toctree-glob"])
-    assert_node(toctree[0][1][0],
-                [list_item, ([compact_paragraph, reference, "normal order"],
-                             [bullet_list, addnodes.toctree])])  # [0][1][0][1][0]
-    assert_node(toctree[0][1][0][1][0], addnodes.toctree, caption=None,
-                glob=True, hidden=False, titlesonly=False,
-                maxdepth=-1, numbered=0, includefiles=includefiles,
-                entries=[(None, 'foo'), (None, 'bar/index'), (None, 'bar/bar_1'),
-                         (None, 'bar/bar_2'), (None, 'bar/bar_3'), (None, 'baz'),
-                         (None, 'qux/index'),
-                         ('hyperref', 'https://sphinx-doc.org/?q=sphinx')])
-    assert_node(toctree[0][1][1],
-                [list_item, ([compact_paragraph, reference, "reversed order"],
-                             [bullet_list, addnodes.toctree])])  # [0][1][1][1][0]
-    assert_node(toctree[0][1][1][1][0], addnodes.toctree, caption=None,
-                glob=True, hidden=False, titlesonly=False,
-                maxdepth=-1, numbered=0, includefiles=list(reversed(includefiles)),
-                entries=[(None, 'qux/index'), (None, 'baz'), (None, 'bar/bar_3'),
-                         (None, 'bar/bar_2'), (None, 'bar/bar_1'), (None, 'bar/index'),
-                         (None, 'foo')])
-
-    # other collections
-    assert app.env.toc_num_entries['index'] == 3
-    assert app.env.toctree_includes['index'] == includefiles + list(reversed(includefiles))
-    for file in includefiles:
-        assert 'index' in app.env.files_to_rebuild[file]
-    assert 'index' in app.env.glob_toctrees
-    assert app.env.numbered_toctrees == set()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='toctree-domain-objects')
-def test_domain_objects(app):
-    app.build()
-
-    assert app.env.toc_num_entries['index'] == 0
-    assert app.env.toc_num_entries['domains'] == 9
-    assert app.env.toctree_includes['index'] == ['domains']
-    assert 'index' in app.env.files_to_rebuild['domains']
-    assert app.env.glob_toctrees == set()
-    assert app.env.numbered_toctrees == {'index'}
-
-    # tocs
-    toctree = app.env.tocs['domains']
-    assert_node(toctree,
-                [bullet_list, list_item, (compact_paragraph,  # [0][0]
-                                          [bullet_list, (list_item,  # [0][1][0]
-                                                         [list_item,  # [0][1][1]
-                                                          (compact_paragraph,  # [0][1][1][0]
-                                                           [bullet_list, (list_item,  # [0][1][1][1][0]
-                                                                          list_item,
-                                                                          list_item,
-                                                                          list_item)])],  # [0][1][1][1][3]
-                                                         list_item,
-                                                         list_item)])])  # [0][1][1]
-
-    assert_node(toctree[0][0],
-                [compact_paragraph, reference, "test-domain-objects"])
-
-    assert_node(toctree[0][1][0],
-                [list_item, ([compact_paragraph, reference, literal, "world()"])])
-
-    assert_node(toctree[0][1][1][1][3],
-                [list_item, ([compact_paragraph, reference, literal, "HelloWorldPrinter.print()"])])
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='toctree')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_environment_toctree_basic')
-def test_document_toc(app):
-    app.build()
-    toctree = document_toc(app.env, 'index', app.builder.tags)
-
-    assert_node(toctree,
-                [bullet_list, ([list_item, (compact_paragraph,  # [0][0]
-                                            [bullet_list, (addnodes.toctree,  # [0][1][0]
-                                                           list_item)])],  # [0][1][1]
-                               [list_item, (compact_paragraph,  # [1][0]
-                                            [bullet_list, (addnodes.toctree,
-                                                           addnodes.toctree)])],
-                               [list_item, compact_paragraph])])  # [2][0]
-    assert_node(toctree[0][0],
-                [compact_paragraph, reference, "Welcome to Sphinx Tests’s documentation!"])
-    assert_node(toctree[0][1][1],
-                ([compact_paragraph, reference, "subsection"],
-                 [bullet_list, list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "subsubsection"]))
-    assert_node(toctree[1][0],
-                [compact_paragraph, reference, "Test for issue #1157"])
-    assert_node(toctree[2][0],
-                [compact_paragraph, reference, "Indices and tables"])
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='toctree')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_environment_toctree_basic')
-def test_document_toc_only(app):
-    app.build()
-    builder = StandaloneHTMLBuilder(app, app.env)
-    toctree = document_toc(app.env, 'index', builder.tags)
-
-    assert_node(toctree,
-                [bullet_list, ([list_item, (compact_paragraph,  # [0][0]
-                                            [bullet_list, (addnodes.toctree,  # [0][1][0]
-                                                           list_item,  # [0][1][1]
-                                                           list_item)])],  # [0][1][2]
-                               [list_item, (compact_paragraph,  # [1][0]
-                                            [bullet_list, (addnodes.toctree,
-                                                           addnodes.toctree)])],
-                               [list_item, compact_paragraph])])  # [2][0]
-    assert_node(toctree[0][0],
-                [compact_paragraph, reference, "Welcome to Sphinx Tests’s documentation!"])
-    assert_node(toctree[0][1][1],
-                ([compact_paragraph, reference, "Section for HTML"],
-                 [bullet_list, addnodes.toctree]))
-    assert_node(toctree[0][1][2],
-                ([compact_paragraph, reference, "subsection"],
-                 [bullet_list, list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "subsubsection"]))
-    assert_node(toctree[1][0],
-                [compact_paragraph, reference, "Test for issue #1157"])
-    assert_node(toctree[2][0],
-                [compact_paragraph, reference, "Indices and tables"])
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='toctree')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_environment_toctree_basic')
-def test_document_toc_tocdepth(app):
-    app.build()
-    toctree = document_toc(app.env, 'tocdepth', app.builder.tags)
-
-    assert_node(toctree,
-                [bullet_list, list_item, (compact_paragraph,  # [0][0]
-                                          bullet_list)])  # [0][1]
-    assert_node(toctree[0][0],
-                [compact_paragraph, reference, "level 1"])
-    assert_node(toctree[0][1],
-                [bullet_list, list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "level 2"])
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='toctree')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_environment_toctree_basic')
-def test_global_toctree_for_doc(app):
-    app.build()
-    toctree = global_toctree_for_doc(app.env, 'index', app.builder, collapse=False)
-    assert_node(toctree,
-                [compact_paragraph, ([title, "Table of Contents"],
-                                     bullet_list,
-                                     bullet_list,
-                                     bullet_list)])
-
-    assert_node(toctree[1],
-                ([list_item, ([compact_paragraph, reference, "foo"],
-                              bullet_list)],
-                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "bar"],
-                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "http://sphinx-doc.org/"],
-                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference,
-                  "Welcome to Sphinx Tests’s documentation!"]))
-    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1],
-                ([list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "quux"],
-                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "foo.1"],
-                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "foo.2"]))
-
-    assert_node(toctree[1][0][0][0], reference, refuri="foo", secnumber=[1])
-    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][0][0][0], reference, refuri="quux", secnumber=[1, 1])
-    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][1][0][0], reference, refuri="foo#foo-1", secnumber=[1, 2])
-    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][2][0][0], reference, refuri="foo#foo-2", secnumber=[1, 3])
-    assert_node(toctree[1][1][0][0], reference, refuri="bar", secnumber=[2])
-    assert_node(toctree[1][2][0][0], reference, refuri="http://sphinx-doc.org/")
-    assert_node(toctree[1][3][0][0], reference, refuri="")
-
-    assert_node(toctree[2],
-                [bullet_list, list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "baz"])
-    assert_node(toctree[3],
-                ([list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "Latest reference"],
-                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "Python"]))
-    assert_node(toctree[3][0][0][0], reference, refuri="http://sphinx-doc.org/latest/")
-    assert_node(toctree[3][1][0][0], reference, refuri="http://python.org/")
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='toctree')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_environment_toctree_basic')
-def test_global_toctree_for_doc_collapse(app):
-    app.build()
-    toctree = global_toctree_for_doc(app.env, 'index', app.builder, collapse=True)
-    assert_node(toctree,
-                [compact_paragraph, ([title, "Table of Contents"],
-                                     bullet_list,
-                                     bullet_list,
-                                     bullet_list)])
-
-    assert_node(toctree[1],
-                ([list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "foo"],
-                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "bar"],
-                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "http://sphinx-doc.org/"],
-                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference,
-                  "Welcome to Sphinx Tests’s documentation!"]))
-    assert_node(toctree[1][0][0][0], reference, refuri="foo", secnumber=[1])
-    assert_node(toctree[1][1][0][0], reference, refuri="bar", secnumber=[2])
-    assert_node(toctree[1][2][0][0], reference, refuri="http://sphinx-doc.org/")
-    assert_node(toctree[1][3][0][0], reference, refuri="")
-
-    assert_node(toctree[2],
-                [bullet_list, list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "baz"])
-    assert_node(toctree[3],
-                ([list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "Latest reference"],
-                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "Python"]))
-    assert_node(toctree[3][0][0][0], reference, refuri="http://sphinx-doc.org/latest/")
-    assert_node(toctree[3][1][0][0], reference, refuri="http://python.org/")
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='toctree')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_environment_toctree_basic')
-def test_global_toctree_for_doc_maxdepth(app):
-    app.build()
-    toctree = global_toctree_for_doc(app.env, 'index', app.builder,
-                                     collapse=False, maxdepth=3)
-    assert_node(toctree,
-                [compact_paragraph, ([title, "Table of Contents"],
-                                     bullet_list,
-                                     bullet_list,
-                                     bullet_list)])
-
-    assert_node(toctree[1],
-                ([list_item, ([compact_paragraph, reference, "foo"],
-                              bullet_list)],
-                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "bar"],
-                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "http://sphinx-doc.org/"],
-                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference,
-                  "Welcome to Sphinx Tests’s documentation!"]))
-    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1],
-                ([list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "quux"],
-                 [list_item, ([compact_paragraph, reference, "foo.1"],
-                              bullet_list)],
-                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "foo.2"]))
-    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][1][1],
-                [bullet_list, list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "foo.1-1"])
-
-    assert_node(toctree[1][0][0][0], reference, refuri="foo", secnumber=[1])
-    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][0][0][0], reference, refuri="quux", secnumber=[1, 1])
-    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][1][0][0], reference, refuri="foo#foo-1", secnumber=[1, 2])
-    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][1][1][0][0][0],
-                reference, refuri="foo#foo-1-1", secnumber=[1, 2, 1])
-    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][2][0][0], reference, refuri="foo#foo-2", secnumber=[1, 3])
-    assert_node(toctree[1][1][0][0], reference, refuri="bar", secnumber=[2])
-    assert_node(toctree[1][2][0][0], reference, refuri="http://sphinx-doc.org/")
-    assert_node(toctree[1][3][0][0], reference, refuri="")
-
-    assert_node(toctree[2],
-                [bullet_list, list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "baz"])
-    assert_node(toctree[3],
-                ([list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "Latest reference"],
-                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "Python"]))
-    assert_node(toctree[3][0][0][0], reference, refuri="http://sphinx-doc.org/latest/")
-    assert_node(toctree[3][1][0][0], reference, refuri="http://python.org/")
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='toctree')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_environment_toctree_basic')
-def test_global_toctree_for_doc_includehidden(app):
-    app.build()
-    toctree = global_toctree_for_doc(app.env, 'index', app.builder,
-                                     collapse=False, includehidden=False)
-    assert_node(toctree,
-                [compact_paragraph, ([title, "Table of Contents"],
-                                     bullet_list,
-                                     bullet_list)])
-
-    assert_node(toctree[1],
-                ([list_item, ([compact_paragraph, reference, "foo"],
-                              bullet_list)],
-                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "bar"],
-                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "http://sphinx-doc.org/"],
-                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference,
-                  "Welcome to Sphinx Tests’s documentation!"]))
-    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1],
-                ([list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "quux"],
-                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "foo.1"],
-                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "foo.2"]))
-
-    assert_node(toctree[1][0][0][0], reference, refuri="foo", secnumber=[1])
-    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][0][0][0], reference, refuri="quux", secnumber=[1, 1])
-    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][1][0][0], reference, refuri="foo#foo-1", secnumber=[1, 2])
-    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][2][0][0], reference, refuri="foo#foo-2", secnumber=[1, 3])
-    assert_node(toctree[1][1][0][0], reference, refuri="bar", secnumber=[2])
-    assert_node(toctree[1][2][0][0], reference, refuri="http://sphinx-doc.org/")
-
-    assert_node(toctree[2],
-                [bullet_list, list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "baz"])
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='toctree-index')
-def test_toctree_index(app):
-    app.build()
-    toctree = app.env.tocs['index']
-    assert_node(toctree,
-                [bullet_list, ([list_item, (compact_paragraph,  # [0][0]
-                                            [bullet_list, (addnodes.toctree,  # [0][1][0]
-                                                           addnodes.toctree)])])])  # [0][1][1]
-    assert_node(toctree[0][1][1], addnodes.toctree,
-                caption="Indices", glob=False, hidden=False,
-                titlesonly=False, maxdepth=-1, numbered=0,
-                entries=[(None, 'genindex'), (None, 'modindex'), (None, 'search')])
diff --git a/tests/test_events.py b/tests/test_events.py
index d850a91..5097dc8 100644
--- a/tests/test_events.py
+++ b/tests/test_events.py
@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ from sphinx.events import EventManager
 def test_event_priority():
     result = []
     events = EventManager(object())  # pass an dummy object as an app
-    events.connect('builder-inited', lambda app: result.append(1), priority = 500)
-    events.connect('builder-inited', lambda app: result.append(2), priority = 500)
-    events.connect('builder-inited', lambda app: result.append(3), priority = 200)  # earlier
-    events.connect('builder-inited', lambda app: result.append(4), priority = 700)  # later
-    events.connect('builder-inited', lambda app: result.append(5), priority = 500)
+    events.connect('builder-inited', lambda app: result.append(1), priority=500)
+    events.connect('builder-inited', lambda app: result.append(2), priority=500)
+    events.connect('builder-inited', lambda app: result.append(3), priority=200)  # earlier
+    events.connect('builder-inited', lambda app: result.append(4), priority=700)  # later
+    events.connect('builder-inited', lambda app: result.append(5), priority=500)
 
     events.emit('builder-inited')
     assert result == [3, 1, 2, 5, 4]
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_apidoc.py b/tests/test_ext_apidoc.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 1e089a3..0000000
--- a/tests/test_ext_apidoc.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,665 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the sphinx.apidoc module."""
-
-import os.path
-from collections import namedtuple
-
-import pytest
-
-import sphinx.ext.apidoc
-from sphinx.ext.apidoc import main as apidoc_main
-
-
-@pytest.fixture()
-def apidoc(rootdir, tmp_path, apidoc_params):
-    _, kwargs = apidoc_params
-    coderoot = rootdir / kwargs.get('coderoot', 'test-root')
-    outdir = tmp_path / 'out'
-    excludes = [str(coderoot / e) for e in kwargs.get('excludes', [])]
-    args = ['-o', str(outdir), '-F', str(coderoot)] + excludes + kwargs.get('options', [])
-    apidoc_main(args)
-    return namedtuple('apidoc', 'coderoot,outdir')(coderoot, outdir)
-
-
-@pytest.fixture()
-def apidoc_params(request):
-    pargs = {}
-    kwargs = {}
-
-    for info in reversed(list(request.node.iter_markers("apidoc"))):
-        for i, a in enumerate(info.args):
-            pargs[i] = a
-        kwargs.update(info.kwargs)
-
-    args = [pargs[i] for i in sorted(pargs.keys())]
-    return args, kwargs
-
-
-@pytest.mark.apidoc(coderoot='test-root')
-def test_simple(make_app, apidoc):
-    outdir = apidoc.outdir
-    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
-    assert (outdir / 'index.rst').is_file()
-
-    app = make_app('text', srcdir=outdir)
-    app.build()
-    print(app._status.getvalue())
-    print(app._warning.getvalue())
-
-
-@pytest.mark.apidoc(
-    coderoot='test-apidoc-pep420/a',
-    options=["--implicit-namespaces"],
-)
-def test_pep_0420_enabled(make_app, apidoc):
-    outdir = apidoc.outdir
-    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
-    assert (outdir / 'a.b.c.rst').is_file()
-    assert (outdir / 'a.b.e.rst').is_file()
-    assert (outdir / 'a.b.x.rst').is_file()
-
-    with open(outdir / 'a.b.c.rst', encoding='utf-8') as f:
-        rst = f.read()
-        assert "automodule:: a.b.c.d\n" in rst
-        assert "automodule:: a.b.c\n" in rst
-
-    with open(outdir / 'a.b.e.rst', encoding='utf-8') as f:
-        rst = f.read()
-        assert "automodule:: a.b.e.f\n" in rst
-
-    with open(outdir / 'a.b.x.rst', encoding='utf-8') as f:
-        rst = f.read()
-        assert "automodule:: a.b.x.y\n" in rst
-        assert "automodule:: a.b.x\n" not in rst
-
-    app = make_app('text', srcdir=outdir)
-    app.build()
-    print(app._status.getvalue())
-    print(app._warning.getvalue())
-
-    builddir = outdir / '_build' / 'text'
-    assert (builddir / 'a.b.c.txt').is_file()
-    assert (builddir / 'a.b.e.txt').is_file()
-    assert (builddir / 'a.b.x.txt').is_file()
-
-    with open(builddir / 'a.b.c.txt', encoding='utf-8') as f:
-        txt = f.read()
-        assert "a.b.c package\n" in txt
-
-    with open(builddir / 'a.b.e.txt', encoding='utf-8') as f:
-        txt = f.read()
-        assert "a.b.e.f module\n" in txt
-
-    with open(builddir / 'a.b.x.txt', encoding='utf-8') as f:
-        txt = f.read()
-        assert "a.b.x namespace\n" in txt
-
-
-@pytest.mark.apidoc(
-    coderoot='test-apidoc-pep420/a',
-    options=["--implicit-namespaces", "--separate"],
-)
-def test_pep_0420_enabled_separate(make_app, apidoc):
-    outdir = apidoc.outdir
-    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
-    assert (outdir / 'a.b.c.rst').is_file()
-    assert (outdir / 'a.b.e.rst').is_file()
-    assert (outdir / 'a.b.e.f.rst').is_file()
-    assert (outdir / 'a.b.x.rst').is_file()
-    assert (outdir / 'a.b.x.y.rst').is_file()
-
-    with open(outdir / 'a.b.c.rst', encoding='utf-8') as f:
-        rst = f.read()
-        assert ".. toctree::\n   :maxdepth: 4\n\n   a.b.c.d\n" in rst
-
-    with open(outdir / 'a.b.e.rst', encoding='utf-8') as f:
-        rst = f.read()
-        assert ".. toctree::\n   :maxdepth: 4\n\n   a.b.e.f\n" in rst
-
-    with open(outdir / 'a.b.x.rst', encoding='utf-8') as f:
-        rst = f.read()
-        assert ".. toctree::\n   :maxdepth: 4\n\n   a.b.x.y\n" in rst
-
-    app = make_app('text', srcdir=outdir)
-    app.build()
-    print(app._status.getvalue())
-    print(app._warning.getvalue())
-
-    builddir = outdir / '_build' / 'text'
-    assert (builddir / 'a.b.c.txt').is_file()
-    assert (builddir / 'a.b.e.txt').is_file()
-    assert (builddir / 'a.b.e.f.txt').is_file()
-    assert (builddir / 'a.b.x.txt').is_file()
-    assert (builddir / 'a.b.x.y.txt').is_file()
-
-    with open(builddir / 'a.b.c.txt', encoding='utf-8') as f:
-        txt = f.read()
-        assert "a.b.c package\n" in txt
-
-    with open(builddir / 'a.b.e.f.txt', encoding='utf-8') as f:
-        txt = f.read()
-        assert "a.b.e.f module\n" in txt
-
-    with open(builddir / 'a.b.x.txt', encoding='utf-8') as f:
-        txt = f.read()
-        assert "a.b.x namespace\n" in txt
-
-
-@pytest.mark.apidoc(coderoot='test-apidoc-pep420/a')
-def test_pep_0420_disabled(make_app, apidoc):
-    outdir = apidoc.outdir
-    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
-    assert not (outdir / 'a.b.c.rst').exists()
-    assert not (outdir / 'a.b.x.rst').exists()
-
-    app = make_app('text', srcdir=outdir)
-    app.build()
-    print(app._status.getvalue())
-    print(app._warning.getvalue())
-
-
-@pytest.mark.apidoc(
-    coderoot='test-apidoc-pep420/a/b')
-def test_pep_0420_disabled_top_level_verify(make_app, apidoc):
-    outdir = apidoc.outdir
-    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
-    assert (outdir / 'c.rst').is_file()
-    assert not (outdir / 'x.rst').exists()
-
-    with open(outdir / 'c.rst', encoding='utf-8') as f:
-        rst = f.read()
-        assert "c package\n" in rst
-        assert "automodule:: c.d\n" in rst
-        assert "automodule:: c\n" in rst
-
-    app = make_app('text', srcdir=outdir)
-    app.build()
-    print(app._status.getvalue())
-    print(app._warning.getvalue())
-
-
-@pytest.mark.apidoc(
-    coderoot='test-apidoc-trailing-underscore')
-def test_trailing_underscore(make_app, apidoc):
-    outdir = apidoc.outdir
-    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
-    assert (outdir / 'package_.rst').is_file()
-
-    app = make_app('text', srcdir=outdir)
-    app.build()
-    print(app._status.getvalue())
-    print(app._warning.getvalue())
-
-    builddir = outdir / '_build' / 'text'
-    with open(builddir / 'package_.txt', encoding='utf-8') as f:
-        rst = f.read()
-        assert "package_ package\n" in rst
-        assert "package_.module_ module\n" in rst
-
-
-@pytest.mark.apidoc(
-    coderoot='test-apidoc-pep420/a',
-    excludes=["b/c/d.py", "b/e/f.py", "b/e/__init__.py"],
-    options=["--implicit-namespaces", "--separate"],
-)
-def test_excludes(apidoc):
-    outdir = apidoc.outdir
-    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
-    assert (outdir / 'a.rst').is_file()
-    assert (outdir / 'a.b.rst').is_file()
-    assert (outdir / 'a.b.c.rst').is_file()  # generated because not empty
-    assert not (outdir / 'a.b.e.rst').is_file()  # skipped because of empty after excludes
-    assert (outdir / 'a.b.x.rst').is_file()
-    assert (outdir / 'a.b.x.y.rst').is_file()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.apidoc(
-    coderoot='test-apidoc-pep420/a',
-    excludes=["b/e"],
-    options=["--implicit-namespaces", "--separate"],
-)
-def test_excludes_subpackage_should_be_skipped(apidoc):
-    """Subpackage exclusion should work."""
-    outdir = apidoc.outdir
-    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
-    assert (outdir / 'a.rst').is_file()
-    assert (outdir / 'a.b.rst').is_file()
-    assert (outdir / 'a.b.c.rst').is_file()  # generated because not empty
-    assert not (outdir / 'a.b.e.f.rst').is_file()  # skipped because 'b/e' subpackage is skipped
-
-
-@pytest.mark.apidoc(
-    coderoot='test-apidoc-pep420/a',
-    excludes=["b/e/f.py"],
-    options=["--implicit-namespaces", "--separate"],
-)
-def test_excludes_module_should_be_skipped(apidoc):
-    """Module exclusion should work."""
-    outdir = apidoc.outdir
-    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
-    assert (outdir / 'a.rst').is_file()
-    assert (outdir / 'a.b.rst').is_file()
-    assert (outdir / 'a.b.c.rst').is_file()  # generated because not empty
-    assert not (outdir / 'a.b.e.f.rst').is_file()  # skipped because of empty after excludes
-
-
-@pytest.mark.apidoc(
-    coderoot='test-apidoc-pep420/a',
-    excludes=[],
-    options=["--implicit-namespaces", "--separate"],
-)
-def test_excludes_module_should_not_be_skipped(apidoc):
-    """Module should be included if no excludes are used."""
-    outdir = apidoc.outdir
-    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
-    assert (outdir / 'a.rst').is_file()
-    assert (outdir / 'a.b.rst').is_file()
-    assert (outdir / 'a.b.c.rst').is_file()  # generated because not empty
-    assert (outdir / 'a.b.e.f.rst').is_file()  # skipped because of empty after excludes
-
-
-@pytest.mark.apidoc(
-    coderoot='test-root',
-    options=[
-        '--doc-project', 'プロジェクト名',
-        '--doc-author', '著者名',
-        '--doc-version', 'バージョン',
-        '--doc-release', 'リリース',
-    ],
-)
-def test_multibyte_parameters(make_app, apidoc):
-    outdir = apidoc.outdir
-    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
-    assert (outdir / 'index.rst').is_file()
-
-    conf_py = (outdir / 'conf.py').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert "project = 'プロジェクト名'" in conf_py
-    assert "author = '著者名'" in conf_py
-    assert "version = 'バージョン'" in conf_py
-    assert "release = 'リリース'" in conf_py
-
-    app = make_app('text', srcdir=outdir)
-    app.build()
-    print(app._status.getvalue())
-    print(app._warning.getvalue())
-
-
-@pytest.mark.apidoc(
-    coderoot='test-root',
-    options=['--ext-mathjax'],
-)
-def test_extension_parsed(make_app, apidoc):
-    outdir = apidoc.outdir
-    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
-
-    with open(outdir / 'conf.py', encoding='utf-8') as f:
-        rst = f.read()
-        assert "sphinx.ext.mathjax" in rst
-
-
-@pytest.mark.apidoc(
-    coderoot='test-apidoc-toc/mypackage',
-    options=["--implicit-namespaces"],
-)
-def test_toc_all_references_should_exist_pep420_enabled(make_app, apidoc):
-    """All references in toc should exist. This test doesn't say if
-       directories with empty __init__.py and and nothing else should be
-       skipped, just ensures consistency between what's referenced in the toc
-       and what is created. This is the variant with pep420 enabled.
-    """
-    outdir = apidoc.outdir
-    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
-
-    toc = extract_toc(outdir / 'mypackage.rst')
-
-    refs = [l.strip() for l in toc.splitlines() if l.strip()]
-    found_refs = []
-    missing_files = []
-    for ref in refs:
-        if ref and ref[0] in (':', '#'):
-            continue
-        found_refs.append(ref)
-        filename = f"{ref}.rst"
-        if not (outdir / filename).is_file():
-            missing_files.append(filename)
-
-    assert len(missing_files) == 0, \
-        'File(s) referenced in TOC not found: {}\n' \
-        'TOC:\n{}'.format(", ".join(missing_files), toc)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.apidoc(
-    coderoot='test-apidoc-toc/mypackage',
-)
-def test_toc_all_references_should_exist_pep420_disabled(make_app, apidoc):
-    """All references in toc should exist. This test doesn't say if
-       directories with empty __init__.py and and nothing else should be
-       skipped, just ensures consistency between what's referenced in the toc
-       and what is created. This is the variant with pep420 disabled.
-    """
-    outdir = apidoc.outdir
-    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
-
-    toc = extract_toc(outdir / 'mypackage.rst')
-
-    refs = [l.strip() for l in toc.splitlines() if l.strip()]
-    found_refs = []
-    missing_files = []
-    for ref in refs:
-        if ref and ref[0] in (':', '#'):
-            continue
-        filename = f"{ref}.rst"
-        found_refs.append(ref)
-        if not (outdir / filename).is_file():
-            missing_files.append(filename)
-
-    assert len(missing_files) == 0, \
-        'File(s) referenced in TOC not found: {}\n' \
-        'TOC:\n{}'.format(", ".join(missing_files), toc)
-
-
-def extract_toc(path):
-    """Helper: Extract toc section from package rst file"""
-    with open(path, encoding='utf-8') as f:
-        rst = f.read()
-
-    # Read out the part containing the toctree
-    toctree_start = "\n.. toctree::\n"
-    toctree_end = "\nSubmodules"
-
-    start_idx = rst.index(toctree_start)
-    end_idx = rst.index(toctree_end, start_idx)
-    toctree = rst[start_idx + len(toctree_start):end_idx]
-
-    return toctree
-
-
-@pytest.mark.apidoc(
-    coderoot='test-apidoc-subpackage-in-toc',
-    options=['--separate'],
-)
-def test_subpackage_in_toc(make_app, apidoc):
-    """Make sure that empty subpackages with non-empty subpackages in them
-       are not skipped (issue #4520)
-    """
-    outdir = apidoc.outdir
-    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
-
-    assert (outdir / 'parent.rst').is_file()
-    with open(outdir / 'parent.rst', encoding='utf-8') as f:
-        parent = f.read()
-    assert 'parent.child' in parent
-
-    assert (outdir / 'parent.child.rst').is_file()
-    with open(outdir / 'parent.child.rst', encoding='utf-8') as f:
-        parent_child = f.read()
-    assert 'parent.child.foo' in parent_child
-
-    assert (outdir / 'parent.child.foo.rst').is_file()
-
-
-def test_private(tmp_path):
-    (tmp_path / 'hello.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
-    (tmp_path / '_world.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
-
-    # without --private option
-    apidoc_main(['-o', str(tmp_path), str(tmp_path)])
-    assert (tmp_path / 'hello.rst').exists()
-    assert ':private-members:' not in (tmp_path / 'hello.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert not (tmp_path / '_world.rst').exists()
-
-    # with --private option
-    apidoc_main(['--private', '-f', '-o', str(tmp_path), str(tmp_path)])
-    assert (tmp_path / 'hello.rst').exists()
-    assert ':private-members:' in (tmp_path / 'hello.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert (tmp_path / '_world.rst').exists()
-
-
-def test_toc_file(tmp_path):
-    outdir = tmp_path
-    (outdir / 'module').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    (outdir / 'example.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
-    (outdir / 'module' / 'example.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
-    apidoc_main(['-o', str(tmp_path), str(tmp_path)])
-    assert (outdir / 'modules.rst').exists()
-
-    content = (outdir / 'modules.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert content == ("test_toc_file0\n"
-                       "==============\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       ".. toctree::\n"
-                       "   :maxdepth: 4\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       "   example\n")
-
-
-def test_module_file(tmp_path):
-    outdir = tmp_path
-    (outdir / 'example.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
-    apidoc_main(['-o', str(tmp_path), str(tmp_path)])
-    assert (outdir / 'example.rst').exists()
-
-    content = (outdir / 'example.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert content == ("example module\n"
-                       "==============\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       ".. automodule:: example\n"
-                       "   :members:\n"
-                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
-                       "   :show-inheritance:\n")
-
-
-def test_module_file_noheadings(tmp_path):
-    outdir = tmp_path
-    (outdir / 'example.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
-    apidoc_main(['--no-headings', '-o', str(tmp_path), str(tmp_path)])
-    assert (outdir / 'example.rst').exists()
-
-    content = (outdir / 'example.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert content == (".. automodule:: example\n"
-                       "   :members:\n"
-                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
-                       "   :show-inheritance:\n")
-
-
-def test_package_file(tmp_path):
-    outdir = tmp_path
-    (outdir / 'testpkg').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    (outdir / 'testpkg' / '__init__.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
-    (outdir / 'testpkg' / 'hello.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
-    (outdir / 'testpkg' / 'world.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
-    (outdir / 'testpkg' / 'subpkg').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    (outdir / 'testpkg' / 'subpkg' / '__init__.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
-    apidoc_main(['-o', str(outdir), str(outdir / 'testpkg')])
-    assert (outdir / 'testpkg.rst').exists()
-    assert (outdir / 'testpkg.subpkg.rst').exists()
-
-    content = (outdir / 'testpkg.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert content == ("testpkg package\n"
-                       "===============\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       "Subpackages\n"
-                       "-----------\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       ".. toctree::\n"
-                       "   :maxdepth: 4\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       "   testpkg.subpkg\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       "Submodules\n"
-                       "----------\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       "testpkg.hello module\n"
-                       "--------------------\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       ".. automodule:: testpkg.hello\n"
-                       "   :members:\n"
-                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
-                       "   :show-inheritance:\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       "testpkg.world module\n"
-                       "--------------------\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       ".. automodule:: testpkg.world\n"
-                       "   :members:\n"
-                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
-                       "   :show-inheritance:\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       "Module contents\n"
-                       "---------------\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       ".. automodule:: testpkg\n"
-                       "   :members:\n"
-                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
-                       "   :show-inheritance:\n")
-
-    content = (outdir / 'testpkg.subpkg.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert content == ("testpkg.subpkg package\n"
-                       "======================\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       "Module contents\n"
-                       "---------------\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       ".. automodule:: testpkg.subpkg\n"
-                       "   :members:\n"
-                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
-                       "   :show-inheritance:\n")
-
-
-def test_package_file_separate(tmp_path):
-    outdir = tmp_path
-    (outdir / 'testpkg').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    (outdir / 'testpkg' / '__init__.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
-    (outdir / 'testpkg' / 'example.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
-    apidoc_main(['--separate', '-o', str(tmp_path), str(tmp_path / 'testpkg')])
-    assert (outdir / 'testpkg.rst').exists()
-    assert (outdir / 'testpkg.example.rst').exists()
-
-    content = (outdir / 'testpkg.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert content == ("testpkg package\n"
-                       "===============\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       "Submodules\n"
-                       "----------\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       ".. toctree::\n"
-                       "   :maxdepth: 4\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       "   testpkg.example\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       "Module contents\n"
-                       "---------------\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       ".. automodule:: testpkg\n"
-                       "   :members:\n"
-                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
-                       "   :show-inheritance:\n")
-
-    content = (outdir / 'testpkg.example.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert content == ("testpkg.example module\n"
-                       "======================\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       ".. automodule:: testpkg.example\n"
-                       "   :members:\n"
-                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
-                       "   :show-inheritance:\n")
-
-
-def test_package_file_module_first(tmp_path):
-    outdir = tmp_path
-    (outdir / 'testpkg').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    (outdir / 'testpkg' / '__init__.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
-    (outdir / 'testpkg' / 'example.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
-    apidoc_main(['--module-first', '-o', str(tmp_path), str(tmp_path)])
-
-    content = (outdir / 'testpkg.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert content == ("testpkg package\n"
-                       "===============\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       ".. automodule:: testpkg\n"
-                       "   :members:\n"
-                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
-                       "   :show-inheritance:\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       "Submodules\n"
-                       "----------\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       "testpkg.example module\n"
-                       "----------------------\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       ".. automodule:: testpkg.example\n"
-                       "   :members:\n"
-                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
-                       "   :show-inheritance:\n")
-
-
-def test_package_file_without_submodules(tmp_path):
-    outdir = tmp_path
-    (outdir / 'testpkg').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    (outdir / 'testpkg' / '__init__.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
-    apidoc_main(['-o', str(tmp_path), str(tmp_path / 'testpkg')])
-    assert (outdir / 'testpkg.rst').exists()
-
-    content = (outdir / 'testpkg.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert content == ("testpkg package\n"
-                       "===============\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       "Module contents\n"
-                       "---------------\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       ".. automodule:: testpkg\n"
-                       "   :members:\n"
-                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
-                       "   :show-inheritance:\n")
-
-
-def test_namespace_package_file(tmp_path):
-    outdir = tmp_path
-    (outdir / 'testpkg').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    (outdir / 'testpkg' / 'example.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
-    apidoc_main(['--implicit-namespace', '-o', str(tmp_path), str(tmp_path / 'testpkg')])
-    assert (outdir / 'testpkg.rst').exists()
-
-    content = (outdir / 'testpkg.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert content == ("testpkg namespace\n"
-                       "=================\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       ".. py:module:: testpkg\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       "Submodules\n"
-                       "----------\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       "testpkg.example module\n"
-                       "----------------------\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       ".. automodule:: testpkg.example\n"
-                       "   :members:\n"
-                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
-                       "   :show-inheritance:\n")
-
-
-def test_no_duplicates(rootdir, tmp_path):
-    """Make sure that a ".pyx" and ".so" don't cause duplicate listings.
-
-    We can't use pytest.mark.apidoc here as we use a different set of arguments
-    to apidoc_main
-    """
-
-    original_suffixes = sphinx.ext.apidoc.PY_SUFFIXES
-    try:
-        # Ensure test works on Windows
-        sphinx.ext.apidoc.PY_SUFFIXES += ('.so',)
-
-        package = rootdir / 'test-apidoc-duplicates' / 'fish_licence'
-        outdir = tmp_path / 'out'
-        apidoc_main(['-o', str(outdir), "-T", str(package), "--implicit-namespaces"])
-
-        # Ensure the module has been documented
-        assert os.path.isfile(outdir / 'fish_licence.rst')
-
-        # Ensure the submodule only appears once
-        text = (outdir / 'fish_licence.rst').read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-        count_submodules = text.count(r'fish\_licence.halibut module')
-        assert count_submodules == 1
-
-    finally:
-        sphinx.ext.apidoc.PY_SUFFIXES = original_suffixes
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_autodoc.py b/tests/test_ext_autodoc.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 7062763..0000000
--- a/tests/test_ext_autodoc.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2537 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the autodoc extension.
-
-This tests mainly the Documenters; the auto directives are tested in a test
-source file translated by test_build.
-"""
-
-import sys
-from types import SimpleNamespace
-from unittest.mock import Mock
-from warnings import catch_warnings
-
-import pytest
-from docutils.statemachine import ViewList
-
-from sphinx import addnodes
-from sphinx.ext.autodoc import ALL, ModuleLevelDocumenter, Options
-from sphinx.ext.autodoc.directive import DocumenterBridge, process_documenter_options
-from sphinx.util.docutils import LoggingReporter
-
-try:
-    # Enable pyximport to test cython module
-    import pyximport
-    pyximport.install()
-except ImportError:
-    pyximport = None
-
-
-def do_autodoc(app, objtype, name, options=None):
-    if options is None:
-        options = {}
-    app.env.temp_data.setdefault('docname', 'index')  # set dummy docname
-    doccls = app.registry.documenters[objtype]
-    docoptions = process_documenter_options(doccls, app.config, options)
-    state = Mock()
-    state.document.settings.tab_width = 8
-    bridge = DocumenterBridge(app.env, LoggingReporter(''), docoptions, 1, state)
-    documenter = doccls(bridge, name)
-    documenter.generate()
-
-    return bridge.result
-
-
-def make_directive_bridge(env):
-    options = Options(
-        inherited_members = False,
-        undoc_members = False,
-        private_members = False,
-        special_members = False,
-        imported_members = False,
-        show_inheritance = False,
-        no_index = False,
-        annotation = None,
-        synopsis = '',
-        platform = '',
-        deprecated = False,
-        members = [],
-        member_order = 'alphabetical',
-        exclude_members = set(),
-        ignore_module_all = False,
-    )
-
-    directive = SimpleNamespace(
-        env = env,
-        genopt = options,
-        result = ViewList(),
-        record_dependencies = set(),
-        state = Mock(),
-    )
-    directive.state.document.settings.tab_width = 8
-
-    return directive
-
-
-processed_signatures = []
-
-
-def process_signature(app, what, name, obj, options, args, retann):
-    processed_signatures.append((what, name))
-    if name == 'bar':
-        return '42', None
-    return None
-
-
-def skip_member(app, what, name, obj, skip, options):
-    if name in ('__special1__', '__special2__'):
-        return skip
-    if name.startswith('__'):
-        return True
-    if name == 'skipmeth':
-        return True
-    return None
-
-
-def test_parse_name(app):
-    def verify(objtype, name, result):
-        inst = app.registry.documenters[objtype](directive, name)
-        assert inst.parse_name()
-        assert (inst.modname, inst.objpath, inst.args, inst.retann) == result
-
-    directive = make_directive_bridge(app.env)
-
-    # for modules
-    verify('module', 'test_ext_autodoc', ('test_ext_autodoc', [], None, None))
-    verify('module', 'test.test_ext_autodoc', ('test.test_ext_autodoc', [], None, None))
-    verify('module', 'test(arg)', ('test', [], 'arg', None))
-    assert 'signature arguments' in app._warning.getvalue()
-
-    # for functions/classes
-    verify('function', 'test_ext_autodoc.raises',
-           ('test_ext_autodoc', ['raises'], None, None))
-    verify('function', 'test_ext_autodoc.raises(exc) -> None',
-           ('test_ext_autodoc', ['raises'], 'exc', 'None'))
-    directive.env.temp_data['autodoc:module'] = 'test_ext_autodoc'
-    verify('function', 'raises', ('test_ext_autodoc', ['raises'], None, None))
-    del directive.env.temp_data['autodoc:module']
-    directive.env.ref_context['py:module'] = 'test_ext_autodoc'
-    verify('function', 'raises', ('test_ext_autodoc', ['raises'], None, None))
-    verify('class', 'Base', ('test_ext_autodoc', ['Base'], None, None))
-
-    # for members
-    directive.env.ref_context['py:module'] = 'sphinx.testing.util'
-    verify('method', 'SphinxTestApp.cleanup',
-           ('sphinx.testing.util', ['SphinxTestApp', 'cleanup'], None, None))
-    directive.env.ref_context['py:module'] = 'sphinx.testing.util'
-    directive.env.ref_context['py:class'] = 'Foo'
-    directive.env.temp_data['autodoc:class'] = 'SphinxTestApp'
-    verify('method', 'cleanup',
-           ('sphinx.testing.util', ['SphinxTestApp', 'cleanup'], None, None))
-    verify('method', 'SphinxTestApp.cleanup',
-           ('sphinx.testing.util', ['SphinxTestApp', 'cleanup'], None, None))
-
-
-def test_format_signature(app):
-    app.connect('autodoc-process-signature', process_signature)
-    app.connect('autodoc-skip-member', skip_member)
-
-    directive = make_directive_bridge(app.env)
-
-    def formatsig(objtype, name, obj, args, retann):
-        inst = app.registry.documenters[objtype](directive, name)
-        inst.fullname = name
-        inst.doc_as_attr = False  # for class objtype
-        inst.parent = object  # dummy
-        inst.object = obj
-        inst.objpath = [name]
-        inst.args = args
-        inst.retann = retann
-        res = inst.format_signature()
-        print(res)
-        return res
-
-    # no signatures for modules
-    assert formatsig('module', 'test', None, None, None) == ''
-
-    # test for functions
-    def f(a, b, c=1, **d):
-        pass
-
-    def g(a='\n'):
-        pass
-    assert formatsig('function', 'f', f, None, None) == '(a, b, c=1, **d)'
-    assert formatsig('function', 'f', f, 'a, b, c, d', None) == '(a, b, c, d)'
-    assert formatsig('function', 'g', g, None, None) == r"(a='\n')"
-
-    # test for classes
-    class D:
-        pass
-
-    class E:
-        def __init__(self):
-            pass
-
-    # an empty init and no init are the same
-    for C in (D, E):
-        assert formatsig('class', 'D', C, None, None) == '()'
-
-    class SomeMeta(type):
-        def __call__(cls, a, b=None):
-            return type.__call__(cls, a, b)
-
-    # these three are all equivalent
-    class F:
-        def __init__(self, a, b=None):
-            pass
-
-    class FNew:
-        def __new__(cls, a, b=None):
-            return super().__new__(cls)
-
-    class FMeta(metaclass=SomeMeta):
-        pass
-
-    # and subclasses should always inherit
-    class G(F):
-        pass
-
-    class GNew(FNew):
-        pass
-
-    class GMeta(FMeta):
-        pass
-
-    # subclasses inherit
-    for C in (F, FNew, FMeta, G, GNew, GMeta):
-        assert formatsig('class', 'C', C, None, None) == '(a, b=None)'
-    assert formatsig('class', 'C', D, 'a, b', 'X') == '(a, b) -> X'
-
-    class ListSubclass(list):
-        pass
-
-    # only supported if the python implementation decides to document it
-    if getattr(list, '__text_signature__', None) is not None:
-        assert formatsig('class', 'C', ListSubclass, None, None) == '(iterable=(), /)'
-    else:
-        assert formatsig('class', 'C', ListSubclass, None, None) == ''
-
-    class ExceptionSubclass(Exception):
-        pass
-
-    # Exception has no __text_signature__ at least in Python 3.11
-    if getattr(Exception, '__text_signature__', None) is None:
-        assert formatsig('class', 'C', ExceptionSubclass, None, None) == ''
-
-    # __init__ have signature at first line of docstring
-    directive.env.config.autoclass_content = 'both'
-
-    class F2:
-        """some docstring for F2."""
-        def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
-            """
-            __init__(a1, a2, kw1=True, kw2=False)
-
-            some docstring for __init__.
-            """
-    class G2(F2):
-        pass
-
-    assert formatsig('class', 'F2', F2, None, None) == \
-        '(a1, a2, kw1=True, kw2=False)'
-    assert formatsig('class', 'G2', G2, None, None) == \
-        '(a1, a2, kw1=True, kw2=False)'
-
-    # test for methods
-    class H:
-        def foo1(self, b, *c):
-            pass
-
-        def foo2(b, *c):
-            pass
-
-        def foo3(self, d='\n'):
-            pass
-    assert formatsig('method', 'H.foo', H.foo1, None, None) == '(b, *c)'
-    assert formatsig('method', 'H.foo', H.foo1, 'a', None) == '(a)'
-    assert formatsig('method', 'H.foo', H.foo2, None, None) == '(*c)'
-    assert formatsig('method', 'H.foo', H.foo3, None, None) == r"(d='\n')"
-
-    # test bound methods interpreted as functions
-    assert formatsig('function', 'foo', H().foo1, None, None) == '(b, *c)'
-    assert formatsig('function', 'foo', H().foo2, None, None) == '(*c)'
-    assert formatsig('function', 'foo', H().foo3, None, None) == r"(d='\n')"
-
-    # test exception handling (exception is caught and args is '')
-    directive.env.config.autodoc_docstring_signature = False
-    assert formatsig('function', 'int', int, None, None) == ''
-
-    # test processing by event handler
-    assert formatsig('method', 'bar', H.foo1, None, None) == '42'
-
-    # test functions created via functools.partial
-    from functools import partial
-    curried1 = partial(lambda a, b, c: None, 'A')
-    assert formatsig('function', 'curried1', curried1, None, None) == \
-        '(b, c)'
-    curried2 = partial(lambda a, b, c=42: None, 'A')
-    assert formatsig('function', 'curried2', curried2, None, None) == \
-        '(b, c=42)'
-    curried3 = partial(lambda a, b, *c: None, 'A')
-    assert formatsig('function', 'curried3', curried3, None, None) == \
-        '(b, *c)'
-    curried4 = partial(lambda a, b, c=42, *d, **e: None, 'A')
-    assert formatsig('function', 'curried4', curried4, None, None) == \
-        '(b, c=42, *d, **e)'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_process_signature_typing_generic(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.generic_class.A', {})
-
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: A(a, b=None)',
-        '   :module: target.generic_class',
-        '',
-        '   docstring for A',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-def test_autodoc_process_signature_typehints(app):
-    captured = []
-
-    def process_signature(*args):
-        captured.append(args)
-
-    app.connect('autodoc-process-signature', process_signature)
-
-    def func(x: int, y: int) -> int:
-        pass
-
-    directive = make_directive_bridge(app.env)
-    inst = app.registry.documenters['function'](directive, 'func')
-    inst.fullname = 'func'
-    inst.object = func
-    inst.objpath = ['func']
-    inst.format_signature()
-    assert captured == [(app, 'function', 'func', func,
-                         directive.genopt, '(x: int, y: int)', 'int')]
-
-
-def test_get_doc(app):
-    directive = make_directive_bridge(app.env)
-
-    def getdocl(objtype, obj):
-        inst = app.registry.documenters[objtype](directive, 'tmp')
-        inst.parent = object  # dummy
-        inst.object = obj
-        inst.objpath = [obj.__name__]
-        inst.doc_as_attr = False
-        inst.format_signature()  # handle docstring signatures!
-        ds = inst.get_doc()
-        # for testing purposes, concat them and strip the empty line at the end
-        res = sum(ds, [])[:-1]
-        print(res)
-        return res
-
-    # objects without docstring
-    def f():
-        pass
-    assert getdocl('function', f) == []
-
-    # standard function, diverse docstring styles...
-    def f():
-        """Docstring"""
-    def g():
-        """
-        Docstring
-        """
-    for func in (f, g):
-        assert getdocl('function', func) == ['Docstring']
-
-    # first line vs. other lines indentation
-    def f():
-        """First line
-
-        Other
-          lines
-        """
-    assert getdocl('function', f) == ['First line', '', 'Other', '  lines']
-
-    # charset guessing (this module is encoded in utf-8)
-    def f():
-        """Döcstring"""
-    assert getdocl('function', f) == ['Döcstring']
-
-    # verify that method docstrings get extracted in both normal case
-    # and in case of bound method posing as a function
-    class J:
-        def foo(self):
-            """Method docstring"""
-    assert getdocl('method', J.foo) == ['Method docstring']
-    assert getdocl('function', J().foo) == ['Method docstring']
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_new_documenter(app):
-    class MyDocumenter(ModuleLevelDocumenter):
-        objtype = 'integer'
-        directivetype = 'integer'
-        priority = 100
-
-        @classmethod
-        def can_document_member(cls, member, membername, isattr, parent):
-            return isinstance(member, int)
-
-        def document_members(self, all_members=False):
-            return
-
-    app.add_autodocumenter(MyDocumenter)
-
-    options = {"members": 'integer'}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:integer:: integer',
-        '   :module: target',
-        '',
-        '   documentation for the integer',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_attrgetter_using(app):
-    directive = make_directive_bridge(app.env)
-    directive.genopt['members'] = ALL
-
-    directive.genopt['inherited_members'] = False
-    with catch_warnings(record=True):
-        _assert_getter_works(app, directive, 'class', 'target.Class', ['meth'])
-
-    directive.genopt['inherited_members'] = True
-    with catch_warnings(record=True):
-        _assert_getter_works(app, directive, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Derived', ['inheritedmeth'])
-
-
-def _assert_getter_works(app, directive, objtype, name, attrs=(), **kw):
-    getattr_spy = []
-
-    def _special_getattr(obj, attr_name, *defargs):
-        if attr_name in attrs:
-            getattr_spy.append((obj, attr_name))
-            return None
-        return getattr(obj, attr_name, *defargs)
-
-    app.add_autodoc_attrgetter(type, _special_getattr)
-
-    getattr_spy.clear()
-    app.registry.documenters[objtype](directive, name).generate(**kw)
-
-    hooked_members = {s[1] for s in getattr_spy}
-    documented_members = {s[1] for s in processed_signatures}
-    for attr in attrs:
-        fullname = '.'.join((name, attr))
-        assert attr in hooked_members
-        assert fullname not in documented_members, f'{fullname!r} not intercepted'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_py_module(app, warning):
-    # without py:module
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'Class.meth')
-    assert list(actual) == []
-    assert ("don't know which module to import for autodocumenting 'Class.meth'"
-            in warning.getvalue())
-
-    # with py:module
-    app.env.ref_context['py:module'] = 'target'
-    warning.truncate(0)
-
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'Class.meth')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:method:: Class.meth()',
-        '   :module: target',
-        '',
-        '   Function.',
-        '',
-    ]
-    assert ("don't know which module to import for autodocumenting 'Class.meth'"
-            not in warning.getvalue())
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_decorator(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'decorator', 'target.decorator.deco1')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:decorator:: deco1',
-        '   :module: target.decorator',
-        '',
-        '   docstring for deco1',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'decorator', 'target.decorator.deco2')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:decorator:: deco2(condition, message)',
-        '   :module: target.decorator',
-        '',
-        '   docstring for deco2',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_exception(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'exception', 'target.CustomEx')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:exception:: CustomEx',
-        '   :module: target',
-        '',
-        '   My custom exception.',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_warnings(app, warning):
-    app.env.temp_data['docname'] = 'dummy'
-
-    # can't import module
-    do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'unknown')
-    assert "failed to import module 'unknown'" in warning.getvalue()
-
-    # missing function
-    do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'unknown')
-    assert "import for autodocumenting 'unknown'" in warning.getvalue()
-
-    do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.unknown')
-    assert "failed to import function 'unknown' from module 'target'" in warning.getvalue()
-
-    # missing method
-    do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'target.Class.unknown')
-    assert "failed to import method 'Class.unknown' from module 'target'" in warning.getvalue()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_attributes(app):
-    options = {"synopsis": 'Synopsis',
-               "platform": "Platform",
-               "deprecated": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target',
-        '   :synopsis: Synopsis',
-        '   :platform: Platform',
-        '   :deprecated:',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_members(app):
-    # default (no-members)
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base')
-    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
-        '.. py:class:: Base()',
-    ]
-
-    # default ALL-members
-    options = {"members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
-    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
-        '.. py:class:: Base()',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Base.inheritedattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedmeth()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
-    ]
-
-    # default specific-members
-    options = {"members": "inheritedmeth,inheritedstaticmeth"}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
-    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
-        '.. py:class:: Base()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedmeth()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
-    ]
-
-    # ALL-members override autodoc_default_options
-    options = {"members": None}
-    app.config.autodoc_default_options["members"] = "inheritedstaticmeth"
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
-    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
-        '.. py:class:: Base()',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Base.inheritedattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedmeth()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
-    ]
-
-    # members override autodoc_default_options
-    options = {"members": "inheritedmeth"}
-    app.config.autodoc_default_options["members"] = "inheritedstaticmeth"
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
-    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
-        '.. py:class:: Base()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedmeth()',
-    ]
-
-    # members extends autodoc_default_options
-    options = {"members": "+inheritedmeth"}
-    app.config.autodoc_default_options["members"] = "inheritedstaticmeth"
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
-    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
-        '.. py:class:: Base()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedmeth()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_exclude_members(app):
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "exclude-members": "inheritedmeth,inheritedstaticmeth"}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
-    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
-        '.. py:class:: Base()',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Base.inheritedattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
-    ]
-
-    # members vs exclude-members
-    options = {"members": "inheritedmeth",
-               "exclude-members": "inheritedmeth"}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
-    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
-        '.. py:class:: Base()',
-    ]
-
-    # + has no effect when autodoc_default_options are not present
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "exclude-members": "+inheritedmeth,inheritedstaticmeth"}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
-    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
-        '.. py:class:: Base()',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Base.inheritedattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
-    ]
-
-    # exclude-members overrides autodoc_default_options
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "exclude-members": "inheritedmeth"}
-    app.config.autodoc_default_options["exclude-members"] = "inheritedstaticmeth"
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
-    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
-        '.. py:class:: Base()',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Base.inheritedattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
-    ]
-
-    # exclude-members extends autodoc_default_options
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "exclude-members": "+inheritedmeth"}
-    app.config.autodoc_default_options["exclude-members"] = "inheritedstaticmeth"
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
-    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
-        '.. py:class:: Base()',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Base.inheritedattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
-    ]
-
-    # no exclude-members causes use autodoc_default_options
-    options = {"members": None}
-    app.config.autodoc_default_options["exclude-members"] = "inheritedstaticmeth,inheritedmeth"
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
-    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
-        '.. py:class:: Base()',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Base.inheritedattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
-    ]
-
-    # empty exclude-members cancels autodoc_default_options
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "exclude-members": None}
-    app.config.autodoc_default_options["exclude-members"] = "inheritedstaticmeth,inheritedmeth"
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
-    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
-        '.. py:class:: Base()',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Base.inheritedattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedmeth()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_undoc_members(app):
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "undoc-members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
-    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
-        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.docattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.excludemeth()',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_comment',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_inline',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_string',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.mdocattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.moore(a, e, f) -> happiness',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.roger(a, *, b=2, c=3, d=4, e=5, f=6)',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.skipattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.skipmeth()',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.udocattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.undocmeth()',
-    ]
-
-    # use autodoc_default_options
-    options = {"members": None}
-    app.config.autodoc_default_options["undoc-members"] = None
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
-    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
-        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.docattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.excludemeth()',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_comment',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_inline',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_string',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.mdocattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.moore(a, e, f) -> happiness',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.roger(a, *, b=2, c=3, d=4, e=5, f=6)',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.skipattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.skipmeth()',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.udocattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.undocmeth()',
-    ]
-
-    # options negation work check
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "no-undoc-members": None}
-    app.config.autodoc_default_options["undoc-members"] = None
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
-    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
-        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.docattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.excludemeth()',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_comment',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_inline',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_string',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.mdocattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.moore(a, e, f) -> happiness',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.skipmeth()',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.udocattr',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_undoc_members_for_metadata_only(app):
-    # metadata only member is not displayed
-    options = {"members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.metadata', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.metadata',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-    # metadata only member is displayed when undoc-member given
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "undoc-members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.metadata', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.metadata',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: foo()',
-        '   :module: target.metadata',
-        '',
-        '   :meta metadata-only-docstring:',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_inherited_members(app):
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "inherited-members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Derived', options)
-    assert list(filter(lambda l: 'method::' in l, actual)) == [
-        '   .. py:method:: Derived.inheritedclassmeth()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Derived.inheritedmeth()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Derived.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_inherited_members_Base(app):
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "inherited-members": "Base",
-               "special-members": None}
-
-    # check methods for object class are shown
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Derived', options)
-    assert '   .. py:method:: Derived.inheritedmeth()' in actual
-    assert '   .. py:method:: Derived.inheritedclassmeth' not in actual
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_inherited_members_None(app):
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "inherited-members": "None",
-               "special-members": None}
-
-    # check methods for object class are shown
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Derived', options)
-    assert '   .. py:method:: Derived.__init__()' in actual
-    assert '   .. py:method:: Derived.__str__()' in actual
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_imported_members(app):
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "imported-members": None,
-               "ignore-module-all": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target', options)
-    assert '.. py:function:: function_to_be_imported(app: ~sphinx.application.Sphinx | None) -> str' in actual
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_special_members(app):
-    # specific special methods
-    options = {"undoc-members": None,
-               "special-members": "__init__,__special1__"}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
-    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
-        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.__init__(arg)',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.__special1__()',
-    ]
-
-    # combination with specific members
-    options = {"members": "attr,docattr",
-               "undoc-members": None,
-               "special-members": "__init__,__special1__"}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
-    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
-        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.__init__(arg)',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.__special1__()',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.docattr',
-    ]
-
-    # all special methods
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "undoc-members": None,
-               "special-members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
-    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
-        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.__annotations__',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.__dict__',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.__init__(arg)',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.__module__',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.__special1__()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.__special2__()',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.__weakref__',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.docattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.excludemeth()',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_comment',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_inline',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_string',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.mdocattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.moore(a, e, f) -> happiness',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.roger(a, *, b=2, c=3, d=4, e=5, f=6)',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.skipattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.skipmeth()',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.udocattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.undocmeth()',
-    ]
-
-    # specific special methods from autodoc_default_options
-    options = {"undoc-members": None}
-    app.config.autodoc_default_options["special-members"] = "__special2__"
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
-    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
-        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.__special2__()',
-    ]
-
-    # specific special methods option with autodoc_default_options
-    options = {"undoc-members": None,
-               "special-members": "__init__,__special1__"}
-    app.config.autodoc_default_options["special-members"] = "__special2__"
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
-    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
-        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.__init__(arg)',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.__special1__()',
-    ]
-
-    # specific special methods merge with autodoc_default_options
-    options = {"undoc-members": None,
-               "special-members": "+__init__,__special1__"}
-    app.config.autodoc_default_options["special-members"] = "__special2__"
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
-    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
-        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.__init__(arg)',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.__special1__()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.__special2__()',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_ignore_module_all(app):
-    # default (no-ignore-module-all)
-    options = {"members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target', options)
-    assert list(filter(lambda l: 'class::' in l, actual)) == [
-        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
-    ]
-
-    # ignore-module-all
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "ignore-module-all": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target', options)
-    assert list(filter(lambda l: 'class::' in l, actual)) == [
-        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
-        '.. py:class:: CustomDict',
-        '.. py:class:: InnerChild()',
-        '.. py:class:: InstAttCls()',
-        '.. py:class:: Outer()',
-        '   .. py:class:: Outer.Inner()',
-        '.. py:class:: StrRepr',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_noindex(app):
-    options = {"no-index": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target',
-        '   :no-index:',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-    # TODO: :no-index: should be propagated to children of target item.
-
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Base()',
-        '   :no-index:',
-        '   :module: target.inheritance',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_subclass_of_builtin_class(app):
-    options = {"members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.CustomDict', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: CustomDict',
-        '   :module: target',
-        '',
-        '   Docstring.',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_inner_class(app):
-    options = {"members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Outer', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Outer()',
-        '   :module: target',
-        '',
-        '   Foo',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:class:: Outer.Inner()',
-        '      :module: target',
-        '',
-        '      Foo',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '      .. py:method:: Outer.Inner.meth()',
-        '         :module: target',
-        '',
-        '         Foo',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Outer.factory',
-        '      :module: target',
-        '',
-        '      alias of :py:class:`dict`',
-    ]
-
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Outer.Inner', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Inner()',
-        '   :module: target.Outer',
-        '',
-        '   Foo',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Inner.meth()',
-        '      :module: target.Outer',
-        '',
-        '      Foo',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-    options['show-inheritance'] = None
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.InnerChild', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: InnerChild()',
-        '   :module: target', '',
-        '   Bases: :py:class:`~target.Outer.Inner`',
-        '',
-        '   InnerChild docstring',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_classmethod(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'target.inheritance.Base.inheritedclassmeth')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
-        '   :module: target.inheritance',
-        '   :classmethod:',
-        '',
-        '   Inherited class method.',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_staticmethod(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'target.inheritance.Base.inheritedstaticmeth')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
-        '   :module: target.inheritance',
-        '   :staticmethod:',
-        '',
-        '   Inherited static method.',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_descriptor(app):
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "undoc-members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.descriptor.Class', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Class()',
-        '   :module: target.descriptor',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.descr',
-        '      :module: target.descriptor',
-        '',
-        '      Descriptor instance docstring.',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:property:: Class.prop',
-        '      :module: target.descriptor',
-        '',
-        '      Property.',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_cached_property(app):
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "undoc-members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.cached_property.Foo', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
-        '   :module: target.cached_property',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:property:: Foo.prop',
-        '      :module: target.cached_property',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:property:: Foo.prop_with_type_comment',
-        '      :module: target.cached_property',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_member_order(app):
-    # case member-order='bysource'
-    options = {"members": None,
-               'member-order': 'bysource',
-               "undoc-members": None,
-               'private-members': None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
-    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
-        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.undocmeth()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.skipmeth()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.excludemeth()',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.skipattr',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.docattr',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.udocattr',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.mdocattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.roger(a, *, b=2, c=3, d=4, e=5, f=6)',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.moore(a, e, f) -> happiness',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_inline',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_comment',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_string',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class._private_inst_attr',
-    ]
-
-    # case member-order='groupwise'
-    options = {"members": None,
-               'member-order': 'groupwise',
-               "undoc-members": None,
-               'private-members': None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
-    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
-        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.excludemeth()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.moore(a, e, f) -> happiness',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.roger(a, *, b=2, c=3, d=4, e=5, f=6)',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.skipmeth()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.undocmeth()',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class._private_inst_attr',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.docattr',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_comment',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_inline',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_string',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.mdocattr',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.skipattr',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.udocattr',
-    ]
-
-    # case member-order=None
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "undoc-members": None,
-               'private-members': None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
-    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
-        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class._private_inst_attr',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.docattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.excludemeth()',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_comment',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_inline',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_string',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.mdocattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.moore(a, e, f) -> happiness',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.roger(a, *, b=2, c=3, d=4, e=5, f=6)',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.skipattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.skipmeth()',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.udocattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.undocmeth()',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_module_member_order(app):
-    # case member-order='bysource'
-    options = {"members": 'foo, Bar, baz, qux, Quux, foobar',
-               'member-order': 'bysource',
-               "undoc-members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.sort_by_all', options)
-    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
-        '.. py:module:: target.sort_by_all',
-        '.. py:function:: baz()',
-        '.. py:function:: foo()',
-        '.. py:class:: Bar()',
-        '.. py:class:: Quux()',
-        '.. py:function:: foobar()',
-        '.. py:function:: qux()',
-    ]
-
-    # case member-order='bysource' and ignore-module-all
-    options = {"members": 'foo, Bar, baz, qux, Quux, foobar',
-               'member-order': 'bysource',
-               "undoc-members": None,
-               "ignore-module-all": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.sort_by_all', options)
-    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
-        '.. py:module:: target.sort_by_all',
-        '.. py:function:: foo()',
-        '.. py:class:: Bar()',
-        '.. py:function:: baz()',
-        '.. py:function:: qux()',
-        '.. py:class:: Quux()',
-        '.. py:function:: foobar()',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_module_scope(app):
-    app.env.temp_data['autodoc:module'] = 'target'
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'Class.mdocattr')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:attribute:: Class.mdocattr',
-        '   :module: target',
-        '   :value: <_io.StringIO object>',
-        '',
-        '   should be documented as well - süß',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_class_scope(app):
-    app.env.temp_data['autodoc:module'] = 'target'
-    app.env.temp_data['autodoc:class'] = 'Class'
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'mdocattr')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:attribute:: Class.mdocattr',
-        '   :module: target',
-        '   :value: <_io.StringIO object>',
-        '',
-        '   should be documented as well - süß',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_class_attributes(app):
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "undoc-members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.AttCls', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: AttCls()',
-        '   :module: target',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: AttCls.a1',
-        '      :module: target',
-        '      :value: hello world',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: AttCls.a2',
-        '      :module: target',
-        '      :value: None',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autoclass_instance_attributes(app):
-    options = {"members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.InstAttCls', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: InstAttCls()',
-        '   :module: target',
-        '',
-        '   Class with documented class and instance attributes.',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: InstAttCls.ca1',
-        '      :module: target',
-        "      :value: 'a'",
-        '',
-        '      Doc comment for class attribute InstAttCls.ca1.',
-        '      It can have multiple lines.',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: InstAttCls.ca2',
-        '      :module: target',
-        "      :value: 'b'",
-        '',
-        '      Doc comment for InstAttCls.ca2. One line only.',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: InstAttCls.ca3',
-        '      :module: target',
-        "      :value: 'c'",
-        '',
-        '      Docstring for class attribute InstAttCls.ca3.',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: InstAttCls.ia1',
-        '      :module: target',
-        '',
-        '      Doc comment for instance attribute InstAttCls.ia1',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: InstAttCls.ia2',
-        '      :module: target',
-        '',
-        '      Docstring for instance attribute InstAttCls.ia2.',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-    # pick up arbitrary attributes
-    options = {"members": 'ca1,ia1'}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.InstAttCls', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: InstAttCls()',
-        '   :module: target',
-        '',
-        '   Class with documented class and instance attributes.',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: InstAttCls.ca1',
-        '      :module: target',
-        "      :value: 'a'",
-        '',
-        '      Doc comment for class attribute InstAttCls.ca1.',
-        '      It can have multiple lines.',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: InstAttCls.ia1',
-        '      :module: target',
-        '',
-        '      Doc comment for instance attribute InstAttCls.ia1',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autoattribute_instance_attributes(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.InstAttCls.ia1')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:attribute:: InstAttCls.ia1',
-        '   :module: target',
-        '',
-        '   Doc comment for instance attribute InstAttCls.ia1',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_slots(app):
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "undoc-members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.slots', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.slots',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Bar()',
-        '   :module: target.slots',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar.attr1',
-        '      :module: target.slots',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '',
-        '      docstring of attr1',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar.attr2',
-        '      :module: target.slots',
-        '',
-        '      docstring of instance attr2',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar.attr3',
-        '      :module: target.slots',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Baz()',
-        '   :module: target.slots',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Baz.attr',
-        '      :module: target.slots',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
-        '   :module: target.slots',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.attr',
-        '      :module: target.slots',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_enum_class(app):
-    options = {"members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.enums.EnumCls', options)
-
-    if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 12):
-        args = ('(value, names=None, *values, module=None, '
-                'qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)')
-    elif sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 11):
-        args = ('(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, '
-                'type=None, start=1, boundary=None)')
-    else:
-        args = '(value)'
-
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: EnumCls' + args,
-        '   :module: target.enums',
-        '',
-        '   this is enum class',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: EnumCls.say_goodbye()',
-        '      :module: target.enums',
-        '      :classmethod:',
-        '',
-        '      a classmethod says good-bye to you.',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: EnumCls.say_hello()',
-        '      :module: target.enums',
-        '',
-        '      a method says hello to you.',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val1',
-        '      :module: target.enums',
-        '      :value: 12',
-        '',
-        '      doc for val1',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val2',
-        '      :module: target.enums',
-        '      :value: 23',
-        '',
-        '      doc for val2',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val3',
-        '      :module: target.enums',
-        '      :value: 34',
-        '',
-        '      doc for val3',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-    # checks for an attribute of EnumClass
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.enums.EnumCls.val1')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val1',
-        '   :module: target.enums',
-        '   :value: 12',
-        '',
-        '   doc for val1',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_descriptor_class(app):
-    options = {"members": 'CustomDataDescriptor,CustomDataDescriptor2'}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.descriptor', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.descriptor',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: CustomDataDescriptor(doc)',
-        '   :module: target.descriptor',
-        '',
-        '   Descriptor class docstring.',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: CustomDataDescriptor.meth()',
-        '      :module: target.descriptor',
-        '',
-        '      Function.',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: CustomDataDescriptor2(doc)',
-        '   :module: target.descriptor',
-        '',
-        '   Descriptor class with custom metaclass docstring.',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_automethod_for_builtin(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'builtins.int.__add__')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:method:: int.__add__(value, /)',
-        '   :module: builtins',
-        '',
-        '   Return self+value.',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_automethod_for_decorated(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'target.decorator.Bar.meth')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:method:: Bar.meth(name=None, age=None)',
-        '   :module: target.decorator',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_abstractmethods(app):
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "undoc-members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.abstractmethods', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.abstractmethods',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Base()',
-        '   :module: target.abstractmethods',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.abstractmeth()',
-        '      :module: target.abstractmethods',
-        '      :abstractmethod:',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.classmeth()',
-        '      :module: target.abstractmethods',
-        '      :abstractmethod:',
-        '      :classmethod:',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.coroutinemeth()',
-        '      :module: target.abstractmethods',
-        '      :abstractmethod:',
-        '      :async:',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.meth()',
-        '      :module: target.abstractmethods',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:property:: Base.prop',
-        '      :module: target.abstractmethods',
-        '      :abstractmethod:',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.staticmeth()',
-        '      :module: target.abstractmethods',
-        '      :abstractmethod:',
-        '      :staticmethod:',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_partialfunction(app):
-    options = {"members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.partialfunction', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.partialfunction',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: func1(a, b, c)',
-        '   :module: target.partialfunction',
-        '',
-        '   docstring of func1',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: func2(b, c)',
-        '   :module: target.partialfunction',
-        '',
-        '   docstring of func1',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: func3(c)',
-        '   :module: target.partialfunction',
-        '',
-        '   docstring of func3',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: func4()',
-        '   :module: target.partialfunction',
-        '',
-        '   docstring of func3',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_imported_partialfunction_should_not_shown_without_imported_members(app):
-    options = {"members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.imported_members', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.imported_members',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_bound_method(app):
-    options = {"members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.bound_method', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.bound_method',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: bound_method()',
-        '   :module: target.bound_method',
-        '',
-        '   Method docstring',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_partialmethod(app):
-    expected = [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Cell()',
-        '   :module: target.partialmethod',
-        '',
-        '   An example for partialmethod.',
-        '',
-        '   refs: https://docs.python.jp/3/library/functools.html#functools.partialmethod',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Cell.set_alive()',
-        '      :module: target.partialmethod',
-        '',
-        '      Make a cell alive.',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Cell.set_state(state)',
-        '      :module: target.partialmethod',
-        '',
-        '      Update state of cell to *state*.',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-    options = {"members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.partialmethod.Cell', options)
-    assert list(actual) == expected
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_partialmethod_undoc_members(app):
-    expected = [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Cell()',
-        '   :module: target.partialmethod',
-        '',
-        '   An example for partialmethod.',
-        '',
-        '   refs: https://docs.python.jp/3/library/functools.html#functools.partialmethod',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Cell.set_alive()',
-        '      :module: target.partialmethod',
-        '',
-        '      Make a cell alive.',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Cell.set_dead()',
-        '      :module: target.partialmethod',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Cell.set_state(state)',
-        '      :module: target.partialmethod',
-        '',
-        '      Update state of cell to *state*.',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "undoc-members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.partialmethod.Cell', options)
-    assert list(actual) == expected
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_typed_instance_variables(app):
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "undoc-members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.typed_vars', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.typed_vars',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:attribute:: Alias',
-        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
-        '',
-        '   alias of :py:class:`~target.typed_vars.Derived`',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Class()',
-        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr1',
-        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '      :value: 0',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr2',
-        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr3',
-        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '      :value: 0',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr4',
-        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '',
-        '      attr4',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr5',
-        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '',
-        '      attr5',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr6',
-        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '',
-        '      attr6',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.descr4',
-        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '',
-        '      This is descr4',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Derived()',
-        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr7',
-        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: attr1',
-        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
-        '   :type: str',
-        "   :value: ''",
-        '',
-        '   attr1',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: attr2',
-        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
-        '   :type: str',
-        '',
-        '   attr2',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: attr3',
-        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
-        '   :type: str',
-        "   :value: ''",
-        '',
-        '   attr3',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_typed_inherited_instance_variables(app):
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "undoc-members": None,
-               "inherited-members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.typed_vars.Derived', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Derived()',
-        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr1',
-        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '      :value: 0',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr2',
-        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr3',
-        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '      :value: 0',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr4',
-        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '',
-        '      attr4',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr5',
-        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '',
-        '      attr5',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr6',
-        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '',
-        '      attr6',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr7',
-        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.descr4',
-        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_GenericAlias(app):
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "undoc-members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.genericalias', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.genericalias',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Class()',
-        '   :module: target.genericalias',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.T',
-        '      :module: target.genericalias',
-        '',
-        '      A list of int',
-        '',
-        '      alias of :py:class:`~typing.List`\\ [:py:class:`int`]',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: L',
-        '   :module: target.genericalias',
-        '',
-        '   A list of Class',
-        '',
-        '   alias of :py:class:`~typing.List`\\ '
-        '[:py:class:`~target.genericalias.Class`]',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: T',
-        '   :module: target.genericalias',
-        '',
-        '   A list of int',
-        '',
-        '   alias of :py:class:`~typing.List`\\ [:py:class:`int`]',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_TypeVar(app):
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "undoc-members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.typevar', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.typevar',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Class()',
-        '   :module: target.typevar',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:class:: Class.T1',
-        '      :module: target.typevar',
-        '',
-        '      T1',
-        '',
-        "      alias of TypeVar('T1')",
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:class:: Class.T6',
-        '      :module: target.typevar',
-        '',
-        '      T6',
-        '',
-        '      alias of :py:class:`~datetime.date`',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: T1',
-        '   :module: target.typevar',
-        '',
-        '   T1',
-        '',
-        "   alias of TypeVar('T1')",
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: T3',
-        '   :module: target.typevar',
-        '',
-        '   T3',
-        '',
-        "   alias of TypeVar('T3', int, str)",
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: T4',
-        '   :module: target.typevar',
-        '',
-        '   T4',
-        '',
-        "   alias of TypeVar('T4', covariant=True)",
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: T5',
-        '   :module: target.typevar',
-        '',
-        '   T5',
-        '',
-        "   alias of TypeVar('T5', contravariant=True)",
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: T6',
-        '   :module: target.typevar',
-        '',
-        '   T6',
-        '',
-        '   alias of :py:class:`~datetime.date`',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: T7',
-        '   :module: target.typevar',
-        '',
-        '   T7',
-        '',
-        "   alias of TypeVar('T7', bound=\\ :py:class:`int`)",
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_Annotated(app):
-    options = {"members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.annotated', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.annotated',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: hello(name: str) -> None',
-        '   :module: target.annotated',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_TYPE_CHECKING(app):
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "undoc-members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.TYPE_CHECKING', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.TYPE_CHECKING',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
-        '   :module: target.TYPE_CHECKING',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.attr1',
-        '      :module: target.TYPE_CHECKING',
-        '      :type: ~_io.StringIO',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: spam(ham: ~collections.abc.Iterable[str]) -> tuple[~gettext.NullTranslations, bool]',
-        '   :module: target.TYPE_CHECKING',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_TYPE_CHECKING_circular_import(app):
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "undoc-members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'circular_import', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: circular_import',
-        '',
-    ]
-    assert sys.modules["circular_import"].a is sys.modules["circular_import.a"]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_singledispatch(app):
-    options = {"members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.singledispatch', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.singledispatch',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: func(arg, kwarg=None)',
-        '                 func(arg: float, kwarg=None)',
-        '                 func(arg: int, kwarg=None)',
-        '                 func(arg: str, kwarg=None)',
-        '                 func(arg: dict, kwarg=None)',
-        '   :module: target.singledispatch',
-        '',
-        '   A function for general use.',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_singledispatchmethod(app):
-    options = {"members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.singledispatchmethod', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.singledispatchmethod',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
-        '   :module: target.singledispatchmethod',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Foo.meth(arg, kwarg=None)',
-        '                  Foo.meth(arg: float, kwarg=None)',
-        '                  Foo.meth(arg: int, kwarg=None)',
-        '                  Foo.meth(arg: str, kwarg=None)',
-        '                  Foo.meth(arg: dict, kwarg=None)',
-        '      :module: target.singledispatchmethod',
-        '',
-        '      A method for general use.',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_singledispatchmethod_automethod(app):
-    options = {}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'target.singledispatchmethod.Foo.meth', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:method:: Foo.meth(arg, kwarg=None)',
-        '               Foo.meth(arg: float, kwarg=None)',
-        '               Foo.meth(arg: int, kwarg=None)',
-        '               Foo.meth(arg: str, kwarg=None)',
-        '               Foo.meth(arg: dict, kwarg=None)',
-        '   :module: target.singledispatchmethod',
-        '',
-        '   A method for general use.',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 13),
-                    reason='Cython does not support Python 3.13 yet.')
-@pytest.mark.skipif(pyximport is None, reason='cython is not installed')
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_cython(app):
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "undoc-members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.cython', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.cython',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Class()',
-        '   :module: target.cython',
-        '',
-        '   Docstring.',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth(name: str, age: int = 0) -> None',
-        '      :module: target.cython',
-        '',
-        '      Docstring.',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: foo(x: int, *args, y: str, **kwargs)',
-        '   :module: target.cython',
-        '',
-        '   Docstring.',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_final(app):
-    options = {"members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.final', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.final',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Class()',
-        '   :module: target.final',
-        '   :final:',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth1()',
-        '      :module: target.final',
-        '      :final:',
-        '',
-        '      docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth2()',
-        '      :module: target.final',
-        '',
-        '      docstring',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_overload(app):
-    options = {"members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.overload', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.overload',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Bar(x: int, y: int)',
-        '              Bar(x: str, y: str)',
-        '   :module: target.overload',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Baz(x: int, y: int)',
-        '              Baz(x: str, y: str)',
-        '   :module: target.overload',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Foo(x: int, y: int)',
-        '              Foo(x: str, y: str)',
-        '   :module: target.overload',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Math()',
-        '   :module: target.overload',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Math.sum(x: int, y: int = 0) -> int',
-        '                  Math.sum(x: float, y: float = 0.0) -> float',
-        '                  Math.sum(x: str, y: str = None) -> str',
-        '      :module: target.overload',
-        '',
-        '      docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: sum(x: int, y: int = 0) -> int',
-        '                 sum(x: float, y: float = 0.0) -> float',
-        '                 sum(x: str, y: str = None) -> str',
-        '   :module: target.overload',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_overload2(app):
-    options = {"members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.overload2', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.overload2',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Baz(x: int, y: int)',
-        '              Baz(x: str, y: str)',
-        '   :module: target.overload2',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_pymodule_for_ModuleLevelDocumenter(app):
-    app.env.ref_context['py:module'] = 'target.classes'
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'Foo')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
-        '   :module: target.classes',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_pymodule_for_ClassLevelDocumenter(app):
-    app.env.ref_context['py:module'] = 'target.methods'
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'Base.meth')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:method:: Base.meth()',
-        '   :module: target.methods',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_pyclass_for_ClassLevelDocumenter(app):
-    app.env.ref_context['py:module'] = 'target.methods'
-    app.env.ref_context['py:class'] = 'Base'
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'meth')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:method:: Base.meth()',
-        '   :module: target.methods',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    content = app.env.get_doctree('index')
-    assert isinstance(content[3], addnodes.desc)
-    assert content[3][0].astext() == 'autodoc_dummy_module.test()'
-    assert content[3][1].astext() == 'Dummy function using dummy.*'
-
-    # issue sphinx-doc/sphinx#2437
-    assert content[11][-1].astext() == """Dummy class Bar with alias.
-
-
-
-my_name
-
-alias of Foo"""
-    assert warning.getvalue() == ''
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_name_conflict(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.name_conflict.foo')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: foo()',
-        '   :module: target.name_conflict',
-        '',
-        '   docstring of target.name_conflict::foo.',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.name_conflict.foo.bar')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: bar()',
-        '   :module: target.name_conflict.foo',
-        '',
-        '   docstring of target.name_conflict.foo::bar.',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_name_mangling(app):
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "undoc-members": None,
-               "private-members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.name_mangling', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.name_mangling',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Bar()',
-        '   :module: target.name_mangling',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar._Baz__email',
-        '      :module: target.name_mangling',
-        '      :value: None',
-        '',
-        '      a member having mangled-like name',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar.__address',
-        '      :module: target.name_mangling',
-        '      :value: None',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
-        '   :module: target.name_mangling',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.__age',
-        '      :module: target.name_mangling',
-        '      :value: None',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.__name',
-        '      :module: target.name_mangling',
-        '      :value: None',
-        '',
-        '      name of Foo',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_type_union_operator(app):
-    options = {'members': None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.pep604', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.pep604',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
-        '   :module: target.pep604',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.attr',
-        '      :module: target.pep604',
-        '      :type: int | str',
-        '',
-        '      docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Foo.meth(x: int | str, y: int | str) -> int | str',
-        '      :module: target.pep604',
-        '',
-        '      docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: attr',
-        '   :module: target.pep604',
-        '   :type: int | str',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: sum(x: int | str, y: int | str) -> int | str',
-        '   :module: target.pep604',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_hide_value(app):
-    options = {'members': None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.hide_value', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.hide_value',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
-        '   :module: target.hide_value',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.SENTINEL1',
-        '      :module: target.hide_value',
-        '',
-        '      docstring',
-        '',
-        '      :meta hide-value:',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.SENTINEL2',
-        '      :module: target.hide_value',
-        '',
-        '      :meta hide-value:',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: SENTINEL1',
-        '   :module: target.hide_value',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '   :meta hide-value:',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: SENTINEL2',
-        '   :module: target.hide_value',
-        '',
-        '   :meta hide-value:',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_canonical(app):
-    options = {'members': None,
-               'imported-members': None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.canonical', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.canonical',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Bar()',
-        '   :module: target.canonical',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
-        '   :module: target.canonical',
-        '   :canonical: target.canonical.original.Foo',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Foo.meth()',
-        '      :module: target.canonical',
-        '',
-        '      docstring',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_literal_render(app):
-    def bounded_typevar_rst(name, bound):
-        return [
-            '',
-            f'.. py:class:: {name}',
-            '   :module: target.literal',
-            '',
-            '   docstring',
-            '',
-            f'   alias of TypeVar({name!r}, bound={bound})',
-            '',
-        ]
-
-    def function_rst(name, sig):
-        return [
-            '',
-            f'.. py:function:: {name}({sig})',
-            '   :module: target.literal',
-            '',
-            '   docstring',
-            '',
-        ]
-
-    # autodoc_typehints_format can take 'short' or 'fully-qualified' values
-    # and this will be interpreted as 'smart' or 'fully-qualified-except-typing' by restify()
-    # and 'smart' or 'fully-qualified' by stringify_annotation().
-
-    options = {'members': None, 'exclude-members': 'MyEnum'}
-    app.config.autodoc_typehints_format = 'short'
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.literal', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.literal',
-        '',
-        *bounded_typevar_rst('T', r'\ :py:obj:`~typing.Literal`\ [1234]'),
-        *bounded_typevar_rst('U', r'\ :py:obj:`~typing.Literal`\ [:py:attr:`~target.literal.MyEnum.a`]'),
-        *function_rst('bar', 'x: ~typing.Literal[1234]'),
-        *function_rst('foo', 'x: ~typing.Literal[MyEnum.a]'),
-    ]
-
-    # restify() assumes that 'fully-qualified' is 'fully-qualified-except-typing'
-    # because it is more likely that a user wants to suppress 'typing.*'
-    app.config.autodoc_typehints_format = 'fully-qualified'
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.literal', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.literal',
-        '',
-        *bounded_typevar_rst('T', r'\ :py:obj:`~typing.Literal`\ [1234]'),
-        *bounded_typevar_rst('U', r'\ :py:obj:`~typing.Literal`\ [:py:attr:`target.literal.MyEnum.a`]'),
-        *function_rst('bar', 'x: typing.Literal[1234]'),
-        *function_rst('foo', 'x: typing.Literal[target.literal.MyEnum.a]'),
-    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_autoattribute.py b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_autoattribute.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 0424af0..0000000
--- a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_autoattribute.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,176 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the autodoc extension.
-
-This tests mainly the Documenters; the auto directives are tested in a test
-source file translated by test_build.
-"""
-
-import pytest
-
-from .test_ext_autodoc import do_autodoc
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autoattribute(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.Class.attr')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:attribute:: Class.attr',
-        '   :module: target',
-        "   :value: 'bar'",
-        '',
-        '   should be documented -- süß',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autoattribute_novalue(app):
-    options = {'no-value': None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.Class.attr', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:attribute:: Class.attr',
-        '   :module: target',
-        '',
-        '   should be documented -- süß',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autoattribute_typed_variable(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.typed_vars.Class.attr2')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:attribute:: Class.attr2',
-        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
-        '   :type: int',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autoattribute_typed_variable_in_alias(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.typed_vars.Alias.attr2')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:attribute:: Alias.attr2',
-        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
-        '   :type: int',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autoattribute_instance_variable(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.typed_vars.Class.attr4')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:attribute:: Class.attr4',
-        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
-        '   :type: int',
-        '',
-        '   attr4',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autoattribute_instance_variable_in_alias(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.typed_vars.Alias.attr4')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:attribute:: Alias.attr4',
-        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
-        '   :type: int',
-        '',
-        '   attr4',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autoattribute_instance_variable_without_comment(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.instance_variable.Bar.attr4')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:attribute:: Bar.attr4',
-        '   :module: target.instance_variable',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autoattribute_slots_variable_list(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.slots.Foo.attr')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:attribute:: Foo.attr',
-        '   :module: target.slots',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autoattribute_slots_variable_dict(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.slots.Bar.attr1')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:attribute:: Bar.attr1',
-        '   :module: target.slots',
-        '   :type: int',
-        '',
-        '   docstring of attr1',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autoattribute_slots_variable_str(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.slots.Baz.attr')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:attribute:: Baz.attr',
-        '   :module: target.slots',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autoattribute_GenericAlias(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.genericalias.Class.T')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:attribute:: Class.T',
-        '   :module: target.genericalias',
-        '',
-        '   A list of int',
-        '',
-        '   alias of :py:class:`~typing.List`\\ [:py:class:`int`]',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autoattribute_hide_value(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.hide_value.Foo.SENTINEL1')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:attribute:: Foo.SENTINEL1',
-        '   :module: target.hide_value',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '   :meta hide-value:',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.hide_value.Foo.SENTINEL2')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:attribute:: Foo.SENTINEL2',
-        '   :module: target.hide_value',
-        '',
-        '   :meta hide-value:',
-        '',
-    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_autoclass.py b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_autoclass.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 92c259a..0000000
--- a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_autoclass.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,517 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the autodoc extension.
-
-This tests mainly the Documenters; the auto directives are tested in a test
-source file translated by test_build.
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import typing
-from typing import Union
-
-import pytest
-
-from .test_ext_autodoc import do_autodoc
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_classes(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.classes.Foo')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: Foo()',
-        '   :module: target.classes',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.classes.Bar')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: Bar(x, y)',
-        '   :module: target.classes',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.classes.Baz')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: Baz(x, y)',
-        '   :module: target.classes',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.classes.Qux')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: Qux(foo, bar)',
-        '   :module: target.classes',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_instance_variable(app):
-    options = {'members': None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.instance_variable.Bar', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Bar()',
-        '   :module: target.instance_variable',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar.attr2',
-        '      :module: target.instance_variable',
-        '',
-        '      docstring bar',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar.attr3',
-        '      :module: target.instance_variable',
-        '',
-        '      docstring bar',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_inherited_instance_variable(app):
-    options = {'members': None,
-               'inherited-members': None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.instance_variable.Bar', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Bar()',
-        '   :module: target.instance_variable',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar.attr1',
-        '      :module: target.instance_variable',
-        '',
-        '      docstring foo',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar.attr2',
-        '      :module: target.instance_variable',
-        '',
-        '      docstring bar',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar.attr3',
-        '      :module: target.instance_variable',
-        '',
-        '      docstring bar',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_uninitialized_attributes(app):
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "inherited-members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.uninitialized_attributes.Derived', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Derived()',
-        '   :module: target.uninitialized_attributes',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr1',
-        '      :module: target.uninitialized_attributes',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '',
-        '      docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr3',
-        '      :module: target.uninitialized_attributes',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '',
-        '      docstring',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_undocumented_uninitialized_attributes(app):
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "inherited-members": None,
-               "undoc-members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.uninitialized_attributes.Derived', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Derived()',
-        '   :module: target.uninitialized_attributes',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr1',
-        '      :module: target.uninitialized_attributes',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '',
-        '      docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr2',
-        '      :module: target.uninitialized_attributes',
-        '      :type: str',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr3',
-        '      :module: target.uninitialized_attributes',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '',
-        '      docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr4',
-        '      :module: target.uninitialized_attributes',
-        '      :type: str',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-def test_decorators(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.decorator.Baz')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Baz(name=None, age=None)',
-        '   :module: target.decorator',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.decorator.Qux')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Qux(name=None, age=None)',
-        '   :module: target.decorator',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.decorator.Quux')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Quux(name=None, age=None)',
-        '   :module: target.decorator',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_properties(app):
-    options = {"members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.properties.Foo', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
-        '   :module: target.properties',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:property:: Foo.prop1',
-        '      :module: target.properties',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '',
-        '      docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:property:: Foo.prop1_with_type_comment',
-        '      :module: target.properties',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '',
-        '      docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:property:: Foo.prop2',
-        '      :module: target.properties',
-        '      :classmethod:',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '',
-        '      docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:property:: Foo.prop2_with_type_comment',
-        '      :module: target.properties',
-        '      :classmethod:',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '',
-        '      docstring',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_slots_attribute(app):
-    options = {"members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.slots.Bar', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Bar()',
-        '   :module: target.slots',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar.attr1',
-        '      :module: target.slots',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '',
-        '      docstring of attr1',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar.attr2',
-        '      :module: target.slots',
-        '',
-        '      docstring of instance attr2',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_show_inheritance_for_subclass_of_generic_type(app):
-    options = {'show-inheritance': None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.classes.Quux', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Quux(iterable=(), /)',
-        '   :module: target.classes',
-        '',
-        '   Bases: :py:class:`~typing.List`\\ '
-        '[:py:obj:`~typing.Union`\\ [:py:class:`int`, :py:class:`float`]]',
-        '',
-        '   A subclass of List[Union[int, float]]',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_show_inheritance_for_decendants_of_generic_type(app):
-    options = {'show-inheritance': None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.classes.Corge', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Corge(iterable=(), /)',
-        '   :module: target.classes',
-        '',
-        '   Bases: :py:class:`~target.classes.Quux`',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_process_bases(app):
-    def autodoc_process_bases(app, name, obj, options, bases):
-        assert name == 'target.classes.Quux'
-        assert obj.__module__ == 'target.classes'
-        assert obj.__name__ == 'Quux'
-        assert options == {'show-inheritance': True,
-                           'members': []}
-        assert bases == [typing.List[Union[int, float]]]  # NoQA: UP006
-
-        bases.pop()
-        bases.extend([int, str])
-
-    app.connect('autodoc-process-bases', autodoc_process_bases)
-
-    options = {'show-inheritance': None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.classes.Quux', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Quux(iterable=(), /)',
-        '   :module: target.classes',
-        '',
-        '   Bases: :py:class:`int`, :py:class:`str`',
-        '',
-        '   A subclass of List[Union[int, float]]',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_class_doc_from_class(app):
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "class-doc-from": "class"}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.autoclass_content.C', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: C()',
-        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
-        '',
-        '   A class having __init__, no __new__',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_class_doc_from_init(app):
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "class-doc-from": "init"}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.autoclass_content.C', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: C()',
-        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
-        '',
-        '   __init__ docstring',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_class_doc_from_both(app):
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "class-doc-from": "both"}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.autoclass_content.C', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: C()',
-        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
-        '',
-        '   A class having __init__, no __new__',
-        '',
-        '   __init__ docstring',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-def test_class_alias(app):
-    def autodoc_process_docstring(*args):
-        """A handler always raises an error.
-        This confirms this handler is never called for class aliases.
-        """
-        raise
-
-    app.connect('autodoc-process-docstring', autodoc_process_docstring)
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.classes.Alias')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:attribute:: Alias',
-        '   :module: target.classes',
-        '',
-        '   alias of :py:class:`~target.classes.Foo`',
-    ]
-
-
-def test_class_alias_having_doccomment(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.classes.OtherAlias')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:attribute:: OtherAlias',
-        '   :module: target.classes',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-def test_class_alias_for_imported_object_having_doccomment(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.classes.IntAlias')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:attribute:: IntAlias',
-        '   :module: target.classes',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_coroutine(app):
-    options = {"members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.coroutine.AsyncClass', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: AsyncClass()',
-        '   :module: target.coroutine',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: AsyncClass.do_asyncgen()',
-        '      :module: target.coroutine',
-        '      :async:',
-        '',
-        '      A documented async generator',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: AsyncClass.do_coroutine()',
-        '      :module: target.coroutine',
-        '      :async:',
-        '',
-        '      A documented coroutine function',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: AsyncClass.do_coroutine2()',
-        '      :module: target.coroutine',
-        '      :async:',
-        '      :classmethod:',
-        '',
-        '      A documented coroutine classmethod',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: AsyncClass.do_coroutine3()',
-        '      :module: target.coroutine',
-        '      :async:',
-        '      :staticmethod:',
-        '',
-        '      A documented coroutine staticmethod',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodata_NewType_module_level(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.typevar.T6')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: T6',
-        '   :module: target.typevar',
-        '',
-        '   T6',
-        '',
-        '   alias of :py:class:`~datetime.date`',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autoattribute_NewType_class_level(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.typevar.Class.T6')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Class.T6',
-        '   :module: target.typevar',
-        '',
-        '   T6',
-        '',
-        '   alias of :py:class:`~datetime.date`',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodata_TypeVar_class_level(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.typevar.T1')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: T1',
-        '   :module: target.typevar',
-        '',
-        '   T1',
-        '',
-        "   alias of TypeVar('T1')",
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autoattribute_TypeVar_module_level(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.typevar.Class.T1')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Class.T1',
-        '   :module: target.typevar',
-        '',
-        '   T1',
-        '',
-        "   alias of TypeVar('T1')",
-        '',
-    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_autodata.py b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_autodata.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 83647d9..0000000
--- a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_autodata.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the autodoc extension.
-
-This tests mainly the Documenters; the auto directives are tested in a test
-source file translated by test_build.
-"""
-
-import pytest
-
-from .test_ext_autodoc import do_autodoc
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodata(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'data', 'target.integer')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: integer',
-        '   :module: target',
-        '   :value: 1',
-        '',
-        '   documentation for the integer',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodata_novalue(app):
-    options = {'no-value': None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'data', 'target.integer', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: integer',
-        '   :module: target',
-        '',
-        '   documentation for the integer',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodata_typed_variable(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'data', 'target.typed_vars.attr2')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: attr2',
-        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
-        '   :type: str',
-        '',
-        '   attr2',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodata_type_comment(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'data', 'target.typed_vars.attr3')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: attr3',
-        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
-        '   :type: str',
-        "   :value: ''",
-        '',
-        '   attr3',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodata_GenericAlias(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'data', 'target.genericalias.T')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: T',
-        '   :module: target.genericalias',
-        '',
-        '   A list of int',
-        '',
-        '   alias of :py:class:`~typing.List`\\ [:py:class:`int`]',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodata_hide_value(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'data', 'target.hide_value.SENTINEL1')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: SENTINEL1',
-        '   :module: target.hide_value',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '   :meta hide-value:',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'data', 'target.hide_value.SENTINEL2')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: SENTINEL2',
-        '   :module: target.hide_value',
-        '',
-        '   :meta hide-value:',
-        '',
-    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_autofunction.py b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_autofunction.py
deleted file mode 100644
index b0cd7d9..0000000
--- a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_autofunction.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,201 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the autodoc extension.
-
-This tests mainly the Documenters; the auto directives are tested in a test
-source file translated by test_build.
-"""
-
-import pytest
-
-from .test_ext_autodoc import do_autodoc
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_classes(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.classes.Foo')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: Foo()',
-        '   :module: target.classes',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.classes.Bar')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: Bar(x, y)',
-        '   :module: target.classes',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.classes.Baz')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: Baz(x, y)',
-        '   :module: target.classes',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.classes.Qux')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: Qux(foo, bar)',
-        '   :module: target.classes',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_callable(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.callable.function')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: function(arg1, arg2, **kwargs)',
-        '   :module: target.callable',
-        '',
-        '   A callable object that behaves like a function.',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_method(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.callable.method')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: method(arg1, arg2)',
-        '   :module: target.callable',
-        '',
-        '   docstring of Callable.method().',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_builtin_function(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'os.umask')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: umask(mask, /)',
-        '   :module: os',
-        '',
-        '   Set the current numeric umask and return the previous umask.',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_methoddescriptor(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'builtins.int.__add__')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: __add__(self, value, /)',
-        '   :module: builtins.int',
-        '',
-        '   Return self+value.',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_decorated(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.decorator.foo')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: foo(name=None, age=None)',
-        '   :module: target.decorator',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_singledispatch(app):
-    options = {}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.singledispatch.func', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: func(arg, kwarg=None)',
-        '                 func(arg: float, kwarg=None)',
-        '                 func(arg: int, kwarg=None)',
-        '                 func(arg: str, kwarg=None)',
-        '                 func(arg: dict, kwarg=None)',
-        '   :module: target.singledispatch',
-        '',
-        '   A function for general use.',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_cfunction(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'time.asctime')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: asctime([tuple]) -> string',
-        '   :module: time',
-        '',
-        "   Convert a time tuple to a string, e.g. 'Sat Jun 06 16:26:11 1998'.",
-        '   When the time tuple is not present, current time as returned by localtime()',
-        '   is used.',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_wrapped_function(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.wrappedfunction.slow_function')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: slow_function(message, timeout)',
-        '   :module: target.wrappedfunction',
-        '',
-        '   This function is slow.',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_wrapped_function_contextmanager(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.wrappedfunction.feeling_good')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: feeling_good(x: int, y: int) -> ~typing.Generator',
-        '   :module: target.wrappedfunction',
-        '',
-        "   You'll feel better in this context!",
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_coroutine(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.functions.coroutinefunc')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: coroutinefunc()',
-        '   :module: target.functions',
-        '   :async:',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_synchronized_coroutine(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.coroutine.sync_func')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: sync_func()',
-        '   :module: target.coroutine',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_async_generator(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.functions.asyncgenerator')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: asyncgenerator()',
-        '   :module: target.functions',
-        '   :async:',
-        '',
-    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_automodule.py b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_automodule.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 2855020..0000000
--- a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_automodule.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,192 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the autodoc extension.
-
-This tests mainly the Documenters; the auto directives are tested in a test
-source file translated by test_build.
-"""
-
-import sys
-
-import pytest
-
-from .test_ext_autodoc import do_autodoc
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_empty_all(app):
-    options = {'members': None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.empty_all', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.empty_all',
-        '',
-        '   docsting of empty_all module.',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_automodule(app):
-    options = {'members': None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.module', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.module',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: annotated',
-        '   :module: target.module',
-        '   :type: int',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: documented',
-        '   :module: target.module',
-        '   :value: 1',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_automodule_undoc_members(app):
-    options = {'members': None,
-               'undoc-members': None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.module', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.module',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: annotated',
-        '   :module: target.module',
-        '   :type: int',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: documented',
-        '   :module: target.module',
-        '   :value: 1',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: undoc_annotated',
-        '   :module: target.module',
-        '   :type: int',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_automodule_special_members(app):
-    options = {'members': None,
-               'special-members': None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.module', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.module',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: __documented_special__',
-        '   :module: target.module',
-        '   :value: 1',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: annotated',
-        '   :module: target.module',
-        '   :type: int',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: documented',
-        '   :module: target.module',
-        '   :value: 1',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_automodule_inherited_members(app):
-    options = {'members': None,
-               'undoc-members': None,
-               'inherited-members': 'Base, list'}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.inheritance', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.inheritance',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Base()',
-        '   :module: target.inheritance',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Base.inheritedattr',
-        '      :module: target.inheritance',
-        '      :value: None',
-        '',
-        '      docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
-        '      :module: target.inheritance',
-        '      :classmethod:',
-        '',
-        '      Inherited class method.',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedmeth()',
-        '      :module: target.inheritance',
-        '',
-        '      Inherited function.',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
-        '      :module: target.inheritance',
-        '      :staticmethod:',
-        '',
-        '      Inherited static method.',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Derived()',
-        '   :module: target.inheritance',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Derived.inheritedmeth()',
-        '      :module: target.inheritance',
-        '',
-        '      Inherited function.',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: MyList(iterable=(), /)',
-        '   :module: target.inheritance',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: MyList.meth()',
-        '      :module: target.inheritance',
-        '',
-        '      docstring',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc',
-                    confoverrides={'autodoc_mock_imports': ['missing_module',
-                                                            'missing_package1',
-                                                            'missing_package2',
-                                                            'missing_package3',
-                                                            'sphinx.missing_module4']})
-@pytest.mark.usefixtures("rollback_sysmodules")
-def test_subclass_of_mocked_object(app):
-    sys.modules.pop('target', None)  # unload target module to clear the module cache
-
-    options = {'members': None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.need_mocks', options)
-    assert '.. py:class:: Inherited(*args: ~typing.Any, **kwargs: ~typing.Any)' in actual
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_autoproperty.py b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_autoproperty.py
deleted file mode 100644
index ca8b981..0000000
--- a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_autoproperty.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the autodoc extension.
-
-This tests mainly the Documenters; the auto directives are tested in a test
-source file translated by test_build.
-"""
-
-import pytest
-
-from .test_ext_autodoc import do_autodoc
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_properties(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'property', 'target.properties.Foo.prop1')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:property:: Foo.prop1',
-        '   :module: target.properties',
-        '   :type: int',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_class_properties(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'property', 'target.properties.Foo.prop2')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:property:: Foo.prop2',
-        '   :module: target.properties',
-        '   :classmethod:',
-        '   :type: int',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_properties_with_type_comment(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'property', 'target.properties.Foo.prop1_with_type_comment')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:property:: Foo.prop1_with_type_comment',
-        '   :module: target.properties',
-        '   :type: int',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_class_properties_with_type_comment(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'property', 'target.properties.Foo.prop2_with_type_comment')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:property:: Foo.prop2_with_type_comment',
-        '   :module: target.properties',
-        '   :classmethod:',
-        '   :type: int',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_cached_properties(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'property', 'target.cached_property.Foo.prop')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:property:: Foo.prop',
-        '   :module: target.cached_property',
-        '   :type: int',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_cached_properties_with_type_comment(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'property', 'target.cached_property.Foo.prop_with_type_comment')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:property:: Foo.prop_with_type_comment',
-        '   :module: target.cached_property',
-        '   :type: int',
-        '',
-    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_configs.py b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_configs.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 45bc729..0000000
--- a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_configs.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1727 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the autodoc extension.  This tests mainly for config variables"""
-
-import platform
-import sys
-from contextlib import contextmanager
-
-import pytest
-
-from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
-
-from .test_ext_autodoc import do_autodoc
-
-IS_PYPY = platform.python_implementation() == 'PyPy'
-
-
-@contextmanager
-def overwrite_file(path, content):
-    current_content = path.read_bytes() if path.exists() else None
-    try:
-        path.write_text(content, encoding='utf-8')
-        yield
-    finally:
-        if current_content is not None:
-            path.write_bytes(current_content)
-        else:
-            path.unlink()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autoclass_content_class(app):
-    app.config.autoclass_content = 'class'
-    options = {"members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.autoclass_content', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.autoclass_content',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: A()',
-        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
-        '',
-        '   A class having no __init__, no __new__',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: B()',
-        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
-        '',
-        '   A class having __init__(no docstring), no __new__',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: C()',
-        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
-        '',
-        '   A class having __init__, no __new__',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: D()',
-        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
-        '',
-        '   A class having no __init__, __new__(no docstring)',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: E()',
-        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
-        '',
-        '   A class having no __init__, __new__',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: F()',
-        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
-        '',
-        '   A class having both __init__ and __new__',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: G()',
-        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
-        '',
-        '   A class inherits __init__ without docstring.',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: H()',
-        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
-        '',
-        '   A class inherits __new__ without docstring.',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autoclass_content_init(app):
-    app.config.autoclass_content = 'init'
-    options = {"members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.autoclass_content', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.autoclass_content',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: A()',
-        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
-        '',
-        '   A class having no __init__, no __new__',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: B()',
-        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
-        '',
-        '   A class having __init__(no docstring), no __new__',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: C()',
-        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
-        '',
-        '   __init__ docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: D()',
-        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
-        '',
-        '   A class having no __init__, __new__(no docstring)',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: E()',
-        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
-        '',
-        '   __new__ docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: F()',
-        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
-        '',
-        '   __init__ docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: G()',
-        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
-        '',
-        '   __init__ docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: H()',
-        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
-        '',
-        '   __new__ docstring',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_class_signature_mixed(app):
-    app.config.autodoc_class_signature = 'mixed'
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "undoc-members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.classes.Bar', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Bar(x, y)',
-        '   :module: target.classes',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_class_signature_separated_init(app):
-    app.config.autodoc_class_signature = 'separated'
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "undoc-members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.classes.Bar', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Bar',
-        '   :module: target.classes',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Bar.__init__(x, y)',
-        '      :module: target.classes',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_class_signature_separated_new(app):
-    app.config.autodoc_class_signature = 'separated'
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "undoc-members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.classes.Baz', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Baz',
-        '   :module: target.classes',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Baz.__new__(cls, x, y)',
-        '      :module: target.classes',
-        '      :staticmethod:',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autoclass_content_both(app):
-    app.config.autoclass_content = 'both'
-    options = {"members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.autoclass_content', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.autoclass_content',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: A()',
-        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
-        '',
-        '   A class having no __init__, no __new__',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: B()',
-        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
-        '',
-        '   A class having __init__(no docstring), no __new__',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: C()',
-        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
-        '',
-        '   A class having __init__, no __new__',
-        '',
-        '   __init__ docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: D()',
-        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
-        '',
-        '   A class having no __init__, __new__(no docstring)',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: E()',
-        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
-        '',
-        '   A class having no __init__, __new__',
-        '',
-        '   __new__ docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: F()',
-        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
-        '',
-        '   A class having both __init__ and __new__',
-        '',
-        '   __init__ docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: G()',
-        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
-        '',
-        '   A class inherits __init__ without docstring.',
-        '',
-        '   __init__ docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: H()',
-        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
-        '',
-        '   A class inherits __new__ without docstring.',
-        '',
-        '   __new__ docstring',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_inherit_docstrings(app):
-    assert app.config.autodoc_inherit_docstrings is True  # default
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'target.inheritance.Derived.inheritedmeth')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:method:: Derived.inheritedmeth()',
-        '   :module: target.inheritance',
-        '',
-        '   Inherited function.',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-    # disable autodoc_inherit_docstrings
-    app.config.autodoc_inherit_docstrings = False
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'target.inheritance.Derived.inheritedmeth')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:method:: Derived.inheritedmeth()',
-        '   :module: target.inheritance',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_inherit_docstrings_for_inherited_members(app):
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "inherited-members": None}
-
-    assert app.config.autodoc_inherit_docstrings is True  # default
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Derived', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Derived()',
-        '   :module: target.inheritance',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.inheritedattr',
-        '      :module: target.inheritance',
-        '      :value: None',
-        '',
-        '      docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Derived.inheritedclassmeth()',
-        '      :module: target.inheritance',
-        '      :classmethod:',
-        '',
-        '      Inherited class method.',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Derived.inheritedmeth()',
-        '      :module: target.inheritance',
-        '',
-        '      Inherited function.',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Derived.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
-        '      :module: target.inheritance',
-        '      :staticmethod:',
-        '',
-        '      Inherited static method.',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-    # disable autodoc_inherit_docstrings
-    app.config.autodoc_inherit_docstrings = False
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Derived', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Derived()',
-        '   :module: target.inheritance',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Derived.inheritedclassmeth()',
-        '      :module: target.inheritance',
-        '      :classmethod:',
-        '',
-        '      Inherited class method.',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Derived.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
-        '      :module: target.inheritance',
-        '      :staticmethod:',
-        '',
-        '      Inherited static method.',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_docstring_signature(app):
-    options = {"members": None, "special-members": "__init__, __new__"}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.DocstringSig', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        # FIXME: Ideally this would instead be: `DocstringSig(d, e=1)` but
-        # currently `ClassDocumenter` does not apply the docstring signature
-        # logic when extracting a signature from a __new__ or __init__ method.
-        '.. py:class:: DocstringSig(*new_args, **new_kwargs)',
-        '   :module: target',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: DocstringSig.__init__(self, a, b=1) -> None',
-        '      :module: target',
-        '',
-        '      First line of docstring',
-        '',
-        '      rest of docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: DocstringSig.__new__(cls, d, e=1) -> DocstringSig',
-        '      :module: target',
-        '      :staticmethod:',
-        '',
-        '      First line of docstring',
-        '',
-        '      rest of docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: DocstringSig.meth(FOO, BAR=1) -> BAZ',
-        '      :module: target',
-        '',
-        '      First line of docstring',
-        '',
-        '      rest of docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: DocstringSig.meth2()',
-        '      :module: target',
-        '',
-        '      First line, no signature',
-        '      Second line followed by indentation::',
-        '',
-        '          indented line',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:property:: DocstringSig.prop1',
-        '      :module: target',
-        '',
-        '      First line of docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:property:: DocstringSig.prop2',
-        '      :module: target',
-        '',
-        '      First line of docstring',
-        '      Second line of docstring',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-    # disable autodoc_docstring_signature
-    app.config.autodoc_docstring_signature = False
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.DocstringSig', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: DocstringSig(*new_args, **new_kwargs)',
-        '   :module: target',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: DocstringSig.__init__(*init_args, **init_kwargs)',
-        '      :module: target',
-        '',
-        '      __init__(self, a, b=1) -> None',
-        '      First line of docstring',
-        '',
-        '              rest of docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: DocstringSig.__new__(cls, *new_args, **new_kwargs)',
-        '      :module: target',
-        '      :staticmethod:',
-        '',
-        '      __new__(cls, d, e=1) -> DocstringSig',
-        '      First line of docstring',
-        '',
-        '              rest of docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: DocstringSig.meth()',
-        '      :module: target',
-        '',
-        '      meth(FOO, BAR=1) -> BAZ',
-        '      First line of docstring',
-        '',
-        '              rest of docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: DocstringSig.meth2()',
-        '      :module: target',
-        '',
-        '      First line, no signature',
-        '      Second line followed by indentation::',
-        '',
-        '          indented line',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:property:: DocstringSig.prop1',
-        '      :module: target',
-        '',
-        '      DocstringSig.prop1(self)',
-        '      First line of docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:property:: DocstringSig.prop2',
-        '      :module: target',
-        '',
-        '      First line of docstring',
-        '      Second line of docstring',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autoclass_content_and_docstring_signature_class(app):
-    app.config.autoclass_content = 'class'
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "undoc-members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.docstring_signature', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.docstring_signature',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: A(foo, bar)',
-        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: B(foo, bar)',
-        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: C(foo, bar)',
-        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: D()',
-        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: E()',
-        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: F()',
-        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autoclass_content_and_docstring_signature_init(app):
-    app.config.autoclass_content = 'init'
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "undoc-members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.docstring_signature', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.docstring_signature',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: A(foo, bar)',
-        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: B(foo, bar, baz)',
-        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: C(foo, bar, baz)',
-        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: D(foo, bar, baz)',
-        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: E(foo: int, bar: int, baz: int)',
-        '              E(foo: str, bar: str, baz: str)',
-        '              E(foo: float, bar: float, baz: float)',
-        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: F(foo: int, bar: int, baz: int)',
-        '              F(foo: str, bar: str, baz: str)',
-        '              F(foo: float, bar: float, baz: float)',
-        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autoclass_content_and_docstring_signature_both(app):
-    app.config.autoclass_content = 'both'
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "undoc-members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.docstring_signature', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.docstring_signature',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: A(foo, bar)',
-        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: B(foo, bar)',
-        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
-        '',
-        '   B(foo, bar, baz)',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: C(foo, bar)',
-        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
-        '',
-        '   C(foo, bar, baz)',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: D(foo, bar, baz)',
-        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: E(foo: int, bar: int, baz: int)',
-        '              E(foo: str, bar: str, baz: str)',
-        '              E(foo: float, bar: float, baz: float)',
-        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: F(foo: int, bar: int, baz: int)',
-        '              F(foo: str, bar: str, baz: str)',
-        '              F(foo: float, bar: float, baz: float)',
-        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-@pytest.mark.usefixtures("rollback_sysmodules")
-def test_mocked_module_imports(app, warning):
-    sys.modules.pop('target', None)  # unload target module to clear the module cache
-
-    # no autodoc_mock_imports
-    options = {"members": 'TestAutodoc,decoratedFunction,func,Alias'}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.need_mocks', options)
-    assert list(actual) == []
-    assert "autodoc: failed to import module 'need_mocks'" in warning.getvalue()
-
-    # with autodoc_mock_imports
-    app.config.autodoc_mock_imports = [
-        'missing_module',
-        'missing_package1',
-        'missing_package2',
-        'missing_package3',
-        'sphinx.missing_module4',
-    ]
-
-    warning.truncate(0)
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.need_mocks', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.need_mocks',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: Alias',
-        '   :module: target.need_mocks',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: TestAutodoc()',
-        '   :module: target.need_mocks',
-        '',
-        '   TestAutodoc docstring.',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: TestAutodoc.Alias',
-        '      :module: target.need_mocks',
-        '',
-        '      docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: TestAutodoc.decoratedMethod()',
-        '      :module: target.need_mocks',
-        '',
-        '      TestAutodoc::decoratedMethod docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: decoratedFunction()',
-        '   :module: target.need_mocks',
-        '',
-        '   decoratedFunction docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: func(arg: missing_module.Class)',
-        '   :module: target.need_mocks',
-        '',
-        '   a function takes mocked object as an argument',
-        '',
-    ]
-    assert warning.getvalue() == ''
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc',
-                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': "signature"})
-def test_autodoc_typehints_signature(app):
-    if sys.version_info[:2] <= (3, 10):
-        type_o = "~typing.Any | None"
-    else:
-        type_o = "~typing.Any"
-
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "undoc-members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.typehints', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: CONST1',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '   :type: int',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: CONST2',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '   :type: int',
-        '   :value: 1',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: CONST3',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '   :type: ~pathlib.PurePosixPath',
-        "   :value: PurePosixPath('/a/b/c')",
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Math(s: str, o: %s = None)' % type_o,
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Math.CONST1',
-        '      :module: target.typehints',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Math.CONST2',
-        '      :module: target.typehints',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '      :value: 1',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Math.CONST3',
-        '      :module: target.typehints',
-        '      :type: ~pathlib.PurePosixPath',
-        "      :value: PurePosixPath('/a/b/c')",
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Math.decr(a: int, b: int = 1) -> int',
-        '      :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Math.horse(a: str, b: int) -> None',
-        '      :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Math.incr(a: int, b: int = 1) -> int',
-        '      :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Math.nothing() -> None',
-        '      :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:property:: Math.path',
-        '      :module: target.typehints',
-        '      :type: ~pathlib.PurePosixPath',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:property:: Math.prop',
-        '      :module: target.typehints',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: NewAnnotation(i: int)',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: NewComment(i: int)',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: SignatureFromMetaclass(a: int)',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: T',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        "   alias of TypeVar('T', bound=\\ :py:class:`~pathlib.PurePosixPath`)",
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: complex_func(arg1: str, arg2: List[int], arg3: Tuple[int, '
-        'Union[str, Unknown]] = None, *args: str, **kwargs: str) -> None',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: decr(a: int, b: int = 1) -> int',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: incr(a: int, b: int = 1) -> int',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: missing_attr(c, a: str, b: Optional[str] = None) -> str',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: tuple_args(x: tuple[int, int | str]) -> tuple[int, int]',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc',
-                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': "none"})
-def test_autodoc_typehints_none(app):
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "undoc-members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.typehints', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: CONST1',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: CONST2',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '   :value: 1',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: CONST3',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        "   :value: PurePosixPath('/a/b/c')",
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Math(s, o=None)',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Math.CONST1',
-        '      :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Math.CONST2',
-        '      :module: target.typehints',
-        '      :value: 1',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Math.CONST3',
-        '      :module: target.typehints',
-        "      :value: PurePosixPath('/a/b/c')",
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Math.decr(a, b=1)',
-        '      :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Math.horse(a, b)',
-        '      :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Math.incr(a, b=1)',
-        '      :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Math.nothing()',
-        '      :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:property:: Math.path',
-        '      :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:property:: Math.prop',
-        '      :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: NewAnnotation(i)',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: NewComment(i)',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: SignatureFromMetaclass(a)',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: T',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        "   alias of TypeVar('T', bound=\\ :py:class:`~pathlib.PurePosixPath`)",
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: complex_func(arg1, arg2, arg3=None, *args, **kwargs)',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: decr(a, b=1)',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: incr(a, b=1)',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: missing_attr(c, a, b=None)',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: tuple_args(x)',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc',
-                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': 'none'})
-def test_autodoc_typehints_none_for_overload(app):
-    options = {"members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.overload', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.overload',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Bar(x, y)',
-        '   :module: target.overload',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Baz(x, y)',
-        '   :module: target.overload',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Foo(x, y)',
-        '   :module: target.overload',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Math()',
-        '   :module: target.overload',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Math.sum(x, y=None)',
-        '      :module: target.overload',
-        '',
-        '      docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: sum(x, y=None)',
-        '   :module: target.overload',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-autodoc',
-                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': "description"},
-                    freshenv=True)
-def test_autodoc_typehints_description(app):
-    app.build()
-    context = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('target.typehints.incr(a, b=1)\n'
-            '\n'
-            '   Parameters:\n'
-            '      * **a** (*int*) --\n'
-            '\n'
-            '      * **b** (*int*) --\n'
-            '\n'
-            '   Return type:\n'
-            '      int\n'
-            in context)
-    assert ('target.typehints.tuple_args(x)\n'
-            '\n'
-            '   Parameters:\n'
-            '      **x** (*tuple**[**int**, **int** | **str**]*) --\n'
-            '\n'
-            '   Return type:\n'
-            '      tuple[int, int]\n'
-            in context)
-
-    # Overloads still get displayed in the signature
-    assert ('target.overload.sum(x: int, y: int = 0) -> int\n'
-            'target.overload.sum(x: float, y: float = 0.0) -> float\n'
-            'target.overload.sum(x: str, y: str = None) -> str\n'
-            '\n'
-            '   docstring\n'
-            in context)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-autodoc',
-                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': "description",
-                                   'autodoc_typehints_description_target': 'documented'})
-def test_autodoc_typehints_description_no_undoc(app):
-    # No :type: or :rtype: will be injected for `incr`, which does not have
-    # a description for its parameters or its return. `tuple_args` does
-    # describe them, so :type: and :rtype: will be added.
-    with overwrite_file(app.srcdir / 'index.rst',
-                        '.. autofunction:: target.typehints.incr\n'
-                        '\n'
-                        '.. autofunction:: target.typehints.decr\n'
-                        '\n'
-                        '   :returns: decremented number\n'
-                        '\n'
-                        '.. autofunction:: target.typehints.tuple_args\n'
-                        '\n'
-                        '   :param x: arg\n'
-                        '   :return: another tuple\n'):
-        app.build()
-    # Restore the original content of the file
-    context = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('target.typehints.incr(a, b=1)\n'
-            '\n'
-            'target.typehints.decr(a, b=1)\n'
-            '\n'
-            '   Returns:\n'
-            '      decremented number\n'
-            '\n'
-            '   Return type:\n'
-            '      int\n'
-            '\n'
-            'target.typehints.tuple_args(x)\n'
-            '\n'
-            '   Parameters:\n'
-            '      **x** (*tuple**[**int**, **int** | **str**]*) -- arg\n'
-            '\n'
-            '   Returns:\n'
-            '      another tuple\n'
-            '\n'
-            '   Return type:\n'
-            '      tuple[int, int]\n'
-            in context)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-autodoc',
-                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': "description",
-                                   'autodoc_typehints_description_target': 'documented_params'})
-def test_autodoc_typehints_description_no_undoc_doc_rtype(app):
-    # No :type: will be injected for `incr`, which does not have a description
-    # for its parameters or its return, just :rtype: will be injected due to
-    # autodoc_typehints_description_target. `tuple_args` does describe both, so
-    # :type: and :rtype: will be added. `nothing` has no parameters but a return
-    # type of None, which will be added.
-    with overwrite_file(app.srcdir / 'index.rst',
-                        '.. autofunction:: target.typehints.incr\n'
-                        '\n'
-                        '.. autofunction:: target.typehints.decr\n'
-                        '\n'
-                        '   :returns: decremented number\n'
-                        '\n'
-                        '.. autofunction:: target.typehints.tuple_args\n'
-                        '\n'
-                        '   :param x: arg\n'
-                        '   :return: another tuple\n'
-                        '\n'
-                        '.. autofunction:: target.typehints.Math.nothing\n'
-                        '\n'
-                        '.. autofunction:: target.typehints.Math.horse\n'
-                        '\n'
-                        '   :return: nothing\n'):
-        app.build()
-    context = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert context == (
-        'target.typehints.incr(a, b=1)\n'
-        '\n'
-        '   Return type:\n'
-        '      int\n'
-        '\n'
-        'target.typehints.decr(a, b=1)\n'
-        '\n'
-        '   Returns:\n'
-        '      decremented number\n'
-        '\n'
-        '   Return type:\n'
-        '      int\n'
-        '\n'
-        'target.typehints.tuple_args(x)\n'
-        '\n'
-        '   Parameters:\n'
-        '      **x** (*tuple**[**int**, **int** | **str**]*) -- arg\n'
-        '\n'
-        '   Returns:\n'
-        '      another tuple\n'
-        '\n'
-        '   Return type:\n'
-        '      tuple[int, int]\n'
-        '\n'
-        'target.typehints.Math.nothing(self)\n'
-        '\n'
-        'target.typehints.Math.horse(self, a, b)\n'
-        '\n'
-        '   Returns:\n'
-        '      nothing\n'
-        '\n'
-        '   Return type:\n'
-        '      None\n'
-    )
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-autodoc',
-                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': "description"})
-def test_autodoc_typehints_description_with_documented_init(app):
-    with overwrite_file(app.srcdir / 'index.rst',
-                        '.. autoclass:: target.typehints._ClassWithDocumentedInit\n'
-                        '   :special-members: __init__\n'):
-        app.build()
-    context = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert context == (
-        'class target.typehints._ClassWithDocumentedInit(x, *args, **kwargs)\n'
-        '\n'
-        '   Class docstring.\n'
-        '\n'
-        '   Parameters:\n'
-        '      * **x** (*int*) --\n'
-        '\n'
-        '      * **args** (*int*) --\n'
-        '\n'
-        '      * **kwargs** (*int*) --\n'
-        '\n'
-        '   __init__(x, *args, **kwargs)\n'
-        '\n'
-        '      Init docstring.\n'
-        '\n'
-        '      Parameters:\n'
-        '         * **x** (*int*) -- Some integer\n'
-        '\n'
-        '         * **args** (*int*) -- Some integer\n'
-        '\n'
-        '         * **kwargs** (*int*) -- Some integer\n'
-        '\n'
-        '      Return type:\n'
-        '         None\n'
-    )
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-autodoc',
-                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': "description",
-                                   'autodoc_typehints_description_target': 'documented'})
-def test_autodoc_typehints_description_with_documented_init_no_undoc(app):
-    with overwrite_file(app.srcdir / 'index.rst',
-                        '.. autoclass:: target.typehints._ClassWithDocumentedInit\n'
-                        '   :special-members: __init__\n'):
-        app.build()
-    context = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert context == (
-        'class target.typehints._ClassWithDocumentedInit(x, *args, **kwargs)\n'
-        '\n'
-        '   Class docstring.\n'
-        '\n'
-        '   __init__(x, *args, **kwargs)\n'
-        '\n'
-        '      Init docstring.\n'
-        '\n'
-        '      Parameters:\n'
-        '         * **x** (*int*) -- Some integer\n'
-        '\n'
-        '         * **args** (*int*) -- Some integer\n'
-        '\n'
-        '         * **kwargs** (*int*) -- Some integer\n'
-    )
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-autodoc',
-                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': "description",
-                                   'autodoc_typehints_description_target': 'documented_params'})
-def test_autodoc_typehints_description_with_documented_init_no_undoc_doc_rtype(app):
-    # see test_autodoc_typehints_description_with_documented_init_no_undoc
-    # returnvalue_and_documented_params should not change class or method
-    # docstring.
-    with overwrite_file(app.srcdir / 'index.rst',
-                        '.. autoclass:: target.typehints._ClassWithDocumentedInit\n'
-                        '   :special-members: __init__\n'):
-        app.build()
-    context = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert context == (
-        'class target.typehints._ClassWithDocumentedInit(x, *args, **kwargs)\n'
-        '\n'
-        '   Class docstring.\n'
-        '\n'
-        '   __init__(x, *args, **kwargs)\n'
-        '\n'
-        '      Init docstring.\n'
-        '\n'
-        '      Parameters:\n'
-        '         * **x** (*int*) -- Some integer\n'
-        '\n'
-        '         * **args** (*int*) -- Some integer\n'
-        '\n'
-        '         * **kwargs** (*int*) -- Some integer\n'
-    )
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-autodoc',
-                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': "description"})
-def test_autodoc_typehints_description_for_invalid_node(app):
-    text = ".. py:function:: hello; world"
-    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)  # raises no error
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-autodoc',
-                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': "both"})
-def test_autodoc_typehints_both(app):
-    with overwrite_file(app.srcdir / 'index.rst',
-                        '.. autofunction:: target.typehints.incr\n'
-                        '\n'
-                        '.. autofunction:: target.typehints.tuple_args\n'
-                        '\n'
-                        '.. autofunction:: target.overload.sum\n'):
-        app.build()
-    context = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('target.typehints.incr(a: int, b: int = 1) -> int\n'
-            '\n'
-            '   Parameters:\n'
-            '      * **a** (*int*) --\n'
-            '\n'
-            '      * **b** (*int*) --\n'
-            '\n'
-            '   Return type:\n'
-            '      int\n'
-            in context)
-    assert ('target.typehints.tuple_args(x: tuple[int, int | str]) -> tuple[int, int]\n'
-            '\n'
-            '   Parameters:\n'
-            '      **x** (*tuple**[**int**, **int** | **str**]*) --\n'
-            '\n'
-            '   Return type:\n'
-            '      tuple[int, int]\n'
-            in context)
-
-    # Overloads still get displayed in the signature
-    assert ('target.overload.sum(x: int, y: int = 0) -> int\n'
-            'target.overload.sum(x: float, y: float = 0.0) -> float\n'
-            'target.overload.sum(x: str, y: str = None) -> str\n'
-            '\n'
-            '   docstring\n'
-            in context)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_type_aliases(app):
-    # default
-    options = {"members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.autodoc_type_aliases', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
-        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.attr1',
-        '      :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '',
-        '      docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.attr2',
-        '      :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '',
-        '      docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: mult(x: int, y: int) -> int',
-        '                 mult(x: float, y: float) -> float',
-        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: read(r: ~_io.BytesIO) -> ~_io.StringIO',
-        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: sum(x: int, y: int) -> int',
-        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: variable',
-        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
-        '   :type: int',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: variable2',
-        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
-        '   :type: int',
-        '   :value: None',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: variable3',
-        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
-        '   :type: int | None',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-    # define aliases
-    app.config.autodoc_type_aliases = {'myint': 'myint',
-                                       'io.StringIO': 'my.module.StringIO'}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.autodoc_type_aliases', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
-        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.attr1',
-        '      :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
-        '      :type: myint',
-        '',
-        '      docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.attr2',
-        '      :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
-        '      :type: myint',
-        '',
-        '      docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: mult(x: myint, y: myint) -> myint',
-        '                 mult(x: float, y: float) -> float',
-        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: read(r: ~_io.BytesIO) -> my.module.StringIO',
-        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: sum(x: myint, y: myint) -> myint',
-        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: variable',
-        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
-        '   :type: myint',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: variable2',
-        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
-        '   :type: myint',
-        '   :value: None',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: variable3',
-        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
-        '   :type: myint | None',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-autodoc',
-                    srcdir='autodoc_typehints_description_and_type_aliases',
-                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': "description",
-                                   'autodoc_type_aliases': {'myint': 'myint'}})
-def test_autodoc_typehints_description_and_type_aliases(app):
-    with overwrite_file(app.srcdir / 'autodoc_type_aliases.rst',
-                        '.. autofunction:: target.autodoc_type_aliases.sum'):
-        app.build()
-    context = (app.outdir / 'autodoc_type_aliases.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert context == (
-        'target.autodoc_type_aliases.sum(x, y)\n'
-        '\n'
-        '   docstring\n'
-        '\n'
-        '   Parameters:\n'
-        '      * **x** (*myint*) --\n'
-        '\n'
-        '      * **y** (*myint*) --\n'
-        '\n'
-        '   Return type:\n'
-        '      myint\n'
-    )
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc',
-                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints_format': "fully-qualified"})
-def test_autodoc_typehints_format_fully_qualified(app):
-    if sys.version_info[:2] <= (3, 10):
-        type_o = "typing.Any | None"
-    else:
-        type_o = "typing.Any"
-
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "undoc-members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.typehints', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: CONST1',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '   :type: int',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: CONST2',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '   :type: int',
-        '   :value: 1',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: CONST3',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '   :type: pathlib.PurePosixPath',
-        "   :value: PurePosixPath('/a/b/c')",
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Math(s: str, o: %s = None)' % type_o,
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Math.CONST1',
-        '      :module: target.typehints',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Math.CONST2',
-        '      :module: target.typehints',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '      :value: 1',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Math.CONST3',
-        '      :module: target.typehints',
-        '      :type: pathlib.PurePosixPath',
-        "      :value: PurePosixPath('/a/b/c')",
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Math.decr(a: int, b: int = 1) -> int',
-        '      :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Math.horse(a: str, b: int) -> None',
-        '      :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Math.incr(a: int, b: int = 1) -> int',
-        '      :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Math.nothing() -> None',
-        '      :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:property:: Math.path',
-        '      :module: target.typehints',
-        '      :type: pathlib.PurePosixPath',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:property:: Math.prop',
-        '      :module: target.typehints',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: NewAnnotation(i: int)',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: NewComment(i: int)',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: SignatureFromMetaclass(a: int)',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: T',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        "   alias of TypeVar('T', bound=\\ :py:class:`pathlib.PurePosixPath`)",
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: complex_func(arg1: str, arg2: List[int], arg3: Tuple[int, '
-        'Union[str, Unknown]] = None, *args: str, **kwargs: str) -> None',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: decr(a: int, b: int = 1) -> int',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: incr(a: int, b: int = 1) -> int',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: missing_attr(c, a: str, b: Optional[str] = None) -> str',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: tuple_args(x: tuple[int, int | str]) -> tuple[int, int]',
-        '   :module: target.typehints',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc',
-                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints_format': "fully-qualified"})
-def test_autodoc_typehints_format_fully_qualified_for_class_alias(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.classes.Alias')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:attribute:: Alias',
-        '   :module: target.classes',
-        '',
-        '   alias of :py:class:`target.classes.Foo`',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc',
-                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints_format': "fully-qualified"})
-def test_autodoc_typehints_format_fully_qualified_for_generic_alias(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'data', 'target.genericalias.L')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: L',
-        '   :module: target.genericalias',
-        '',
-        '   A list of Class',
-        '',
-        '   alias of :py:class:`~typing.List`\\ [:py:class:`target.genericalias.Class`]',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc',
-                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints_format': "fully-qualified"})
-def test_autodoc_typehints_format_fully_qualified_for_newtype_alias(app):
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.typevar.T6')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: T6',
-        '   :module: target.typevar',
-        '',
-        '   T6',
-        '',
-        '   alias of :py:class:`datetime.date`',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_default_options(app):
-    # no settings
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.enums.EnumCls')
-    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val1' not in actual
-    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val4' not in actual
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.CustomIter')
-    assert '   .. py:method:: target.CustomIter' not in actual
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target')
-    assert '.. py:function:: function_to_be_imported(app)' not in actual
-
-    # with :members:
-    app.config.autodoc_default_options = {'members': None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.enums.EnumCls')
-    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val1' in actual
-    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val4' not in actual
-
-    # with :members: = True
-    app.config.autodoc_default_options = {'members': None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.enums.EnumCls')
-    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val1' in actual
-    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val4' not in actual
-
-    # with :members: and :undoc-members:
-    app.config.autodoc_default_options = {
-        'members': None,
-        'undoc-members': None,
-    }
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.enums.EnumCls')
-    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val1' in actual
-    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val4' in actual
-
-    # with :special-members:
-    # Note that :members: must be *on* for :special-members: to work.
-    app.config.autodoc_default_options = {
-        'members': None,
-        'special-members': None,
-    }
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.CustomIter')
-    assert '   .. py:method:: CustomIter.__init__()' in actual
-    assert '      Create a new `CustomIter`.' in actual
-    assert '   .. py:method:: CustomIter.__iter__()' in actual
-    assert '      Iterate squares of each value.' in actual
-    if not IS_PYPY:
-        assert '   .. py:attribute:: CustomIter.__weakref__' in actual
-        assert '      list of weak references to the object (if defined)' in actual
-
-    # :exclude-members: None - has no effect. Unlike :members:,
-    # :special-members:, etc. where None == "include all", here None means
-    # "no/false/off".
-    app.config.autodoc_default_options = {
-        'members': None,
-        'exclude-members': None,
-    }
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.enums.EnumCls')
-    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val1' in actual
-    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val4' not in actual
-    app.config.autodoc_default_options = {
-        'members': None,
-        'special-members': None,
-        'exclude-members': None,
-    }
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.CustomIter')
-    assert '   .. py:method:: CustomIter.__init__()' in actual
-    assert '      Create a new `CustomIter`.' in actual
-    assert '   .. py:method:: CustomIter.__iter__()' in actual
-    assert '      Iterate squares of each value.' in actual
-    if not IS_PYPY:
-        assert '   .. py:attribute:: CustomIter.__weakref__' in actual
-        assert '      list of weak references to the object (if defined)' in actual
-    assert '   .. py:method:: CustomIter.snafucate()' in actual
-    assert '      Makes this snafucated.' in actual
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_autodoc_default_options_with_values(app):
-    # with :members:
-    app.config.autodoc_default_options = {'members': 'val1,val2'}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.enums.EnumCls')
-    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val1' in actual
-    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val2' in actual
-    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val3' not in actual
-    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val4' not in actual
-
-    # with :member-order:
-    app.config.autodoc_default_options = {
-        'members': None,
-        'member-order': 'bysource',
-    }
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class')
-    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
-        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.skipmeth()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.excludemeth()',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.docattr',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.udocattr',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.mdocattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.moore(a, e, f) -> happiness',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_inline',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_comment',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_string',
-    ]
-
-    # with :special-members:
-    app.config.autodoc_default_options = {
-        'special-members': '__init__,__iter__',
-    }
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.CustomIter')
-    assert '   .. py:method:: CustomIter.__init__()' in actual
-    assert '      Create a new `CustomIter`.' in actual
-    assert '   .. py:method:: CustomIter.__iter__()' in actual
-    assert '      Iterate squares of each value.' in actual
-    if not IS_PYPY:
-        assert '   .. py:attribute:: CustomIter.__weakref__' not in actual
-        assert '      list of weak references to the object (if defined)' not in actual
-
-    # with :exclude-members:
-    app.config.autodoc_default_options = {
-        'members': None,
-        'exclude-members': 'val1',
-    }
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.enums.EnumCls')
-    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val1' not in actual
-    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val2' in actual
-    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val3' in actual
-    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val4' not in actual
-    app.config.autodoc_default_options = {
-        'members': None,
-        'special-members': None,
-        'exclude-members': '__weakref__,snafucate',
-    }
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.CustomIter')
-    assert '   .. py:method:: CustomIter.__init__()' in actual
-    assert '      Create a new `CustomIter`.' in actual
-    assert '   .. py:method:: CustomIter.__iter__()' in actual
-    assert '      Iterate squares of each value.' in actual
-    if not IS_PYPY:
-        assert '   .. py:attribute:: CustomIter.__weakref__' not in actual
-        assert '      list of weak references to the object (if defined)' not in actual
-    assert '   .. py:method:: CustomIter.snafucate()' not in actual
-    assert '      Makes this snafucated.' not in actual
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_events.py b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_events.py
deleted file mode 100644
index d821f4c..0000000
--- a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_events.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,118 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the autodoc extension.  This tests mainly for autodoc events"""
-
-import pytest
-
-from sphinx.ext.autodoc import between, cut_lines
-
-from .test_ext_autodoc import do_autodoc
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_process_docstring(app):
-    def on_process_docstring(app, what, name, obj, options, lines):
-        lines.clear()
-        lines.append('my docstring')
-
-    app.connect('autodoc-process-docstring', on_process_docstring)
-
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.process_docstring.func')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: func()',
-        '   :module: target.process_docstring',
-        '',
-        '   my docstring',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_process_docstring_for_nondatadescriptor(app):
-    def on_process_docstring(app, what, name, obj, options, lines):
-        raise
-
-    app.connect('autodoc-process-docstring', on_process_docstring)
-
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.AttCls.a1')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:attribute:: AttCls.a1',
-        '   :module: target',
-        '   :value: hello world',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_cut_lines(app):
-    app.connect('autodoc-process-docstring',
-                cut_lines(2, 2, ['function']))
-
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.process_docstring.func')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: func()',
-        '   :module: target.process_docstring',
-        '',
-        '   second line',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_between(app):
-    app.connect('autodoc-process-docstring',
-                between('---', ['function']))
-
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.process_docstring.func')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: func()',
-        '   :module: target.process_docstring',
-        '',
-        '   second line',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_between_exclude(app):
-    app.connect('autodoc-process-docstring',
-                between('---', ['function'], exclude=True))
-
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.process_docstring.func')
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: func()',
-        '   :module: target.process_docstring',
-        '',
-        '   first line',
-        '   third line',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_skip_module_member(app):
-    def autodoc_skip_member(app, what, name, obj, skip, options):
-        if name == "Class":
-            return True  # Skip "Class" class in __all__
-        elif name == "raises":
-            return False  # Show "raises()" function (not in __all__)
-        return None
-
-    app.connect('autodoc-skip-member', autodoc_skip_member)
-
-    options = {"members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: raises(exc, func, *args, **kwds)',
-        '   :module: target',
-        '',
-        '   Raise AssertionError if ``func(*args, **kwds)`` does not raise *exc*.',
-        '',
-    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_mock.py b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_mock.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 3b90693..0000000
--- a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_mock.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,152 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the autodoc extension."""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import abc
-import sys
-from importlib import import_module
-from typing import TypeVar
-
-import pytest
-
-from sphinx.ext.autodoc.mock import _MockModule, _MockObject, ismock, mock, undecorate
-
-
-def test_MockModule():
-    mock = _MockModule('mocked_module')
-    assert isinstance(mock.some_attr, _MockObject)
-    assert isinstance(mock.some_method, _MockObject)
-    assert isinstance(mock.attr1.attr2, _MockObject)
-    assert isinstance(mock.attr1.attr2.meth(), _MockObject)
-
-    assert repr(mock.some_attr) == 'mocked_module.some_attr'
-    assert repr(mock.some_method) == 'mocked_module.some_method'
-    assert repr(mock.attr1.attr2) == 'mocked_module.attr1.attr2'
-    assert repr(mock.attr1.attr2.meth) == 'mocked_module.attr1.attr2.meth'
-
-    assert repr(mock) == 'mocked_module'
-
-
-def test_MockObject():
-    mock = _MockObject()
-    assert isinstance(mock.some_attr, _MockObject)
-    assert isinstance(mock.some_method, _MockObject)
-    assert isinstance(mock.attr1.attr2, _MockObject)
-    assert isinstance(mock.attr1.attr2.meth(), _MockObject)
-
-    # subclassing
-    class SubClass(mock.SomeClass):
-        """docstring of SubClass"""
-
-        def method(self):
-            return "string"
-
-    obj = SubClass()
-    assert SubClass.__doc__ == "docstring of SubClass"
-    assert isinstance(obj, SubClass)
-    assert obj.method() == "string"
-    assert isinstance(obj.other_method(), SubClass)
-
-    # parametrized type
-    T = TypeVar('T')
-
-    class SubClass2(mock.SomeClass[T]):
-        """docstring of SubClass"""
-
-    obj2 = SubClass2()
-    assert SubClass2.__doc__ == "docstring of SubClass"
-    assert isinstance(obj2, SubClass2)
-
-
-def test_mock():
-    modname = 'sphinx.unknown'
-    submodule = modname + '.submodule'
-    assert modname not in sys.modules
-    with pytest.raises(ImportError):
-        import_module(modname)
-
-    with mock([modname]):
-        import_module(modname)
-        assert modname in sys.modules
-        assert isinstance(sys.modules[modname], _MockModule)
-
-        # submodules are also mocked
-        import_module(submodule)
-        assert submodule in sys.modules
-        assert isinstance(sys.modules[submodule], _MockModule)
-
-    assert modname not in sys.modules
-    with pytest.raises(ImportError):
-        import_module(modname)
-
-
-def test_mock_does_not_follow_upper_modules():
-    with mock(['sphinx.unknown.module']):  # NoQA: SIM117
-        with pytest.raises(ImportError):
-            import_module('sphinx.unknown')
-
-
-def test_abc_MockObject():
-    mock = _MockObject()
-
-    class Base:
-        @abc.abstractmethod
-        def __init__(self):
-            pass
-
-    class Derived(Base, mock.SubClass):
-        pass
-
-    obj = Derived()
-    assert isinstance(obj, Base)
-    assert isinstance(obj, _MockObject)
-    assert isinstance(obj.some_method(), Derived)
-
-
-def test_mock_decorator():
-    mock = _MockObject()
-
-    @mock.function_deco
-    def func():
-        pass
-
-    class Foo:
-        @mock.method_deco
-        def meth(self):
-            pass
-
-        @classmethod
-        @mock.method_deco
-        def class_meth(cls):
-            pass
-
-    @mock.class_deco
-    class Bar:
-        pass
-
-    @mock.funcion_deco(Foo)
-    class Baz:
-        pass
-
-    assert undecorate(func).__name__ == "func"
-    assert undecorate(Foo.meth).__name__ == "meth"
-    assert undecorate(Foo.class_meth).__name__ == "class_meth"
-    assert undecorate(Bar).__name__ == "Bar"
-    assert undecorate(Baz).__name__ == "Baz"
-
-
-def test_ismock():
-    with mock(['sphinx.unknown']):
-        mod1 = import_module('sphinx.unknown')
-        mod2 = import_module('sphinx.application')
-
-        class Inherited(mod1.Class):
-            pass
-
-        assert ismock(mod1) is True
-        assert ismock(mod1.Class) is True
-        assert ismock(mod1.submod.Class) is True
-        assert ismock(Inherited) is False
-
-        assert ismock(mod2) is False
-        assert ismock(mod2.Sphinx) is False
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_preserve_defaults.py b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_preserve_defaults.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 70b6146..0000000
--- a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_preserve_defaults.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,192 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the autodoc extension."""
-
-import pytest
-
-from .test_ext_autodoc import do_autodoc
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc',
-                    confoverrides={'autodoc_preserve_defaults': True})
-def test_preserve_defaults(app):
-    color = "0xFFFFFF"
-
-    options = {"members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.preserve_defaults', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.preserve_defaults',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Class()',
-        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.clsmeth(name: str = CONSTANT, sentinel: ~typing.Any = '
-        'SENTINEL, now: ~datetime.datetime = datetime.now(), color: int = %s, *, '
-        'kwarg1, kwarg2=%s) -> None' % (color, color),
-        '      :module: target.preserve_defaults',
-        '      :classmethod:',
-        '',
-        '      docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth(name: str = CONSTANT, sentinel: ~typing.Any = '
-        'SENTINEL, now: ~datetime.datetime = datetime.now(), color: int = %s, *, '
-        'kwarg1, kwarg2=%s) -> None' % (color, color),
-        '      :module: target.preserve_defaults',
-        '',
-        '      docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: MultiLine()',
-        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:property:: MultiLine.prop1',
-        '      :module: target.preserve_defaults',
-        '',
-        '      docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:property:: MultiLine.prop2',
-        '      :module: target.preserve_defaults',
-        '',
-        '      docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:property:: MultiLine.prop3',
-        '      :module: target.preserve_defaults',
-        '',
-        '      docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:property:: MultiLine.prop4',
-        '      :module: target.preserve_defaults',
-        '',
-        '      docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:property:: MultiLine.prop5',
-        '      :module: target.preserve_defaults',
-        '',
-        '      docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: foo(name: str = CONSTANT, sentinel: ~typing.Any = SENTINEL, '
-        'now: ~datetime.datetime = datetime.now(), color: int = %s, *, kwarg1, '
-        'kwarg2=%s) -> None' % (color, color),
-        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: get_sentinel(custom=SENTINEL)',
-        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc',
-                    confoverrides={'autodoc_preserve_defaults': True})
-def test_preserve_defaults_special_constructs(app):
-    options = {"members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs', options)
-
-    # * dataclasses.dataclass:
-    #   - __init__ source code is not available
-    #   - default values specified at class level are not discovered
-    #   - values wrapped in a field(...) expression cannot be analyzed
-    #     easily even if annotations were to be parsed
-    # * typing.NamedTuple:
-    #   - __init__ source code is not available
-    #   - default values specified at class level are not discovered
-    # * collections.namedtuple:
-    #   - default values are specified as "default=(d1, d2, ...)"
-    #
-    # In the future, it might be possible to find some additional default
-    # values by parsing the source code of the annotations but the task is
-    # rather complex.
-
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: DataClass('
-        'a: int, b: object = <object object>, c: list[int] = <factory>)',
-        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: DataClassNoInit()',
-        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: MyNamedTuple1('
-        'a: int, b: object = <object object>, c: list[int] = [1, 2, 3])',
-        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: MyNamedTuple1.a',
-        '      :module: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
-        '      :type: int',
-        '',
-        '      Alias for field number 0',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: MyNamedTuple1.b',
-        '      :module: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
-        '      :type: object',
-        '',
-        '      Alias for field number 1',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: MyNamedTuple1.c',
-        '      :module: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
-        '      :type: list[int]',
-        '',
-        '      Alias for field number 2',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: MyNamedTuple2(a=0, b=<object object>)',
-        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: MyTypedDict',
-        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: SENTINEL',
-        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
-        '   :value: <object object>',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: foo(x, y, z=SENTINEL)',
-        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: ze_lambda(z=SENTINEL)',
-        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
-        '',
-        '   docstring',
-        '',
-    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_private_members.py b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_private_members.py
deleted file mode 100644
index bf707bf..0000000
--- a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_private_members.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,158 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the autodoc extension.  This tests mainly for private-members option.
-"""
-
-import pytest
-
-from .test_ext_autodoc import do_autodoc
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_private_field(app):
-    app.config.autoclass_content = 'class'
-    options = {"members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.private', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.private',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: _PUBLIC_CONSTANT',
-        '   :module: target.private',
-        '   :value: None',
-        '',
-        '   :meta public:',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: _public_function(name)',
-        '   :module: target.private',
-        '',
-        '   public_function is a docstring().',
-        '',
-        '   :meta public:',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_private_field_and_private_members(app):
-    app.config.autoclass_content = 'class'
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "private-members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.private', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.private',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: PRIVATE_CONSTANT',
-        '   :module: target.private',
-        '   :value: None',
-        '',
-        '   :meta private:',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: _PUBLIC_CONSTANT',
-        '   :module: target.private',
-        '   :value: None',
-        '',
-        '   :meta public:',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: _public_function(name)',
-        '   :module: target.private',
-        '',
-        '   public_function is a docstring().',
-        '',
-        '   :meta public:',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: private_function(name)',
-        '   :module: target.private',
-        '',
-        '   private_function is a docstring().',
-        '',
-        '   :meta private:',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_private_members(app):
-    app.config.autoclass_content = 'class'
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "private-members": "_PUBLIC_CONSTANT,_public_function"}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.private', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:module:: target.private',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:data:: _PUBLIC_CONSTANT',
-        '   :module: target.private',
-        '   :value: None',
-        '',
-        '   :meta public:',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '.. py:function:: _public_function(name)',
-        '   :module: target.private',
-        '',
-        '   public_function is a docstring().',
-        '',
-        '   :meta public:',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_private_attributes(app):
-    app.config.autoclass_content = 'class'
-    options = {"members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.private.Foo', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
-        '   :module: target.private',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo._public_attribute',
-        '      :module: target.private',
-        '      :value: 47',
-        '',
-        '      A public class attribute whose name starts with an underscore.',
-        '',
-        '      :meta public:',
-        '',
-    ]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
-def test_private_attributes_and_private_members(app):
-    app.config.autoclass_content = 'class'
-    options = {"members": None,
-               "private-members": None}
-    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.private.Foo', options)
-    assert list(actual) == [
-        '',
-        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
-        '   :module: target.private',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo._public_attribute',
-        '      :module: target.private',
-        '      :value: 47',
-        '',
-        '      A public class attribute whose name starts with an underscore.',
-        '',
-        '      :meta public:',
-        '',
-        '',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.private_attribute',
-        '      :module: target.private',
-        '      :value: 11',
-        '',
-        '      A private class attribute whose name does not start with an underscore.',
-        '',
-        '      :meta private:',
-        '',
-    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_autosectionlabel.py b/tests/test_ext_autosectionlabel.py
deleted file mode 100644
index f99a6d3..0000000
--- a/tests/test_ext_autosectionlabel.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-"""Test sphinx.ext.autosectionlabel extension."""
-
-import re
-
-import pytest
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autosectionlabel')
-def test_autosectionlabel_html(app, status, warning, skipped_labels=False):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    html = ('<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#introduce-of-sphinx">'
-            '<span class=".*?">Introduce of Sphinx</span></a></p></li>')
-    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
-
-    html = ('<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#installation">'
-            '<span class="std std-ref">Installation</span></a></p></li>')
-    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
-
-    html = ('<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#for-windows-users">'
-            '<span class="std std-ref">For Windows users</span></a></p></li>')
-    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
-
-    html = ('<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#for-unix-users">'
-            '<span class="std std-ref">For UNIX users</span></a></p></li>')
-    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
-
-    html = ('<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#linux">'
-            '<span class="std std-ref">Linux</span></a></p></li>')
-    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
-
-    html = ('<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#freebsd">'
-            '<span class="std std-ref">FreeBSD</span></a></p></li>')
-    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
-
-    # for smart_quotes (refs: #4027)
-    html = ('<li><p><a class="reference internal" '
-            'href="#this-one-s-got-an-apostrophe">'
-            '<span class="std std-ref">This one’s got an apostrophe'
-            '</span></a></p></li>')
-    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
-
-
-# Re-use test definition from above, just change the test root directory
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autosectionlabel-prefix-document')
-def test_autosectionlabel_prefix_document_html(app, status, warning):
-    test_autosectionlabel_html(app, status, warning)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autosectionlabel',
-                    confoverrides={'autosectionlabel_maxdepth': 3})
-def test_autosectionlabel_maxdepth(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    # depth: 1
-    html = ('<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#test-ext-autosectionlabel">'
-            '<span class=".*?">test-ext-autosectionlabel</span></a></p></li>')
-    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
-
-    # depth: 2
-    html = ('<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#installation">'
-            '<span class="std std-ref">Installation</span></a></p></li>')
-    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
-
-    # depth: 3
-    html = ('<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#for-windows-users">'
-            '<span class="std std-ref">For Windows users</span></a></p></li>')
-    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
-
-    # depth: 4
-    html = '<li><p><span class="xref std std-ref">Linux</span></p></li>'
-    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
-
-    assert "WARNING: undefined label: 'linux'" in warning.getvalue()
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_autosummary.py b/tests/test_ext_autosummary.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 43f3ae0..0000000
--- a/tests/test_ext_autosummary.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,686 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the autosummary extension."""
-
-import sys
-from io import StringIO
-from pathlib import Path
-from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
-
-import pytest
-from docutils import nodes
-
-from sphinx import addnodes
-from sphinx.ext.autosummary import (
-    autosummary_table,
-    autosummary_toc,
-    extract_summary,
-    import_by_name,
-    mangle_signature,
-)
-from sphinx.ext.autosummary.generate import (
-    AutosummaryEntry,
-    generate_autosummary_content,
-    generate_autosummary_docs,
-)
-from sphinx.ext.autosummary.generate import main as autogen_main
-from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node, etree_parse
-from sphinx.util.docutils import new_document
-
-try:
-    from contextlib import chdir
-except ImportError:
-    from sphinx.util.osutil import _chdir as chdir
-
-html_warnfile = StringIO()
-
-
-default_kw = {
-    'testroot': 'autosummary',
-    'confoverrides': {
-        'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.autosummary'],
-        'autosummary_generate': True,
-        'autosummary_generate_overwrite': False,
-        'source_suffix': '.rst',
-    },
-}
-
-
-@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
-def _unload_target_module():
-    sys.modules.pop('target', None)
-
-
-def test_mangle_signature():
-    TEST = """
-    () :: ()
-    (a, b, c, d, e) :: (a, b, c, d, e)
-    (a, b, c=1, d=2, e=3) :: (a, b[, c, d, e])
-    (a, b, aaa=1, bbb=1, ccc=1, eee=1, fff=1, ggg=1, hhh=1, iii=1, jjj=1)\
-    :: (a, b[, aaa, bbb, ccc, ...])
-    (a, b, c=(), d=<foo>) :: (a, b[, c, d])
-    (a, b, c='foobar()', d=123) :: (a, b[, c, d])
-    (a, b[, c]) :: (a, b[, c])
-    (a, b[, cxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx]) :: (a, b[, ...)
-    (a, b='c=d, e=f, g=h', c=3) :: (a[, b, c])
-    (a, b="c=d, e=f, g=h", c=3) :: (a[, b, c])
-    (a, b='c=d, \\'e=f,\\' g=h', c=3) :: (a[, b, c])
-    (a, b='c=d, ', e='\\\\' g=h, c=3) :: (a[, b, e, c])
-    (a, b={'c=d, ': 3, '\\\\': 3}) :: (a[, b])
-    (a=1, b=2, c=3) :: ([a, b, c])
-    (a=1, b=<SomeClass: a, b, c>, c=3) :: ([a, b, c])
-    (a=1, b=T(a=1, b=2), c=3) :: ([a, b, c])
-    (a: Tuple[int, str], b: int) -> str :: (a, b)
-    """
-
-    TEST = [[y.strip() for y in x.split("::")] for x in TEST.split("\n")
-            if '::' in x]
-    for inp, outp in TEST:
-        res = mangle_signature(inp).strip().replace("\u00a0", " ")
-        assert res == outp, (f"'{inp}' -> '{res}' != '{outp}'")
-
-
-def test_extract_summary(capsys):
-    settings = Mock(language_code='en',
-                    id_prefix='',
-                    auto_id_prefix='',
-                    pep_reference=False,
-                    rfc_reference=False)
-    document = new_document('', settings)
-
-    # normal case
-    doc = ['',
-           'This is a first sentence. And second one.',
-           '',
-           'Second block is here']
-    assert extract_summary(doc, document) == 'This is a first sentence.'
-
-    # inliner case
-    doc = ['This sentence contains *emphasis text having dots.*,',
-           'it does not break sentence.']
-    assert extract_summary(doc, document) == ' '.join(doc)
-
-    # abbreviations
-    doc = ['Blabla, i.e. bla.']
-    assert extract_summary(doc, document) == ' '.join(doc)
-
-    doc = ['Blabla, (i.e. bla).']
-    assert extract_summary(doc, document) == ' '.join(doc)
-
-    doc = ['Blabla, e.g. bla.']
-    assert extract_summary(doc, document) == ' '.join(doc)
-
-    doc = ['Blabla, (e.g. bla).']
-    assert extract_summary(doc, document) == ' '.join(doc)
-
-    doc = ['Blabla, et al. bla.']
-    assert extract_summary(doc, document) == ' '.join(doc)
-
-    # literal
-    doc = ['blah blah::']
-    assert extract_summary(doc, document) == 'blah blah.'
-
-    # heading
-    doc = ['blah blah',
-           '=========']
-    assert extract_summary(doc, document) == 'blah blah'
-
-    doc = ['=========',
-           'blah blah',
-           '=========']
-    assert extract_summary(doc, document) == 'blah blah'
-
-    # hyperlink target
-    doc = ['Do `this <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/>`_ and that. '
-           'blah blah blah.']
-    assert (extract_summary(doc, document) ==
-            'Do `this <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/>`_ and that.')
-
-    _, err = capsys.readouterr()
-    assert err == ''
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', **default_kw)
-def test_get_items_summary(make_app, app_params):
-    import sphinx.ext.autosummary
-    import sphinx.ext.autosummary.generate
-    args, kwargs = app_params
-    app = make_app(*args, **kwargs)
-    sphinx.ext.autosummary.generate.setup_documenters(app)
-    # monkey-patch Autosummary.get_items so we can easily get access to it's
-    # results..
-    orig_get_items = sphinx.ext.autosummary.Autosummary.get_items
-
-    autosummary_items = {}
-
-    def new_get_items(self, names, *args, **kwargs):
-        results = orig_get_items(self, names, *args, **kwargs)
-        for name, result in zip(names, results):
-            autosummary_items[name] = result
-        return results
-
-    def handler(app, what, name, obj, options, lines):
-        assert isinstance(lines, list)
-
-        # ensure no docstring is processed twice:
-        assert 'THIS HAS BEEN HANDLED' not in lines
-        lines.append('THIS HAS BEEN HANDLED')
-    app.connect('autodoc-process-docstring', handler)
-
-    sphinx.ext.autosummary.Autosummary.get_items = new_get_items
-    try:
-        app.builder.build_all()
-    finally:
-        sphinx.ext.autosummary.Autosummary.get_items = orig_get_items
-
-    html_warnings = app._warning.getvalue()
-    assert html_warnings == ''
-
-    expected_values = {
-        'withSentence': 'I have a sentence which spans multiple lines.',
-        'noSentence': "this doesn't start with a capital.",
-        'emptyLine': "This is the real summary",
-        'module_attr': 'This is a module attribute',
-        'C.class_attr': 'This is a class attribute',
-        'C.instance_attr': 'This is an instance attribute',
-        'C.prop_attr1': 'This is a function docstring',
-        'C.prop_attr2': 'This is a attribute docstring',
-        'C.C2': 'This is a nested inner class docstring',
-    }
-    for key, expected in expected_values.items():
-        assert autosummary_items[key][2] == expected, 'Summary for %s was %r -'\
-            ' expected %r' % (key, autosummary_items[key], expected)
-
-    # check an item in detail
-    assert 'func' in autosummary_items
-    func_attrs = ('func',
-                  '(arg_, *args, **kwargs)',
-                  'Test function take an argument ended with underscore.',
-                  'dummy_module.func')
-    assert autosummary_items['func'] == func_attrs
-
-
-def str_content(elem):
-    if elem.text is not None:
-        return elem.text
-    else:
-        return ''.join(str_content(e) for e in elem)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', **default_kw)
-def test_escaping(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    outdir = Path(app.builder.outdir)
-
-    docpage = outdir / 'underscore_module_.xml'
-    assert docpage.exists()
-
-    title = etree_parse(docpage).find('section/title')
-
-    assert str_content(title) == 'underscore_module_'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-autosummary')
-def test_autosummary_generate_content_for_module(app):
-    import autosummary_dummy_module
-    template = Mock()
-
-    generate_autosummary_content('autosummary_dummy_module', autosummary_dummy_module, None,
-                                 template, None, False, app, False, {})
-    assert template.render.call_args[0][0] == 'module'
-
-    context = template.render.call_args[0][1]
-    assert context['members'] == ['CONSTANT1', 'CONSTANT2', 'Exc', 'Foo', '_Baz', '_Exc',
-                                  '__all__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__',
-                                  '__file__', '__name__', '__package__', '_quux', 'bar',
-                                  'non_imported_member', 'quuz', 'qux']
-    assert context['functions'] == ['bar']
-    assert context['all_functions'] == ['_quux', 'bar']
-    assert context['classes'] == ['Foo']
-    assert context['all_classes'] == ['Foo', '_Baz']
-    assert context['exceptions'] == ['Exc']
-    assert context['all_exceptions'] == ['Exc', '_Exc']
-    assert context['attributes'] == ['CONSTANT1', 'qux', 'quuz', 'non_imported_member']
-    assert context['all_attributes'] == ['CONSTANT1', 'qux', 'quuz', 'non_imported_member']
-    assert context['fullname'] == 'autosummary_dummy_module'
-    assert context['module'] == 'autosummary_dummy_module'
-    assert context['objname'] == ''
-    assert context['name'] == ''
-    assert context['objtype'] == 'module'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-autosummary')
-def test_autosummary_generate_content_for_module___all__(app):
-    import autosummary_dummy_module
-    template = Mock()
-    app.config.autosummary_ignore_module_all = False
-
-    generate_autosummary_content('autosummary_dummy_module', autosummary_dummy_module, None,
-                                 template, None, False, app, False, {})
-    assert template.render.call_args[0][0] == 'module'
-
-    context = template.render.call_args[0][1]
-    assert context['members'] == ['CONSTANT1', 'Exc', 'Foo', '_Baz', 'bar', 'qux', 'path']
-    assert context['functions'] == ['bar']
-    assert context['all_functions'] == ['bar']
-    assert context['classes'] == ['Foo']
-    assert context['all_classes'] == ['Foo', '_Baz']
-    assert context['exceptions'] == ['Exc']
-    assert context['all_exceptions'] == ['Exc']
-    assert context['attributes'] == ['CONSTANT1', 'qux']
-    assert context['all_attributes'] == ['CONSTANT1', 'qux']
-    assert context['fullname'] == 'autosummary_dummy_module'
-    assert context['module'] == 'autosummary_dummy_module'
-    assert context['objname'] == ''
-    assert context['name'] == ''
-    assert context['objtype'] == 'module'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-autosummary')
-def test_autosummary_generate_content_for_module_skipped(app):
-    import autosummary_dummy_module
-    template = Mock()
-
-    def skip_member(app, what, name, obj, skip, options):
-        if name in ('Foo', 'bar', 'Exc'):
-            return True
-        return None
-
-    app.connect('autodoc-skip-member', skip_member)
-    generate_autosummary_content('autosummary_dummy_module', autosummary_dummy_module, None,
-                                 template, None, False, app, False, {})
-    context = template.render.call_args[0][1]
-    assert context['members'] == ['CONSTANT1', 'CONSTANT2', '_Baz', '_Exc', '__all__',
-                                  '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__',
-                                  '__name__', '__package__', '_quux', 'non_imported_member',
-                                  'quuz', 'qux']
-    assert context['functions'] == []
-    assert context['classes'] == []
-    assert context['exceptions'] == []
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-autosummary')
-def test_autosummary_generate_content_for_module_imported_members(app):
-    import autosummary_dummy_module
-    template = Mock()
-
-    generate_autosummary_content('autosummary_dummy_module', autosummary_dummy_module, None,
-                                 template, None, True, app, False, {})
-    assert template.render.call_args[0][0] == 'module'
-
-    context = template.render.call_args[0][1]
-    assert context['members'] == ['CONSTANT1', 'CONSTANT2', 'Class', 'Exc', 'Foo', 'Union',
-                                  '_Baz', '_Exc', '__all__', '__builtins__', '__cached__',
-                                  '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__',
-                                  '__package__', '__spec__', '_quux', 'bar',
-                                  'considered_as_imported', 'non_imported_member', 'path',
-                                  'quuz', 'qux']
-    assert context['functions'] == ['bar']
-    assert context['all_functions'] == ['_quux', 'bar']
-    assert context['classes'] == ['Class', 'Foo']
-    assert context['all_classes'] == ['Class', 'Foo', '_Baz']
-    assert context['exceptions'] == ['Exc']
-    assert context['all_exceptions'] == ['Exc', '_Exc']
-    assert context['attributes'] == ['CONSTANT1', 'qux', 'quuz', 'non_imported_member']
-    assert context['all_attributes'] == ['CONSTANT1', 'qux', 'quuz', 'non_imported_member']
-    assert context['fullname'] == 'autosummary_dummy_module'
-    assert context['module'] == 'autosummary_dummy_module'
-    assert context['objname'] == ''
-    assert context['name'] == ''
-    assert context['objtype'] == 'module'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-autosummary')
-def test_autosummary_generate_content_for_module_imported_members_inherited_module(app):
-    import autosummary_dummy_inherited_module
-    template = Mock()
-
-    generate_autosummary_content('autosummary_dummy_inherited_module',
-                                 autosummary_dummy_inherited_module, None,
-                                 template, None, True, app, False, {})
-    assert template.render.call_args[0][0] == 'module'
-
-    context = template.render.call_args[0][1]
-    assert context['members'] == ['Foo', 'InheritedAttrClass', '__all__', '__builtins__', '__cached__',
-                                  '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__',
-                                  '__package__', '__spec__']
-    assert context['functions'] == []
-    assert context['classes'] == ['Foo', 'InheritedAttrClass']
-    assert context['exceptions'] == []
-    assert context['all_exceptions'] == []
-    assert context['attributes'] == []
-    assert context['all_attributes'] == []
-    assert context['fullname'] == 'autosummary_dummy_inherited_module'
-    assert context['module'] == 'autosummary_dummy_inherited_module'
-    assert context['objname'] == ''
-    assert context['name'] == ''
-    assert context['objtype'] == 'module'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autosummary')
-def test_autosummary_generate(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('index')
-    assert_node(doctree, (nodes.paragraph,
-                          nodes.paragraph,
-                          addnodes.tabular_col_spec,
-                          autosummary_table,
-                          [autosummary_toc, addnodes.toctree]))
-    assert_node(doctree[3],
-                [autosummary_table, nodes.table, nodes.tgroup, (nodes.colspec,
-                                                                nodes.colspec,
-                                                                [nodes.tbody, (nodes.row,
-                                                                               nodes.row,
-                                                                               nodes.row,
-                                                                               nodes.row,
-                                                                               nodes.row,
-                                                                               nodes.row,
-                                                                               nodes.row,
-                                                                               nodes.row)])])
-    assert_node(doctree[4][0], addnodes.toctree, caption="An autosummary")
-
-    assert len(doctree[3][0][0][2]) == 8
-    assert doctree[3][0][0][2][0].astext() == 'autosummary_dummy_module\n\n'
-    assert doctree[3][0][0][2][1].astext() == 'autosummary_dummy_module.Foo()\n\n'
-    assert doctree[3][0][0][2][2].astext() == 'autosummary_dummy_module.Foo.Bar()\n\n'
-    assert doctree[3][0][0][2][3].astext() == 'autosummary_dummy_module.Foo.value\n\ndocstring'
-    assert doctree[3][0][0][2][4].astext() == 'autosummary_dummy_module.bar(x[, y])\n\n'
-    assert doctree[3][0][0][2][5].astext() == 'autosummary_dummy_module.qux\n\na module-level attribute'
-    assert doctree[3][0][0][2][6].astext() == 'autosummary_dummy_inherited_module.InheritedAttrClass()\n\n'
-    assert doctree[3][0][0][2][7].astext() == 'autosummary_dummy_inherited_module.InheritedAttrClass.subclassattr\n\nother docstring'
-
-    module = (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    assert ('   .. autosummary::\n'
-            '   \n'
-            '      Foo\n'
-            '   \n' in module)
-    assert ('   .. autosummary::\n'
-            '   \n'
-            '      CONSTANT1\n'
-            '      qux\n'
-            '      quuz\n'
-            '      non_imported_member\n'
-            '   \n' in module)
-
-    Foo = (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.Foo.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '.. automethod:: __init__' in Foo
-    assert ('   .. autosummary::\n'
-            '   \n'
-            '      ~Foo.__init__\n'
-            '      ~Foo.bar\n'
-            '   \n' in Foo)
-    assert ('   .. autosummary::\n'
-            '   \n'
-            '      ~Foo.CONSTANT3\n'
-            '      ~Foo.CONSTANT4\n'
-            '      ~Foo.baz\n'
-            '      ~Foo.value\n'
-            '   \n' in Foo)
-
-    FooBar = (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.Foo.Bar.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('.. currentmodule:: autosummary_dummy_module\n'
-            '\n'
-            '.. autoclass:: Foo.Bar\n' in FooBar)
-
-    Foo_value = (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.Foo.value.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('.. currentmodule:: autosummary_dummy_module\n'
-            '\n'
-            '.. autoattribute:: Foo.value' in Foo_value)
-
-    qux = (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.qux.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('.. currentmodule:: autosummary_dummy_module\n'
-            '\n'
-            '.. autodata:: qux' in qux)
-
-    InheritedAttrClass = (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_inherited_module.InheritedAttrClass.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(InheritedAttrClass)
-    assert '.. automethod:: __init__' in Foo
-    assert ('   .. autosummary::\n'
-            '   \n'
-            '      ~InheritedAttrClass.__init__\n'
-            '      ~InheritedAttrClass.bar\n'
-            '   \n' in InheritedAttrClass)
-    assert ('   .. autosummary::\n'
-            '   \n'
-            '      ~InheritedAttrClass.CONSTANT3\n'
-            '      ~InheritedAttrClass.CONSTANT4\n'
-            '      ~InheritedAttrClass.baz\n'
-            '      ~InheritedAttrClass.subclassattr\n'
-            '      ~InheritedAttrClass.value\n'
-            '   \n' in InheritedAttrClass)
-
-    InheritedAttrClass_subclassattr = (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_inherited_module.InheritedAttrClass.subclassattr.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('.. currentmodule:: autosummary_dummy_inherited_module\n'
-            '\n'
-            '.. autoattribute:: InheritedAttrClass.subclassattr' in InheritedAttrClass_subclassattr)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autosummary',
-                    confoverrides={'autosummary_generate_overwrite': False})
-def test_autosummary_generate_overwrite1(app_params, make_app):
-    args, kwargs = app_params
-    srcdir = kwargs.get('srcdir')
-
-    (srcdir / 'generated').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    (srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.rst').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
-
-    app = make_app(*args, **kwargs)
-    content = (srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert content == ''
-    assert 'autosummary_dummy_module.rst' not in app._warning.getvalue()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autosummary',
-                    confoverrides={'autosummary_generate_overwrite': True})
-def test_autosummary_generate_overwrite2(app_params, make_app):
-    args, kwargs = app_params
-    srcdir = kwargs.get('srcdir')
-
-    (srcdir / 'generated').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    (srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.rst').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
-
-    app = make_app(*args, **kwargs)
-    content = (srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert content != ''
-    assert 'autosummary_dummy_module.rst' not in app._warning.getvalue()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autosummary-recursive')
-@pytest.mark.usefixtures("rollback_sysmodules")
-def test_autosummary_recursive(app, status, warning):
-    sys.modules.pop('package', None)  # unload target module to clear the module cache
-
-    app.build()
-
-    # autosummary having :recursive: option
-    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package.rst').exists()
-    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package.module.rst').exists()
-    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package.module_importfail.rst').exists() is False
-    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package.package.rst').exists()
-    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package.package.module.rst').exists()
-
-    # autosummary not having :recursive: option
-    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package2.rst').exists()
-    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package2.module.rst').exists() is False
-
-    # Check content of recursively generated stub-files
-    content = (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert 'package.module' in content
-    assert 'package.package' in content
-    assert 'package.module_importfail' in content
-
-    content = (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package.package.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert 'package.package.module' in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autosummary-recursive',
-                    srcdir='test_autosummary_recursive_skips_mocked_modules',
-                    confoverrides={'autosummary_mock_imports': ['package.package']})
-@pytest.mark.usefixtures("rollback_sysmodules")
-def test_autosummary_recursive_skips_mocked_modules(app, status, warning):
-    sys.modules.pop('package', None)  # unload target module to clear the module cache
-    app.build()
-
-    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package.rst').exists()
-    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package.module.rst').exists()
-    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package.package.rst').exists() is False
-    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package.package.module.rst').exists() is False
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autosummary-filename-map')
-def test_autosummary_filename_map(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-
-    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'module_mangled.rst').exists()
-    assert not (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.rst').exists()
-    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'bar.rst').exists()
-    assert not (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.bar.rst').exists()
-    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.Foo.rst').exists()
-
-    html_warnings = app._warning.getvalue()
-    assert html_warnings == ''
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', **default_kw)
-def test_autosummary_latex_table_colspec(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    print(status.getvalue())
-    print(warning.getvalue())
-    assert r'\begin{longtable}{\X{1}{2}\X{1}{2}}' in result
-    assert r'p{0.5\linewidth}' not in result
-
-
-def test_import_by_name():
-    import sphinx
-    import sphinx.ext.autosummary
-
-    prefixed_name, obj, parent, modname = import_by_name('sphinx')
-    assert prefixed_name == 'sphinx'
-    assert obj is sphinx
-    assert parent is None
-    assert modname == 'sphinx'
-
-    prefixed_name, obj, parent, modname = import_by_name('sphinx.ext.autosummary.__name__')
-    assert prefixed_name == 'sphinx.ext.autosummary.__name__'
-    assert obj is sphinx.ext.autosummary.__name__
-    assert parent is sphinx.ext.autosummary
-    assert modname == 'sphinx.ext.autosummary'
-
-    prefixed_name, obj, parent, modname = \
-        import_by_name('sphinx.ext.autosummary.Autosummary.get_items')
-    assert prefixed_name == 'sphinx.ext.autosummary.Autosummary.get_items'
-    assert obj == sphinx.ext.autosummary.Autosummary.get_items
-    assert parent is sphinx.ext.autosummary.Autosummary
-    assert modname == 'sphinx.ext.autosummary'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autosummary-mock_imports')
-def test_autosummary_mock_imports(app, status, warning):
-    try:
-        app.build()
-        assert warning.getvalue() == ''
-
-        # generated/foo is generated successfully
-        assert app.env.get_doctree('generated/foo')
-    finally:
-        sys.modules.pop('foo', None)  # unload foo module
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autosummary-imported_members')
-def test_autosummary_imported_members(app, status, warning):
-    try:
-        app.build()
-        # generated/foo is generated successfully
-        assert app.env.get_doctree('generated/autosummary_dummy_package')
-
-        module = (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_package.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-        assert ('   .. autosummary::\n'
-                '   \n'
-                '      Bar\n'
-                '   \n' in module)
-        assert ('   .. autosummary::\n'
-                '   \n'
-                '      foo\n'
-                '   \n' in module)
-    finally:
-        sys.modules.pop('autosummary_dummy_package', None)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autosummary-module_all')
-def test_autosummary_module_all(app, status, warning):
-    try:
-        app.build()
-        # generated/foo is generated successfully
-        assert app.env.get_doctree('generated/autosummary_dummy_package_all')
-        module = (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_package_all.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-        assert ('   .. autosummary::\n'
-                '   \n'
-                '      PublicBar\n'
-                '   \n' in module)
-        assert ('   .. autosummary::\n'
-                '   \n'
-                '      public_foo\n'
-                '      public_baz\n'
-                '   \n' in module)
-        assert ('.. autosummary::\n'
-                '   :toctree:\n'
-                '   :recursive:\n\n'
-                '   autosummary_dummy_package_all.extra_dummy_module\n\n' in module)
-    finally:
-        sys.modules.pop('autosummary_dummy_package_all', None)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-autodoc',
-                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.autosummary']})
-def test_generate_autosummary_docs_property(app):
-    with patch('sphinx.ext.autosummary.generate.find_autosummary_in_files') as mock:
-        mock.return_value = [AutosummaryEntry('target.methods.Base.prop', 'prop', None, False)]
-        generate_autosummary_docs([], output_dir=app.srcdir, app=app)
-
-    content = (app.srcdir / 'target.methods.Base.prop.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert content == ("target.methods.Base.prop\n"
-                       "========================\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       ".. currentmodule:: target.methods\n"
-                       "\n"
-                       ".. autoproperty:: Base.prop")
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-autosummary-skip-member')
-def test_autosummary_skip_member(app):
-    app.build()
-
-    content = (app.srcdir / 'generate' / 'target.Foo.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert 'Foo.skipmeth' not in content
-    assert 'Foo._privatemeth' in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-autosummary-template')
-def test_autosummary_template(app):
-    app.build()
-
-    content = (app.srcdir / 'generate' / 'target.Foo.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert 'EMPTY' in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autosummary',
-                    confoverrides={'autosummary_generate': []})
-def test_empty_autosummary_generate(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-    assert ("WARNING: autosummary: failed to import autosummary_importfail"
-            in warning.getvalue())
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autosummary',
-                    confoverrides={'autosummary_generate': ['unknown']})
-def test_invalid_autosummary_generate(app, status, warning):
-    assert 'WARNING: autosummary_generate: file not found: unknown.rst' in warning.getvalue()
-
-
-def test_autogen(rootdir, tmp_path):
-    with chdir(rootdir / 'test-templating'):
-        args = ['-o', str(tmp_path), '-t', '.', 'autosummary_templating.txt']
-        autogen_main(args)
-        assert (tmp_path / 'sphinx.application.TemplateBridge.rst').exists()
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_coverage.py b/tests/test_ext_coverage.py
deleted file mode 100644
index af8cf53..0000000
--- a/tests/test_ext_coverage.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the coverage builder."""
-
-import pickle
-
-import pytest
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('coverage')
-def test_build(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    py_undoc = (app.outdir / 'python.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert py_undoc.startswith('Undocumented Python objects\n'
-                               '===========================\n')
-    assert 'autodoc_target\n--------------\n' in py_undoc
-    assert ' * Class -- missing methods:\n' in py_undoc
-    assert ' * raises\n' in py_undoc
-    assert ' * function\n' not in py_undoc  # these two are documented
-    assert ' * Class\n' not in py_undoc     # in autodoc.txt
-
-    assert " * mod -- No module named 'mod'" in py_undoc  # in the "failed import" section
-
-    assert "undocumented  py" not in status.getvalue()
-
-    c_undoc = (app.outdir / 'c.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert c_undoc.startswith('Undocumented C API elements\n'
-                              '===========================\n')
-    assert 'api.h' in c_undoc
-    assert ' * Py_SphinxTest' in c_undoc
-
-    undoc_py, undoc_c, py_undocumented, py_documented = pickle.loads((app.outdir / 'undoc.pickle').read_bytes())
-    assert len(undoc_c) == 1
-    # the key is the full path to the header file, which isn't testable
-    assert list(undoc_c.values())[0] == {('function', 'Py_SphinxTest')}
-
-    assert 'autodoc_target' in undoc_py
-    assert 'funcs' in undoc_py['autodoc_target']
-    assert 'raises' in undoc_py['autodoc_target']['funcs']
-    assert 'classes' in undoc_py['autodoc_target']
-    assert 'Class' in undoc_py['autodoc_target']['classes']
-    assert 'undocmeth' in undoc_py['autodoc_target']['classes']['Class']
-
-    assert "undocumented  c" not in status.getvalue()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('coverage', testroot='ext-coverage')
-def test_coverage_ignore_pyobjects(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    actual = (app.outdir / 'python.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    expected = '''\
-Undocumented Python objects
-===========================
-
-Statistics
-----------
-
-+----------------------+----------+--------------+
-| Module               | Coverage | Undocumented |
-+======================+==========+==============+
-| coverage_not_ignored | 0.00%    | 2            |
-+----------------------+----------+--------------+
-| TOTAL                | 0.00%    | 2            |
-+----------------------+----------+--------------+
-
-coverage_not_ignored
---------------------
-
-Classes:
- * Documented -- missing methods:
-
-   - not_ignored1
-   - not_ignored2
- * NotIgnored
-
-'''
-    assert actual == expected
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('coverage', confoverrides={'coverage_show_missing_items': True})
-def test_show_missing_items(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    assert "undocumented" in status.getvalue()
-
-    assert "py  function  raises" in status.getvalue()
-    assert "py  class     Base" in status.getvalue()
-    assert "py  method    Class.roger" in status.getvalue()
-
-    assert "c   api       Py_SphinxTest [ function]" in status.getvalue()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('coverage', confoverrides={'coverage_show_missing_items': True})
-def test_show_missing_items_quiet(app, status, warning):
-    app.quiet = True
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    assert "undocumented python function: autodoc_target :: raises" in warning.getvalue()
-    assert "undocumented python class: autodoc_target :: Base" in warning.getvalue()
-    assert "undocumented python method: autodoc_target :: Class :: roger" in warning.getvalue()
-
-    assert "undocumented c api: Py_SphinxTest [function]" in warning.getvalue()
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_doctest.py b/tests/test_ext_doctest.py
deleted file mode 100644
index c83e582..0000000
--- a/tests/test_ext_doctest.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,136 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the doctest extension."""
-import os
-from collections import Counter
-
-import pytest
-from docutils import nodes
-from packaging.specifiers import InvalidSpecifier
-from packaging.version import InvalidVersion
-
-from sphinx.ext.doctest import is_allowed_version
-
-cleanup_called = 0
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('doctest', testroot='ext-doctest')
-def test_build(app, status, warning):
-    global cleanup_called
-    cleanup_called = 0
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    if app.statuscode != 0:
-        raise AssertionError('failures in doctests:' + status.getvalue())
-    # in doctest.txt, there are two named groups and the default group,
-    # so the cleanup function must be called three times
-    assert cleanup_called == 3, 'testcleanup did not get executed enough times'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-doctest')
-def test_highlight_language_default(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('doctest')
-    for node in doctree.findall(nodes.literal_block):
-        assert node['language'] in {'python', 'pycon', 'none'}
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-doctest',
-                    confoverrides={'highlight_language': 'python'})
-def test_highlight_language_python3(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('doctest')
-    for node in doctree.findall(nodes.literal_block):
-        assert node['language'] in {'python', 'pycon', 'none'}
-
-
-def test_is_allowed_version():
-    assert is_allowed_version('<3.4', '3.3') is True
-    assert is_allowed_version('<3.4', '3.3') is True
-    assert is_allowed_version('<3.2', '3.3') is False
-    assert is_allowed_version('<=3.4', '3.3') is True
-    assert is_allowed_version('<=3.2', '3.3') is False
-    assert is_allowed_version('==3.3', '3.3') is True
-    assert is_allowed_version('==3.4', '3.3') is False
-    assert is_allowed_version('>=3.2', '3.3') is True
-    assert is_allowed_version('>=3.4', '3.3') is False
-    assert is_allowed_version('>3.2', '3.3') is True
-    assert is_allowed_version('>3.4', '3.3') is False
-    assert is_allowed_version('~=3.4', '3.4.5') is True
-    assert is_allowed_version('~=3.4', '3.5.0') is True
-
-    # invalid spec
-    with pytest.raises(InvalidSpecifier):
-        is_allowed_version('&3.4', '3.5')
-
-    # invalid version
-    with pytest.raises(InvalidVersion):
-        is_allowed_version('>3.4', 'Sphinx')
-
-
-def cleanup_call():
-    global cleanup_called
-    cleanup_called += 1
-
-
-recorded_calls = Counter()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('doctest', testroot='ext-doctest-skipif')
-def test_skipif(app, status, warning):
-    """Tests for the :skipif: option
-
-    The tests are separated into a different test root directory since the
-    ``app`` object only evaluates options once in its lifetime. If these tests
-    were combined with the other doctest tests, the ``:skipif:`` evaluations
-    would be recorded only on the first ``app.builder.build_all()`` run, i.e.
-    in ``test_build`` above, and the assertion below would fail.
-
-    """
-    global recorded_calls
-    recorded_calls = Counter()
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    if app.statuscode != 0:
-        raise AssertionError('failures in doctests:' + status.getvalue())
-    # The `:skipif:` expressions are always run.
-    # Actual tests and setup/cleanup code is only run if the `:skipif:`
-    # expression evaluates to a False value.
-    # Global setup/cleanup are run before/after evaluating the `:skipif:`
-    # option in each directive - thus 11 additional invocations for each on top
-    # of the ones made for the whole test file.
-    assert recorded_calls == {('doctest_global_setup', 'body', True): 13,
-                              ('testsetup', ':skipif:', True): 1,
-                              ('testsetup', ':skipif:', False): 1,
-                              ('testsetup', 'body', False): 1,
-                              ('doctest', ':skipif:', True): 1,
-                              ('doctest', ':skipif:', False): 1,
-                              ('doctest', 'body', False): 1,
-                              ('testcode', ':skipif:', True): 1,
-                              ('testcode', ':skipif:', False): 1,
-                              ('testcode', 'body', False): 1,
-                              ('testoutput-1', ':skipif:', True): 1,
-                              ('testoutput-2', ':skipif:', True): 1,
-                              ('testoutput-2', ':skipif:', False): 1,
-                              ('testcleanup', ':skipif:', True): 1,
-                              ('testcleanup', ':skipif:', False): 1,
-                              ('testcleanup', 'body', False): 1,
-                              ('doctest_global_cleanup', 'body', True): 13}
-
-
-def record(directive, part, should_skip):
-    recorded_calls[(directive, part, should_skip)] += 1
-    return f'Recorded {directive} {part} {should_skip}'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('doctest', testroot='ext-doctest-with-autodoc')
-def test_reporting_with_autodoc(app, status, warning, capfd):
-    # Patch builder to get a copy of the output
-    written = []
-    app.builder._warn_out = written.append
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    failures = [line.replace(os.sep, '/')
-                for line in '\n'.join(written).splitlines()
-                if line.startswith('File')]
-
-    assert 'File "dir/inner.rst", line 1, in default' in failures
-    assert 'File "dir/bar.py", line ?, in default' in failures
-    assert 'File "foo.py", line ?, in default' in failures
-    assert 'File "index.rst", line 4, in default' in failures
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_duration.py b/tests/test_ext_duration.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 4fa4dfc..0000000
--- a/tests/test_ext_duration.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-"""Test sphinx.ext.duration extension."""
-
-import re
-
-import pytest
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='basic',
-                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.duration']})
-def test_githubpages(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-
-    assert 'slowest reading durations' in status.getvalue()
-    assert re.search('\\d+\\.\\d{3} index\n', status.getvalue())
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_extlinks.py b/tests/test_ext_extlinks.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 7634db6..0000000
--- a/tests/test_ext_extlinks.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-import pytest
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-extlinks-hardcoded-urls',
-                    confoverrides={'extlinks_detect_hardcoded_links': False})
-def test_extlinks_detect_candidates(app, warning):
-    app.build()
-    assert warning.getvalue() == ''
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-extlinks-hardcoded-urls')
-def test_replaceable_uris_emit_extlinks_warnings(app, warning):
-    app.build()
-    warning_output = warning.getvalue()
-
-    # there should be exactly three warnings for replaceable URLs
-    message = (
-        "index.rst:%d: WARNING: hardcoded link 'https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/1' "
-        "could be replaced by an extlink (try using '%s' instead)"
-    )
-    assert message % (11, ":issue:`1`") in warning_output
-    assert message % (13, ":issue:`inline replaceable link <1>`") in warning_output
-    assert message % (15, ":issue:`replaceable link <1>`") in warning_output
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-extlinks-hardcoded-urls-multiple-replacements')
-def test_all_replacements_suggested_if_multiple_replacements_possible(app, warning):
-    app.build()
-    warning_output = warning.getvalue()
-    # there should be six warnings for replaceable URLs, three pairs per link
-    assert warning_output.count("WARNING: hardcoded link") == 6
-    message = (
-        "index.rst:%d: WARNING: hardcoded link 'https://github.com/octocat' "
-        "could be replaced by an extlink (try using '%s' instead)"
-    )
-    assert message % (14, ":user:`octocat`") in warning_output
-    assert message % (16, ":user:`inline replaceable link <octocat>`") in warning_output
-    assert message % (18, ":user:`replaceable link <octocat>`") in warning_output
-    message = (
-        "index.rst:%d: WARNING: hardcoded link 'https://github.com/octocat' "
-        "could be replaced by an extlink (try using '%s' instead)"
-    )
-    assert message % (14, ":repo:`octocat`") in warning_output
-    assert message % (16, ":repo:`inline replaceable link <octocat>`") in warning_output
-    assert message % (18, ":repo:`replaceable link <octocat>`") in warning_output
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_githubpages.py b/tests/test_ext_githubpages.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 8e41537..0000000
--- a/tests/test_ext_githubpages.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-"""Test sphinx.ext.githubpages extension."""
-
-import pytest
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-githubpages')
-def test_githubpages(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    assert (app.outdir / '.nojekyll').exists()
-    assert not (app.outdir / 'CNAME').exists()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-githubpages',
-                    confoverrides={'html_baseurl': 'https://sphinx-doc.github.io'})
-def test_no_cname_for_github_io_domain(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    assert (app.outdir / '.nojekyll').exists()
-    assert not (app.outdir / 'CNAME').exists()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-githubpages',
-                    confoverrides={'html_baseurl': 'https://sphinx-doc.org'})
-def test_cname_for_custom_domain(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    assert (app.outdir / '.nojekyll').exists()
-    assert (app.outdir / 'CNAME').read_text(encoding='utf8') == 'sphinx-doc.org'
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_graphviz.py b/tests/test_ext_graphviz.py
deleted file mode 100644
index d63dc2a..0000000
--- a/tests/test_ext_graphviz.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,196 +0,0 @@
-"""Test sphinx.ext.graphviz extension."""
-
-import re
-import sys
-
-import pytest
-
-from sphinx.ext.graphviz import ClickableMapDefinition
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-graphviz')
-@pytest.mark.usefixtures('if_graphviz_found')
-def test_graphviz_png_html(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    html = (r'<figure class="align-default" .*?>\s*'
-            r'<div class="graphviz"><img .*?/></div>\s*<figcaption>\s*'
-            r'<p><span class="caption-text">caption of graph</span>.*</p>\s*'
-            r'</figcaption>\s*</figure>')
-    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
-
-    html = 'Hello <div class="graphviz"><img .*?/></div>\n graphviz world'
-    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
-
-    html = ('<img src=".*?" alt="digraph foo {\nbaz -&gt; qux\n}" '
-            'class="graphviz neato-graph" />')
-    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
-
-    html = (r'<figure class="align-right" .*?>\s*'
-            r'<div class="graphviz"><img .*?/></div>\s*<figcaption>\s*'
-            r'<p><span class="caption-text">on <em>right</em></span>.*</p>\s*'
-            r'</figcaption>\s*</figure>')
-    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
-
-    html = (r'<div align=\"center\" class=\"align-center\">'
-            r'<div class="graphviz"><img src=\".*\.png\" alt=\"digraph foo {\n'
-            r'centered\n'
-            r'}\" class="graphviz" /></div>\n</div>')
-    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-graphviz',
-                    confoverrides={'graphviz_output_format': 'svg'})
-@pytest.mark.usefixtures('if_graphviz_found')
-def test_graphviz_svg_html(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    html = (r'<figure class=\"align-default\" .*?>\n'
-            r'<div class="graphviz"><object data=\".*\.svg\".*>\n'
-            r'\s*<p class=\"warning\">digraph foo {\n'
-            r'bar -&gt; baz\n'
-            r'}</p></object></div>\n'
-            r'<figcaption>\n'
-            r'<p><span class=\"caption-text\">caption of graph</span>.*</p>\n'
-            r'</figcaption>\n'
-            r'</figure>')
-    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
-
-    html = (r'Hello <div class="graphviz"><object.*>\n'
-            r'\s*<p class=\"warning\">graph</p></object></div>\n'
-            r' graphviz world')
-    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
-
-    html = (r'<figure class=\"align-right\" .*\>\n'
-            r'<div class="graphviz"><object data=\".*\.svg\".*>\n'
-            r'\s*<p class=\"warning\">digraph bar {\n'
-            r'foo -&gt; bar\n'
-            r'}</p></object></div>\n'
-            r'<figcaption>\n'
-            r'<p><span class=\"caption-text\">on <em>right</em></span>.*</p>\n'
-            r'</figcaption>\n'
-            r'</figure>')
-    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
-
-    html = (r'<div align=\"center\" class=\"align-center\">'
-            r'<div class="graphviz"><object data=\".*\.svg\".*>\n'
-            r'\s*<p class=\"warning\">digraph foo {\n'
-            r'centered\n'
-            r'}</p></object></div>\n'
-            r'</div>')
-    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
-
-    image_re = r'.*data="([^"]+)".*?digraph test'
-    image_path_match = re.search(image_re, content, re.S)
-    assert image_path_match
-
-    image_path = image_path_match.group(1)
-    image_content = (app.outdir / image_path).read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    if sys.platform == 'win32':
-        assert '".\\_static\\' not in image_content
-        assert r'<ns0:image ns1:href="..\_static\images\test.svg"' in image_content
-        assert r'<ns0:a ns1:href="..\_static\images\test.svg"' in image_content
-    else:
-        assert '"./_static/' not in image_content
-        assert '<ns0:image ns1:href="../_static/images/test.svg"' in image_content
-        assert '<ns0:a ns1:href="../_static/images/test.svg"' in image_content
-    assert '<ns0:a ns1:href="..#graphviz"' in image_content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='ext-graphviz')
-@pytest.mark.usefixtures('if_graphviz_found')
-def test_graphviz_latex(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    macro = ('\\\\begin{figure}\\[htbp\\]\n\\\\centering\n\\\\capstart\n\n'
-             '\\\\sphinxincludegraphics\\[\\]{graphviz-\\w+.pdf}\n'
-             '\\\\caption{caption of graph}\\\\label{.*}\\\\end{figure}')
-    assert re.search(macro, content, re.S)
-
-    macro = 'Hello \\\\sphinxincludegraphics\\[\\]{graphviz-\\w+.pdf} graphviz world'
-    assert re.search(macro, content, re.S)
-
-    macro = ('\\\\begin{wrapfigure}{r}{0pt}\n\\\\centering\n'
-             '\\\\sphinxincludegraphics\\[\\]{graphviz-\\w+.pdf}\n'
-             '\\\\caption{on \\\\sphinxstyleemphasis{right}}'
-             '\\\\label{.*}\\\\end{wrapfigure}')
-    assert re.search(macro, content, re.S)
-
-    macro = (r'\{\\hfill'
-             r'\\sphinxincludegraphics\[\]{graphviz-.*}'
-             r'\\hspace\*{\\fill}}')
-    assert re.search(macro, content, re.S)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-graphviz', confoverrides={'language': 'xx'})
-@pytest.mark.usefixtures('if_graphviz_found')
-def test_graphviz_i18n(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    html = '<img src=".*?" alt="digraph {\n  BAR -&gt; BAZ\n}" class="graphviz" />'
-    assert re.search(html, content, re.M)
-
-
-def test_graphviz_parse_mapfile():
-    # empty graph
-    code = ('# digraph {\n'
-            '# }\n')
-    content = ('<map id="%3" name="%3">\n'
-               '</map>')
-    cmap = ClickableMapDefinition('dummy.map', content, code)
-    assert cmap.filename == 'dummy.map'
-    assert cmap.id == 'grapvizb08107169e'
-    assert len(cmap.clickable) == 0
-    assert cmap.generate_clickable_map() == ''
-
-    # normal graph
-    code = ('digraph {\n'
-            '  foo [href="http://www.google.com/"];\n'
-            '  foo -> bar;\n'
-            '}\n')
-    content = ('<map id="%3" name="%3">\n'
-               '<area shape="poly" id="node1" href="http://www.google.com/" title="foo" alt=""'
-               ' coords="77,29,76,22,70,15,62,10,52,7,41,5,30,7,20,10,12,15,7,22,5,29,7,37,12,'
-               '43,20,49,30,52,41,53,52,52,62,49,70,43,76,37"/>\n'
-               '</map>')
-    cmap = ClickableMapDefinition('dummy.map', content, code)
-    assert cmap.filename == 'dummy.map'
-    assert cmap.id == 'grapviza4ccdd48ce'
-    assert len(cmap.clickable) == 1
-    assert cmap.generate_clickable_map() == content.replace('%3', cmap.id)
-
-    # inheritance-diagram:: sphinx.builders.html
-    content = (
-        '<map id="inheritance66ff5471b9" name="inheritance66ff5471b9">\n'
-        '<area shape="rect" id="node1" title="Builds target formats from the reST sources."'
-        ' alt="" coords="26,95,125,110"/>\n'
-        '<area shape="rect" id="node5" title="Builds standalone HTML docs."'
-        ' alt="" coords="179,95,362,110"/>\n'
-        '<area shape="rect" id="node2" title="buildinfo file manipulator." '
-        ' alt="" coords="14,64,138,80"/>\n'
-        '<area shape="rect" id="node3" title="The container of stylesheets."'
-        ' alt="" coords="3,34,148,49"/>\n'
-        '<area shape="rect" id="node4" title="A StandaloneHTMLBuilder that creates all HTML'
-        ' pages as &quot;index.html&quot; in" alt="" coords="395,64,569,80"/>\n'
-        '<area shape="rect" id="node7" title="An abstract builder that serializes'
-        ' the generated HTML." alt="" coords="392,95,571,110"/>\n'
-        '<area shape="rect" id="node9" title="A StandaloneHTMLBuilder subclass that puts'
-        ' the whole document tree on one" alt="" coords="393,125,570,141"/>\n'
-        '<area shape="rect" id="node6" title="A builder that dumps the generated HTML'
-        ' into JSON files." alt="" coords="602,80,765,95"/>\n'
-        '<area shape="rect" id="node8" title="A Builder that dumps the generated HTML'
-        ' into pickle files." alt="" coords="602,110,765,125"/>\n'
-        '<area shape="rect" id="node10" title="The metadata of stylesheet."'
-        ' alt="" coords="11,3,141,19"/>\n'
-        '</map>'
-    )
-    cmap = ClickableMapDefinition('dummy.map', content, 'dummy_code')
-    assert cmap.filename == 'dummy.map'
-    assert cmap.id == 'inheritance66ff5471b9'
-    assert len(cmap.clickable) == 0
-    assert cmap.generate_clickable_map() == ''
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_ifconfig.py b/tests/test_ext_ifconfig.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 0292699..0000000
--- a/tests/test_ext_ifconfig.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-"""Test sphinx.ext.ifconfig extension."""
-
-import docutils.utils
-import pytest
-
-from sphinx import addnodes
-from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-ifconfig')
-def test_ifconfig(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert 'spam' in result
-    assert 'ham' not in result
-
-
-def test_ifconfig_content_line_number(app):
-    app.setup_extension("sphinx.ext.ifconfig")
-    text = (".. ifconfig:: confval1\n" +
-            "\n" +
-            "   Some link here: :ref:`abc`\n")
-    doc = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    xrefs = list(doc.findall(condition=addnodes.pending_xref))
-    assert len(xrefs) == 1
-    source, line = docutils.utils.get_source_line(xrefs[0])
-    assert 'index.rst' in source
-    assert line == 3
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_imgconverter.py b/tests/test_ext_imgconverter.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 18be700..0000000
--- a/tests/test_ext_imgconverter.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-"""Test sphinx.ext.imgconverter extension."""
-
-import subprocess
-
-import pytest
-
-
-@pytest.fixture()
-def _if_converter_found(app):
-    image_converter = getattr(app.config, 'image_converter', '')
-    try:
-        if image_converter:
-            subprocess.run([image_converter, '-version'], capture_output=True)  # show version
-            return
-    except OSError:  # No such file or directory
-        pass
-
-    pytest.skip('image_converter "%s" is not available' % image_converter)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.usefixtures('_if_converter_found')
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='ext-imgconverter')
-def test_ext_imgconverter(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    # supported image (not converted)
-    assert '\\sphinxincludegraphics{{img}.pdf}' in content
-
-    # non supported image (converted)
-    assert '\\sphinxincludegraphics{{svgimg}.png}' in content
-    assert not (app.outdir / 'svgimg.svg').exists()
-    assert (app.outdir / 'svgimg.png').exists()
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_imgmockconverter.py b/tests/test_ext_imgmockconverter.py
deleted file mode 100644
index b5d4e79..0000000
--- a/tests/test_ext_imgmockconverter.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-"""Test image converter with identical basenames"""
-
-import pytest
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='ext-imgmockconverter')
-def test_ext_imgmockconverter(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    # check identical basenames give distinct files
-    assert '\\sphinxincludegraphics{{svgimg}.pdf}' in content
-    assert '\\sphinxincludegraphics{{svgimg1}.pdf}' in content
-    assert not (app.outdir / 'svgimg.svg').exists()
-    assert (app.outdir / 'svgimg.pdf').exists()
-    assert (app.outdir / 'svgimg1.pdf').exists()
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_inheritance_diagram.py b/tests/test_ext_inheritance_diagram.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 9ace5ad..0000000
--- a/tests/test_ext_inheritance_diagram.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,342 +0,0 @@
-"""Test sphinx.ext.inheritance_diagram extension."""
-
-import os
-import re
-import sys
-import zlib
-
-import pytest
-
-from sphinx.ext.inheritance_diagram import (
-    InheritanceDiagram,
-    InheritanceException,
-    import_classes,
-)
-from sphinx.ext.intersphinx import load_mappings, normalize_intersphinx_mapping
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername="html", testroot="inheritance")
-@pytest.mark.usefixtures('if_graphviz_found')
-def test_inheritance_diagram(app, status, warning):
-    # monkey-patch InheritaceDiagram.run() so we can get access to its
-    # results.
-    orig_run = InheritanceDiagram.run
-    graphs = {}
-
-    def new_run(self):
-        result = orig_run(self)
-        node = result[0]
-        source = os.path.basename(node.document.current_source).replace(".rst", "")
-        graphs[source] = node['graph']
-        return result
-
-    InheritanceDiagram.run = new_run
-
-    try:
-        app.builder.build_all()
-    finally:
-        InheritanceDiagram.run = orig_run
-
-    assert app.statuscode == 0
-
-    html_warnings = warning.getvalue()
-    assert html_warnings == ""
-
-    # note: it is better to split these asserts into separate test functions
-    # but I can't figure out how to build only a specific .rst file
-
-    # basic inheritance diagram showing all classes
-    for cls in graphs['basic_diagram'].class_info:
-        # use in b/c traversing order is different sometimes
-        assert cls in [
-            ('dummy.test.A', 'dummy.test.A', [], None),
-            ('dummy.test.F', 'dummy.test.F', ['dummy.test.C'], None),
-            ('dummy.test.C', 'dummy.test.C', ['dummy.test.A'], None),
-            ('dummy.test.E', 'dummy.test.E', ['dummy.test.B'], None),
-            ('dummy.test.D', 'dummy.test.D', ['dummy.test.B', 'dummy.test.C'], None),
-            ('dummy.test.B', 'dummy.test.B', ['dummy.test.A'], None),
-        ]
-
-    # inheritance diagram using :parts: 1 option
-    for cls in graphs['diagram_w_parts'].class_info:
-        assert cls in [
-            ('A', 'dummy.test.A', [], None),
-            ('F', 'dummy.test.F', ['C'], None),
-            ('C', 'dummy.test.C', ['A'], None),
-            ('E', 'dummy.test.E', ['B'], None),
-            ('D', 'dummy.test.D', ['B', 'C'], None),
-            ('B', 'dummy.test.B', ['A'], None),
-        ]
-
-    # inheritance diagram with 1 top class
-    # :top-classes: dummy.test.B
-    # rendering should be
-    #       A
-    #        \
-    #     B   C
-    #    / \ / \
-    #   E   D   F
-    #
-    for cls in graphs['diagram_w_1_top_class'].class_info:
-        assert cls in [
-            ('dummy.test.A', 'dummy.test.A', [], None),
-            ('dummy.test.F', 'dummy.test.F', ['dummy.test.C'], None),
-            ('dummy.test.C', 'dummy.test.C', ['dummy.test.A'], None),
-            ('dummy.test.E', 'dummy.test.E', ['dummy.test.B'], None),
-            ('dummy.test.D', 'dummy.test.D', ['dummy.test.B', 'dummy.test.C'], None),
-            ('dummy.test.B', 'dummy.test.B', [], None),
-        ]
-
-    # inheritance diagram with 2 top classes
-    # :top-classes: dummy.test.B, dummy.test.C
-    # Note: we're specifying separate classes, not the entire module here
-    # rendering should be
-    #
-    #     B   C
-    #    / \ / \
-    #   E   D   F
-    #
-    for cls in graphs['diagram_w_2_top_classes'].class_info:
-        assert cls in [
-            ('dummy.test.F', 'dummy.test.F', ['dummy.test.C'], None),
-            ('dummy.test.C', 'dummy.test.C', [], None),
-            ('dummy.test.E', 'dummy.test.E', ['dummy.test.B'], None),
-            ('dummy.test.D', 'dummy.test.D', ['dummy.test.B', 'dummy.test.C'], None),
-            ('dummy.test.B', 'dummy.test.B', [], None),
-        ]
-
-    # inheritance diagram with 2 top classes and specifying the entire module
-    # rendering should be
-    #
-    #       A
-    #     B   C
-    #    / \ / \
-    #   E   D   F
-    #
-    # Note: dummy.test.A is included in the graph before its descendants are even processed
-    # b/c we've specified to load the entire module. The way InheritanceGraph works it is very
-    # hard to exclude parent classes once after they have been included in the graph.
-    # If you'd like to not show class A in the graph don't specify the entire module.
-    # this is a known issue.
-    for cls in graphs['diagram_module_w_2_top_classes'].class_info:
-        assert cls in [
-            ('dummy.test.F', 'dummy.test.F', ['dummy.test.C'], None),
-            ('dummy.test.C', 'dummy.test.C', [], None),
-            ('dummy.test.E', 'dummy.test.E', ['dummy.test.B'], None),
-            ('dummy.test.D', 'dummy.test.D', ['dummy.test.B', 'dummy.test.C'], None),
-            ('dummy.test.B', 'dummy.test.B', [], None),
-            ('dummy.test.A', 'dummy.test.A', [], None),
-        ]
-
-    # inheritance diagram involving a base class nested within another class
-    for cls in graphs['diagram_w_nested_classes'].class_info:
-        assert cls in [
-            ('dummy.test_nested.A', 'dummy.test_nested.A', [], None),
-            ('dummy.test_nested.C', 'dummy.test_nested.C', ['dummy.test_nested.A.B'], None),
-            ('dummy.test_nested.A.B', 'dummy.test_nested.A.B', [], None),
-        ]
-
-
-# An external inventory to test intersphinx links in inheritance diagrams
-external_inventory = b'''\
-# Sphinx inventory version 2
-# Project: external
-# Version: 1.0
-# The remainder of this file is compressed using zlib.
-''' + zlib.compress(b'''\
-external.other.Bob py:class 1 foo.html#external.other.Bob -
-''')
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-inheritance_diagram')
-@pytest.mark.usefixtures('if_graphviz_found')
-def test_inheritance_diagram_png_html(tmp_path, app):
-    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
-    inv_file.write_bytes(external_inventory)
-    app.config.intersphinx_mapping = {
-        'https://example.org': str(inv_file),
-    }
-    app.config.intersphinx_cache_limit = 0
-    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
-    load_mappings(app)
-
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    base_maps = re.findall('<map .+\n.+\n</map>', content)
-
-    pattern = ('<figure class="align-default" id="id1">\n'
-               '<div class="graphviz">'
-               '<img src="_images/inheritance-\\w+.png" alt="Inheritance diagram of test.Foo" '
-               'class="inheritance graphviz" /></div>\n<figcaption>\n<p>'
-               '<span class="caption-text">Test Foo!</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id1" '
-               'title="Link to this image">\xb6</a></p>\n</figcaption>\n</figure>\n')
-    assert re.search(pattern, content, re.M)
-
-    subdir_content = (app.outdir / 'subdir/page1.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    subdir_maps = re.findall('<map .+\n.+\n</map>', subdir_content)
-    subdir_maps = [re.sub('href="(\\S+)"', 'href="subdir/\\g<1>"', s) for s in subdir_maps]
-
-    # Go through the clickmap for every PNG inheritance diagram
-    for diagram_content in base_maps + subdir_maps:
-        # Verify that an intersphinx link was created via the external inventory
-        if 'subdir.' in diagram_content:
-            assert "https://example.org" in diagram_content
-
-        # Extract every link in the inheritance diagram
-        for href in re.findall('href="(\\S+?)"', diagram_content):
-            if '://' in href:
-                # Verify that absolute URLs are not prefixed with ../
-                assert href.startswith("https://example.org/")
-            else:
-                # Verify that relative URLs point to existing documents
-                reluri = href.rsplit('#', 1)[0]  # strip the anchor at the end
-                assert (app.outdir / reluri).exists()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-inheritance_diagram',
-                    confoverrides={'graphviz_output_format': 'svg'})
-@pytest.mark.usefixtures('if_graphviz_found')
-def test_inheritance_diagram_svg_html(tmp_path, app):
-    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
-    inv_file.write_bytes(external_inventory)
-    app.config.intersphinx_mapping = {
-        "subdir": ('https://example.org', str(inv_file)),
-    }
-    app.config.intersphinx_cache_limit = 0
-    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
-    load_mappings(app)
-
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    base_svgs = re.findall('<object data="(_images/inheritance-\\w+.svg?)"', content)
-
-    pattern = ('<figure class="align-default" id="id1">\n'
-               '<div class="graphviz">'
-               '<object data="_images/inheritance-\\w+.svg" '
-               'type="image/svg\\+xml" class="inheritance graphviz">\n'
-               '<p class=\"warning\">Inheritance diagram of test.Foo</p>'
-               '</object></div>\n<figcaption>\n<p><span class="caption-text">'
-               'Test Foo!</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id1" '
-               'title="Link to this image">\xb6</a></p>\n</figcaption>\n</figure>\n')
-
-    assert re.search(pattern, content, re.M)
-
-    subdir_content = (app.outdir / 'subdir/page1.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    subdir_svgs = re.findall('<object data="../(_images/inheritance-\\w+.svg?)"', subdir_content)
-
-    # Go through every SVG inheritance diagram
-    for diagram in base_svgs + subdir_svgs:
-        diagram_content = (app.outdir / diagram).read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-        # Verify that an intersphinx link was created via the external inventory
-        if 'subdir.' in diagram_content:
-            assert "https://example.org" in diagram_content
-
-        # Extract every link in the inheritance diagram
-        for href in re.findall('href="(\\S+?)"', diagram_content):
-            if '://' in href:
-                # Verify that absolute URLs are not prefixed with ../
-                assert href.startswith("https://example.org/")
-            else:
-                # Verify that relative URLs point to existing documents
-                reluri = href.rsplit('#', 1)[0]  # strip the anchor at the end
-                abs_uri = (app.outdir / app.builder.imagedir / reluri).resolve()
-                assert abs_uri.exists()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='ext-inheritance_diagram')
-@pytest.mark.usefixtures('if_graphviz_found')
-def test_inheritance_diagram_latex(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    pattern = ('\\\\begin{figure}\\[htbp]\n\\\\centering\n\\\\capstart\n\n'
-               '\\\\sphinxincludegraphics\\[\\]{inheritance-\\w+.pdf}\n'
-               '\\\\caption{Test Foo!}\\\\label{\\\\detokenize{index:id1}}\\\\end{figure}')
-    assert re.search(pattern, content, re.M)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-inheritance_diagram',
-                    srcdir='ext-inheritance_diagram-alias')
-@pytest.mark.usefixtures('if_graphviz_found')
-def test_inheritance_diagram_latex_alias(app, status, warning):
-    app.config.inheritance_alias = {'test.Foo': 'alias.Foo'}
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    doc = app.env.get_and_resolve_doctree('index', app)
-    aliased_graph = doc.children[0].children[3]['graph'].class_info
-    assert len(aliased_graph) == 4
-    assert ('test.DocSubDir2', 'test.DocSubDir2', ['test.DocSubDir1'], None) in aliased_graph
-    assert ('test.DocSubDir1', 'test.DocSubDir1', ['test.DocHere'], None) in aliased_graph
-    assert ('test.DocHere', 'test.DocHere', ['alias.Foo'], None) in aliased_graph
-    assert ('alias.Foo', 'alias.Foo', [], None) in aliased_graph
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    pattern = ('<figure class="align-default" id="id1">\n'
-               '<div class="graphviz">'
-               '<img src="_images/inheritance-\\w+.png" alt="Inheritance diagram of test.Foo" '
-               'class="inheritance graphviz" /></div>\n<figcaption>\n<p>'
-               '<span class="caption-text">Test Foo!</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id1" '
-               'title="Link to this image">\xb6</a></p>\n</figcaption>\n</figure>\n')
-    assert re.search(pattern, content, re.M)
-
-
-def test_import_classes(rootdir):
-    from sphinx.parsers import Parser, RSTParser
-    from sphinx.util.i18n import CatalogInfo
-
-    try:
-        sys.path.append(str(rootdir / 'test-ext-inheritance_diagram'))
-        from example.sphinx import DummyClass
-
-        # got exception for unknown class or module
-        with pytest.raises(InheritanceException):
-            import_classes('unknown', None)
-        with pytest.raises(InheritanceException):
-            import_classes('unknown.Unknown', None)
-
-        # got exception InheritanceException for wrong class or module
-        # not AttributeError (refs: #4019)
-        with pytest.raises(InheritanceException):
-            import_classes('unknown', '.')
-        with pytest.raises(InheritanceException):
-            import_classes('unknown.Unknown', '.')
-        with pytest.raises(InheritanceException):
-            import_classes('.', None)
-
-        # a module having no classes
-        classes = import_classes('sphinx', None)
-        assert classes == []
-
-        classes = import_classes('sphinx', 'foo')
-        assert classes == []
-
-        # all of classes in the module
-        classes = import_classes('sphinx.parsers', None)
-        assert set(classes) == {Parser, RSTParser}
-
-        # specified class in the module
-        classes = import_classes('sphinx.parsers.Parser', None)
-        assert classes == [Parser]
-
-        # specified class in current module
-        classes = import_classes('Parser', 'sphinx.parsers')
-        assert classes == [Parser]
-
-        # relative module name to current module
-        classes = import_classes('i18n.CatalogInfo', 'sphinx.util')
-        assert classes == [CatalogInfo]
-
-        # got exception for functions
-        with pytest.raises(InheritanceException):
-            import_classes('encode_uri', 'sphinx.util')
-
-        # import submodule on current module (refs: #3164)
-        classes = import_classes('sphinx', 'example')
-        assert classes == [DummyClass]
-    finally:
-        sys.path.pop()
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_intersphinx.py b/tests/test_ext_intersphinx.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 82bec9e..0000000
--- a/tests/test_ext_intersphinx.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,568 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the intersphinx extension."""
-
-import http.server
-from unittest import mock
-
-import pytest
-from docutils import nodes
-
-from sphinx import addnodes
-from sphinx.ext.intersphinx import (
-    INVENTORY_FILENAME,
-    _get_safe_url,
-    _strip_basic_auth,
-    fetch_inventory,
-    inspect_main,
-    load_mappings,
-    missing_reference,
-    normalize_intersphinx_mapping,
-)
-from sphinx.ext.intersphinx import setup as intersphinx_setup
-
-from .test_util_inventory import inventory_v2, inventory_v2_not_having_version
-from .utils import http_server
-
-
-def fake_node(domain, type, target, content, **attrs):
-    contnode = nodes.emphasis(content, content)
-    node = addnodes.pending_xref('')
-    node['reftarget'] = target
-    node['reftype'] = type
-    node['refdomain'] = domain
-    node.attributes.update(attrs)
-    node += contnode
-    return node, contnode
-
-
-def reference_check(app, *args, **kwds):
-    node, contnode = fake_node(*args, **kwds)
-    return missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
-
-
-def set_config(app, mapping):
-    app.config.intersphinx_mapping = mapping
-    app.config.intersphinx_cache_limit = 0
-    app.config.intersphinx_disabled_reftypes = []
-
-
-@mock.patch('sphinx.ext.intersphinx.InventoryFile')
-@mock.patch('sphinx.ext.intersphinx._read_from_url')
-def test_fetch_inventory_redirection(_read_from_url, InventoryFile, app, status, warning):  # NoQA: PT019
-    intersphinx_setup(app)
-    _read_from_url().readline.return_value = b'# Sphinx inventory version 2'
-
-    # same uri and inv, not redirected
-    _read_from_url().url = 'http://hostname/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME
-    fetch_inventory(app, 'http://hostname/', 'http://hostname/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME)
-    assert 'intersphinx inventory has moved' not in status.getvalue()
-    assert InventoryFile.load.call_args[0][1] == 'http://hostname/'
-
-    # same uri and inv, redirected
-    status.seek(0)
-    status.truncate(0)
-    _read_from_url().url = 'http://hostname/new/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME
-
-    fetch_inventory(app, 'http://hostname/', 'http://hostname/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME)
-    assert status.getvalue() == ('intersphinx inventory has moved: '
-                                 'http://hostname/%s -> http://hostname/new/%s\n' %
-                                 (INVENTORY_FILENAME, INVENTORY_FILENAME))
-    assert InventoryFile.load.call_args[0][1] == 'http://hostname/new'
-
-    # different uri and inv, not redirected
-    status.seek(0)
-    status.truncate(0)
-    _read_from_url().url = 'http://hostname/new/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME
-
-    fetch_inventory(app, 'http://hostname/', 'http://hostname/new/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME)
-    assert 'intersphinx inventory has moved' not in status.getvalue()
-    assert InventoryFile.load.call_args[0][1] == 'http://hostname/'
-
-    # different uri and inv, redirected
-    status.seek(0)
-    status.truncate(0)
-    _read_from_url().url = 'http://hostname/other/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME
-
-    fetch_inventory(app, 'http://hostname/', 'http://hostname/new/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME)
-    assert status.getvalue() == ('intersphinx inventory has moved: '
-                                 'http://hostname/new/%s -> http://hostname/other/%s\n' %
-                                 (INVENTORY_FILENAME, INVENTORY_FILENAME))
-    assert InventoryFile.load.call_args[0][1] == 'http://hostname/'
-
-
-def test_missing_reference(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
-    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
-    inv_file.write_bytes(inventory_v2)
-    set_config(app, {
-        'https://docs.python.org/': str(inv_file),
-        'py3k': ('https://docs.python.org/py3k/', str(inv_file)),
-        'py3krel': ('py3k', str(inv_file)),  # relative path
-        'py3krelparent': ('../../py3k', str(inv_file)),  # relative path, parent dir
-    })
-
-    # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
-    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
-    load_mappings(app)
-    inv = app.env.intersphinx_inventory
-
-    assert inv['py:module']['module2'] == \
-        ('foo', '2.0', 'https://docs.python.org/foo.html#module-module2', '-')
-
-    # check resolution when a target is found
-    rn = reference_check(app, 'py', 'func', 'module1.func', 'foo')
-    assert isinstance(rn, nodes.reference)
-    assert rn['refuri'] == 'https://docs.python.org/sub/foo.html#module1.func'
-    assert rn['reftitle'] == '(in foo v2.0)'
-    assert rn[0].astext() == 'foo'
-
-    # create unresolvable nodes and check None return value
-    assert reference_check(app, 'py', 'foo', 'module1.func', 'foo') is None
-    assert reference_check(app, 'py', 'func', 'foo', 'foo') is None
-    assert reference_check(app, 'py', 'func', 'foo', 'foo') is None
-
-    # check handling of prefixes
-
-    # prefix given, target found: prefix is stripped
-    rn = reference_check(app, 'py', 'mod', 'py3k:module2', 'py3k:module2')
-    assert rn[0].astext() == 'module2'
-
-    # prefix given, but not in title: nothing stripped
-    rn = reference_check(app, 'py', 'mod', 'py3k:module2', 'module2')
-    assert rn[0].astext() == 'module2'
-
-    # prefix given, but explicit: nothing stripped
-    rn = reference_check(app, 'py', 'mod', 'py3k:module2', 'py3k:module2',
-                         refexplicit=True)
-    assert rn[0].astext() == 'py3k:module2'
-
-    # prefix given, target not found and nonexplicit title: prefix is not stripped
-    node, contnode = fake_node('py', 'mod', 'py3k:unknown', 'py3k:unknown',
-                               refexplicit=False)
-    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
-    assert rn is None
-    assert contnode[0].astext() == 'py3k:unknown'
-
-    # prefix given, target not found and explicit title: nothing is changed
-    node, contnode = fake_node('py', 'mod', 'py3k:unknown', 'py3k:unknown',
-                               refexplicit=True)
-    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
-    assert rn is None
-    assert contnode[0].astext() == 'py3k:unknown'
-
-    # check relative paths
-    rn = reference_check(app, 'py', 'mod', 'py3krel:module1', 'foo')
-    assert rn['refuri'] == 'py3k/foo.html#module-module1'
-
-    rn = reference_check(app, 'py', 'mod', 'py3krelparent:module1', 'foo')
-    assert rn['refuri'] == '../../py3k/foo.html#module-module1'
-
-    rn = reference_check(app, 'py', 'mod', 'py3krel:module1', 'foo', refdoc='sub/dir/test')
-    assert rn['refuri'] == '../../py3k/foo.html#module-module1'
-
-    rn = reference_check(app, 'py', 'mod', 'py3krelparent:module1', 'foo',
-                         refdoc='sub/dir/test')
-    assert rn['refuri'] == '../../../../py3k/foo.html#module-module1'
-
-    # check refs of standard domain
-    rn = reference_check(app, 'std', 'doc', 'docname', 'docname')
-    assert rn['refuri'] == 'https://docs.python.org/docname.html'
-
-
-def test_missing_reference_pydomain(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
-    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
-    inv_file.write_bytes(inventory_v2)
-    set_config(app, {
-        'https://docs.python.org/': str(inv_file),
-    })
-
-    # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
-    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
-    load_mappings(app)
-
-    # no context data
-    kwargs = {}
-    node, contnode = fake_node('py', 'func', 'func', 'func()', **kwargs)
-    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
-    assert rn is None
-
-    # py:module context helps to search objects
-    kwargs = {'py:module': 'module1'}
-    node, contnode = fake_node('py', 'func', 'func', 'func()', **kwargs)
-    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
-    assert rn.astext() == 'func()'
-
-    # py:attr context helps to search objects
-    kwargs = {'py:module': 'module1'}
-    node, contnode = fake_node('py', 'attr', 'Foo.bar', 'Foo.bar', **kwargs)
-    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
-    assert rn.astext() == 'Foo.bar'
-
-    # term reference (normal)
-    node, contnode = fake_node('std', 'term', 'a term', 'a term')
-    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
-    assert rn.astext() == 'a term'
-
-    # term reference (case insensitive)
-    node, contnode = fake_node('std', 'term', 'A TERM', 'A TERM')
-    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
-    assert rn.astext() == 'A TERM'
-
-
-def test_missing_reference_stddomain(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
-    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
-    inv_file.write_bytes(inventory_v2)
-    set_config(app, {
-        'cmd': ('https://docs.python.org/', str(inv_file)),
-    })
-
-    # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
-    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
-    load_mappings(app)
-
-    # no context data
-    kwargs = {}
-    node, contnode = fake_node('std', 'option', '-l', '-l', **kwargs)
-    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
-    assert rn is None
-
-    # std:program context helps to search objects
-    kwargs = {'std:program': 'ls'}
-    node, contnode = fake_node('std', 'option', '-l', 'ls -l', **kwargs)
-    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
-    assert rn.astext() == 'ls -l'
-
-    # refers inventory by name
-    kwargs = {}
-    node, contnode = fake_node('std', 'option', 'cmd:ls -l', '-l', **kwargs)
-    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
-    assert rn.astext() == '-l'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-intersphinx-cppdomain')
-def test_missing_reference_cppdomain(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
-    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
-    inv_file.write_bytes(inventory_v2)
-    set_config(app, {
-        'https://docs.python.org/': str(inv_file),
-    })
-
-    # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
-    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
-    load_mappings(app)
-
-    app.build()
-    html = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('<a class="reference external"'
-            ' href="https://docs.python.org/index.html#cpp_foo_bar"'
-            ' title="(in foo v2.0)">'
-            '<code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate">'
-            '<span class="pre">Bar</span></code></a>' in html)
-    assert ('<a class="reference external"'
-            ' href="https://docs.python.org/index.html#foons"'
-            ' title="(in foo v2.0)"><span class="n"><span class="pre">foons</span></span></a>' in html)
-    assert ('<a class="reference external"'
-            ' href="https://docs.python.org/index.html#foons_bartype"'
-            ' title="(in foo v2.0)"><span class="n"><span class="pre">bartype</span></span></a>' in html)
-
-
-def test_missing_reference_jsdomain(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
-    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
-    inv_file.write_bytes(inventory_v2)
-    set_config(app, {
-        'https://docs.python.org/': str(inv_file),
-    })
-
-    # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
-    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
-    load_mappings(app)
-
-    # no context data
-    kwargs = {}
-    node, contnode = fake_node('js', 'meth', 'baz', 'baz()', **kwargs)
-    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
-    assert rn is None
-
-    # js:module and js:object context helps to search objects
-    kwargs = {'js:module': 'foo', 'js:object': 'bar'}
-    node, contnode = fake_node('js', 'meth', 'baz', 'baz()', **kwargs)
-    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
-    assert rn.astext() == 'baz()'
-
-
-def test_missing_reference_disabled_domain(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
-    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
-    inv_file.write_bytes(inventory_v2)
-    set_config(app, {
-        'inv': ('https://docs.python.org/', str(inv_file)),
-    })
-
-    # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
-    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
-    load_mappings(app)
-
-    def case(*, term, doc, py):
-        def assert_(rn, expected):
-            if expected is None:
-                assert rn is None
-            else:
-                assert rn.astext() == expected
-
-        kwargs = {}
-
-        node, contnode = fake_node('std', 'term', 'a term', 'a term', **kwargs)
-        rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
-        assert_(rn, 'a term' if term else None)
-
-        node, contnode = fake_node('std', 'term', 'inv:a term', 'a term', **kwargs)
-        rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
-        assert_(rn, 'a term')
-
-        node, contnode = fake_node('std', 'doc', 'docname', 'docname', **kwargs)
-        rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
-        assert_(rn, 'docname' if doc else None)
-
-        node, contnode = fake_node('std', 'doc', 'inv:docname', 'docname', **kwargs)
-        rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
-        assert_(rn, 'docname')
-
-        # an arbitrary ref in another domain
-        node, contnode = fake_node('py', 'func', 'module1.func', 'func()', **kwargs)
-        rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
-        assert_(rn, 'func()' if py else None)
-
-        node, contnode = fake_node('py', 'func', 'inv:module1.func', 'func()', **kwargs)
-        rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
-        assert_(rn, 'func()')
-
-    # the base case, everything should resolve
-    assert app.config.intersphinx_disabled_reftypes == []
-    case(term=True, doc=True, py=True)
-
-    # disabled a single ref type
-    app.config.intersphinx_disabled_reftypes = ['std:doc']
-    case(term=True, doc=False, py=True)
-
-    # disabled a whole domain
-    app.config.intersphinx_disabled_reftypes = ['std:*']
-    case(term=False, doc=False, py=True)
-
-    # disabled all domains
-    app.config.intersphinx_disabled_reftypes = ['*']
-    case(term=False, doc=False, py=False)
-
-
-def test_inventory_not_having_version(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
-    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
-    inv_file.write_bytes(inventory_v2_not_having_version)
-    set_config(app, {
-        'https://docs.python.org/': str(inv_file),
-    })
-
-    # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
-    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
-    load_mappings(app)
-
-    rn = reference_check(app, 'py', 'mod', 'module1', 'foo')
-    assert isinstance(rn, nodes.reference)
-    assert rn['refuri'] == 'https://docs.python.org/foo.html#module-module1'
-    assert rn['reftitle'] == '(in foo)'
-    assert rn[0].astext() == 'Long Module desc'
-
-
-def test_load_mappings_warnings(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
-    """
-    load_mappings issues a warning if new-style mapping
-    identifiers are not string
-    """
-    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
-    inv_file.write_bytes(inventory_v2)
-    set_config(app, {
-        'https://docs.python.org/': str(inv_file),
-        'py3k': ('https://docs.python.org/py3k/', str(inv_file)),
-        'repoze.workflow': ('http://docs.repoze.org/workflow/', str(inv_file)),
-        'django-taggit': ('http://django-taggit.readthedocs.org/en/latest/',
-                          str(inv_file)),
-        12345: ('http://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/stable/', str(inv_file)),
-    })
-
-    # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
-    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
-    load_mappings(app)
-    warnings = warning.getvalue().splitlines()
-    assert len(warnings) == 2
-    assert "The pre-Sphinx 1.0 'intersphinx_mapping' format is " in warnings[0]
-    assert 'intersphinx identifier 12345 is not string. Ignored' in warnings[1]
-
-
-def test_load_mappings_fallback(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
-    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
-    inv_file.write_bytes(inventory_v2)
-    set_config(app, {})
-
-    # connect to invalid path
-    app.config.intersphinx_mapping = {
-        'fallback': ('https://docs.python.org/py3k/', '/invalid/inventory/path'),
-    }
-    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
-    load_mappings(app)
-    assert "failed to reach any of the inventories" in warning.getvalue()
-
-    rn = reference_check(app, 'py', 'func', 'module1.func', 'foo')
-    assert rn is None
-
-    # clear messages
-    status.truncate(0)
-    warning.truncate(0)
-
-    # add fallbacks to mapping
-    app.config.intersphinx_mapping = {
-        'fallback': ('https://docs.python.org/py3k/', ('/invalid/inventory/path',
-                                                       str(inv_file))),
-    }
-    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
-    load_mappings(app)
-    assert "encountered some issues with some of the inventories" in status.getvalue()
-    assert warning.getvalue() == ""
-
-    rn = reference_check(app, 'py', 'func', 'module1.func', 'foo')
-    assert isinstance(rn, nodes.reference)
-
-
-class TestStripBasicAuth:
-    """Tests for sphinx.ext.intersphinx._strip_basic_auth()"""
-    def test_auth_stripped(self):
-        """basic auth creds stripped from URL containing creds"""
-        url = 'https://user:12345@domain.com/project/objects.inv'
-        expected = 'https://domain.com/project/objects.inv'
-        actual = _strip_basic_auth(url)
-        assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_no_auth(self):
-        """url unchanged if param doesn't contain basic auth creds"""
-        url = 'https://domain.com/project/objects.inv'
-        expected = 'https://domain.com/project/objects.inv'
-        actual = _strip_basic_auth(url)
-        assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_having_port(self):
-        """basic auth creds correctly stripped from URL containing creds even if URL
-        contains port"""
-        url = 'https://user:12345@domain.com:8080/project/objects.inv'
-        expected = 'https://domain.com:8080/project/objects.inv'
-        actual = _strip_basic_auth(url)
-        assert expected == actual
-
-
-def test_getsafeurl_authed():
-    """_get_safe_url() with a url with basic auth"""
-    url = 'https://user:12345@domain.com/project/objects.inv'
-    expected = 'https://user@domain.com/project/objects.inv'
-    actual = _get_safe_url(url)
-    assert expected == actual
-
-
-def test_getsafeurl_authed_having_port():
-    """_get_safe_url() with a url with basic auth having port"""
-    url = 'https://user:12345@domain.com:8080/project/objects.inv'
-    expected = 'https://user@domain.com:8080/project/objects.inv'
-    actual = _get_safe_url(url)
-    assert expected == actual
-
-
-def test_getsafeurl_unauthed():
-    """_get_safe_url() with a url without basic auth"""
-    url = 'https://domain.com/project/objects.inv'
-    expected = 'https://domain.com/project/objects.inv'
-    actual = _get_safe_url(url)
-    assert expected == actual
-
-
-def test_inspect_main_noargs(capsys):
-    """inspect_main interface, without arguments"""
-    assert inspect_main([]) == 1
-
-    expected = (
-        "Print out an inventory file.\n"
-        "Error: must specify local path or URL to an inventory file."
-    )
-    stdout, stderr = capsys.readouterr()
-    assert stdout == ""
-    assert stderr == expected + "\n"
-
-
-def test_inspect_main_file(capsys, tmp_path):
-    """inspect_main interface, with file argument"""
-    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
-    inv_file.write_bytes(inventory_v2)
-
-    inspect_main([str(inv_file)])
-
-    stdout, stderr = capsys.readouterr()
-    assert stdout.startswith("c:function\n")
-    assert stderr == ""
-
-
-def test_inspect_main_url(capsys):
-    """inspect_main interface, with url argument"""
-    class InventoryHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
-        def do_GET(self):
-            self.send_response(200, "OK")
-            self.end_headers()
-            self.wfile.write(inventory_v2)
-
-        def log_message(*args, **kwargs):
-            # Silenced.
-            pass
-
-    url = 'http://localhost:7777/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME
-
-    with http_server(InventoryHandler):
-        inspect_main([url])
-
-    stdout, stderr = capsys.readouterr()
-    assert stdout.startswith("c:function\n")
-    assert stderr == ""
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-intersphinx-role')
-def test_intersphinx_role(app, warning):
-    inv_file = app.srcdir / 'inventory'
-    inv_file.write_bytes(inventory_v2)
-    app.config.intersphinx_mapping = {
-        'inv': ('http://example.org/', str(inv_file)),
-    }
-    app.config.intersphinx_cache_limit = 0
-    app.config.nitpicky = True
-
-    # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
-    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
-    load_mappings(app)
-
-    app.build()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    wStr = warning.getvalue()
-
-    html = '<a class="reference external" href="http://example.org/{}" title="(in foo v2.0)">'
-    assert html.format('foo.html#module-module1') in content
-    assert html.format('foo.html#module-module2') in content
-    assert "WARNING: external py:mod reference target not found: module3" in wStr
-    assert "WARNING: external py:mod reference target not found: module10" in wStr
-
-    assert html.format('sub/foo.html#module1.func') in content
-    assert "WARNING: external py:meth reference target not found: inv:Foo.bar" in wStr
-
-    assert "WARNING: role for external cross-reference not found: py:nope" in wStr
-
-    # default domain
-    assert html.format('index.html#std_uint8_t') in content
-    assert "WARNING: role for external cross-reference not found: nope" in wStr
-
-    # std roles without domain prefix
-    assert html.format('docname.html') in content
-    assert html.format('index.html#cmdoption-ls-l') in content
-
-    # explicit inventory
-    assert html.format('cfunc.html#CFunc') in content
-    assert "WARNING: inventory for external cross-reference not found: invNope" in wStr
-
-    # explicit title
-    assert html.format('index.html#foons') in content
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_math.py b/tests/test_ext_math.py
deleted file mode 100644
index d5331f8..0000000
--- a/tests/test_ext_math.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,345 +0,0 @@
-"""Test math extensions."""
-
-import re
-import shutil
-import subprocess
-import warnings
-
-import pytest
-from docutils import nodes
-
-from sphinx.ext.mathjax import MATHJAX_URL
-from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
-
-
-def has_binary(binary):
-    try:
-        subprocess.check_output([binary])
-    except FileNotFoundError:
-        return False
-    except OSError:
-        pass
-    return True
-
-
-@pytest.mark.skipif(not has_binary('dvipng'),
-                    reason='Requires dvipng" binary')
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math-simple',
-                    confoverrides = {'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.imgmath']})
-def test_imgmath_png(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    if "LaTeX command 'latex' cannot be run" in warning.getvalue():
-        msg = 'LaTeX command "latex" is not available'
-        raise pytest.skip.Exception(msg)
-    if "dvipng command 'dvipng' cannot be run" in warning.getvalue():
-        msg = 'dvipng command "dvipng" is not available'
-        raise pytest.skip.Exception(msg)
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    shutil.rmtree(app.outdir)
-    html = (r'<div class="math">\s*<p>\s*<img src="_images/math/\w+.png"'
-            r'\s*alt="a\^2\+b\^2=c\^2"/>\s*</p>\s*</div>')
-    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.skipif(not has_binary('dvisvgm'),
-                    reason='Requires dvisvgm" binary')
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math-simple',
-                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.imgmath'],
-                                   'imgmath_image_format': 'svg'})
-def test_imgmath_svg(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    if "LaTeX command 'latex' cannot be run" in warning.getvalue():
-        msg = 'LaTeX command "latex" is not available'
-        raise pytest.skip.Exception(msg)
-    if "dvisvgm command 'dvisvgm' cannot be run" in warning.getvalue():
-        msg = 'dvisvgm command "dvisvgm" is not available'
-        raise pytest.skip.Exception(msg)
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    shutil.rmtree(app.outdir)
-    html = (r'<div class="math">\s*<p>\s*<img src="_images/math/\w+.svg"'
-            r'\s*alt="a\^2\+b\^2=c\^2"/>\s*</p>\s*</div>')
-    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.skipif(not has_binary('dvisvgm'),
-                    reason='Requires dvisvgm" binary')
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math-simple',
-                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.imgmath'],
-                                   'imgmath_image_format': 'svg',
-                                   'imgmath_embed': True})
-def test_imgmath_svg_embed(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    if "LaTeX command 'latex' cannot be run" in warning.getvalue():
-        msg = 'LaTeX command "latex" is not available'
-        raise pytest.skip.Exception(msg)
-    if "dvisvgm command 'dvisvgm' cannot be run" in warning.getvalue():
-        msg = 'dvisvgm command "dvisvgm" is not available'
-        raise pytest.skip.Exception(msg)
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    shutil.rmtree(app.outdir)
-    html = r'<img src="data:image/svg\+xml;base64,[\w\+/=]+"'
-    assert re.search(html, content, re.DOTALL)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
-                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax'],
-                                   'mathjax_options': {'integrity': 'sha384-0123456789'}})
-def test_mathjax_options(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    shutil.rmtree(app.outdir)
-    assert ('<script async="async" integrity="sha384-0123456789" '
-            'src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js">'
-            '</script>' in content)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
-                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax']})
-def test_mathjax_align(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    shutil.rmtree(app.outdir)
-    html = (r'<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">\s*'
-            r'\\\[ \\begin\{align\}\\begin\{aligned\}S \&amp;= \\pi r\^2\\\\'
-            r'V \&amp;= \\frac\{4\}\{3\} \\pi r\^3\\end\{aligned\}\\end\{align\} \\\]</div>')
-    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
-                    confoverrides={'math_number_all': True,
-                                   'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax']})
-def test_math_number_all_mathjax(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    html = (r'<div class="math notranslate nohighlight" id="equation-index-0">\s*'
-            r'<span class="eqno">\(1\)<a .*>\xb6</a></span>\\\[a\^2\+b\^2=c\^2\\\]</div>')
-    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='ext-math',
-                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax']})
-def test_math_number_all_latex(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    macro = (r'\\begin{equation\*}\s*'
-             r'\\begin{split}a\^2\+b\^2=c\^2\\end{split}\s*'
-             r'\\end{equation\*}')
-    assert re.search(macro, content, re.S)
-
-    macro = r'Inline \\\(E=mc\^2\\\)'
-    assert re.search(macro, content, re.S)
-
-    macro = (r'\\begin{equation\*}\s*'
-             r'\\begin{split}e\^{i\\pi}\+1=0\\end{split}\s+'
-             r'\\end{equation\*}')
-    assert re.search(macro, content, re.S)
-
-    macro = (r'\\begin{align\*}\\!\\begin{aligned}\s*'
-             r'S &= \\pi r\^2\\\\\s*'
-             r'V &= \\frac\{4}\{3} \\pi r\^3\\\\\s*'
-             r'\\end{aligned}\\end{align\*}')
-    assert re.search(macro, content, re.S)
-
-    macro = r'Referencing equation \\eqref{equation:math:foo}.'
-    assert re.search(macro, content, re.S)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
-                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax'],
-                                   'math_eqref_format': 'Eq.{number}'})
-def test_math_eqref_format_html(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'math.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    html = ('<p>Referencing equation <a class="reference internal" '
-            'href="#equation-foo">Eq.1</a> and <a class="reference internal" '
-            'href="#equation-foo">Eq.1</a>.</p>')
-    assert html in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='ext-math',
-                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax'],
-                                   'math_eqref_format': 'Eq.{number}'})
-def test_math_eqref_format_latex(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    macro = (r'Referencing equation Eq.\\ref{equation:math:foo} and '
-             r'Eq.\\ref{equation:math:foo}.')
-    assert re.search(macro, content, re.S)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
-                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax'],
-                                   'numfig': True,
-                                   'math_numfig': True})
-def test_mathjax_numfig_html(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'math.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    html = ('<div class="math notranslate nohighlight" id="equation-math-0">\n'
-            '<span class="eqno">(1.2)')
-    assert html in content
-    html = ('<p>Referencing equation <a class="reference internal" '
-            'href="#equation-foo">(1.1)</a> and '
-            '<a class="reference internal" href="#equation-foo">(1.1)</a>.</p>')
-    assert html in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
-                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.imgmath'],
-                                   'numfig': True,
-                                   'numfig_secnum_depth': 0,
-                                   'math_numfig': True})
-def test_imgmath_numfig_html(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'page.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    html = '<span class="eqno">(3)<a class="headerlink" href="#equation-bar"'
-    assert html in content
-    html = ('<p>Referencing equations <a class="reference internal" '
-            'href="math.html#equation-foo">(1)</a> and '
-            '<a class="reference internal" href="#equation-bar">(3)</a>.</p>')
-    assert html in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-math-compat')
-def test_math_compat(app, status, warning):
-    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True):
-        app.builder.build_all()
-        doctree = app.env.get_and_resolve_doctree('index', app.builder)
-
-        assert_node(doctree,
-                    [nodes.document, nodes.section, (nodes.title,
-                                                     [nodes.section, (nodes.title,
-                                                                      nodes.paragraph)],
-                                                     nodes.section)])
-        assert_node(doctree[0][1][1],
-                    ('Inline: ',
-                     [nodes.math, "E=mc^2"],
-                     '\nInline my math: ',
-                     [nodes.math, "E = mc^2"]))
-        assert_node(doctree[0][2],
-                    ([nodes.title, "block"],
-                     [nodes.math_block, "a^2+b^2=c^2\n\n"],
-                     [nodes.paragraph, "Second math"],
-                     [nodes.math_block, "e^{i\\pi}+1=0\n\n"],
-                     [nodes.paragraph, "Multi math equations"],
-                     [nodes.math_block, "E = mc^2"]))
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
-                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax'],
-                                   'mathjax3_config': {'extensions': ['tex2jax.js']}})
-def test_mathjax3_config(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert MATHJAX_URL in content
-    assert ('<script defer="defer" src="%s">' % MATHJAX_URL in content)
-    assert ('<script>window.MathJax = {"extensions": ["tex2jax.js"]}</script>' in content)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
-                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax'],
-                                   'mathjax2_config': {'extensions': ['tex2jax.js']}})
-def test_mathjax2_config(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('<script async="async" src="%s">' % MATHJAX_URL in content)
-    assert ('<script type="text/x-mathjax-config">'
-            'MathJax.Hub.Config({"extensions": ["tex2jax.js"]})'
-            '</script>' in content)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
-                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax'],
-                                   'mathjax_options': {'async': 'async'},
-                                   'mathjax3_config': {'extensions': ['tex2jax.js']}})
-def test_mathjax_options_async_for_mathjax3(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert MATHJAX_URL in content
-    assert ('<script async="async" src="%s">' % MATHJAX_URL in content)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
-                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax'],
-                                   'mathjax_options': {'defer': 'defer'},
-                                   'mathjax2_config': {'extensions': ['tex2jax.js']}})
-def test_mathjax_options_defer_for_mathjax2(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('<script defer="defer" src="%s">' % MATHJAX_URL in content)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'html', testroot='ext-math',
-    confoverrides={
-        'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax'],
-        'mathjax_path': 'MathJax.js',
-    },
-)
-def test_mathjax_path(app):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '<script async="async" src="_static/MathJax.js"></script>' in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'html', testroot='ext-math',
-    confoverrides={
-        'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax'],
-        'mathjax_path': 'MathJax.js?config=scipy-mathjax',
-    },
-)
-def test_mathjax_path_config(app):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '<script async="async" src="_static/MathJax.js?config=scipy-mathjax"></script>' in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
-                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax']})
-def test_mathjax_is_installed_only_if_document_having_math(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert MATHJAX_URL in content
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'nomath.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert MATHJAX_URL not in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
-                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax']})
-def test_mathjax_is_not_installed_if_no_equations(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert 'MathJax.js' not in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
-                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax']})
-def test_mathjax_is_installed_if_no_equations_when_forced(app, status, warning):
-    app.set_html_assets_policy('always')
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert MATHJAX_URL in content
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'nomath.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert MATHJAX_URL in content
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_napoleon.py b/tests/test_ext_napoleon.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 00b7ac1..0000000
--- a/tests/test_ext_napoleon.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,218 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests for :mod:`sphinx.ext.napoleon.__init__` module."""
-
-import functools
-from collections import namedtuple
-from unittest import mock
-
-import pytest
-
-from sphinx.application import Sphinx
-from sphinx.ext.napoleon import Config, _process_docstring, _skip_member, setup
-
-
-def simple_decorator(f):
-    """
-    A simple decorator that does nothing, for tests to use.
-    """
-    @functools.wraps(f)
-    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
-        return f(*args, **kwargs)
-    return wrapper
-
-
-def _private_doc():
-    """module._private_doc.DOCSTRING"""
-    pass
-
-
-def _private_undoc():
-    pass
-
-
-def __special_doc__():
-    """module.__special_doc__.DOCSTRING"""
-    pass
-
-
-def __special_undoc__():
-    pass
-
-
-class SampleClass:
-    def _private_doc(self):
-        """SampleClass._private_doc.DOCSTRING"""
-        pass
-
-    def _private_undoc(self):
-        pass
-
-    def __special_doc__(self):
-        """SampleClass.__special_doc__.DOCSTRING"""
-        pass
-
-    def __special_undoc__(self):
-        pass
-
-    @simple_decorator
-    def __decorated_func__(self):
-        """doc"""
-        pass
-
-
-class SampleError(Exception):
-    def _private_doc(self):
-        """SampleError._private_doc.DOCSTRING"""
-        pass
-
-    def _private_undoc(self):
-        pass
-
-    def __special_doc__(self):
-        """SampleError.__special_doc__.DOCSTRING"""
-        pass
-
-    def __special_undoc__(self):
-        pass
-
-
-SampleNamedTuple = namedtuple('SampleNamedTuple', 'user_id block_type def_id')
-
-
-class TestProcessDocstring:
-    def test_modify_in_place(self):
-        lines = ['Summary line.',
-                 '',
-                 'Args:',
-                 '   arg1: arg1 description']
-        app = mock.Mock()
-        app.config = Config()
-        _process_docstring(app, 'class', 'SampleClass', SampleClass,
-                           mock.Mock(), lines)
-
-        expected = ['Summary line.',
-                    '',
-                    ':param arg1: arg1 description',
-                    '']
-        assert expected == lines
-
-
-class TestSetup:
-    def test_unknown_app_type(self):
-        setup(object())
-
-    def test_add_config_values(self):
-        app = mock.Mock(Sphinx)
-        setup(app)
-        for name in Config._config_values:
-            has_config = False
-            for method_name, args, _kwargs in app.method_calls:
-                if (
-                    method_name == 'add_config_value' and
-                    args[0] == name
-                ):
-                    has_config = True
-            if not has_config:
-                pytest.fail('Config value was not added to app %s' % name)
-
-        has_process_docstring = False
-        has_skip_member = False
-        for method_name, args, _kwargs in app.method_calls:
-            if method_name == 'connect':
-                if (
-                    args[0] == 'autodoc-process-docstring' and
-                    args[1] == _process_docstring
-                ):
-                    has_process_docstring = True
-                elif (
-                    args[0] == 'autodoc-skip-member' and
-                    args[1] == _skip_member
-                ):
-                    has_skip_member = True
-        if not has_process_docstring:
-            pytest.fail('autodoc-process-docstring never connected')
-        if not has_skip_member:
-            pytest.fail('autodoc-skip-member never connected')
-
-
-class TestSkipMember:
-    def assert_skip(self, what, member, obj, expect_default_skip, config_name):
-        skip = True
-        app = mock.Mock()
-        app.config = Config()
-        setattr(app.config, config_name, True)
-        if expect_default_skip:
-            assert None is _skip_member(app, what, member, obj, skip, mock.Mock())
-        else:
-            assert _skip_member(app, what, member, obj, skip, mock.Mock()) is False
-        setattr(app.config, config_name, False)
-        assert None is _skip_member(app, what, member, obj, skip, mock.Mock())
-
-    def test_namedtuple(self):
-        # Since python 3.7, namedtuple._asdict() has not been documented
-        # because there is no way to check the method is a member of the
-        # namedtuple class.  This testcase confirms only it does not
-        # raise an error on building document (refs: #1455)
-        self.assert_skip('class', '_asdict',
-                         SampleNamedTuple._asdict, True,
-                         'napoleon_include_private_with_doc')
-
-    def test_class_private_doc(self):
-        self.assert_skip('class', '_private_doc',
-                         SampleClass._private_doc, False,
-                         'napoleon_include_private_with_doc')
-
-    def test_class_private_undoc(self):
-        self.assert_skip('class', '_private_undoc',
-                         SampleClass._private_undoc, True,
-                         'napoleon_include_private_with_doc')
-
-    def test_class_special_doc(self):
-        self.assert_skip('class', '__special_doc__',
-                         SampleClass.__special_doc__, False,
-                         'napoleon_include_special_with_doc')
-
-    def test_class_special_undoc(self):
-        self.assert_skip('class', '__special_undoc__',
-                         SampleClass.__special_undoc__, True,
-                         'napoleon_include_special_with_doc')
-
-    def test_class_decorated_doc(self):
-        self.assert_skip('class', '__decorated_func__',
-                         SampleClass.__decorated_func__, False,
-                         'napoleon_include_special_with_doc')
-
-    def test_exception_private_doc(self):
-        self.assert_skip('exception', '_private_doc',
-                         SampleError._private_doc, False,
-                         'napoleon_include_private_with_doc')
-
-    def test_exception_private_undoc(self):
-        self.assert_skip('exception', '_private_undoc',
-                         SampleError._private_undoc, True,
-                         'napoleon_include_private_with_doc')
-
-    def test_exception_special_doc(self):
-        self.assert_skip('exception', '__special_doc__',
-                         SampleError.__special_doc__, False,
-                         'napoleon_include_special_with_doc')
-
-    def test_exception_special_undoc(self):
-        self.assert_skip('exception', '__special_undoc__',
-                         SampleError.__special_undoc__, True,
-                         'napoleon_include_special_with_doc')
-
-    def test_module_private_doc(self):
-        self.assert_skip('module', '_private_doc', _private_doc, False,
-                         'napoleon_include_private_with_doc')
-
-    def test_module_private_undoc(self):
-        self.assert_skip('module', '_private_undoc', _private_undoc, True,
-                         'napoleon_include_private_with_doc')
-
-    def test_module_special_doc(self):
-        self.assert_skip('module', '__special_doc__', __special_doc__, False,
-                         'napoleon_include_special_with_doc')
-
-    def test_module_special_undoc(self):
-        self.assert_skip('module', '__special_undoc__', __special_undoc__, True,
-                         'napoleon_include_special_with_doc')
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_napoleon_docstring.py b/tests/test_ext_napoleon_docstring.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 87fad61..0000000
--- a/tests/test_ext_napoleon_docstring.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2660 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests for :mod:`sphinx.ext.napoleon.docstring` module."""
-
-import re
-from collections import namedtuple
-from inspect import cleandoc
-from textwrap import dedent
-from unittest import mock
-
-import pytest
-
-from sphinx.ext.napoleon import Config
-from sphinx.ext.napoleon.docstring import (
-    GoogleDocstring,
-    NumpyDocstring,
-    _convert_numpy_type_spec,
-    _recombine_set_tokens,
-    _token_type,
-    _tokenize_type_spec,
-)
-
-from .ext_napoleon_pep526_data_google import PEP526GoogleClass
-from .ext_napoleon_pep526_data_numpy import PEP526NumpyClass
-
-
-class NamedtupleSubclass(namedtuple('NamedtupleSubclass', ('attr1', 'attr2'))):
-    """Sample namedtuple subclass
-
-    Attributes
-    ----------
-    attr1 : Arbitrary type
-        Quick description of attr1
-    attr2 : Another arbitrary type
-        Quick description of attr2
-    attr3 : Type
-
-        Adds a newline after the type
-
-    """
-    # To avoid creating a dict, as a namedtuple doesn't have it:
-    __slots__ = ()
-
-    def __new__(cls, attr1, attr2=None):
-        return super().__new__(cls, attr1, attr2)
-
-
-class TestNamedtupleSubclass:
-    def test_attributes_docstring(self):
-        config = Config()
-        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(cleandoc(NamedtupleSubclass.__doc__),
-                                    config=config, app=None, what='class',
-                                    name='NamedtupleSubclass', obj=NamedtupleSubclass))
-        expected = """\
-Sample namedtuple subclass
-
-.. attribute:: attr1
-
-   Quick description of attr1
-
-   :type: Arbitrary type
-
-.. attribute:: attr2
-
-   Quick description of attr2
-
-   :type: Another arbitrary type
-
-.. attribute:: attr3
-
-   Adds a newline after the type
-
-   :type: Type
-"""
-
-        assert expected == actual
-
-
-class TestInlineAttribute:
-    inline_google_docstring = ('inline description with '
-                               '``a : in code``, '
-                               'a :ref:`reference`, '
-                               'a `link <https://foo.bar>`_, '
-                               'a :meta public:, '
-                               'a :meta field: value and '
-                               'an host:port and HH:MM strings.')
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _docstring(source):
-        rst = GoogleDocstring(source, config=Config(), app=None, what='attribute', name='some_data', obj=0)
-        return str(rst)
-
-    def test_class_data_member(self):
-        source = 'data member description:\n\n- a: b'
-        actual = self._docstring(source).splitlines()
-        assert actual == ['data member description:', '', '- a: b']
-
-    def test_class_data_member_inline(self):
-        source = f'CustomType: {self.inline_google_docstring}'
-        actual = self._docstring(source).splitlines()
-        assert actual == [self.inline_google_docstring, '', ':type: CustomType']
-
-    def test_class_data_member_inline_no_type(self):
-        source = self.inline_google_docstring
-        actual = self._docstring(source).splitlines()
-        assert actual == [source]
-
-    def test_class_data_member_inline_ref_in_type(self):
-        source = f':class:`int`: {self.inline_google_docstring}'
-        actual = self._docstring(source).splitlines()
-        assert actual == [self.inline_google_docstring, '', ':type: :class:`int`']
-
-
-class TestGoogleDocstring:
-    docstrings = [(
-        """Single line summary""",
-        """Single line summary""",
-    ), (
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        Extended description
-
-        """,
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        Extended description
-        """,
-    ), (
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        Args:
-          arg1(str):Extended
-            description of arg1
-        """,
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        :Parameters: **arg1** (*str*) -- Extended
-                     description of arg1
-        """,
-    ), (
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        Args:
-          arg1(str):Extended
-            description of arg1
-          arg2 ( int ) : Extended
-            description of arg2
-
-        Keyword Args:
-          kwarg1(str):Extended
-            description of kwarg1
-          kwarg2 ( int ) : Extended
-            description of kwarg2""",
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        :Parameters: * **arg1** (*str*) -- Extended
-                       description of arg1
-                     * **arg2** (*int*) -- Extended
-                       description of arg2
-
-        :Keyword Arguments: * **kwarg1** (*str*) -- Extended
-                              description of kwarg1
-                            * **kwarg2** (*int*) -- Extended
-                              description of kwarg2
-        """,
-    ), (
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        Arguments:
-          arg1(str):Extended
-            description of arg1
-          arg2 ( int ) : Extended
-            description of arg2
-
-        Keyword Arguments:
-          kwarg1(str):Extended
-            description of kwarg1
-          kwarg2 ( int ) : Extended
-            description of kwarg2""",
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        :Parameters: * **arg1** (*str*) -- Extended
-                       description of arg1
-                     * **arg2** (*int*) -- Extended
-                       description of arg2
-
-        :Keyword Arguments: * **kwarg1** (*str*) -- Extended
-                              description of kwarg1
-                            * **kwarg2** (*int*) -- Extended
-                              description of kwarg2
-        """,
-    ), (
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        Return:
-          str:Extended
-          description of return value
-        """,
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        :returns: *str* -- Extended
-                  description of return value
-        """,
-    ), (
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        Returns:
-          str:Extended
-          description of return value
-        """,
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        :returns: *str* -- Extended
-                  description of return value
-        """,
-    ), (
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        Returns:
-          Extended
-          description of return value
-        """,
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        :returns: Extended
-                  description of return value
-        """,
-    ), (
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        Returns:
-          Extended
-        """,
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        :returns: Extended
-        """,
-    ), (
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        Args:
-          arg1(str):Extended
-            description of arg1
-          *args: Variable length argument list.
-          **kwargs: Arbitrary keyword arguments.
-        """,
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        :Parameters: * **arg1** (*str*) -- Extended
-                       description of arg1
-                     * **\\*args** -- Variable length argument list.
-                     * **\\*\\*kwargs** -- Arbitrary keyword arguments.
-        """,
-    ), (
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        Args:
-          arg1 (list(int)): Description
-          arg2 (list[int]): Description
-          arg3 (dict(str, int)): Description
-          arg4 (dict[str, int]): Description
-        """,
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        :Parameters: * **arg1** (*list(int)*) -- Description
-                     * **arg2** (*list[int]*) -- Description
-                     * **arg3** (*dict(str, int)*) -- Description
-                     * **arg4** (*dict[str, int]*) -- Description
-        """,
-    ), (
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        Receive:
-          arg1 (list(int)): Description
-          arg2 (list[int]): Description
-        """,
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        :Receives: * **arg1** (*list(int)*) -- Description
-                   * **arg2** (*list[int]*) -- Description
-        """,
-    ), (
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        Receives:
-          arg1 (list(int)): Description
-          arg2 (list[int]): Description
-        """,
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        :Receives: * **arg1** (*list(int)*) -- Description
-                   * **arg2** (*list[int]*) -- Description
-        """,
-    ), (
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        Yield:
-          str:Extended
-          description of yielded value
-        """,
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        :Yields: *str* -- Extended
-                 description of yielded value
-        """,
-    ), (
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        Yields:
-          Extended
-          description of yielded value
-        """,
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        :Yields: Extended
-                 description of yielded value
-        """,
-    ), (
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        Args:
-
-          arg1 (list of str): Extended
-              description of arg1.
-          arg2 (tuple of int): Extended
-              description of arg2.
-          arg3 (tuple of list of float): Extended
-              description of arg3.
-          arg4 (int, float, or list of bool): Extended
-              description of arg4.
-          arg5 (list of int, float, or bool): Extended
-              description of arg5.
-          arg6 (list of int or float): Extended
-              description of arg6.
-        """,
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        :Parameters: * **arg1** (*list of str*) -- Extended
-                       description of arg1.
-                     * **arg2** (*tuple of int*) -- Extended
-                       description of arg2.
-                     * **arg3** (*tuple of list of float*) -- Extended
-                       description of arg3.
-                     * **arg4** (*int, float, or list of bool*) -- Extended
-                       description of arg4.
-                     * **arg5** (*list of int, float, or bool*) -- Extended
-                       description of arg5.
-                     * **arg6** (*list of int or float*) -- Extended
-                       description of arg6.
-        """,
-    )]
-
-    def test_sphinx_admonitions(self):
-        admonition_map = {
-            'Attention': 'attention',
-            'Caution': 'caution',
-            'Danger': 'danger',
-            'Error': 'error',
-            'Hint': 'hint',
-            'Important': 'important',
-            'Note': 'note',
-            'Tip': 'tip',
-            'Todo': 'todo',
-            'Warning': 'warning',
-            'Warnings': 'warning',
-        }
-        config = Config()
-        for section, admonition in admonition_map.items():
-            # Multiline
-            actual = str(GoogleDocstring(f"{section}:\n"
-                                         "    this is the first line\n"
-                                         "\n"
-                                         "    and this is the second line\n",
-                                         config))
-            expect = (f".. {admonition}::\n"
-                      "\n"
-                      "   this is the first line\n"
-                      "   \n"
-                      "   and this is the second line\n"
-                      )
-            assert expect == actual
-
-            # Single line
-            actual = str(GoogleDocstring(f"{section}:\n"
-                                         "    this is a single line\n",
-                                         config))
-            expect = f".. {admonition}:: this is a single line\n"
-            assert expect == actual
-
-    def test_docstrings(self):
-        config = Config(
-            napoleon_use_param=False,
-            napoleon_use_rtype=False,
-            napoleon_use_keyword=False,
-        )
-        for docstring, expected in self.docstrings:
-            actual = str(GoogleDocstring(dedent(docstring), config))
-            expected = dedent(expected)
-            assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_parameters_with_class_reference(self):
-        docstring = """\
-Construct a new XBlock.
-
-This class should only be used by runtimes.
-
-Arguments:
-    runtime (:class:`~typing.Dict`\\[:class:`int`,:class:`str`\\]): Use it to
-        access the environment. It is available in XBlock code
-        as ``self.runtime``.
-
-    field_data (:class:`FieldData`): Interface used by the XBlock
-        fields to access their data from wherever it is persisted.
-
-    scope_ids (:class:`ScopeIds`): Identifiers needed to resolve scopes.
-
-"""
-
-        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring))
-        expected = """\
-Construct a new XBlock.
-
-This class should only be used by runtimes.
-
-:param runtime: Use it to
-                access the environment. It is available in XBlock code
-                as ``self.runtime``.
-:type runtime: :class:`~typing.Dict`\\[:class:`int`,:class:`str`\\]
-:param field_data: Interface used by the XBlock
-                   fields to access their data from wherever it is persisted.
-:type field_data: :class:`FieldData`
-:param scope_ids: Identifiers needed to resolve scopes.
-:type scope_ids: :class:`ScopeIds`
-"""
-        assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_attributes_with_class_reference(self):
-        docstring = """\
-Attributes:
-    in_attr(:class:`numpy.ndarray`): super-dooper attribute
-"""
-
-        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring))
-        expected = """\
-.. attribute:: in_attr
-
-   super-dooper attribute
-
-   :type: :class:`numpy.ndarray`
-"""
-        assert expected == actual
-
-        docstring = """\
-Attributes:
-    in_attr(numpy.ndarray): super-dooper attribute
-"""
-
-        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring))
-        expected = """\
-.. attribute:: in_attr
-
-   super-dooper attribute
-
-   :type: numpy.ndarray
-"""
-
-    def test_attributes_with_use_ivar(self):
-        docstring = """\
-Attributes:
-    foo (int): blah blah
-    bar (str): blah blah
-"""
-
-        config = Config(napoleon_use_ivar=True)
-        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring, config, obj=self.__class__))
-        expected = """\
-:ivar foo: blah blah
-:vartype foo: int
-:ivar bar: blah blah
-:vartype bar: str
-"""
-        assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_code_block_in_returns_section(self):
-        docstring = """
-Returns:
-    foobar: foo::
-
-        codecode
-        codecode
-"""
-        expected = """
-:returns:
-
-          foo::
-
-              codecode
-              codecode
-:rtype: foobar
-"""
-        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring))
-        assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_colon_in_return_type(self):
-        docstring = """Example property.
-
-Returns:
-    :py:class:`~.module.submodule.SomeClass`: an example instance
-    if available, None if not available.
-"""
-        expected = """Example property.
-
-:returns: an example instance
-          if available, None if not available.
-:rtype: :py:class:`~.module.submodule.SomeClass`
-"""
-        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring))
-        assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_xrefs_in_return_type(self):
-        docstring = """Example Function
-
-Returns:
-    :class:`numpy.ndarray`: A :math:`n \\times 2` array containing
-    a bunch of math items
-"""
-        expected = """Example Function
-
-:returns: A :math:`n \\times 2` array containing
-          a bunch of math items
-:rtype: :class:`numpy.ndarray`
-"""
-        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring))
-        assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_raises_types(self):
-        docstrings = [("""
-Example Function
-
-Raises:
-    RuntimeError:
-        A setting wasn't specified, or was invalid.
-    ValueError:
-        Something something value error.
-    :py:class:`AttributeError`
-        errors for missing attributes.
-    ~InvalidDimensionsError
-        If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
-    `InvalidArgumentsError`
-        If the arguments are invalid.
-    :exc:`~ValueError`
-        If the arguments are wrong.
-
-""", """
-Example Function
-
-:raises RuntimeError: A setting wasn't specified, or was invalid.
-:raises ValueError: Something something value error.
-:raises AttributeError: errors for missing attributes.
-:raises ~InvalidDimensionsError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
-:raises InvalidArgumentsError: If the arguments are invalid.
-:raises ~ValueError: If the arguments are wrong.
-"""),
-                      ################################
-                      ("""
-Example Function
-
-Raises:
-    InvalidDimensionsError
-
-""", """
-Example Function
-
-:raises InvalidDimensionsError:
-"""),
-                      ################################
-                      ("""
-Example Function
-
-Raises:
-    Invalid Dimensions Error
-
-""", """
-Example Function
-
-:raises Invalid Dimensions Error:
-"""),
-                      ################################
-                      ("""
-Example Function
-
-Raises:
-    Invalid Dimensions Error: With description
-
-""", """
-Example Function
-
-:raises Invalid Dimensions Error: With description
-"""),
-                      ################################
-                      ("""
-Example Function
-
-Raises:
-    InvalidDimensionsError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
-
-""", """
-Example Function
-
-:raises InvalidDimensionsError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
-"""),
-                      ################################
-                      ("""
-Example Function
-
-Raises:
-    Invalid Dimensions Error: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
-
-""", """
-Example Function
-
-:raises Invalid Dimensions Error: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
-"""),
-                      ################################
-                      ("""
-Example Function
-
-Raises:
-    If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
-
-""", """
-Example Function
-
-:raises If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.:
-"""),
-                      ################################
-                      ("""
-Example Function
-
-Raises:
-    :class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError`
-
-""", """
-Example Function
-
-:raises exc.InvalidDimensionsError:
-"""),
-                      ################################
-                      ("""
-Example Function
-
-Raises:
-    :class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError`: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
-
-""", """
-Example Function
-
-:raises exc.InvalidDimensionsError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
-"""),
-                      ################################
-                      ("""
-Example Function
-
-Raises:
-    :class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError`: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed,
-       then a :class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError` will be raised.
-
-""", """
-Example Function
-
-:raises exc.InvalidDimensionsError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed,
-    then a :class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError` will be raised.
-"""),
-                      ################################
-                      ("""
-Example Function
-
-Raises:
-    :class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError`: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
-    :class:`exc.InvalidArgumentsError`: If the arguments are invalid.
-
-""", """
-Example Function
-
-:raises exc.InvalidDimensionsError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
-:raises exc.InvalidArgumentsError: If the arguments are invalid.
-"""),
-                      ################################
-                      ("""
-Example Function
-
-Raises:
-    :class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError`
-    :class:`exc.InvalidArgumentsError`
-
-""", """
-Example Function
-
-:raises exc.InvalidDimensionsError:
-:raises exc.InvalidArgumentsError:
-""")]
-        for docstring, expected in docstrings:
-            actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring))
-            assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_kwargs_in_arguments(self):
-        docstring = """Allows to create attributes binded to this device.
-
-Some other paragraph.
-
-Code sample for usage::
-
-  dev.bind(loopback=Loopback)
-  dev.loopback.configure()
-
-Arguments:
-  **kwargs: name/class pairs that will create resource-managers
-    bound as instance attributes to this instance. See code
-    example above.
-"""
-        expected = """Allows to create attributes binded to this device.
-
-Some other paragraph.
-
-Code sample for usage::
-
-  dev.bind(loopback=Loopback)
-  dev.loopback.configure()
-
-:param \\*\\*kwargs: name/class pairs that will create resource-managers
-                   bound as instance attributes to this instance. See code
-                   example above.
-"""
-        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring))
-        assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_section_header_formatting(self):
-        docstrings = [("""
-Summary line
-
-Example:
-    Multiline reStructuredText
-    literal code block
-
-""", """
-Summary line
-
-.. rubric:: Example
-
-Multiline reStructuredText
-literal code block
-"""),
-                      ################################
-                      ("""
-Summary line
-
-Example::
-
-    Multiline reStructuredText
-    literal code block
-
-""", """
-Summary line
-
-Example::
-
-    Multiline reStructuredText
-    literal code block
-"""),
-                      ################################
-                      ("""
-Summary line
-
-:Example:
-
-    Multiline reStructuredText
-    literal code block
-
-""", """
-Summary line
-
-:Example:
-
-    Multiline reStructuredText
-    literal code block
-""")]
-        for docstring, expected in docstrings:
-            actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring))
-            assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_list_in_parameter_description(self):
-        docstring = """One line summary.
-
-Parameters:
-    no_list (int):
-    one_bullet_empty (int):
-        *
-    one_bullet_single_line (int):
-        - first line
-    one_bullet_two_lines (int):
-        +   first line
-            continued
-    two_bullets_single_line (int):
-        -  first line
-        -  second line
-    two_bullets_two_lines (int):
-        * first line
-          continued
-        * second line
-          continued
-    one_enumeration_single_line (int):
-        1.  first line
-    one_enumeration_two_lines (int):
-        1)   first line
-             continued
-    two_enumerations_one_line (int):
-        (iii) first line
-        (iv) second line
-    two_enumerations_two_lines (int):
-        a. first line
-           continued
-        b. second line
-           continued
-    one_definition_one_line (int):
-        item 1
-            first line
-    one_definition_two_lines (int):
-        item 1
-            first line
-            continued
-    two_definitions_one_line (int):
-        item 1
-            first line
-        item 2
-            second line
-    two_definitions_two_lines (int):
-        item 1
-            first line
-            continued
-        item 2
-            second line
-            continued
-    one_definition_blank_line (int):
-        item 1
-
-            first line
-
-            extra first line
-
-    two_definitions_blank_lines (int):
-        item 1
-
-            first line
-
-            extra first line
-
-        item 2
-
-            second line
-
-            extra second line
-
-    definition_after_inline_text (int): text line
-
-        item 1
-            first line
-
-    definition_after_normal_text (int):
-        text line
-
-        item 1
-            first line
-"""
-
-        expected = """One line summary.
-
-:param no_list:
-:type no_list: int
-:param one_bullet_empty:
-                         *
-:type one_bullet_empty: int
-:param one_bullet_single_line:
-                               - first line
-:type one_bullet_single_line: int
-:param one_bullet_two_lines:
-                             +   first line
-                                 continued
-:type one_bullet_two_lines: int
-:param two_bullets_single_line:
-                                -  first line
-                                -  second line
-:type two_bullets_single_line: int
-:param two_bullets_two_lines:
-                              * first line
-                                continued
-                              * second line
-                                continued
-:type two_bullets_two_lines: int
-:param one_enumeration_single_line:
-                                    1.  first line
-:type one_enumeration_single_line: int
-:param one_enumeration_two_lines:
-                                  1)   first line
-                                       continued
-:type one_enumeration_two_lines: int
-:param two_enumerations_one_line:
-                                  (iii) first line
-                                  (iv) second line
-:type two_enumerations_one_line: int
-:param two_enumerations_two_lines:
-                                   a. first line
-                                      continued
-                                   b. second line
-                                      continued
-:type two_enumerations_two_lines: int
-:param one_definition_one_line:
-                                item 1
-                                    first line
-:type one_definition_one_line: int
-:param one_definition_two_lines:
-                                 item 1
-                                     first line
-                                     continued
-:type one_definition_two_lines: int
-:param two_definitions_one_line:
-                                 item 1
-                                     first line
-                                 item 2
-                                     second line
-:type two_definitions_one_line: int
-:param two_definitions_two_lines:
-                                  item 1
-                                      first line
-                                      continued
-                                  item 2
-                                      second line
-                                      continued
-:type two_definitions_two_lines: int
-:param one_definition_blank_line:
-                                  item 1
-
-                                      first line
-
-                                      extra first line
-:type one_definition_blank_line: int
-:param two_definitions_blank_lines:
-                                    item 1
-
-                                        first line
-
-                                        extra first line
-
-                                    item 2
-
-                                        second line
-
-                                        extra second line
-:type two_definitions_blank_lines: int
-:param definition_after_inline_text: text line
-
-                                     item 1
-                                         first line
-:type definition_after_inline_text: int
-:param definition_after_normal_text: text line
-
-                                     item 1
-                                         first line
-:type definition_after_normal_text: int
-"""
-        config = Config(napoleon_use_param=True)
-        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring, config))
-        assert expected == actual
-
-        expected = """One line summary.
-
-:Parameters: * **no_list** (*int*)
-             * **one_bullet_empty** (*int*) --
-
-               *
-             * **one_bullet_single_line** (*int*) --
-
-               - first line
-             * **one_bullet_two_lines** (*int*) --
-
-               +   first line
-                   continued
-             * **two_bullets_single_line** (*int*) --
-
-               -  first line
-               -  second line
-             * **two_bullets_two_lines** (*int*) --
-
-               * first line
-                 continued
-               * second line
-                 continued
-             * **one_enumeration_single_line** (*int*) --
-
-               1.  first line
-             * **one_enumeration_two_lines** (*int*) --
-
-               1)   first line
-                    continued
-             * **two_enumerations_one_line** (*int*) --
-
-               (iii) first line
-               (iv) second line
-             * **two_enumerations_two_lines** (*int*) --
-
-               a. first line
-                  continued
-               b. second line
-                  continued
-             * **one_definition_one_line** (*int*) --
-
-               item 1
-                   first line
-             * **one_definition_two_lines** (*int*) --
-
-               item 1
-                   first line
-                   continued
-             * **two_definitions_one_line** (*int*) --
-
-               item 1
-                   first line
-               item 2
-                   second line
-             * **two_definitions_two_lines** (*int*) --
-
-               item 1
-                   first line
-                   continued
-               item 2
-                   second line
-                   continued
-             * **one_definition_blank_line** (*int*) --
-
-               item 1
-
-                   first line
-
-                   extra first line
-             * **two_definitions_blank_lines** (*int*) --
-
-               item 1
-
-                   first line
-
-                   extra first line
-
-               item 2
-
-                   second line
-
-                   extra second line
-             * **definition_after_inline_text** (*int*) -- text line
-
-               item 1
-                   first line
-             * **definition_after_normal_text** (*int*) -- text line
-
-               item 1
-                   first line
-"""
-        config = Config(napoleon_use_param=False)
-        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring, config))
-        assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_custom_generic_sections(self):
-
-        docstrings = (("""\
-Really Important Details:
-    You should listen to me!
-""", """.. rubric:: Really Important Details
-
-You should listen to me!
-"""),
-                      ("""\
-Sooper Warning:
-    Stop hitting yourself!
-""", """:Warns: **Stop hitting yourself!**
-"""),
-                      ("""\
-Params Style:
-    arg1 (int): Description of arg1
-    arg2 (str): Description of arg2
-
-""", """\
-:Params Style: * **arg1** (*int*) -- Description of arg1
-               * **arg2** (*str*) -- Description of arg2
-"""),
-                      ("""\
-Returns Style:
-    description of custom section
-
-""", """:Returns Style: description of custom section
-"""))
-
-        testConfig = Config(napoleon_custom_sections=['Really Important Details',
-                                                      ('Sooper Warning', 'warns'),
-                                                      ('Params Style', 'params_style'),
-                                                      ('Returns Style', 'returns_style')])
-
-        for docstring, expected in docstrings:
-            actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring, testConfig))
-            assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_noindex(self):
-        docstring = """
-Attributes:
-    arg
-        description
-
-Methods:
-    func(i, j)
-        description
-"""
-
-        expected = """
-.. attribute:: arg
-   :no-index:
-
-   description
-
-.. method:: func(i, j)
-   :no-index:
-
-   
-   description
-"""  # noqa: W293
-        config = Config()
-        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring, config=config, app=None, what='module',
-                                     options={'no-index': True}))
-        assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_keywords_with_types(self):
-        docstring = """\
-Do as you please
-
-Keyword Args:
-    gotham_is_yours (None): shall interfere.
-"""
-        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring))
-        expected = """\
-Do as you please
-
-:keyword gotham_is_yours: shall interfere.
-:kwtype gotham_is_yours: None
-"""
-        assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_pep526_annotations(self):
-        # Test class attributes annotations
-        config = Config(
-            napoleon_attr_annotations=True,
-        )
-        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(cleandoc(PEP526GoogleClass.__doc__), config, app=None, what="class",
-                                     obj=PEP526GoogleClass))
-        expected = """\
-Sample class with PEP 526 annotations and google docstring
-
-.. attribute:: attr1
-
-   Attr1 description.
-
-   :type: int
-
-.. attribute:: attr2
-
-   Attr2 description.
-
-   :type: str
-"""
-        assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_preprocess_types(self):
-        docstring = """\
-Do as you please
-
-Yield:
-   str:Extended
-"""
-        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring))
-        expected = """\
-Do as you please
-
-:Yields: *str* -- Extended
-"""
-        assert expected == actual
-
-        config = Config(napoleon_preprocess_types=True)
-        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring, config))
-        expected = """\
-Do as you please
-
-:Yields: :py:class:`str` -- Extended
-"""
-        assert expected == actual
-
-
-class TestNumpyDocstring:
-    docstrings = [(
-        """Single line summary""",
-        """Single line summary""",
-    ), (
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        Extended description
-
-        """,
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        Extended description
-        """,
-    ), (
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        arg1:str
-            Extended
-            description of arg1
-        """,
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        :Parameters: **arg1** (:class:`str`) -- Extended
-                     description of arg1
-        """,
-    ), (
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        arg1:str
-            Extended
-            description of arg1
-        arg2 : int
-            Extended
-            description of arg2
-
-        Keyword Arguments
-        -----------------
-          kwarg1:str
-              Extended
-              description of kwarg1
-          kwarg2 : int
-              Extended
-              description of kwarg2
-        """,
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        :Parameters: * **arg1** (:class:`str`) -- Extended
-                       description of arg1
-                     * **arg2** (:class:`int`) -- Extended
-                       description of arg2
-
-        :Keyword Arguments: * **kwarg1** (:class:`str`) -- Extended
-                              description of kwarg1
-                            * **kwarg2** (:class:`int`) -- Extended
-                              description of kwarg2
-        """,
-    ), (
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        Return
-        ------
-        str
-            Extended
-            description of return value
-        """,
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        :returns: :class:`str` -- Extended
-                  description of return value
-        """,
-    ), (
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        Returns
-        -------
-        str
-            Extended
-            description of return value
-        """,
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        :returns: :class:`str` -- Extended
-                  description of return value
-        """,
-    ), (
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        arg1:str
-             Extended description of arg1
-        *args:
-            Variable length argument list.
-        **kwargs:
-            Arbitrary keyword arguments.
-        """,
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        :Parameters: * **arg1** (:class:`str`) -- Extended description of arg1
-                     * **\\*args** -- Variable length argument list.
-                     * **\\*\\*kwargs** -- Arbitrary keyword arguments.
-        """,
-    ), (
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        arg1:str
-             Extended description of arg1
-        *args, **kwargs:
-            Variable length argument list and arbitrary keyword arguments.
-        """,
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        :Parameters: * **arg1** (:class:`str`) -- Extended description of arg1
-                     * **\\*args, \\*\\*kwargs** -- Variable length argument list and arbitrary keyword arguments.
-        """,
-    ), (
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        Receive
-        -------
-        arg1:str
-            Extended
-            description of arg1
-        arg2 : int
-            Extended
-            description of arg2
-        """,
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        :Receives: * **arg1** (:class:`str`) -- Extended
-                     description of arg1
-                   * **arg2** (:class:`int`) -- Extended
-                     description of arg2
-        """,
-    ), (
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        Receives
-        --------
-        arg1:str
-            Extended
-            description of arg1
-        arg2 : int
-            Extended
-            description of arg2
-        """,
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        :Receives: * **arg1** (:class:`str`) -- Extended
-                     description of arg1
-                   * **arg2** (:class:`int`) -- Extended
-                     description of arg2
-        """,
-    ), (
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        Yield
-        -----
-        str
-            Extended
-            description of yielded value
-        """,
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        :Yields: :class:`str` -- Extended
-                 description of yielded value
-        """,
-    ), (
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        Yields
-        ------
-        str
-            Extended
-            description of yielded value
-        """,
-        """
-        Single line summary
-
-        :Yields: :class:`str` -- Extended
-                 description of yielded value
-        """,
-    )]
-
-    def test_sphinx_admonitions(self):
-        admonition_map = {
-            'Attention': 'attention',
-            'Caution': 'caution',
-            'Danger': 'danger',
-            'Error': 'error',
-            'Hint': 'hint',
-            'Important': 'important',
-            'Note': 'note',
-            'Tip': 'tip',
-            'Todo': 'todo',
-            'Warning': 'warning',
-            'Warnings': 'warning',
-        }
-        config = Config()
-        for section, admonition in admonition_map.items():
-            # Multiline
-            actual = str(NumpyDocstring(f"{section}\n"
-                                        f"{'-' * len(section)}\n"
-                                        "    this is the first line\n"
-                                        "\n"
-                                        "    and this is the second line\n",
-                                        config))
-            expect = (f".. {admonition}::\n"
-                      "\n"
-                      "   this is the first line\n"
-                      "   \n"
-                      "   and this is the second line\n"
-                      )
-            assert expect == actual
-
-            # Single line
-            actual = str(NumpyDocstring(f"{section}\n"
-                                        f"{'-' * len(section)}\n"
-                                        f"    this is a single line\n",
-                                        config))
-            expect = f".. {admonition}:: this is a single line\n"
-            assert expect == actual
-
-    def test_docstrings(self):
-        config = Config(
-            napoleon_use_param=False,
-            napoleon_use_rtype=False,
-            napoleon_use_keyword=False,
-            napoleon_preprocess_types=True)
-        for docstring, expected in self.docstrings:
-            actual = str(NumpyDocstring(dedent(docstring), config))
-            expected = dedent(expected)
-            assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_type_preprocessor(self):
-        docstring = dedent("""
-        Single line summary
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        arg1:str
-            Extended
-            description of arg1
-        """)
-
-        config = Config(napoleon_preprocess_types=False, napoleon_use_param=False)
-        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config))
-        expected = dedent("""
-        Single line summary
-
-        :Parameters: **arg1** (*str*) -- Extended
-                     description of arg1
-        """)
-        assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_parameters_with_class_reference(self):
-        docstring = """\
-Parameters
-----------
-param1 : :class:`MyClass <name.space.MyClass>` instance
-
-Other Parameters
-----------------
-param2 : :class:`MyClass <name.space.MyClass>` instance
-
-"""
-
-        config = Config(napoleon_use_param=False)
-        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config))
-        expected = """\
-:Parameters: **param1** (:class:`MyClass <name.space.MyClass>` instance)
-
-:Other Parameters: **param2** (:class:`MyClass <name.space.MyClass>` instance)
-"""
-        assert expected == actual
-
-        config = Config(napoleon_use_param=True)
-        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config))
-        expected = """\
-:param param1:
-:type param1: :class:`MyClass <name.space.MyClass>` instance
-
-:param param2:
-:type param2: :class:`MyClass <name.space.MyClass>` instance
-"""
-        assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_multiple_parameters(self):
-        docstring = """\
-Parameters
-----------
-x1, x2 : array_like
-    Input arrays, description of ``x1``, ``x2``.
-
-"""
-
-        config = Config(napoleon_use_param=False)
-        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config))
-        expected = """\
-:Parameters: **x1, x2** (*array_like*) -- Input arrays, description of ``x1``, ``x2``.
-"""
-        assert expected == actual
-
-        config = Config(napoleon_use_param=True)
-        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(dedent(docstring), config))
-        expected = """\
-:param x1: Input arrays, description of ``x1``, ``x2``.
-:type x1: array_like
-:param x2: Input arrays, description of ``x1``, ``x2``.
-:type x2: array_like
-"""
-        assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_parameters_without_class_reference(self):
-        docstring = """\
-Parameters
-----------
-param1 : MyClass instance
-
-"""
-
-        config = Config(napoleon_use_param=False)
-        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config))
-        expected = """\
-:Parameters: **param1** (*MyClass instance*)
-"""
-        assert expected == actual
-
-        config = Config(napoleon_use_param=True)
-        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(dedent(docstring), config))
-        expected = """\
-:param param1:
-:type param1: MyClass instance
-"""
-        assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_see_also_refs(self):
-        docstring = """\
-numpy.multivariate_normal(mean, cov, shape=None, spam=None)
-
-See Also
---------
-some, other, funcs
-otherfunc : relationship
-
-"""
-
-        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring))
-
-        expected = """\
-numpy.multivariate_normal(mean, cov, shape=None, spam=None)
-
-.. seealso::
-
-   :obj:`some`, :obj:`other`, :obj:`funcs`
-   \n\
-   :obj:`otherfunc`
-       relationship
-"""
-        assert expected == actual
-
-        docstring = """\
-numpy.multivariate_normal(mean, cov, shape=None, spam=None)
-
-See Also
---------
-some, other, funcs
-otherfunc : relationship
-
-"""
-
-        config = Config()
-        app = mock.Mock()
-        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config, app, "method"))
-
-        expected = """\
-numpy.multivariate_normal(mean, cov, shape=None, spam=None)
-
-.. seealso::
-
-   :obj:`some`, :obj:`other`, :obj:`funcs`
-   \n\
-   :obj:`otherfunc`
-       relationship
-"""
-        assert expected == actual
-
-        docstring = """\
-numpy.multivariate_normal(mean, cov, shape=None, spam=None)
-
-See Also
---------
-some, other, :func:`funcs`
-otherfunc : relationship
-
-"""
-        translations = {
-            "other": "MyClass.other",
-            "otherfunc": ":func:`~my_package.otherfunc`",
-        }
-        config = Config(napoleon_type_aliases=translations)
-        app = mock.Mock()
-        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config, app, "method"))
-
-        expected = """\
-numpy.multivariate_normal(mean, cov, shape=None, spam=None)
-
-.. seealso::
-
-   :obj:`some`, :obj:`MyClass.other`, :func:`funcs`
-   \n\
-   :func:`~my_package.otherfunc`
-       relationship
-"""
-        assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_colon_in_return_type(self):
-        docstring = """
-Summary
-
-Returns
--------
-:py:class:`~my_mod.my_class`
-    an instance of :py:class:`~my_mod.my_class`
-"""
-
-        expected = """
-Summary
-
-:returns: an instance of :py:class:`~my_mod.my_class`
-:rtype: :py:class:`~my_mod.my_class`
-"""
-
-        config = Config()
-        app = mock.Mock()
-        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config, app, "method"))
-
-        assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_underscore_in_attribute(self):
-        docstring = """
-Attributes
-----------
-
-arg_ : type
-    some description
-"""
-
-        expected = """
-:ivar arg_: some description
-:vartype arg_: type
-"""
-
-        config = Config(napoleon_use_ivar=True)
-        app = mock.Mock()
-        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config, app, "class"))
-
-        assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_underscore_in_attribute_strip_signature_backslash(self):
-        docstring = """
-Attributes
-----------
-
-arg_ : type
-    some description
-"""
-
-        expected = """
-:ivar arg\\_: some description
-:vartype arg\\_: type
-"""
-
-        config = Config(napoleon_use_ivar=True)
-        config.strip_signature_backslash = True
-        app = mock.Mock()
-        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config, app, "class"))
-
-        assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_return_types(self):
-        docstring = dedent("""
-            Returns
-            -------
-            DataFrame
-                a dataframe
-        """)
-        expected = dedent("""
-           :returns: a dataframe
-           :rtype: :class:`~pandas.DataFrame`
-        """)
-        translations = {
-            "DataFrame": "~pandas.DataFrame",
-        }
-        config = Config(
-            napoleon_use_param=True,
-            napoleon_use_rtype=True,
-            napoleon_preprocess_types=True,
-            napoleon_type_aliases=translations,
-        )
-        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config))
-        assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_yield_types(self):
-        docstring = dedent("""
-            Example Function
-
-            Yields
-            ------
-            scalar or array-like
-                The result of the computation
-        """)
-        expected = dedent("""
-            Example Function
-
-            :Yields: :term:`scalar` or :class:`array-like <numpy.ndarray>` -- The result of the computation
-        """)
-        translations = {
-            "scalar": ":term:`scalar`",
-            "array-like": ":class:`array-like <numpy.ndarray>`",
-        }
-        config = Config(napoleon_type_aliases=translations, napoleon_preprocess_types=True)
-        app = mock.Mock()
-        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config, app, "method"))
-        assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_raises_types(self):
-        docstrings = [("""
-Example Function
-
-Raises
-------
-  RuntimeError
-
-      A setting wasn't specified, or was invalid.
-  ValueError
-
-      Something something value error.
-
-""", """
-Example Function
-
-:raises RuntimeError: A setting wasn't specified, or was invalid.
-:raises ValueError: Something something value error.
-"""),
-                      ################################
-                      ("""
-Example Function
-
-Raises
-------
-InvalidDimensionsError
-
-""", """
-Example Function
-
-:raises InvalidDimensionsError:
-"""),
-                      ################################
-                      ("""
-Example Function
-
-Raises
-------
-Invalid Dimensions Error
-
-""", """
-Example Function
-
-:raises Invalid Dimensions Error:
-"""),
-                      ################################
-                      ("""
-Example Function
-
-Raises
-------
-Invalid Dimensions Error
-    With description
-
-""", """
-Example Function
-
-:raises Invalid Dimensions Error: With description
-"""),
-                      ################################
-                      ("""
-Example Function
-
-Raises
-------
-InvalidDimensionsError
-    If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
-
-""", """
-Example Function
-
-:raises InvalidDimensionsError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
-"""),
-                      ################################
-                      ("""
-Example Function
-
-Raises
-------
-Invalid Dimensions Error
-    If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
-
-""", """
-Example Function
-
-:raises Invalid Dimensions Error: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
-"""),
-                      ################################
-                      ("""
-Example Function
-
-Raises
-------
-If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
-
-""", """
-Example Function
-
-:raises If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.:
-"""),
-                      ################################
-                      ("""
-Example Function
-
-Raises
-------
-:class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError`
-
-""", """
-Example Function
-
-:raises exc.InvalidDimensionsError:
-"""),
-                      ################################
-                      ("""
-Example Function
-
-Raises
-------
-:class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError`
-    If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
-
-""", """
-Example Function
-
-:raises exc.InvalidDimensionsError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
-"""),
-                      ################################
-                      ("""
-Example Function
-
-Raises
-------
-:class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError`
-    If the dimensions couldn't be parsed,
-    then a :class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError` will be raised.
-
-""", """
-Example Function
-
-:raises exc.InvalidDimensionsError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed,
-    then a :class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError` will be raised.
-"""),
-                      ################################
-                      ("""
-Example Function
-
-Raises
-------
-:class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError`
-    If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
-:class:`exc.InvalidArgumentsError`
-    If the arguments are invalid.
-
-""", """
-Example Function
-
-:raises exc.InvalidDimensionsError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
-:raises exc.InvalidArgumentsError: If the arguments are invalid.
-"""),
-                      ################################
-                      ("""
-Example Function
-
-Raises
-------
-CustomError
-    If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
-
-""", """
-Example Function
-
-:raises package.CustomError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
-"""),
-                      ################################
-                      ("""
-Example Function
-
-Raises
-------
-AnotherError
-    If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
-
-""", """
-Example Function
-
-:raises ~package.AnotherError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
-"""),
-                      ################################
-                      ("""
-Example Function
-
-Raises
-------
-:class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError`
-:class:`exc.InvalidArgumentsError`
-
-""", """
-Example Function
-
-:raises exc.InvalidDimensionsError:
-:raises exc.InvalidArgumentsError:
-""")]
-        for docstring, expected in docstrings:
-            translations = {
-                "CustomError": "package.CustomError",
-                "AnotherError": ":py:exc:`~package.AnotherError`",
-            }
-            config = Config(napoleon_type_aliases=translations, napoleon_preprocess_types=True)
-            app = mock.Mock()
-            actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config, app, "method"))
-            assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_xrefs_in_return_type(self):
-        docstring = """
-Example Function
-
-Returns
--------
-:class:`numpy.ndarray`
-    A :math:`n \\times 2` array containing
-    a bunch of math items
-"""
-        expected = """
-Example Function
-
-:returns: A :math:`n \\times 2` array containing
-          a bunch of math items
-:rtype: :class:`numpy.ndarray`
-"""
-        config = Config()
-        app = mock.Mock()
-        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config, app, "method"))
-        assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_section_header_underline_length(self):
-        docstrings = [("""
-Summary line
-
-Example
--
-Multiline example
-body
-
-""", """
-Summary line
-
-Example
--
-Multiline example
-body
-"""),
-                      ################################
-                      ("""
-Summary line
-
-Example
---
-Multiline example
-body
-
-""", """
-Summary line
-
-.. rubric:: Example
-
-Multiline example
-body
-"""),
-                      ################################
-                      ("""
-Summary line
-
-Example
--------
-Multiline example
-body
-
-""", """
-Summary line
-
-.. rubric:: Example
-
-Multiline example
-body
-"""),
-                      ################################
-                      ("""
-Summary line
-
-Example
-------------
-Multiline example
-body
-
-""", """
-Summary line
-
-.. rubric:: Example
-
-Multiline example
-body
-""")]
-        for docstring, expected in docstrings:
-            actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring))
-            assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_list_in_parameter_description(self):
-        docstring = """One line summary.
-
-Parameters
-----------
-no_list : int
-one_bullet_empty : int
-    *
-one_bullet_single_line : int
-    - first line
-one_bullet_two_lines : int
-    +   first line
-        continued
-two_bullets_single_line : int
-    -  first line
-    -  second line
-two_bullets_two_lines : int
-    * first line
-      continued
-    * second line
-      continued
-one_enumeration_single_line : int
-    1.  first line
-one_enumeration_two_lines : int
-    1)   first line
-         continued
-two_enumerations_one_line : int
-    (iii) first line
-    (iv) second line
-two_enumerations_two_lines : int
-    a. first line
-       continued
-    b. second line
-       continued
-one_definition_one_line : int
-    item 1
-        first line
-one_definition_two_lines : int
-    item 1
-        first line
-        continued
-two_definitions_one_line : int
-    item 1
-        first line
-    item 2
-        second line
-two_definitions_two_lines : int
-    item 1
-        first line
-        continued
-    item 2
-        second line
-        continued
-one_definition_blank_line : int
-    item 1
-
-        first line
-
-        extra first line
-
-two_definitions_blank_lines : int
-    item 1
-
-        first line
-
-        extra first line
-
-    item 2
-
-        second line
-
-        extra second line
-
-definition_after_normal_text : int
-    text line
-
-    item 1
-        first line
-"""
-
-        expected = """One line summary.
-
-:param no_list:
-:type no_list: int
-:param one_bullet_empty:
-                         *
-:type one_bullet_empty: int
-:param one_bullet_single_line:
-                               - first line
-:type one_bullet_single_line: int
-:param one_bullet_two_lines:
-                             +   first line
-                                 continued
-:type one_bullet_two_lines: int
-:param two_bullets_single_line:
-                                -  first line
-                                -  second line
-:type two_bullets_single_line: int
-:param two_bullets_two_lines:
-                              * first line
-                                continued
-                              * second line
-                                continued
-:type two_bullets_two_lines: int
-:param one_enumeration_single_line:
-                                    1.  first line
-:type one_enumeration_single_line: int
-:param one_enumeration_two_lines:
-                                  1)   first line
-                                       continued
-:type one_enumeration_two_lines: int
-:param two_enumerations_one_line:
-                                  (iii) first line
-                                  (iv) second line
-:type two_enumerations_one_line: int
-:param two_enumerations_two_lines:
-                                   a. first line
-                                      continued
-                                   b. second line
-                                      continued
-:type two_enumerations_two_lines: int
-:param one_definition_one_line:
-                                item 1
-                                    first line
-:type one_definition_one_line: int
-:param one_definition_two_lines:
-                                 item 1
-                                     first line
-                                     continued
-:type one_definition_two_lines: int
-:param two_definitions_one_line:
-                                 item 1
-                                     first line
-                                 item 2
-                                     second line
-:type two_definitions_one_line: int
-:param two_definitions_two_lines:
-                                  item 1
-                                      first line
-                                      continued
-                                  item 2
-                                      second line
-                                      continued
-:type two_definitions_two_lines: int
-:param one_definition_blank_line:
-                                  item 1
-
-                                      first line
-
-                                      extra first line
-:type one_definition_blank_line: int
-:param two_definitions_blank_lines:
-                                    item 1
-
-                                        first line
-
-                                        extra first line
-
-                                    item 2
-
-                                        second line
-
-                                        extra second line
-:type two_definitions_blank_lines: int
-:param definition_after_normal_text: text line
-
-                                     item 1
-                                         first line
-:type definition_after_normal_text: int
-"""
-        config = Config(napoleon_use_param=True)
-        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config))
-        assert expected == actual
-
-        expected = """One line summary.
-
-:Parameters: * **no_list** (:class:`int`)
-             * **one_bullet_empty** (:class:`int`) --
-
-               *
-             * **one_bullet_single_line** (:class:`int`) --
-
-               - first line
-             * **one_bullet_two_lines** (:class:`int`) --
-
-               +   first line
-                   continued
-             * **two_bullets_single_line** (:class:`int`) --
-
-               -  first line
-               -  second line
-             * **two_bullets_two_lines** (:class:`int`) --
-
-               * first line
-                 continued
-               * second line
-                 continued
-             * **one_enumeration_single_line** (:class:`int`) --
-
-               1.  first line
-             * **one_enumeration_two_lines** (:class:`int`) --
-
-               1)   first line
-                    continued
-             * **two_enumerations_one_line** (:class:`int`) --
-
-               (iii) first line
-               (iv) second line
-             * **two_enumerations_two_lines** (:class:`int`) --
-
-               a. first line
-                  continued
-               b. second line
-                  continued
-             * **one_definition_one_line** (:class:`int`) --
-
-               item 1
-                   first line
-             * **one_definition_two_lines** (:class:`int`) --
-
-               item 1
-                   first line
-                   continued
-             * **two_definitions_one_line** (:class:`int`) --
-
-               item 1
-                   first line
-               item 2
-                   second line
-             * **two_definitions_two_lines** (:class:`int`) --
-
-               item 1
-                   first line
-                   continued
-               item 2
-                   second line
-                   continued
-             * **one_definition_blank_line** (:class:`int`) --
-
-               item 1
-
-                   first line
-
-                   extra first line
-             * **two_definitions_blank_lines** (:class:`int`) --
-
-               item 1
-
-                   first line
-
-                   extra first line
-
-               item 2
-
-                   second line
-
-                   extra second line
-             * **definition_after_normal_text** (:class:`int`) -- text line
-
-               item 1
-                   first line
-"""
-        config = Config(napoleon_use_param=False, napoleon_preprocess_types=True)
-        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config))
-        assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_token_type(self):
-        tokens = (
-            ("1", "literal"),
-            ("-4.6", "literal"),
-            ("2j", "literal"),
-            ("'string'", "literal"),
-            ('"another_string"', "literal"),
-            ("{1, 2}", "literal"),
-            ("{'va{ue', 'set'}", "literal"),
-            ("optional", "control"),
-            ("default", "control"),
-            (", ", "delimiter"),
-            (" of ", "delimiter"),
-            (" or ", "delimiter"),
-            (": ", "delimiter"),
-            ("True", "obj"),
-            ("None", "obj"),
-            ("name", "obj"),
-            (":py:class:`Enum`", "reference"),
-        )
-
-        for token, expected in tokens:
-            actual = _token_type(token)
-            assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_tokenize_type_spec(self):
-        specs = (
-            "str",
-            "defaultdict",
-            "int, float, or complex",
-            "int or float or None, optional",
-            "list of list of int or float, optional",
-            "tuple of list of str, float, or int",
-            '{"F", "C", "N"}',
-            "{'F', 'C', 'N'}, default: 'F'",
-            "{'F', 'C', 'N or C'}, default 'F'",
-            "str, default: 'F or C'",
-            "int, default: None",
-            "int, default None",
-            "int, default :obj:`None`",
-            '"ma{icious"',
-            r"'with \'quotes\''",
-        )
-
-        tokens = (
-            ["str"],
-            ["defaultdict"],
-            ["int", ", ", "float", ", or ", "complex"],
-            ["int", " or ", "float", " or ", "None", ", ", "optional"],
-            ["list", " of ", "list", " of ", "int", " or ", "float", ", ", "optional"],
-            ["tuple", " of ", "list", " of ", "str", ", ", "float", ", or ", "int"],
-            ["{", '"F"', ", ", '"C"', ", ", '"N"', "}"],
-            ["{", "'F'", ", ", "'C'", ", ", "'N'", "}", ", ", "default", ": ", "'F'"],
-            ["{", "'F'", ", ", "'C'", ", ", "'N or C'", "}", ", ", "default", " ", "'F'"],
-            ["str", ", ", "default", ": ", "'F or C'"],
-            ["int", ", ", "default", ": ", "None"],
-            ["int", ", ", "default", " ", "None"],
-            ["int", ", ", "default", " ", ":obj:`None`"],
-            ['"ma{icious"'],
-            [r"'with \'quotes\''"],
-        )
-
-        for spec, expected in zip(specs, tokens):
-            actual = _tokenize_type_spec(spec)
-            assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_recombine_set_tokens(self):
-        tokens = (
-            ["{", "1", ", ", "2", "}"],
-            ["{", '"F"', ", ", '"C"', ", ", '"N"', "}", ", ", "optional"],
-            ["{", "'F'", ", ", "'C'", ", ", "'N'", "}", ", ", "default", ": ", "None"],
-            ["{", "'F'", ", ", "'C'", ", ", "'N'", "}", ", ", "default", " ", "None"],
-        )
-
-        combined_tokens = (
-            ["{1, 2}"],
-            ['{"F", "C", "N"}', ", ", "optional"],
-            ["{'F', 'C', 'N'}", ", ", "default", ": ", "None"],
-            ["{'F', 'C', 'N'}", ", ", "default", " ", "None"],
-        )
-
-        for tokens_, expected in zip(tokens, combined_tokens):
-            actual = _recombine_set_tokens(tokens_)
-            assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_recombine_set_tokens_invalid(self):
-        tokens = (
-            ["{", "1", ", ", "2"],
-            ['"F"', ", ", '"C"', ", ", '"N"', "}", ", ", "optional"],
-            ["{", "1", ", ", "2", ", ", "default", ": ", "None"],
-        )
-        combined_tokens = (
-            ["{1, 2"],
-            ['"F"', ", ", '"C"', ", ", '"N"', "}", ", ", "optional"],
-            ["{1, 2", ", ", "default", ": ", "None"],
-        )
-
-        for tokens_, expected in zip(tokens, combined_tokens):
-            actual = _recombine_set_tokens(tokens_)
-            assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_convert_numpy_type_spec(self):
-        translations = {
-            "DataFrame": "pandas.DataFrame",
-        }
-
-        specs = (
-            "",
-            "optional",
-            "str, optional",
-            "int or float or None, default: None",
-            "list of tuple of str, optional",
-            "int, default None",
-            '{"F", "C", "N"}',
-            "{'F', 'C', 'N'}, default: 'N'",
-            "{'F', 'C', 'N'}, default 'N'",
-            "DataFrame, optional",
-        )
-
-        converted = (
-            "",
-            "*optional*",
-            ":class:`str`, *optional*",
-            ":class:`int` or :class:`float` or :obj:`None`, *default*: :obj:`None`",
-            ":class:`list` of :class:`tuple` of :class:`str`, *optional*",
-            ":class:`int`, *default* :obj:`None`",
-            '``{"F", "C", "N"}``',
-            "``{'F', 'C', 'N'}``, *default*: ``'N'``",
-            "``{'F', 'C', 'N'}``, *default* ``'N'``",
-            ":class:`pandas.DataFrame`, *optional*",
-        )
-
-        for spec, expected in zip(specs, converted):
-            actual = _convert_numpy_type_spec(spec, translations=translations)
-            assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_parameter_types(self):
-        docstring = dedent("""\
-            Parameters
-            ----------
-            param1 : DataFrame
-                the data to work on
-            param2 : int or float or None, optional
-                a parameter with different types
-            param3 : dict-like, optional
-                a optional mapping
-            param4 : int or float or None, optional
-                a optional parameter with different types
-            param5 : {"F", "C", "N"}, optional
-                a optional parameter with fixed values
-            param6 : int, default None
-                different default format
-            param7 : mapping of hashable to str, optional
-                a optional mapping
-            param8 : ... or Ellipsis
-                ellipsis
-            param9 : tuple of list of int
-                a parameter with tuple of list of int
-        """)
-        expected = dedent("""\
-            :param param1: the data to work on
-            :type param1: :class:`DataFrame`
-            :param param2: a parameter with different types
-            :type param2: :class:`int` or :class:`float` or :obj:`None`, *optional*
-            :param param3: a optional mapping
-            :type param3: :term:`dict-like <mapping>`, *optional*
-            :param param4: a optional parameter with different types
-            :type param4: :class:`int` or :class:`float` or :obj:`None`, *optional*
-            :param param5: a optional parameter with fixed values
-            :type param5: ``{"F", "C", "N"}``, *optional*
-            :param param6: different default format
-            :type param6: :class:`int`, *default* :obj:`None`
-            :param param7: a optional mapping
-            :type param7: :term:`mapping` of :term:`hashable` to :class:`str`, *optional*
-            :param param8: ellipsis
-            :type param8: :obj:`... <Ellipsis>` or :obj:`Ellipsis`
-            :param param9: a parameter with tuple of list of int
-            :type param9: :class:`tuple` of :class:`list` of :class:`int`
-        """)
-        translations = {
-            "dict-like": ":term:`dict-like <mapping>`",
-            "mapping": ":term:`mapping`",
-            "hashable": ":term:`hashable`",
-        }
-        config = Config(
-            napoleon_use_param=True,
-            napoleon_use_rtype=True,
-            napoleon_preprocess_types=True,
-            napoleon_type_aliases=translations,
-        )
-        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config))
-        assert expected == actual
-
-    def test_token_type_invalid(self, warning):
-        tokens = (
-            "{1, 2",
-            "}",
-            "'abc",
-            "def'",
-            '"ghi',
-            'jkl"',
-        )
-        errors = (
-            r".+: invalid value set \(missing closing brace\):",
-            r".+: invalid value set \(missing opening brace\):",
-            r".+: malformed string literal \(missing closing quote\):",
-            r".+: malformed string literal \(missing opening quote\):",
-            r".+: malformed string literal \(missing closing quote\):",
-            r".+: malformed string literal \(missing opening quote\):",
-        )
-        for token, error in zip(tokens, errors):
-            try:
-                _token_type(token)
-            finally:
-                raw_warnings = warning.getvalue()
-                warnings = [w for w in raw_warnings.split("\n") if w.strip()]
-
-                assert len(warnings) == 1
-                assert re.compile(error).match(warnings[0])
-                warning.truncate(0)
-
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-        ("name", "expected"),
-        [
-            ("x, y, z", "x, y, z"),
-            ("*args, **kwargs", r"\*args, \*\*kwargs"),
-            ("*x, **y", r"\*x, \*\*y"),
-        ],
-    )
-    def test_escape_args_and_kwargs(self, name, expected):
-        numpy_docstring = NumpyDocstring("")
-        actual = numpy_docstring._escape_args_and_kwargs(name)
-
-        assert actual == expected
-
-    def test_pep526_annotations(self):
-        # test class attributes annotations
-        config = Config(
-            napoleon_attr_annotations=True,
-        )
-        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(cleandoc(PEP526NumpyClass.__doc__), config, app=None, what="class",
-                                    obj=PEP526NumpyClass))
-        expected = """\
-Sample class with PEP 526 annotations and numpy docstring
-
-.. attribute:: attr1
-
-   Attr1 description
-
-   :type: int
-
-.. attribute:: attr2
-
-   Attr2 description
-
-   :type: str
-"""
-        print(actual)
-        assert expected == actual
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-napoleon',
-                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': 'description',
-                                   'autodoc_typehints_description_target': 'all'})
-def test_napoleon_and_autodoc_typehints_description_all(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'typehints.txt').read_text(encoding='utf-8')
-    assert content == (
-        'typehints\n'
-        '*********\n'
-        '\n'
-        'mypackage.typehints.hello(x, *args, **kwargs)\n'
-        '\n'
-        '   Parameters:\n'
-        '      * **x** (*int*) -- X\n'
-        '\n'
-        '      * ***args** (*int*) -- Additional arguments.\n'
-        '\n'
-        '      * ****kwargs** (*int*) -- Extra arguments.\n'
-        '\n'
-        '   Return type:\n'
-        '      None\n'
-    )
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-napoleon',
-                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': 'description',
-                                   'autodoc_typehints_description_target': 'documented_params'})
-def test_napoleon_and_autodoc_typehints_description_documented_params(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'typehints.txt').read_text(encoding='utf-8')
-    assert content == (
-        'typehints\n'
-        '*********\n'
-        '\n'
-        'mypackage.typehints.hello(x, *args, **kwargs)\n'
-        '\n'
-        '   Parameters:\n'
-        '      * **x** (*int*) -- X\n'
-        '\n'
-        '      * ***args** (*int*) -- Additional arguments.\n'
-        '\n'
-        '      * ****kwargs** (*int*) -- Extra arguments.\n'
-    )
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_todo.py b/tests/test_ext_todo.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 7d39495..0000000
--- a/tests/test_ext_todo.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
-"""Test sphinx.ext.todo extension."""
-
-import re
-
-import pytest
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-todo', freshenv=True,
-                    confoverrides={'todo_include_todos': True, 'todo_emit_warnings': True})
-def test_todo(app, status, warning):
-    todos = []
-
-    def on_todo_defined(app, node):
-        todos.append(node)
-
-    app.connect('todo-defined', on_todo_defined)
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    # check todolist
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('<p class="admonition-title">Todo</p>\n'
-            '<p>todo in foo</p>') in content
-
-    assert ('<p class="admonition-title">Todo</p>\n'
-            '<p>todo in bar</p>') in content
-
-    # check todo
-    content = (app.outdir / 'foo.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('<p class="admonition-title">Todo</p>\n'
-            '<p>todo in foo</p>') in content
-
-    assert ('<p class="admonition-title">Todo</p>\n'
-            '<p>todo in param field</p>') in content
-
-    # check emitted warnings
-    assert 'WARNING: TODO entry found: todo in foo' in warning.getvalue()
-    assert 'WARNING: TODO entry found: todo in bar' in warning.getvalue()
-
-    # check handled event
-    assert len(todos) == 3
-    assert {todo[1].astext() for todo in todos} == {'todo in foo',
-                                                    'todo in bar',
-                                                    'todo in param field'}
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-todo', freshenv=True,
-                    confoverrides={'todo_include_todos': False, 'todo_emit_warnings': True})
-def test_todo_not_included(app, status, warning):
-    todos = []
-
-    def on_todo_defined(app, node):
-        todos.append(node)
-
-    app.connect('todo-defined', on_todo_defined)
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    # check todolist
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('<p class="admonition-title">Todo</p>\n'
-            '<p>todo in foo</p>') not in content
-
-    assert ('<p class="admonition-title">Todo</p>\n'
-            '<p>todo in bar</p>') not in content
-
-    # check todo
-    content = (app.outdir / 'foo.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('<p class="admonition-title">Todo</p>\n'
-            '<p>todo in foo</p>') not in content
-
-    # check emitted warnings
-    assert 'WARNING: TODO entry found: todo in foo' in warning.getvalue()
-    assert 'WARNING: TODO entry found: todo in bar' in warning.getvalue()
-
-    # check handled event
-    assert len(todos) == 3
-    assert {todo[1].astext() for todo in todos} == {'todo in foo',
-                                                    'todo in bar',
-                                                    'todo in param field'}
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='ext-todo', freshenv=True,
-                    confoverrides={'todo_include_todos': True})
-def test_todo_valid_link(app, status, warning):
-    """
-    Test that the inserted "original entry" links for todo items have a target
-    that exists in the LaTeX output. The target was previously incorrectly
-    omitted (GitHub issue #1020).
-    """
-
-    # Ensure the LaTeX output is built.
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    # Look for the link to foo. Note that there are two of them because the
-    # source document uses todolist twice. We could equally well look for links
-    # to bar.
-    link = (r'{\\hyperref\[\\detokenize{(.*?foo.*?)}]{\\sphinxcrossref{'
-            r'\\sphinxstyleemphasis{original entry}}}}')
-    m = re.findall(link, content)
-    assert len(m) == 4
-    target = m[0]
-
-    # Look for the targets of this link.
-    labels = re.findall(r'\\label{\\detokenize{([^}]*)}}', content)
-    matched = [l for l in labels if l == target]
-
-    # If everything is correct we should have exactly one target.
-    assert len(matched) == 1
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_viewcode.py b/tests/test_ext_viewcode.py
deleted file mode 100644
index a1a0a6d..0000000
--- a/tests/test_ext_viewcode.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,137 +0,0 @@
-"""Test sphinx.ext.viewcode extension."""
-
-import re
-import shutil
-
-import pytest
-
-
-def check_viewcode_output(app, warning):
-    warnings = re.sub(r'\\+', '/', warning.getvalue())
-    assert re.findall(
-        r"index.rst:\d+: WARNING: Object named 'func1' not found in include " +
-        r"file .*/spam/__init__.py'",
-        warnings,
-    )
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert result.count('href="_modules/spam/mod1.html#func1"') == 2
-    assert result.count('href="_modules/spam/mod2.html#func2"') == 2
-    assert result.count('href="_modules/spam/mod1.html#Class1"') == 2
-    assert result.count('href="_modules/spam/mod2.html#Class2"') == 2
-    assert result.count('@decorator') == 1
-
-    # test that the class attribute is correctly documented
-    assert result.count('this is Class3') == 2
-    assert 'this is the class attribute class_attr' in result
-    # the next assert fails, until the autodoc bug gets fixed
-    assert result.count('this is the class attribute class_attr') == 2
-
-    result = (app.outdir / '_modules/spam/mod1.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    result = re.sub('<span class="[^"]{,2}">', '<span>', result)  # filter pygments classes
-    assert ('<div class="viewcode-block" id="Class1">\n'
-            '<a class="viewcode-back" href="../../index.html#spam.Class1">[docs]</a>\n') in result
-    assert '<span>@decorator</span>\n' in result
-    assert '<span>class</span> <span>Class1</span><span>:</span>\n' in result
-    assert '<span>    </span><span>&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>\n' in result
-    assert '<span>    this is Class1</span>\n' in result
-    assert '<span>    &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>\n' in result
-
-    return result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-viewcode', freshenv=True,
-                    confoverrides={"viewcode_line_numbers": True})
-def test_viewcode_linenos(app, warning):
-    shutil.rmtree(app.outdir / '_modules', ignore_errors=True)
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    result = check_viewcode_output(app, warning)
-    assert '<span class="linenos"> 1</span>' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-viewcode', freshenv=True,
-                    confoverrides={"viewcode_line_numbers": False})
-def test_viewcode(app, warning):
-    shutil.rmtree(app.outdir / '_modules', ignore_errors=True)
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    result = check_viewcode_output(app, warning)
-    assert 'class="linenos">' not in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='ext-viewcode')
-def test_viewcode_epub_default(app, status, warning):
-    shutil.rmtree(app.outdir)
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    assert not (app.outdir / '_modules/spam/mod1.xhtml').exists()
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'index.xhtml').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert result.count('href="_modules/spam/mod1.xhtml#func1"') == 0
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='ext-viewcode',
-                    confoverrides={'viewcode_enable_epub': True})
-def test_viewcode_epub_enabled(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    assert (app.outdir / '_modules/spam/mod1.xhtml').exists()
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'index.xhtml').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert result.count('href="_modules/spam/mod1.xhtml#func1"') == 2
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-viewcode', tags=['test_linkcode'])
-def test_linkcode(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build(['objects'])
-
-    stuff = (app.outdir / 'objects.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    assert 'http://foobar/source/foolib.py' in stuff
-    assert 'http://foobar/js/' in stuff
-    assert 'http://foobar/c/' in stuff
-    assert 'http://foobar/cpp/' in stuff
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-viewcode-find', freshenv=True)
-def test_local_source_files(app, status, warning):
-    def find_source(app, modname):
-        if modname == 'not_a_package':
-            source = (app.srcdir / 'not_a_package/__init__.py').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-            tags = {
-                'func1': ('def', 1, 1),
-                'Class1': ('class', 1, 1),
-                'not_a_package.submodule.func1': ('def', 1, 1),
-                'not_a_package.submodule.Class1': ('class', 1, 1),
-            }
-        else:
-            source = (app.srcdir / 'not_a_package/submodule.py').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-            tags = {
-                'not_a_package.submodule.func1': ('def', 11, 15),
-                'Class1': ('class', 19, 22),
-                'not_a_package.submodule.Class1': ('class', 19, 22),
-                'Class3': ('class', 25, 30),
-                'not_a_package.submodule.Class3.class_attr': ('other', 29, 29),
-            }
-        return (source, tags)
-
-    app.connect('viewcode-find-source', find_source)
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    warnings = re.sub(r'\\+', '/', warning.getvalue())
-    assert re.findall(
-        r"index.rst:\d+: WARNING: Object named 'func1' not found in include " +
-        r"file .*/not_a_package/__init__.py'",
-        warnings,
-    )
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert result.count('href="_modules/not_a_package.html#func1"') == 1
-    assert result.count('href="_modules/not_a_package.html#not_a_package.submodule.func1"') == 1
-    assert result.count('href="_modules/not_a_package/submodule.html#Class1"') == 1
-    assert result.count('href="_modules/not_a_package/submodule.html#Class3"') == 1
-    assert result.count('href="_modules/not_a_package/submodule.html#not_a_package.submodule.Class1"') == 1
-
-    assert result.count('href="_modules/not_a_package/submodule.html#not_a_package.submodule.Class3.class_attr"') == 1
-    assert result.count('This is the class attribute class_attr') == 1
diff --git a/tests/test_extension.py b/tests/test_extension.py
deleted file mode 100644
index d74743c..0000000
--- a/tests/test_extension.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-"""Test sphinx.extension module."""
-
-import pytest
-
-from sphinx.errors import VersionRequirementError
-from sphinx.extension import Extension, verify_needs_extensions
-
-
-def test_needs_extensions(app):
-    # empty needs_extensions
-    assert app.config.needs_extensions == {}
-    verify_needs_extensions(app, app.config)
-
-    # needs_extensions fulfilled
-    app.config.needs_extensions = {'test.extension': '3.9'}
-    app.extensions['test.extension'] = Extension('test.extension', 'test.extension', version='3.10')
-    verify_needs_extensions(app, app.config)
-
-    # needs_extensions not fulfilled
-    app.config.needs_extensions = {'test.extension': '3.11'}
-    app.extensions['test.extension'] = Extension('test.extension', 'test.extension', version='3.10')
-    with pytest.raises(VersionRequirementError):
-        verify_needs_extensions(app, app.config)
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/__init__.py b/tests/test_extensions/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/autodoc_util.py b/tests/test_extensions/autodoc_util.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c4da07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/autodoc_util.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+from unittest.mock import Mock
+
+# NEVER import those objects from sphinx.ext.autodoc directly
+from sphinx.ext.autodoc.directive import DocumenterBridge, process_documenter_options
+from sphinx.util.docutils import LoggingReporter
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Any
+
+    from docutils.statemachine import StringList
+
+    from sphinx.application import Sphinx
+
+
+def do_autodoc(
+    app: Sphinx,
+    objtype: str,
+    name: str,
+    options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+) -> StringList:
+    options = {} if options is None else options.copy()
+    app.env.temp_data.setdefault('docname', 'index')  # set dummy docname
+    doccls = app.registry.documenters[objtype]
+    docoptions = process_documenter_options(doccls, app.config, options)
+    state = Mock()
+    state.document.settings.tab_width = 8
+    bridge = DocumenterBridge(app.env, LoggingReporter(''), docoptions, 1, state)
+    documenter = doccls(bridge, name)
+    documenter.generate()
+    return bridge.result
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/ext_napoleon_pep526_data_google.py b/tests/test_extensions/ext_napoleon_pep526_data_google.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0692e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/ext_napoleon_pep526_data_google.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+"""Test module for napoleon PEP 526 compatibility with google style"""
+
+module_level_var: int = 99
+"""This is an example module level variable"""
+
+
+class PEP526GoogleClass:
+    """Sample class with PEP 526 annotations and google docstring.
+
+    Attributes:
+        attr1: Attr1 description.
+        attr2: Attr2 description.
+    """
+
+    attr1: int
+    attr2: str
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/ext_napoleon_pep526_data_numpy.py b/tests/test_extensions/ext_napoleon_pep526_data_numpy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eff7746
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/ext_napoleon_pep526_data_numpy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+"""Test module for napoleon PEP 526 compatibility with numpy style"""
+
+module_level_var: int = 99
+"""This is an example module level variable"""
+
+
+class PEP526NumpyClass:
+    """
+    Sample class with PEP 526 annotations and numpy docstring
+
+    Attributes
+    ----------
+    attr1:
+        Attr1 description
+
+    attr2:
+        Attr2 description
+    """
+
+    attr1: int
+    attr2: str
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_apidoc.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_apidoc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3c979f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_apidoc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,663 @@
+"""Test the sphinx.apidoc module."""
+
+import os.path
+from collections import namedtuple
+
+import pytest
+
+import sphinx.ext.apidoc
+from sphinx.ext.apidoc import main as apidoc_main
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def apidoc(rootdir, tmp_path, apidoc_params):
+    _, kwargs = apidoc_params
+    coderoot = rootdir / kwargs.get('coderoot', 'test-root')
+    outdir = tmp_path / 'out'
+    excludes = [str(coderoot / e) for e in kwargs.get('excludes', [])]
+    args = ['-o', str(outdir), '-F', str(coderoot), *excludes, *kwargs.get('options', [])]
+    apidoc_main(args)
+    return namedtuple('apidoc', 'coderoot,outdir')(coderoot, outdir)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def apidoc_params(request):
+    pargs = {}
+    kwargs = {}
+
+    for info in reversed(list(request.node.iter_markers("apidoc"))):
+        pargs |= dict(enumerate(info.args))
+        kwargs.update(info.kwargs)
+
+    args = [pargs[i] for i in sorted(pargs.keys())]
+    return args, kwargs
+
+
+@pytest.mark.apidoc(coderoot='test-root')
+def test_simple(make_app, apidoc):
+    outdir = apidoc.outdir
+    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'index.rst').is_file()
+
+    app = make_app('text', srcdir=outdir)
+    app.build()
+    print(app._status.getvalue())
+    print(app._warning.getvalue())
+
+
+@pytest.mark.apidoc(
+    coderoot='test-apidoc-pep420/a',
+    options=["--implicit-namespaces"],
+)
+def test_pep_0420_enabled(make_app, apidoc):
+    outdir = apidoc.outdir
+    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.c.rst').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.e.rst').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.x.rst').is_file()
+
+    with open(outdir / 'a.b.c.rst', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        rst = f.read()
+        assert "automodule:: a.b.c.d\n" in rst
+        assert "automodule:: a.b.c\n" in rst
+
+    with open(outdir / 'a.b.e.rst', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        rst = f.read()
+        assert "automodule:: a.b.e.f\n" in rst
+
+    with open(outdir / 'a.b.x.rst', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        rst = f.read()
+        assert "automodule:: a.b.x.y\n" in rst
+        assert "automodule:: a.b.x\n" not in rst
+
+    app = make_app('text', srcdir=outdir)
+    app.build()
+    print(app._status.getvalue())
+    print(app._warning.getvalue())
+
+    builddir = outdir / '_build' / 'text'
+    assert (builddir / 'a.b.c.txt').is_file()
+    assert (builddir / 'a.b.e.txt').is_file()
+    assert (builddir / 'a.b.x.txt').is_file()
+
+    with open(builddir / 'a.b.c.txt', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        txt = f.read()
+        assert "a.b.c package\n" in txt
+
+    with open(builddir / 'a.b.e.txt', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        txt = f.read()
+        assert "a.b.e.f module\n" in txt
+
+    with open(builddir / 'a.b.x.txt', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        txt = f.read()
+        assert "a.b.x namespace\n" in txt
+
+
+@pytest.mark.apidoc(
+    coderoot='test-apidoc-pep420/a',
+    options=["--implicit-namespaces", "--separate"],
+)
+def test_pep_0420_enabled_separate(make_app, apidoc):
+    outdir = apidoc.outdir
+    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.c.rst').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.e.rst').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.e.f.rst').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.x.rst').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.x.y.rst').is_file()
+
+    with open(outdir / 'a.b.c.rst', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        rst = f.read()
+        assert ".. toctree::\n   :maxdepth: 4\n\n   a.b.c.d\n" in rst
+
+    with open(outdir / 'a.b.e.rst', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        rst = f.read()
+        assert ".. toctree::\n   :maxdepth: 4\n\n   a.b.e.f\n" in rst
+
+    with open(outdir / 'a.b.x.rst', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        rst = f.read()
+        assert ".. toctree::\n   :maxdepth: 4\n\n   a.b.x.y\n" in rst
+
+    app = make_app('text', srcdir=outdir)
+    app.build()
+    print(app._status.getvalue())
+    print(app._warning.getvalue())
+
+    builddir = outdir / '_build' / 'text'
+    assert (builddir / 'a.b.c.txt').is_file()
+    assert (builddir / 'a.b.e.txt').is_file()
+    assert (builddir / 'a.b.e.f.txt').is_file()
+    assert (builddir / 'a.b.x.txt').is_file()
+    assert (builddir / 'a.b.x.y.txt').is_file()
+
+    with open(builddir / 'a.b.c.txt', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        txt = f.read()
+        assert "a.b.c package\n" in txt
+
+    with open(builddir / 'a.b.e.f.txt', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        txt = f.read()
+        assert "a.b.e.f module\n" in txt
+
+    with open(builddir / 'a.b.x.txt', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        txt = f.read()
+        assert "a.b.x namespace\n" in txt
+
+
+@pytest.mark.apidoc(coderoot='test-apidoc-pep420/a')
+def test_pep_0420_disabled(make_app, apidoc):
+    outdir = apidoc.outdir
+    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
+    assert not (outdir / 'a.b.c.rst').exists()
+    assert not (outdir / 'a.b.x.rst').exists()
+
+    app = make_app('text', srcdir=outdir)
+    app.build()
+    print(app._status.getvalue())
+    print(app._warning.getvalue())
+
+
+@pytest.mark.apidoc(
+    coderoot='test-apidoc-pep420/a/b')
+def test_pep_0420_disabled_top_level_verify(make_app, apidoc):
+    outdir = apidoc.outdir
+    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'c.rst').is_file()
+    assert not (outdir / 'x.rst').exists()
+
+    with open(outdir / 'c.rst', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        rst = f.read()
+        assert "c package\n" in rst
+        assert "automodule:: c.d\n" in rst
+        assert "automodule:: c\n" in rst
+
+    app = make_app('text', srcdir=outdir)
+    app.build()
+    print(app._status.getvalue())
+    print(app._warning.getvalue())
+
+
+@pytest.mark.apidoc(
+    coderoot='test-apidoc-trailing-underscore')
+def test_trailing_underscore(make_app, apidoc):
+    outdir = apidoc.outdir
+    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'package_.rst').is_file()
+
+    app = make_app('text', srcdir=outdir)
+    app.build()
+    print(app._status.getvalue())
+    print(app._warning.getvalue())
+
+    builddir = outdir / '_build' / 'text'
+    with open(builddir / 'package_.txt', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        rst = f.read()
+        assert "package_ package\n" in rst
+        assert "package_.module_ module\n" in rst
+
+
+@pytest.mark.apidoc(
+    coderoot='test-apidoc-pep420/a',
+    excludes=["b/c/d.py", "b/e/f.py", "b/e/__init__.py"],
+    options=["--implicit-namespaces", "--separate"],
+)
+def test_excludes(apidoc):
+    outdir = apidoc.outdir
+    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.rst').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.rst').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.c.rst').is_file()  # generated because not empty
+    assert not (outdir / 'a.b.e.rst').is_file()  # skipped because of empty after excludes
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.x.rst').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.x.y.rst').is_file()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.apidoc(
+    coderoot='test-apidoc-pep420/a',
+    excludes=["b/e"],
+    options=["--implicit-namespaces", "--separate"],
+)
+def test_excludes_subpackage_should_be_skipped(apidoc):
+    """Subpackage exclusion should work."""
+    outdir = apidoc.outdir
+    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.rst').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.rst').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.c.rst').is_file()  # generated because not empty
+    assert not (outdir / 'a.b.e.f.rst').is_file()  # skipped because 'b/e' subpackage is skipped
+
+
+@pytest.mark.apidoc(
+    coderoot='test-apidoc-pep420/a',
+    excludes=["b/e/f.py"],
+    options=["--implicit-namespaces", "--separate"],
+)
+def test_excludes_module_should_be_skipped(apidoc):
+    """Module exclusion should work."""
+    outdir = apidoc.outdir
+    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.rst').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.rst').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.c.rst').is_file()  # generated because not empty
+    assert not (outdir / 'a.b.e.f.rst').is_file()  # skipped because of empty after excludes
+
+
+@pytest.mark.apidoc(
+    coderoot='test-apidoc-pep420/a',
+    excludes=[],
+    options=["--implicit-namespaces", "--separate"],
+)
+def test_excludes_module_should_not_be_skipped(apidoc):
+    """Module should be included if no excludes are used."""
+    outdir = apidoc.outdir
+    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.rst').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.rst').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.c.rst').is_file()  # generated because not empty
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.e.f.rst').is_file()  # skipped because of empty after excludes
+
+
+@pytest.mark.apidoc(
+    coderoot='test-root',
+    options=[
+        '--doc-project', 'プロジェクト名',
+        '--doc-author', '著者名',
+        '--doc-version', 'バージョン',
+        '--doc-release', 'リリース',
+    ],
+)
+def test_multibyte_parameters(make_app, apidoc):
+    outdir = apidoc.outdir
+    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'index.rst').is_file()
+
+    conf_py = (outdir / 'conf.py').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert "project = 'プロジェクト名'" in conf_py
+    assert "author = '著者名'" in conf_py
+    assert "version = 'バージョン'" in conf_py
+    assert "release = 'リリース'" in conf_py
+
+    app = make_app('text', srcdir=outdir)
+    app.build()
+    print(app._status.getvalue())
+    print(app._warning.getvalue())
+
+
+@pytest.mark.apidoc(
+    coderoot='test-root',
+    options=['--ext-mathjax'],
+)
+def test_extension_parsed(make_app, apidoc):
+    outdir = apidoc.outdir
+    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
+
+    with open(outdir / 'conf.py', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        rst = f.read()
+        assert "sphinx.ext.mathjax" in rst
+
+
+@pytest.mark.apidoc(
+    coderoot='test-apidoc-toc/mypackage',
+    options=["--implicit-namespaces"],
+)
+def test_toc_all_references_should_exist_pep420_enabled(make_app, apidoc):
+    """All references in toc should exist. This test doesn't say if
+    directories with empty __init__.py and and nothing else should be
+    skipped, just ensures consistency between what's referenced in the toc
+    and what is created. This is the variant with pep420 enabled.
+    """
+    outdir = apidoc.outdir
+    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
+
+    toc = extract_toc(outdir / 'mypackage.rst')
+
+    refs = [l.strip() for l in toc.splitlines() if l.strip()]
+    found_refs = []
+    missing_files = []
+    for ref in refs:
+        if ref and ref[0] in (':', '#'):
+            continue
+        found_refs.append(ref)
+        filename = f"{ref}.rst"
+        if not (outdir / filename).is_file():
+            missing_files.append(filename)
+
+    assert len(missing_files) == 0, \
+        'File(s) referenced in TOC not found: {}\n' \
+        'TOC:\n{}'.format(", ".join(missing_files), toc)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.apidoc(
+    coderoot='test-apidoc-toc/mypackage',
+)
+def test_toc_all_references_should_exist_pep420_disabled(make_app, apidoc):
+    """All references in toc should exist. This test doesn't say if
+    directories with empty __init__.py and and nothing else should be
+    skipped, just ensures consistency between what's referenced in the toc
+    and what is created. This is the variant with pep420 disabled.
+    """
+    outdir = apidoc.outdir
+    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
+
+    toc = extract_toc(outdir / 'mypackage.rst')
+
+    refs = [l.strip() for l in toc.splitlines() if l.strip()]
+    found_refs = []
+    missing_files = []
+    for ref in refs:
+        if ref and ref[0] in (':', '#'):
+            continue
+        filename = f"{ref}.rst"
+        found_refs.append(ref)
+        if not (outdir / filename).is_file():
+            missing_files.append(filename)
+
+    assert len(missing_files) == 0, \
+        'File(s) referenced in TOC not found: {}\n' \
+        'TOC:\n{}'.format(", ".join(missing_files), toc)
+
+
+def extract_toc(path):
+    """Helper: Extract toc section from package rst file"""
+    with open(path, encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        rst = f.read()
+
+    # Read out the part containing the toctree
+    toctree_start = "\n.. toctree::\n"
+    toctree_end = "\nSubmodules"
+
+    start_idx = rst.index(toctree_start)
+    end_idx = rst.index(toctree_end, start_idx)
+    toctree = rst[start_idx + len(toctree_start):end_idx]
+
+    return toctree
+
+
+@pytest.mark.apidoc(
+    coderoot='test-apidoc-subpackage-in-toc',
+    options=['--separate'],
+)
+def test_subpackage_in_toc(make_app, apidoc):
+    """Make sure that empty subpackages with non-empty subpackages in them
+    are not skipped (issue #4520)
+    """
+    outdir = apidoc.outdir
+    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
+
+    assert (outdir / 'parent.rst').is_file()
+    with open(outdir / 'parent.rst', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        parent = f.read()
+    assert 'parent.child' in parent
+
+    assert (outdir / 'parent.child.rst').is_file()
+    with open(outdir / 'parent.child.rst', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        parent_child = f.read()
+    assert 'parent.child.foo' in parent_child
+
+    assert (outdir / 'parent.child.foo.rst').is_file()
+
+
+def test_private(tmp_path):
+    (tmp_path / 'hello.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+    (tmp_path / '_world.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+
+    # without --private option
+    apidoc_main(['-o', str(tmp_path), str(tmp_path)])
+    assert (tmp_path / 'hello.rst').exists()
+    assert ':private-members:' not in (tmp_path / 'hello.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert not (tmp_path / '_world.rst').exists()
+
+    # with --private option
+    apidoc_main(['--private', '-f', '-o', str(tmp_path), str(tmp_path)])
+    assert (tmp_path / 'hello.rst').exists()
+    assert ':private-members:' in (tmp_path / 'hello.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert (tmp_path / '_world.rst').exists()
+
+
+def test_toc_file(tmp_path):
+    outdir = tmp_path
+    (outdir / 'module').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (outdir / 'example.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+    (outdir / 'module' / 'example.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+    apidoc_main(['-o', str(tmp_path), str(tmp_path)])
+    assert (outdir / 'modules.rst').exists()
+
+    content = (outdir / 'modules.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert content == ("test_toc_file0\n"
+                       "==============\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. toctree::\n"
+                       "   :maxdepth: 4\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "   example\n")
+
+
+def test_module_file(tmp_path):
+    outdir = tmp_path
+    (outdir / 'example.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+    apidoc_main(['-o', str(tmp_path), str(tmp_path)])
+    assert (outdir / 'example.rst').exists()
+
+    content = (outdir / 'example.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert content == ("example module\n"
+                       "==============\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. automodule:: example\n"
+                       "   :members:\n"
+                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
+                       "   :show-inheritance:\n")
+
+
+def test_module_file_noheadings(tmp_path):
+    outdir = tmp_path
+    (outdir / 'example.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+    apidoc_main(['--no-headings', '-o', str(tmp_path), str(tmp_path)])
+    assert (outdir / 'example.rst').exists()
+
+    content = (outdir / 'example.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert content == (".. automodule:: example\n"
+                       "   :members:\n"
+                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
+                       "   :show-inheritance:\n")
+
+
+def test_package_file(tmp_path):
+    outdir = tmp_path
+    (outdir / 'testpkg').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (outdir / 'testpkg' / '__init__.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+    (outdir / 'testpkg' / 'hello.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+    (outdir / 'testpkg' / 'world.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+    (outdir / 'testpkg' / 'subpkg').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (outdir / 'testpkg' / 'subpkg' / '__init__.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+    apidoc_main(['-o', str(outdir), str(outdir / 'testpkg')])
+    assert (outdir / 'testpkg.rst').exists()
+    assert (outdir / 'testpkg.subpkg.rst').exists()
+
+    content = (outdir / 'testpkg.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert content == ("testpkg package\n"
+                       "===============\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "Subpackages\n"
+                       "-----------\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. toctree::\n"
+                       "   :maxdepth: 4\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "   testpkg.subpkg\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "Submodules\n"
+                       "----------\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "testpkg.hello module\n"
+                       "--------------------\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. automodule:: testpkg.hello\n"
+                       "   :members:\n"
+                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
+                       "   :show-inheritance:\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "testpkg.world module\n"
+                       "--------------------\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. automodule:: testpkg.world\n"
+                       "   :members:\n"
+                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
+                       "   :show-inheritance:\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "Module contents\n"
+                       "---------------\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. automodule:: testpkg\n"
+                       "   :members:\n"
+                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
+                       "   :show-inheritance:\n")
+
+    content = (outdir / 'testpkg.subpkg.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert content == ("testpkg.subpkg package\n"
+                       "======================\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "Module contents\n"
+                       "---------------\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. automodule:: testpkg.subpkg\n"
+                       "   :members:\n"
+                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
+                       "   :show-inheritance:\n")
+
+
+def test_package_file_separate(tmp_path):
+    outdir = tmp_path
+    (outdir / 'testpkg').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (outdir / 'testpkg' / '__init__.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+    (outdir / 'testpkg' / 'example.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+    apidoc_main(['--separate', '-o', str(tmp_path), str(tmp_path / 'testpkg')])
+    assert (outdir / 'testpkg.rst').exists()
+    assert (outdir / 'testpkg.example.rst').exists()
+
+    content = (outdir / 'testpkg.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert content == ("testpkg package\n"
+                       "===============\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "Submodules\n"
+                       "----------\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. toctree::\n"
+                       "   :maxdepth: 4\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "   testpkg.example\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "Module contents\n"
+                       "---------------\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. automodule:: testpkg\n"
+                       "   :members:\n"
+                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
+                       "   :show-inheritance:\n")
+
+    content = (outdir / 'testpkg.example.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert content == ("testpkg.example module\n"
+                       "======================\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. automodule:: testpkg.example\n"
+                       "   :members:\n"
+                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
+                       "   :show-inheritance:\n")
+
+
+def test_package_file_module_first(tmp_path):
+    outdir = tmp_path
+    (outdir / 'testpkg').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (outdir / 'testpkg' / '__init__.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+    (outdir / 'testpkg' / 'example.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+    apidoc_main(['--module-first', '-o', str(tmp_path), str(tmp_path)])
+
+    content = (outdir / 'testpkg.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert content == ("testpkg package\n"
+                       "===============\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. automodule:: testpkg\n"
+                       "   :members:\n"
+                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
+                       "   :show-inheritance:\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "Submodules\n"
+                       "----------\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "testpkg.example module\n"
+                       "----------------------\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. automodule:: testpkg.example\n"
+                       "   :members:\n"
+                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
+                       "   :show-inheritance:\n")
+
+
+def test_package_file_without_submodules(tmp_path):
+    outdir = tmp_path
+    (outdir / 'testpkg').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (outdir / 'testpkg' / '__init__.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+    apidoc_main(['-o', str(tmp_path), str(tmp_path / 'testpkg')])
+    assert (outdir / 'testpkg.rst').exists()
+
+    content = (outdir / 'testpkg.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert content == ("testpkg package\n"
+                       "===============\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "Module contents\n"
+                       "---------------\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. automodule:: testpkg\n"
+                       "   :members:\n"
+                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
+                       "   :show-inheritance:\n")
+
+
+def test_namespace_package_file(tmp_path):
+    outdir = tmp_path
+    (outdir / 'testpkg').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (outdir / 'testpkg' / 'example.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+    apidoc_main(['--implicit-namespace', '-o', str(tmp_path), str(tmp_path / 'testpkg')])
+    assert (outdir / 'testpkg.rst').exists()
+
+    content = (outdir / 'testpkg.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert content == ("testpkg namespace\n"
+                       "=================\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. py:module:: testpkg\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "Submodules\n"
+                       "----------\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "testpkg.example module\n"
+                       "----------------------\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. automodule:: testpkg.example\n"
+                       "   :members:\n"
+                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
+                       "   :show-inheritance:\n")
+
+
+def test_no_duplicates(rootdir, tmp_path):
+    """Make sure that a ".pyx" and ".so" don't cause duplicate listings.
+
+    We can't use pytest.mark.apidoc here as we use a different set of arguments
+    to apidoc_main
+    """
+    original_suffixes = sphinx.ext.apidoc.PY_SUFFIXES
+    try:
+        # Ensure test works on Windows
+        sphinx.ext.apidoc.PY_SUFFIXES += ('.so',)
+
+        package = rootdir / 'test-apidoc-duplicates' / 'fish_licence'
+        outdir = tmp_path / 'out'
+        apidoc_main(['-o', str(outdir), "-T", str(package), "--implicit-namespaces"])
+
+        # Ensure the module has been documented
+        assert os.path.isfile(outdir / 'fish_licence.rst')
+
+        # Ensure the submodule only appears once
+        text = (outdir / 'fish_licence.rst').read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+        count_submodules = text.count(r'fish\_licence.halibut module')
+        assert count_submodules == 1
+
+    finally:
+        sphinx.ext.apidoc.PY_SUFFIXES = original_suffixes
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54f81f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2923 @@
+"""Test the autodoc extension.
+
+This tests mainly the Documenters; the auto directives are tested in a test
+source file translated by test_build.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import functools
+import itertools
+import operator
+import sys
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+from unittest.mock import Mock
+from warnings import catch_warnings
+
+import pytest
+from docutils.statemachine import ViewList
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.ext.autodoc import ALL, ModuleLevelDocumenter, Options
+
+from tests.test_extensions.autodoc_util import do_autodoc
+
+try:
+    # Enable pyximport to test cython module
+    import pyximport
+    pyximport.install()
+except ImportError:
+    pyximport = None
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Any
+
+
+def make_directive_bridge(env):
+    options = Options(
+        inherited_members=False,
+        undoc_members=False,
+        private_members=False,
+        special_members=False,
+        imported_members=False,
+        show_inheritance=False,
+        no_index=False,
+        annotation=None,
+        synopsis='',
+        platform='',
+        deprecated=False,
+        members=[],
+        member_order='alphabetical',
+        exclude_members=set(),
+        ignore_module_all=False,
+    )
+
+    directive = SimpleNamespace(
+        env=env,
+        genopt=options,
+        result=ViewList(),
+        record_dependencies=set(),
+        state=Mock(),
+    )
+    directive.state.document.settings.tab_width = 8
+
+    return directive
+
+
+processed_signatures = []
+
+
+def test_parse_name(app):
+    def verify(objtype, name, result):
+        inst = app.registry.documenters[objtype](directive, name)
+        assert inst.parse_name()
+        assert (inst.modname, inst.objpath, inst.args, inst.retann) == result
+
+    directive = make_directive_bridge(app.env)
+
+    # for modules
+    verify('module', 'test_ext_autodoc', ('test_ext_autodoc', [], None, None))
+    verify('module', 'test.test_ext_autodoc', ('test.test_ext_autodoc', [], None, None))
+    verify('module', 'test(arg)', ('test', [], 'arg', None))
+    assert 'signature arguments' in app.warning.getvalue()
+
+    # for functions/classes
+    verify('function', 'test_ext_autodoc.raises',
+           ('test_ext_autodoc', ['raises'], None, None))
+    verify('function', 'test_ext_autodoc.raises(exc) -> None',
+           ('test_ext_autodoc', ['raises'], 'exc', 'None'))
+    directive.env.temp_data['autodoc:module'] = 'test_ext_autodoc'
+    verify('function', 'raises', ('test_ext_autodoc', ['raises'], None, None))
+    del directive.env.temp_data['autodoc:module']
+    directive.env.ref_context['py:module'] = 'test_ext_autodoc'
+    verify('function', 'raises', ('test_ext_autodoc', ['raises'], None, None))
+    verify('class', 'Base', ('test_ext_autodoc', ['Base'], None, None))
+
+    # for members
+    directive.env.ref_context['py:module'] = 'sphinx.testing.util'
+    verify('method', 'SphinxTestApp.cleanup',
+           ('sphinx.testing.util', ['SphinxTestApp', 'cleanup'], None, None))
+    directive.env.ref_context['py:module'] = 'sphinx.testing.util'
+    directive.env.ref_context['py:class'] = 'Foo'
+    directive.env.temp_data['autodoc:class'] = 'SphinxTestApp'
+    verify('method', 'cleanup',
+           ('sphinx.testing.util', ['SphinxTestApp', 'cleanup'], None, None))
+    verify('method', 'SphinxTestApp.cleanup',
+           ('sphinx.testing.util', ['SphinxTestApp', 'cleanup'], None, None))
+
+
+def test_format_signature(app):
+    def process_signature(app, what, name, obj, options, args, retann):
+        processed_signatures.append((what, name))
+        if name == 'bar':
+            return '42', None
+        return None
+
+    def skip_member(app, what, name, obj, skip, options):
+        if name in ('__special1__', '__special2__'):
+            return skip
+        if name.startswith('__'):
+            return True
+        if name == 'skipmeth':
+            return True
+        return None
+
+    app.connect('autodoc-process-signature', process_signature)
+    app.connect('autodoc-skip-member', skip_member)
+
+    directive = make_directive_bridge(app.env)
+
+    def formatsig(objtype, name, obj, args, retann):
+        inst = app.registry.documenters[objtype](directive, name)
+        inst.fullname = name
+        inst.doc_as_attr = False  # for class objtype
+        inst.parent = object  # dummy
+        inst.object = obj
+        inst.objpath = [name]
+        inst.args = args
+        inst.retann = retann
+        res = inst.format_signature()
+        print(res)
+        return res
+
+    # no signatures for modules
+    assert formatsig('module', 'test', None, None, None) == ''
+
+    # test for functions
+    def f(a, b, c=1, **d):
+        pass
+
+    def g(a='\n'):
+        pass
+    assert formatsig('function', 'f', f, None, None) == '(a, b, c=1, **d)'
+    assert formatsig('function', 'f', f, 'a, b, c, d', None) == '(a, b, c, d)'
+    assert formatsig('function', 'g', g, None, None) == r"(a='\n')"
+
+    # test for classes
+    class D:
+        pass
+
+    class E:
+        def __init__(self):
+            pass
+
+    # an empty init and no init are the same
+    for C in (D, E):
+        assert formatsig('class', 'D', C, None, None) == '()'
+
+    class SomeMeta(type):
+        def __call__(cls, a, b=None):
+            return type.__call__(cls, a, b)
+
+    # these three are all equivalent
+    class F:
+        def __init__(self, a, b=None):
+            pass
+
+    class FNew:
+        def __new__(cls, a, b=None):
+            return super().__new__(cls)
+
+    class FMeta(metaclass=SomeMeta):
+        pass
+
+    # and subclasses should always inherit
+    class G(F):
+        pass
+
+    class GNew(FNew):
+        pass
+
+    class GMeta(FMeta):
+        pass
+
+    # subclasses inherit
+    for C in (F, FNew, FMeta, G, GNew, GMeta):
+        assert formatsig('class', 'C', C, None, None) == '(a, b=None)'
+    assert formatsig('class', 'C', D, 'a, b', 'X') == '(a, b) -> X'
+
+    class ListSubclass(list):
+        pass
+
+    # only supported if the python implementation decides to document it
+    if getattr(list, '__text_signature__', None) is not None:
+        assert formatsig('class', 'C', ListSubclass, None, None) == '(iterable=(), /)'
+    else:
+        assert formatsig('class', 'C', ListSubclass, None, None) == ''
+
+    class ExceptionSubclass(Exception):
+        pass
+
+    # Exception has no __text_signature__ at least in Python 3.11
+    if getattr(Exception, '__text_signature__', None) is None:
+        assert formatsig('class', 'C', ExceptionSubclass, None, None) == ''
+
+    # __init__ have signature at first line of docstring
+    directive.env.config.autoclass_content = 'both'
+
+    class F2:
+        """some docstring for F2."""
+
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
+            """
+            __init__(a1, a2, kw1=True, kw2=False)
+
+            some docstring for __init__.
+            """
+
+    class G2(F2):
+        pass
+
+    assert formatsig('class', 'F2', F2, None, None) == \
+        '(a1, a2, kw1=True, kw2=False)'
+    assert formatsig('class', 'G2', G2, None, None) == \
+        '(a1, a2, kw1=True, kw2=False)'
+
+    # test for methods
+    class H:
+        def foo1(self, b, *c):
+            pass
+
+        def foo2(b, *c):
+            pass
+
+        def foo3(self, d='\n'):
+            pass
+    assert formatsig('method', 'H.foo', H.foo1, None, None) == '(b, *c)'
+    assert formatsig('method', 'H.foo', H.foo1, 'a', None) == '(a)'
+    assert formatsig('method', 'H.foo', H.foo2, None, None) == '(*c)'
+    assert formatsig('method', 'H.foo', H.foo3, None, None) == r"(d='\n')"
+
+    # test bound methods interpreted as functions
+    assert formatsig('function', 'foo', H().foo1, None, None) == '(b, *c)'
+    assert formatsig('function', 'foo', H().foo2, None, None) == '(*c)'
+    assert formatsig('function', 'foo', H().foo3, None, None) == r"(d='\n')"
+
+    # test exception handling (exception is caught and args is '')
+    directive.env.config.autodoc_docstring_signature = False
+    assert formatsig('function', 'int', int, None, None) == ''
+
+    # test processing by event handler
+    assert formatsig('method', 'bar', H.foo1, None, None) == '42'
+
+    # test functions created via functools.partial
+    from functools import partial
+    curried1 = partial(lambda a, b, c: None, 'A')
+    assert formatsig('function', 'curried1', curried1, None, None) == \
+        '(b, c)'
+    curried2 = partial(lambda a, b, c=42: None, 'A')
+    assert formatsig('function', 'curried2', curried2, None, None) == \
+        '(b, c=42)'
+    curried3 = partial(lambda a, b, *c: None, 'A')
+    assert formatsig('function', 'curried3', curried3, None, None) == \
+        '(b, *c)'
+    curried4 = partial(lambda a, b, c=42, *d, **e: None, 'A')
+    assert formatsig('function', 'curried4', curried4, None, None) == \
+        '(b, c=42, *d, **e)'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_process_signature_typing_generic(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.generic_class.A', {})
+
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: A(a, b=None)',
+        '   :module: target.generic_class',
+        '',
+        '   docstring for A',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+def test_autodoc_process_signature_typehints(app):
+    captured = []
+
+    def process_signature(*args):
+        captured.append(args)
+
+    app.connect('autodoc-process-signature', process_signature)
+
+    def func(x: int, y: int) -> int:
+        pass
+
+    directive = make_directive_bridge(app.env)
+    inst = app.registry.documenters['function'](directive, 'func')
+    inst.fullname = 'func'
+    inst.object = func
+    inst.objpath = ['func']
+    inst.format_signature()
+    assert captured == [(app, 'function', 'func', func,
+                         directive.genopt, '(x: int, y: int)', 'int')]
+
+
+def test_get_doc(app):
+    directive = make_directive_bridge(app.env)
+
+    def getdocl(objtype, obj):
+        inst = app.registry.documenters[objtype](directive, 'tmp')
+        inst.parent = object  # dummy
+        inst.object = obj
+        inst.objpath = [obj.__name__]
+        inst.doc_as_attr = False
+        inst.format_signature()  # handle docstring signatures!
+        ds = inst.get_doc()
+        # for testing purposes, concat them and strip the empty line at the end
+        res = functools.reduce(operator.iadd, ds, [])[:-1]
+        print(res)
+        return res
+
+    # objects without docstring
+    def f():
+        pass
+    assert getdocl('function', f) == []
+
+    # standard function, diverse docstring styles...
+    def f():
+        """Docstring"""
+
+    def g():
+        """
+        Docstring
+        """
+    for func in (f, g):
+        assert getdocl('function', func) == ['Docstring']
+
+    # first line vs. other lines indentation
+    def f():
+        """First line
+
+        Other
+          lines
+        """
+    assert getdocl('function', f) == ['First line', '', 'Other', '  lines']
+
+    # charset guessing (this module is encoded in utf-8)
+    def f():
+        """Döcstring"""
+    assert getdocl('function', f) == ['Döcstring']
+
+    # verify that method docstrings get extracted in both normal case
+    # and in case of bound method posing as a function
+    class J:
+        def foo(self):
+            """Method docstring"""
+    assert getdocl('method', J.foo) == ['Method docstring']
+    assert getdocl('function', J().foo) == ['Method docstring']
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_new_documenter(app):
+    class MyDocumenter(ModuleLevelDocumenter):
+        objtype = 'integer'
+        directivetype = 'integer'
+        priority = 100
+
+        @classmethod
+        def can_document_member(cls, member, membername, isattr, parent):
+            return isinstance(member, int)
+
+        def document_members(self, all_members=False):
+            return
+
+    app.add_autodocumenter(MyDocumenter)
+
+    options = {"members": 'integer'}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:integer:: integer',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '',
+        '   documentation for the integer',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_attrgetter_using(app):
+    directive = make_directive_bridge(app.env)
+    directive.genopt['members'] = ALL
+
+    directive.genopt['inherited_members'] = False
+    with catch_warnings(record=True):
+        _assert_getter_works(app, directive, 'class', 'target.Class', ['meth'])
+
+    directive.genopt['inherited_members'] = True
+    with catch_warnings(record=True):
+        _assert_getter_works(app, directive, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Derived', ['inheritedmeth'])
+
+
+def _assert_getter_works(app, directive, objtype, name, attrs=(), **kw):
+    getattr_spy = []
+
+    def _special_getattr(obj, attr_name, *defargs):
+        if attr_name in attrs:
+            getattr_spy.append((obj, attr_name))
+            return None
+        return getattr(obj, attr_name, *defargs)
+
+    app.add_autodoc_attrgetter(type, _special_getattr)
+
+    getattr_spy.clear()
+    app.registry.documenters[objtype](directive, name).generate(**kw)
+
+    hooked_members = {s[1] for s in getattr_spy}
+    documented_members = {s[1] for s in processed_signatures}
+    for attr in attrs:
+        fullname = '.'.join((name, attr))
+        assert attr in hooked_members
+        assert fullname not in documented_members, f'{fullname!r} not intercepted'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_py_module(app, warning):
+    # without py:module
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'Class.meth')
+    assert list(actual) == []
+    assert ("don't know which module to import for autodocumenting 'Class.meth'"
+            in warning.getvalue())
+
+    # with py:module
+    app.env.ref_context['py:module'] = 'target'
+    warning.truncate(0)
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'Class.meth')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:method:: Class.meth()',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '',
+        '   Function.',
+        '',
+    ]
+    assert ("don't know which module to import for autodocumenting 'Class.meth'"
+            not in warning.getvalue())
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_decorator(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'decorator', 'target.decorator.deco1')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:decorator:: deco1',
+        '   :module: target.decorator',
+        '',
+        '   docstring for deco1',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'decorator', 'target.decorator.deco2')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:decorator:: deco2(condition, message)',
+        '   :module: target.decorator',
+        '',
+        '   docstring for deco2',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_exception(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'exception', 'target.CustomEx')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:exception:: CustomEx',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '',
+        '   My custom exception.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_warnings(app, warning):
+    app.env.temp_data['docname'] = 'dummy'
+
+    # can't import module
+    do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'unknown')
+    assert "failed to import module 'unknown'" in warning.getvalue()
+
+    # missing function
+    do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'unknown')
+    assert "import for autodocumenting 'unknown'" in warning.getvalue()
+
+    do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.unknown')
+    assert "failed to import function 'unknown' from module 'target'" in warning.getvalue()
+
+    # missing method
+    do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'target.Class.unknown')
+    assert "failed to import method 'Class.unknown' from module 'target'" in warning.getvalue()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_attributes(app):
+    options = {"synopsis": 'Synopsis',
+               "platform": "Platform",
+               "deprecated": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target',
+        '   :synopsis: Synopsis',
+        '   :platform: Platform',
+        '   :deprecated:',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_members(app):
+    # default (no-members)
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base')
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Base()',
+    ]
+
+    # default ALL-members
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Base()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Base.inheritedattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedmeth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
+    ]
+
+    # default specific-members
+    options = {"members": "inheritedmeth,inheritedstaticmeth"}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Base()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedmeth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
+    ]
+
+    # ALL-members override autodoc_default_options
+    options = {"members": None}
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options["members"] = "inheritedstaticmeth"
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Base()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Base.inheritedattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedmeth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
+    ]
+
+    # members override autodoc_default_options
+    options = {"members": "inheritedmeth"}
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options["members"] = "inheritedstaticmeth"
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Base()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedmeth()',
+    ]
+
+    # members extends autodoc_default_options
+    options = {"members": "+inheritedmeth"}
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options["members"] = "inheritedstaticmeth"
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Base()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedmeth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_exclude_members(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "exclude-members": "inheritedmeth,inheritedstaticmeth"}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Base()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Base.inheritedattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
+    ]
+
+    # members vs exclude-members
+    options = {"members": "inheritedmeth",
+               "exclude-members": "inheritedmeth"}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Base()',
+    ]
+
+    # + has no effect when autodoc_default_options are not present
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "exclude-members": "+inheritedmeth,inheritedstaticmeth"}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Base()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Base.inheritedattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
+    ]
+
+    # exclude-members overrides autodoc_default_options
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "exclude-members": "inheritedmeth"}
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options["exclude-members"] = "inheritedstaticmeth"
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Base()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Base.inheritedattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
+    ]
+
+    # exclude-members extends autodoc_default_options
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "exclude-members": "+inheritedmeth"}
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options["exclude-members"] = "inheritedstaticmeth"
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Base()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Base.inheritedattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
+    ]
+
+    # no exclude-members causes use autodoc_default_options
+    options = {"members": None}
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options["exclude-members"] = "inheritedstaticmeth,inheritedmeth"
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Base()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Base.inheritedattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
+    ]
+
+    # empty exclude-members cancels autodoc_default_options
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "exclude-members": None}
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options["exclude-members"] = "inheritedstaticmeth,inheritedmeth"
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Base()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Base.inheritedattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedmeth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_undoc_members(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.docattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.excludemeth()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_comment',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_inline',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_string',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.mdocattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.moore(a, e, f) -> happiness',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.roger(a, *, b=2, c=3, d=4, e=5, f=6)',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.skipattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.skipmeth()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.udocattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.undocmeth()',
+    ]
+
+    # use autodoc_default_options
+    options = {"members": None}
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options["undoc-members"] = None
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.docattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.excludemeth()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_comment',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_inline',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_string',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.mdocattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.moore(a, e, f) -> happiness',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.roger(a, *, b=2, c=3, d=4, e=5, f=6)',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.skipattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.skipmeth()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.udocattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.undocmeth()',
+    ]
+
+    # options negation work check
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "no-undoc-members": None}
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options["undoc-members"] = None
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.docattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.excludemeth()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_comment',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_inline',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_string',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.mdocattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.moore(a, e, f) -> happiness',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.skipmeth()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.udocattr',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_undoc_members_for_metadata_only(app):
+    # metadata only member is not displayed
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.metadata', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.metadata',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    # metadata only member is displayed when undoc-member given
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.metadata', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.metadata',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: foo()',
+        '   :module: target.metadata',
+        '',
+        '   :meta metadata-only-docstring:',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_inherited_members(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "inherited-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Derived', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: 'method::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '   .. py:method:: Derived.inheritedclassmeth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Derived.inheritedmeth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Derived.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_inherited_members_Base(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "inherited-members": "Base",
+               "special-members": None}
+
+    # check methods for object class are shown
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Derived', options)
+    assert '   .. py:method:: Derived.inheritedmeth()' in actual
+    assert '   .. py:method:: Derived.inheritedclassmeth' not in actual
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_inherited_members_None(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "inherited-members": "None",
+               "special-members": None}
+
+    # check methods for object class are shown
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Derived', options)
+    assert '   .. py:method:: Derived.__init__()' in actual
+    assert '   .. py:method:: Derived.__str__()' in actual
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_imported_members(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "imported-members": None,
+               "ignore-module-all": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target', options)
+    assert '.. py:function:: function_to_be_imported(app: ~sphinx.application.Sphinx | None) -> str' in actual
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_special_members(app):
+    # specific special methods
+    options = {"undoc-members": None,
+               "special-members": "__init__,__special1__"}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.__init__(arg)',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.__special1__()',
+    ]
+
+    # combination with specific members
+    options = {"members": "attr,docattr",
+               "undoc-members": None,
+               "special-members": "__init__,__special1__"}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.__init__(arg)',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.__special1__()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.docattr',
+    ]
+
+    # all special methods
+    options = {
+        "members": None,
+        "undoc-members": None,
+        "special-members": None,
+    }
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 13, 0, 'alpha', 5):
+        options["exclude-members"] = "__static_attributes__"
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.__annotations__',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.__dict__',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.__init__(arg)',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.__module__',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.__special1__()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.__special2__()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.__weakref__',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.docattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.excludemeth()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_comment',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_inline',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_string',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.mdocattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.moore(a, e, f) -> happiness',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.roger(a, *, b=2, c=3, d=4, e=5, f=6)',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.skipattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.skipmeth()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.udocattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.undocmeth()',
+    ]
+
+    # specific special methods from autodoc_default_options
+    options = {"undoc-members": None}
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options["special-members"] = "__special2__"
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.__special2__()',
+    ]
+
+    # specific special methods option with autodoc_default_options
+    options = {"undoc-members": None,
+               "special-members": "__init__,__special1__"}
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options["special-members"] = "__special2__"
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.__init__(arg)',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.__special1__()',
+    ]
+
+    # specific special methods merge with autodoc_default_options
+    options = {"undoc-members": None,
+               "special-members": "+__init__,__special1__"}
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options["special-members"] = "__special2__"
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.__init__(arg)',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.__special1__()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.__special2__()',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_ignore_module_all(app):
+    # default (no-ignore-module-all)
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: 'class::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
+    ]
+
+    # ignore-module-all
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "ignore-module-all": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: 'class::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
+        '.. py:class:: CustomDict',
+        '.. py:class:: InnerChild()',
+        '.. py:class:: InstAttCls()',
+        '.. py:class:: Outer()',
+        '   .. py:class:: Outer.Inner()',
+        '.. py:class:: StrRepr',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_noindex(app):
+    options = {"no-index": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target',
+        '   :no-index:',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    # TODO: :no-index: should be propagated to children of target item.
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Base()',
+        '   :no-index:',
+        '   :module: target.inheritance',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_subclass_of_builtin_class(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.CustomDict', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: CustomDict',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '',
+        '   Docstring.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_inner_class(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Outer', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Outer()',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '',
+        '   Foo',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:class:: Outer.Inner()',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '',
+        '      Foo',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '      .. py:method:: Outer.Inner.meth()',
+        '         :module: target',
+        '',
+        '         Foo',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Outer.factory',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '',
+        '      alias of :py:class:`dict`',
+    ]
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Outer.Inner', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Inner()',
+        '   :module: target.Outer',
+        '',
+        '   Foo',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Inner.meth()',
+        '      :module: target.Outer',
+        '',
+        '      Foo',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    options['show-inheritance'] = None
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.InnerChild', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: InnerChild()',
+        '   :module: target', '',
+        '   Bases: :py:class:`~target.Outer.Inner`',
+        '',
+        '   InnerChild docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_classmethod(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'target.inheritance.Base.inheritedclassmeth')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
+        '   :module: target.inheritance',
+        '   :classmethod:',
+        '',
+        '   Inherited class method.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_staticmethod(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'target.inheritance.Base.inheritedstaticmeth')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
+        '   :module: target.inheritance',
+        '   :staticmethod:',
+        '',
+        '   Inherited static method.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_descriptor(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.descriptor.Class', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Class()',
+        '   :module: target.descriptor',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.descr',
+        '      :module: target.descriptor',
+        '',
+        '      Descriptor instance docstring.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: Class.prop',
+        '      :module: target.descriptor',
+        '',
+        '      Property.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_cached_property(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.cached_property.Foo', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
+        '   :module: target.cached_property',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: Foo.prop',
+        '      :module: target.cached_property',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: Foo.prop_with_type_comment',
+        '      :module: target.cached_property',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_member_order(app):
+    # case member-order='bysource'
+    options = {"members": None,
+               'member-order': 'bysource',
+               "undoc-members": None,
+               'private-members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.undocmeth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.skipmeth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.excludemeth()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.skipattr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.docattr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.udocattr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.mdocattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.roger(a, *, b=2, c=3, d=4, e=5, f=6)',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.moore(a, e, f) -> happiness',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_inline',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_comment',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_string',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class._private_inst_attr',
+    ]
+
+    # case member-order='groupwise'
+    options = {"members": None,
+               'member-order': 'groupwise',
+               "undoc-members": None,
+               'private-members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.excludemeth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.moore(a, e, f) -> happiness',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.roger(a, *, b=2, c=3, d=4, e=5, f=6)',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.skipmeth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.undocmeth()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class._private_inst_attr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.docattr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_comment',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_inline',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_string',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.mdocattr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.skipattr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.udocattr',
+    ]
+
+    # case member-order=None
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None,
+               'private-members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class._private_inst_attr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.docattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.excludemeth()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_comment',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_inline',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_string',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.mdocattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.moore(a, e, f) -> happiness',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.roger(a, *, b=2, c=3, d=4, e=5, f=6)',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.skipattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.skipmeth()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.udocattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.undocmeth()',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_module_member_order(app):
+    # case member-order='bysource'
+    options = {"members": 'foo, Bar, baz, qux, Quux, foobar',
+               'member-order': 'bysource',
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.sort_by_all', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:module:: target.sort_by_all',
+        '.. py:function:: baz()',
+        '.. py:function:: foo()',
+        '.. py:class:: Bar()',
+        '.. py:class:: Quux()',
+        '.. py:function:: foobar()',
+        '.. py:function:: qux()',
+    ]
+
+    # case member-order='bysource' and ignore-module-all
+    options = {"members": 'foo, Bar, baz, qux, Quux, foobar',
+               'member-order': 'bysource',
+               "undoc-members": None,
+               "ignore-module-all": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.sort_by_all', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:module:: target.sort_by_all',
+        '.. py:function:: foo()',
+        '.. py:class:: Bar()',
+        '.. py:function:: baz()',
+        '.. py:function:: qux()',
+        '.. py:class:: Quux()',
+        '.. py:function:: foobar()',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_module_scope(app):
+    app.env.temp_data['autodoc:module'] = 'target'
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'Class.mdocattr')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Class.mdocattr',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '   :value: <_io.StringIO object>',
+        '',
+        '   should be documented as well - süß',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_class_scope(app):
+    app.env.temp_data['autodoc:module'] = 'target'
+    app.env.temp_data['autodoc:class'] = 'Class'
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'mdocattr')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Class.mdocattr',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '   :value: <_io.StringIO object>',
+        '',
+        '   should be documented as well - süß',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_class_attributes(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.AttCls', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: AttCls()',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: AttCls.a1',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '      :value: hello world',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: AttCls.a2',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '      :value: None',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoclass_instance_attributes(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.InstAttCls', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: InstAttCls()',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '',
+        '   Class with documented class and instance attributes.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: InstAttCls.ca1',
+        '      :module: target',
+        "      :value: 'a'",
+        '',
+        '      Doc comment for class attribute InstAttCls.ca1.',
+        '      It can have multiple lines.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: InstAttCls.ca2',
+        '      :module: target',
+        "      :value: 'b'",
+        '',
+        '      Doc comment for InstAttCls.ca2. One line only.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: InstAttCls.ca3',
+        '      :module: target',
+        "      :value: 'c'",
+        '',
+        '      Docstring for class attribute InstAttCls.ca3.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: InstAttCls.ia1',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '',
+        '      Doc comment for instance attribute InstAttCls.ia1',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: InstAttCls.ia2',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '',
+        '      Docstring for instance attribute InstAttCls.ia2.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    # pick up arbitrary attributes
+    options = {"members": 'ca1,ia1'}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.InstAttCls', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: InstAttCls()',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '',
+        '   Class with documented class and instance attributes.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: InstAttCls.ca1',
+        '      :module: target',
+        "      :value: 'a'",
+        '',
+        '      Doc comment for class attribute InstAttCls.ca1.',
+        '      It can have multiple lines.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: InstAttCls.ia1',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '',
+        '      Doc comment for instance attribute InstAttCls.ia1',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoattribute_instance_attributes(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.InstAttCls.ia1')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: InstAttCls.ia1',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '',
+        '   Doc comment for instance attribute InstAttCls.ia1',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_slots(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.slots', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.slots',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Bar()',
+        '   :module: target.slots',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar.attr1',
+        '      :module: target.slots',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      docstring of attr1',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar.attr2',
+        '      :module: target.slots',
+        '',
+        '      docstring of instance attr2',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar.attr3',
+        '      :module: target.slots',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Baz()',
+        '   :module: target.slots',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Baz.attr',
+        '      :module: target.slots',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
+        '   :module: target.slots',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.attr',
+        '      :module: target.slots',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+class _EnumFormatter:
+    def __init__(self, name: str, *, module: str = 'target.enums') -> None:
+        self.name = name
+        self.module = module
+
+    @property
+    def target(self) -> str:
+        """The autodoc target class."""
+        return f'{self.module}.{self.name}'
+
+    def subtarget(self, name: str) -> str:
+        """The autodoc sub-target (an attribute, method, etc)."""
+        return f'{self.target}.{name}'
+
+    def _node(
+        self, role: str, name: str, doc: str, *, args: str, indent: int, **options: Any,
+    ) -> list[str]:
+        prefix = indent * ' '
+        tab = ' ' * 3
+
+        def rst_option(name: str, value: Any) -> str:
+            value = '' if value in {1, True} else value
+            return f'{prefix}{tab}:{name}: {value!s}'.rstrip()
+
+        lines = [
+            '',
+            f'{prefix}.. py:{role}:: {name}{args}',
+            f'{prefix}{tab}:module: {self.module}',
+            *itertools.starmap(rst_option, options.items()),
+        ]
+        if doc:
+            lines.extend(['', f'{prefix}{tab}{doc}'])
+        lines.append('')
+        return lines
+
+    def entry(
+        self,
+        entry_name: str,
+        doc: str = '',
+        *,
+        role: str,
+        args: str = '',
+        indent: int = 3,
+        **rst_options: Any,
+    ) -> list[str]:
+        """Get the RST lines for a named attribute, method, etc."""
+        qualname = f'{self.name}.{entry_name}'
+        return self._node(role, qualname, doc, args=args, indent=indent, **rst_options)
+
+    def brief(self, doc: str, *, indent: int = 0, **options: Any) -> list[str]:
+        """Generate the brief part of the class being documented."""
+        assert doc, f'enumeration class {self.target!r} should have an explicit docstring'
+
+        if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 13) or sys.version_info[:3] >= (3, 12, 3):
+            args = ('(value, names=<not given>, *values, module=None, '
+                    'qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)')
+        elif sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 12):
+            args = ('(value, names=None, *values, module=None, '
+                    'qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)')
+        elif sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 11):
+            args = ('(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, '
+                    'type=None, start=1, boundary=None)')
+        else:
+            args = '(value)'
+
+        return self._node('class', self.name, doc, args=args, indent=indent, **options)
+
+    def method(
+        self, name: str, doc: str, *flags: str, args: str = '()', indent: int = 3,
+    ) -> list[str]:
+        rst_options = dict.fromkeys(flags, '')
+        return self.entry(name, doc, role='method', args=args, indent=indent, **rst_options)
+
+    def member(self, name: str, value: Any, doc: str, *, indent: int = 3) -> list[str]:
+        rst_options = {'value': repr(value)}
+        return self.entry(name, doc, role='attribute', indent=indent, **rst_options)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def autodoc_enum_options() -> dict[str, object]:
+    """Default autodoc options to use when testing enum's documentation."""
+    return {"members": None, "undoc-members": None}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_enum_class(app, autodoc_enum_options):
+    fmt = _EnumFormatter('EnumCls')
+    options = autodoc_enum_options | {'private-members': None}
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        *fmt.brief('this is enum class'),
+        *fmt.method('say_goodbye', 'a classmethod says good-bye to you.', 'classmethod'),
+        *fmt.method('say_hello', 'a method says hello to you.'),
+        *fmt.member('val1', 12, 'doc for val1'),
+        *fmt.member('val2', 23, 'doc for val2'),
+        *fmt.member('val3', 34, 'doc for val3'),
+        *fmt.member('val4', 34, ''),  # val4 is alias of val3
+    ]
+
+    # Inherited members exclude the native Enum API (in particular
+    # the 'name' and 'value' properties), unless they were explicitly
+    # redefined by the user in one of the bases.
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, options | {'inherited-members': None})
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        *fmt.brief('this is enum class'),
+        *fmt.method('say_goodbye', 'a classmethod says good-bye to you.', 'classmethod'),
+        *fmt.method('say_hello', 'a method says hello to you.'),
+        *fmt.member('val1', 12, 'doc for val1'),
+        *fmt.member('val2', 23, 'doc for val2'),
+        *fmt.member('val3', 34, 'doc for val3'),
+        *fmt.member('val4', 34, ''),  # val4 is alias of val3
+    ]
+
+    # checks for an attribute of EnumCls
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', fmt.subtarget('val1'))
+    assert list(actual) == fmt.member('val1', 12, 'doc for val1', indent=0)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_enum_class_with_data_type(app, autodoc_enum_options):
+    fmt = _EnumFormatter('EnumClassWithDataType')
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, autodoc_enum_options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        *fmt.brief('this is enum class'),
+        *fmt.method('say_goodbye', 'docstring', 'classmethod'),
+        *fmt.method('say_hello', 'docstring'),
+        *fmt.member('x', 'x', ''),
+    ]
+
+    options = autodoc_enum_options | {'inherited-members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        *fmt.brief('this is enum class'),
+        *fmt.entry('dtype', 'docstring', role='property'),
+        *fmt.method('isupper', 'inherited'),
+        *fmt.method('say_goodbye', 'docstring', 'classmethod'),
+        *fmt.method('say_hello', 'docstring'),
+        *fmt.member('x', 'x', ''),
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_enum_class_with_mixin_type(app, autodoc_enum_options):
+    fmt = _EnumFormatter('EnumClassWithMixinType')
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, autodoc_enum_options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        *fmt.brief('this is enum class'),
+        *fmt.method('say_goodbye', 'docstring', 'classmethod'),
+        *fmt.method('say_hello', 'docstring'),
+        *fmt.member('x', 'X', ''),
+    ]
+
+    options = autodoc_enum_options | {'inherited-members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        *fmt.brief('this is enum class'),
+        *fmt.method('say_goodbye', 'docstring', 'classmethod'),
+        *fmt.method('say_hello', 'docstring'),
+        *fmt.entry('value', 'uppercased', role='property'),
+        *fmt.member('x', 'X', ''),
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_enum_class_with_mixin_type_and_inheritence(app, autodoc_enum_options):
+    fmt = _EnumFormatter('EnumClassWithMixinTypeInherit')
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, autodoc_enum_options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        *fmt.brief('this is enum class'),
+        *fmt.member('x', 'X', ''),
+    ]
+
+    options = autodoc_enum_options | {'inherited-members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        *fmt.brief('this is enum class'),
+        *fmt.method('say_goodbye', 'inherited', 'classmethod'),
+        *fmt.method('say_hello', 'inherited'),
+        *fmt.entry('value', 'uppercased', role='property'),
+        *fmt.member('x', 'X', ''),
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_enum_class_with_mixin_enum_type(app, autodoc_enum_options):
+    fmt = _EnumFormatter('EnumClassWithMixinEnumType')
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, autodoc_enum_options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        *fmt.brief('this is enum class'),
+        # override() is overridden at the class level so it should be rendered
+        *fmt.method('override', 'overridden'),
+        # say_goodbye() and say_hello() are not rendered since they are inherited
+        *fmt.member('x', 'x', ''),
+    ]
+
+    options = autodoc_enum_options | {'inherited-members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        *fmt.brief('this is enum class'),
+        *fmt.method('override', 'overridden'),
+        *fmt.method('say_goodbye', 'inherited', 'classmethod'),
+        *fmt.method('say_hello', 'inherited'),
+        *fmt.member('x', 'x', ''),
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_enum_class_with_mixin_and_data_type(app, autodoc_enum_options):
+    fmt = _EnumFormatter('EnumClassWithMixinAndDataType')
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, autodoc_enum_options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        *fmt.brief('this is enum class'),
+        *fmt.method('isupper', 'overridden'),
+        *fmt.method('say_goodbye', 'overridden', 'classmethod'),
+        *fmt.method('say_hello', 'overridden'),
+        *fmt.member('x', 'X', ''),
+    ]
+
+    # add the special member __str__ (but not the inherited members)
+    options = autodoc_enum_options | {'special-members': '__str__'}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        *fmt.brief('this is enum class'),
+        *fmt.method('__str__', 'overridden'),
+        *fmt.method('isupper', 'overridden'),
+        *fmt.method('say_goodbye', 'overridden', 'classmethod'),
+        *fmt.method('say_hello', 'overridden'),
+        *fmt.member('x', 'X', ''),
+    ]
+
+    options = autodoc_enum_options | {'inherited-members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        *fmt.brief('this is enum class'),
+        *fmt.entry('dtype', 'docstring', role='property'),
+        *fmt.method('isupper', 'overridden'),
+        *fmt.method('say_goodbye', 'overridden', 'classmethod'),
+        *fmt.method('say_hello', 'overridden'),
+        *fmt.entry('value', 'uppercased', role='property'),
+        *fmt.member('x', 'X', ''),
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_enum_with_parent_enum(app, autodoc_enum_options):
+    fmt = _EnumFormatter('EnumClassWithParentEnum')
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, autodoc_enum_options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        *fmt.brief('this is enum class'),
+        *fmt.method('isupper', 'overridden'),
+        *fmt.member('x', 'X', ''),
+    ]
+
+    # add the special member __str__ (but not the inherited members)
+    options = autodoc_enum_options | {'special-members': '__str__'}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        *fmt.brief('this is enum class'),
+        *fmt.method('__str__', 'overridden'),
+        *fmt.method('isupper', 'overridden'),
+        *fmt.member('x', 'X', ''),
+    ]
+
+    options = autodoc_enum_options | {'inherited-members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        *fmt.brief('this is enum class'),
+        *fmt.entry('dtype', 'docstring', role='property'),
+        *fmt.method('isupper', 'overridden'),
+        *fmt.method('override', 'inherited'),
+        *fmt.method('say_goodbye', 'inherited', 'classmethod'),
+        *fmt.method('say_hello', 'inherited'),
+        *fmt.entry('value', 'uppercased', role='property'),
+        *fmt.member('x', 'X', ''),
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_enum_sunder_method(app, autodoc_enum_options):
+    PRIVATE = {'private-members': None}  # sunder methods are recognized as private
+
+    fmt = _EnumFormatter('EnumSunderMissingInNonEnumMixin')
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, autodoc_enum_options)
+    assert list(actual) == [*fmt.brief('this is enum class')]
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, autodoc_enum_options | PRIVATE)
+    assert list(actual) == [*fmt.brief('this is enum class')]
+
+    fmt = _EnumFormatter('EnumSunderMissingInEnumMixin')
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, autodoc_enum_options)
+    assert list(actual) == [*fmt.brief('this is enum class')]
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, autodoc_enum_options | PRIVATE)
+    assert list(actual) == [*fmt.brief('this is enum class')]
+
+    fmt = _EnumFormatter('EnumSunderMissingInDataType')
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, autodoc_enum_options)
+    assert list(actual) == [*fmt.brief('this is enum class')]
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, autodoc_enum_options | PRIVATE)
+    assert list(actual) == [*fmt.brief('this is enum class')]
+
+    fmt = _EnumFormatter('EnumSunderMissingInClass')
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, autodoc_enum_options)
+    assert list(actual) == [*fmt.brief('this is enum class')]
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, autodoc_enum_options | PRIVATE)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        *fmt.brief('this is enum class'),
+        *fmt.method('_missing_', 'docstring', 'classmethod', args='(value)'),
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_enum_inherited_sunder_method(app, autodoc_enum_options):
+    options = autodoc_enum_options | {'private-members': None, 'inherited-members': None}
+
+    fmt = _EnumFormatter('EnumSunderMissingInNonEnumMixin')
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        *fmt.brief('this is enum class'),
+        *fmt.method('_missing_', 'inherited', 'classmethod', args='(value)'),
+    ]
+
+    fmt = _EnumFormatter('EnumSunderMissingInEnumMixin')
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        *fmt.brief('this is enum class'),
+        *fmt.method('_missing_', 'inherited', 'classmethod', args='(value)'),
+    ]
+
+    fmt = _EnumFormatter('EnumSunderMissingInDataType')
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        *fmt.brief('this is enum class'),
+        *fmt.method('_missing_', 'inherited', 'classmethod', args='(value)'),
+        *fmt.entry('dtype', 'docstring', role='property'),
+        *fmt.method('isupper', 'inherited'),
+    ]
+
+    fmt = _EnumFormatter('EnumSunderMissingInClass')
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        *fmt.brief('this is enum class'),
+        *fmt.method('_missing_', 'docstring', 'classmethod', args='(value)'),
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_enum_custom_name_property(app, autodoc_enum_options):
+    fmt = _EnumFormatter('EnumNamePropertyInNonEnumMixin')
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, autodoc_enum_options)
+    assert list(actual) == [*fmt.brief('this is enum class')]
+
+    fmt = _EnumFormatter('EnumNamePropertyInEnumMixin')
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, autodoc_enum_options)
+    assert list(actual) == [*fmt.brief('this is enum class')]
+
+    fmt = _EnumFormatter('EnumNamePropertyInDataType')
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, autodoc_enum_options)
+    assert list(actual) == [*fmt.brief('this is enum class')]
+
+    fmt = _EnumFormatter('EnumNamePropertyInClass')
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, autodoc_enum_options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        *fmt.brief('this is enum class'),
+        *fmt.entry('name', 'docstring', role='property'),
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_enum_inherited_custom_name_property(app, autodoc_enum_options):
+    options = autodoc_enum_options | {"inherited-members": None}
+
+    fmt = _EnumFormatter('EnumNamePropertyInNonEnumMixin')
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        *fmt.brief('this is enum class'),
+        *fmt.entry('name', 'inherited', role='property'),
+    ]
+
+    fmt = _EnumFormatter('EnumNamePropertyInEnumMixin')
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        *fmt.brief('this is enum class'),
+        *fmt.entry('name', 'inherited', role='property'),
+    ]
+
+    fmt = _EnumFormatter('EnumNamePropertyInDataType')
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        *fmt.brief('this is enum class'),
+        *fmt.entry('dtype', 'docstring', role='property'),
+        *fmt.method('isupper', 'inherited'),
+        *fmt.entry('name', 'inherited', role='property'),
+    ]
+
+    fmt = _EnumFormatter('EnumNamePropertyInClass')
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', fmt.target, options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        *fmt.brief('this is enum class'),
+        *fmt.entry('name', 'docstring', role='property'),
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_descriptor_class(app):
+    options = {"members": 'CustomDataDescriptor,CustomDataDescriptor2'}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.descriptor', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.descriptor',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: CustomDataDescriptor(doc)',
+        '   :module: target.descriptor',
+        '',
+        '   Descriptor class docstring.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: CustomDataDescriptor.meth()',
+        '      :module: target.descriptor',
+        '',
+        '      Function.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: CustomDataDescriptor2(doc)',
+        '   :module: target.descriptor',
+        '',
+        '   Descriptor class with custom metaclass docstring.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_automethod_for_builtin(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'builtins.int.__add__')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:method:: int.__add__(value, /)',
+        '   :module: builtins',
+        '',
+        '   Return self+value.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_automethod_for_decorated(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'target.decorator.Bar.meth')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:method:: Bar.meth(name=None, age=None)',
+        '   :module: target.decorator',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_abstractmethods(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.abstractmethods', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.abstractmethods',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Base()',
+        '   :module: target.abstractmethods',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.abstractmeth()',
+        '      :module: target.abstractmethods',
+        '      :abstractmethod:',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.classmeth()',
+        '      :module: target.abstractmethods',
+        '      :abstractmethod:',
+        '      :classmethod:',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.coroutinemeth()',
+        '      :module: target.abstractmethods',
+        '      :abstractmethod:',
+        '      :async:',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.meth()',
+        '      :module: target.abstractmethods',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: Base.prop',
+        '      :module: target.abstractmethods',
+        '      :abstractmethod:',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.staticmeth()',
+        '      :module: target.abstractmethods',
+        '      :abstractmethod:',
+        '      :staticmethod:',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_partialfunction(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.partialfunction', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.partialfunction',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: func1(a, b, c)',
+        '   :module: target.partialfunction',
+        '',
+        '   docstring of func1',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: func2(b, c)',
+        '   :module: target.partialfunction',
+        '',
+        '   docstring of func1',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: func3(c)',
+        '   :module: target.partialfunction',
+        '',
+        '   docstring of func3',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: func4()',
+        '   :module: target.partialfunction',
+        '',
+        '   docstring of func3',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_imported_partialfunction_should_not_shown_without_imported_members(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.imported_members', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.imported_members',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_bound_method(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.bound_method', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.bound_method',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: bound_method()',
+        '   :module: target.bound_method',
+        '',
+        '   Method docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_partialmethod(app):
+    expected = [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Cell()',
+        '   :module: target.partialmethod',
+        '',
+        '   An example for partialmethod.',
+        '',
+        '   refs: https://docs.python.jp/3/library/functools.html#functools.partialmethod',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Cell.set_alive()',
+        '      :module: target.partialmethod',
+        '',
+        '      Make a cell alive.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Cell.set_state(state)',
+        '      :module: target.partialmethod',
+        '',
+        '      Update state of cell to *state*.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.partialmethod.Cell', options)
+    assert list(actual) == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_partialmethod_undoc_members(app):
+    expected = [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Cell()',
+        '   :module: target.partialmethod',
+        '',
+        '   An example for partialmethod.',
+        '',
+        '   refs: https://docs.python.jp/3/library/functools.html#functools.partialmethod',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Cell.set_alive()',
+        '      :module: target.partialmethod',
+        '',
+        '      Make a cell alive.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Cell.set_dead()',
+        '      :module: target.partialmethod',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Cell.set_state(state)',
+        '      :module: target.partialmethod',
+        '',
+        '      Update state of cell to *state*.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.partialmethod.Cell', options)
+    assert list(actual) == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_typed_instance_variables(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.typed_vars', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.typed_vars',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Alias',
+        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '',
+        '   alias of :py:class:`~target.typed_vars.Derived`',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Class()',
+        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr1',
+        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '      :value: 0',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr2',
+        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr3',
+        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '      :value: 0',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr4',
+        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      attr4',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr5',
+        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      attr5',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr6',
+        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      attr6',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.descr4',
+        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      This is descr4',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Derived()',
+        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr7',
+        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: attr1',
+        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '   :type: str',
+        "   :value: ''",
+        '',
+        '   attr1',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: attr2',
+        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '   :type: str',
+        '',
+        '   attr2',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: attr3',
+        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '   :type: str',
+        "   :value: ''",
+        '',
+        '   attr3',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_typed_inherited_instance_variables(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None,
+               "inherited-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.typed_vars.Derived', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Derived()',
+        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr1',
+        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '      :value: 0',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr2',
+        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr3',
+        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '      :value: 0',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr4',
+        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      attr4',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr5',
+        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      attr5',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr6',
+        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      attr6',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr7',
+        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.descr4',
+        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_GenericAlias(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.genericalias', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.genericalias',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Class()',
+        '   :module: target.genericalias',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.T',
+        '      :module: target.genericalias',
+        '',
+        '      A list of int',
+        '',
+        '      alias of :py:class:`~typing.List`\\ [:py:class:`int`]',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: L',
+        '   :module: target.genericalias',
+        '',
+        '   A list of Class',
+        '',
+        '   alias of :py:class:`~typing.List`\\ '
+        '[:py:class:`~target.genericalias.Class`]',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: T',
+        '   :module: target.genericalias',
+        '',
+        '   A list of int',
+        '',
+        '   alias of :py:class:`~typing.List`\\ [:py:class:`int`]',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_TypeVar(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.typevar', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.typevar',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Class()',
+        '   :module: target.typevar',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:class:: Class.T1',
+        '      :module: target.typevar',
+        '',
+        '      T1',
+        '',
+        "      alias of TypeVar('T1')",
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:class:: Class.T6',
+        '      :module: target.typevar',
+        '',
+        '      T6',
+        '',
+        '      alias of :py:class:`~datetime.date`',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: T1',
+        '   :module: target.typevar',
+        '',
+        '   T1',
+        '',
+        "   alias of TypeVar('T1')",
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: T3',
+        '   :module: target.typevar',
+        '',
+        '   T3',
+        '',
+        "   alias of TypeVar('T3', int, str)",
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: T4',
+        '   :module: target.typevar',
+        '',
+        '   T4',
+        '',
+        "   alias of TypeVar('T4', covariant=True)",
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: T5',
+        '   :module: target.typevar',
+        '',
+        '   T5',
+        '',
+        "   alias of TypeVar('T5', contravariant=True)",
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: T6',
+        '   :module: target.typevar',
+        '',
+        '   T6',
+        '',
+        '   alias of :py:class:`~datetime.date`',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: T7',
+        '   :module: target.typevar',
+        '',
+        '   T7',
+        '',
+        "   alias of TypeVar('T7', bound=\\ :py:class:`int`)",
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_Annotated(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.annotated', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.annotated',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: hello(name: str) -> None',
+        '   :module: target.annotated',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_TYPE_CHECKING(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.TYPE_CHECKING', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.TYPE_CHECKING',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
+        '   :module: target.TYPE_CHECKING',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.attr1',
+        '      :module: target.TYPE_CHECKING',
+        '      :type: ~_io.StringIO',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: spam(ham: ~collections.abc.Iterable[str]) -> tuple[~gettext.NullTranslations, bool]',
+        '   :module: target.TYPE_CHECKING',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_TYPE_CHECKING_circular_import(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'circular_import', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: circular_import',
+        '',
+    ]
+    assert sys.modules["circular_import"].a is sys.modules["circular_import.a"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_singledispatch(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.singledispatch', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.singledispatch',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: func(arg, kwarg=None)',
+        '                 func(arg: float, kwarg=None)',
+        '                 func(arg: int, kwarg=None)',
+        '                 func(arg: str, kwarg=None)',
+        '                 func(arg: dict, kwarg=None)',
+        '   :module: target.singledispatch',
+        '',
+        '   A function for general use.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_singledispatchmethod(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.singledispatchmethod', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.singledispatchmethod',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
+        '   :module: target.singledispatchmethod',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Foo.meth(arg, kwarg=None)',
+        '                  Foo.meth(arg: float, kwarg=None)',
+        '                  Foo.meth(arg: int, kwarg=None)',
+        '                  Foo.meth(arg: str, kwarg=None)',
+        '                  Foo.meth(arg: dict, kwarg=None)',
+        '      :module: target.singledispatchmethod',
+        '',
+        '      A method for general use.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_singledispatchmethod_automethod(app):
+    options = {}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'target.singledispatchmethod.Foo.meth', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:method:: Foo.meth(arg, kwarg=None)',
+        '               Foo.meth(arg: float, kwarg=None)',
+        '               Foo.meth(arg: int, kwarg=None)',
+        '               Foo.meth(arg: str, kwarg=None)',
+        '               Foo.meth(arg: dict, kwarg=None)',
+        '   :module: target.singledispatchmethod',
+        '',
+        '   A method for general use.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_singledispatchmethod_classmethod(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.singledispatchmethod_classmethod', options)
+
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.singledispatchmethod_classmethod',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
+        '   :module: target.singledispatchmethod_classmethod',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Foo.class_meth(arg, kwarg=None)',
+        '                  Foo.class_meth(arg: float, kwarg=None)',
+        '                  Foo.class_meth(arg: int, kwarg=None)',
+        '                  Foo.class_meth(arg: str, kwarg=None)',
+        '                  Foo.class_meth(arg: dict, kwarg=None)',
+        '      :module: target.singledispatchmethod_classmethod',
+        '      :classmethod:',
+        '',
+        '      A class method for general use.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_singledispatchmethod_classmethod_automethod(app):
+    options = {}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'target.singledispatchmethod_classmethod.Foo.class_meth', options)
+
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:method:: Foo.class_meth(arg, kwarg=None)',
+        '               Foo.class_meth(arg: float, kwarg=None)',
+        '               Foo.class_meth(arg: int, kwarg=None)',
+        '               Foo.class_meth(arg: str, kwarg=None)',
+        '               Foo.class_meth(arg: dict, kwarg=None)',
+        '   :module: target.singledispatchmethod_classmethod',
+        '   :classmethod:',
+        '',
+        '   A class method for general use.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 13),
+                    reason='Cython does not support Python 3.13 yet.')
+@pytest.mark.skipif(pyximport is None, reason='cython is not installed')
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_cython(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.cython', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.cython',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Class()',
+        '   :module: target.cython',
+        '',
+        '   Docstring.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth(name: str, age: int = 0) -> None',
+        '      :module: target.cython',
+        '',
+        '      Docstring.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: foo(x: int, *args, y: str, **kwargs)',
+        '   :module: target.cython',
+        '',
+        '   Docstring.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_final(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.final', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.final',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Class()',
+        '   :module: target.final',
+        '   :final:',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth1()',
+        '      :module: target.final',
+        '      :final:',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth2()',
+        '      :module: target.final',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_overload(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.overload', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.overload',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Bar(x: int, y: int)',
+        '              Bar(x: str, y: str)',
+        '   :module: target.overload',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Baz(x: int, y: int)',
+        '              Baz(x: str, y: str)',
+        '   :module: target.overload',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Foo(x: int, y: int)',
+        '              Foo(x: str, y: str)',
+        '   :module: target.overload',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Math()',
+        '   :module: target.overload',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Math.sum(x: int, y: int = 0) -> int',
+        '                  Math.sum(x: float, y: float = 0.0) -> float',
+        '                  Math.sum(x: str, y: str = None) -> str',
+        '      :module: target.overload',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: sum(x: int, y: int = 0) -> int',
+        '                 sum(x: float, y: float = 0.0) -> float',
+        '                 sum(x: str, y: str = None) -> str',
+        '   :module: target.overload',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_overload2(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.overload2', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.overload2',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Baz(x: int, y: int)',
+        '              Baz(x: str, y: str)',
+        '   :module: target.overload2',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_pymodule_for_ModuleLevelDocumenter(app):
+    app.env.ref_context['py:module'] = 'target.classes'
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'Foo')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_pymodule_for_ClassLevelDocumenter(app):
+    app.env.ref_context['py:module'] = 'target.methods'
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'Base.meth')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:method:: Base.meth()',
+        '   :module: target.methods',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_pyclass_for_ClassLevelDocumenter(app):
+    app.env.ref_context['py:module'] = 'target.methods'
+    app.env.ref_context['py:class'] = 'Base'
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'meth')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:method:: Base.meth()',
+        '   :module: target.methods',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = app.env.get_doctree('index')
+    assert isinstance(content[3], addnodes.desc)
+    assert content[3][0].astext() == 'autodoc_dummy_module.test()'
+    assert content[3][1].astext() == 'Dummy function using dummy.*'
+
+    # issue sphinx-doc/sphinx#2437
+    assert content[11][-1].astext() == """Dummy class Bar with alias.
+
+
+
+my_name
+
+alias of Foo"""
+    assert warning.getvalue() == ''
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_name_conflict(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.name_conflict.foo')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: foo()',
+        '   :module: target.name_conflict',
+        '',
+        '   docstring of target.name_conflict::foo.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.name_conflict.foo.bar')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: bar()',
+        '   :module: target.name_conflict.foo',
+        '',
+        '   docstring of target.name_conflict.foo::bar.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_name_mangling(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None,
+               "private-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.name_mangling', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.name_mangling',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Bar()',
+        '   :module: target.name_mangling',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar._Baz__email',
+        '      :module: target.name_mangling',
+        '      :value: None',
+        '',
+        '      a member having mangled-like name',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar.__address',
+        '      :module: target.name_mangling',
+        '      :value: None',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
+        '   :module: target.name_mangling',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.__age',
+        '      :module: target.name_mangling',
+        '      :value: None',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.__name',
+        '      :module: target.name_mangling',
+        '      :value: None',
+        '',
+        '      name of Foo',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_type_union_operator(app):
+    options = {'members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.pep604', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.pep604',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
+        '   :module: target.pep604',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.attr',
+        '      :module: target.pep604',
+        '      :type: int | str',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Foo.meth(x: int | str, y: int | str) -> int | str',
+        '      :module: target.pep604',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: attr',
+        '   :module: target.pep604',
+        '   :type: int | str',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: sum(x: int | str, y: int | str) -> int | str',
+        '   :module: target.pep604',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_hide_value(app):
+    options = {'members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.hide_value', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.hide_value',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
+        '   :module: target.hide_value',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.SENTINEL1',
+        '      :module: target.hide_value',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '      :meta hide-value:',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.SENTINEL2',
+        '      :module: target.hide_value',
+        '',
+        '      :meta hide-value:',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: SENTINEL1',
+        '   :module: target.hide_value',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '   :meta hide-value:',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: SENTINEL2',
+        '   :module: target.hide_value',
+        '',
+        '   :meta hide-value:',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_canonical(app):
+    options = {'members': None,
+               'imported-members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.canonical', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.canonical',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Bar()',
+        '   :module: target.canonical',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
+        '   :module: target.canonical',
+        '   :canonical: target.canonical.original.Foo',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Foo.meth()',
+        '      :module: target.canonical',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_literal_render(app):
+    def bounded_typevar_rst(name, bound):
+        return [
+            '',
+            f'.. py:class:: {name}',
+            '   :module: target.literal',
+            '',
+            '   docstring',
+            '',
+            f'   alias of TypeVar({name!r}, bound={bound})',
+            '',
+        ]
+
+    def function_rst(name, sig):
+        return [
+            '',
+            f'.. py:function:: {name}({sig})',
+            '   :module: target.literal',
+            '',
+            '   docstring',
+            '',
+        ]
+
+    # autodoc_typehints_format can take 'short' or 'fully-qualified' values
+    # and this will be interpreted as 'smart' or 'fully-qualified-except-typing' by restify()
+    # and 'smart' or 'fully-qualified' by stringify_annotation().
+
+    options = {'members': None, 'exclude-members': 'MyEnum'}
+    app.config.autodoc_typehints_format = 'short'
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.literal', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.literal',
+        '',
+        *bounded_typevar_rst('T', r'\ :py:obj:`~typing.Literal`\ [1234]'),
+        *bounded_typevar_rst('U', r'\ :py:obj:`~typing.Literal`\ [:py:attr:`~target.literal.MyEnum.a`]'),
+        *function_rst('bar', 'x: ~typing.Literal[1234]'),
+        *function_rst('foo', 'x: ~typing.Literal[MyEnum.a]'),
+    ]
+
+    # restify() assumes that 'fully-qualified' is 'fully-qualified-except-typing'
+    # because it is more likely that a user wants to suppress 'typing.*'
+    app.config.autodoc_typehints_format = 'fully-qualified'
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.literal', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.literal',
+        '',
+        *bounded_typevar_rst('T', r'\ :py:obj:`~typing.Literal`\ [1234]'),
+        *bounded_typevar_rst('U', r'\ :py:obj:`~typing.Literal`\ [:py:attr:`target.literal.MyEnum.a`]'),
+        *function_rst('bar', 'x: typing.Literal[1234]'),
+        *function_rst('foo', 'x: typing.Literal[target.literal.MyEnum.a]'),
+    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_autoattribute.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_autoattribute.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..41fcc99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_autoattribute.py
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+"""Test the autodoc extension.
+
+This tests mainly the Documenters; the auto directives are tested in a test
+source file translated by test_build.
+"""
+
+import pytest
+
+from tests.test_extensions.autodoc_util import do_autodoc
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoattribute(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.Class.attr')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Class.attr',
+        '   :module: target',
+        "   :value: 'bar'",
+        '',
+        '   should be documented -- süß',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoattribute_novalue(app):
+    options = {'no-value': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.Class.attr', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Class.attr',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '',
+        '   should be documented -- süß',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoattribute_typed_variable(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.typed_vars.Class.attr2')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Class.attr2',
+        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoattribute_typed_variable_in_alias(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.typed_vars.Alias.attr2')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Alias.attr2',
+        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoattribute_instance_variable(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.typed_vars.Class.attr4')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Class.attr4',
+        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+        '   attr4',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoattribute_instance_variable_in_alias(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.typed_vars.Alias.attr4')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Alias.attr4',
+        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+        '   attr4',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoattribute_instance_variable_without_comment(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.instance_variable.Bar.attr4')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Bar.attr4',
+        '   :module: target.instance_variable',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoattribute_slots_variable_list(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.slots.Foo.attr')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Foo.attr',
+        '   :module: target.slots',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoattribute_slots_variable_dict(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.slots.Bar.attr1')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Bar.attr1',
+        '   :module: target.slots',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+        '   docstring of attr1',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoattribute_slots_variable_str(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.slots.Baz.attr')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Baz.attr',
+        '   :module: target.slots',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoattribute_GenericAlias(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.genericalias.Class.T')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Class.T',
+        '   :module: target.genericalias',
+        '',
+        '   A list of int',
+        '',
+        '   alias of :py:class:`~typing.List`\\ [:py:class:`int`]',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoattribute_hide_value(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.hide_value.Foo.SENTINEL1')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Foo.SENTINEL1',
+        '   :module: target.hide_value',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '   :meta hide-value:',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.hide_value.Foo.SENTINEL2')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Foo.SENTINEL2',
+        '   :module: target.hide_value',
+        '',
+        '   :meta hide-value:',
+        '',
+    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_autoclass.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_autoclass.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e68d60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_autoclass.py
@@ -0,0 +1,566 @@
+"""Test the autodoc extension.
+
+This tests mainly the Documenters; the auto directives are tested in a test
+source file translated by test_build.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+from typing import Union
+
+import pytest
+
+from tests.test_extensions.autodoc_util import do_autodoc
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_classes(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.classes.Foo')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: Foo()',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.classes.Bar')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: Bar(x, y)',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.classes.Baz')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: Baz(x, y)',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.classes.Qux')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: Qux(foo, bar)',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_instance_variable(app):
+    options = {'members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.instance_variable.Bar', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Bar()',
+        '   :module: target.instance_variable',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar.attr2',
+        '      :module: target.instance_variable',
+        '',
+        '      docstring bar',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar.attr3',
+        '      :module: target.instance_variable',
+        '',
+        '      docstring bar',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_inherited_instance_variable(app):
+    options = {'members': None,
+               'inherited-members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.instance_variable.Bar', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Bar()',
+        '   :module: target.instance_variable',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar.attr1',
+        '      :module: target.instance_variable',
+        '',
+        '      docstring foo',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar.attr2',
+        '      :module: target.instance_variable',
+        '',
+        '      docstring bar',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar.attr3',
+        '      :module: target.instance_variable',
+        '',
+        '      docstring bar',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_uninitialized_attributes(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "inherited-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.uninitialized_attributes.Derived', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Derived()',
+        '   :module: target.uninitialized_attributes',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr1',
+        '      :module: target.uninitialized_attributes',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr3',
+        '      :module: target.uninitialized_attributes',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_undocumented_uninitialized_attributes(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "inherited-members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.uninitialized_attributes.Derived', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Derived()',
+        '   :module: target.uninitialized_attributes',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr1',
+        '      :module: target.uninitialized_attributes',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr2',
+        '      :module: target.uninitialized_attributes',
+        '      :type: str',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr3',
+        '      :module: target.uninitialized_attributes',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr4',
+        '      :module: target.uninitialized_attributes',
+        '      :type: str',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_decorators(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.decorator.Baz')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Baz(name=None, age=None)',
+        '   :module: target.decorator',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.decorator.Qux')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Qux(name=None, age=None)',
+        '   :module: target.decorator',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.decorator.Quux')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Quux(name=None, age=None)',
+        '   :module: target.decorator',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_properties(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.properties.Foo', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
+        '   :module: target.properties',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: Foo.prop1',
+        '      :module: target.properties',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: Foo.prop1_with_type_comment',
+        '      :module: target.properties',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: Foo.prop2',
+        '      :module: target.properties',
+        '      :classmethod:',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: Foo.prop2_with_type_comment',
+        '      :module: target.properties',
+        '      :classmethod:',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_slots_attribute(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.slots.Bar', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Bar()',
+        '   :module: target.slots',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar.attr1',
+        '      :module: target.slots',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      docstring of attr1',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar.attr2',
+        '      :module: target.slots',
+        '',
+        '      docstring of instance attr2',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_show_inheritance_for_subclass_of_generic_type(app):
+    options = {'show-inheritance': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.classes.Quux', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Quux(iterable=(), /)',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+        '   Bases: :py:class:`~typing.List`\\ [:py:class:`int` | :py:class:`float`]',
+        '',
+        '   A subclass of List[Union[int, float]]',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_show_inheritance_for_decendants_of_generic_type(app):
+    options = {'show-inheritance': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.classes.Corge', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Corge(iterable=(), /)',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+        '   Bases: :py:class:`~target.classes.Quux`',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_process_bases(app):
+    def autodoc_process_bases(app, name, obj, options, bases):
+        assert name == 'target.classes.Quux'
+        assert obj.__module__ == 'target.classes'
+        assert obj.__name__ == 'Quux'
+        assert options == {'show-inheritance': True,
+                           'members': []}
+        assert bases == [typing.List[Union[int, float]]]  # NoQA: UP006
+
+        bases.pop()
+        bases.extend([int, str])
+
+    app.connect('autodoc-process-bases', autodoc_process_bases)
+
+    options = {'show-inheritance': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.classes.Quux', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Quux(iterable=(), /)',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+        '   Bases: :py:class:`int`, :py:class:`str`',
+        '',
+        '   A subclass of List[Union[int, float]]',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_class_doc_from_class(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "class-doc-from": "class"}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.autoclass_content.C', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: C()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having __init__, no __new__',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_class_doc_from_init(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "class-doc-from": "init"}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.autoclass_content.C', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: C()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   __init__ docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_class_doc_from_both(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "class-doc-from": "both"}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.autoclass_content.C', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: C()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having __init__, no __new__',
+        '',
+        '   __init__ docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_class_alias(app):
+    def autodoc_process_docstring(*args):
+        """A handler always raises an error.
+        This confirms this handler is never called for class aliases.
+        """
+        raise
+
+    app.connect('autodoc-process-docstring', autodoc_process_docstring)
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.classes.Alias')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Alias',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+        '   alias of :py:class:`~target.classes.Foo`',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_class_alias_having_doccomment(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.classes.OtherAlias')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: OtherAlias',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_class_alias_for_imported_object_having_doccomment(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.classes.IntAlias')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: IntAlias',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_coroutine(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.coroutine.AsyncClass', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: AsyncClass()',
+        '   :module: target.coroutine',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: AsyncClass.do_asyncgen()',
+        '      :module: target.coroutine',
+        '      :async:',
+        '',
+        '      A documented async generator',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: AsyncClass.do_coroutine()',
+        '      :module: target.coroutine',
+        '      :async:',
+        '',
+        '      A documented coroutine function',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: AsyncClass.do_coroutine2()',
+        '      :module: target.coroutine',
+        '      :async:',
+        '      :classmethod:',
+        '',
+        '      A documented coroutine classmethod',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: AsyncClass.do_coroutine3()',
+        '      :module: target.coroutine',
+        '      :async:',
+        '      :staticmethod:',
+        '',
+        '      A documented coroutine staticmethod',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodata_NewType_module_level(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.typevar.T6')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: T6',
+        '   :module: target.typevar',
+        '',
+        '   T6',
+        '',
+        '   alias of :py:class:`~datetime.date`',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoattribute_NewType_class_level(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.typevar.Class.T6')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Class.T6',
+        '   :module: target.typevar',
+        '',
+        '   T6',
+        '',
+        '   alias of :py:class:`~datetime.date`',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodata_TypeVar_class_level(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.typevar.T1')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: T1',
+        '   :module: target.typevar',
+        '',
+        '   T1',
+        '',
+        "   alias of TypeVar('T1')",
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoattribute_TypeVar_module_level(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.typevar.Class.T1')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Class.T1',
+        '   :module: target.typevar',
+        '',
+        '   T1',
+        '',
+        "   alias of TypeVar('T1')",
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_inherited_instance_variable_with_annotations(app):
+    options = {'members': None,
+               'inherited-members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inherited_annotations.NoTypeAnnotation', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: NoTypeAnnotation()',
+        '   :module: target.inherited_annotations',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: NoTypeAnnotation.a',
+        '      :module: target.inherited_annotations',
+        '      :value: 1',
+        '',
+        '      Local',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: NoTypeAnnotation.inherit_me',
+        '      :module: target.inherited_annotations',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      Inherited',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_no_inherited_instance_variable_with_annotations(app):
+    options = {'members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inherited_annotations.NoTypeAnnotation2', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: NoTypeAnnotation2()',
+        '   :module: target.inherited_annotations',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: NoTypeAnnotation2.a',
+        '      :module: target.inherited_annotations',
+        '      :value: 1',
+        '',
+        '      Local',
+        '',
+    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_autodata.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_autodata.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b794666
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_autodata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+"""Test the autodoc extension.
+
+This tests mainly the Documenters; the auto directives are tested in a test
+source file translated by test_build.
+"""
+
+import pytest
+
+from tests.test_extensions.autodoc_util import do_autodoc
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodata(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'data', 'target.integer')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: integer',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '   :value: 1',
+        '',
+        '   documentation for the integer',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodata_novalue(app):
+    options = {'no-value': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'data', 'target.integer', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: integer',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '',
+        '   documentation for the integer',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodata_typed_variable(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'data', 'target.typed_vars.attr2')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: attr2',
+        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '   :type: str',
+        '',
+        '   attr2',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodata_type_comment(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'data', 'target.typed_vars.attr3')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: attr3',
+        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '   :type: str',
+        "   :value: ''",
+        '',
+        '   attr3',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodata_GenericAlias(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'data', 'target.genericalias.T')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: T',
+        '   :module: target.genericalias',
+        '',
+        '   A list of int',
+        '',
+        '   alias of :py:class:`~typing.List`\\ [:py:class:`int`]',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodata_hide_value(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'data', 'target.hide_value.SENTINEL1')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: SENTINEL1',
+        '   :module: target.hide_value',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '   :meta hide-value:',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'data', 'target.hide_value.SENTINEL2')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: SENTINEL2',
+        '   :module: target.hide_value',
+        '',
+        '   :meta hide-value:',
+        '',
+    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_autofunction.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_autofunction.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5dfa42d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_autofunction.py
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+"""Test the autodoc extension.
+
+This tests mainly the Documenters; the auto directives are tested in a test
+source file translated by test_build.
+"""
+
+import pytest
+
+from tests.test_extensions.autodoc_util import do_autodoc
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_classes(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.classes.Foo')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: Foo()',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.classes.Bar')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: Bar(x, y)',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.classes.Baz')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: Baz(x, y)',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.classes.Qux')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: Qux(foo, bar)',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_callable(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.callable.function')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: function(arg1, arg2, **kwargs)',
+        '   :module: target.callable',
+        '',
+        '   A callable object that behaves like a function.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_method(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.callable.method')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: method(arg1, arg2)',
+        '   :module: target.callable',
+        '',
+        '   docstring of Callable.method().',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_builtin_function(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'os.umask')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: umask(mask, /)',
+        '   :module: os',
+        '',
+        '   Set the current numeric umask and return the previous umask.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_methoddescriptor(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'builtins.int.__add__')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: __add__(self, value, /)',
+        '   :module: builtins.int',
+        '',
+        '   Return self+value.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_decorated(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.decorator.foo')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: foo(name=None, age=None)',
+        '   :module: target.decorator',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_singledispatch(app):
+    options = {}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.singledispatch.func', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: func(arg, kwarg=None)',
+        '                 func(arg: float, kwarg=None)',
+        '                 func(arg: int, kwarg=None)',
+        '                 func(arg: str, kwarg=None)',
+        '                 func(arg: dict, kwarg=None)',
+        '   :module: target.singledispatch',
+        '',
+        '   A function for general use.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_cfunction(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'time.asctime')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: asctime([tuple]) -> string',
+        '   :module: time',
+        '',
+        "   Convert a time tuple to a string, e.g. 'Sat Jun 06 16:26:11 1998'.",
+        '   When the time tuple is not present, current time as returned by localtime()',
+        '   is used.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_wrapped_function(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.wrappedfunction.slow_function')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: slow_function(message, timeout)',
+        '   :module: target.wrappedfunction',
+        '',
+        '   This function is slow.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_wrapped_function_contextmanager(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.wrappedfunction.feeling_good')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: feeling_good(x: int, y: int) -> ~typing.Generator',
+        '   :module: target.wrappedfunction',
+        '',
+        "   You'll feel better in this context!",
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_coroutine(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.functions.coroutinefunc')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: coroutinefunc()',
+        '   :module: target.functions',
+        '   :async:',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_synchronized_coroutine(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.coroutine.sync_func')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: sync_func()',
+        '   :module: target.coroutine',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_async_generator(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.functions.asyncgenerator')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: asyncgenerator()',
+        '   :module: target.functions',
+        '   :async:',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_slice_function_arg(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.functions.slice_arg_func')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: slice_arg_func(arg: float64[:, :])',
+        '   :module: target.functions',
+        '',
+    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_automodule.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_automodule.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92565ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_automodule.py
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+"""Test the autodoc extension.
+
+This tests mainly the Documenters; the auto directives are tested in a test
+source file translated by test_build.
+"""
+
+import sys
+
+import pytest
+
+from tests.test_extensions.autodoc_util import do_autodoc
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_empty_all(app):
+    options = {'members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.empty_all', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.empty_all',
+        '',
+        '   docsting of empty_all module.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_automodule(app):
+    options = {'members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.module', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.module',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: annotated',
+        '   :module: target.module',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: documented',
+        '   :module: target.module',
+        '   :value: 1',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_automodule_undoc_members(app):
+    options = {'members': None,
+               'undoc-members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.module', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.module',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: annotated',
+        '   :module: target.module',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: documented',
+        '   :module: target.module',
+        '   :value: 1',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: undoc_annotated',
+        '   :module: target.module',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_automodule_special_members(app):
+    options = {'members': None,
+               'special-members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.module', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.module',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: __documented_special__',
+        '   :module: target.module',
+        '   :value: 1',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: annotated',
+        '   :module: target.module',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: documented',
+        '   :module: target.module',
+        '   :value: 1',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_automodule_inherited_members(app):
+    options = {'members': None,
+               'undoc-members': None,
+               'inherited-members': 'Base, list'}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.inheritance', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.inheritance',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Base()',
+        '   :module: target.inheritance',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Base.inheritedattr',
+        '      :module: target.inheritance',
+        '      :value: None',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
+        '      :module: target.inheritance',
+        '      :classmethod:',
+        '',
+        '      Inherited class method.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedmeth()',
+        '      :module: target.inheritance',
+        '',
+        '      Inherited function.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
+        '      :module: target.inheritance',
+        '      :staticmethod:',
+        '',
+        '      Inherited static method.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Derived()',
+        '   :module: target.inheritance',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Derived.inheritedmeth()',
+        '      :module: target.inheritance',
+        '',
+        '      Inherited function.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: MyList(iterable=(), /)',
+        '   :module: target.inheritance',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: MyList.meth()',
+        '      :module: target.inheritance',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_mock_imports': ['missing_module',
+                                                            'missing_package1',
+                                                            'missing_package2',
+                                                            'missing_package3',
+                                                            'sphinx.missing_module4']})
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("rollback_sysmodules")
+def test_subclass_of_mocked_object(app):
+    sys.modules.pop('target', None)  # unload target module to clear the module cache
+
+    options = {'members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.need_mocks', options)
+    assert '.. py:class:: Inherited(*args: ~typing.Any, **kwargs: ~typing.Any)' in actual
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_autoproperty.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_autoproperty.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de33117
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_autoproperty.py
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+"""Test the autodoc extension.
+
+This tests mainly the Documenters; the auto directives are tested in a test
+source file translated by test_build.
+"""
+
+import pytest
+
+from tests.test_extensions.autodoc_util import do_autodoc
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_properties(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'property', 'target.properties.Foo.prop1')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:property:: Foo.prop1',
+        '   :module: target.properties',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_class_properties(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'property', 'target.properties.Foo.prop2')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:property:: Foo.prop2',
+        '   :module: target.properties',
+        '   :classmethod:',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_properties_with_type_comment(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'property', 'target.properties.Foo.prop1_with_type_comment')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:property:: Foo.prop1_with_type_comment',
+        '   :module: target.properties',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_class_properties_with_type_comment(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'property', 'target.properties.Foo.prop2_with_type_comment')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:property:: Foo.prop2_with_type_comment',
+        '   :module: target.properties',
+        '   :classmethod:',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_cached_properties(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'property', 'target.cached_property.Foo.prop')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:property:: Foo.prop',
+        '   :module: target.cached_property',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_cached_properties_with_type_comment(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'property', 'target.cached_property.Foo.prop_with_type_comment')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:property:: Foo.prop_with_type_comment',
+        '   :module: target.cached_property',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_configs.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_configs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c2af5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_configs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1743 @@
+"""Test the autodoc extension.  This tests mainly for config variables"""
+
+import platform
+import sys
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
+
+from tests.test_extensions.autodoc_util import do_autodoc
+
+IS_PYPY = platform.python_implementation() == 'PyPy'
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def overwrite_file(path, content):
+    current_content = path.read_bytes() if path.exists() else None
+    try:
+        path.write_text(content, encoding='utf-8')
+        yield
+    finally:
+        if current_content is not None:
+            path.write_bytes(current_content)
+        else:
+            path.unlink()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoclass_content_class(app):
+    app.config.autoclass_content = 'class'
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.autoclass_content', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: A()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having no __init__, no __new__',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: B()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having __init__(no docstring), no __new__',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: C()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having __init__, no __new__',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: D()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having no __init__, __new__(no docstring)',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: E()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having no __init__, __new__',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: F()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having both __init__ and __new__',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: G()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class inherits __init__ without docstring.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: H()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class inherits __new__ without docstring.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoclass_content_init(app):
+    app.config.autoclass_content = 'init'
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.autoclass_content', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: A()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having no __init__, no __new__',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: B()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having __init__(no docstring), no __new__',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: C()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   __init__ docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: D()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having no __init__, __new__(no docstring)',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: E()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   __new__ docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: F()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   __init__ docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: G()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   __init__ docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: H()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   __new__ docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_class_signature_mixed(app):
+    app.config.autodoc_class_signature = 'mixed'
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.classes.Bar', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Bar(x, y)',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_class_signature_separated_init(app):
+    app.config.autodoc_class_signature = 'separated'
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.classes.Bar', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Bar',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Bar.__init__(x, y)',
+        '      :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_class_signature_separated_new(app):
+    app.config.autodoc_class_signature = 'separated'
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.classes.Baz', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Baz',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Baz.__new__(cls, x, y)',
+        '      :module: target.classes',
+        '      :staticmethod:',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoclass_content_both(app):
+    app.config.autoclass_content = 'both'
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.autoclass_content', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: A()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having no __init__, no __new__',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: B()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having __init__(no docstring), no __new__',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: C()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having __init__, no __new__',
+        '',
+        '   __init__ docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: D()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having no __init__, __new__(no docstring)',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: E()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having no __init__, __new__',
+        '',
+        '   __new__ docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: F()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having both __init__ and __new__',
+        '',
+        '   __init__ docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: G()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class inherits __init__ without docstring.',
+        '',
+        '   __init__ docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: H()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class inherits __new__ without docstring.',
+        '',
+        '   __new__ docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_inherit_docstrings(app):
+    assert app.config.autodoc_inherit_docstrings is True  # default
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'target.inheritance.Derived.inheritedmeth')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:method:: Derived.inheritedmeth()',
+        '   :module: target.inheritance',
+        '',
+        '   Inherited function.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    # disable autodoc_inherit_docstrings
+    app.config.autodoc_inherit_docstrings = False
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'target.inheritance.Derived.inheritedmeth')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:method:: Derived.inheritedmeth()',
+        '   :module: target.inheritance',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_inherit_docstrings_for_inherited_members(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "inherited-members": None}
+
+    assert app.config.autodoc_inherit_docstrings is True  # default
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Derived', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Derived()',
+        '   :module: target.inheritance',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.inheritedattr',
+        '      :module: target.inheritance',
+        '      :value: None',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Derived.inheritedclassmeth()',
+        '      :module: target.inheritance',
+        '      :classmethod:',
+        '',
+        '      Inherited class method.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Derived.inheritedmeth()',
+        '      :module: target.inheritance',
+        '',
+        '      Inherited function.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Derived.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
+        '      :module: target.inheritance',
+        '      :staticmethod:',
+        '',
+        '      Inherited static method.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    # disable autodoc_inherit_docstrings
+    app.config.autodoc_inherit_docstrings = False
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Derived', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Derived()',
+        '   :module: target.inheritance',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Derived.inheritedclassmeth()',
+        '      :module: target.inheritance',
+        '      :classmethod:',
+        '',
+        '      Inherited class method.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Derived.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
+        '      :module: target.inheritance',
+        '      :staticmethod:',
+        '',
+        '      Inherited static method.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_docstring_signature(app):
+    options = {"members": None, "special-members": "__init__, __new__"}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.DocstringSig', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        # FIXME: Ideally this would instead be: `DocstringSig(d, e=1)` but
+        # currently `ClassDocumenter` does not apply the docstring signature
+        # logic when extracting a signature from a __new__ or __init__ method.
+        '.. py:class:: DocstringSig(*new_args, **new_kwargs)',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: DocstringSig.__init__(self, a, b=1) -> None',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '',
+        '      First line of docstring',
+        '',
+        '      rest of docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: DocstringSig.__new__(cls, d, e=1) -> DocstringSig',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '      :staticmethod:',
+        '',
+        '      First line of docstring',
+        '',
+        '      rest of docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: DocstringSig.meth(FOO, BAR=1) -> BAZ',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '',
+        '      First line of docstring',
+        '',
+        '      rest of docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: DocstringSig.meth2()',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '',
+        '      First line, no signature',
+        '      Second line followed by indentation::',
+        '',
+        '          indented line',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: DocstringSig.prop1',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '',
+        '      First line of docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: DocstringSig.prop2',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '',
+        '      First line of docstring',
+        '      Second line of docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    # disable autodoc_docstring_signature
+    app.config.autodoc_docstring_signature = False
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.DocstringSig', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: DocstringSig(*new_args, **new_kwargs)',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: DocstringSig.__init__(*init_args, **init_kwargs)',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '',
+        '      __init__(self, a, b=1) -> None',
+        '      First line of docstring',
+        '',
+        '              rest of docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: DocstringSig.__new__(cls, *new_args, **new_kwargs)',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '      :staticmethod:',
+        '',
+        '      __new__(cls, d, e=1) -> DocstringSig',
+        '      First line of docstring',
+        '',
+        '              rest of docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: DocstringSig.meth()',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '',
+        '      meth(FOO, BAR=1) -> BAZ',
+        '      First line of docstring',
+        '',
+        '              rest of docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: DocstringSig.meth2()',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '',
+        '      First line, no signature',
+        '      Second line followed by indentation::',
+        '',
+        '          indented line',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: DocstringSig.prop1',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '',
+        '      DocstringSig.prop1(self)',
+        '      First line of docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: DocstringSig.prop2',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '',
+        '      First line of docstring',
+        '      Second line of docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoclass_content_and_docstring_signature_class(app):
+    app.config.autoclass_content = 'class'
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.docstring_signature', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: A(foo, bar)',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: B(foo, bar)',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: C(foo, bar)',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: D()',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: E()',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: F()',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoclass_content_and_docstring_signature_init(app):
+    app.config.autoclass_content = 'init'
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.docstring_signature', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: A(foo, bar)',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: B(foo, bar, baz)',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: C(foo, bar, baz)',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: D(foo, bar, baz)',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: E(foo: int, bar: int, baz: int)',
+        '              E(foo: str, bar: str, baz: str)',
+        '              E(foo: float, bar: float, baz: float)',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: F(foo: int, bar: int, baz: int)',
+        '              F(foo: str, bar: str, baz: str)',
+        '              F(foo: float, bar: float, baz: float)',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoclass_content_and_docstring_signature_both(app):
+    app.config.autoclass_content = 'both'
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.docstring_signature', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: A(foo, bar)',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: B(foo, bar)',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '   B(foo, bar, baz)',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: C(foo, bar)',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '   C(foo, bar, baz)',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: D(foo, bar, baz)',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: E(foo: int, bar: int, baz: int)',
+        '              E(foo: str, bar: str, baz: str)',
+        '              E(foo: float, bar: float, baz: float)',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: F(foo: int, bar: int, baz: int)',
+        '              F(foo: str, bar: str, baz: str)',
+        '              F(foo: float, bar: float, baz: float)',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("rollback_sysmodules")
+def test_mocked_module_imports(app, warning):
+    sys.modules.pop('target', None)  # unload target module to clear the module cache
+
+    # no autodoc_mock_imports
+    options = {"members": 'TestAutodoc,decoratedFunction,func,Alias'}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.need_mocks', options)
+    assert list(actual) == []
+    assert "autodoc: failed to import module 'need_mocks'" in warning.getvalue()
+
+    # with autodoc_mock_imports
+    app.config.autodoc_mock_imports = [
+        'missing_module',
+        'missing_package1',
+        'missing_package2',
+        'missing_package3',
+        'sphinx.missing_module4',
+    ]
+
+    warning.truncate(0)
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.need_mocks', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.need_mocks',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: Alias',
+        '   :module: target.need_mocks',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: TestAutodoc()',
+        '   :module: target.need_mocks',
+        '',
+        '   TestAutodoc docstring.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: TestAutodoc.Alias',
+        '      :module: target.need_mocks',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: TestAutodoc.decoratedMethod()',
+        '      :module: target.need_mocks',
+        '',
+        '      TestAutodoc::decoratedMethod docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: decoratedFunction()',
+        '   :module: target.need_mocks',
+        '',
+        '   decoratedFunction docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: func(arg: missing_module.Class)',
+        '   :module: target.need_mocks',
+        '',
+        '   a function takes mocked object as an argument',
+        '',
+    ]
+    assert warning.getvalue() == ''
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': "signature"})
+def test_autodoc_typehints_signature(app):
+    if sys.version_info[:2] <= (3, 10):
+        type_o = "~typing.Any | None"
+    else:
+        type_o = "~typing.Any"
+
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.typehints', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: CONST1',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: CONST2',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '   :value: 1',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: CONST3',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '   :type: ~pathlib.PurePosixPath',
+        "   :value: PurePosixPath('/a/b/c')",
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Math(s: str, o: %s = None)' % type_o,
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Math.CONST1',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Math.CONST2',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '      :value: 1',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Math.CONST3',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '      :type: ~pathlib.PurePosixPath',
+        "      :value: PurePosixPath('/a/b/c')",
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Math.decr(a: int, b: int = 1) -> int',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Math.horse(a: str, b: int) -> None',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Math.incr(a: int, b: int = 1) -> int',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Math.nothing() -> None',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: Math.path',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '      :type: ~pathlib.PurePosixPath',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: Math.prop',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: NewAnnotation(i: int)',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: NewComment(i: int)',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: SignatureFromMetaclass(a: int)',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: T',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        "   alias of TypeVar('T', bound=\\ :py:class:`~pathlib.PurePosixPath`)",
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: complex_func(arg1: str, arg2: List[int], arg3: Tuple[int, '
+        'Union[str, Unknown]] = None, *args: str, **kwargs: str) -> None',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: decr(a: int, b: int = 1) -> int',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: incr(a: int, b: int = 1) -> int',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: missing_attr(c, a: str, b: Optional[str] = None) -> str',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: tuple_args(x: tuple[int, int | str]) -> tuple[int, int]',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': "none"})
+def test_autodoc_typehints_none(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.typehints', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: CONST1',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: CONST2',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '   :value: 1',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: CONST3',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        "   :value: PurePosixPath('/a/b/c')",
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Math(s, o=None)',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Math.CONST1',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Math.CONST2',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '      :value: 1',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Math.CONST3',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        "      :value: PurePosixPath('/a/b/c')",
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Math.decr(a, b=1)',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Math.horse(a, b)',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Math.incr(a, b=1)',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Math.nothing()',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: Math.path',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: Math.prop',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: NewAnnotation(i)',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: NewComment(i)',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: SignatureFromMetaclass(a)',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: T',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        "   alias of TypeVar('T', bound=\\ :py:class:`~pathlib.PurePosixPath`)",
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: complex_func(arg1, arg2, arg3=None, *args, **kwargs)',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: decr(a, b=1)',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: incr(a, b=1)',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: missing_attr(c, a, b=None)',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: tuple_args(x)',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': 'none'})
+def test_autodoc_typehints_none_for_overload(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.overload', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.overload',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Bar(x, y)',
+        '   :module: target.overload',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Baz(x, y)',
+        '   :module: target.overload',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Foo(x, y)',
+        '   :module: target.overload',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Math()',
+        '   :module: target.overload',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Math.sum(x, y=None)',
+        '      :module: target.overload',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: sum(x, y=None)',
+        '   :module: target.overload',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': "description"},
+                    freshenv=True)
+def test_autodoc_typehints_description(app):
+    app.build()
+    context = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('target.typehints.incr(a, b=1)\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   Parameters:\n'
+            '      * **a** (*int*)\n'
+            '\n'
+            '      * **b** (*int*)\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   Return type:\n'
+            '      int\n'
+            in context)
+    assert ('target.typehints.tuple_args(x)\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   Parameters:\n'
+            '      **x** (*tuple**[**int**, **int** | **str**]*)\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   Return type:\n'
+            '      tuple[int, int]\n'
+            in context)
+
+    # Overloads still get displayed in the signature
+    assert ('target.overload.sum(x: int, y: int = 0) -> int\n'
+            'target.overload.sum(x: float, y: float = 0.0) -> float\n'
+            'target.overload.sum(x: str, y: str = None) -> str\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   docstring\n'
+            in context)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': "description",
+                                   'autodoc_typehints_description_target': 'documented'})
+def test_autodoc_typehints_description_no_undoc(app):
+    # No :type: or :rtype: will be injected for `incr`, which does not have
+    # a description for its parameters or its return. `tuple_args` does
+    # describe them, so :type: and :rtype: will be added.
+    with overwrite_file(app.srcdir / 'index.rst',
+                        '.. autofunction:: target.typehints.incr\n'
+                        '\n'
+                        '.. autofunction:: target.typehints.decr\n'
+                        '\n'
+                        '   :returns: decremented number\n'
+                        '\n'
+                        '.. autofunction:: target.typehints.tuple_args\n'
+                        '\n'
+                        '   :param x: arg\n'
+                        '   :return: another tuple\n'):
+        app.build()
+    # Restore the original content of the file
+    context = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('target.typehints.incr(a, b=1)\n'
+            '\n'
+            'target.typehints.decr(a, b=1)\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   Returns:\n'
+            '      decremented number\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   Return type:\n'
+            '      int\n'
+            '\n'
+            'target.typehints.tuple_args(x)\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   Parameters:\n'
+            '      **x** (*tuple**[**int**, **int** | **str**]*) -- arg\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   Returns:\n'
+            '      another tuple\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   Return type:\n'
+            '      tuple[int, int]\n'
+            in context)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': "description",
+                                   'autodoc_typehints_description_target': 'documented_params'})
+def test_autodoc_typehints_description_no_undoc_doc_rtype(app):
+    # No :type: will be injected for `incr`, which does not have a description
+    # for its parameters or its return, just :rtype: will be injected due to
+    # autodoc_typehints_description_target. `tuple_args` does describe both, so
+    # :type: and :rtype: will be added. `nothing` has no parameters but a return
+    # type of None, which will be added.
+    with overwrite_file(app.srcdir / 'index.rst',
+                        '.. autofunction:: target.typehints.incr\n'
+                        '\n'
+                        '.. autofunction:: target.typehints.decr\n'
+                        '\n'
+                        '   :returns: decremented number\n'
+                        '\n'
+                        '.. autofunction:: target.typehints.tuple_args\n'
+                        '\n'
+                        '   :param x: arg\n'
+                        '   :return: another tuple\n'
+                        '\n'
+                        '.. autofunction:: target.typehints.Math.nothing\n'
+                        '\n'
+                        '.. autofunction:: target.typehints.Math.horse\n'
+                        '\n'
+                        '   :return: nothing\n'):
+        app.build()
+    context = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert context == (
+        'target.typehints.incr(a, b=1)\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Return type:\n'
+        '      int\n'
+        '\n'
+        'target.typehints.decr(a, b=1)\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Returns:\n'
+        '      decremented number\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Return type:\n'
+        '      int\n'
+        '\n'
+        'target.typehints.tuple_args(x)\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Parameters:\n'
+        '      **x** (*tuple**[**int**, **int** | **str**]*) -- arg\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Returns:\n'
+        '      another tuple\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Return type:\n'
+        '      tuple[int, int]\n'
+        '\n'
+        'target.typehints.Math.nothing(self)\n'
+        '\n'
+        'target.typehints.Math.horse(self, a, b)\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Returns:\n'
+        '      nothing\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Return type:\n'
+        '      None\n'
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': "description"})
+def test_autodoc_typehints_description_with_documented_init(app):
+    with overwrite_file(app.srcdir / 'index.rst',
+                        '.. autoclass:: target.typehints._ClassWithDocumentedInit\n'
+                        '   :special-members: __init__\n'):
+        app.build()
+    context = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert context == (
+        'class target.typehints._ClassWithDocumentedInit(x, *args, **kwargs)\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Class docstring.\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Parameters:\n'
+        '      * **x** (*int*)\n'
+        '\n'
+        '      * **args** (*int*)\n'
+        '\n'
+        '      * **kwargs** (*int*)\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   __init__(x, *args, **kwargs)\n'
+        '\n'
+        '      Init docstring.\n'
+        '\n'
+        '      Parameters:\n'
+        '         * **x** (*int*) -- Some integer\n'
+        '\n'
+        '         * **args** (*int*) -- Some integer\n'
+        '\n'
+        '         * **kwargs** (*int*) -- Some integer\n'
+        '\n'
+        '      Return type:\n'
+        '         None\n'
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': "description",
+                                   'autodoc_typehints_description_target': 'documented'})
+def test_autodoc_typehints_description_with_documented_init_no_undoc(app):
+    with overwrite_file(app.srcdir / 'index.rst',
+                        '.. autoclass:: target.typehints._ClassWithDocumentedInit\n'
+                        '   :special-members: __init__\n'):
+        app.build()
+    context = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert context == (
+        'class target.typehints._ClassWithDocumentedInit(x, *args, **kwargs)\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Class docstring.\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   __init__(x, *args, **kwargs)\n'
+        '\n'
+        '      Init docstring.\n'
+        '\n'
+        '      Parameters:\n'
+        '         * **x** (*int*) -- Some integer\n'
+        '\n'
+        '         * **args** (*int*) -- Some integer\n'
+        '\n'
+        '         * **kwargs** (*int*) -- Some integer\n'
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': "description",
+                                   'autodoc_typehints_description_target': 'documented_params'})
+def test_autodoc_typehints_description_with_documented_init_no_undoc_doc_rtype(app):
+    # see test_autodoc_typehints_description_with_documented_init_no_undoc
+    # returnvalue_and_documented_params should not change class or method
+    # docstring.
+    with overwrite_file(app.srcdir / 'index.rst',
+                        '.. autoclass:: target.typehints._ClassWithDocumentedInit\n'
+                        '   :special-members: __init__\n'):
+        app.build()
+    context = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert context == (
+        'class target.typehints._ClassWithDocumentedInit(x, *args, **kwargs)\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Class docstring.\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   __init__(x, *args, **kwargs)\n'
+        '\n'
+        '      Init docstring.\n'
+        '\n'
+        '      Parameters:\n'
+        '         * **x** (*int*) -- Some integer\n'
+        '\n'
+        '         * **args** (*int*) -- Some integer\n'
+        '\n'
+        '         * **kwargs** (*int*) -- Some integer\n'
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': "description"})
+def test_autodoc_typehints_description_for_invalid_node(app):
+    text = ".. py:function:: hello; world"
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)  # raises no error
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': "both"})
+def test_autodoc_typehints_both(app):
+    with overwrite_file(app.srcdir / 'index.rst',
+                        '.. autofunction:: target.typehints.incr\n'
+                        '\n'
+                        '.. autofunction:: target.typehints.tuple_args\n'
+                        '\n'
+                        '.. autofunction:: target.overload.sum\n'):
+        app.build()
+    context = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('target.typehints.incr(a: int, b: int = 1) -> int\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   Parameters:\n'
+            '      * **a** (*int*)\n'
+            '\n'
+            '      * **b** (*int*)\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   Return type:\n'
+            '      int\n'
+            in context)
+    assert ('target.typehints.tuple_args(x: tuple[int, int | str]) -> tuple[int, int]\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   Parameters:\n'
+            '      **x** (*tuple**[**int**, **int** | **str**]*)\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   Return type:\n'
+            '      tuple[int, int]\n'
+            in context)
+
+    # Overloads still get displayed in the signature
+    assert ('target.overload.sum(x: int, y: int = 0) -> int\n'
+            'target.overload.sum(x: float, y: float = 0.0) -> float\n'
+            'target.overload.sum(x: str, y: str = None) -> str\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   docstring\n'
+            in context)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_type_aliases(app):
+    # default
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.autodoc_type_aliases', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
+        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.attr1',
+        '      :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.attr2',
+        '      :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: mult(x: int, y: int) -> int',
+        '                 mult(x: float, y: float) -> float',
+        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: read(r: ~_io.BytesIO) -> ~_io.StringIO',
+        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: sum(x: int, y: int) -> int',
+        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: variable',
+        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: variable2',
+        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '   :value: None',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: variable3',
+        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '   :type: int | None',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    # define aliases
+    app.config.autodoc_type_aliases = {'myint': 'myint',
+                                       'io.StringIO': 'my.module.StringIO'}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.autodoc_type_aliases', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
+        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.attr1',
+        '      :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '      :type: myint',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.attr2',
+        '      :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '      :type: myint',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: mult(x: myint, y: myint) -> myint',
+        '                 mult(x: float, y: float) -> float',
+        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: read(r: ~_io.BytesIO) -> my.module.StringIO',
+        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: sum(x: myint, y: myint) -> myint',
+        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: variable',
+        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '   :type: myint',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: variable2',
+        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '   :type: myint',
+        '   :value: None',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: variable3',
+        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '   :type: myint | None',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    srcdir='autodoc_typehints_description_and_type_aliases',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': "description",
+                                   'autodoc_type_aliases': {'myint': 'myint'}})
+def test_autodoc_typehints_description_and_type_aliases(app):
+    with overwrite_file(app.srcdir / 'autodoc_type_aliases.rst',
+                        '.. autofunction:: target.autodoc_type_aliases.sum'):
+        app.build()
+    context = (app.outdir / 'autodoc_type_aliases.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert context == (
+        'target.autodoc_type_aliases.sum(x, y)\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   docstring\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Parameters:\n'
+        '      * **x** (*myint*)\n'
+        '\n'
+        '      * **y** (*myint*)\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Return type:\n'
+        '      myint\n'
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints_format': "fully-qualified"})
+def test_autodoc_typehints_format_fully_qualified(app):
+    if sys.version_info[:2] <= (3, 10):
+        type_o = "typing.Any | None"
+    else:
+        type_o = "typing.Any"
+
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.typehints', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: CONST1',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: CONST2',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '   :value: 1',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: CONST3',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '   :type: pathlib.PurePosixPath',
+        "   :value: PurePosixPath('/a/b/c')",
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Math(s: str, o: %s = None)' % type_o,
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Math.CONST1',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Math.CONST2',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '      :value: 1',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Math.CONST3',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '      :type: pathlib.PurePosixPath',
+        "      :value: PurePosixPath('/a/b/c')",
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Math.decr(a: int, b: int = 1) -> int',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Math.horse(a: str, b: int) -> None',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Math.incr(a: int, b: int = 1) -> int',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Math.nothing() -> None',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: Math.path',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '      :type: pathlib.PurePosixPath',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: Math.prop',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: NewAnnotation(i: int)',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: NewComment(i: int)',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: SignatureFromMetaclass(a: int)',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: T',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        "   alias of TypeVar('T', bound=\\ :py:class:`pathlib.PurePosixPath`)",
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: complex_func(arg1: str, arg2: List[int], arg3: Tuple[int, '
+        'Union[str, Unknown]] = None, *args: str, **kwargs: str) -> None',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: decr(a: int, b: int = 1) -> int',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: incr(a: int, b: int = 1) -> int',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: missing_attr(c, a: str, b: Optional[str] = None) -> str',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: tuple_args(x: tuple[int, int | str]) -> tuple[int, int]',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints_format': "fully-qualified"})
+def test_autodoc_typehints_format_fully_qualified_for_class_alias(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.classes.Alias')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Alias',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+        '   alias of :py:class:`target.classes.Foo`',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints_format': "fully-qualified"})
+def test_autodoc_typehints_format_fully_qualified_for_generic_alias(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'data', 'target.genericalias.L')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: L',
+        '   :module: target.genericalias',
+        '',
+        '   A list of Class',
+        '',
+        '   alias of :py:class:`~typing.List`\\ [:py:class:`target.genericalias.Class`]',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints_format': "fully-qualified"})
+def test_autodoc_typehints_format_fully_qualified_for_newtype_alias(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.typevar.T6')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: T6',
+        '   :module: target.typevar',
+        '',
+        '   T6',
+        '',
+        '   alias of :py:class:`datetime.date`',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_default_options(app):
+    if (
+            (3, 11, 7) <= sys.version_info < (3, 12)
+            or sys.version_info >= (3, 12, 1)
+    ):
+        list_of_weak_references = "      list of weak references to the object"
+    else:
+        list_of_weak_references = "      list of weak references to the object (if defined)"
+
+    # no settings
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.enums.EnumCls')
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val1' not in actual
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val4' not in actual
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.CustomIter')
+    assert '   .. py:method:: target.CustomIter' not in actual
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target')
+    assert '.. py:function:: function_to_be_imported(app)' not in actual
+
+    # with :members:
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options = {'members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.enums.EnumCls')
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val1' in actual
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val4' not in actual
+
+    # with :members: = True
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options = {'members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.enums.EnumCls')
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val1' in actual
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val4' not in actual
+
+    # with :members: and :undoc-members:
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options = {
+        'members': None,
+        'undoc-members': None,
+    }
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.enums.EnumCls')
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val1' in actual
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val4' in actual
+
+    # with :special-members:
+    # Note that :members: must be *on* for :special-members: to work.
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options = {
+        'members': None,
+        'special-members': None,
+    }
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.CustomIter')
+    assert '   .. py:method:: CustomIter.__init__()' in actual
+    assert '      Create a new `CustomIter`.' in actual
+    assert '   .. py:method:: CustomIter.__iter__()' in actual
+    assert '      Iterate squares of each value.' in actual
+    if not IS_PYPY:
+        assert '   .. py:attribute:: CustomIter.__weakref__' in actual
+        assert list_of_weak_references in actual
+
+    # :exclude-members: None - has no effect. Unlike :members:,
+    # :special-members:, etc. where None == "include all", here None means
+    # "no/false/off".
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options = {
+        'members': None,
+        'exclude-members': None,
+    }
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.enums.EnumCls')
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val1' in actual
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val4' not in actual
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options = {
+        'members': None,
+        'special-members': None,
+        'exclude-members': None,
+    }
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.CustomIter')
+    assert '   .. py:method:: CustomIter.__init__()' in actual
+    assert '      Create a new `CustomIter`.' in actual
+    assert '   .. py:method:: CustomIter.__iter__()' in actual
+    assert '      Iterate squares of each value.' in actual
+    if not IS_PYPY:
+        assert '   .. py:attribute:: CustomIter.__weakref__' in actual
+        assert list_of_weak_references in actual
+    assert '   .. py:method:: CustomIter.snafucate()' in actual
+    assert '      Makes this snafucated.' in actual
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_default_options_with_values(app):
+    if (
+            (3, 11, 7) <= sys.version_info < (3, 12)
+            or sys.version_info >= (3, 12, 1)
+    ):
+        list_of_weak_references = "      list of weak references to the object"
+    else:
+        list_of_weak_references = "      list of weak references to the object (if defined)"
+
+    # with :members:
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options = {'members': 'val1,val2'}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.enums.EnumCls')
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val1' in actual
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val2' in actual
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val3' not in actual
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val4' not in actual
+
+    # with :member-order:
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options = {
+        'members': None,
+        'member-order': 'bysource',
+    }
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class')
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.skipmeth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.excludemeth()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.docattr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.udocattr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.mdocattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.moore(a, e, f) -> happiness',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_inline',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_comment',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_string',
+    ]
+
+    # with :special-members:
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options = {
+        'special-members': '__init__,__iter__',
+    }
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.CustomIter')
+    assert '   .. py:method:: CustomIter.__init__()' in actual
+    assert '      Create a new `CustomIter`.' in actual
+    assert '   .. py:method:: CustomIter.__iter__()' in actual
+    assert '      Iterate squares of each value.' in actual
+    if not IS_PYPY:
+        assert '   .. py:attribute:: CustomIter.__weakref__' not in actual
+        assert list_of_weak_references not in actual
+
+    # with :exclude-members:
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options = {
+        'members': None,
+        'exclude-members': 'val1',
+    }
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.enums.EnumCls')
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val1' not in actual
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val2' in actual
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val3' in actual
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val4' not in actual
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options = {
+        'members': None,
+        'special-members': None,
+        'exclude-members': '__weakref__,snafucate',
+    }
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.CustomIter')
+    assert '   .. py:method:: CustomIter.__init__()' in actual
+    assert '      Create a new `CustomIter`.' in actual
+    assert '   .. py:method:: CustomIter.__iter__()' in actual
+    assert '      Iterate squares of each value.' in actual
+    if not IS_PYPY:
+        assert '   .. py:attribute:: CustomIter.__weakref__' not in actual
+        assert list_of_weak_references not in actual
+    assert '   .. py:method:: CustomIter.snafucate()' not in actual
+    assert '      Makes this snafucated.' not in actual
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_events.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_events.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0af254
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_events.py
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+"""Test the autodoc extension.  This tests mainly for autodoc events"""
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.ext.autodoc import between, cut_lines
+
+from tests.test_extensions.autodoc_util import do_autodoc
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_process_docstring(app):
+    def on_process_docstring(app, what, name, obj, options, lines):
+        lines.clear()
+        lines.append('my docstring')
+
+    app.connect('autodoc-process-docstring', on_process_docstring)
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.process_docstring.func')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: func()',
+        '   :module: target.process_docstring',
+        '',
+        '   my docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_process_docstring_for_nondatadescriptor(app):
+    def on_process_docstring(app, what, name, obj, options, lines):
+        raise
+
+    app.connect('autodoc-process-docstring', on_process_docstring)
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.AttCls.a1')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: AttCls.a1',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '   :value: hello world',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_cut_lines(app):
+    app.connect('autodoc-process-docstring',
+                cut_lines(2, 2, ['function']))
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.process_docstring.func')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: func()',
+        '   :module: target.process_docstring',
+        '',
+        '   second line',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_between(app):
+    app.connect('autodoc-process-docstring',
+                between('---', ['function']))
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.process_docstring.func')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: func()',
+        '   :module: target.process_docstring',
+        '',
+        '   second line',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_between_exclude(app):
+    app.connect('autodoc-process-docstring',
+                between('---', ['function'], exclude=True))
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.process_docstring.func')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: func()',
+        '   :module: target.process_docstring',
+        '',
+        '   first line',
+        '   third line',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_skip_module_member(app):
+    def autodoc_skip_member(app, what, name, obj, skip, options):
+        if name == "Class":
+            return True  # Skip "Class" class in __all__
+        elif name == "raises":
+            return False  # Show "raises()" function (not in __all__)
+        return None
+
+    app.connect('autodoc-skip-member', autodoc_skip_member)
+
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: raises(exc, func, *args, **kwds)',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '',
+        '   Raise AssertionError if ``func(*args, **kwds)`` does not raise *exc*.',
+        '',
+    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_mock.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_mock.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b90693
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_mock.py
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+"""Test the autodoc extension."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import abc
+import sys
+from importlib import import_module
+from typing import TypeVar
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.ext.autodoc.mock import _MockModule, _MockObject, ismock, mock, undecorate
+
+
+def test_MockModule():
+    mock = _MockModule('mocked_module')
+    assert isinstance(mock.some_attr, _MockObject)
+    assert isinstance(mock.some_method, _MockObject)
+    assert isinstance(mock.attr1.attr2, _MockObject)
+    assert isinstance(mock.attr1.attr2.meth(), _MockObject)
+
+    assert repr(mock.some_attr) == 'mocked_module.some_attr'
+    assert repr(mock.some_method) == 'mocked_module.some_method'
+    assert repr(mock.attr1.attr2) == 'mocked_module.attr1.attr2'
+    assert repr(mock.attr1.attr2.meth) == 'mocked_module.attr1.attr2.meth'
+
+    assert repr(mock) == 'mocked_module'
+
+
+def test_MockObject():
+    mock = _MockObject()
+    assert isinstance(mock.some_attr, _MockObject)
+    assert isinstance(mock.some_method, _MockObject)
+    assert isinstance(mock.attr1.attr2, _MockObject)
+    assert isinstance(mock.attr1.attr2.meth(), _MockObject)
+
+    # subclassing
+    class SubClass(mock.SomeClass):
+        """docstring of SubClass"""
+
+        def method(self):
+            return "string"
+
+    obj = SubClass()
+    assert SubClass.__doc__ == "docstring of SubClass"
+    assert isinstance(obj, SubClass)
+    assert obj.method() == "string"
+    assert isinstance(obj.other_method(), SubClass)
+
+    # parametrized type
+    T = TypeVar('T')
+
+    class SubClass2(mock.SomeClass[T]):
+        """docstring of SubClass"""
+
+    obj2 = SubClass2()
+    assert SubClass2.__doc__ == "docstring of SubClass"
+    assert isinstance(obj2, SubClass2)
+
+
+def test_mock():
+    modname = 'sphinx.unknown'
+    submodule = modname + '.submodule'
+    assert modname not in sys.modules
+    with pytest.raises(ImportError):
+        import_module(modname)
+
+    with mock([modname]):
+        import_module(modname)
+        assert modname in sys.modules
+        assert isinstance(sys.modules[modname], _MockModule)
+
+        # submodules are also mocked
+        import_module(submodule)
+        assert submodule in sys.modules
+        assert isinstance(sys.modules[submodule], _MockModule)
+
+    assert modname not in sys.modules
+    with pytest.raises(ImportError):
+        import_module(modname)
+
+
+def test_mock_does_not_follow_upper_modules():
+    with mock(['sphinx.unknown.module']):  # NoQA: SIM117
+        with pytest.raises(ImportError):
+            import_module('sphinx.unknown')
+
+
+def test_abc_MockObject():
+    mock = _MockObject()
+
+    class Base:
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __init__(self):
+            pass
+
+    class Derived(Base, mock.SubClass):
+        pass
+
+    obj = Derived()
+    assert isinstance(obj, Base)
+    assert isinstance(obj, _MockObject)
+    assert isinstance(obj.some_method(), Derived)
+
+
+def test_mock_decorator():
+    mock = _MockObject()
+
+    @mock.function_deco
+    def func():
+        pass
+
+    class Foo:
+        @mock.method_deco
+        def meth(self):
+            pass
+
+        @classmethod
+        @mock.method_deco
+        def class_meth(cls):
+            pass
+
+    @mock.class_deco
+    class Bar:
+        pass
+
+    @mock.funcion_deco(Foo)
+    class Baz:
+        pass
+
+    assert undecorate(func).__name__ == "func"
+    assert undecorate(Foo.meth).__name__ == "meth"
+    assert undecorate(Foo.class_meth).__name__ == "class_meth"
+    assert undecorate(Bar).__name__ == "Bar"
+    assert undecorate(Baz).__name__ == "Baz"
+
+
+def test_ismock():
+    with mock(['sphinx.unknown']):
+        mod1 = import_module('sphinx.unknown')
+        mod2 = import_module('sphinx.application')
+
+        class Inherited(mod1.Class):
+            pass
+
+        assert ismock(mod1) is True
+        assert ismock(mod1.Class) is True
+        assert ismock(mod1.submod.Class) is True
+        assert ismock(Inherited) is False
+
+        assert ismock(mod2) is False
+        assert ismock(mod2.Sphinx) is False
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_preserve_defaults.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_preserve_defaults.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1a00ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_preserve_defaults.py
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+"""Test the autodoc extension."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from tests.test_extensions.autodoc_util import do_autodoc
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_preserve_defaults': True})
+def test_preserve_defaults(app):
+    color = "0xFFFFFF"
+
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.preserve_defaults', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.preserve_defaults',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Class()',
+        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.clsmeth(name: str = CONSTANT, sentinel: ~typing.Any = '
+        'SENTINEL, now: ~datetime.datetime = datetime.now(), color: int = %s, *, '
+        'kwarg1, kwarg2=%s) -> None' % (color, color),
+        '      :module: target.preserve_defaults',
+        '      :classmethod:',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth(name: str = CONSTANT, sentinel: ~typing.Any = '
+        'SENTINEL, now: ~datetime.datetime = datetime.now(), color: int = %s, *, '
+        'kwarg1, kwarg2=%s) -> None' % (color, color),
+        '      :module: target.preserve_defaults',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: MultiLine()',
+        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: MultiLine.prop1',
+        '      :module: target.preserve_defaults',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: MultiLine.prop2',
+        '      :module: target.preserve_defaults',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: MultiLine.prop3',
+        '      :module: target.preserve_defaults',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: MultiLine.prop4',
+        '      :module: target.preserve_defaults',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: MultiLine.prop5',
+        '      :module: target.preserve_defaults',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: foo(name: str = CONSTANT, sentinel: ~typing.Any = SENTINEL, '
+        'now: ~datetime.datetime = datetime.now(), color: int = %s, *, kwarg1, '
+        'kwarg2=%s) -> None' % (color, color),
+        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: get_sentinel(custom=SENTINEL)',
+        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_preserve_defaults': True})
+def test_preserve_defaults_special_constructs(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs', options)
+
+    # * dataclasses.dataclass:
+    #   - __init__ source code is not available
+    #   - default values specified at class level are not discovered
+    #   - values wrapped in a field(...) expression cannot be analyzed
+    #     easily even if annotations were to be parsed
+    # * typing.NamedTuple:
+    #   - __init__ source code is not available
+    #   - default values specified at class level are not discovered
+    # * collections.namedtuple:
+    #   - default values are specified as "default=(d1, d2, ...)"
+    #
+    # In the future, it might be possible to find some additional default
+    # values by parsing the source code of the annotations but the task is
+    # rather complex.
+
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: DataClass('
+        'a: int, b: object = <object object>, c: list[int] = <factory>)',
+        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: DataClassNoInit()',
+        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: MyNamedTuple1('
+        'a: int, b: object = <object object>, c: list[int] = [1, 2, 3])',
+        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: MyNamedTuple1.a',
+        '      :module: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      Alias for field number 0',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: MyNamedTuple1.b',
+        '      :module: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
+        '      :type: object',
+        '',
+        '      Alias for field number 1',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: MyNamedTuple1.c',
+        '      :module: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
+        '      :type: list[int]',
+        '',
+        '      Alias for field number 2',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: MyNamedTuple2(a=0, b=<object object>)',
+        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: MyTypedDict',
+        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: SENTINEL',
+        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
+        '   :value: <object object>',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: foo(x, y, z=SENTINEL)',
+        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: ze_lambda(z=SENTINEL)',
+        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_private_members.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_private_members.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf14414
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autodoc_private_members.py
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+"""Test the autodoc extension.  This tests mainly for private-members option.
+"""
+
+import pytest
+
+from tests.test_extensions.autodoc_util import do_autodoc
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_private_field(app):
+    app.config.autoclass_content = 'class'
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.private', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.private',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: _PUBLIC_CONSTANT',
+        '   :module: target.private',
+        '   :value: None',
+        '',
+        '   :meta public:',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: _public_function(name)',
+        '   :module: target.private',
+        '',
+        '   public_function is a docstring().',
+        '',
+        '   :meta public:',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_private_field_and_private_members(app):
+    app.config.autoclass_content = 'class'
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "private-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.private', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.private',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: PRIVATE_CONSTANT',
+        '   :module: target.private',
+        '   :value: None',
+        '',
+        '   :meta private:',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: _PUBLIC_CONSTANT',
+        '   :module: target.private',
+        '   :value: None',
+        '',
+        '   :meta public:',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: _public_function(name)',
+        '   :module: target.private',
+        '',
+        '   public_function is a docstring().',
+        '',
+        '   :meta public:',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: private_function(name)',
+        '   :module: target.private',
+        '',
+        '   private_function is a docstring().',
+        '',
+        '   :meta private:',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_private_members(app):
+    app.config.autoclass_content = 'class'
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "private-members": "_PUBLIC_CONSTANT,_public_function"}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.private', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.private',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: _PUBLIC_CONSTANT',
+        '   :module: target.private',
+        '   :value: None',
+        '',
+        '   :meta public:',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: _public_function(name)',
+        '   :module: target.private',
+        '',
+        '   public_function is a docstring().',
+        '',
+        '   :meta public:',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_private_attributes(app):
+    app.config.autoclass_content = 'class'
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.private.Foo', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
+        '   :module: target.private',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo._public_attribute',
+        '      :module: target.private',
+        '      :value: 47',
+        '',
+        '      A public class attribute whose name starts with an underscore.',
+        '',
+        '      :meta public:',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_private_attributes_and_private_members(app):
+    app.config.autoclass_content = 'class'
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "private-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.private.Foo', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
+        '   :module: target.private',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo._public_attribute',
+        '      :module: target.private',
+        '      :value: 47',
+        '',
+        '      A public class attribute whose name starts with an underscore.',
+        '',
+        '      :meta public:',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.private_attribute',
+        '      :module: target.private',
+        '      :value: 11',
+        '',
+        '      A private class attribute whose name does not start with an underscore.',
+        '',
+        '      :meta private:',
+        '',
+    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autosectionlabel.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autosectionlabel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f854ecf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autosectionlabel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+"""Test sphinx.ext.autosectionlabel extension."""
+
+import re
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autosectionlabel')
+def test_autosectionlabel_html(app, status, warning, skipped_labels=False):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    html = ('<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#introduce-of-sphinx">'
+            '<span class=".*?">Introduce of Sphinx</span></a></p></li>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+    html = ('<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#installation">'
+            '<span class="std std-ref">Installation</span></a></p></li>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+    html = ('<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#for-windows-users">'
+            '<span class="std std-ref">For Windows users</span></a></p></li>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+    html = ('<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#for-unix-users">'
+            '<span class="std std-ref">For UNIX users</span></a></p></li>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+    html = ('<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#linux">'
+            '<span class="std std-ref">Linux</span></a></p></li>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+    html = ('<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#freebsd">'
+            '<span class="std std-ref">FreeBSD</span></a></p></li>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+    # for smart_quotes (refs: #4027)
+    html = ('<li><p><a class="reference internal" '
+            'href="#this-one-s-got-an-apostrophe">'
+            '<span class="std std-ref">This one’s got an apostrophe'
+            '</span></a></p></li>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+
+# Reuse test definition from above, just change the test root directory
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autosectionlabel-prefix-document')
+def test_autosectionlabel_prefix_document_html(app, status, warning):
+    test_autosectionlabel_html(app, status, warning)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autosectionlabel',
+                    confoverrides={'autosectionlabel_maxdepth': 3})
+def test_autosectionlabel_maxdepth(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # depth: 1
+    html = ('<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#test-ext-autosectionlabel">'
+            '<span class=".*?">test-ext-autosectionlabel</span></a></p></li>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+    # depth: 2
+    html = ('<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#installation">'
+            '<span class="std std-ref">Installation</span></a></p></li>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+    # depth: 3
+    html = ('<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#for-windows-users">'
+            '<span class="std std-ref">For Windows users</span></a></p></li>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+    # depth: 4
+    html = '<li><p><span class="xref std std-ref">Linux</span></p></li>'
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+    assert "WARNING: undefined label: 'linux'" in warning.getvalue()
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autosummary.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autosummary.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d761978
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_autosummary.py
@@ -0,0 +1,686 @@
+"""Test the autosummary extension."""
+
+import sys
+from io import StringIO
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.ext.autosummary import (
+    autosummary_table,
+    autosummary_toc,
+    extract_summary,
+    import_by_name,
+    mangle_signature,
+)
+from sphinx.ext.autosummary.generate import (
+    AutosummaryEntry,
+    generate_autosummary_content,
+    generate_autosummary_docs,
+)
+from sphinx.ext.autosummary.generate import main as autogen_main
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node, etree_parse
+from sphinx.util.docutils import new_document
+
+try:
+    from contextlib import chdir
+except ImportError:
+    from sphinx.util.osutil import _chdir as chdir
+
+html_warnfile = StringIO()
+
+
+default_kw = {
+    'testroot': 'autosummary',
+    'confoverrides': {
+        'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.autosummary'],
+        'autosummary_generate': True,
+        'autosummary_generate_overwrite': False,
+        'source_suffix': '.rst',
+    },
+}
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _unload_target_module():
+    sys.modules.pop('target', None)
+
+
+def test_mangle_signature():
+    TEST = """
+    () :: ()
+    (a, b, c, d, e) :: (a, b, c, d, e)
+    (a, b, c=1, d=2, e=3) :: (a, b[, c, d, e])
+    (a, b, aaa=1, bbb=1, ccc=1, eee=1, fff=1, ggg=1, hhh=1, iii=1, jjj=1)\
+    :: (a, b[, aaa, bbb, ccc, ...])
+    (a, b, c=(), d=<foo>) :: (a, b[, c, d])
+    (a, b, c='foobar()', d=123) :: (a, b[, c, d])
+    (a, b[, c]) :: (a, b[, c])
+    (a, b[, cxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx]) :: (a, b[, ...)
+    (a, b='c=d, e=f, g=h', c=3) :: (a[, b, c])
+    (a, b="c=d, e=f, g=h", c=3) :: (a[, b, c])
+    (a, b='c=d, \\'e=f,\\' g=h', c=3) :: (a[, b, c])
+    (a, b='c=d, ', e='\\\\' g=h, c=3) :: (a[, b, e, c])
+    (a, b={'c=d, ': 3, '\\\\': 3}) :: (a[, b])
+    (a=1, b=2, c=3) :: ([a, b, c])
+    (a=1, b=<SomeClass: a, b, c>, c=3) :: ([a, b, c])
+    (a=1, b=T(a=1, b=2), c=3) :: ([a, b, c])
+    (a: Tuple[int, str], b: int) -> str :: (a, b)
+    """
+
+    TEST = [[y.strip() for y in x.split("::")] for x in TEST.split("\n")
+            if '::' in x]
+    for inp, outp in TEST:
+        res = mangle_signature(inp).strip().replace("\u00a0", " ")
+        assert res == outp, (f"'{inp}' -> '{res}' != '{outp}'")
+
+
+def test_extract_summary(capsys):
+    settings = Mock(language_code='en',
+                    id_prefix='',
+                    auto_id_prefix='',
+                    pep_reference=False,
+                    rfc_reference=False)
+    document = new_document('', settings)
+
+    # normal case
+    doc = ['',
+           'This is a first sentence. And second one.',
+           '',
+           'Second block is here']
+    assert extract_summary(doc, document) == 'This is a first sentence.'
+
+    # inliner case
+    doc = ['This sentence contains *emphasis text having dots.*,',
+           'it does not break sentence.']
+    assert extract_summary(doc, document) == ' '.join(doc)
+
+    # abbreviations
+    doc = ['Blabla, i.e. bla.']
+    assert extract_summary(doc, document) == ' '.join(doc)
+
+    doc = ['Blabla, (i.e. bla).']
+    assert extract_summary(doc, document) == ' '.join(doc)
+
+    doc = ['Blabla, e.g. bla.']
+    assert extract_summary(doc, document) == ' '.join(doc)
+
+    doc = ['Blabla, (e.g. bla).']
+    assert extract_summary(doc, document) == ' '.join(doc)
+
+    doc = ['Blabla, et al. bla.']
+    assert extract_summary(doc, document) == ' '.join(doc)
+
+    # literal
+    doc = ['blah blah::']
+    assert extract_summary(doc, document) == 'blah blah.'
+
+    # heading
+    doc = ['blah blah',
+           '=========']
+    assert extract_summary(doc, document) == 'blah blah'
+
+    doc = ['=========',
+           'blah blah',
+           '=========']
+    assert extract_summary(doc, document) == 'blah blah'
+
+    # hyperlink target
+    doc = ['Do `this <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/>`_ and that. '
+           'blah blah blah.']
+    assert (extract_summary(doc, document) ==
+            'Do `this <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/>`_ and that.')
+
+    _, err = capsys.readouterr()
+    assert err == ''
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', **default_kw)
+def test_get_items_summary(make_app, app_params):
+    import sphinx.ext.autosummary
+    import sphinx.ext.autosummary.generate
+    args, kwargs = app_params
+    app = make_app(*args, **kwargs)
+    sphinx.ext.autosummary.generate.setup_documenters(app)
+    # monkey-patch Autosummary.get_items so we can easily get access to it's
+    # results..
+    orig_get_items = sphinx.ext.autosummary.Autosummary.get_items
+
+    autosummary_items = {}
+
+    def new_get_items(self, names, *args, **kwargs):
+        results = orig_get_items(self, names, *args, **kwargs)
+        for name, result in zip(names, results):
+            autosummary_items[name] = result  # NoQA: PERF403
+        return results
+
+    def handler(app, what, name, obj, options, lines):
+        assert isinstance(lines, list)
+
+        # ensure no docstring is processed twice:
+        assert 'THIS HAS BEEN HANDLED' not in lines
+        lines.append('THIS HAS BEEN HANDLED')
+    app.connect('autodoc-process-docstring', handler)
+
+    sphinx.ext.autosummary.Autosummary.get_items = new_get_items
+    try:
+        app.build(force_all=True)
+    finally:
+        sphinx.ext.autosummary.Autosummary.get_items = orig_get_items
+
+    html_warnings = app._warning.getvalue()
+    assert html_warnings == ''
+
+    expected_values = {
+        'withSentence': 'I have a sentence which spans multiple lines.',
+        'noSentence': "this doesn't start with a capital.",
+        'emptyLine': "This is the real summary",
+        'module_attr': 'This is a module attribute',
+        'C.class_attr': 'This is a class attribute',
+        'C.instance_attr': 'This is an instance attribute',
+        'C.prop_attr1': 'This is a function docstring',
+        'C.prop_attr2': 'This is a attribute docstring',
+        'C.C2': 'This is a nested inner class docstring',
+    }
+    for key, expected in expected_values.items():
+        assert autosummary_items[key][2] == expected, 'Summary for %s was %r -'\
+            ' expected %r' % (key, autosummary_items[key], expected)
+
+    # check an item in detail
+    assert 'func' in autosummary_items
+    func_attrs = ('func',
+                  '(arg_, *args, **kwargs)',
+                  'Test function take an argument ended with underscore.',
+                  'dummy_module.func')
+    assert autosummary_items['func'] == func_attrs
+
+
+def str_content(elem):
+    if elem.text is not None:
+        return elem.text
+    else:
+        return ''.join(str_content(e) for e in elem)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', **default_kw)
+def test_escaping(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    outdir = Path(app.builder.outdir)
+
+    docpage = outdir / 'underscore_module_.xml'
+    assert docpage.exists()
+
+    title = etree_parse(docpage).find('section/title')
+
+    assert str_content(title) == 'underscore_module_'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-autosummary')
+def test_autosummary_generate_content_for_module(app):
+    import autosummary_dummy_module
+    template = Mock()
+
+    generate_autosummary_content('autosummary_dummy_module', autosummary_dummy_module, None,
+                                 template, None, False, app, False, {})
+    assert template.render.call_args[0][0] == 'module'
+
+    context = template.render.call_args[0][1]
+    assert context['members'] == ['CONSTANT1', 'CONSTANT2', 'Exc', 'Foo', '_Baz', '_Exc',
+                                  '__all__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__',
+                                  '__file__', '__name__', '__package__', '_quux', 'bar',
+                                  'non_imported_member', 'quuz', 'qux']
+    assert context['functions'] == ['bar']
+    assert context['all_functions'] == ['_quux', 'bar']
+    assert context['classes'] == ['Foo']
+    assert context['all_classes'] == ['Foo', '_Baz']
+    assert context['exceptions'] == ['Exc']
+    assert context['all_exceptions'] == ['Exc', '_Exc']
+    assert context['attributes'] == ['CONSTANT1', 'qux', 'quuz', 'non_imported_member']
+    assert context['all_attributes'] == ['CONSTANT1', 'qux', 'quuz', 'non_imported_member']
+    assert context['fullname'] == 'autosummary_dummy_module'
+    assert context['module'] == 'autosummary_dummy_module'
+    assert context['objname'] == ''
+    assert context['name'] == ''
+    assert context['objtype'] == 'module'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-autosummary')
+def test_autosummary_generate_content_for_module___all__(app):
+    import autosummary_dummy_module
+    template = Mock()
+    app.config.autosummary_ignore_module_all = False
+
+    generate_autosummary_content('autosummary_dummy_module', autosummary_dummy_module, None,
+                                 template, None, False, app, False, {})
+    assert template.render.call_args[0][0] == 'module'
+
+    context = template.render.call_args[0][1]
+    assert context['members'] == ['CONSTANT1', 'Exc', 'Foo', '_Baz', 'bar', 'qux', 'path']
+    assert context['functions'] == ['bar']
+    assert context['all_functions'] == ['bar']
+    assert context['classes'] == ['Foo']
+    assert context['all_classes'] == ['Foo', '_Baz']
+    assert context['exceptions'] == ['Exc']
+    assert context['all_exceptions'] == ['Exc']
+    assert context['attributes'] == ['CONSTANT1', 'qux']
+    assert context['all_attributes'] == ['CONSTANT1', 'qux']
+    assert context['fullname'] == 'autosummary_dummy_module'
+    assert context['module'] == 'autosummary_dummy_module'
+    assert context['objname'] == ''
+    assert context['name'] == ''
+    assert context['objtype'] == 'module'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-autosummary')
+def test_autosummary_generate_content_for_module_skipped(app):
+    import autosummary_dummy_module
+    template = Mock()
+
+    def skip_member(app, what, name, obj, skip, options):
+        if name in ('Foo', 'bar', 'Exc'):
+            return True
+        return None
+
+    app.connect('autodoc-skip-member', skip_member)
+    generate_autosummary_content('autosummary_dummy_module', autosummary_dummy_module, None,
+                                 template, None, False, app, False, {})
+    context = template.render.call_args[0][1]
+    assert context['members'] == ['CONSTANT1', 'CONSTANT2', '_Baz', '_Exc', '__all__',
+                                  '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__',
+                                  '__name__', '__package__', '_quux', 'non_imported_member',
+                                  'quuz', 'qux']
+    assert context['functions'] == []
+    assert context['classes'] == []
+    assert context['exceptions'] == []
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-autosummary')
+def test_autosummary_generate_content_for_module_imported_members(app):
+    import autosummary_dummy_module
+    template = Mock()
+
+    generate_autosummary_content('autosummary_dummy_module', autosummary_dummy_module, None,
+                                 template, None, True, app, False, {})
+    assert template.render.call_args[0][0] == 'module'
+
+    context = template.render.call_args[0][1]
+    assert context['members'] == ['CONSTANT1', 'CONSTANT2', 'Class', 'Exc', 'Foo', 'Union',
+                                  '_Baz', '_Exc', '__all__', '__builtins__', '__cached__',
+                                  '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__',
+                                  '__package__', '__spec__', '_quux', 'bar',
+                                  'considered_as_imported', 'non_imported_member', 'path',
+                                  'quuz', 'qux']
+    assert context['functions'] == ['bar']
+    assert context['all_functions'] == ['_quux', 'bar']
+    assert context['classes'] == ['Class', 'Foo']
+    assert context['all_classes'] == ['Class', 'Foo', '_Baz']
+    assert context['exceptions'] == ['Exc']
+    assert context['all_exceptions'] == ['Exc', '_Exc']
+    assert context['attributes'] == ['CONSTANT1', 'qux', 'quuz', 'non_imported_member']
+    assert context['all_attributes'] == ['CONSTANT1', 'qux', 'quuz', 'non_imported_member']
+    assert context['fullname'] == 'autosummary_dummy_module'
+    assert context['module'] == 'autosummary_dummy_module'
+    assert context['objname'] == ''
+    assert context['name'] == ''
+    assert context['objtype'] == 'module'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-autosummary')
+def test_autosummary_generate_content_for_module_imported_members_inherited_module(app):
+    import autosummary_dummy_inherited_module
+    template = Mock()
+
+    generate_autosummary_content('autosummary_dummy_inherited_module',
+                                 autosummary_dummy_inherited_module, None,
+                                 template, None, True, app, False, {})
+    assert template.render.call_args[0][0] == 'module'
+
+    context = template.render.call_args[0][1]
+    assert context['members'] == ['Foo', 'InheritedAttrClass', '__all__', '__builtins__', '__cached__',
+                                  '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__',
+                                  '__package__', '__spec__']
+    assert context['functions'] == []
+    assert context['classes'] == ['Foo', 'InheritedAttrClass']
+    assert context['exceptions'] == []
+    assert context['all_exceptions'] == []
+    assert context['attributes'] == []
+    assert context['all_attributes'] == []
+    assert context['fullname'] == 'autosummary_dummy_inherited_module'
+    assert context['module'] == 'autosummary_dummy_inherited_module'
+    assert context['objname'] == ''
+    assert context['name'] == ''
+    assert context['objtype'] == 'module'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autosummary')
+def test_autosummary_generate(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('index')
+    assert_node(doctree, (nodes.paragraph,
+                          nodes.paragraph,
+                          addnodes.tabular_col_spec,
+                          autosummary_table,
+                          [autosummary_toc, addnodes.toctree]))
+    assert_node(doctree[3],
+                [autosummary_table, nodes.table, nodes.tgroup, (nodes.colspec,
+                                                                nodes.colspec,
+                                                                [nodes.tbody, (nodes.row,
+                                                                               nodes.row,
+                                                                               nodes.row,
+                                                                               nodes.row,
+                                                                               nodes.row,
+                                                                               nodes.row,
+                                                                               nodes.row,
+                                                                               nodes.row)])])
+    assert_node(doctree[4][0], addnodes.toctree, caption="An autosummary")
+
+    assert len(doctree[3][0][0][2]) == 8
+    assert doctree[3][0][0][2][0].astext() == 'autosummary_dummy_module\n\n'
+    assert doctree[3][0][0][2][1].astext() == 'autosummary_dummy_module.Foo()\n\n'
+    assert doctree[3][0][0][2][2].astext() == 'autosummary_dummy_module.Foo.Bar()\n\n'
+    assert doctree[3][0][0][2][3].astext() == 'autosummary_dummy_module.Foo.value\n\ndocstring'
+    assert doctree[3][0][0][2][4].astext() == 'autosummary_dummy_module.bar(x[, y])\n\n'
+    assert doctree[3][0][0][2][5].astext() == 'autosummary_dummy_module.qux\n\na module-level attribute'
+    assert doctree[3][0][0][2][6].astext() == 'autosummary_dummy_inherited_module.InheritedAttrClass()\n\n'
+    assert doctree[3][0][0][2][7].astext() == 'autosummary_dummy_inherited_module.InheritedAttrClass.subclassattr\n\nother docstring'
+
+    module = (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    assert ('   .. autosummary::\n'
+            '   \n'
+            '      Foo\n'
+            '   \n' in module)
+    assert ('   .. autosummary::\n'
+            '   \n'
+            '      CONSTANT1\n'
+            '      qux\n'
+            '      quuz\n'
+            '      non_imported_member\n'
+            '   \n' in module)
+
+    Foo = (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.Foo.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '.. automethod:: __init__' in Foo
+    assert ('   .. autosummary::\n'
+            '   \n'
+            '      ~Foo.__init__\n'
+            '      ~Foo.bar\n'
+            '   \n' in Foo)
+    assert ('   .. autosummary::\n'
+            '   \n'
+            '      ~Foo.CONSTANT3\n'
+            '      ~Foo.CONSTANT4\n'
+            '      ~Foo.baz\n'
+            '      ~Foo.value\n'
+            '   \n' in Foo)
+
+    FooBar = (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.Foo.Bar.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('.. currentmodule:: autosummary_dummy_module\n'
+            '\n'
+            '.. autoclass:: Foo.Bar\n' in FooBar)
+
+    Foo_value = (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.Foo.value.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('.. currentmodule:: autosummary_dummy_module\n'
+            '\n'
+            '.. autoattribute:: Foo.value' in Foo_value)
+
+    qux = (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.qux.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('.. currentmodule:: autosummary_dummy_module\n'
+            '\n'
+            '.. autodata:: qux' in qux)
+
+    InheritedAttrClass = (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_inherited_module.InheritedAttrClass.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(InheritedAttrClass)
+    assert '.. automethod:: __init__' in Foo
+    assert ('   .. autosummary::\n'
+            '   \n'
+            '      ~InheritedAttrClass.__init__\n'
+            '      ~InheritedAttrClass.bar\n'
+            '   \n' in InheritedAttrClass)
+    assert ('   .. autosummary::\n'
+            '   \n'
+            '      ~InheritedAttrClass.CONSTANT3\n'
+            '      ~InheritedAttrClass.CONSTANT4\n'
+            '      ~InheritedAttrClass.baz\n'
+            '      ~InheritedAttrClass.subclassattr\n'
+            '      ~InheritedAttrClass.value\n'
+            '   \n' in InheritedAttrClass)
+
+    InheritedAttrClass_subclassattr = (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_inherited_module.InheritedAttrClass.subclassattr.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('.. currentmodule:: autosummary_dummy_inherited_module\n'
+            '\n'
+            '.. autoattribute:: InheritedAttrClass.subclassattr' in InheritedAttrClass_subclassattr)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autosummary',
+                    confoverrides={'autosummary_generate_overwrite': False})
+def test_autosummary_generate_overwrite1(app_params, make_app):
+    args, kwargs = app_params
+    srcdir = kwargs.get('srcdir')
+
+    (srcdir / 'generated').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.rst').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+
+    app = make_app(*args, **kwargs)
+    content = (srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert content == ''
+    assert 'autosummary_dummy_module.rst' not in app._warning.getvalue()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autosummary',
+                    confoverrides={'autosummary_generate_overwrite': True})
+def test_autosummary_generate_overwrite2(app_params, make_app):
+    args, kwargs = app_params
+    srcdir = kwargs.get('srcdir')
+
+    (srcdir / 'generated').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.rst').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+
+    app = make_app(*args, **kwargs)
+    content = (srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert content != ''
+    assert 'autosummary_dummy_module.rst' not in app._warning.getvalue()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autosummary-recursive')
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("rollback_sysmodules")
+def test_autosummary_recursive(app, status, warning):
+    sys.modules.pop('package', None)  # unload target module to clear the module cache
+
+    app.build()
+
+    # autosummary having :recursive: option
+    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package.rst').exists()
+    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package.module.rst').exists()
+    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package.module_importfail.rst').exists() is False
+    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package.package.rst').exists()
+    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package.package.module.rst').exists()
+
+    # autosummary not having :recursive: option
+    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package2.rst').exists()
+    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package2.module.rst').exists() is False
+
+    # Check content of recursively generated stub-files
+    content = (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'package.module' in content
+    assert 'package.package' in content
+    assert 'package.module_importfail' in content
+
+    content = (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package.package.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'package.package.module' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autosummary-recursive',
+                    srcdir='test_autosummary_recursive_skips_mocked_modules',
+                    confoverrides={'autosummary_mock_imports': ['package.package']})
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("rollback_sysmodules")
+def test_autosummary_recursive_skips_mocked_modules(app, status, warning):
+    sys.modules.pop('package', None)  # unload target module to clear the module cache
+    app.build()
+
+    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package.rst').exists()
+    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package.module.rst').exists()
+    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package.package.rst').exists() is False
+    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package.package.module.rst').exists() is False
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autosummary-filename-map')
+def test_autosummary_filename_map(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'module_mangled.rst').exists()
+    assert not (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.rst').exists()
+    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'bar.rst').exists()
+    assert not (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.bar.rst').exists()
+    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.Foo.rst').exists()
+
+    html_warnings = app._warning.getvalue()
+    assert html_warnings == ''
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', **default_kw)
+def test_autosummary_latex_table_colspec(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert r'\begin{longtable}{\X{1}{2}\X{1}{2}}' in result
+    assert r'p{0.5\linewidth}' not in result
+
+
+def test_import_by_name():
+    import sphinx
+    import sphinx.ext.autosummary
+
+    prefixed_name, obj, parent, modname = import_by_name('sphinx')
+    assert prefixed_name == 'sphinx'
+    assert obj is sphinx
+    assert parent is None
+    assert modname == 'sphinx'
+
+    prefixed_name, obj, parent, modname = import_by_name('sphinx.ext.autosummary.__name__')
+    assert prefixed_name == 'sphinx.ext.autosummary.__name__'
+    assert obj is sphinx.ext.autosummary.__name__
+    assert parent is sphinx.ext.autosummary
+    assert modname == 'sphinx.ext.autosummary'
+
+    prefixed_name, obj, parent, modname = \
+        import_by_name('sphinx.ext.autosummary.Autosummary.get_items')
+    assert prefixed_name == 'sphinx.ext.autosummary.Autosummary.get_items'
+    assert obj == sphinx.ext.autosummary.Autosummary.get_items
+    assert parent is sphinx.ext.autosummary.Autosummary
+    assert modname == 'sphinx.ext.autosummary'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autosummary-mock_imports')
+def test_autosummary_mock_imports(app, status, warning):
+    try:
+        app.build()
+        assert warning.getvalue() == ''
+
+        # generated/foo is generated successfully
+        assert app.env.get_doctree('generated/foo')
+    finally:
+        sys.modules.pop('foo', None)  # unload foo module
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autosummary-imported_members')
+def test_autosummary_imported_members(app, status, warning):
+    try:
+        app.build()
+        # generated/foo is generated successfully
+        assert app.env.get_doctree('generated/autosummary_dummy_package')
+
+        module = (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_package.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+        assert ('   .. autosummary::\n'
+                '   \n'
+                '      Bar\n'
+                '   \n' in module)
+        assert ('   .. autosummary::\n'
+                '   \n'
+                '      foo\n'
+                '   \n' in module)
+    finally:
+        sys.modules.pop('autosummary_dummy_package', None)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autosummary-module_all')
+def test_autosummary_module_all(app, status, warning):
+    try:
+        app.build()
+        # generated/foo is generated successfully
+        assert app.env.get_doctree('generated/autosummary_dummy_package_all')
+        module = (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_package_all.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+        assert ('   .. autosummary::\n'
+                '   \n'
+                '      PublicBar\n'
+                '   \n' in module)
+        assert ('   .. autosummary::\n'
+                '   \n'
+                '      public_foo\n'
+                '      public_baz\n'
+                '   \n' in module)
+        assert ('.. autosummary::\n'
+                '   :toctree:\n'
+                '   :recursive:\n\n'
+                '   autosummary_dummy_package_all.extra_dummy_module\n\n' in module)
+    finally:
+        sys.modules.pop('autosummary_dummy_package_all', None)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.autosummary']})
+def test_generate_autosummary_docs_property(app):
+    with patch('sphinx.ext.autosummary.generate.find_autosummary_in_files') as mock:
+        mock.return_value = [AutosummaryEntry('target.methods.Base.prop', 'prop', None, False)]
+        generate_autosummary_docs([], output_dir=app.srcdir, app=app)
+
+    content = (app.srcdir / 'target.methods.Base.prop.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert content == ("target.methods.Base.prop\n"
+                       "========================\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. currentmodule:: target.methods\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. autoproperty:: Base.prop")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-autosummary-skip-member')
+def test_autosummary_skip_member(app):
+    app.build()
+
+    content = (app.srcdir / 'generate' / 'target.Foo.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'Foo.skipmeth' not in content
+    assert 'Foo._privatemeth' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-autosummary-template')
+def test_autosummary_template(app):
+    app.build()
+
+    content = (app.srcdir / 'generate' / 'target.Foo.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'EMPTY' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autosummary',
+                    confoverrides={'autosummary_generate': []})
+def test_empty_autosummary_generate(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    assert ("WARNING: autosummary: failed to import autosummary_importfail"
+            in warning.getvalue())
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autosummary',
+                    confoverrides={'autosummary_generate': ['unknown']})
+def test_invalid_autosummary_generate(app, status, warning):
+    assert 'WARNING: autosummary_generate: file not found: unknown.rst' in warning.getvalue()
+
+
+def test_autogen(rootdir, tmp_path):
+    with chdir(rootdir / 'test-templating'):
+        args = ['-o', str(tmp_path), '-t', '.', 'autosummary_templating.txt']
+        autogen_main(args)
+        assert (tmp_path / 'sphinx.application.TemplateBridge.rst').exists()
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_coverage.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_coverage.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9e9ba9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_coverage.py
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+"""Test the coverage builder."""
+
+import pickle
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('coverage')
+def test_build(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    py_undoc = (app.outdir / 'python.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert py_undoc.startswith('Undocumented Python objects\n'
+                               '===========================\n')
+    assert 'autodoc_target\n--------------\n' in py_undoc
+    assert ' * Class -- missing methods:\n' in py_undoc
+    assert ' * raises\n' in py_undoc
+    assert ' * function\n' not in py_undoc  # these two are documented
+    assert ' * Class\n' not in py_undoc     # in autodoc.txt
+
+    assert " * mod -- No module named 'mod'" in py_undoc  # in the "failed import" section
+
+    assert "undocumented  py" not in status.getvalue()
+
+    c_undoc = (app.outdir / 'c.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert c_undoc.startswith('Undocumented C API elements\n'
+                              '===========================\n')
+    assert 'api.h' in c_undoc
+    assert ' * Py_SphinxTest' in c_undoc
+
+    undoc_py, undoc_c, py_undocumented, py_documented = pickle.loads((app.outdir / 'undoc.pickle').read_bytes())
+    assert len(undoc_c) == 1
+    # the key is the full path to the header file, which isn't testable
+    assert list(undoc_c.values())[0] == {('function', 'Py_SphinxTest')}
+
+    assert 'autodoc_target' in undoc_py
+    assert 'funcs' in undoc_py['autodoc_target']
+    assert 'raises' in undoc_py['autodoc_target']['funcs']
+    assert 'classes' in undoc_py['autodoc_target']
+    assert 'Class' in undoc_py['autodoc_target']['classes']
+    assert 'undocmeth' in undoc_py['autodoc_target']['classes']['Class']
+
+    assert "undocumented  c" not in status.getvalue()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('coverage', testroot='ext-coverage')
+def test_coverage_ignore_pyobjects(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    actual = (app.outdir / 'python.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expected = '''\
+Undocumented Python objects
+===========================
+
+Statistics
+----------
+
++----------------------+----------+--------------+
+| Module               | Coverage | Undocumented |
++======================+==========+==============+
+| coverage_not_ignored | 0.00%    | 2            |
++----------------------+----------+--------------+
+| TOTAL                | 0.00%    | 2            |
++----------------------+----------+--------------+
+
+coverage_not_ignored
+--------------------
+
+Classes:
+ * Documented -- missing methods:
+
+   - not_ignored1
+   - not_ignored2
+ * NotIgnored
+
+'''
+    assert actual == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('coverage', confoverrides={'coverage_show_missing_items': True})
+def test_show_missing_items(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    assert "undocumented" in status.getvalue()
+
+    assert "py  function  raises" in status.getvalue()
+    assert "py  class     Base" in status.getvalue()
+    assert "py  method    Class.roger" in status.getvalue()
+
+    assert "c   api       Py_SphinxTest [ function]" in status.getvalue()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('coverage', confoverrides={'coverage_show_missing_items': True})
+def test_show_missing_items_quiet(app, status, warning):
+    app.quiet = True
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    assert "undocumented python function: autodoc_target :: raises" in warning.getvalue()
+    assert "undocumented python class: autodoc_target :: Base" in warning.getvalue()
+    assert "undocumented python method: autodoc_target :: Class :: roger" in warning.getvalue()
+
+    assert "undocumented c api: Py_SphinxTest [function]" in warning.getvalue()
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_doctest.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_doctest.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab0dd62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_doctest.py
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+"""Test the doctest extension."""
+import os
+from collections import Counter
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+from packaging.specifiers import InvalidSpecifier
+from packaging.version import InvalidVersion
+
+from sphinx.ext.doctest import is_allowed_version
+
+cleanup_called = 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('doctest', testroot='ext-doctest')
+def test_build(app, status, warning):
+    global cleanup_called
+    cleanup_called = 0
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    assert app.statuscode == 0, f'failures in doctests:\n{status.getvalue()}'
+    # in doctest.txt, there are two named groups and the default group,
+    # so the cleanup function must be called three times
+    assert cleanup_called == 3, 'testcleanup did not get executed enough times'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-doctest')
+def test_highlight_language_default(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('doctest')
+    for node in doctree.findall(nodes.literal_block):
+        assert node['language'] in {'python', 'pycon', 'none'}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-doctest',
+                    confoverrides={'highlight_language': 'python'})
+def test_highlight_language_python3(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('doctest')
+    for node in doctree.findall(nodes.literal_block):
+        assert node['language'] in {'python', 'pycon', 'none'}
+
+
+def test_is_allowed_version():
+    assert is_allowed_version('<3.4', '3.3') is True
+    assert is_allowed_version('<3.4', '3.3') is True
+    assert is_allowed_version('<3.2', '3.3') is False
+    assert is_allowed_version('<=3.4', '3.3') is True
+    assert is_allowed_version('<=3.2', '3.3') is False
+    assert is_allowed_version('==3.3', '3.3') is True
+    assert is_allowed_version('==3.4', '3.3') is False
+    assert is_allowed_version('>=3.2', '3.3') is True
+    assert is_allowed_version('>=3.4', '3.3') is False
+    assert is_allowed_version('>3.2', '3.3') is True
+    assert is_allowed_version('>3.4', '3.3') is False
+    assert is_allowed_version('~=3.4', '3.4.5') is True
+    assert is_allowed_version('~=3.4', '3.5.0') is True
+
+    # invalid spec
+    with pytest.raises(InvalidSpecifier):
+        is_allowed_version('&3.4', '3.5')
+
+    # invalid version
+    with pytest.raises(InvalidVersion):
+        is_allowed_version('>3.4', 'Sphinx')
+
+
+def cleanup_call():
+    global cleanup_called
+    cleanup_called += 1
+
+
+recorded_calls = Counter()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('doctest', testroot='ext-doctest-skipif')
+def test_skipif(app, status, warning):
+    """Tests for the :skipif: option
+
+    The tests are separated into a different test root directory since the
+    ``app`` object only evaluates options once in its lifetime. If these tests
+    were combined with the other doctest tests, the ``:skipif:`` evaluations
+    would be recorded only on the first ``app.build(force_all=True)`` run, i.e.
+    in ``test_build`` above, and the assertion below would fail.
+
+    """
+    global recorded_calls
+    recorded_calls = Counter()
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    if app.statuscode != 0:
+        raise AssertionError('failures in doctests:' + status.getvalue())
+    # The `:skipif:` expressions are always run.
+    # Actual tests and setup/cleanup code is only run if the `:skipif:`
+    # expression evaluates to a False value.
+    # Global setup/cleanup are run before/after evaluating the `:skipif:`
+    # option in each directive - thus 11 additional invocations for each on top
+    # of the ones made for the whole test file.
+    assert recorded_calls == {('doctest_global_setup', 'body', True): 13,
+                              ('testsetup', ':skipif:', True): 1,
+                              ('testsetup', ':skipif:', False): 1,
+                              ('testsetup', 'body', False): 1,
+                              ('doctest', ':skipif:', True): 1,
+                              ('doctest', ':skipif:', False): 1,
+                              ('doctest', 'body', False): 1,
+                              ('testcode', ':skipif:', True): 1,
+                              ('testcode', ':skipif:', False): 1,
+                              ('testcode', 'body', False): 1,
+                              ('testoutput-1', ':skipif:', True): 1,
+                              ('testoutput-2', ':skipif:', True): 1,
+                              ('testoutput-2', ':skipif:', False): 1,
+                              ('testcleanup', ':skipif:', True): 1,
+                              ('testcleanup', ':skipif:', False): 1,
+                              ('testcleanup', 'body', False): 1,
+                              ('doctest_global_cleanup', 'body', True): 13}
+
+
+def record(directive, part, should_skip):
+    recorded_calls[(directive, part, should_skip)] += 1
+    return f'Recorded {directive} {part} {should_skip}'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('doctest', testroot='ext-doctest-with-autodoc')
+def test_reporting_with_autodoc(app, status, warning, capfd):
+    # Patch builder to get a copy of the output
+    written = []
+    app.builder._warn_out = written.append
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    failures = [line.replace(os.sep, '/')
+                for line in '\n'.join(written).splitlines()
+                if line.startswith('File')]
+
+    assert 'File "dir/inner.rst", line 1, in default' in failures
+    assert 'File "dir/bar.py", line ?, in default' in failures
+    assert 'File "foo.py", line ?, in default' in failures
+    assert 'File "index.rst", line 4, in default' in failures
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_duration.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_duration.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4fa4dfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_duration.py
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+"""Test sphinx.ext.duration extension."""
+
+import re
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.duration']})
+def test_githubpages(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    assert 'slowest reading durations' in status.getvalue()
+    assert re.search('\\d+\\.\\d{3} index\n', status.getvalue())
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_extlinks.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_extlinks.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7634db6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_extlinks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-extlinks-hardcoded-urls',
+                    confoverrides={'extlinks_detect_hardcoded_links': False})
+def test_extlinks_detect_candidates(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    assert warning.getvalue() == ''
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-extlinks-hardcoded-urls')
+def test_replaceable_uris_emit_extlinks_warnings(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    warning_output = warning.getvalue()
+
+    # there should be exactly three warnings for replaceable URLs
+    message = (
+        "index.rst:%d: WARNING: hardcoded link 'https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/1' "
+        "could be replaced by an extlink (try using '%s' instead)"
+    )
+    assert message % (11, ":issue:`1`") in warning_output
+    assert message % (13, ":issue:`inline replaceable link <1>`") in warning_output
+    assert message % (15, ":issue:`replaceable link <1>`") in warning_output
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-extlinks-hardcoded-urls-multiple-replacements')
+def test_all_replacements_suggested_if_multiple_replacements_possible(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    warning_output = warning.getvalue()
+    # there should be six warnings for replaceable URLs, three pairs per link
+    assert warning_output.count("WARNING: hardcoded link") == 6
+    message = (
+        "index.rst:%d: WARNING: hardcoded link 'https://github.com/octocat' "
+        "could be replaced by an extlink (try using '%s' instead)"
+    )
+    assert message % (14, ":user:`octocat`") in warning_output
+    assert message % (16, ":user:`inline replaceable link <octocat>`") in warning_output
+    assert message % (18, ":user:`replaceable link <octocat>`") in warning_output
+    message = (
+        "index.rst:%d: WARNING: hardcoded link 'https://github.com/octocat' "
+        "could be replaced by an extlink (try using '%s' instead)"
+    )
+    assert message % (14, ":repo:`octocat`") in warning_output
+    assert message % (16, ":repo:`inline replaceable link <octocat>`") in warning_output
+    assert message % (18, ":repo:`replaceable link <octocat>`") in warning_output
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_githubpages.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_githubpages.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..879b6d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_githubpages.py
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+"""Test sphinx.ext.githubpages extension."""
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-githubpages')
+def test_githubpages(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    assert (app.outdir / '.nojekyll').exists()
+    assert not (app.outdir / 'CNAME').exists()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-githubpages',
+                    confoverrides={'html_baseurl': 'https://sphinx-doc.github.io'})
+def test_no_cname_for_github_io_domain(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    assert (app.outdir / '.nojekyll').exists()
+    assert not (app.outdir / 'CNAME').exists()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-githubpages',
+                    confoverrides={'html_baseurl': 'https://sphinx-doc.org'})
+def test_cname_for_custom_domain(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    assert (app.outdir / '.nojekyll').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / 'CNAME').read_text(encoding='utf8') == 'sphinx-doc.org'
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_graphviz.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_graphviz.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..866a92a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_graphviz.py
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+"""Test sphinx.ext.graphviz extension."""
+
+import re
+import sys
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.ext.graphviz import ClickableMapDefinition
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-graphviz')
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures('if_graphviz_found')
+def test_graphviz_png_html(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    html = (r'<figure class="align-default" .*?>\s*'
+            r'<div class="graphviz"><img .*?/></div>\s*<figcaption>\s*'
+            r'<p><span class="caption-text">caption of graph</span>.*</p>\s*'
+            r'</figcaption>\s*</figure>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+    html = 'Hello <div class="graphviz"><img .*?/></div>\n graphviz world'
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+    html = ('<img src=".*?" alt="digraph foo {\nbaz -&gt; qux\n}" '
+            'class="graphviz neato-graph" />')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+    html = (r'<figure class="align-right" .*?>\s*'
+            r'<div class="graphviz"><img .*?/></div>\s*<figcaption>\s*'
+            r'<p><span class="caption-text">on <em>right</em></span>.*</p>\s*'
+            r'</figcaption>\s*</figure>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+    html = (r'<div align=\"center\" class=\"align-center\">'
+            r'<div class="graphviz"><img src=\".*\.png\" alt=\"digraph foo {\n'
+            r'centered\n'
+            r'}\" class="graphviz" /></div>\n</div>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-graphviz',
+                    confoverrides={'graphviz_output_format': 'svg'})
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures('if_graphviz_found')
+def test_graphviz_svg_html(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    html = (r'<figure class=\"align-default\" .*?>\n'
+            r'<div class="graphviz"><object data=\".*\.svg\".*>\n'
+            r'\s*<p class=\"warning\">digraph foo {\n'
+            r'bar -&gt; baz\n'
+            r'}</p></object></div>\n'
+            r'<figcaption>\n'
+            r'<p><span class=\"caption-text\">caption of graph</span>.*</p>\n'
+            r'</figcaption>\n'
+            r'</figure>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+    html = (r'Hello <div class="graphviz"><object.*>\n'
+            r'\s*<p class=\"warning\">graph</p></object></div>\n'
+            r' graphviz world')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+    html = (r'<figure class=\"align-right\" .*\>\n'
+            r'<div class="graphviz"><object data=\".*\.svg\".*>\n'
+            r'\s*<p class=\"warning\">digraph bar {\n'
+            r'foo -&gt; bar\n'
+            r'}</p></object></div>\n'
+            r'<figcaption>\n'
+            r'<p><span class=\"caption-text\">on <em>right</em></span>.*</p>\n'
+            r'</figcaption>\n'
+            r'</figure>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+    html = (r'<div align=\"center\" class=\"align-center\">'
+            r'<div class="graphviz"><object data=\".*\.svg\".*>\n'
+            r'\s*<p class=\"warning\">digraph foo {\n'
+            r'centered\n'
+            r'}</p></object></div>\n'
+            r'</div>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+    image_re = r'.*data="([^"]+)".*?digraph test'
+    image_path_match = re.search(image_re, content, re.DOTALL)
+    assert image_path_match
+
+    image_path = image_path_match.group(1)
+    image_content = (app.outdir / image_path).read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    if sys.platform == 'win32':
+        assert '".\\_static\\' not in image_content
+        assert r'<ns0:image ns1:href="..\_static\images\test.svg"' in image_content
+        assert r'<ns0:a ns1:href="..\_static\images\test.svg"' in image_content
+    else:
+        assert '"./_static/' not in image_content
+        assert '<ns0:image ns1:href="../_static/images/test.svg"' in image_content
+        assert '<ns0:a ns1:href="../_static/images/test.svg"' in image_content
+    assert '<ns0:a ns1:href="..#graphviz"' in image_content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='ext-graphviz')
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures('if_graphviz_found')
+def test_graphviz_latex(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    macro = ('\\\\begin{figure}\\[htbp\\]\n\\\\centering\n\\\\capstart\n\n'
+             '\\\\sphinxincludegraphics\\[\\]{graphviz-\\w+.pdf}\n'
+             '\\\\caption{caption of graph}\\\\label{.*}\\\\end{figure}')
+    assert re.search(macro, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+    macro = 'Hello \\\\sphinxincludegraphics\\[\\]{graphviz-\\w+.pdf} graphviz world'
+    assert re.search(macro, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+    macro = ('\\\\begin{wrapfigure}{r}{0pt}\n\\\\centering\n'
+             '\\\\sphinxincludegraphics\\[\\]{graphviz-\\w+.pdf}\n'
+             '\\\\caption{on \\\\sphinxstyleemphasis{right}}'
+             '\\\\label{.*}\\\\end{wrapfigure}')
+    assert re.search(macro, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+    macro = (r'\{\\hfill'
+             r'\\sphinxincludegraphics\[\]{graphviz-.*}'
+             r'\\hspace\*{\\fill}}')
+    assert re.search(macro, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-graphviz', confoverrides={'language': 'xx'})
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures('if_graphviz_found')
+def test_graphviz_i18n(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    html = '<img src=".*?" alt="digraph {\n  BAR -&gt; BAZ\n}" class="graphviz" />'
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.MULTILINE)
+
+
+def test_graphviz_parse_mapfile():
+    # empty graph
+    code = ('# digraph {\n'
+            '# }\n')
+    content = ('<map id="%3" name="%3">\n'
+               '</map>')
+    cmap = ClickableMapDefinition('dummy.map', content, code)
+    assert cmap.filename == 'dummy.map'
+    assert cmap.id == 'grapvizb08107169e'
+    assert len(cmap.clickable) == 0
+    assert cmap.generate_clickable_map() == ''
+
+    # normal graph
+    code = ('digraph {\n'
+            '  foo [href="https://www.google.com/"];\n'
+            '  foo -> bar;\n'
+            '}\n')
+    content = ('<map id="%3" name="%3">\n'
+               '<area shape="poly" id="node1" href="https://www.google.com/" title="foo" alt=""'
+               ' coords="77,29,76,22,70,15,62,10,52,7,41,5,30,7,20,10,12,15,7,22,5,29,7,37,12,'
+               '43,20,49,30,52,41,53,52,52,62,49,70,43,76,37"/>\n'
+               '</map>')
+    cmap = ClickableMapDefinition('dummy.map', content, code)
+    assert cmap.filename == 'dummy.map'
+    assert cmap.id == 'grapvizff087ab863'
+    assert len(cmap.clickable) == 1
+    assert cmap.generate_clickable_map() == content.replace('%3', cmap.id)
+
+    # inheritance-diagram:: sphinx.builders.html
+    content = (
+        '<map id="inheritance66ff5471b9" name="inheritance66ff5471b9">\n'
+        '<area shape="rect" id="node1" title="Builds target formats from the reST sources."'
+        ' alt="" coords="26,95,125,110"/>\n'
+        '<area shape="rect" id="node5" title="Builds standalone HTML docs."'
+        ' alt="" coords="179,95,362,110"/>\n'
+        '<area shape="rect" id="node2" title="buildinfo file manipulator." '
+        ' alt="" coords="14,64,138,80"/>\n'
+        '<area shape="rect" id="node3" title="The container of stylesheets."'
+        ' alt="" coords="3,34,148,49"/>\n'
+        '<area shape="rect" id="node4" title="A StandaloneHTMLBuilder that creates all HTML'
+        ' pages as &quot;index.html&quot; in" alt="" coords="395,64,569,80"/>\n'
+        '<area shape="rect" id="node7" title="An abstract builder that serializes'
+        ' the generated HTML." alt="" coords="392,95,571,110"/>\n'
+        '<area shape="rect" id="node9" title="A StandaloneHTMLBuilder subclass that puts'
+        ' the whole document tree on one" alt="" coords="393,125,570,141"/>\n'
+        '<area shape="rect" id="node6" title="A builder that dumps the generated HTML'
+        ' into JSON files." alt="" coords="602,80,765,95"/>\n'
+        '<area shape="rect" id="node8" title="A Builder that dumps the generated HTML'
+        ' into pickle files." alt="" coords="602,110,765,125"/>\n'
+        '<area shape="rect" id="node10" title="The metadata of stylesheet."'
+        ' alt="" coords="11,3,141,19"/>\n'
+        '</map>'
+    )
+    cmap = ClickableMapDefinition('dummy.map', content, 'dummy_code')
+    assert cmap.filename == 'dummy.map'
+    assert cmap.id == 'inheritance66ff5471b9'
+    assert len(cmap.clickable) == 0
+    assert cmap.generate_clickable_map() == ''
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_ifconfig.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_ifconfig.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e46b1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_ifconfig.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+"""Test sphinx.ext.ifconfig extension."""
+
+import docutils.utils
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-ifconfig')
+def test_ifconfig(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'spam' in result
+    assert 'ham' not in result
+
+
+def test_ifconfig_content_line_number(app):
+    app.setup_extension("sphinx.ext.ifconfig")
+    text = (".. ifconfig:: confval1\n" +
+            "\n" +
+            "   Some link here: :ref:`abc`\n")
+    doc = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    xrefs = list(doc.findall(condition=addnodes.pending_xref))
+    assert len(xrefs) == 1
+    source, line = docutils.utils.get_source_line(xrefs[0])
+    assert 'index.rst' in source
+    assert line == 3
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_imgconverter.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_imgconverter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1d2061
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_imgconverter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+"""Test sphinx.ext.imgconverter extension."""
+
+import subprocess
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def _if_converter_found(app):
+    image_converter = getattr(app.config, 'image_converter', '')
+    try:
+        if image_converter:
+            # print the image_converter version, to check that the command is available
+            subprocess.run([image_converter, '-version'], capture_output=True, check=False)
+            return
+    except OSError:  # No such file or directory
+        pass
+
+    pytest.skip('image_converter "%s" is not available' % image_converter)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures('_if_converter_found')
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='ext-imgconverter')
+def test_ext_imgconverter(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # supported image (not converted)
+    assert '\\sphinxincludegraphics{{img}.pdf}' in content
+
+    # non supported image (converted)
+    assert '\\sphinxincludegraphics{{svgimg}.png}' in content
+    assert not (app.outdir / 'svgimg.svg').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / 'svgimg.png').exists()
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_imgmockconverter.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_imgmockconverter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c3c64e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_imgmockconverter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+"""Test image converter with identical basenames"""
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='ext-imgmockconverter')
+def test_ext_imgmockconverter(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # check identical basenames give distinct files
+    assert '\\sphinxincludegraphics{{svgimg}.pdf}' in content
+    assert '\\sphinxincludegraphics{{svgimg1}.pdf}' in content
+    assert not (app.outdir / 'svgimg.svg').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / 'svgimg.pdf').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / 'svgimg1.pdf').exists()
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_inheritance_diagram.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_inheritance_diagram.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c13ccea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_inheritance_diagram.py
@@ -0,0 +1,342 @@
+"""Test sphinx.ext.inheritance_diagram extension."""
+
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+import zlib
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.ext.inheritance_diagram import (
+    InheritanceDiagram,
+    InheritanceException,
+    import_classes,
+)
+from sphinx.ext.intersphinx import load_mappings, normalize_intersphinx_mapping
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername="html", testroot="inheritance")
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures('if_graphviz_found')
+def test_inheritance_diagram(app, status, warning):
+    # monkey-patch InheritaceDiagram.run() so we can get access to its
+    # results.
+    orig_run = InheritanceDiagram.run
+    graphs = {}
+
+    def new_run(self):
+        result = orig_run(self)
+        node = result[0]
+        source = os.path.basename(node.document.current_source).replace(".rst", "")
+        graphs[source] = node['graph']
+        return result
+
+    InheritanceDiagram.run = new_run
+
+    try:
+        app.build(force_all=True)
+    finally:
+        InheritanceDiagram.run = orig_run
+
+    assert app.statuscode == 0
+
+    html_warnings = warning.getvalue()
+    assert html_warnings == ""
+
+    # note: it is better to split these asserts into separate test functions
+    # but I can't figure out how to build only a specific .rst file
+
+    # basic inheritance diagram showing all classes
+    for cls in graphs['basic_diagram'].class_info:
+        # use in b/c traversing order is different sometimes
+        assert cls in [
+            ('dummy.test.A', 'dummy.test.A', [], None),
+            ('dummy.test.F', 'dummy.test.F', ['dummy.test.C'], None),
+            ('dummy.test.C', 'dummy.test.C', ['dummy.test.A'], None),
+            ('dummy.test.E', 'dummy.test.E', ['dummy.test.B'], None),
+            ('dummy.test.D', 'dummy.test.D', ['dummy.test.B', 'dummy.test.C'], None),
+            ('dummy.test.B', 'dummy.test.B', ['dummy.test.A'], None),
+        ]
+
+    # inheritance diagram using :parts: 1 option
+    for cls in graphs['diagram_w_parts'].class_info:
+        assert cls in [
+            ('A', 'dummy.test.A', [], None),
+            ('F', 'dummy.test.F', ['C'], None),
+            ('C', 'dummy.test.C', ['A'], None),
+            ('E', 'dummy.test.E', ['B'], None),
+            ('D', 'dummy.test.D', ['B', 'C'], None),
+            ('B', 'dummy.test.B', ['A'], None),
+        ]
+
+    # inheritance diagram with 1 top class
+    # :top-classes: dummy.test.B
+    # rendering should be
+    #       A
+    #        \
+    #     B   C
+    #    / \ / \
+    #   E   D   F
+    #
+    for cls in graphs['diagram_w_1_top_class'].class_info:
+        assert cls in [
+            ('dummy.test.A', 'dummy.test.A', [], None),
+            ('dummy.test.F', 'dummy.test.F', ['dummy.test.C'], None),
+            ('dummy.test.C', 'dummy.test.C', ['dummy.test.A'], None),
+            ('dummy.test.E', 'dummy.test.E', ['dummy.test.B'], None),
+            ('dummy.test.D', 'dummy.test.D', ['dummy.test.B', 'dummy.test.C'], None),
+            ('dummy.test.B', 'dummy.test.B', [], None),
+        ]
+
+    # inheritance diagram with 2 top classes
+    # :top-classes: dummy.test.B, dummy.test.C
+    # Note: we're specifying separate classes, not the entire module here
+    # rendering should be
+    #
+    #     B   C
+    #    / \ / \
+    #   E   D   F
+    #
+    for cls in graphs['diagram_w_2_top_classes'].class_info:
+        assert cls in [
+            ('dummy.test.F', 'dummy.test.F', ['dummy.test.C'], None),
+            ('dummy.test.C', 'dummy.test.C', [], None),
+            ('dummy.test.E', 'dummy.test.E', ['dummy.test.B'], None),
+            ('dummy.test.D', 'dummy.test.D', ['dummy.test.B', 'dummy.test.C'], None),
+            ('dummy.test.B', 'dummy.test.B', [], None),
+        ]
+
+    # inheritance diagram with 2 top classes and specifying the entire module
+    # rendering should be
+    #
+    #       A
+    #     B   C
+    #    / \ / \
+    #   E   D   F
+    #
+    # Note: dummy.test.A is included in the graph before its descendants are even processed
+    # b/c we've specified to load the entire module. The way InheritanceGraph works it is very
+    # hard to exclude parent classes once after they have been included in the graph.
+    # If you'd like to not show class A in the graph don't specify the entire module.
+    # this is a known issue.
+    for cls in graphs['diagram_module_w_2_top_classes'].class_info:
+        assert cls in [
+            ('dummy.test.F', 'dummy.test.F', ['dummy.test.C'], None),
+            ('dummy.test.C', 'dummy.test.C', [], None),
+            ('dummy.test.E', 'dummy.test.E', ['dummy.test.B'], None),
+            ('dummy.test.D', 'dummy.test.D', ['dummy.test.B', 'dummy.test.C'], None),
+            ('dummy.test.B', 'dummy.test.B', [], None),
+            ('dummy.test.A', 'dummy.test.A', [], None),
+        ]
+
+    # inheritance diagram involving a base class nested within another class
+    for cls in graphs['diagram_w_nested_classes'].class_info:
+        assert cls in [
+            ('dummy.test_nested.A', 'dummy.test_nested.A', [], None),
+            ('dummy.test_nested.C', 'dummy.test_nested.C', ['dummy.test_nested.A.B'], None),
+            ('dummy.test_nested.A.B', 'dummy.test_nested.A.B', [], None),
+        ]
+
+
+# An external inventory to test intersphinx links in inheritance diagrams
+external_inventory = b'''\
+# Sphinx inventory version 2
+# Project: external
+# Version: 1.0
+# The remainder of this file is compressed using zlib.
+''' + zlib.compress(b'''\
+external.other.Bob py:class 1 foo.html#external.other.Bob -
+''')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-inheritance_diagram')
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures('if_graphviz_found')
+def test_inheritance_diagram_png_html(tmp_path, app):
+    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
+    inv_file.write_bytes(external_inventory)
+    app.config.intersphinx_mapping = {
+        'https://example.org': str(inv_file),
+    }
+    app.config.intersphinx_cache_limit = 0
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
+    load_mappings(app)
+
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    base_maps = re.findall('<map .+\n.+\n</map>', content)
+
+    pattern = ('<figure class="align-default" id="id1">\n'
+               '<div class="graphviz">'
+               '<img src="_images/inheritance-\\w+.png" alt="Inheritance diagram of test.Foo" '
+               'class="inheritance graphviz" /></div>\n<figcaption>\n<p>'
+               '<span class="caption-text">Test Foo!</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id1" '
+               'title="Link to this image">\xb6</a></p>\n</figcaption>\n</figure>\n')
+    assert re.search(pattern, content, re.MULTILINE)
+
+    subdir_content = (app.outdir / 'subdir/page1.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    subdir_maps = re.findall('<map .+\n.+\n</map>', subdir_content)
+    subdir_maps = [re.sub('href="(\\S+)"', 'href="subdir/\\g<1>"', s) for s in subdir_maps]
+
+    # Go through the clickmap for every PNG inheritance diagram
+    for diagram_content in base_maps + subdir_maps:
+        # Verify that an intersphinx link was created via the external inventory
+        if 'subdir.' in diagram_content:
+            assert "https://example.org" in diagram_content
+
+        # Extract every link in the inheritance diagram
+        for href in re.findall('href="(\\S+?)"', diagram_content):
+            if '://' in href:
+                # Verify that absolute URLs are not prefixed with ../
+                assert href.startswith("https://example.org/")
+            else:
+                # Verify that relative URLs point to existing documents
+                reluri = href.rsplit('#', 1)[0]  # strip the anchor at the end
+                assert (app.outdir / reluri).exists()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-inheritance_diagram',
+                    confoverrides={'graphviz_output_format': 'svg'})
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures('if_graphviz_found')
+def test_inheritance_diagram_svg_html(tmp_path, app):
+    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
+    inv_file.write_bytes(external_inventory)
+    app.config.intersphinx_mapping = {
+        "subdir": ('https://example.org', str(inv_file)),
+    }
+    app.config.intersphinx_cache_limit = 0
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
+    load_mappings(app)
+
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    base_svgs = re.findall('<object data="(_images/inheritance-\\w+.svg?)"', content)
+
+    pattern = ('<figure class="align-default" id="id1">\n'
+               '<div class="graphviz">'
+               '<object data="_images/inheritance-\\w+.svg" '
+               'type="image/svg\\+xml" class="inheritance graphviz">\n'
+               '<p class="warning">Inheritance diagram of test.Foo</p>'
+               '</object></div>\n<figcaption>\n<p><span class="caption-text">'
+               'Test Foo!</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id1" '
+               'title="Link to this image">\xb6</a></p>\n</figcaption>\n</figure>\n')
+
+    assert re.search(pattern, content, re.MULTILINE)
+
+    subdir_content = (app.outdir / 'subdir/page1.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    subdir_svgs = re.findall('<object data="../(_images/inheritance-\\w+.svg?)"', subdir_content)
+
+    # Go through every SVG inheritance diagram
+    for diagram in base_svgs + subdir_svgs:
+        diagram_content = (app.outdir / diagram).read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+        # Verify that an intersphinx link was created via the external inventory
+        if 'subdir.' in diagram_content:
+            assert "https://example.org" in diagram_content
+
+        # Extract every link in the inheritance diagram
+        for href in re.findall('href="(\\S+?)"', diagram_content):
+            if '://' in href:
+                # Verify that absolute URLs are not prefixed with ../
+                assert href.startswith("https://example.org/")
+            else:
+                # Verify that relative URLs point to existing documents
+                reluri = href.rsplit('#', 1)[0]  # strip the anchor at the end
+                abs_uri = (app.outdir / app.builder.imagedir / reluri).resolve()
+                assert abs_uri.exists()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='ext-inheritance_diagram')
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures('if_graphviz_found')
+def test_inheritance_diagram_latex(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    pattern = ('\\\\begin{figure}\\[htbp]\n\\\\centering\n\\\\capstart\n\n'
+               '\\\\sphinxincludegraphics\\[\\]{inheritance-\\w+.pdf}\n'
+               '\\\\caption{Test Foo!}\\\\label{\\\\detokenize{index:id1}}\\\\end{figure}')
+    assert re.search(pattern, content, re.MULTILINE)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-inheritance_diagram',
+                    srcdir='ext-inheritance_diagram-alias')
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures('if_graphviz_found')
+def test_inheritance_diagram_latex_alias(app, status, warning):
+    app.config.inheritance_alias = {'test.Foo': 'alias.Foo'}
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    doc = app.env.get_and_resolve_doctree('index', app)
+    aliased_graph = doc.children[0].children[3]['graph'].class_info
+    assert len(aliased_graph) == 4
+    assert ('test.DocSubDir2', 'test.DocSubDir2', ['test.DocSubDir1'], None) in aliased_graph
+    assert ('test.DocSubDir1', 'test.DocSubDir1', ['test.DocHere'], None) in aliased_graph
+    assert ('test.DocHere', 'test.DocHere', ['alias.Foo'], None) in aliased_graph
+    assert ('alias.Foo', 'alias.Foo', [], None) in aliased_graph
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    pattern = ('<figure class="align-default" id="id1">\n'
+               '<div class="graphviz">'
+               '<img src="_images/inheritance-\\w+.png" alt="Inheritance diagram of test.Foo" '
+               'class="inheritance graphviz" /></div>\n<figcaption>\n<p>'
+               '<span class="caption-text">Test Foo!</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id1" '
+               'title="Link to this image">\xb6</a></p>\n</figcaption>\n</figure>\n')
+    assert re.search(pattern, content, re.MULTILINE)
+
+
+def test_import_classes(rootdir):
+    from sphinx.parsers import Parser, RSTParser
+    from sphinx.util.i18n import CatalogInfo
+
+    try:
+        sys.path.append(str(rootdir / 'test-ext-inheritance_diagram'))
+        from example.sphinx import DummyClass
+
+        # got exception for unknown class or module
+        with pytest.raises(InheritanceException):
+            import_classes('unknown', None)
+        with pytest.raises(InheritanceException):
+            import_classes('unknown.Unknown', None)
+
+        # got exception InheritanceException for wrong class or module
+        # not AttributeError (refs: #4019)
+        with pytest.raises(InheritanceException):
+            import_classes('unknown', '.')
+        with pytest.raises(InheritanceException):
+            import_classes('unknown.Unknown', '.')
+        with pytest.raises(InheritanceException):
+            import_classes('.', None)
+
+        # a module having no classes
+        classes = import_classes('sphinx', None)
+        assert classes == []
+
+        classes = import_classes('sphinx', 'foo')
+        assert classes == []
+
+        # all of classes in the module
+        classes = import_classes('sphinx.parsers', None)
+        assert set(classes) == {Parser, RSTParser}
+
+        # specified class in the module
+        classes = import_classes('sphinx.parsers.Parser', None)
+        assert classes == [Parser]
+
+        # specified class in current module
+        classes = import_classes('Parser', 'sphinx.parsers')
+        assert classes == [Parser]
+
+        # relative module name to current module
+        classes = import_classes('i18n.CatalogInfo', 'sphinx.util')
+        assert classes == [CatalogInfo]
+
+        # got exception for functions
+        with pytest.raises(InheritanceException):
+            import_classes('encode_uri', 'sphinx.util')
+
+        # import submodule on current module (refs: #3164)
+        classes = import_classes('sphinx', 'example')
+        assert classes == [DummyClass]
+    finally:
+        sys.path.pop()
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_intersphinx.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_intersphinx.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef5a9b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_intersphinx.py
@@ -0,0 +1,584 @@
+"""Test the intersphinx extension."""
+
+import http.server
+from unittest import mock
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.ext.intersphinx import (
+    INVENTORY_FILENAME,
+    _get_safe_url,
+    _strip_basic_auth,
+    fetch_inventory,
+    inspect_main,
+    load_mappings,
+    missing_reference,
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping,
+)
+from sphinx.ext.intersphinx import setup as intersphinx_setup
+from sphinx.util.console import strip_colors
+
+from tests.test_util.intersphinx_data import INVENTORY_V2, INVENTORY_V2_NO_VERSION
+from tests.utils import http_server
+
+
+def fake_node(domain, type, target, content, **attrs):
+    contnode = nodes.emphasis(content, content)
+    node = addnodes.pending_xref('')
+    node['reftarget'] = target
+    node['reftype'] = type
+    node['refdomain'] = domain
+    node.attributes.update(attrs)
+    node += contnode
+    return node, contnode
+
+
+def reference_check(app, *args, **kwds):
+    node, contnode = fake_node(*args, **kwds)
+    return missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+
+
+def set_config(app, mapping):
+    app.config.intersphinx_mapping = mapping
+    app.config.intersphinx_cache_limit = 0
+    app.config.intersphinx_disabled_reftypes = []
+
+
+@mock.patch('sphinx.ext.intersphinx.InventoryFile')
+@mock.patch('sphinx.ext.intersphinx._read_from_url')
+def test_fetch_inventory_redirection(_read_from_url, InventoryFile, app, status, warning):  # NoQA: PT019
+    intersphinx_setup(app)
+    _read_from_url().readline.return_value = b'# Sphinx inventory version 2'
+
+    # same uri and inv, not redirected
+    _read_from_url().url = 'https://hostname/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME
+    fetch_inventory(app, 'https://hostname/', 'https://hostname/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME)
+    assert 'intersphinx inventory has moved' not in status.getvalue()
+    assert InventoryFile.load.call_args[0][1] == 'https://hostname/'
+
+    # same uri and inv, redirected
+    status.seek(0)
+    status.truncate(0)
+    _read_from_url().url = 'https://hostname/new/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME
+
+    fetch_inventory(app, 'https://hostname/', 'https://hostname/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME)
+    assert status.getvalue() == ('intersphinx inventory has moved: '
+                                 'https://hostname/%s -> https://hostname/new/%s\n' %
+                                 (INVENTORY_FILENAME, INVENTORY_FILENAME))
+    assert InventoryFile.load.call_args[0][1] == 'https://hostname/new'
+
+    # different uri and inv, not redirected
+    status.seek(0)
+    status.truncate(0)
+    _read_from_url().url = 'https://hostname/new/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME
+
+    fetch_inventory(app, 'https://hostname/', 'https://hostname/new/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME)
+    assert 'intersphinx inventory has moved' not in status.getvalue()
+    assert InventoryFile.load.call_args[0][1] == 'https://hostname/'
+
+    # different uri and inv, redirected
+    status.seek(0)
+    status.truncate(0)
+    _read_from_url().url = 'https://hostname/other/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME
+
+    fetch_inventory(app, 'https://hostname/', 'https://hostname/new/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME)
+    assert status.getvalue() == ('intersphinx inventory has moved: '
+                                 'https://hostname/new/%s -> https://hostname/other/%s\n' %
+                                 (INVENTORY_FILENAME, INVENTORY_FILENAME))
+    assert InventoryFile.load.call_args[0][1] == 'https://hostname/'
+
+
+def test_missing_reference(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
+    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
+    inv_file.write_bytes(INVENTORY_V2)
+    set_config(app, {
+        'https://docs.python.org/': str(inv_file),
+        'py3k': ('https://docs.python.org/py3k/', str(inv_file)),
+        'py3krel': ('py3k', str(inv_file)),  # relative path
+        'py3krelparent': ('../../py3k', str(inv_file)),  # relative path, parent dir
+    })
+
+    # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
+    load_mappings(app)
+    inv = app.env.intersphinx_inventory
+
+    assert inv['py:module']['module2'] == \
+        ('foo', '2.0', 'https://docs.python.org/foo.html#module-module2', '-')
+
+    # check resolution when a target is found
+    rn = reference_check(app, 'py', 'func', 'module1.func', 'foo')
+    assert isinstance(rn, nodes.reference)
+    assert rn['refuri'] == 'https://docs.python.org/sub/foo.html#module1.func'
+    assert rn['reftitle'] == '(in foo v2.0)'
+    assert rn[0].astext() == 'foo'
+
+    # create unresolvable nodes and check None return value
+    assert reference_check(app, 'py', 'foo', 'module1.func', 'foo') is None
+    assert reference_check(app, 'py', 'func', 'foo', 'foo') is None
+    assert reference_check(app, 'py', 'func', 'foo', 'foo') is None
+
+    # check handling of prefixes
+
+    # prefix given, target found: prefix is stripped
+    rn = reference_check(app, 'py', 'mod', 'py3k:module2', 'py3k:module2')
+    assert rn[0].astext() == 'module2'
+
+    # prefix given, but not in title: nothing stripped
+    rn = reference_check(app, 'py', 'mod', 'py3k:module2', 'module2')
+    assert rn[0].astext() == 'module2'
+
+    # prefix given, but explicit: nothing stripped
+    rn = reference_check(app, 'py', 'mod', 'py3k:module2', 'py3k:module2',
+                         refexplicit=True)
+    assert rn[0].astext() == 'py3k:module2'
+
+    # prefix given, target not found and nonexplicit title: prefix is not stripped
+    node, contnode = fake_node('py', 'mod', 'py3k:unknown', 'py3k:unknown',
+                               refexplicit=False)
+    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+    assert rn is None
+    assert contnode[0].astext() == 'py3k:unknown'
+
+    # prefix given, target not found and explicit title: nothing is changed
+    node, contnode = fake_node('py', 'mod', 'py3k:unknown', 'py3k:unknown',
+                               refexplicit=True)
+    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+    assert rn is None
+    assert contnode[0].astext() == 'py3k:unknown'
+
+    # check relative paths
+    rn = reference_check(app, 'py', 'mod', 'py3krel:module1', 'foo')
+    assert rn['refuri'] == 'py3k/foo.html#module-module1'
+
+    rn = reference_check(app, 'py', 'mod', 'py3krelparent:module1', 'foo')
+    assert rn['refuri'] == '../../py3k/foo.html#module-module1'
+
+    rn = reference_check(app, 'py', 'mod', 'py3krel:module1', 'foo', refdoc='sub/dir/test')
+    assert rn['refuri'] == '../../py3k/foo.html#module-module1'
+
+    rn = reference_check(app, 'py', 'mod', 'py3krelparent:module1', 'foo',
+                         refdoc='sub/dir/test')
+    assert rn['refuri'] == '../../../../py3k/foo.html#module-module1'
+
+    # check refs of standard domain
+    rn = reference_check(app, 'std', 'doc', 'docname', 'docname')
+    assert rn['refuri'] == 'https://docs.python.org/docname.html'
+
+
+def test_missing_reference_pydomain(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
+    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
+    inv_file.write_bytes(INVENTORY_V2)
+    set_config(app, {
+        'https://docs.python.org/': str(inv_file),
+    })
+
+    # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
+    load_mappings(app)
+
+    # no context data
+    kwargs = {}
+    node, contnode = fake_node('py', 'func', 'func', 'func()', **kwargs)
+    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+    assert rn is None
+
+    # py:module context helps to search objects
+    kwargs = {'py:module': 'module1'}
+    node, contnode = fake_node('py', 'func', 'func', 'func()', **kwargs)
+    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+    assert rn.astext() == 'func()'
+
+    # py:attr context helps to search objects
+    kwargs = {'py:module': 'module1'}
+    node, contnode = fake_node('py', 'attr', 'Foo.bar', 'Foo.bar', **kwargs)
+    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+    assert rn.astext() == 'Foo.bar'
+
+
+def test_missing_reference_stddomain(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
+    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
+    inv_file.write_bytes(INVENTORY_V2)
+    set_config(app, {
+        'cmd': ('https://docs.python.org/', str(inv_file)),
+    })
+
+    # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
+    load_mappings(app)
+
+    # no context data
+    kwargs = {}
+    node, contnode = fake_node('std', 'option', '-l', '-l', **kwargs)
+    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+    assert rn is None
+
+    # std:program context helps to search objects
+    kwargs = {'std:program': 'ls'}
+    node, contnode = fake_node('std', 'option', '-l', 'ls -l', **kwargs)
+    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+    assert rn.astext() == 'ls -l'
+
+    # refers inventory by name
+    kwargs = {}
+    node, contnode = fake_node('std', 'option', 'cmd:ls -l', '-l', **kwargs)
+    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+    assert rn.astext() == '-l'
+
+    # term reference (normal)
+    node, contnode = fake_node('std', 'term', 'a term', 'a term')
+    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+    assert rn.astext() == 'a term'
+
+    # term reference (case insensitive)
+    node, contnode = fake_node('std', 'term', 'A TERM', 'A TERM')
+    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+    assert rn.astext() == 'A TERM'
+
+    # label reference (normal)
+    node, contnode = fake_node('std', 'ref', 'The-Julia-Domain', 'The-Julia-Domain')
+    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+    assert rn.astext() == 'The Julia Domain'
+
+    # label reference (case insensitive)
+    node, contnode = fake_node('std', 'ref', 'the-julia-domain', 'the-julia-domain')
+    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+    assert rn.astext() == 'The Julia Domain'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-intersphinx-cppdomain')
+def test_missing_reference_cppdomain(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
+    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
+    inv_file.write_bytes(INVENTORY_V2)
+    set_config(app, {
+        'https://docs.python.org/': str(inv_file),
+    })
+
+    # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
+    load_mappings(app)
+
+    app.build()
+    html = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<a class="reference external"'
+            ' href="https://docs.python.org/index.html#cpp_foo_bar"'
+            ' title="(in foo v2.0)">'
+            '<code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate">'
+            '<span class="pre">Bar</span></code></a>' in html)
+    assert ('<a class="reference external"'
+            ' href="https://docs.python.org/index.html#foons"'
+            ' title="(in foo v2.0)"><span class="n"><span class="pre">foons</span></span></a>' in html)
+    assert ('<a class="reference external"'
+            ' href="https://docs.python.org/index.html#foons_bartype"'
+            ' title="(in foo v2.0)"><span class="n"><span class="pre">bartype</span></span></a>' in html)
+
+
+def test_missing_reference_jsdomain(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
+    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
+    inv_file.write_bytes(INVENTORY_V2)
+    set_config(app, {
+        'https://docs.python.org/': str(inv_file),
+    })
+
+    # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
+    load_mappings(app)
+
+    # no context data
+    kwargs = {}
+    node, contnode = fake_node('js', 'meth', 'baz', 'baz()', **kwargs)
+    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+    assert rn is None
+
+    # js:module and js:object context helps to search objects
+    kwargs = {'js:module': 'foo', 'js:object': 'bar'}
+    node, contnode = fake_node('js', 'meth', 'baz', 'baz()', **kwargs)
+    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+    assert rn.astext() == 'baz()'
+
+
+def test_missing_reference_disabled_domain(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
+    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
+    inv_file.write_bytes(INVENTORY_V2)
+    set_config(app, {
+        'inv': ('https://docs.python.org/', str(inv_file)),
+    })
+
+    # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
+    load_mappings(app)
+
+    def case(*, term, doc, py):
+        def assert_(rn, expected):
+            if expected is None:
+                assert rn is None
+            else:
+                assert rn.astext() == expected
+
+        kwargs = {}
+
+        node, contnode = fake_node('std', 'term', 'a term', 'a term', **kwargs)
+        rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+        assert_(rn, 'a term' if term else None)
+
+        node, contnode = fake_node('std', 'term', 'inv:a term', 'a term', **kwargs)
+        rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+        assert_(rn, 'a term')
+
+        node, contnode = fake_node('std', 'doc', 'docname', 'docname', **kwargs)
+        rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+        assert_(rn, 'docname' if doc else None)
+
+        node, contnode = fake_node('std', 'doc', 'inv:docname', 'docname', **kwargs)
+        rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+        assert_(rn, 'docname')
+
+        # an arbitrary ref in another domain
+        node, contnode = fake_node('py', 'func', 'module1.func', 'func()', **kwargs)
+        rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+        assert_(rn, 'func()' if py else None)
+
+        node, contnode = fake_node('py', 'func', 'inv:module1.func', 'func()', **kwargs)
+        rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+        assert_(rn, 'func()')
+
+    # the base case, everything should resolve
+    assert app.config.intersphinx_disabled_reftypes == []
+    case(term=True, doc=True, py=True)
+
+    # disabled a single ref type
+    app.config.intersphinx_disabled_reftypes = ['std:doc']
+    case(term=True, doc=False, py=True)
+
+    # disabled a whole domain
+    app.config.intersphinx_disabled_reftypes = ['std:*']
+    case(term=False, doc=False, py=True)
+
+    # disabled all domains
+    app.config.intersphinx_disabled_reftypes = ['*']
+    case(term=False, doc=False, py=False)
+
+
+def test_inventory_not_having_version(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
+    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
+    inv_file.write_bytes(INVENTORY_V2_NO_VERSION)
+    set_config(app, {
+        'https://docs.python.org/': str(inv_file),
+    })
+
+    # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
+    load_mappings(app)
+
+    rn = reference_check(app, 'py', 'mod', 'module1', 'foo')
+    assert isinstance(rn, nodes.reference)
+    assert rn['refuri'] == 'https://docs.python.org/foo.html#module-module1'
+    assert rn['reftitle'] == '(in foo)'
+    assert rn[0].astext() == 'Long Module desc'
+
+
+def test_load_mappings_warnings(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
+    """
+    load_mappings issues a warning if new-style mapping
+    identifiers are not string
+    """
+    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
+    inv_file.write_bytes(INVENTORY_V2)
+    set_config(app, {
+        'https://docs.python.org/': str(inv_file),
+        'py3k': ('https://docs.python.org/py3k/', str(inv_file)),
+        'repoze.workflow': ('https://docs.repoze.org/workflow/', str(inv_file)),
+        'django-taggit': ('https://django-taggit.readthedocs.org/en/latest/',
+                          str(inv_file)),
+        12345: ('https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/stable/', str(inv_file)),
+    })
+
+    # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
+    load_mappings(app)
+    warnings = warning.getvalue().splitlines()
+    assert len(warnings) == 2
+    assert "The pre-Sphinx 1.0 'intersphinx_mapping' format is " in warnings[0]
+    assert 'intersphinx identifier 12345 is not string. Ignored' in warnings[1]
+
+
+def test_load_mappings_fallback(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
+    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
+    inv_file.write_bytes(INVENTORY_V2)
+    set_config(app, {})
+
+    # connect to invalid path
+    app.config.intersphinx_mapping = {
+        'fallback': ('https://docs.python.org/py3k/', '/invalid/inventory/path'),
+    }
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
+    load_mappings(app)
+    assert "failed to reach any of the inventories" in warning.getvalue()
+
+    rn = reference_check(app, 'py', 'func', 'module1.func', 'foo')
+    assert rn is None
+
+    # clear messages
+    status.truncate(0)
+    warning.truncate(0)
+
+    # add fallbacks to mapping
+    app.config.intersphinx_mapping = {
+        'fallback': ('https://docs.python.org/py3k/', ('/invalid/inventory/path',
+                                                       str(inv_file))),
+    }
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
+    load_mappings(app)
+    assert "encountered some issues with some of the inventories" in status.getvalue()
+    assert warning.getvalue() == ""
+
+    rn = reference_check(app, 'py', 'func', 'module1.func', 'foo')
+    assert isinstance(rn, nodes.reference)
+
+
+class TestStripBasicAuth:
+    """Tests for sphinx.ext.intersphinx._strip_basic_auth()"""
+
+    def test_auth_stripped(self):
+        """Basic auth creds stripped from URL containing creds"""
+        url = 'https://user:12345@domain.com/project/objects.inv'
+        expected = 'https://domain.com/project/objects.inv'
+        actual = _strip_basic_auth(url)
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_no_auth(self):
+        """Url unchanged if param doesn't contain basic auth creds"""
+        url = 'https://domain.com/project/objects.inv'
+        expected = 'https://domain.com/project/objects.inv'
+        actual = _strip_basic_auth(url)
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_having_port(self):
+        """Basic auth creds correctly stripped from URL containing creds even if URL
+        contains port
+        """
+        url = 'https://user:12345@domain.com:8080/project/objects.inv'
+        expected = 'https://domain.com:8080/project/objects.inv'
+        actual = _strip_basic_auth(url)
+        assert expected == actual
+
+
+def test_getsafeurl_authed():
+    """_get_safe_url() with a url with basic auth"""
+    url = 'https://user:12345@domain.com/project/objects.inv'
+    expected = 'https://user@domain.com/project/objects.inv'
+    actual = _get_safe_url(url)
+    assert expected == actual
+
+
+def test_getsafeurl_authed_having_port():
+    """_get_safe_url() with a url with basic auth having port"""
+    url = 'https://user:12345@domain.com:8080/project/objects.inv'
+    expected = 'https://user@domain.com:8080/project/objects.inv'
+    actual = _get_safe_url(url)
+    assert expected == actual
+
+
+def test_getsafeurl_unauthed():
+    """_get_safe_url() with a url without basic auth"""
+    url = 'https://domain.com/project/objects.inv'
+    expected = 'https://domain.com/project/objects.inv'
+    actual = _get_safe_url(url)
+    assert expected == actual
+
+
+def test_inspect_main_noargs(capsys):
+    """inspect_main interface, without arguments"""
+    assert inspect_main([]) == 1
+
+    expected = (
+        "Print out an inventory file.\n"
+        "Error: must specify local path or URL to an inventory file."
+    )
+    stdout, stderr = capsys.readouterr()
+    assert stdout == ""
+    assert stderr == expected + "\n"
+
+
+def test_inspect_main_file(capsys, tmp_path):
+    """inspect_main interface, with file argument"""
+    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
+    inv_file.write_bytes(INVENTORY_V2)
+
+    inspect_main([str(inv_file)])
+
+    stdout, stderr = capsys.readouterr()
+    assert stdout.startswith("c:function\n")
+    assert stderr == ""
+
+
+def test_inspect_main_url(capsys):
+    """inspect_main interface, with url argument"""
+    class InventoryHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+        def do_GET(self):
+            self.send_response(200, "OK")
+            self.end_headers()
+            self.wfile.write(INVENTORY_V2)
+
+        def log_message(*args, **kwargs):
+            # Silenced.
+            pass
+
+    with http_server(InventoryHandler) as server:
+        url = f'http://localhost:{server.server_port}/{INVENTORY_FILENAME}'
+        inspect_main([url])
+
+    stdout, stderr = capsys.readouterr()
+    assert stdout.startswith("c:function\n")
+    assert stderr == ""
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-intersphinx-role')
+def test_intersphinx_role(app, warning):
+    inv_file = app.srcdir / 'inventory'
+    inv_file.write_bytes(INVENTORY_V2)
+    app.config.intersphinx_mapping = {
+        'inv': ('https://example.org/', str(inv_file)),
+    }
+    app.config.intersphinx_cache_limit = 0
+    app.config.nitpicky = True
+
+    # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
+    load_mappings(app)
+
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    warnings = strip_colors(warning.getvalue()).splitlines()
+    index_path = app.srcdir / 'index.rst'
+    assert warnings == [
+        f"{index_path}:21: WARNING: role for external cross-reference not found in domain 'py': 'nope'",
+        f"{index_path}:28: WARNING: role for external cross-reference not found in domains 'cpp', 'std': 'nope'",
+        f"{index_path}:39: WARNING: inventory for external cross-reference not found: 'invNope'",
+        f"{index_path}:44: WARNING: role for external cross-reference not found in domain 'c': 'function' (perhaps you meant one of: 'func', 'identifier', 'type')",
+        f"{index_path}:45: WARNING: role for external cross-reference not found in domains 'cpp', 'std': 'function' (perhaps you meant one of: 'cpp:func', 'cpp:identifier', 'cpp:type')",
+        f'{index_path}:9: WARNING: external py:mod reference target not found: module3',
+        f'{index_path}:14: WARNING: external py:mod reference target not found: module10',
+        f'{index_path}:19: WARNING: external py:meth reference target not found: inv:Foo.bar',
+    ]
+
+    html = '<a class="reference external" href="https://example.org/{}" title="(in foo v2.0)">'
+    assert html.format('foo.html#module-module1') in content
+    assert html.format('foo.html#module-module2') in content
+
+    assert html.format('sub/foo.html#module1.func') in content
+
+    # default domain
+    assert html.format('index.html#std_uint8_t') in content
+
+    # std roles without domain prefix
+    assert html.format('docname.html') in content
+    assert html.format('index.html#cmdoption-ls-l') in content
+
+    # explicit inventory
+    assert html.format('cfunc.html#CFunc') in content
+
+    # explicit title
+    assert html.format('index.html#foons') in content
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_math.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_math.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b673f83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_math.py
@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+"""Test math extensions."""
+
+import re
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import warnings
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx.ext.mathjax import MATHJAX_URL
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+
+
+def has_binary(binary):
+    try:
+        subprocess.check_output([binary])
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        return False
+    except OSError:
+        pass
+    return True
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not has_binary('dvipng'),
+                    reason='Requires dvipng" binary')
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math-simple',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.imgmath']})
+def test_imgmath_png(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    if "LaTeX command 'latex' cannot be run" in warning.getvalue():
+        msg = 'LaTeX command "latex" is not available'
+        raise pytest.skip.Exception(msg)
+    if "dvipng command 'dvipng' cannot be run" in warning.getvalue():
+        msg = 'dvipng command "dvipng" is not available'
+        raise pytest.skip.Exception(msg)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    shutil.rmtree(app.outdir)
+    html = (r'<div class="math">\s*<p>\s*<img src="_images/math/\w+.png"'
+            r'\s*alt="a\^2\+b\^2=c\^2"/>\s*</p>\s*</div>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not has_binary('dvisvgm'),
+                    reason='Requires dvisvgm" binary')
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math-simple',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.imgmath'],
+                                   'imgmath_image_format': 'svg'})
+def test_imgmath_svg(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    if "LaTeX command 'latex' cannot be run" in warning.getvalue():
+        msg = 'LaTeX command "latex" is not available'
+        raise pytest.skip.Exception(msg)
+    if "dvisvgm command 'dvisvgm' cannot be run" in warning.getvalue():
+        msg = 'dvisvgm command "dvisvgm" is not available'
+        raise pytest.skip.Exception(msg)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    shutil.rmtree(app.outdir)
+    html = (r'<div class="math">\s*<p>\s*<img src="_images/math/\w+.svg"'
+            r'\s*alt="a\^2\+b\^2=c\^2"/>\s*</p>\s*</div>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not has_binary('dvisvgm'),
+                    reason='Requires dvisvgm" binary')
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math-simple',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.imgmath'],
+                                   'imgmath_image_format': 'svg',
+                                   'imgmath_embed': True})
+def test_imgmath_svg_embed(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    if "LaTeX command 'latex' cannot be run" in warning.getvalue():
+        msg = 'LaTeX command "latex" is not available'
+        raise pytest.skip.Exception(msg)
+    if "dvisvgm command 'dvisvgm' cannot be run" in warning.getvalue():
+        msg = 'dvisvgm command "dvisvgm" is not available'
+        raise pytest.skip.Exception(msg)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    shutil.rmtree(app.outdir)
+    html = r'<img src="data:image/svg\+xml;base64,[\w\+/=]+"'
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax'],
+                                   'mathjax_options': {'integrity': 'sha384-0123456789'}})
+def test_mathjax_options(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    shutil.rmtree(app.outdir)
+    assert ('<script async="async" integrity="sha384-0123456789" '
+            'src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js">'
+            '</script>' in content)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax']})
+def test_mathjax_align(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    shutil.rmtree(app.outdir)
+    html = (r'<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">\s*'
+            r'\\\[ \\begin\{align\}\\begin\{aligned\}S \&amp;= \\pi r\^2\\\\'
+            r'V \&amp;= \\frac\{4\}\{3\} \\pi r\^3\\end\{aligned\}\\end\{align\} \\\]</div>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
+                    confoverrides={'math_number_all': True,
+                                   'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax']})
+def test_math_number_all_mathjax(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    html = (r'<div class="math notranslate nohighlight" id="equation-index-0">\s*'
+            r'<span class="eqno">\(1\)<a .*>\xb6</a></span>\\\[a\^2\+b\^2=c\^2\\\]</div>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='ext-math',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax']})
+def test_math_number_all_latex(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    macro = (r'\\begin{equation\*}\s*'
+             r'\\begin{split}a\^2\+b\^2=c\^2\\end{split}\s*'
+             r'\\end{equation\*}')
+    assert re.search(macro, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+    macro = r'Inline \\\(E=mc\^2\\\)'
+    assert re.search(macro, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+    macro = (r'\\begin{equation\*}\s*'
+             r'\\begin{split}e\^{i\\pi}\+1=0\\end{split}\s+'
+             r'\\end{equation\*}')
+    assert re.search(macro, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+    macro = (r'\\begin{align\*}\\!\\begin{aligned}\s*'
+             r'S &= \\pi r\^2\\\\\s*'
+             r'V &= \\frac\{4}\{3} \\pi r\^3\\\\\s*'
+             r'\\end{aligned}\\end{align\*}')
+    assert re.search(macro, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+    macro = r'Referencing equation \\eqref{equation:math:foo}.'
+    assert re.search(macro, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax'],
+                                   'math_eqref_format': 'Eq.{number}'})
+def test_math_eqref_format_html(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'math.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    html = ('<p>Referencing equation <a class="reference internal" '
+            'href="#equation-foo">Eq.1</a> and <a class="reference internal" '
+            'href="#equation-foo">Eq.1</a>.</p>')
+    assert html in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='ext-math',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax'],
+                                   'math_eqref_format': 'Eq.{number}'})
+def test_math_eqref_format_latex(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    macro = (r'Referencing equation Eq.\\ref{equation:math:foo} and '
+             r'Eq.\\ref{equation:math:foo}.')
+    assert re.search(macro, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax'],
+                                   'numfig': True,
+                                   'math_numfig': True})
+def test_mathjax_numfig_html(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'math.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    html = ('<div class="math notranslate nohighlight" id="equation-math-0">\n'
+            '<span class="eqno">(1.2)')
+    assert html in content
+    html = ('<p>Referencing equation <a class="reference internal" '
+            'href="#equation-foo">(1.1)</a> and '
+            '<a class="reference internal" href="#equation-foo">(1.1)</a>.</p>')
+    assert html in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.imgmath'],
+                                   'numfig': True,
+                                   'numfig_secnum_depth': 0,
+                                   'math_numfig': True})
+def test_imgmath_numfig_html(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'page.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    html = '<span class="eqno">(3)<a class="headerlink" href="#equation-bar"'
+    assert html in content
+    html = ('<p>Referencing equations <a class="reference internal" '
+            'href="math.html#equation-foo">(1)</a> and '
+            '<a class="reference internal" href="#equation-bar">(3)</a>.</p>')
+    assert html in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-math-compat')
+def test_math_compat(app, status, warning):
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True):
+        app.build(force_all=True)
+        doctree = app.env.get_and_resolve_doctree('index', app.builder)
+
+        assert_node(doctree,
+                    [nodes.document, nodes.section, (nodes.title,
+                                                     [nodes.section, (nodes.title,
+                                                                      nodes.paragraph)],
+                                                     nodes.section)])
+        assert_node(doctree[0][1][1],
+                    ('Inline: ',
+                     [nodes.math, "E=mc^2"],
+                     '\nInline my math: ',
+                     [nodes.math, "E = mc^2"]))
+        assert_node(doctree[0][2],
+                    ([nodes.title, "block"],
+                     [nodes.math_block, "a^2+b^2=c^2\n\n"],
+                     [nodes.paragraph, "Second math"],
+                     [nodes.math_block, "e^{i\\pi}+1=0\n\n"],
+                     [nodes.paragraph, "Multi math equations"],
+                     [nodes.math_block, "E = mc^2"]))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax'],
+                                   'mathjax3_config': {'extensions': ['tex2jax.js']}})
+def test_mathjax3_config(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert MATHJAX_URL in content
+    assert ('<script defer="defer" src="%s">' % MATHJAX_URL in content)
+    assert ('<script>window.MathJax = {"extensions": ["tex2jax.js"]}</script>' in content)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax'],
+                                   'mathjax2_config': {'extensions': ['tex2jax.js']}})
+def test_mathjax2_config(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<script async="async" src="%s">' % MATHJAX_URL in content)
+    assert ('<script type="text/x-mathjax-config">'
+            'MathJax.Hub.Config({"extensions": ["tex2jax.js"]})'
+            '</script>' in content)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax'],
+                                   'mathjax_options': {'async': 'async'},
+                                   'mathjax3_config': {'extensions': ['tex2jax.js']}})
+def test_mathjax_options_async_for_mathjax3(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert MATHJAX_URL in content
+    assert ('<script async="async" src="%s">' % MATHJAX_URL in content)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax'],
+                                   'mathjax_options': {'defer': 'defer'},
+                                   'mathjax2_config': {'extensions': ['tex2jax.js']}})
+def test_mathjax_options_defer_for_mathjax2(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<script defer="defer" src="%s">' % MATHJAX_URL in content)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'html', testroot='ext-math',
+    confoverrides={
+        'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax'],
+        'mathjax_path': 'MathJax.js',
+    },
+)
+def test_mathjax_path(app):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<script async="async" src="_static/MathJax.js"></script>' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'html', testroot='ext-math',
+    confoverrides={
+        'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax'],
+        'mathjax_path': 'MathJax.js?config=scipy-mathjax',
+    },
+)
+def test_mathjax_path_config(app):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<script async="async" src="_static/MathJax.js?config=scipy-mathjax"></script>' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax']})
+def test_mathjax_is_installed_only_if_document_having_math(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert MATHJAX_URL in content
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'nomath.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert MATHJAX_URL not in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax']})
+def test_mathjax_is_not_installed_if_no_equations(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'MathJax.js' not in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax']})
+def test_mathjax_is_installed_if_no_equations_when_forced(app, status, warning):
+    app.set_html_assets_policy('always')
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert MATHJAX_URL in content
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'nomath.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert MATHJAX_URL in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math-include',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax']})
+def test_mathjax_is_installed_if_included_file_has_equations(app):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    # no real equations at the rst level, but includes "included"
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert MATHJAX_URL in content
+
+    # no real equations at the rst level, but includes "math.rst"
+    content = (app.outdir / 'included.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert MATHJAX_URL in content
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'math.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert MATHJAX_URL in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('singlehtml', testroot='ext-math',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax']})
+def test_mathjax_is_installed_only_if_document_having_math_singlehtml(app):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert MATHJAX_URL in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('singlehtml', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax']})
+def test_mathjax_is_not_installed_if_no_equations_singlehtml(app):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'MathJax.js' not in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('singlehtml', testroot='ext-math-include',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax']})
+def test_mathjax_is_installed_if_included_file_has_equations_singlehtml(app):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert MATHJAX_URL in content
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_napoleon.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_napoleon.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..466bd49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_napoleon.py
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+"""Tests for :mod:`sphinx.ext.napoleon.__init__` module."""
+
+import functools
+from collections import namedtuple
+from unittest import mock
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.application import Sphinx
+from sphinx.ext.napoleon import Config, _process_docstring, _skip_member, setup
+
+
+def simple_decorator(f):
+    """
+    A simple decorator that does nothing, for tests to use.
+    """
+    @functools.wraps(f)
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        return f(*args, **kwargs)
+    return wrapper
+
+
+def _private_doc():
+    """module._private_doc.DOCSTRING"""
+    pass
+
+
+def _private_undoc():
+    pass
+
+
+def __special_doc__():
+    """module.__special_doc__.DOCSTRING"""
+    pass
+
+
+def __special_undoc__():
+    pass
+
+
+class SampleClass:
+    def _private_doc(self):
+        """SampleClass._private_doc.DOCSTRING"""
+        pass
+
+    def _private_undoc(self):
+        pass
+
+    def __special_doc__(self):
+        """SampleClass.__special_doc__.DOCSTRING"""
+        pass
+
+    def __special_undoc__(self):
+        pass
+
+    @simple_decorator
+    def __decorated_func__(self):
+        """Doc"""
+        pass
+
+
+class SampleError(Exception):
+    def _private_doc(self):
+        """SampleError._private_doc.DOCSTRING"""
+        pass
+
+    def _private_undoc(self):
+        pass
+
+    def __special_doc__(self):
+        """SampleError.__special_doc__.DOCSTRING"""
+        pass
+
+    def __special_undoc__(self):
+        pass
+
+
+SampleNamedTuple = namedtuple('SampleNamedTuple', 'user_id block_type def_id')
+
+
+class TestProcessDocstring:
+    def test_modify_in_place(self):
+        lines = ['Summary line.',
+                 '',
+                 'Args:',
+                 '   arg1: arg1 description']
+        app = mock.Mock()
+        app.config = Config()
+        _process_docstring(app, 'class', 'SampleClass', SampleClass,
+                           mock.Mock(), lines)
+
+        expected = ['Summary line.',
+                    '',
+                    ':param arg1: arg1 description',
+                    '']
+        assert expected == lines
+
+
+class TestSetup:
+    def test_unknown_app_type(self):
+        setup(object())
+
+    def test_add_config_values(self):
+        app = mock.Mock(Sphinx)
+        setup(app)
+        for name in Config._config_values:
+            has_config = False
+            for method_name, args, _kwargs in app.method_calls:
+                if (
+                    method_name == 'add_config_value' and
+                    args[0] == name
+                ):
+                    has_config = True
+            if not has_config:
+                pytest.fail('Config value was not added to app %s' % name)
+
+        has_process_docstring = False
+        has_skip_member = False
+        for method_name, args, _kwargs in app.method_calls:
+            if method_name == 'connect':
+                if (
+                    args[0] == 'autodoc-process-docstring' and
+                    args[1] == _process_docstring
+                ):
+                    has_process_docstring = True
+                elif (
+                    args[0] == 'autodoc-skip-member' and
+                    args[1] == _skip_member
+                ):
+                    has_skip_member = True
+        if not has_process_docstring:
+            pytest.fail('autodoc-process-docstring never connected')
+        if not has_skip_member:
+            pytest.fail('autodoc-skip-member never connected')
+
+
+class TestSkipMember:
+    def assert_skip(self, what, member, obj, expect_default_skip, config_name):
+        skip = True
+        app = mock.Mock()
+        app.config = Config()
+        setattr(app.config, config_name, True)
+        if expect_default_skip:
+            assert None is _skip_member(app, what, member, obj, skip, mock.Mock())
+        else:
+            assert _skip_member(app, what, member, obj, skip, mock.Mock()) is False
+        setattr(app.config, config_name, False)
+        assert None is _skip_member(app, what, member, obj, skip, mock.Mock())
+
+    def test_namedtuple(self):
+        # Since python 3.7, namedtuple._asdict() has not been documented
+        # because there is no way to check the method is a member of the
+        # namedtuple class.  This testcase confirms only it does not
+        # raise an error on building document (refs: #1455)
+        self.assert_skip('class', '_asdict',
+                         SampleNamedTuple._asdict, True,
+                         'napoleon_include_private_with_doc')
+
+    def test_class_private_doc(self):
+        self.assert_skip('class', '_private_doc',
+                         SampleClass._private_doc, False,
+                         'napoleon_include_private_with_doc')
+
+    def test_class_private_undoc(self):
+        self.assert_skip('class', '_private_undoc',
+                         SampleClass._private_undoc, True,
+                         'napoleon_include_private_with_doc')
+
+    def test_class_special_doc(self):
+        self.assert_skip('class', '__special_doc__',
+                         SampleClass.__special_doc__, False,
+                         'napoleon_include_special_with_doc')
+
+    def test_class_special_undoc(self):
+        self.assert_skip('class', '__special_undoc__',
+                         SampleClass.__special_undoc__, True,
+                         'napoleon_include_special_with_doc')
+
+    def test_class_decorated_doc(self):
+        self.assert_skip('class', '__decorated_func__',
+                         SampleClass.__decorated_func__, False,
+                         'napoleon_include_special_with_doc')
+
+    def test_exception_private_doc(self):
+        self.assert_skip('exception', '_private_doc',
+                         SampleError._private_doc, False,
+                         'napoleon_include_private_with_doc')
+
+    def test_exception_private_undoc(self):
+        self.assert_skip('exception', '_private_undoc',
+                         SampleError._private_undoc, True,
+                         'napoleon_include_private_with_doc')
+
+    def test_exception_special_doc(self):
+        self.assert_skip('exception', '__special_doc__',
+                         SampleError.__special_doc__, False,
+                         'napoleon_include_special_with_doc')
+
+    def test_exception_special_undoc(self):
+        self.assert_skip('exception', '__special_undoc__',
+                         SampleError.__special_undoc__, True,
+                         'napoleon_include_special_with_doc')
+
+    def test_module_private_doc(self):
+        self.assert_skip('module', '_private_doc', _private_doc, False,
+                         'napoleon_include_private_with_doc')
+
+    def test_module_private_undoc(self):
+        self.assert_skip('module', '_private_undoc', _private_undoc, True,
+                         'napoleon_include_private_with_doc')
+
+    def test_module_special_doc(self):
+        self.assert_skip('module', '__special_doc__', __special_doc__, False,
+                         'napoleon_include_special_with_doc')
+
+    def test_module_special_undoc(self):
+        self.assert_skip('module', '__special_undoc__', __special_undoc__, True,
+                         'napoleon_include_special_with_doc')
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_napoleon_docstring.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_napoleon_docstring.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7ef489
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_napoleon_docstring.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2703 @@
+"""Tests for :mod:`sphinx.ext.napoleon.docstring` module."""
+
+import re
+import zlib
+from collections import namedtuple
+from inspect import cleandoc
+from itertools import product
+from textwrap import dedent
+from unittest import mock
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.ext.intersphinx import load_mappings, normalize_intersphinx_mapping
+from sphinx.ext.napoleon import Config
+from sphinx.ext.napoleon.docstring import (
+    GoogleDocstring,
+    NumpyDocstring,
+    _convert_numpy_type_spec,
+    _recombine_set_tokens,
+    _token_type,
+    _tokenize_type_spec,
+)
+from sphinx.testing.util import etree_parse
+
+from tests.test_extensions.ext_napoleon_pep526_data_google import PEP526GoogleClass
+from tests.test_extensions.ext_napoleon_pep526_data_numpy import PEP526NumpyClass
+
+
+class NamedtupleSubclass(namedtuple('NamedtupleSubclass', ('attr1', 'attr2'))):
+    """Sample namedtuple subclass
+
+    Attributes
+    ----------
+    attr1 : Arbitrary type
+        Quick description of attr1
+    attr2 : Another arbitrary type
+        Quick description of attr2
+    attr3 : Type
+
+        Adds a newline after the type
+
+    """
+
+    # To avoid creating a dict, as a namedtuple doesn't have it:
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    def __new__(cls, attr1, attr2=None):
+        return super().__new__(cls, attr1, attr2)
+
+
+class TestNamedtupleSubclass:
+    def test_attributes_docstring(self):
+        config = Config()
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(cleandoc(NamedtupleSubclass.__doc__),
+                                    config=config, app=None, what='class',
+                                    name='NamedtupleSubclass', obj=NamedtupleSubclass))
+        expected = """\
+Sample namedtuple subclass
+
+.. attribute:: attr1
+
+   Quick description of attr1
+
+   :type: Arbitrary type
+
+.. attribute:: attr2
+
+   Quick description of attr2
+
+   :type: Another arbitrary type
+
+.. attribute:: attr3
+
+   Adds a newline after the type
+
+   :type: Type
+"""
+
+        assert expected == actual
+
+
+class TestInlineAttribute:
+    inline_google_docstring = ('inline description with '
+                               '``a : in code``, '
+                               'a :ref:`reference`, '
+                               'a `link <https://foo.bar>`_, '
+                               'a :meta public:, '
+                               'a :meta field: value and '
+                               'an host:port and HH:MM strings.')
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _docstring(source):
+        rst = GoogleDocstring(source, config=Config(), app=None, what='attribute', name='some_data', obj=0)
+        return str(rst)
+
+    def test_class_data_member(self):
+        source = 'data member description:\n\n- a: b'
+        actual = self._docstring(source).splitlines()
+        assert actual == ['data member description:', '', '- a: b']
+
+    def test_class_data_member_inline(self):
+        source = f'CustomType: {self.inline_google_docstring}'
+        actual = self._docstring(source).splitlines()
+        assert actual == [self.inline_google_docstring, '', ':type: CustomType']
+
+    def test_class_data_member_inline_no_type(self):
+        source = self.inline_google_docstring
+        actual = self._docstring(source).splitlines()
+        assert actual == [source]
+
+    def test_class_data_member_inline_ref_in_type(self):
+        source = f':class:`int`: {self.inline_google_docstring}'
+        actual = self._docstring(source).splitlines()
+        assert actual == [self.inline_google_docstring, '', ':type: :class:`int`']
+
+
+class TestGoogleDocstring:
+    docstrings = [(
+        """Single line summary""",
+        """Single line summary""",
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Extended description
+
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Extended description
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Args:
+          arg1(str):Extended
+            description of arg1
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Parameters: **arg1** (*str*) -- Extended
+                     description of arg1
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Args:
+          arg1(str):Extended
+            description of arg1
+          arg2 ( int ) : Extended
+            description of arg2
+
+        Keyword Args:
+          kwarg1(str):Extended
+            description of kwarg1
+          kwarg2 ( int ) : Extended
+            description of kwarg2""",
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Parameters: * **arg1** (*str*) -- Extended
+                       description of arg1
+                     * **arg2** (*int*) -- Extended
+                       description of arg2
+
+        :Keyword Arguments: * **kwarg1** (*str*) -- Extended
+                              description of kwarg1
+                            * **kwarg2** (*int*) -- Extended
+                              description of kwarg2
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Arguments:
+          arg1(str):Extended
+            description of arg1
+          arg2 ( int ) : Extended
+            description of arg2
+
+        Keyword Arguments:
+          kwarg1(str):Extended
+            description of kwarg1
+          kwarg2 ( int ) : Extended
+            description of kwarg2""",
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Parameters: * **arg1** (*str*) -- Extended
+                       description of arg1
+                     * **arg2** (*int*) -- Extended
+                       description of arg2
+
+        :Keyword Arguments: * **kwarg1** (*str*) -- Extended
+                              description of kwarg1
+                            * **kwarg2** (*int*) -- Extended
+                              description of kwarg2
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Return:
+          str:Extended
+          description of return value
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :returns: *str* -- Extended
+                  description of return value
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Returns:
+          str:Extended
+          description of return value
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :returns: *str* -- Extended
+                  description of return value
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Returns:
+          Extended
+          description of return value
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :returns: Extended
+                  description of return value
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Returns:
+          Extended
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :returns: Extended
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Args:
+          arg1(str):Extended
+            description of arg1
+          *args: Variable length argument list.
+          **kwargs: Arbitrary keyword arguments.
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Parameters: * **arg1** (*str*) -- Extended
+                       description of arg1
+                     * **\\*args** -- Variable length argument list.
+                     * **\\*\\*kwargs** -- Arbitrary keyword arguments.
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Args:
+          arg1 (list(int)): Description
+          arg2 (list[int]): Description
+          arg3 (dict(str, int)): Description
+          arg4 (dict[str, int]): Description
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Parameters: * **arg1** (*list(int)*) -- Description
+                     * **arg2** (*list[int]*) -- Description
+                     * **arg3** (*dict(str, int)*) -- Description
+                     * **arg4** (*dict[str, int]*) -- Description
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Receive:
+          arg1 (list(int)): Description
+          arg2 (list[int]): Description
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Receives: * **arg1** (*list(int)*) -- Description
+                   * **arg2** (*list[int]*) -- Description
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Receives:
+          arg1 (list(int)): Description
+          arg2 (list[int]): Description
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Receives: * **arg1** (*list(int)*) -- Description
+                   * **arg2** (*list[int]*) -- Description
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Yield:
+          str:Extended
+          description of yielded value
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Yields: *str* -- Extended
+                 description of yielded value
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Yields:
+          Extended
+          description of yielded value
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Yields: Extended
+                 description of yielded value
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Args:
+
+          arg1 (list of str): Extended
+              description of arg1.
+          arg2 (tuple of int): Extended
+              description of arg2.
+          arg3 (tuple of list of float): Extended
+              description of arg3.
+          arg4 (int, float, or list of bool): Extended
+              description of arg4.
+          arg5 (list of int, float, or bool): Extended
+              description of arg5.
+          arg6 (list of int or float): Extended
+              description of arg6.
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Parameters: * **arg1** (*list of str*) -- Extended
+                       description of arg1.
+                     * **arg2** (*tuple of int*) -- Extended
+                       description of arg2.
+                     * **arg3** (*tuple of list of float*) -- Extended
+                       description of arg3.
+                     * **arg4** (*int, float, or list of bool*) -- Extended
+                       description of arg4.
+                     * **arg5** (*list of int, float, or bool*) -- Extended
+                       description of arg5.
+                     * **arg6** (*list of int or float*) -- Extended
+                       description of arg6.
+        """,
+    )]
+
+    def test_sphinx_admonitions(self):
+        admonition_map = {
+            'Attention': 'attention',
+            'Caution': 'caution',
+            'Danger': 'danger',
+            'Error': 'error',
+            'Hint': 'hint',
+            'Important': 'important',
+            'Note': 'note',
+            'Tip': 'tip',
+            'Todo': 'todo',
+            'Warning': 'warning',
+            'Warnings': 'warning',
+        }
+        config = Config()
+        for section, admonition in admonition_map.items():
+            # Multiline
+            actual = str(GoogleDocstring(f"{section}:\n"
+                                         "    this is the first line\n"
+                                         "\n"
+                                         "    and this is the second line\n",
+                                         config))
+            expect = (f".. {admonition}::\n"
+                      "\n"
+                      "   this is the first line\n"
+                      "   \n"
+                      "   and this is the second line\n"
+                      )
+            assert expect == actual
+
+            # Single line
+            actual = str(GoogleDocstring(f"{section}:\n"
+                                         "    this is a single line\n",
+                                         config))
+            expect = f".. {admonition}:: this is a single line\n"
+            assert expect == actual
+
+    def test_docstrings(self):
+        config = Config(
+            napoleon_use_param=False,
+            napoleon_use_rtype=False,
+            napoleon_use_keyword=False,
+        )
+        for docstring, expected in self.docstrings:
+            actual = str(GoogleDocstring(dedent(docstring), config))
+            expected = dedent(expected)
+            assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_parameters_with_class_reference(self):
+        docstring = """\
+Construct a new XBlock.
+
+This class should only be used by runtimes.
+
+Arguments:
+    runtime (:class:`~typing.Dict`\\[:class:`int`,:class:`str`\\]): Use it to
+        access the environment. It is available in XBlock code
+        as ``self.runtime``.
+
+    field_data (:class:`FieldData`): Interface used by the XBlock
+        fields to access their data from wherever it is persisted.
+
+    scope_ids (:class:`ScopeIds`): Identifiers needed to resolve scopes.
+
+"""
+
+        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring))
+        expected = """\
+Construct a new XBlock.
+
+This class should only be used by runtimes.
+
+:param runtime: Use it to
+                access the environment. It is available in XBlock code
+                as ``self.runtime``.
+:type runtime: :class:`~typing.Dict`\\[:class:`int`,:class:`str`\\]
+:param field_data: Interface used by the XBlock
+                   fields to access their data from wherever it is persisted.
+:type field_data: :class:`FieldData`
+:param scope_ids: Identifiers needed to resolve scopes.
+:type scope_ids: :class:`ScopeIds`
+"""
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_attributes_with_class_reference(self):
+        docstring = """\
+Attributes:
+    in_attr(:class:`numpy.ndarray`): super-dooper attribute
+"""
+
+        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring))
+        expected = """\
+.. attribute:: in_attr
+
+   super-dooper attribute
+
+   :type: :class:`numpy.ndarray`
+"""
+        assert expected == actual
+
+        docstring = """\
+Attributes:
+    in_attr(numpy.ndarray): super-dooper attribute
+"""
+
+        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring))
+        expected = """\
+.. attribute:: in_attr
+
+   super-dooper attribute
+
+   :type: numpy.ndarray
+"""
+
+    def test_attributes_with_use_ivar(self):
+        docstring = """\
+Attributes:
+    foo (int): blah blah
+    bar (str): blah blah
+"""
+
+        config = Config(napoleon_use_ivar=True)
+        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring, config, obj=self.__class__))
+        expected = """\
+:ivar foo: blah blah
+:vartype foo: int
+:ivar bar: blah blah
+:vartype bar: str
+"""
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_code_block_in_returns_section(self):
+        docstring = """
+Returns:
+    foobar: foo::
+
+        codecode
+        codecode
+"""
+        expected = """
+:returns:
+
+          foo::
+
+              codecode
+              codecode
+:rtype: foobar
+"""
+        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring))
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_colon_in_return_type(self):
+        docstring = """Example property.
+
+Returns:
+    :py:class:`~.module.submodule.SomeClass`: an example instance
+    if available, None if not available.
+"""
+        expected = """Example property.
+
+:returns: an example instance
+          if available, None if not available.
+:rtype: :py:class:`~.module.submodule.SomeClass`
+"""
+        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring))
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_xrefs_in_return_type(self):
+        docstring = """Example Function
+
+Returns:
+    :class:`numpy.ndarray`: A :math:`n \\times 2` array containing
+    a bunch of math items
+"""
+        expected = """Example Function
+
+:returns: A :math:`n \\times 2` array containing
+          a bunch of math items
+:rtype: :class:`numpy.ndarray`
+"""
+        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring))
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_raises_types(self):
+        docstrings = [("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises:
+    RuntimeError:
+        A setting wasn't specified, or was invalid.
+    ValueError:
+        Something something value error.
+    :py:class:`AttributeError`
+        errors for missing attributes.
+    ~InvalidDimensionsError
+        If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+    `InvalidArgumentsError`
+        If the arguments are invalid.
+    :exc:`~ValueError`
+        If the arguments are wrong.
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises RuntimeError: A setting wasn't specified, or was invalid.
+:raises ValueError: Something something value error.
+:raises AttributeError: errors for missing attributes.
+:raises ~InvalidDimensionsError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+:raises InvalidArgumentsError: If the arguments are invalid.
+:raises ~ValueError: If the arguments are wrong.
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises:
+    InvalidDimensionsError
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises InvalidDimensionsError:
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises:
+    Invalid Dimensions Error
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises Invalid Dimensions Error:
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises:
+    Invalid Dimensions Error: With description
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises Invalid Dimensions Error: With description
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises:
+    InvalidDimensionsError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises InvalidDimensionsError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises:
+    Invalid Dimensions Error: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises Invalid Dimensions Error: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises:
+    If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.:
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises:
+    :class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError`
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises exc.InvalidDimensionsError:
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises:
+    :class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError`: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises exc.InvalidDimensionsError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises:
+    :class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError`: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed,
+       then a :class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError` will be raised.
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises exc.InvalidDimensionsError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed,
+    then a :class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError` will be raised.
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises:
+    :class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError`: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+    :class:`exc.InvalidArgumentsError`: If the arguments are invalid.
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises exc.InvalidDimensionsError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+:raises exc.InvalidArgumentsError: If the arguments are invalid.
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises:
+    :class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError`
+    :class:`exc.InvalidArgumentsError`
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises exc.InvalidDimensionsError:
+:raises exc.InvalidArgumentsError:
+""")]
+        for docstring, expected in docstrings:
+            actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring))
+            assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_kwargs_in_arguments(self):
+        docstring = """Allows to create attributes binded to this device.
+
+Some other paragraph.
+
+Code sample for usage::
+
+  dev.bind(loopback=Loopback)
+  dev.loopback.configure()
+
+Arguments:
+  **kwargs: name/class pairs that will create resource-managers
+    bound as instance attributes to this instance. See code
+    example above.
+"""
+        expected = """Allows to create attributes binded to this device.
+
+Some other paragraph.
+
+Code sample for usage::
+
+  dev.bind(loopback=Loopback)
+  dev.loopback.configure()
+
+:param \\*\\*kwargs: name/class pairs that will create resource-managers
+                   bound as instance attributes to this instance. See code
+                   example above.
+"""
+        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring))
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_section_header_formatting(self):
+        docstrings = [("""
+Summary line
+
+Example:
+    Multiline reStructuredText
+    literal code block
+
+""", """
+Summary line
+
+.. rubric:: Example
+
+Multiline reStructuredText
+literal code block
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Summary line
+
+Example::
+
+    Multiline reStructuredText
+    literal code block
+
+""", """
+Summary line
+
+Example::
+
+    Multiline reStructuredText
+    literal code block
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Summary line
+
+:Example:
+
+    Multiline reStructuredText
+    literal code block
+
+""", """
+Summary line
+
+:Example:
+
+    Multiline reStructuredText
+    literal code block
+""")]
+        for docstring, expected in docstrings:
+            actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring))
+            assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_list_in_parameter_description(self):
+        docstring = """One line summary.
+
+Parameters:
+    no_list (int):
+    one_bullet_empty (int):
+        *
+    one_bullet_single_line (int):
+        - first line
+    one_bullet_two_lines (int):
+        +   first line
+            continued
+    two_bullets_single_line (int):
+        -  first line
+        -  second line
+    two_bullets_two_lines (int):
+        * first line
+          continued
+        * second line
+          continued
+    one_enumeration_single_line (int):
+        1.  first line
+    one_enumeration_two_lines (int):
+        1)   first line
+             continued
+    two_enumerations_one_line (int):
+        (iii) first line
+        (iv) second line
+    two_enumerations_two_lines (int):
+        a. first line
+           continued
+        b. second line
+           continued
+    one_definition_one_line (int):
+        item 1
+            first line
+    one_definition_two_lines (int):
+        item 1
+            first line
+            continued
+    two_definitions_one_line (int):
+        item 1
+            first line
+        item 2
+            second line
+    two_definitions_two_lines (int):
+        item 1
+            first line
+            continued
+        item 2
+            second line
+            continued
+    one_definition_blank_line (int):
+        item 1
+
+            first line
+
+            extra first line
+
+    two_definitions_blank_lines (int):
+        item 1
+
+            first line
+
+            extra first line
+
+        item 2
+
+            second line
+
+            extra second line
+
+    definition_after_inline_text (int): text line
+
+        item 1
+            first line
+
+    definition_after_normal_text (int):
+        text line
+
+        item 1
+            first line
+"""
+
+        expected = """One line summary.
+
+:param no_list:
+:type no_list: int
+:param one_bullet_empty:
+                         *
+:type one_bullet_empty: int
+:param one_bullet_single_line:
+                               - first line
+:type one_bullet_single_line: int
+:param one_bullet_two_lines:
+                             +   first line
+                                 continued
+:type one_bullet_two_lines: int
+:param two_bullets_single_line:
+                                -  first line
+                                -  second line
+:type two_bullets_single_line: int
+:param two_bullets_two_lines:
+                              * first line
+                                continued
+                              * second line
+                                continued
+:type two_bullets_two_lines: int
+:param one_enumeration_single_line:
+                                    1.  first line
+:type one_enumeration_single_line: int
+:param one_enumeration_two_lines:
+                                  1)   first line
+                                       continued
+:type one_enumeration_two_lines: int
+:param two_enumerations_one_line:
+                                  (iii) first line
+                                  (iv) second line
+:type two_enumerations_one_line: int
+:param two_enumerations_two_lines:
+                                   a. first line
+                                      continued
+                                   b. second line
+                                      continued
+:type two_enumerations_two_lines: int
+:param one_definition_one_line:
+                                item 1
+                                    first line
+:type one_definition_one_line: int
+:param one_definition_two_lines:
+                                 item 1
+                                     first line
+                                     continued
+:type one_definition_two_lines: int
+:param two_definitions_one_line:
+                                 item 1
+                                     first line
+                                 item 2
+                                     second line
+:type two_definitions_one_line: int
+:param two_definitions_two_lines:
+                                  item 1
+                                      first line
+                                      continued
+                                  item 2
+                                      second line
+                                      continued
+:type two_definitions_two_lines: int
+:param one_definition_blank_line:
+                                  item 1
+
+                                      first line
+
+                                      extra first line
+:type one_definition_blank_line: int
+:param two_definitions_blank_lines:
+                                    item 1
+
+                                        first line
+
+                                        extra first line
+
+                                    item 2
+
+                                        second line
+
+                                        extra second line
+:type two_definitions_blank_lines: int
+:param definition_after_inline_text: text line
+
+                                     item 1
+                                         first line
+:type definition_after_inline_text: int
+:param definition_after_normal_text: text line
+
+                                     item 1
+                                         first line
+:type definition_after_normal_text: int
+"""
+        config = Config(napoleon_use_param=True)
+        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring, config))
+        assert expected == actual
+
+        expected = """One line summary.
+
+:Parameters: * **no_list** (*int*)
+             * **one_bullet_empty** (*int*) --
+
+               *
+             * **one_bullet_single_line** (*int*) --
+
+               - first line
+             * **one_bullet_two_lines** (*int*) --
+
+               +   first line
+                   continued
+             * **two_bullets_single_line** (*int*) --
+
+               -  first line
+               -  second line
+             * **two_bullets_two_lines** (*int*) --
+
+               * first line
+                 continued
+               * second line
+                 continued
+             * **one_enumeration_single_line** (*int*) --
+
+               1.  first line
+             * **one_enumeration_two_lines** (*int*) --
+
+               1)   first line
+                    continued
+             * **two_enumerations_one_line** (*int*) --
+
+               (iii) first line
+               (iv) second line
+             * **two_enumerations_two_lines** (*int*) --
+
+               a. first line
+                  continued
+               b. second line
+                  continued
+             * **one_definition_one_line** (*int*) --
+
+               item 1
+                   first line
+             * **one_definition_two_lines** (*int*) --
+
+               item 1
+                   first line
+                   continued
+             * **two_definitions_one_line** (*int*) --
+
+               item 1
+                   first line
+               item 2
+                   second line
+             * **two_definitions_two_lines** (*int*) --
+
+               item 1
+                   first line
+                   continued
+               item 2
+                   second line
+                   continued
+             * **one_definition_blank_line** (*int*) --
+
+               item 1
+
+                   first line
+
+                   extra first line
+             * **two_definitions_blank_lines** (*int*) --
+
+               item 1
+
+                   first line
+
+                   extra first line
+
+               item 2
+
+                   second line
+
+                   extra second line
+             * **definition_after_inline_text** (*int*) -- text line
+
+               item 1
+                   first line
+             * **definition_after_normal_text** (*int*) -- text line
+
+               item 1
+                   first line
+"""
+        config = Config(napoleon_use_param=False)
+        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring, config))
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_custom_generic_sections(self):
+
+        docstrings = (("""\
+Really Important Details:
+    You should listen to me!
+""", """.. rubric:: Really Important Details
+
+You should listen to me!
+"""),
+                      ("""\
+Sooper Warning:
+    Stop hitting yourself!
+""", """:Warns: **Stop hitting yourself!**
+"""),
+                      ("""\
+Params Style:
+    arg1 (int): Description of arg1
+    arg2 (str): Description of arg2
+
+""", """\
+:Params Style: * **arg1** (*int*) -- Description of arg1
+               * **arg2** (*str*) -- Description of arg2
+"""),
+                      ("""\
+Returns Style:
+    description of custom section
+
+""", """:Returns Style: description of custom section
+"""))
+
+        testConfig = Config(napoleon_custom_sections=['Really Important Details',
+                                                      ('Sooper Warning', 'warns'),
+                                                      ('Params Style', 'params_style'),
+                                                      ('Returns Style', 'returns_style')])
+
+        for docstring, expected in docstrings:
+            actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring, testConfig))
+            assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_noindex(self):
+        docstring = """
+Attributes:
+    arg
+        description
+
+Methods:
+    func(i, j)
+        description
+"""
+
+        expected = """
+.. attribute:: arg
+   :no-index:
+
+   description
+
+.. method:: func(i, j)
+   :no-index:
+
+   
+   description
+"""  # NoQA: W293
+        config = Config()
+        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring, config=config, app=None, what='module',
+                                     options={'no-index': True}))
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_keywords_with_types(self):
+        docstring = """\
+Do as you please
+
+Keyword Args:
+    gotham_is_yours (None): shall interfere.
+"""
+        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring))
+        expected = """\
+Do as you please
+
+:keyword gotham_is_yours: shall interfere.
+:kwtype gotham_is_yours: None
+"""
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_pep526_annotations(self):
+        # Test class attributes annotations
+        config = Config(
+            napoleon_attr_annotations=True,
+        )
+        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(cleandoc(PEP526GoogleClass.__doc__), config, app=None, what="class",
+                                     obj=PEP526GoogleClass))
+        expected = """\
+Sample class with PEP 526 annotations and google docstring.
+
+.. attribute:: attr1
+
+   Attr1 description.
+
+   :type: int
+
+.. attribute:: attr2
+
+   Attr2 description.
+
+   :type: str
+"""
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_preprocess_types(self):
+        docstring = """\
+Do as you please
+
+Yield:
+   str:Extended
+"""
+        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring))
+        expected = """\
+Do as you please
+
+:Yields: *str* -- Extended
+"""
+        assert expected == actual
+
+        config = Config(napoleon_preprocess_types=True)
+        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring, config))
+        expected = """\
+Do as you please
+
+:Yields: :py:class:`str` -- Extended
+"""
+        assert expected == actual
+
+
+class TestNumpyDocstring:
+    docstrings = [(
+        """Single line summary""",
+        """Single line summary""",
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Extended description
+
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Extended description
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        arg1:str
+            Extended
+            description of arg1
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Parameters: **arg1** (:class:`str`) -- Extended
+                     description of arg1
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        arg1:str
+            Extended
+            description of arg1
+        arg2 : int
+            Extended
+            description of arg2
+
+        Keyword Arguments
+        -----------------
+          kwarg1:str
+              Extended
+              description of kwarg1
+          kwarg2 : int
+              Extended
+              description of kwarg2
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Parameters: * **arg1** (:class:`str`) -- Extended
+                       description of arg1
+                     * **arg2** (:class:`int`) -- Extended
+                       description of arg2
+
+        :Keyword Arguments: * **kwarg1** (:class:`str`) -- Extended
+                              description of kwarg1
+                            * **kwarg2** (:class:`int`) -- Extended
+                              description of kwarg2
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Return
+        ------
+        str
+            Extended
+            description of return value
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :returns: :class:`str` -- Extended
+                  description of return value
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        str
+            Extended
+            description of return value
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :returns: :class:`str` -- Extended
+                  description of return value
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        arg1:str
+             Extended description of arg1
+        *args:
+            Variable length argument list.
+        **kwargs:
+            Arbitrary keyword arguments.
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Parameters: * **arg1** (:class:`str`) -- Extended description of arg1
+                     * **\\*args** -- Variable length argument list.
+                     * **\\*\\*kwargs** -- Arbitrary keyword arguments.
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        arg1:str
+             Extended description of arg1
+        *args, **kwargs:
+            Variable length argument list and arbitrary keyword arguments.
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Parameters: * **arg1** (:class:`str`) -- Extended description of arg1
+                     * **\\*args, \\*\\*kwargs** -- Variable length argument list and arbitrary keyword arguments.
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Receive
+        -------
+        arg1:str
+            Extended
+            description of arg1
+        arg2 : int
+            Extended
+            description of arg2
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Receives: * **arg1** (:class:`str`) -- Extended
+                     description of arg1
+                   * **arg2** (:class:`int`) -- Extended
+                     description of arg2
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Receives
+        --------
+        arg1:str
+            Extended
+            description of arg1
+        arg2 : int
+            Extended
+            description of arg2
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Receives: * **arg1** (:class:`str`) -- Extended
+                     description of arg1
+                   * **arg2** (:class:`int`) -- Extended
+                     description of arg2
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Yield
+        -----
+        str
+            Extended
+            description of yielded value
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Yields: :class:`str` -- Extended
+                 description of yielded value
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Yields
+        ------
+        str
+            Extended
+            description of yielded value
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Yields: :class:`str` -- Extended
+                 description of yielded value
+        """,
+    )]
+
+    def test_sphinx_admonitions(self):
+        admonition_map = {
+            'Attention': 'attention',
+            'Caution': 'caution',
+            'Danger': 'danger',
+            'Error': 'error',
+            'Hint': 'hint',
+            'Important': 'important',
+            'Note': 'note',
+            'Tip': 'tip',
+            'Todo': 'todo',
+            'Warning': 'warning',
+            'Warnings': 'warning',
+        }
+        config = Config()
+        for section, admonition in admonition_map.items():
+            # Multiline
+            actual = str(NumpyDocstring(f"{section}\n"
+                                        f"{'-' * len(section)}\n"
+                                        "    this is the first line\n"
+                                        "\n"
+                                        "    and this is the second line\n",
+                                        config))
+            expect = (f".. {admonition}::\n"
+                      "\n"
+                      "   this is the first line\n"
+                      "   \n"
+                      "   and this is the second line\n"
+                      )
+            assert expect == actual
+
+            # Single line
+            actual = str(NumpyDocstring(f"{section}\n"
+                                        f"{'-' * len(section)}\n"
+                                        f"    this is a single line\n",
+                                        config))
+            expect = f".. {admonition}:: this is a single line\n"
+            assert expect == actual
+
+    def test_docstrings(self):
+        config = Config(
+            napoleon_use_param=False,
+            napoleon_use_rtype=False,
+            napoleon_use_keyword=False,
+            napoleon_preprocess_types=True)
+        for docstring, expected in self.docstrings:
+            actual = str(NumpyDocstring(dedent(docstring), config))
+            expected = dedent(expected)
+            assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_type_preprocessor(self):
+        docstring = dedent("""
+        Single line summary
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        arg1:str
+            Extended
+            description of arg1
+        """)
+
+        config = Config(napoleon_preprocess_types=False, napoleon_use_param=False)
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config))
+        expected = dedent("""
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Parameters: **arg1** (*str*) -- Extended
+                     description of arg1
+        """)
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_parameters_with_class_reference(self):
+        docstring = """\
+Parameters
+----------
+param1 : :class:`MyClass <name.space.MyClass>` instance
+
+Other Parameters
+----------------
+param2 : :class:`MyClass <name.space.MyClass>` instance
+
+"""
+
+        config = Config(napoleon_use_param=False)
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config))
+        expected = """\
+:Parameters: **param1** (:class:`MyClass <name.space.MyClass>` instance)
+
+:Other Parameters: **param2** (:class:`MyClass <name.space.MyClass>` instance)
+"""
+        assert expected == actual
+
+        config = Config(napoleon_use_param=True)
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config))
+        expected = """\
+:param param1:
+:type param1: :class:`MyClass <name.space.MyClass>` instance
+
+:param param2:
+:type param2: :class:`MyClass <name.space.MyClass>` instance
+"""
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_multiple_parameters(self):
+        docstring = """\
+Parameters
+----------
+x1, x2 : array_like
+    Input arrays, description of ``x1``, ``x2``.
+
+"""
+
+        config = Config(napoleon_use_param=False)
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config))
+        expected = """\
+:Parameters: **x1, x2** (*array_like*) -- Input arrays, description of ``x1``, ``x2``.
+"""
+        assert expected == actual
+
+        config = Config(napoleon_use_param=True)
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(dedent(docstring), config))
+        expected = """\
+:param x1: Input arrays, description of ``x1``, ``x2``.
+:type x1: array_like
+:param x2: Input arrays, description of ``x1``, ``x2``.
+:type x2: array_like
+"""
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_parameters_without_class_reference(self):
+        docstring = """\
+Parameters
+----------
+param1 : MyClass instance
+
+"""
+
+        config = Config(napoleon_use_param=False)
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config))
+        expected = """\
+:Parameters: **param1** (*MyClass instance*)
+"""
+        assert expected == actual
+
+        config = Config(napoleon_use_param=True)
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(dedent(docstring), config))
+        expected = """\
+:param param1:
+:type param1: MyClass instance
+"""
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_see_also_refs(self):
+        docstring = """\
+numpy.multivariate_normal(mean, cov, shape=None, spam=None)
+
+See Also
+--------
+some, other, funcs
+otherfunc : relationship
+
+"""
+
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring))
+
+        expected = """\
+numpy.multivariate_normal(mean, cov, shape=None, spam=None)
+
+.. seealso::
+
+   :obj:`some`, :obj:`other`, :obj:`funcs`
+   \n\
+   :obj:`otherfunc`
+       relationship
+"""
+        assert expected == actual
+
+        docstring = """\
+numpy.multivariate_normal(mean, cov, shape=None, spam=None)
+
+See Also
+--------
+some, other, funcs
+otherfunc : relationship
+
+"""
+
+        config = Config()
+        app = mock.Mock()
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config, app, "method"))
+
+        expected = """\
+numpy.multivariate_normal(mean, cov, shape=None, spam=None)
+
+.. seealso::
+
+   :obj:`some`, :obj:`other`, :obj:`funcs`
+   \n\
+   :obj:`otherfunc`
+       relationship
+"""
+        assert expected == actual
+
+        docstring = """\
+numpy.multivariate_normal(mean, cov, shape=None, spam=None)
+
+See Also
+--------
+some, other, :func:`funcs`
+otherfunc : relationship
+
+"""
+        translations = {
+            "other": "MyClass.other",
+            "otherfunc": ":func:`~my_package.otherfunc`",
+        }
+        config = Config(napoleon_type_aliases=translations)
+        app = mock.Mock()
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config, app, "method"))
+
+        expected = """\
+numpy.multivariate_normal(mean, cov, shape=None, spam=None)
+
+.. seealso::
+
+   :obj:`some`, :obj:`MyClass.other`, :func:`funcs`
+   \n\
+   :func:`~my_package.otherfunc`
+       relationship
+"""
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_colon_in_return_type(self):
+        docstring = """
+Summary
+
+Returns
+-------
+:py:class:`~my_mod.my_class`
+    an instance of :py:class:`~my_mod.my_class`
+"""
+
+        expected = """
+Summary
+
+:returns: an instance of :py:class:`~my_mod.my_class`
+:rtype: :py:class:`~my_mod.my_class`
+"""
+
+        config = Config()
+        app = mock.Mock()
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config, app, "method"))
+
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_underscore_in_attribute(self):
+        docstring = """
+Attributes
+----------
+
+arg_ : type
+    some description
+"""
+
+        expected = """
+:ivar arg_: some description
+:vartype arg_: type
+"""
+
+        config = Config(napoleon_use_ivar=True)
+        app = mock.Mock()
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config, app, "class"))
+
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_underscore_in_attribute_strip_signature_backslash(self):
+        docstring = """
+Attributes
+----------
+
+arg_ : type
+    some description
+"""
+
+        expected = """
+:ivar arg\\_: some description
+:vartype arg\\_: type
+"""
+
+        config = Config(napoleon_use_ivar=True)
+        config.strip_signature_backslash = True
+        app = mock.Mock()
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config, app, "class"))
+
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_return_types(self):
+        docstring = dedent("""
+            Returns
+            -------
+            DataFrame
+                a dataframe
+        """)
+        expected = dedent("""
+           :returns: a dataframe
+           :rtype: :class:`~pandas.DataFrame`
+        """)
+        translations = {
+            "DataFrame": "~pandas.DataFrame",
+        }
+        config = Config(
+            napoleon_use_param=True,
+            napoleon_use_rtype=True,
+            napoleon_preprocess_types=True,
+            napoleon_type_aliases=translations,
+        )
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config))
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_yield_types(self):
+        docstring = dedent("""
+            Example Function
+
+            Yields
+            ------
+            scalar or array-like
+                The result of the computation
+        """)
+        expected = dedent("""
+            Example Function
+
+            :Yields: :term:`scalar` or :class:`array-like <numpy.ndarray>` -- The result of the computation
+        """)
+        translations = {
+            "scalar": ":term:`scalar`",
+            "array-like": ":class:`array-like <numpy.ndarray>`",
+        }
+        config = Config(napoleon_type_aliases=translations, napoleon_preprocess_types=True)
+        app = mock.Mock()
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config, app, "method"))
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_raises_types(self):
+        docstrings = [("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises
+------
+  RuntimeError
+
+      A setting wasn't specified, or was invalid.
+  ValueError
+
+      Something something value error.
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises RuntimeError: A setting wasn't specified, or was invalid.
+:raises ValueError: Something something value error.
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises
+------
+InvalidDimensionsError
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises InvalidDimensionsError:
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises
+------
+Invalid Dimensions Error
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises Invalid Dimensions Error:
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises
+------
+Invalid Dimensions Error
+    With description
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises Invalid Dimensions Error: With description
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises
+------
+InvalidDimensionsError
+    If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises InvalidDimensionsError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises
+------
+Invalid Dimensions Error
+    If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises Invalid Dimensions Error: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises
+------
+If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.:
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises
+------
+:class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError`
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises exc.InvalidDimensionsError:
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises
+------
+:class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError`
+    If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises exc.InvalidDimensionsError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises
+------
+:class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError`
+    If the dimensions couldn't be parsed,
+    then a :class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError` will be raised.
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises exc.InvalidDimensionsError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed,
+    then a :class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError` will be raised.
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises
+------
+:class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError`
+    If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+:class:`exc.InvalidArgumentsError`
+    If the arguments are invalid.
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises exc.InvalidDimensionsError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+:raises exc.InvalidArgumentsError: If the arguments are invalid.
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises
+------
+CustomError
+    If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises package.CustomError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises
+------
+AnotherError
+    If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises ~package.AnotherError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises
+------
+:class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError`
+:class:`exc.InvalidArgumentsError`
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises exc.InvalidDimensionsError:
+:raises exc.InvalidArgumentsError:
+""")]
+        for docstring, expected in docstrings:
+            translations = {
+                "CustomError": "package.CustomError",
+                "AnotherError": ":py:exc:`~package.AnotherError`",
+            }
+            config = Config(napoleon_type_aliases=translations, napoleon_preprocess_types=True)
+            app = mock.Mock()
+            actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config, app, "method"))
+            assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_xrefs_in_return_type(self):
+        docstring = """
+Example Function
+
+Returns
+-------
+:class:`numpy.ndarray`
+    A :math:`n \\times 2` array containing
+    a bunch of math items
+"""
+        expected = """
+Example Function
+
+:returns: A :math:`n \\times 2` array containing
+          a bunch of math items
+:rtype: :class:`numpy.ndarray`
+"""
+        config = Config()
+        app = mock.Mock()
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config, app, "method"))
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_section_header_underline_length(self):
+        docstrings = [("""
+Summary line
+
+Example
+-
+Multiline example
+body
+
+""", """
+Summary line
+
+Example
+-
+Multiline example
+body
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Summary line
+
+Example
+--
+Multiline example
+body
+
+""", """
+Summary line
+
+.. rubric:: Example
+
+Multiline example
+body
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Summary line
+
+Example
+-------
+Multiline example
+body
+
+""", """
+Summary line
+
+.. rubric:: Example
+
+Multiline example
+body
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Summary line
+
+Example
+------------
+Multiline example
+body
+
+""", """
+Summary line
+
+.. rubric:: Example
+
+Multiline example
+body
+""")]
+        for docstring, expected in docstrings:
+            actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring))
+            assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_list_in_parameter_description(self):
+        docstring = """One line summary.
+
+Parameters
+----------
+no_list : int
+one_bullet_empty : int
+    *
+one_bullet_single_line : int
+    - first line
+one_bullet_two_lines : int
+    +   first line
+        continued
+two_bullets_single_line : int
+    -  first line
+    -  second line
+two_bullets_two_lines : int
+    * first line
+      continued
+    * second line
+      continued
+one_enumeration_single_line : int
+    1.  first line
+one_enumeration_two_lines : int
+    1)   first line
+         continued
+two_enumerations_one_line : int
+    (iii) first line
+    (iv) second line
+two_enumerations_two_lines : int
+    a. first line
+       continued
+    b. second line
+       continued
+one_definition_one_line : int
+    item 1
+        first line
+one_definition_two_lines : int
+    item 1
+        first line
+        continued
+two_definitions_one_line : int
+    item 1
+        first line
+    item 2
+        second line
+two_definitions_two_lines : int
+    item 1
+        first line
+        continued
+    item 2
+        second line
+        continued
+one_definition_blank_line : int
+    item 1
+
+        first line
+
+        extra first line
+
+two_definitions_blank_lines : int
+    item 1
+
+        first line
+
+        extra first line
+
+    item 2
+
+        second line
+
+        extra second line
+
+definition_after_normal_text : int
+    text line
+
+    item 1
+        first line
+"""
+
+        expected = """One line summary.
+
+:param no_list:
+:type no_list: int
+:param one_bullet_empty:
+                         *
+:type one_bullet_empty: int
+:param one_bullet_single_line:
+                               - first line
+:type one_bullet_single_line: int
+:param one_bullet_two_lines:
+                             +   first line
+                                 continued
+:type one_bullet_two_lines: int
+:param two_bullets_single_line:
+                                -  first line
+                                -  second line
+:type two_bullets_single_line: int
+:param two_bullets_two_lines:
+                              * first line
+                                continued
+                              * second line
+                                continued
+:type two_bullets_two_lines: int
+:param one_enumeration_single_line:
+                                    1.  first line
+:type one_enumeration_single_line: int
+:param one_enumeration_two_lines:
+                                  1)   first line
+                                       continued
+:type one_enumeration_two_lines: int
+:param two_enumerations_one_line:
+                                  (iii) first line
+                                  (iv) second line
+:type two_enumerations_one_line: int
+:param two_enumerations_two_lines:
+                                   a. first line
+                                      continued
+                                   b. second line
+                                      continued
+:type two_enumerations_two_lines: int
+:param one_definition_one_line:
+                                item 1
+                                    first line
+:type one_definition_one_line: int
+:param one_definition_two_lines:
+                                 item 1
+                                     first line
+                                     continued
+:type one_definition_two_lines: int
+:param two_definitions_one_line:
+                                 item 1
+                                     first line
+                                 item 2
+                                     second line
+:type two_definitions_one_line: int
+:param two_definitions_two_lines:
+                                  item 1
+                                      first line
+                                      continued
+                                  item 2
+                                      second line
+                                      continued
+:type two_definitions_two_lines: int
+:param one_definition_blank_line:
+                                  item 1
+
+                                      first line
+
+                                      extra first line
+:type one_definition_blank_line: int
+:param two_definitions_blank_lines:
+                                    item 1
+
+                                        first line
+
+                                        extra first line
+
+                                    item 2
+
+                                        second line
+
+                                        extra second line
+:type two_definitions_blank_lines: int
+:param definition_after_normal_text: text line
+
+                                     item 1
+                                         first line
+:type definition_after_normal_text: int
+"""
+        config = Config(napoleon_use_param=True)
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config))
+        assert expected == actual
+
+        expected = """One line summary.
+
+:Parameters: * **no_list** (:class:`int`)
+             * **one_bullet_empty** (:class:`int`) --
+
+               *
+             * **one_bullet_single_line** (:class:`int`) --
+
+               - first line
+             * **one_bullet_two_lines** (:class:`int`) --
+
+               +   first line
+                   continued
+             * **two_bullets_single_line** (:class:`int`) --
+
+               -  first line
+               -  second line
+             * **two_bullets_two_lines** (:class:`int`) --
+
+               * first line
+                 continued
+               * second line
+                 continued
+             * **one_enumeration_single_line** (:class:`int`) --
+
+               1.  first line
+             * **one_enumeration_two_lines** (:class:`int`) --
+
+               1)   first line
+                    continued
+             * **two_enumerations_one_line** (:class:`int`) --
+
+               (iii) first line
+               (iv) second line
+             * **two_enumerations_two_lines** (:class:`int`) --
+
+               a. first line
+                  continued
+               b. second line
+                  continued
+             * **one_definition_one_line** (:class:`int`) --
+
+               item 1
+                   first line
+             * **one_definition_two_lines** (:class:`int`) --
+
+               item 1
+                   first line
+                   continued
+             * **two_definitions_one_line** (:class:`int`) --
+
+               item 1
+                   first line
+               item 2
+                   second line
+             * **two_definitions_two_lines** (:class:`int`) --
+
+               item 1
+                   first line
+                   continued
+               item 2
+                   second line
+                   continued
+             * **one_definition_blank_line** (:class:`int`) --
+
+               item 1
+
+                   first line
+
+                   extra first line
+             * **two_definitions_blank_lines** (:class:`int`) --
+
+               item 1
+
+                   first line
+
+                   extra first line
+
+               item 2
+
+                   second line
+
+                   extra second line
+             * **definition_after_normal_text** (:class:`int`) -- text line
+
+               item 1
+                   first line
+"""
+        config = Config(napoleon_use_param=False, napoleon_preprocess_types=True)
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config))
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_token_type(self):
+        tokens = (
+            ("1", "literal"),
+            ("-4.6", "literal"),
+            ("2j", "literal"),
+            ("'string'", "literal"),
+            ('"another_string"', "literal"),
+            ("{1, 2}", "literal"),
+            ("{'va{ue', 'set'}", "literal"),
+            ("optional", "control"),
+            ("default", "control"),
+            (", ", "delimiter"),
+            (" of ", "delimiter"),
+            (" or ", "delimiter"),
+            (": ", "delimiter"),
+            ("True", "obj"),
+            ("None", "obj"),
+            ("name", "obj"),
+            (":py:class:`Enum`", "reference"),
+        )
+
+        for token, expected in tokens:
+            actual = _token_type(token)
+            assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_tokenize_type_spec(self):
+        specs = (
+            "str",
+            "defaultdict",
+            "int, float, or complex",
+            "int or float or None, optional",
+            "list of list of int or float, optional",
+            "tuple of list of str, float, or int",
+            '{"F", "C", "N"}',
+            "{'F', 'C', 'N'}, default: 'F'",
+            "{'F', 'C', 'N or C'}, default 'F'",
+            "str, default: 'F or C'",
+            "int, default: None",
+            "int, default None",
+            "int, default :obj:`None`",
+            '"ma{icious"',
+            r"'with \'quotes\''",
+        )
+
+        tokens = (
+            ["str"],
+            ["defaultdict"],
+            ["int", ", ", "float", ", or ", "complex"],
+            ["int", " or ", "float", " or ", "None", ", ", "optional"],
+            ["list", " of ", "list", " of ", "int", " or ", "float", ", ", "optional"],
+            ["tuple", " of ", "list", " of ", "str", ", ", "float", ", or ", "int"],
+            ["{", '"F"', ", ", '"C"', ", ", '"N"', "}"],
+            ["{", "'F'", ", ", "'C'", ", ", "'N'", "}", ", ", "default", ": ", "'F'"],
+            ["{", "'F'", ", ", "'C'", ", ", "'N or C'", "}", ", ", "default", " ", "'F'"],
+            ["str", ", ", "default", ": ", "'F or C'"],
+            ["int", ", ", "default", ": ", "None"],
+            ["int", ", ", "default", " ", "None"],
+            ["int", ", ", "default", " ", ":obj:`None`"],
+            ['"ma{icious"'],
+            [r"'with \'quotes\''"],
+        )
+
+        for spec, expected in zip(specs, tokens):
+            actual = _tokenize_type_spec(spec)
+            assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_recombine_set_tokens(self):
+        tokens = (
+            ["{", "1", ", ", "2", "}"],
+            ["{", '"F"', ", ", '"C"', ", ", '"N"', "}", ", ", "optional"],
+            ["{", "'F'", ", ", "'C'", ", ", "'N'", "}", ", ", "default", ": ", "None"],
+            ["{", "'F'", ", ", "'C'", ", ", "'N'", "}", ", ", "default", " ", "None"],
+        )
+
+        combined_tokens = (
+            ["{1, 2}"],
+            ['{"F", "C", "N"}', ", ", "optional"],
+            ["{'F', 'C', 'N'}", ", ", "default", ": ", "None"],
+            ["{'F', 'C', 'N'}", ", ", "default", " ", "None"],
+        )
+
+        for tokens_, expected in zip(tokens, combined_tokens):
+            actual = _recombine_set_tokens(tokens_)
+            assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_recombine_set_tokens_invalid(self):
+        tokens = (
+            ["{", "1", ", ", "2"],
+            ['"F"', ", ", '"C"', ", ", '"N"', "}", ", ", "optional"],
+            ["{", "1", ", ", "2", ", ", "default", ": ", "None"],
+        )
+        combined_tokens = (
+            ["{1, 2"],
+            ['"F"', ", ", '"C"', ", ", '"N"', "}", ", ", "optional"],
+            ["{1, 2", ", ", "default", ": ", "None"],
+        )
+
+        for tokens_, expected in zip(tokens, combined_tokens):
+            actual = _recombine_set_tokens(tokens_)
+            assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_convert_numpy_type_spec(self):
+        translations = {
+            "DataFrame": "pandas.DataFrame",
+        }
+
+        specs = (
+            "",
+            "optional",
+            "str, optional",
+            "int or float or None, default: None",
+            "list of tuple of str, optional",
+            "int, default None",
+            '{"F", "C", "N"}',
+            "{'F', 'C', 'N'}, default: 'N'",
+            "{'F', 'C', 'N'}, default 'N'",
+            "DataFrame, optional",
+        )
+
+        converted = (
+            "",
+            "*optional*",
+            ":class:`str`, *optional*",
+            ":class:`int` or :class:`float` or :obj:`None`, *default*: :obj:`None`",
+            ":class:`list` of :class:`tuple` of :class:`str`, *optional*",
+            ":class:`int`, *default* :obj:`None`",
+            '``{"F", "C", "N"}``',
+            "``{'F', 'C', 'N'}``, *default*: ``'N'``",
+            "``{'F', 'C', 'N'}``, *default* ``'N'``",
+            ":class:`pandas.DataFrame`, *optional*",
+        )
+
+        for spec, expected in zip(specs, converted):
+            actual = _convert_numpy_type_spec(spec, translations=translations)
+            assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_parameter_types(self):
+        docstring = dedent("""\
+            Parameters
+            ----------
+            param1 : DataFrame
+                the data to work on
+            param2 : int or float or None, optional
+                a parameter with different types
+            param3 : dict-like, optional
+                a optional mapping
+            param4 : int or float or None, optional
+                a optional parameter with different types
+            param5 : {"F", "C", "N"}, optional
+                a optional parameter with fixed values
+            param6 : int, default None
+                different default format
+            param7 : mapping of hashable to str, optional
+                a optional mapping
+            param8 : ... or Ellipsis
+                ellipsis
+            param9 : tuple of list of int
+                a parameter with tuple of list of int
+        """)
+        expected = dedent("""\
+            :param param1: the data to work on
+            :type param1: :class:`DataFrame`
+            :param param2: a parameter with different types
+            :type param2: :class:`int` or :class:`float` or :obj:`None`, *optional*
+            :param param3: a optional mapping
+            :type param3: :term:`dict-like <mapping>`, *optional*
+            :param param4: a optional parameter with different types
+            :type param4: :class:`int` or :class:`float` or :obj:`None`, *optional*
+            :param param5: a optional parameter with fixed values
+            :type param5: ``{"F", "C", "N"}``, *optional*
+            :param param6: different default format
+            :type param6: :class:`int`, *default* :obj:`None`
+            :param param7: a optional mapping
+            :type param7: :term:`mapping` of :term:`hashable` to :class:`str`, *optional*
+            :param param8: ellipsis
+            :type param8: :obj:`... <Ellipsis>` or :obj:`Ellipsis`
+            :param param9: a parameter with tuple of list of int
+            :type param9: :class:`tuple` of :class:`list` of :class:`int`
+        """)
+        translations = {
+            "dict-like": ":term:`dict-like <mapping>`",
+            "mapping": ":term:`mapping`",
+            "hashable": ":term:`hashable`",
+        }
+        config = Config(
+            napoleon_use_param=True,
+            napoleon_use_rtype=True,
+            napoleon_preprocess_types=True,
+            napoleon_type_aliases=translations,
+        )
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config))
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_token_type_invalid(self, warning):
+        tokens = (
+            "{1, 2",
+            "}",
+            "'abc",
+            "def'",
+            '"ghi',
+            'jkl"',
+        )
+        errors = (
+            r".+: invalid value set \(missing closing brace\):",
+            r".+: invalid value set \(missing opening brace\):",
+            r".+: malformed string literal \(missing closing quote\):",
+            r".+: malformed string literal \(missing opening quote\):",
+            r".+: malformed string literal \(missing closing quote\):",
+            r".+: malformed string literal \(missing opening quote\):",
+        )
+        for token, error in zip(tokens, errors):
+            try:
+                _token_type(token)
+            finally:
+                raw_warnings = warning.getvalue()
+                warnings = [w for w in raw_warnings.split("\n") if w.strip()]
+
+                assert len(warnings) == 1
+                assert re.compile(error).match(warnings[0])
+                warning.truncate(0)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("name", "expected"),
+        [
+            ("x, y, z", "x, y, z"),
+            ("*args, **kwargs", r"\*args, \*\*kwargs"),
+            ("*x, **y", r"\*x, \*\*y"),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_escape_args_and_kwargs(self, name, expected):
+        numpy_docstring = NumpyDocstring("")
+        actual = numpy_docstring._escape_args_and_kwargs(name)
+
+        assert actual == expected
+
+    def test_pep526_annotations(self):
+        # test class attributes annotations
+        config = Config(
+            napoleon_attr_annotations=True,
+        )
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(cleandoc(PEP526NumpyClass.__doc__), config, app=None, what="class",
+                                    obj=PEP526NumpyClass))
+        expected = """\
+Sample class with PEP 526 annotations and numpy docstring
+
+.. attribute:: attr1
+
+   Attr1 description
+
+   :type: int
+
+.. attribute:: attr2
+
+   Attr2 description
+
+   :type: str
+"""
+        print(actual)
+        assert expected == actual
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-napoleon',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': 'description',
+                                   'autodoc_typehints_description_target': 'all'})
+def test_napoleon_and_autodoc_typehints_description_all(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'typehints.txt').read_text(encoding='utf-8')
+    assert content == (
+        'typehints\n'
+        '*********\n'
+        '\n'
+        'mypackage.typehints.hello(x, *args, **kwargs)\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Parameters:\n'
+        '      * **x** (*int*) -- X\n'
+        '\n'
+        '      * ***args** (*int*) -- Additional arguments.\n'
+        '\n'
+        '      * ****kwargs** (*int*) -- Extra arguments.\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Return type:\n'
+        '      None\n'
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-napoleon',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': 'description',
+                                   'autodoc_typehints_description_target': 'documented_params'})
+def test_napoleon_and_autodoc_typehints_description_documented_params(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'typehints.txt').read_text(encoding='utf-8')
+    assert content == (
+        'typehints\n'
+        '*********\n'
+        '\n'
+        'mypackage.typehints.hello(x, *args, **kwargs)\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Parameters:\n'
+        '      * **x** (*int*) -- X\n'
+        '\n'
+        '      * ***args** (*int*) -- Additional arguments.\n'
+        '\n'
+        '      * ****kwargs** (*int*) -- Extra arguments.\n'
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-napoleon-paramtype', freshenv=True)
+def test_napoleon_keyword_and_paramtype(app, tmp_path):
+    inv_file = tmp_path / 'objects.inv'
+    inv_file.write_bytes(b'''\
+# Sphinx inventory version 2
+# Project: Intersphinx Test
+# Version: 42
+# The remainder of this file is compressed using zlib.
+''' + zlib.compress(b'''\
+None py:data 1 none.html -
+list py:class 1 list.html -
+int py:class 1 int.html -
+'''))  # NoQA: W291
+    app.config.intersphinx_mapping = {'python': ('127.0.0.1:5555', str(inv_file))}
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
+    load_mappings(app)
+
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    etree = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'index.html')
+
+    for name, typename in product(('keyword', 'kwarg', 'kwparam'), ('paramtype', 'kwtype')):
+        param = f'{name}_{typename}'
+        li_ = list(etree.findall(f'.//li/p/strong[.="{param}"]/../..'))
+        assert len(li_) == 1
+        li = li_[0]
+
+        text = li.text or ''.join(li.itertext())
+        assert text == f'{param} (list[int]) \u2013 some param'
+
+        a_ = list(li.findall('.//a[@class="reference external"]'))
+
+        assert len(a_) == 2
+        for a, uri in zip(a_, ('list.html', 'int.html')):
+            assert a.attrib['href'] == f'127.0.0.1:5555/{uri}'
+            assert a.attrib['title'] == '(in Intersphinx Test v42)'
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_todo.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_todo.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1903f9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_todo.py
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+"""Test sphinx.ext.todo extension."""
+
+import re
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-todo', freshenv=True,
+                    confoverrides={'todo_include_todos': True, 'todo_emit_warnings': True})
+def test_todo(app, status, warning):
+    todos = []
+
+    def on_todo_defined(app, node):
+        todos.append(node)
+
+    app.connect('todo-defined', on_todo_defined)
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    # check todolist
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<p class="admonition-title">Todo</p>\n'
+            '<p>todo in foo</p>') in content
+
+    assert ('<p class="admonition-title">Todo</p>\n'
+            '<p>todo in bar</p>') in content
+
+    # check todo
+    content = (app.outdir / 'foo.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<p class="admonition-title">Todo</p>\n'
+            '<p>todo in foo</p>') in content
+
+    assert ('<p class="admonition-title">Todo</p>\n'
+            '<p>todo in param field</p>') in content
+
+    # check emitted warnings
+    assert 'WARNING: TODO entry found: todo in foo' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'WARNING: TODO entry found: todo in bar' in warning.getvalue()
+
+    # check handled event
+    assert len(todos) == 3
+    assert {todo[1].astext() for todo in todos} == {'todo in foo',
+                                                    'todo in bar',
+                                                    'todo in param field'}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-todo', freshenv=True,
+                    confoverrides={'todo_include_todos': False, 'todo_emit_warnings': True})
+def test_todo_not_included(app, status, warning):
+    todos = []
+
+    def on_todo_defined(app, node):
+        todos.append(node)
+
+    app.connect('todo-defined', on_todo_defined)
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    # check todolist
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<p class="admonition-title">Todo</p>\n'
+            '<p>todo in foo</p>') not in content
+
+    assert ('<p class="admonition-title">Todo</p>\n'
+            '<p>todo in bar</p>') not in content
+
+    # check todo
+    content = (app.outdir / 'foo.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<p class="admonition-title">Todo</p>\n'
+            '<p>todo in foo</p>') not in content
+
+    # check emitted warnings
+    assert 'WARNING: TODO entry found: todo in foo' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'WARNING: TODO entry found: todo in bar' in warning.getvalue()
+
+    # check handled event
+    assert len(todos) == 3
+    assert {todo[1].astext() for todo in todos} == {'todo in foo',
+                                                    'todo in bar',
+                                                    'todo in param field'}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='ext-todo', freshenv=True,
+                    confoverrides={'todo_include_todos': True})
+def test_todo_valid_link(app, status, warning):
+    """
+    Test that the inserted "original entry" links for todo items have a target
+    that exists in the LaTeX output. The target was previously incorrectly
+    omitted (GitHub issue #1020).
+    """
+    # Ensure the LaTeX output is built.
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # Look for the link to foo. Note that there are two of them because the
+    # source document uses todolist twice. We could equally well look for links
+    # to bar.
+    link = (r'{\\hyperref\[\\detokenize{(.*?foo.*?)}]{\\sphinxcrossref{'
+            r'\\sphinxstyleemphasis{original entry}}}}')
+    m = re.findall(link, content)
+    assert len(m) == 4
+    target = m[0]
+
+    # Look for the targets of this link.
+    labels = re.findall(r'\\label{\\detokenize{([^}]*)}}', content)
+    matched = [l for l in labels if l == target]
+
+    # If everything is correct we should have exactly one target.
+    assert len(matched) == 1
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_viewcode.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_viewcode.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2c6fc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_viewcode.py
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+"""Test sphinx.ext.viewcode extension."""
+
+import re
+import shutil
+
+import pytest
+
+
+def check_viewcode_output(app, warning):
+    warnings = re.sub(r'\\+', '/', warning.getvalue())
+    assert re.findall(
+        r"index.rst:\d+: WARNING: Object named 'func1' not found in include " +
+        r"file .*/spam/__init__.py'",
+        warnings,
+    )
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert result.count('href="_modules/spam/mod1.html#func1"') == 2
+    assert result.count('href="_modules/spam/mod2.html#func2"') == 2
+    assert result.count('href="_modules/spam/mod1.html#Class1"') == 2
+    assert result.count('href="_modules/spam/mod2.html#Class2"') == 2
+    assert result.count('@decorator') == 1
+
+    # test that the class attribute is correctly documented
+    assert result.count('this is Class3') == 2
+    assert 'this is the class attribute class_attr' in result
+    # the next assert fails, until the autodoc bug gets fixed
+    assert result.count('this is the class attribute class_attr') == 2
+
+    result = (app.outdir / '_modules/spam/mod1.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    result = re.sub('<span class="[^"]{,2}">', '<span>', result)  # filter pygments classes
+    assert ('<div class="viewcode-block" id="Class1">\n'
+            '<a class="viewcode-back" href="../../index.html#spam.Class1">[docs]</a>\n') in result
+    assert '<span>@decorator</span>\n' in result
+    assert '<span>class</span> <span>Class1</span><span>:</span>\n' in result
+    assert '<span>    </span><span>&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>\n' in result
+    assert '<span>    this is Class1</span>\n' in result
+    assert '<span>    &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>\n' in result
+
+    return result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-viewcode', freshenv=True,
+                    confoverrides={"viewcode_line_numbers": True})
+def test_viewcode_linenos(app, warning):
+    shutil.rmtree(app.outdir / '_modules', ignore_errors=True)
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    result = check_viewcode_output(app, warning)
+    assert '<span class="linenos"> 1</span>' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-viewcode', freshenv=True,
+                    confoverrides={"viewcode_line_numbers": False})
+def test_viewcode(app, warning):
+    shutil.rmtree(app.outdir / '_modules', ignore_errors=True)
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    result = check_viewcode_output(app, warning)
+    assert 'class="linenos">' not in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='ext-viewcode')
+def test_viewcode_epub_default(app, status, warning):
+    shutil.rmtree(app.outdir)
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    assert not (app.outdir / '_modules/spam/mod1.xhtml').exists()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.xhtml').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert result.count('href="_modules/spam/mod1.xhtml#func1"') == 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='ext-viewcode',
+                    confoverrides={'viewcode_enable_epub': True})
+def test_viewcode_epub_enabled(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    assert (app.outdir / '_modules/spam/mod1.xhtml').exists()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.xhtml').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert result.count('href="_modules/spam/mod1.xhtml#func1"') == 2
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-viewcode', tags=['test_linkcode'])
+def test_linkcode(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(filenames=[app.srcdir / 'objects.rst'])
+
+    stuff = (app.outdir / 'objects.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    assert 'https://foobar/source/foolib.py' in stuff
+    assert 'https://foobar/js/' in stuff
+    assert 'https://foobar/c/' in stuff
+    assert 'https://foobar/cpp/' in stuff
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-viewcode-find', freshenv=True)
+def test_local_source_files(app, status, warning):
+    def find_source(app, modname):
+        if modname == 'not_a_package':
+            source = (app.srcdir / 'not_a_package/__init__.py').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+            tags = {
+                'func1': ('def', 1, 1),
+                'Class1': ('class', 1, 1),
+                'not_a_package.submodule.func1': ('def', 1, 1),
+                'not_a_package.submodule.Class1': ('class', 1, 1),
+            }
+        else:
+            source = (app.srcdir / 'not_a_package/submodule.py').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+            tags = {
+                'not_a_package.submodule.func1': ('def', 11, 15),
+                'Class1': ('class', 19, 22),
+                'not_a_package.submodule.Class1': ('class', 19, 22),
+                'Class3': ('class', 25, 30),
+                'not_a_package.submodule.Class3.class_attr': ('other', 29, 29),
+            }
+        return (source, tags)
+
+    app.connect('viewcode-find-source', find_source)
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    warnings = re.sub(r'\\+', '/', warning.getvalue())
+    assert re.findall(
+        r"index.rst:\d+: WARNING: Object named 'func1' not found in include " +
+        r"file .*/not_a_package/__init__.py'",
+        warnings,
+    )
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert result.count('href="_modules/not_a_package.html#func1"') == 1
+    assert result.count('href="_modules/not_a_package.html#not_a_package.submodule.func1"') == 1
+    assert result.count('href="_modules/not_a_package/submodule.html#Class1"') == 1
+    assert result.count('href="_modules/not_a_package/submodule.html#Class3"') == 1
+    assert result.count('href="_modules/not_a_package/submodule.html#not_a_package.submodule.Class1"') == 1
+
+    assert result.count('href="_modules/not_a_package/submodule.html#not_a_package.submodule.Class3.class_attr"') == 1
+    assert result.count('This is the class attribute class_attr') == 1
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_extension.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_extension.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d74743c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_extension.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+"""Test sphinx.extension module."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.errors import VersionRequirementError
+from sphinx.extension import Extension, verify_needs_extensions
+
+
+def test_needs_extensions(app):
+    # empty needs_extensions
+    assert app.config.needs_extensions == {}
+    verify_needs_extensions(app, app.config)
+
+    # needs_extensions fulfilled
+    app.config.needs_extensions = {'test.extension': '3.9'}
+    app.extensions['test.extension'] = Extension('test.extension', 'test.extension', version='3.10')
+    verify_needs_extensions(app, app.config)
+
+    # needs_extensions not fulfilled
+    app.config.needs_extensions = {'test.extension': '3.11'}
+    app.extensions['test.extension'] = Extension('test.extension', 'test.extension', version='3.10')
+    with pytest.raises(VersionRequirementError):
+        verify_needs_extensions(app, app.config)
diff --git a/tests/test_intl.py b/tests/test_intl.py
deleted file mode 100644
index a07ebfb..0000000
--- a/tests/test_intl.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1527 +0,0 @@
-"""Test message patching for internationalization purposes.
-
-Runs the text builder in the test root.
-"""
-
-import os
-import os.path
-import re
-import shutil
-import time
-from pathlib import Path
-
-import pytest
-from babel.messages import mofile, pofile
-from babel.messages.catalog import Catalog
-from docutils import nodes
-
-from sphinx import locale
-from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node, etree_parse, strip_escseq
-from sphinx.util.nodes import NodeMatcher
-
-sphinx_intl = pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    testroot='intl',
-    confoverrides={
-        'language': 'xx', 'locale_dirs': ['.'],
-        'gettext_compact': False,
-    },
-)
-
-
-def read_po(pathname):
-    with open(pathname, encoding='utf-8') as f:
-        return pofile.read_po(f)
-
-
-def write_mo(pathname, po):
-    with open(pathname, 'wb') as f:
-        return mofile.write_mo(f, po)
-
-
-@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
-def _setup_intl(app_params):
-    assert isinstance(app_params.kwargs['srcdir'], Path)
-    srcdir = app_params.kwargs['srcdir']
-    for dirpath, _dirs, files in os.walk(srcdir):
-        dirpath = Path(dirpath)
-        for f in [f for f in files if f.endswith('.po')]:
-            po = str(dirpath / f)
-            mo = srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / (
-                os.path.relpath(po[:-3], srcdir) + '.mo')
-            if not mo.parent.exists():
-                mo.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-
-            if not mo.exists() or os.stat(mo).st_mtime < os.stat(po).st_mtime:
-                # compile .mo file only if needed
-                write_mo(mo, read_po(po))
-
-
-@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
-def _info(app):
-    yield
-    print('# language:', app.config.language)
-    print('# locale_dirs:', app.config.locale_dirs)
-
-
-def elem_gettexts(elem):
-    return [_f for _f in [s.strip() for s in elem.itertext()] if _f]
-
-
-def elem_getref(elem):
-    return elem.attrib.get('refid') or elem.attrib.get('refuri')
-
-
-def assert_elem(elem, texts=None, refs=None, names=None):
-    if texts is not None:
-        _texts = elem_gettexts(elem)
-        assert _texts == texts
-    if refs is not None:
-        _refs = [elem_getref(x) for x in elem.findall('reference')]
-        assert _refs == refs
-    if names is not None:
-        _names = elem.attrib.get('names').split()
-        assert _names == names
-
-
-def assert_count(expected_expr, result, count):
-    find_pair = (expected_expr, result)
-    assert len(re.findall(*find_pair)) == count, find_pair
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_text_emit_warnings(app, warning):
-    app.build()
-    # test warnings in translation
-    warnings = getwarning(warning)
-    warning_expr = ('.*/warnings.txt:4:<translated>:1: '
-                    'WARNING: Inline literal start-string without end-string.\n')
-    assert re.search(warning_expr, warnings), f'{warning_expr!r} did not match {warnings!r}'
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_text_warning_node(app):
-    app.build()
-    # test warnings in translation
-    result = (app.outdir / 'warnings.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    expect = ("3. I18N WITH REST WARNINGS"
-              "\n**************************\n"
-              "\nLINE OF >>``<<BROKEN LITERAL MARKUP.\n")
-    assert result == expect
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_text_title_underline(app):
-    app.build()
-    # --- simple translation; check title underlines
-    result = (app.outdir / 'bom.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    expect = ("2. Datei mit UTF-8"
-              "\n******************\n"  # underline matches new translation
-              "\nThis file has umlauts: äöü.\n")
-    assert result == expect
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_text_subdirs(app):
-    app.build()
-    # --- check translation in subdirs
-    result = (app.outdir / 'subdir' / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert result.startswith('1. subdir contents\n******************\n')
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_text_inconsistency_warnings(app, warning):
-    app.build()
-    # --- check warnings for inconsistency in number of references
-    result = (app.outdir / 'refs_inconsistency.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    expect = ("8. I18N WITH REFS INCONSISTENCY"
-              "\n*******************************\n"
-              "\n* FOR CITATION [ref3].\n"
-              "\n* reference FOR reference.\n"
-              "\n* ORPHAN REFERENCE: I18N WITH REFS INCONSISTENCY.\n"
-              "\n[1] THIS IS A AUTO NUMBERED FOOTNOTE.\n"
-              "\n[ref2] THIS IS A CITATION.\n"
-              "\n[100] THIS IS A NUMBERED FOOTNOTE.\n")
-    assert result == expect
-
-    warnings = getwarning(warning)
-    warning_fmt = ('.*/refs_inconsistency.txt:\\d+: '
-                   'WARNING: inconsistent %(reftype)s in translated message.'
-                   ' original: %(original)s, translated: %(translated)s\n')
-    expected_warning_expr = (
-        warning_fmt % {
-            'reftype': 'footnote references',
-            'original': "\\['\\[#\\]_'\\]",
-            'translated': "\\[\\]",
-        } +
-        warning_fmt % {
-            'reftype': 'footnote references',
-            'original': "\\['\\[100\\]_'\\]",
-            'translated': "\\[\\]",
-        } +
-        warning_fmt % {
-            'reftype': 'references',
-            'original': "\\['reference_'\\]",
-            'translated': "\\['reference_', 'reference_'\\]",
-        } +
-        warning_fmt % {
-            'reftype': 'references',
-            'original': "\\[\\]",
-            'translated': "\\['`I18N WITH REFS INCONSISTENCY`_'\\]",
-        })
-    assert re.search(expected_warning_expr, warnings), f'{expected_warning_expr!r} did not match {warnings!r}'
-
-    expected_citation_warning_expr = (
-        '.*/refs_inconsistency.txt:\\d+: WARNING: Citation \\[ref2\\] is not referenced.\n' +
-        '.*/refs_inconsistency.txt:\\d+: WARNING: citation not found: ref3')
-    assert re.search(expected_citation_warning_expr, warnings), f'{expected_citation_warning_expr!r} did not match {warnings!r}'
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_noqa(app, warning):
-    app.build()
-    result = (app.outdir / 'noqa.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    expect = r"""FIRST SECTION
-*************
-
-TRANSLATED TEXT WITHOUT REFERENCE.
-
-TEST noqa WHITESPACE INSENSITIVITY.
-
-"#noqa" IS ESCAPED AT THE END OF THIS STRING. #noqa
-
-
-NEXT SECTION WITH PARAGRAPH TO TEST BARE noqa
-*********************************************
-
-Some text, again referring to the section: NEXT SECTION WITH PARAGRAPH
-TO TEST BARE noqa.
-"""
-    assert result == expect
-    assert "next-section" not in getwarning(warning)
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_text_literalblock_warnings(app, warning):
-    app.build()
-    # --- check warning for literal block
-    result = (app.outdir / 'literalblock.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    expect = ("9. I18N WITH LITERAL BLOCK"
-              "\n**************************\n"
-              "\nCORRECT LITERAL BLOCK:\n"
-              "\n   this is"
-              "\n   literal block\n"
-              "\nMISSING LITERAL BLOCK:\n"
-              "\n<SYSTEM MESSAGE:")
-    assert result.startswith(expect)
-
-    warnings = getwarning(warning)
-    expected_warning_expr = ('.*/literalblock.txt:\\d+: '
-                             'WARNING: Literal block expected; none found.')
-    assert re.search(expected_warning_expr, warnings), f'{expected_warning_expr!r} did not match {warnings!r}'
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_text_definition_terms(app):
-    app.build()
-    # --- definition terms: regression test for #975, #2198, #2205
-    result = (app.outdir / 'definition_terms.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    expect = ("13. I18N WITH DEFINITION TERMS"
-              "\n******************************\n"
-              "\nSOME TERM"
-              "\n   THE CORRESPONDING DEFINITION\n"
-              "\nSOME *TERM* WITH LINK"
-              "\n   THE CORRESPONDING DEFINITION #2\n"
-              "\nSOME **TERM** WITH : CLASSIFIER1 : CLASSIFIER2"
-              "\n   THE CORRESPONDING DEFINITION\n"
-              "\nSOME TERM WITH : CLASSIFIER[]"
-              "\n   THE CORRESPONDING DEFINITION\n")
-    assert result == expect
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_text_glossary_term(app, warning):
-    app.build()
-    # --- glossary terms: regression test for #1090
-    result = (app.outdir / 'glossary_terms.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    expect = (r"""18. I18N WITH GLOSSARY TERMS
-****************************
-
-SOME NEW TERM
-   THE CORRESPONDING GLOSSARY
-
-SOME OTHER NEW TERM
-   THE CORRESPONDING GLOSSARY #2
-
-LINK TO *SOME NEW TERM*.
-
-TRANSLATED GLOSSARY SHOULD BE SORTED BY TRANSLATED TERMS:
-
-TRANSLATED TERM XXX
-   DEFINE XXX
-
-TRANSLATED TERM YYY
-   DEFINE YYY
-
-TRANSLATED TERM ZZZ
-VVV
-   DEFINE ZZZ
-""")
-    assert result == expect
-    warnings = getwarning(warning)
-    assert 'term not in glossary' not in warnings
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_text_glossary_term_inconsistencies(app, warning):
-    app.build()
-    # --- glossary term inconsistencies: regression test for #1090
-    result = (app.outdir / 'glossary_terms_inconsistency.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    expect = ("19. I18N WITH GLOSSARY TERMS INCONSISTENCY"
-              "\n******************************************\n"
-              "\n1. LINK TO *SOME NEW TERM*.\n")
-    assert result == expect
-
-    warnings = getwarning(warning)
-    expected_warning_expr = (
-        '.*/glossary_terms_inconsistency.txt:\\d+: '
-        'WARNING: inconsistent term references in translated message.'
-        " original: \\[':term:`Some term`', ':term:`Some other term`'\\],"
-        " translated: \\[':term:`SOME NEW TERM`'\\]\n")
-    assert re.search(expected_warning_expr, warnings), f'{expected_warning_expr!r} did not match {warnings!r}'
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_gettext')
-def test_gettext_section(app):
-    app.build()
-    # --- section
-    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'section.po')
-    actual = read_po(app.outdir / 'section.pot')
-    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
-        assert expect_msg.id in [m.id for m in actual if m.id]
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_text_section(app):
-    app.build()
-    # --- section
-    result = (app.outdir / 'section.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'section.po')
-    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
-        assert expect_msg.string in result
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_text_seealso(app):
-    app.build()
-    # --- seealso
-    result = (app.outdir / 'seealso.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    expect = ("12. I18N WITH SEEALSO"
-              "\n*********************\n"
-              "\nSee also: SHORT TEXT 1\n"
-              "\nSee also: LONG TEXT 1\n"
-              "\nSee also:\n"
-              "\n  SHORT TEXT 2\n"
-              "\n  LONG TEXT 2\n")
-    assert result == expect
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_text_figure_captions(app):
-    app.build()
-    # --- figure captions: regression test for #940
-    result = (app.outdir / 'figure.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    expect = ("14. I18N WITH FIGURE CAPTION"
-              "\n****************************\n"
-              "\n   [image]MY CAPTION OF THE FIGURE\n"
-              "\n   MY DESCRIPTION PARAGRAPH1 OF THE FIGURE.\n"
-              "\n   MY DESCRIPTION PARAGRAPH2 OF THE FIGURE.\n"
-              "\n"
-              "\n14.1. FIGURE IN THE BLOCK"
-              "\n=========================\n"
-              "\nBLOCK\n"
-              "\n      [image]MY CAPTION OF THE FIGURE\n"
-              "\n      MY DESCRIPTION PARAGRAPH1 OF THE FIGURE.\n"
-              "\n      MY DESCRIPTION PARAGRAPH2 OF THE FIGURE.\n"
-              "\n"
-              "\n"
-              "14.2. IMAGE URL AND ALT\n"
-              "=======================\n"
-              "\n"
-              "[image: I18N -> IMG][image]\n"
-              "\n"
-              "   [image: IMG -> I18N][image]\n"
-              "\n"
-              "\n"
-              "14.3. IMAGE ON SUBSTITUTION\n"
-              "===========================\n"
-              "\n"
-              "\n"
-              "14.4. IMAGE UNDER NOTE\n"
-              "======================\n"
-              "\n"
-              "Note:\n"
-              "\n"
-              "  [image: i18n under note][image]\n"
-              "\n"
-              "     [image: img under note][image]\n")
-    assert result == expect
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_text_rubric(app):
-    app.build()
-    # --- rubric: regression test for pull request #190
-    result = (app.outdir / 'rubric.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    expect = ("I18N WITH RUBRIC"
-              "\n****************\n"
-              "\n-[ RUBRIC TITLE ]-\n"
-              "\n"
-              "\nRUBRIC IN THE BLOCK"
-              "\n===================\n"
-              "\nBLOCK\n"
-              "\n   -[ RUBRIC TITLE ]-\n")
-    assert result == expect
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_text_docfields(app):
-    app.build()
-    # --- docfields
-    result = (app.outdir / 'docfields.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    expect = ("21. I18N WITH DOCFIELDS"
-              "\n***********************\n"
-              "\nclass Cls1\n"
-              "\n   Parameters:"
-              "\n      **param** -- DESCRIPTION OF PARAMETER param\n"
-              "\nclass Cls2\n"
-              "\n   Parameters:"
-              "\n      * **foo** -- DESCRIPTION OF PARAMETER foo\n"
-              "\n      * **bar** -- DESCRIPTION OF PARAMETER bar\n"
-              "\nclass Cls3(values)\n"
-              "\n   Raises:"
-              "\n      **ValueError** -- IF THE VALUES ARE OUT OF RANGE\n"
-              "\nclass Cls4(values)\n"
-              "\n   Raises:"
-              "\n      * **TypeError** -- IF THE VALUES ARE NOT VALID\n"
-              "\n      * **ValueError** -- IF THE VALUES ARE OUT OF RANGE\n"
-              "\nclass Cls5\n"
-              "\n   Returns:"
-              '\n      A NEW "Cls3" INSTANCE\n')
-    assert result == expect
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_text_admonitions(app):
-    app.build()
-    # --- admonitions
-    # #1206: gettext did not translate admonition directive's title
-    # seealso: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/docs/ref/rst/directives.html#admonitions
-    result = (app.outdir / 'admonitions.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    directives = (
-        "attention", "caution", "danger", "error", "hint",
-        "important", "note", "tip", "warning", "admonition")
-    for d in directives:
-        assert d.upper() + " TITLE" in result
-        assert d.upper() + " BODY" in result
-
-    # for #4938 `1. ` prefixed admonition title
-    assert "1. ADMONITION TITLE" in result
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_gettext')
-def test_gettext_toctree(app):
-    app.build()
-    # --- toctree (index.rst)
-    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'index.po')
-    actual = read_po(app.outdir / 'index.pot')
-    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
-        assert expect_msg.id in [m.id for m in actual if m.id]
-    # --- toctree (toctree.rst)
-    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'toctree.po')
-    actual = read_po(app.outdir / 'toctree.pot')
-    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
-        assert expect_msg.id in [m.id for m in actual if m.id]
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_gettext')
-def test_gettext_table(app):
-    app.build()
-    # --- toctree
-    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'table.po')
-    actual = read_po(app.outdir / 'table.pot')
-    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
-        assert expect_msg.id in [m.id for m in actual if m.id]
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_text_table(app):
-    app.build()
-    # --- toctree
-    result = (app.outdir / 'table.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'table.po')
-    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
-        assert expect_msg.string in result
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_text_toctree(app):
-    app.build()
-    # --- toctree (index.rst)
-    # Note: index.rst contains contents that is not shown in text.
-    result = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert 'CONTENTS' in result
-    assert 'TABLE OF CONTENTS' in result
-    # --- toctree (toctree.rst)
-    result = (app.outdir / 'toctree.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'toctree.po')
-    for expect_msg in (m for m in expect if m.id):
-        assert expect_msg.string in result
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_gettext')
-def test_gettext_topic(app):
-    app.build()
-    # --- topic
-    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'topic.po')
-    actual = read_po(app.outdir / 'topic.pot')
-    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
-        assert expect_msg.id in [m.id for m in actual if m.id]
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_text_topic(app):
-    app.build()
-    # --- topic
-    result = (app.outdir / 'topic.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'topic.po')
-    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
-        assert expect_msg.string in result
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_gettext')
-def test_gettext_definition_terms(app):
-    app.build()
-    # --- definition terms: regression test for #2198, #2205
-    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'definition_terms.po')
-    actual = read_po(app.outdir / 'definition_terms.pot')
-    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
-        assert expect_msg.id in [m.id for m in actual if m.id]
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_gettext')
-def test_gettext_glossary_terms(app, warning):
-    app.build()
-    # --- glossary terms: regression test for #1090
-    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'glossary_terms.po')
-    actual = read_po(app.outdir / 'glossary_terms.pot')
-    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
-        assert expect_msg.id in [m.id for m in actual if m.id]
-    warnings = warning.getvalue().replace(os.sep, '/')
-    assert 'term not in glossary' not in warnings
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_gettext')
-def test_gettext_glossary_term_inconsistencies(app):
-    app.build()
-    # --- glossary term inconsistencies: regression test for #1090
-    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'glossary_terms_inconsistency.po')
-    actual = read_po(app.outdir / 'glossary_terms_inconsistency.pot')
-    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
-        assert expect_msg.id in [m.id for m in actual if m.id]
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_gettext')
-def test_gettext_literalblock(app):
-    app.build()
-    # --- gettext builder always ignores ``only`` directive
-    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'literalblock.po')
-    actual = read_po(app.outdir / 'literalblock.pot')
-    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
-        if len(expect_msg.id.splitlines()) == 1:
-            # compare translations only labels
-            assert expect_msg.id in [m.id for m in actual if m.id]
-        else:
-            pass  # skip code-blocks and literalblocks
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_gettext')
-def test_gettext_buildr_ignores_only_directive(app):
-    app.build()
-    # --- gettext builder always ignores ``only`` directive
-    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'only.po')
-    actual = read_po(app.outdir / 'only.pot')
-    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
-        assert expect_msg.id in [m.id for m in actual if m.id]
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-def test_node_translated_attribute(app):
-    app.builder.build_specific([app.srcdir / 'translation_progress.txt'])
-
-    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('translation_progress')
-
-    translated_nodes = sum(1 for _ in doctree.findall(NodeMatcher(translated=True)))
-    assert translated_nodes == 10 + 1  # 10 lines + title
-
-    untranslated_nodes = sum(1 for _ in doctree.findall(NodeMatcher(translated=False)))
-    assert untranslated_nodes == 2 + 2 + 1  # 2 lines + 2 lines + substitution reference
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-def test_translation_progress_substitution(app):
-    app.builder.build_specific([app.srcdir / 'translation_progress.txt'])
-
-    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('translation_progress')
-
-    assert doctree[0][19][0] == '68.75%'  # 11 out of 16 lines are translated
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='intl', freshenv=True, confoverrides={
-    'language': 'xx', 'locale_dirs': ['.'],
-    'gettext_compact': False,
-    'translation_progress_classes': True,
-})
-def test_translation_progress_classes_true(app):
-    app.builder.build_specific([app.srcdir / 'translation_progress.txt'])
-
-    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('translation_progress')
-
-    # title
-    assert 'translated' in doctree[0][0]['classes']
-
-    # translated lines
-    assert 'translated' in doctree[0][1]['classes']
-    assert 'translated' in doctree[0][2]['classes']
-    assert 'translated' in doctree[0][3]['classes']
-    assert 'translated' in doctree[0][4]['classes']
-    assert 'translated' in doctree[0][5]['classes']
-    assert 'translated' in doctree[0][6]['classes']
-    assert 'translated' in doctree[0][7]['classes']
-    assert 'translated' in doctree[0][8]['classes']
-
-    assert doctree[0][9]['classes'] == []  # comment node
-
-    # idempotent
-    assert 'translated' in doctree[0][10]['classes']
-    assert 'translated' in doctree[0][11]['classes']
-
-    assert doctree[0][12]['classes'] == []  # comment node
-
-    # untranslated
-    assert 'untranslated' in doctree[0][13]['classes']
-    assert 'untranslated' in doctree[0][14]['classes']
-
-    assert doctree[0][15]['classes'] == []  # comment node
-
-    # missing
-    assert 'untranslated' in doctree[0][16]['classes']
-    assert 'untranslated' in doctree[0][17]['classes']
-
-    assert doctree[0][18]['classes'] == []  # comment node
-
-    # substitution reference
-    assert 'untranslated' in doctree[0][19]['classes']
-
-    assert len(doctree[0]) == 20
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-# use individual shared_result directory to avoid "incompatible doctree" error
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='builder-gettext-dont-rebuild-mo')
-def test_gettext_dont_rebuild_mo(make_app, app_params):
-    # --- don't rebuild by .mo mtime
-    def get_update_targets(app_):
-        app_.env.find_files(app_.config, app_.builder)
-        added, changed, removed = app_.env.get_outdated_files(config_changed=False)
-        return added, changed, removed
-
-    args, kwargs = app_params
-
-    # phase1: build document with non-gettext builder and generate mo file in srcdir
-    app0 = make_app('dummy', *args, **kwargs)
-    app0.build()
-    time.sleep(0.01)
-    assert (app0.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'bom.mo').exists()
-    # Since it is after the build, the number of documents to be updated is 0
-    update_targets = get_update_targets(app0)
-    assert update_targets[1] == set(), update_targets
-    # When rewriting the timestamp of mo file, the number of documents to be
-    # updated will be changed.
-    mtime = (app0.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'bom.mo').stat().st_mtime
-    os.utime(app0.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'bom.mo', (mtime + 5, mtime + 5))
-    update_targets = get_update_targets(app0)
-    assert update_targets[1] == {'bom'}, update_targets
-
-    # Because doctree for gettext builder can not be shared with other builders,
-    # erase doctreedir before gettext build.
-    shutil.rmtree(app0.doctreedir)
-
-    # phase2: build document with gettext builder.
-    # The mo file in the srcdir directory is retained.
-    app = make_app('gettext', *args, **kwargs)
-    app.build()
-    time.sleep(0.01)
-    # Since it is after the build, the number of documents to be updated is 0
-    update_targets = get_update_targets(app)
-    assert update_targets[1] == set(), update_targets
-    # Even if the timestamp of the mo file is updated, the number of documents
-    # to be updated is 0. gettext builder does not rebuild because of mo update.
-    os.utime(app0.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'bom.mo', (mtime + 10, mtime + 10))
-    update_targets = get_update_targets(app)
-    assert update_targets[1] == set(), update_targets
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_html_meta(app):
-    app.build()
-    # --- test for meta
-    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    expected_expr = '<meta content="TESTDATA FOR I18N" name="description" translated="True" />'
-    assert expected_expr in result
-    expected_expr = '<meta content="I18N, SPHINX, MARKUP" name="keywords" translated="True" />'
-    assert expected_expr in result
-    expected_expr = '<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">HIDDEN TOC</span></p>'
-    assert expected_expr in result
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_html_footnotes(app):
-    app.build()
-    # --- test for #955 cant-build-html-with-footnotes-when-using
-    # expect no error by build
-    (app.outdir / 'footnote.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_html_undefined_refs(app):
-    app.build()
-    # --- links to undefined reference
-    result = (app.outdir / 'refs_inconsistency.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    expected_expr = ('<a class="reference external" '
-                     'href="http://www.example.com">reference</a>')
-    assert len(re.findall(expected_expr, result)) == 2
-
-    expected_expr = ('<a class="reference internal" '
-                     'href="#reference">reference</a>')
-    assert len(re.findall(expected_expr, result)) == 0
-
-    expected_expr = ('<a class="reference internal" '
-                     'href="#i18n-with-refs-inconsistency">I18N WITH '
-                     'REFS INCONSISTENCY</a>')
-    assert len(re.findall(expected_expr, result)) == 1
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_html_index_entries(app):
-    app.build()
-    # --- index entries: regression test for #976
-    result = (app.outdir / 'genindex.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    def wrap(tag, keyword):
-        start_tag = "<%s[^>]*>" % tag
-        end_tag = "</%s>" % tag
-        return fr"{start_tag}\s*{keyword}\s*{end_tag}"
-
-    def wrap_nest(parenttag, childtag, keyword):
-        start_tag1 = "<%s[^>]*>" % parenttag
-        start_tag2 = "<%s[^>]*>" % childtag
-        return fr"{start_tag1}\s*{keyword}\s*{start_tag2}"
-    expected_exprs = [
-        wrap('a', 'NEWSLETTER'),
-        wrap('a', 'MAILING LIST'),
-        wrap('a', 'RECIPIENTS LIST'),
-        wrap('a', 'FIRST SECOND'),
-        wrap('a', 'SECOND THIRD'),
-        wrap('a', 'THIRD, FIRST'),
-        wrap_nest('li', 'ul', 'ENTRY'),
-        wrap_nest('li', 'ul', 'SEE'),
-    ]
-    for expr in expected_exprs:
-        assert re.search(expr, result, re.MULTILINE), f'{expr!r} did not match {result!r}'
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_html_versionchanges(app):
-    app.build()
-    # --- versionchanges
-    result = (app.outdir / 'versionchange.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    def get_content(result, name):
-        matched = re.search(r'<div class="%s">\n*(.*?)</div>' % name,
-                            result, re.DOTALL)
-        if matched:
-            return matched.group(1)
-        else:
-            return ''
-
-    expect1 = (
-        """<p><span class="versionmodified deprecated">Deprecated since version 1.0: </span>"""
-        """THIS IS THE <em>FIRST</em> PARAGRAPH OF DEPRECATED.</p>\n"""
-        """<p>THIS IS THE <em>SECOND</em> PARAGRAPH OF DEPRECATED.</p>\n""")
-    matched_content = get_content(result, "deprecated")
-    assert expect1 == matched_content
-
-    expect2 = (
-        """<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 1.0: </span>"""
-        """THIS IS THE <em>FIRST</em> PARAGRAPH OF VERSIONADDED.</p>\n""")
-    matched_content = get_content(result, "versionadded")
-    assert expect2 == matched_content
-
-    expect3 = (
-        """<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 1.0: </span>"""
-        """THIS IS THE <em>FIRST</em> PARAGRAPH OF VERSIONCHANGED.</p>\n""")
-    matched_content = get_content(result, "versionchanged")
-    assert expect3 == matched_content
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_html_docfields(app):
-    app.build()
-    # --- docfields
-    # expect no error by build
-    (app.outdir / 'docfields.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_html_template(app):
-    app.build()
-    # --- gettext template
-    result = (app.outdir / 'contents.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert "WELCOME" in result
-    assert "SPHINX 2013.120" in result
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_html_rebuild_mo(app):
-    app.build()
-    # --- rebuild by .mo mtime
-    app.builder.build_update()
-    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
-    _, updated, _ = app.env.get_outdated_files(config_changed=False)
-    assert len(updated) == 0
-
-    mtime = (app.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'bom.mo').stat().st_mtime
-    os.utime(app.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'bom.mo', (mtime + 5, mtime + 5))
-    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
-    _, updated, _ = app.env.get_outdated_files(config_changed=False)
-    assert len(updated) == 1
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_xml_footnotes(app, warning):
-    app.build()
-    # --- footnotes: regression test for fix #955, #1176
-    et = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'footnote.xml')
-    secs = et.findall('section')
-
-    para0 = secs[0].findall('paragraph')
-    assert_elem(
-        para0[0],
-        ['I18N WITH FOOTNOTE', 'INCLUDE THIS CONTENTS',
-         '2', '[ref]', '1', '100', '*', '. SECOND FOOTNOTE_REF', '100', '.'],
-        ['i18n-with-footnote', 'ref'])
-
-    # check node_id for footnote_references which refer same footnote (refs: #3002)
-    assert para0[0][4].text == para0[0][6].text == '100'
-    assert para0[0][4].attrib['ids'] != para0[0][6].attrib['ids']
-
-    footnote0 = secs[0].findall('footnote')
-    assert_elem(
-        footnote0[0],
-        ['1', 'THIS IS A AUTO NUMBERED FOOTNOTE.'],
-        None,
-        ['1'])
-    assert_elem(
-        footnote0[1],
-        ['100', 'THIS IS A NUMBERED FOOTNOTE.'],
-        None,
-        ['100'])
-    assert_elem(
-        footnote0[2],
-        ['2', 'THIS IS A AUTO NUMBERED NAMED FOOTNOTE.'],
-        None,
-        ['named'])
-    assert_elem(
-        footnote0[3],
-        ['*', 'THIS IS A AUTO SYMBOL FOOTNOTE.'],
-        None,
-        None)
-
-    citation0 = secs[0].findall('citation')
-    assert_elem(
-        citation0[0],
-        ['ref', 'THIS IS A NAMED FOOTNOTE.'],
-        None,
-        ['ref'])
-
-    warnings = getwarning(warning)
-    warning_expr = '.*/footnote.xml:\\d*: SEVERE: Duplicate ID: ".*".\n'
-    assert not re.search(warning_expr, warnings), f'{warning_expr!r} did match {warnings!r}'
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_xml_footnote_backlinks(app):
-    app.build()
-    # --- footnote backlinks: i18n test for #1058
-    et = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'footnote.xml')
-    secs = et.findall('section')
-
-    para0 = secs[0].findall('paragraph')
-    refs0 = para0[0].findall('footnote_reference')
-    refid2id = {r.attrib.get('refid'): r.attrib.get('ids') for r in refs0}
-
-    footnote0 = secs[0].findall('footnote')
-    for footnote in footnote0:
-        ids = footnote.attrib.get('ids')
-        backrefs = footnote.attrib.get('backrefs').split()
-        assert refid2id[ids] in backrefs
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_xml_refs_in_python_domain(app):
-    app.build()
-    # --- refs in the Python domain
-    et = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'refs_python_domain.xml')
-    secs = et.findall('section')
-
-    # regression test for fix #1363
-    para0 = secs[0].findall('paragraph')
-    assert_elem(
-        para0[0],
-        ['SEE THIS DECORATOR:', 'sensitive_variables()', '.'],
-        ['sensitive.sensitive_variables'])
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_xml_keep_external_links(app):
-    app.build()
-    # --- keep external links: regression test for #1044
-    et = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'external_links.xml')
-    secs = et.findall('section')
-
-    para0 = secs[0].findall('paragraph')
-    # external link check
-    assert_elem(
-        para0[0],
-        ['EXTERNAL LINK TO', 'Python', '.'],
-        ['http://python.org/index.html'])
-
-    # internal link check
-    assert_elem(
-        para0[1],
-        ['EXTERNAL LINKS', 'IS INTERNAL LINK.'],
-        ['i18n-with-external-links'])
-
-    # inline link check
-    assert_elem(
-        para0[2],
-        ['INLINE LINK BY', 'THE SPHINX SITE', '.'],
-        ['http://sphinx-doc.org'])
-
-    # unnamed link check
-    assert_elem(
-        para0[3],
-        ['UNNAMED', 'LINK', '.'],
-        ['http://google.com'])
-
-    # link target swapped translation
-    para1 = secs[1].findall('paragraph')
-    assert_elem(
-        para1[0],
-        ['LINK TO', 'external2', 'AND', 'external1', '.'],
-        ['https://www.google.com/external2',
-         'https://www.google.com/external1'])
-    assert_elem(
-        para1[1],
-        ['LINK TO', 'THE PYTHON SITE', 'AND', 'THE SPHINX SITE', '.'],
-        ['http://python.org', 'http://sphinx-doc.org'])
-
-    # multiple references in the same line
-    para2 = secs[2].findall('paragraph')
-    assert_elem(
-        para2[0],
-        ['LINK TO', 'EXTERNAL LINKS', ',', 'Python', ',',
-         'THE SPHINX SITE', ',', 'UNNAMED', 'AND',
-         'THE PYTHON SITE', '.'],
-        ['i18n-with-external-links', 'http://python.org/index.html',
-         'http://sphinx-doc.org', 'http://google.com',
-         'http://python.org'])
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_xml_role_xref(app):
-    app.build()
-    # --- role xref: regression test for #1090, #1193
-    et = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'role_xref.xml')
-    sec1, sec2 = et.findall('section')
-
-    para1, = sec1.findall('paragraph')
-    assert_elem(
-        para1,
-        ['LINK TO', "I18N ROCK'N ROLE XREF", ',', 'CONTENTS', ',',
-         'SOME NEW TERM', '.'],
-        ['i18n-role-xref', 'index',
-         'glossary_terms#term-Some-term'])
-
-    para2 = sec2.findall('paragraph')
-    assert_elem(
-        para2[0],
-        ['LINK TO', 'SOME OTHER NEW TERM', 'AND', 'SOME NEW TERM', '.'],
-        ['glossary_terms#term-Some-other-term',
-         'glossary_terms#term-Some-term'])
-    assert_elem(
-        para2[1],
-        ['LINK TO', 'LABEL', 'AND',
-         'SAME TYPE LINKS', 'AND', 'SAME TYPE LINKS', '.'],
-        ['i18n-role-xref', 'same-type-links', 'same-type-links'])
-    assert_elem(
-        para2[2],
-        ['LINK TO', 'I18N WITH GLOSSARY TERMS', 'AND', 'CONTENTS', '.'],
-        ['glossary_terms', 'index'])
-    assert_elem(
-        para2[3],
-        ['LINK TO', '--module', 'AND', '-m', '.'],
-        ['cmdoption-module', 'cmdoption-m'])
-    assert_elem(
-        para2[4],
-        ['LINK TO', 'env2', 'AND', 'env1', '.'],
-        ['envvar-env2', 'envvar-env1'])
-    assert_elem(
-        para2[5],
-        ['LINK TO', 'token2', 'AND', 'token1', '.'],
-        [])  # TODO: how do I link token role to productionlist?
-    assert_elem(
-        para2[6],
-        ['LINK TO', 'same-type-links', 'AND', "i18n-role-xref", '.'],
-        ['same-type-links', 'i18n-role-xref'])
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_xml_warnings(app, warning):
-    app.build()
-    # warnings
-    warnings = getwarning(warning)
-    assert 'term not in glossary' not in warnings
-    assert 'undefined label' not in warnings
-    assert 'unknown document' not in warnings
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_xml_label_targets(app):
-    app.build()
-    # --- label targets: regression test for #1193, #1265
-    et = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'label_target.xml')
-    secs = et.findall('section')
-
-    para0 = secs[0].findall('paragraph')
-    assert_elem(
-        para0[0],
-        ['X SECTION AND LABEL', 'POINT TO', 'implicit-target', 'AND',
-         'X SECTION AND LABEL', 'POINT TO', 'section-and-label', '.'],
-        ['implicit-target', 'section-and-label'])
-
-    para1 = secs[1].findall('paragraph')
-    assert_elem(
-        para1[0],
-        ['X EXPLICIT-TARGET', 'POINT TO', 'explicit-target', 'AND',
-         'X EXPLICIT-TARGET', 'POINT TO DUPLICATED ID LIKE', 'id1',
-         '.'],
-        ['explicit-target', 'id1'])
-
-    para2 = secs[2].findall('paragraph')
-    assert_elem(
-        para2[0],
-        ['X IMPLICIT SECTION NAME', 'POINT TO',
-         'implicit-section-name', '.'],
-        ['implicit-section-name'])
-
-    sec2 = secs[2].findall('section')
-
-    para2_0 = sec2[0].findall('paragraph')
-    assert_elem(
-        para2_0[0],
-        ['`X DUPLICATED SUB SECTION`_', 'IS BROKEN LINK.'],
-        [])
-
-    para3 = secs[3].findall('paragraph')
-    assert_elem(
-        para3[0],
-        ['X', 'bridge label',
-         'IS NOT TRANSLATABLE BUT LINKED TO TRANSLATED ' +
-         'SECTION TITLE.'],
-        ['label-bridged-target-section'])
-    assert_elem(
-        para3[1],
-        ['X', 'bridge label', 'POINT TO',
-         'LABEL BRIDGED TARGET SECTION', 'AND', 'bridge label2',
-         'POINT TO', 'SECTION AND LABEL', '. THE SECOND APPEARED',
-         'bridge label2', 'POINT TO CORRECT TARGET.'],
-        ['label-bridged-target-section',
-         'section-and-label',
-         'section-and-label'])
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_additional_targets_should_not_be_translated(app):
-    app.build()
-    # [literalblock.txt]
-    result = (app.outdir / 'literalblock.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    # title should be translated
-    expected_expr = 'CODE-BLOCKS'
-    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 2)
-
-    # ruby code block should not be translated but be highlighted
-    expected_expr = """<span class="s1">&#39;result&#39;</span>"""
-    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
-
-    # C code block without lang should not be translated and *ruby* highlighted
-    expected_expr = """<span class="c1">#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;</span>"""
-    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
-
-    # C code block with lang should not be translated but be *C* highlighted
-    expected_expr = ("""<span class="cp">#include</span>"""
-                     """<span class="w"> </span>"""
-                     """<span class="cpf">&lt;stdio.h&gt;</span>""")
-    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
-
-    # literal block in list item should not be translated
-    expected_expr = ("""<span class="n">literal</span>"""
-                     """<span class="o">-</span>"""
-                     """<span class="n">block</span>\n"""
-                     """<span class="k">in</span>"""
-                     """<span class="w"> </span>"""
-                     """<span class="n">list</span>""")
-    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
-
-    # doctest block should not be translated but be highlighted
-    expected_expr = (
-        """<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>"""
-        """<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">sys</span>  """
-        """<span class="c1"># sys importing</span>""")
-    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
-
-    # [raw.txt]
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'raw.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    # raw block should not be translated
-    expected_expr = """<iframe src="http://sphinx-doc.org"></iframe></section>"""
-    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
-
-    # [figure.txt]
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'figure.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    # src for image block should not be translated (alt is translated)
-    expected_expr = """<img alt="I18N -&gt; IMG" src="_images/i18n.png" />"""
-    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
-
-    # src for figure block should not be translated (alt is translated)
-    expected_expr = """<img alt="IMG -&gt; I18N" src="_images/img.png" />"""
-    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'html',
-    srcdir='test_additional_targets_should_be_translated',
-    confoverrides={
-        'language': 'xx', 'locale_dirs': ['.'],
-        'gettext_compact': False,
-        'gettext_additional_targets': [
-            'index',
-            'literal-block',
-            'doctest-block',
-            'raw',
-            'image',
-        ],
-    },
-)
-def test_additional_targets_should_be_translated(app):
-    app.build()
-    # [literalblock.txt]
-    result = (app.outdir / 'literalblock.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    # title should be translated
-    expected_expr = 'CODE-BLOCKS'
-    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 2)
-
-    # ruby code block should be translated and be highlighted
-    expected_expr = """<span class="s1">&#39;RESULT&#39;</span>"""
-    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
-
-    # C code block without lang should be translated and *ruby* highlighted
-    expected_expr = """<span class="c1">#include &lt;STDLIB.H&gt;</span>"""
-    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
-
-    # C code block with lang should be translated and be *C* highlighted
-    expected_expr = ("""<span class="cp">#include</span>"""
-                     """<span class="w"> </span>"""
-                     """<span class="cpf">&lt;STDIO.H&gt;</span>""")
-    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
-
-    # literal block in list item should be translated
-    expected_expr = ("""<span class="no">LITERAL</span>"""
-                     """<span class="o">-</span>"""
-                     """<span class="no">BLOCK</span>\n"""
-                     """<span class="no">IN</span>"""
-                     """<span class="w"> </span>"""
-                     """<span class="no">LIST</span>""")
-    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
-
-    # doctest block should not be translated but be highlighted
-    expected_expr = (
-        """<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>"""
-        """<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">sys</span>  """
-        """<span class="c1"># SYS IMPORTING</span>""")
-    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
-
-    # '#noqa' should remain in literal blocks.
-    assert_count("#noqa", result, 1)
-
-    # [raw.txt]
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'raw.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    # raw block should be translated
-    expected_expr = """<iframe src="HTTP://SPHINX-DOC.ORG"></iframe></section>"""
-    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
-
-    # [figure.txt]
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'figure.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    # alt and src for image block should be translated
-    expected_expr = """<img alt="I18N -&gt; IMG" src="_images/img.png" />"""
-    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
-
-    # alt and src for figure block should be translated
-    expected_expr = """<img alt="IMG -&gt; I18N" src="_images/i18n.png" />"""
-    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'html',
-    testroot='intl_substitution_definitions',
-    confoverrides={
-        'language': 'xx', 'locale_dirs': ['.'],
-        'gettext_compact': False,
-        'gettext_additional_targets': [
-            'index',
-            'literal-block',
-            'doctest-block',
-            'raw',
-            'image',
-        ],
-    },
-)
-def test_additional_targets_should_be_translated_substitution_definitions(app):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    # [prolog_epilog_substitution.txt]
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'prolog_epilog_substitution.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    # alt and src for image block should be translated
-    expected_expr = """<img alt="SUBST_PROLOG_2 TRANSLATED" src="_images/i18n.png" />"""
-    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
-
-    # alt and src for image block should be translated
-    expected_expr = """<img alt="SUBST_EPILOG_2 TRANSLATED" src="_images/img.png" />"""
-    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
-
-
-@sphinx_intl
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
-@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
-def test_text_references(app, warning):
-    app.builder.build_specific([app.srcdir / 'refs.txt'])
-
-    warnings = warning.getvalue().replace(os.sep, '/')
-    warning_expr = 'refs.txt:\\d+: ERROR: Unknown target name:'
-    assert_count(warning_expr, warnings, 0)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'text',
-    testroot='intl_substitution_definitions',
-    confoverrides={
-        'language': 'xx', 'locale_dirs': ['.'],
-        'gettext_compact': False,
-    },
-)
-def test_text_prolog_epilog_substitution(app):
-    app.build()
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'prolog_epilog_substitution.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    assert result == """\
-1. I18N WITH PROLOGUE AND EPILOGUE SUBSTITUTIONS
-************************************************
-
-THIS IS CONTENT THAT CONTAINS prologue substitute text.
-
-SUBSTITUTED IMAGE [image: SUBST_PROLOG_2 TRANSLATED][image] HERE.
-
-THIS IS CONTENT THAT CONTAINS epilogue substitute text.
-
-SUBSTITUTED IMAGE [image: SUBST_EPILOG_2 TRANSLATED][image] HERE.
-"""
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'dummy', testroot='images',
-    srcdir='test_intl_images',
-    confoverrides={'language': 'xx'},
-)
-def test_image_glob_intl(app):
-    app.build()
-
-    # index.rst
-    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('index')
-    assert_node(doctree[0][1], nodes.image, uri='rimg.xx.png',
-                candidates={'*': 'rimg.xx.png'})
-
-    assert isinstance(doctree[0][2], nodes.figure)
-    assert_node(doctree[0][2][0], nodes.image, uri='rimg.xx.png',
-                candidates={'*': 'rimg.xx.png'})
-
-    assert_node(doctree[0][3], nodes.image, uri='img.*',
-                candidates={'application/pdf': 'img.pdf',
-                            'image/gif': 'img.gif',
-                            'image/png': 'img.png'})
-
-    assert isinstance(doctree[0][4], nodes.figure)
-    assert_node(doctree[0][4][0], nodes.image, uri='img.*',
-                candidates={'application/pdf': 'img.pdf',
-                            'image/gif': 'img.gif',
-                            'image/png': 'img.png'})
-
-    # subdir/index.rst
-    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('subdir/index')
-    assert_node(doctree[0][1], nodes.image, uri='subdir/rimg.xx.png',
-                candidates={'*': 'subdir/rimg.xx.png'})
-
-    assert_node(doctree[0][2], nodes.image, uri='subdir/svgimg.*',
-                candidates={'application/pdf': 'subdir/svgimg.pdf',
-                            'image/svg+xml': 'subdir/svgimg.xx.svg'})
-
-    assert isinstance(doctree[0][3], nodes.figure)
-    assert_node(doctree[0][3][0], nodes.image, uri='subdir/svgimg.*',
-                candidates={'application/pdf': 'subdir/svgimg.pdf',
-                            'image/svg+xml': 'subdir/svgimg.xx.svg'})
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    'dummy', testroot='images',
-    srcdir='test_intl_images',
-    confoverrides={
-        'language': 'xx',
-        'figure_language_filename': '{root}{ext}.{language}',
-    },
-)
-def test_image_glob_intl_using_figure_language_filename(app):
-    app.build()
-
-    # index.rst
-    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('index')
-    assert_node(doctree[0][1], nodes.image, uri='rimg.png.xx',
-                candidates={'*': 'rimg.png.xx'})
-
-    assert isinstance(doctree[0][2], nodes.figure)
-    assert_node(doctree[0][2][0], nodes.image, uri='rimg.png.xx',
-                candidates={'*': 'rimg.png.xx'})
-
-    assert_node(doctree[0][3], nodes.image, uri='img.*',
-                candidates={'application/pdf': 'img.pdf',
-                            'image/gif': 'img.gif',
-                            'image/png': 'img.png'})
-
-    assert isinstance(doctree[0][4], nodes.figure)
-    assert_node(doctree[0][4][0], nodes.image, uri='img.*',
-                candidates={'application/pdf': 'img.pdf',
-                            'image/gif': 'img.gif',
-                            'image/png': 'img.png'})
-
-    # subdir/index.rst
-    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('subdir/index')
-    assert_node(doctree[0][1], nodes.image, uri='subdir/rimg.png',
-                candidates={'*': 'subdir/rimg.png'})
-
-    assert_node(doctree[0][2], nodes.image, uri='subdir/svgimg.*',
-                candidates={'application/pdf': 'subdir/svgimg.pdf',
-                            'image/svg+xml': 'subdir/svgimg.svg'})
-
-    assert isinstance(doctree[0][3], nodes.figure)
-    assert_node(doctree[0][3][0], nodes.image, uri='subdir/svgimg.*',
-                candidates={'application/pdf': 'subdir/svgimg.pdf',
-                            'image/svg+xml': 'subdir/svgimg.svg'})
-
-
-def getwarning(warnings):
-    return strip_escseq(warnings.getvalue().replace(os.sep, '/'))
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
-                    srcdir='gettext_allow_fuzzy_translations',
-                    confoverrides={
-                        'language': 'de',
-                        'gettext_allow_fuzzy_translations': True,
-                    })
-def test_gettext_allow_fuzzy_translations(app):
-    locale_dir = app.srcdir / 'locales' / 'de' / 'LC_MESSAGES'
-    locale_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    with (locale_dir / 'index.po').open('wb') as f:
-        catalog = Catalog()
-        catalog.add('features', 'FEATURES', flags=('fuzzy',))
-        pofile.write_po(f, catalog)
-
-    app.build()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert 'FEATURES' in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
-                    srcdir='gettext_disallow_fuzzy_translations',
-                    confoverrides={
-                        'language': 'de',
-                        'gettext_allow_fuzzy_translations': False,
-                    })
-def test_gettext_disallow_fuzzy_translations(app):
-    locale_dir = app.srcdir / 'locales' / 'de' / 'LC_MESSAGES'
-    locale_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    with (locale_dir / 'index.po').open('wb') as f:
-        catalog = Catalog()
-        catalog.add('features', 'FEATURES', flags=('fuzzy',))
-        pofile.write_po(f, catalog)
-
-    app.build()
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert 'FEATURES' not in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic', confoverrides={'language': 'de'})
-def test_customize_system_message(make_app, app_params, sphinx_test_tempdir):
-    try:
-        # clear translators cache
-        locale.translators.clear()
-
-        # prepare message catalog (.po)
-        locale_dir = sphinx_test_tempdir / 'basic' / 'locales' / 'de' / 'LC_MESSAGES'
-        locale_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-        with (locale_dir / 'sphinx.po').open('wb') as f:
-            catalog = Catalog()
-            catalog.add('Quick search', 'QUICK SEARCH')
-            pofile.write_po(f, catalog)
-
-        # construct application and convert po file to .mo
-        args, kwargs = app_params
-        app = make_app(*args, **kwargs)
-        assert (locale_dir / 'sphinx.mo').exists()
-        assert app.translator.gettext('Quick search') == 'QUICK SEARCH'
-
-        app.build()
-        content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-        assert 'QUICK SEARCH' in content
-    finally:
-        locale.translators.clear()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='intl', confoverrides={'today_fmt': '%Y-%m-%d'})
-def test_customize_today_date_format(app, monkeypatch):
-    with monkeypatch.context() as m:
-        m.setenv('SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH', '1439131307')
-        app.build()
-        content = (app.outdir / 'refs.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    assert '2015-08-09' in content
diff --git a/tests/test_intl/__init__.py b/tests/test_intl/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/tests/test_intl/test_catalogs.py b/tests/test_intl/test_catalogs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7fd7be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_intl/test_catalogs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+"""Test the base build process."""
+import shutil
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def _setup_test(app_params):
+    assert isinstance(app_params.kwargs['srcdir'], Path)
+    srcdir = app_params.kwargs['srcdir']
+    src_locale_dir = srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES'
+    dest_locale_dir = srcdir / 'locale'
+    # copy all catalogs into locale layout directory
+    for po in src_locale_dir.rglob('*.po'):
+        copy_po = (dest_locale_dir / 'en' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / po.relative_to(src_locale_dir))
+        if not copy_po.parent.exists():
+            copy_po.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        shutil.copy(po, copy_po)
+
+    yield
+
+    # delete remnants left over after failed build
+    shutil.rmtree(dest_locale_dir, ignore_errors=True)
+    shutil.rmtree(srcdir / '_build', ignore_errors=True)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures('_setup_test')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test-catalogs')
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'html', testroot='intl',
+    confoverrides={'language': 'en', 'locale_dirs': ['./locale']})
+def test_compile_all_catalogs(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.compile_all_catalogs()
+
+    locale_dir = app.srcdir / 'locale'
+    catalog_dir = locale_dir / app.config.language / 'LC_MESSAGES'
+    expect = {x.with_suffix('.mo') for x in catalog_dir.rglob('*.po')}
+    actual = set(catalog_dir.rglob('*.mo'))
+    assert actual  # not empty
+    assert actual == expect
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures('_setup_test')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test-catalogs')
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'html', testroot='intl',
+    confoverrides={'language': 'en', 'locale_dirs': ['./locale']})
+def test_compile_specific_catalogs(app, status, warning):
+    locale_dir = app.srcdir / 'locale'
+    catalog_dir = locale_dir / app.config.language / 'LC_MESSAGES'
+
+    actual_on_boot = set(catalog_dir.rglob('*.mo'))  # sphinx.mo might be included
+    app.builder.compile_specific_catalogs([app.srcdir / 'admonitions.txt'])
+    actual = {str(x.relative_to(catalog_dir))
+              for x in catalog_dir.rglob('*.mo')
+              if x not in actual_on_boot}
+    assert actual == {'admonitions.mo'}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures('_setup_test')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test-catalogs')
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'html', testroot='intl',
+    confoverrides={'language': 'en', 'locale_dirs': ['./locale']})
+def test_compile_update_catalogs(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.compile_update_catalogs()
+
+    locale_dir = app.srcdir / 'locale'
+    catalog_dir = locale_dir / app.config.language / 'LC_MESSAGES'
+    expect = {x.with_suffix('.mo') for x in set(catalog_dir.rglob('*.po'))}
+    actual = set(catalog_dir.rglob('*.mo'))
+    assert actual  # not empty
+    assert actual == expect
diff --git a/tests/test_intl/test_intl.py b/tests/test_intl/test_intl.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b1e9ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_intl/test_intl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1672 @@
+"""Test message patching for internationalization purposes.
+
+Runs the text builder in the test root.
+"""
+
+import os
+import os.path
+import re
+import shutil
+import time
+
+import pytest
+from babel.messages import mofile, pofile
+from babel.messages.catalog import Catalog
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx import locale
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node, etree_parse
+from sphinx.util.console import strip_colors
+from sphinx.util.nodes import NodeMatcher
+
+_CATALOG_LOCALE = 'xx'
+
+sphinx_intl = pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    testroot='intl',
+    confoverrides={
+        'language': _CATALOG_LOCALE, 'locale_dirs': ['.'],
+        'gettext_compact': False,
+    },
+)
+
+
+def read_po(pathname):
+    with open(pathname, encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        return pofile.read_po(f)
+
+
+def write_mo(pathname, po):
+    with open(pathname, 'wb') as f:
+        return mofile.write_mo(f, po)
+
+
+def _set_mtime_ns(target, value):
+    os.utime(target, ns=(value, value))
+    return os.stat(target).st_mtime_ns
+
+
+def _get_bom_intl_path(app):
+    basedir = app.srcdir / _CATALOG_LOCALE / 'LC_MESSAGES'
+    return basedir / 'bom.po', basedir / 'bom.mo'
+
+
+def _get_update_targets(app):
+    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
+    added, changed, removed = app.env.get_outdated_files(config_changed=False)
+    return added, changed, removed
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _info(app):
+    yield
+    print('# language:', app.config.language)
+    print('# locale_dirs:', app.config.locale_dirs)
+
+
+def elem_gettexts(elem):
+    return [_f for _f in [s.strip() for s in elem.itertext()] if _f]
+
+
+def elem_getref(elem):
+    return elem.attrib.get('refid') or elem.attrib.get('refuri')
+
+
+def assert_elem(elem, texts=None, refs=None, names=None):
+    if texts is not None:
+        _texts = elem_gettexts(elem)
+        assert _texts == texts
+    if refs is not None:
+        _refs = [elem_getref(x) for x in elem.findall('reference')]
+        assert _refs == refs
+    if names is not None:
+        _names = elem.attrib.get('names').split()
+        assert _names == names
+
+
+def assert_count(expected_expr, result, count):
+    find_pair = (expected_expr, result)
+    assert len(re.findall(*find_pair)) == count, find_pair
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_emit_warnings(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    # test warnings in translation
+    warnings = getwarning(warning)
+    warning_expr = ('.*/warnings.txt:4:<translated>:1: '
+                    'WARNING: Inline literal start-string without end-string.\n')
+    assert re.search(warning_expr, warnings), f'{warning_expr!r} did not match {warnings!r}'
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_warning_node(app):
+    app.build()
+    # test warnings in translation
+    result = (app.outdir / 'warnings.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = ("3. I18N WITH REST WARNINGS"
+              "\n**************************\n"
+              "\nLINE OF >>``<<BROKEN LITERAL MARKUP.\n")
+    assert result == expect
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_title_underline(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- simple translation; check title underlines
+    result = (app.outdir / 'bom.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = ("2. Datei mit UTF-8"
+              "\n******************\n"  # underline matches new translation
+              "\nThis file has umlauts: äöü.\n")
+    assert result == expect
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_subdirs(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- check translation in subdirs
+    result = (app.outdir / 'subdir' / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert result.startswith('1. subdir contents\n******************\n')
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_inconsistency_warnings(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    # --- check warnings for inconsistency in number of references
+    result = (app.outdir / 'refs_inconsistency.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = ("8. I18N WITH REFS INCONSISTENCY"
+              "\n*******************************\n"
+              "\n* FOR CITATION [ref3].\n"
+              "\n* reference FOR reference.\n"
+              "\n* ORPHAN REFERENCE: I18N WITH REFS INCONSISTENCY.\n"
+              "\n[1] THIS IS A AUTO NUMBERED FOOTNOTE.\n"
+              "\n[ref2] THIS IS A CITATION.\n"
+              "\n[100] THIS IS A NUMBERED FOOTNOTE.\n")
+    assert result == expect
+
+    warnings = getwarning(warning)
+    warning_fmt = ('.*/refs_inconsistency.txt:\\d+: '
+                   'WARNING: inconsistent %(reftype)s in translated message.'
+                   ' original: %(original)s, translated: %(translated)s\n')
+    expected_warning_expr = (
+        warning_fmt % {
+            'reftype': 'footnote references',
+            'original': "\\['\\[#\\]_'\\]",
+            'translated': "\\[\\]",
+        } +
+        warning_fmt % {
+            'reftype': 'footnote references',
+            'original': "\\['\\[100\\]_'\\]",
+            'translated': "\\[\\]",
+        } +
+        warning_fmt % {
+            'reftype': 'references',
+            'original': "\\['reference_'\\]",
+            'translated': "\\['reference_', 'reference_'\\]",
+        } +
+        warning_fmt % {
+            'reftype': 'references',
+            'original': "\\[\\]",
+            'translated': "\\['`I18N WITH REFS INCONSISTENCY`_'\\]",
+        })
+    assert re.search(expected_warning_expr, warnings), f'{expected_warning_expr!r} did not match {warnings!r}'
+
+    expected_citation_warning_expr = (
+        '.*/refs_inconsistency.txt:\\d+: WARNING: Citation \\[ref2\\] is not referenced.\n' +
+        '.*/refs_inconsistency.txt:\\d+: WARNING: citation not found: ref3')
+    assert re.search(expected_citation_warning_expr, warnings), f'{expected_citation_warning_expr!r} did not match {warnings!r}'
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_noqa(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'noqa.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = r"""FIRST SECTION
+*************
+
+TRANSLATED TEXT WITHOUT REFERENCE.
+
+TEST noqa WHITESPACE INSENSITIVITY.
+
+"#noqa" IS ESCAPED AT THE END OF THIS STRING. #noqa
+
+
+NEXT SECTION WITH PARAGRAPH TO TEST BARE noqa
+*********************************************
+
+Some text, again referring to the section: NEXT SECTION WITH PARAGRAPH
+TO TEST BARE noqa.
+"""
+    assert result == expect
+    assert "next-section" not in getwarning(warning)
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_literalblock_warnings(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    # --- check warning for literal block
+    result = (app.outdir / 'literalblock.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = ("9. I18N WITH LITERAL BLOCK"
+              "\n**************************\n"
+              "\nCORRECT LITERAL BLOCK:\n"
+              "\n   this is"
+              "\n   literal block\n"
+              "\nMISSING LITERAL BLOCK:\n"
+              "\n<SYSTEM MESSAGE:")
+    assert result.startswith(expect)
+
+    warnings = getwarning(warning)
+    expected_warning_expr = ('.*/literalblock.txt:\\d+: '
+                             'WARNING: Literal block expected; none found.')
+    assert re.search(expected_warning_expr, warnings), f'{expected_warning_expr!r} did not match {warnings!r}'
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_definition_terms(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- definition terms: regression test for #975, #2198, #2205
+    result = (app.outdir / 'definition_terms.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = ("13. I18N WITH DEFINITION TERMS"
+              "\n******************************\n"
+              "\nSOME TERM"
+              "\n   THE CORRESPONDING DEFINITION\n"
+              "\nSOME *TERM* WITH LINK"
+              "\n   THE CORRESPONDING DEFINITION #2\n"
+              "\nSOME **TERM** WITH : CLASSIFIER1 : CLASSIFIER2"
+              "\n   THE CORRESPONDING DEFINITION\n"
+              "\nSOME TERM WITH : CLASSIFIER[]"
+              "\n   THE CORRESPONDING DEFINITION\n")
+    assert result == expect
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_glossary_term(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    # --- glossary terms: regression test for #1090
+    result = (app.outdir / 'glossary_terms.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = (r"""18. I18N WITH GLOSSARY TERMS
+****************************
+
+SOME NEW TERM
+   THE CORRESPONDING GLOSSARY
+
+SOME OTHER NEW TERM
+   THE CORRESPONDING GLOSSARY #2
+
+LINK TO *SOME NEW TERM*.
+
+TRANSLATED GLOSSARY SHOULD BE SORTED BY TRANSLATED TERMS:
+
+TRANSLATED TERM XXX
+   DEFINE XXX
+
+TRANSLATED TERM YYY
+   DEFINE YYY
+
+TRANSLATED TERM ZZZ
+VVV
+   DEFINE ZZZ
+""")
+    assert result == expect
+    warnings = getwarning(warning)
+    assert 'term not in glossary' not in warnings
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_glossary_term_inconsistencies(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    # --- glossary term inconsistencies: regression test for #1090
+    result = (app.outdir / 'glossary_terms_inconsistency.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = ("19. I18N WITH GLOSSARY TERMS INCONSISTENCY"
+              "\n******************************************\n"
+              "\n1. LINK TO *SOME NEW TERM*.\n")
+    assert result == expect
+
+    warnings = getwarning(warning)
+    expected_warning_expr = (
+        '.*/glossary_terms_inconsistency.txt:\\d+: '
+        'WARNING: inconsistent term references in translated message.'
+        " original: \\[':term:`Some term`', ':term:`Some other term`'\\],"
+        " translated: \\[':term:`SOME NEW TERM`'\\]\n")
+    assert re.search(expected_warning_expr, warnings), f'{expected_warning_expr!r} did not match {warnings!r}'
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_gettext')
+def test_gettext_section(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- section
+    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / _CATALOG_LOCALE / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'section.po')
+    actual = read_po(app.outdir / 'section.pot')
+    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
+        assert expect_msg.id in [m.id for m in actual if m.id]
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_section(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- section
+    result = (app.outdir / 'section.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / _CATALOG_LOCALE / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'section.po')
+    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
+        assert expect_msg.string in result
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_seealso(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- seealso
+    result = (app.outdir / 'seealso.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = ("12. I18N WITH SEEALSO"
+              "\n*********************\n"
+              "\nSee also: SHORT TEXT 1\n"
+              "\nSee also: LONG TEXT 1\n"
+              "\nSee also:\n"
+              "\n  SHORT TEXT 2\n"
+              "\n  LONG TEXT 2\n")
+    assert result == expect
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_figure_captions(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- figure captions: regression test for #940
+    result = (app.outdir / 'figure.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = ("14. I18N WITH FIGURE CAPTION"
+              "\n****************************\n"
+              "\n   [image]MY CAPTION OF THE FIGURE\n"
+              "\n   MY DESCRIPTION PARAGRAPH1 OF THE FIGURE.\n"
+              "\n   MY DESCRIPTION PARAGRAPH2 OF THE FIGURE.\n"
+              "\n"
+              "\n14.1. FIGURE IN THE BLOCK"
+              "\n=========================\n"
+              "\nBLOCK\n"
+              "\n      [image]MY CAPTION OF THE FIGURE\n"
+              "\n      MY DESCRIPTION PARAGRAPH1 OF THE FIGURE.\n"
+              "\n      MY DESCRIPTION PARAGRAPH2 OF THE FIGURE.\n"
+              "\n"
+              "\n"
+              "14.2. IMAGE URL AND ALT\n"
+              "=======================\n"
+              "\n"
+              "[image: I18N -> IMG][image]\n"
+              "\n"
+              "   [image: IMG -> I18N][image]\n"
+              "\n"
+              "\n"
+              "14.3. IMAGE ON SUBSTITUTION\n"
+              "===========================\n"
+              "\n"
+              "\n"
+              "14.4. IMAGE UNDER NOTE\n"
+              "======================\n"
+              "\n"
+              "Note:\n"
+              "\n"
+              "  [image: i18n under note][image]\n"
+              "\n"
+              "     [image: img under note][image]\n")
+    assert result == expect
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_rubric(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- rubric: regression test for pull request #190
+    result = (app.outdir / 'rubric.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = ("I18N WITH RUBRIC"
+              "\n****************\n"
+              "\n-[ RUBRIC TITLE ]-\n"
+              "\n"
+              "\nRUBRIC IN THE BLOCK"
+              "\n===================\n"
+              "\nBLOCK\n"
+              "\n   -[ RUBRIC TITLE ]-\n")
+    assert result == expect
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_docfields(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- docfields
+    result = (app.outdir / 'docfields.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = ("21. I18N WITH DOCFIELDS"
+              "\n***********************\n"
+              "\nclass Cls1\n"
+              "\n   Parameters:"
+              "\n      **param** -- DESCRIPTION OF PARAMETER param\n"
+              "\nclass Cls2\n"
+              "\n   Parameters:"
+              "\n      * **foo** -- DESCRIPTION OF PARAMETER foo\n"
+              "\n      * **bar** -- DESCRIPTION OF PARAMETER bar\n"
+              "\nclass Cls3(values)\n"
+              "\n   Raises:"
+              "\n      **ValueError** -- IF THE VALUES ARE OUT OF RANGE\n"
+              "\nclass Cls4(values)\n"
+              "\n   Raises:"
+              "\n      * **TypeError** -- IF THE VALUES ARE NOT VALID\n"
+              "\n      * **ValueError** -- IF THE VALUES ARE OUT OF RANGE\n"
+              "\nclass Cls5\n"
+              "\n   Returns:"
+              '\n      A NEW "Cls3" INSTANCE\n')
+    assert result == expect
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_admonitions(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- admonitions
+    # #1206: gettext did not translate admonition directive's title
+    # seealso: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/docs/ref/rst/directives.html#admonitions
+    result = (app.outdir / 'admonitions.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    directives = (
+        "attention", "caution", "danger", "error", "hint",
+        "important", "note", "tip", "warning", "admonition")
+    for d in directives:
+        assert d.upper() + " TITLE" in result
+        assert d.upper() + " BODY" in result
+
+    # for #4938 `1. ` prefixed admonition title
+    assert "1. ADMONITION TITLE" in result
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_gettext')
+def test_gettext_toctree(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- toctree (index.rst)
+    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / _CATALOG_LOCALE / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'index.po')
+    actual = read_po(app.outdir / 'index.pot')
+    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
+        assert expect_msg.id in [m.id for m in actual if m.id]
+    # --- toctree (toctree.rst)
+    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / _CATALOG_LOCALE / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'toctree.po')
+    actual = read_po(app.outdir / 'toctree.pot')
+    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
+        assert expect_msg.id in [m.id for m in actual if m.id]
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_gettext')
+def test_gettext_table(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- toctree
+    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / _CATALOG_LOCALE / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'table.po')
+    actual = read_po(app.outdir / 'table.pot')
+    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
+        assert expect_msg.id in [m.id for m in actual if m.id]
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_table(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- toctree
+    result = (app.outdir / 'table.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / _CATALOG_LOCALE / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'table.po')
+    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
+        assert expect_msg.string in result
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_toctree(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- toctree (index.rst)
+    # Note: index.rst contains contents that is not shown in text.
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'CONTENTS' in result
+    assert 'TABLE OF CONTENTS' in result
+    # --- toctree (toctree.rst)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'toctree.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / _CATALOG_LOCALE / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'toctree.po')
+    for expect_msg in (m for m in expect if m.id):
+        assert expect_msg.string in result
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_gettext')
+def test_gettext_topic(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- topic
+    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / _CATALOG_LOCALE / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'topic.po')
+    actual = read_po(app.outdir / 'topic.pot')
+    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
+        assert expect_msg.id in [m.id for m in actual if m.id]
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_topic(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- topic
+    result = (app.outdir / 'topic.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / _CATALOG_LOCALE / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'topic.po')
+    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
+        assert expect_msg.string in result
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_gettext')
+def test_gettext_definition_terms(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- definition terms: regression test for #2198, #2205
+    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / _CATALOG_LOCALE / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'definition_terms.po')
+    actual = read_po(app.outdir / 'definition_terms.pot')
+    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
+        assert expect_msg.id in [m.id for m in actual if m.id]
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_gettext')
+def test_gettext_glossary_terms(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    # --- glossary terms: regression test for #1090
+    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / _CATALOG_LOCALE / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'glossary_terms.po')
+    actual = read_po(app.outdir / 'glossary_terms.pot')
+    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
+        assert expect_msg.id in [m.id for m in actual if m.id]
+    warnings = warning.getvalue().replace(os.sep, '/')
+    assert 'term not in glossary' not in warnings
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_gettext')
+def test_gettext_glossary_term_inconsistencies(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- glossary term inconsistencies: regression test for #1090
+    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / _CATALOG_LOCALE / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'glossary_terms_inconsistency.po')
+    actual = read_po(app.outdir / 'glossary_terms_inconsistency.pot')
+    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
+        assert expect_msg.id in [m.id for m in actual if m.id]
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_gettext')
+def test_gettext_literalblock(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- gettext builder always ignores ``only`` directive
+    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / _CATALOG_LOCALE / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'literalblock.po')
+    actual = read_po(app.outdir / 'literalblock.pot')
+    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
+        if len(expect_msg.id.splitlines()) == 1:
+            # compare translations only labels
+            assert expect_msg.id in [m.id for m in actual if m.id]
+        else:
+            pass  # skip code-blocks and literalblocks
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_gettext')
+def test_gettext_buildr_ignores_only_directive(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- gettext builder always ignores ``only`` directive
+    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / _CATALOG_LOCALE / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'only.po')
+    actual = read_po(app.outdir / 'only.pot')
+    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
+        assert expect_msg.id in [m.id for m in actual if m.id]
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+def test_node_translated_attribute(app):
+    app.build(filenames=[app.srcdir / 'translation_progress.txt'])
+
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('translation_progress')
+
+    translated_nodes = sum(1 for _ in doctree.findall(NodeMatcher(translated=True)))
+    assert translated_nodes == 10 + 1  # 10 lines + title
+
+    untranslated_nodes = sum(1 for _ in doctree.findall(NodeMatcher(translated=False)))
+    assert untranslated_nodes == 2 + 2 + 1  # 2 lines + 2 lines + substitution reference
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+def test_translation_progress_substitution(app):
+    app.build(filenames=[app.srcdir / 'translation_progress.txt'])
+
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('translation_progress')
+
+    assert doctree[0][19][0] == '68.75%'  # 11 out of 16 lines are translated
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='intl', freshenv=True, confoverrides={
+    'language': _CATALOG_LOCALE, 'locale_dirs': ['.'],
+    'gettext_compact': False,
+    'translation_progress_classes': True,
+})
+def test_translation_progress_classes_true(app):
+    app.build(filenames=[app.srcdir / 'translation_progress.txt'])
+
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('translation_progress')
+
+    # title
+    assert 'translated' in doctree[0][0]['classes']
+
+    # translated lines
+    assert 'translated' in doctree[0][1]['classes']
+    assert 'translated' in doctree[0][2]['classes']
+    assert 'translated' in doctree[0][3]['classes']
+    assert 'translated' in doctree[0][4]['classes']
+    assert 'translated' in doctree[0][5]['classes']
+    assert 'translated' in doctree[0][6]['classes']
+    assert 'translated' in doctree[0][7]['classes']
+    assert 'translated' in doctree[0][8]['classes']
+
+    assert doctree[0][9]['classes'] == []  # comment node
+
+    # idempotent
+    assert 'translated' in doctree[0][10]['classes']
+    assert 'translated' in doctree[0][11]['classes']
+
+    assert doctree[0][12]['classes'] == []  # comment node
+
+    # untranslated
+    assert 'untranslated' in doctree[0][13]['classes']
+    assert 'untranslated' in doctree[0][14]['classes']
+
+    assert doctree[0][15]['classes'] == []  # comment node
+
+    # missing
+    assert 'untranslated' in doctree[0][16]['classes']
+    assert 'untranslated' in doctree[0][17]['classes']
+
+    assert doctree[0][18]['classes'] == []  # comment node
+
+    # substitution reference
+    assert 'untranslated' in doctree[0][19]['classes']
+
+    assert len(doctree[0]) == 20
+
+
+class _MockClock:
+    """Object for mocking :func:`time.time_ns` (if needed).
+
+    Use :meth:`sleep` to make this specific clock sleep for some time.
+    """
+
+    def time(self) -> int:
+        """Nanosecond since 'fake' epoch."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def sleep(self, ds: float) -> None:
+        """Sleep *ds* seconds."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class _MockWindowsClock(_MockClock):
+    """Object for mocking :func:`time.time_ns` on Windows platforms.
+
+    The result is in 'nanoseconds' but with a microsecond resolution
+    so that the division by 1_000 does not cause rounding issues.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.us: int = 0  # current microsecond 'tick'
+
+    def time(self) -> int:
+        ret = 1_000 * self.us
+        self.us += 1
+        return ret
+
+    def sleep(self, ds: float) -> None:
+        self.us += int(ds * 1e6)
+
+
+class _MockUnixClock(_MockClock):
+    """Object for mocking :func:`time.time_ns` on Unix platforms.
+
+    Since nothing is needed for Unix platforms, this object acts as
+    a proxy so that the API is the same as :class:`_MockWindowsClock`.
+    """
+
+    def time(self) -> int:
+        return time.time_ns()
+
+    def sleep(self, ds: float) -> None:
+        time.sleep(ds)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def mock_time_and_i18n(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> tuple[pytest.MonkeyPatch, _MockClock]:
+    from sphinx.util.i18n import CatalogInfo
+
+    # save the 'original' definition
+    catalog_write_mo = CatalogInfo.write_mo
+
+    def mock_write_mo(self, locale, use_fuzzy=False):
+        catalog_write_mo(self, locale, use_fuzzy)
+        # ensure that the .mo file being written has a correct fake timestamp
+        _set_mtime_ns(self.mo_path, time.time_ns())
+
+    # see: https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/363
+    with pytest.MonkeyPatch.context() as mock:
+        if os.name == 'posix':
+            clock = _MockUnixClock()
+        else:
+            # When using pytest.mark.parametrize() to emulate test repetition,
+            # the teardown phase on Windows fails due to an error apparently in
+            # the colorama.ansitowin32 module, so we forcibly disable colors.
+            mock.setenv('NO_COLOR', '1')
+            # apply the patch only for Windows
+            clock = _MockWindowsClock()
+            mock.setattr('time.time_ns', clock.time)
+            # Use clock.sleep() to emulate time.sleep() but do not try
+            # to mock the latter since this might break other libraries.
+            mock.setattr('sphinx.util.i18n.CatalogInfo.write_mo', mock_write_mo)
+        yield mock, clock
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+# use the same testroot as 'gettext' since the latter contains less PO files
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='builder-gettext-dont-rebuild-mo', freshenv=True)
+def test_dummy_should_rebuild_mo(mock_time_and_i18n, make_app, app_params):
+    mock, clock = mock_time_and_i18n
+    assert os.name == 'posix' or clock.time() == 0
+
+    args, kwargs = app_params
+    app = make_app(*args, **kwargs)
+    po_path, mo_path = _get_bom_intl_path(app)
+
+    # creation time of the those files (order does not matter)
+    bom_rst = app.srcdir / 'bom.rst'
+    bom_rst_time = time.time_ns()
+
+    index_rst = app.srcdir / 'index.rst'
+    index_rst_time = time.time_ns()
+    po_time = time.time_ns()
+
+    # patch the 'creation time' of the source files
+    assert _set_mtime_ns(po_path, po_time) == po_time
+    assert _set_mtime_ns(bom_rst, bom_rst_time) == bom_rst_time
+    assert _set_mtime_ns(index_rst, index_rst_time) == index_rst_time
+
+    assert not mo_path.exists()
+    # when writing mo files, the counter is updated by calling
+    # patch_write_mo which is called to create .mo files (and
+    # thus the timestamp of the files are not those given by
+    # the OS but our fake ones)
+    app.build()
+    assert mo_path.exists()
+    # Do a real sleep on POSIX, or simulate a sleep on Windows
+    # to ensure that calls to time.time_ns() remain consistent.
+    clock.sleep(0.1 if os.name == 'posix' else 1)
+
+    # check that the source files were not modified
+    assert bom_rst.stat().st_mtime_ns == bom_rst_time
+    assert index_rst.stat().st_mtime_ns == index_rst_time
+    # check that the 'bom' document is discovered after the .mo
+    # file has been written on the disk (i.e., read_doc() is called
+    # after the creation of the .mo files)
+    assert app.env.all_docs['bom'] > mo_path.stat().st_mtime_ns // 1000
+
+    # Since it is after the build, the number of documents to be updated is 0
+    update_targets = _get_update_targets(app)
+    assert update_targets[1] == set()
+    # When rewriting the timestamp of mo file, the number of documents to be
+    # updated will be changed.
+    new_mo_time = time.time_ns()
+    assert _set_mtime_ns(mo_path, new_mo_time) == new_mo_time
+    update_targets = _get_update_targets(app)
+    assert update_targets[1] == {'bom'}
+    mock.undo()  # explicit call since it's not a context
+
+    # remove all sources for the next test
+    shutil.rmtree(app.srcdir, ignore_errors=True)
+    time.sleep(0.1 if os.name == 'posix' else 0.5)  # real sleep
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext', testroot='builder-gettext-dont-rebuild-mo', freshenv=True)
+def test_gettext_dont_rebuild_mo(mock_time_and_i18n, app):
+    mock, clock = mock_time_and_i18n
+    assert os.name == 'posix' or clock.time() == 0
+
+    assert app.srcdir.exists()
+
+    # patch the 'creation time' of the source files
+    bom_rst = app.srcdir / 'bom.rst'
+    bom_rst_time = time.time_ns()
+    assert _set_mtime_ns(bom_rst, bom_rst_time) == bom_rst_time
+
+    index_rst = app.srcdir / 'index.rst'
+    index_rst_time = time.time_ns()
+    assert _set_mtime_ns(index_rst, index_rst_time) == index_rst_time
+
+    # phase 1: create fake MO file in the src directory
+    po_path, mo_path = _get_bom_intl_path(app)
+    write_mo(mo_path, read_po(po_path))
+    po_time = time.time_ns()
+    assert _set_mtime_ns(po_path, po_time) == po_time
+
+    # phase 2: build document with gettext builder.
+    # The mo file in the srcdir directory is retained.
+    app.build()
+    # Do a real sleep on POSIX, or simulate a sleep on Windows
+    # to ensure that calls to time.time_ns() remain consistent.
+    clock.sleep(0.5 if os.name == 'posix' else 1)
+    # Since it is after the build, the number of documents to be updated is 0
+    update_targets = _get_update_targets(app)
+    assert update_targets[1] == set()
+    # Even if the timestamp of the mo file is updated, the number of documents
+    # to be updated is 0. gettext builder does not rebuild because of mo update.
+    new_mo_time = time.time_ns()
+    assert _set_mtime_ns(mo_path, new_mo_time) == new_mo_time
+    update_targets = _get_update_targets(app)
+    assert update_targets[1] == set()
+    mock.undo()  # remove the patch
+
+    # remove all sources for the next test
+    shutil.rmtree(app.srcdir, ignore_errors=True)
+    time.sleep(0.1 if os.name == 'posix' else 0.5)  # real sleep
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_html_meta(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- test for meta
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expected_expr = '<meta content="TESTDATA FOR I18N" name="description" translated="True" />'
+    assert expected_expr in result
+    expected_expr = '<meta content="I18N, SPHINX, MARKUP" name="keywords" translated="True" />'
+    assert expected_expr in result
+    expected_expr = '<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">HIDDEN TOC</span></p>'
+    assert expected_expr in result
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_html_footnotes(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- test for #955 cant-build-html-with-footnotes-when-using
+    # expect no error by build
+    (app.outdir / 'footnote.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_html_undefined_refs(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- links to undefined reference
+    result = (app.outdir / 'refs_inconsistency.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    expected_expr = ('<a class="reference external" '
+                     'href="https://www.example.com">reference</a>')
+    assert len(re.findall(expected_expr, result)) == 2
+
+    expected_expr = ('<a class="reference internal" '
+                     'href="#reference">reference</a>')
+    assert len(re.findall(expected_expr, result)) == 0
+
+    expected_expr = ('<a class="reference internal" '
+                     'href="#i18n-with-refs-inconsistency">I18N WITH '
+                     'REFS INCONSISTENCY</a>')
+    assert len(re.findall(expected_expr, result)) == 1
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_html_index_entries(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- index entries: regression test for #976
+    result = (app.outdir / 'genindex.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    def wrap(tag, keyword):
+        start_tag = "<%s[^>]*>" % tag
+        end_tag = "</%s>" % tag
+        return fr"{start_tag}\s*{keyword}\s*{end_tag}"
+
+    def wrap_nest(parenttag, childtag, keyword):
+        start_tag1 = "<%s[^>]*>" % parenttag
+        start_tag2 = "<%s[^>]*>" % childtag
+        return fr"{start_tag1}\s*{keyword}\s*{start_tag2}"
+    expected_exprs = [
+        wrap('a', 'NEWSLETTER'),
+        wrap('a', 'MAILING LIST'),
+        wrap('a', 'RECIPIENTS LIST'),
+        wrap('a', 'FIRST SECOND'),
+        wrap('a', 'SECOND THIRD'),
+        wrap('a', 'THIRD, FIRST'),
+        wrap_nest('li', 'ul', 'ENTRY'),
+        wrap_nest('li', 'ul', 'SEE'),
+    ]
+    for expr in expected_exprs:
+        assert re.search(expr, result, re.MULTILINE), f'{expr!r} did not match {result!r}'
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_html_versionchanges(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- versionchanges
+    result = (app.outdir / 'versionchange.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    def get_content(result, name):
+        matched = re.search(r'<div class="%s">\n*(.*?)</div>' % name,
+                            result, re.DOTALL)
+        if matched:
+            return matched.group(1)
+        else:
+            return ''
+
+    expect1 = (
+        """<p><span class="versionmodified deprecated">Deprecated since version 1.0: </span>"""
+        """THIS IS THE <em>FIRST</em> PARAGRAPH OF DEPRECATED.</p>\n"""
+        """<p>THIS IS THE <em>SECOND</em> PARAGRAPH OF DEPRECATED.</p>\n""")
+    matched_content = get_content(result, "deprecated")
+    assert expect1 == matched_content
+
+    expect2 = (
+        """<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 1.0: </span>"""
+        """THIS IS THE <em>FIRST</em> PARAGRAPH OF VERSIONADDED.</p>\n""")
+    matched_content = get_content(result, "versionadded")
+    assert expect2 == matched_content
+
+    expect3 = (
+        """<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 1.0: </span>"""
+        """THIS IS THE <em>FIRST</em> PARAGRAPH OF VERSIONCHANGED.</p>\n""")
+    matched_content = get_content(result, "versionchanged")
+    assert expect3 == matched_content
+
+    expect4 = (
+        """<p><span class="versionmodified removed">Removed in version 1.0: </span>"""
+        """THIS IS THE <em>FIRST</em> PARAGRAPH OF VERSIONREMOVED.</p>\n""")
+    matched_content = get_content(result, "versionremoved")
+    assert expect4 == matched_content
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_html_docfields(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- docfields
+    # expect no error by build
+    (app.outdir / 'docfields.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_html_template(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- gettext template
+    result = (app.outdir / 'contents.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert "WELCOME" in result
+    assert "SPHINX 2013.120" in result
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_html_rebuild_mo(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- rebuild by .mo mtime
+    app.build()
+    _, updated, _ = _get_update_targets(app)
+    assert updated == set()
+
+    _, bom_file = _get_bom_intl_path(app)
+    old_mtime = bom_file.stat().st_mtime
+    new_mtime = old_mtime + (dt := 5)
+    os.utime(bom_file, (new_mtime, new_mtime))
+    assert old_mtime + dt == new_mtime, (old_mtime + dt, new_mtime)
+    _, updated, _ = _get_update_targets(app)
+    assert updated == {'bom'}
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_xml_footnotes(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    # --- footnotes: regression test for fix #955, #1176
+    et = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'footnote.xml')
+    secs = et.findall('section')
+
+    para0 = secs[0].findall('paragraph')
+    assert_elem(
+        para0[0],
+        ['I18N WITH FOOTNOTE', 'INCLUDE THIS CONTENTS',
+         '2', '[ref]', '1', '100', '*', '. SECOND FOOTNOTE_REF', '100', '.'],
+        ['i18n-with-footnote', 'ref'])
+
+    # check node_id for footnote_references which refer same footnote (refs: #3002)
+    assert para0[0][4].text == para0[0][6].text == '100'
+    assert para0[0][4].attrib['ids'] != para0[0][6].attrib['ids']
+
+    footnote0 = secs[0].findall('footnote')
+    assert_elem(
+        footnote0[0],
+        ['1', 'THIS IS A AUTO NUMBERED FOOTNOTE.'],
+        None,
+        ['1'])
+    assert_elem(
+        footnote0[1],
+        ['100', 'THIS IS A NUMBERED FOOTNOTE.'],
+        None,
+        ['100'])
+    assert_elem(
+        footnote0[2],
+        ['2', 'THIS IS A AUTO NUMBERED NAMED FOOTNOTE.'],
+        None,
+        ['named'])
+    assert_elem(
+        footnote0[3],
+        ['*', 'THIS IS A AUTO SYMBOL FOOTNOTE.'],
+        None,
+        None)
+
+    citation0 = secs[0].findall('citation')
+    assert_elem(
+        citation0[0],
+        ['ref', 'THIS IS A NAMED FOOTNOTE.'],
+        None,
+        ['ref'])
+
+    warnings = getwarning(warning)
+    warning_expr = '.*/footnote.xml:\\d*: SEVERE: Duplicate ID: ".*".\n'
+    assert not re.search(warning_expr, warnings), f'{warning_expr!r} did match {warnings!r}'
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_xml_footnote_backlinks(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- footnote backlinks: i18n test for #1058
+    et = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'footnote.xml')
+    secs = et.findall('section')
+
+    para0 = secs[0].findall('paragraph')
+    refs0 = para0[0].findall('footnote_reference')
+    refid2id = {r.attrib.get('refid'): r.attrib.get('ids') for r in refs0}
+
+    footnote0 = secs[0].findall('footnote')
+    for footnote in footnote0:
+        ids = footnote.attrib.get('ids')
+        backrefs = footnote.attrib.get('backrefs').split()
+        assert refid2id[ids] in backrefs
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_xml_refs_in_python_domain(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- refs in the Python domain
+    et = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'refs_python_domain.xml')
+    secs = et.findall('section')
+
+    # regression test for fix #1363
+    para0 = secs[0].findall('paragraph')
+    assert_elem(
+        para0[0],
+        ['SEE THIS DECORATOR:', 'sensitive_variables()', '.'],
+        ['sensitive.sensitive_variables'])
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_xml_keep_external_links(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- keep external links: regression test for #1044
+    et = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'external_links.xml')
+    secs = et.findall('section')
+
+    para0 = secs[0].findall('paragraph')
+    # external link check
+    assert_elem(
+        para0[0],
+        ['EXTERNAL LINK TO', 'Python', '.'],
+        ['https://python.org/index.html'])
+
+    # internal link check
+    assert_elem(
+        para0[1],
+        ['EXTERNAL LINKS', 'IS INTERNAL LINK.'],
+        ['i18n-with-external-links'])
+
+    # inline link check
+    assert_elem(
+        para0[2],
+        ['INLINE LINK BY', 'THE SPHINX SITE', '.'],
+        ['https://sphinx-doc.org'])
+
+    # unnamed link check
+    assert_elem(
+        para0[3],
+        ['UNNAMED', 'LINK', '.'],
+        ['https://google.com'])
+
+    # link target swapped translation
+    para1 = secs[1].findall('paragraph')
+    assert_elem(
+        para1[0],
+        ['LINK TO', 'external2', 'AND', 'external1', '.'],
+        ['https://www.google.com/external2',
+         'https://www.google.com/external1'])
+    assert_elem(
+        para1[1],
+        ['LINK TO', 'THE PYTHON SITE', 'AND', 'THE SPHINX SITE', '.'],
+        ['https://python.org', 'https://sphinx-doc.org'])
+
+    # multiple references in the same line
+    para2 = secs[2].findall('paragraph')
+    assert_elem(
+        para2[0],
+        ['LINK TO', 'EXTERNAL LINKS', ',', 'Python', ',',
+         'THE SPHINX SITE', ',', 'UNNAMED', 'AND',
+         'THE PYTHON SITE', '.'],
+        ['i18n-with-external-links', 'https://python.org/index.html',
+         'https://sphinx-doc.org', 'https://google.com',
+         'https://python.org'])
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_xml_role_xref(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- role xref: regression test for #1090, #1193
+    et = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'role_xref.xml')
+    sec1, sec2 = et.findall('section')
+
+    para1, = sec1.findall('paragraph')
+    assert_elem(
+        para1,
+        ['LINK TO', "I18N ROCK'N ROLE XREF", ',', 'CONTENTS', ',',
+         'SOME NEW TERM', '.'],
+        ['i18n-role-xref', 'index',
+         'glossary_terms#term-Some-term'])
+
+    para2 = sec2.findall('paragraph')
+    assert_elem(
+        para2[0],
+        ['LINK TO', 'SOME OTHER NEW TERM', 'AND', 'SOME NEW TERM', '.'],
+        ['glossary_terms#term-Some-other-term',
+         'glossary_terms#term-Some-term'])
+    assert_elem(
+        para2[1],
+        ['LINK TO', 'LABEL', 'AND',
+         'SAME TYPE LINKS', 'AND', 'SAME TYPE LINKS', '.'],
+        ['i18n-role-xref', 'same-type-links', 'same-type-links'])
+    assert_elem(
+        para2[2],
+        ['LINK TO', 'I18N WITH GLOSSARY TERMS', 'AND', 'CONTENTS', '.'],
+        ['glossary_terms', 'index'])
+    assert_elem(
+        para2[3],
+        ['LINK TO', '--module', 'AND', '-m', '.'],
+        ['cmdoption-module', 'cmdoption-m'])
+    assert_elem(
+        para2[4],
+        ['LINK TO', 'env2', 'AND', 'env1', '.'],
+        ['envvar-env2', 'envvar-env1'])
+    assert_elem(
+        para2[5],
+        ['LINK TO', 'token2', 'AND', 'token1', '.'],
+        [])  # TODO: how do I link token role to productionlist?
+    assert_elem(
+        para2[6],
+        ['LINK TO', 'same-type-links', 'AND', "i18n-role-xref", '.'],
+        ['same-type-links', 'i18n-role-xref'])
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_xml_warnings(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    # warnings
+    warnings = getwarning(warning)
+    assert 'term not in glossary' not in warnings
+    assert 'undefined label' not in warnings
+    assert 'unknown document' not in warnings
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_xml_label_targets(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- label targets: regression test for #1193, #1265
+    et = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'label_target.xml')
+    secs = et.findall('section')
+
+    para0 = secs[0].findall('paragraph')
+    assert_elem(
+        para0[0],
+        ['X SECTION AND LABEL', 'POINT TO', 'implicit-target', 'AND',
+         'X SECTION AND LABEL', 'POINT TO', 'section-and-label', '.'],
+        ['implicit-target', 'section-and-label'])
+
+    para1 = secs[1].findall('paragraph')
+    assert_elem(
+        para1[0],
+        ['X EXPLICIT-TARGET', 'POINT TO', 'explicit-target', 'AND',
+         'X EXPLICIT-TARGET', 'POINT TO DUPLICATED ID LIKE', 'id1',
+         '.'],
+        ['explicit-target', 'id1'])
+
+    para2 = secs[2].findall('paragraph')
+    assert_elem(
+        para2[0],
+        ['X IMPLICIT SECTION NAME', 'POINT TO',
+         'implicit-section-name', '.'],
+        ['implicit-section-name'])
+
+    sec2 = secs[2].findall('section')
+
+    para2_0 = sec2[0].findall('paragraph')
+    assert_elem(
+        para2_0[0],
+        ['`X DUPLICATED SUB SECTION`_', 'IS BROKEN LINK.'],
+        [])
+
+    para3 = secs[3].findall('paragraph')
+    assert_elem(
+        para3[0],
+        ['X', 'bridge label',
+         'IS NOT TRANSLATABLE BUT LINKED TO TRANSLATED ' +
+         'SECTION TITLE.'],
+        ['label-bridged-target-section'])
+    assert_elem(
+        para3[1],
+        ['X', 'bridge label', 'POINT TO',
+         'LABEL BRIDGED TARGET SECTION', 'AND', 'bridge label2',
+         'POINT TO', 'SECTION AND LABEL', '. THE SECOND APPEARED',
+         'bridge label2', 'POINT TO CORRECT TARGET.'],
+        ['label-bridged-target-section',
+         'section-and-label',
+         'section-and-label'])
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_additional_targets_should_not_be_translated(app):
+    app.build()
+    # [literalblock.txt]
+    result = (app.outdir / 'literalblock.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # title should be translated
+    expected_expr = 'CODE-BLOCKS'
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 2)
+
+    # ruby code block should not be translated but be highlighted
+    expected_expr = """<span class="s1">&#39;result&#39;</span>"""
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+    # C code block without lang should not be translated and *ruby* highlighted
+    expected_expr = """<span class="c1">#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;</span>"""
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+    # C code block with lang should not be translated but be *C* highlighted
+    expected_expr = ("""<span class="cp">#include</span>"""
+                     """<span class="w"> </span>"""
+                     """<span class="cpf">&lt;stdio.h&gt;</span>""")
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+    # literal block in list item should not be translated
+    expected_expr = ("""<span class="n">literal</span>"""
+                     """<span class="o">-</span>"""
+                     """<span class="n">block</span>\n"""
+                     """<span class="k">in</span>"""
+                     """<span class="w"> </span>"""
+                     """<span class="n">list</span>""")
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+    # doctest block should not be translated but be highlighted
+    expected_expr = (
+        """<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>"""
+        """<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">sys</span>  """
+        """<span class="c1"># sys importing</span>""")
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+    # [raw.txt]
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'raw.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # raw block should not be translated
+    expected_expr = """<iframe src="https://sphinx-doc.org"></iframe></section>"""
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+    # [figure.txt]
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'figure.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # src for image block should not be translated (alt is translated)
+    expected_expr = """<img alt="I18N -&gt; IMG" src="_images/i18n.png" />"""
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+    # src for figure block should not be translated (alt is translated)
+    expected_expr = """<img alt="IMG -&gt; I18N" src="_images/img.png" />"""
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'html',
+    srcdir='test_additional_targets_should_be_translated',
+    confoverrides={
+        'language': _CATALOG_LOCALE, 'locale_dirs': ['.'],
+        'gettext_compact': False,
+        'gettext_additional_targets': [
+            'index',
+            'literal-block',
+            'doctest-block',
+            'raw',
+            'image',
+        ],
+    },
+)
+def test_additional_targets_should_be_translated(app):
+    app.build()
+    # [literalblock.txt]
+    result = (app.outdir / 'literalblock.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # title should be translated
+    expected_expr = 'CODE-BLOCKS'
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 2)
+
+    # ruby code block should be translated and be highlighted
+    expected_expr = """<span class="s1">&#39;RESULT&#39;</span>"""
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+    # C code block without lang should be translated and *ruby* highlighted
+    expected_expr = """<span class="c1">#include &lt;STDLIB.H&gt;</span>"""
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+    # C code block with lang should be translated and be *C* highlighted
+    expected_expr = ("""<span class="cp">#include</span>"""
+                     """<span class="w"> </span>"""
+                     """<span class="cpf">&lt;STDIO.H&gt;</span>""")
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+    # literal block in list item should be translated
+    expected_expr = ("""<span class="no">LITERAL</span>"""
+                     """<span class="o">-</span>"""
+                     """<span class="no">BLOCK</span>\n"""
+                     """<span class="no">IN</span>"""
+                     """<span class="w"> </span>"""
+                     """<span class="no">LIST</span>""")
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+    # doctest block should not be translated but be highlighted
+    expected_expr = (
+        """<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>"""
+        """<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">sys</span>  """
+        """<span class="c1"># SYS IMPORTING</span>""")
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+    # '#noqa' should remain in literal blocks.
+    assert_count("#noqa", result, 1)
+
+    # [raw.txt]
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'raw.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # raw block should be translated
+    expected_expr = """<iframe src="HTTPS://SPHINX-DOC.ORG"></iframe></section>"""
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+    # [figure.txt]
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'figure.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # alt and src for image block should be translated
+    expected_expr = """<img alt="I18N -&gt; IMG" src="_images/img.png" />"""
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+    # alt and src for figure block should be translated
+    expected_expr = """<img alt="IMG -&gt; I18N" src="_images/i18n.png" />"""
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'html',
+    testroot='intl_substitution_definitions',
+    confoverrides={
+        'language': _CATALOG_LOCALE, 'locale_dirs': ['.'],
+        'gettext_compact': False,
+        'gettext_additional_targets': [
+            'index',
+            'literal-block',
+            'doctest-block',
+            'raw',
+            'image',
+        ],
+    },
+)
+def test_additional_targets_should_be_translated_substitution_definitions(app):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    # [prolog_epilog_substitution.txt]
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'prolog_epilog_substitution.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # alt and src for image block should be translated
+    expected_expr = """<img alt="SUBST_PROLOG_2 TRANSLATED" src="_images/i18n.png" />"""
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+    # alt and src for image block should be translated
+    expected_expr = """<img alt="SUBST_EPILOG_2 TRANSLATED" src="_images/img.png" />"""
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_references(app, warning):
+    app.build(filenames=[app.srcdir / 'refs.txt'])
+
+    warnings = warning.getvalue().replace(os.sep, '/')
+    warning_expr = 'refs.txt:\\d+: ERROR: Unknown target name:'
+    assert_count(warning_expr, warnings, 0)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'text',
+    testroot='intl_substitution_definitions',
+    confoverrides={
+        'language': _CATALOG_LOCALE, 'locale_dirs': ['.'],
+        'gettext_compact': False,
+    },
+)
+def test_text_prolog_epilog_substitution(app):
+    app.build()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'prolog_epilog_substitution.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    assert result == """\
+1. I18N WITH PROLOGUE AND EPILOGUE SUBSTITUTIONS
+************************************************
+
+THIS IS CONTENT THAT CONTAINS prologue substitute text.
+
+SUBSTITUTED IMAGE [image: SUBST_PROLOG_2 TRANSLATED][image] HERE.
+
+THIS IS CONTENT THAT CONTAINS epilogue substitute text.
+
+SUBSTITUTED IMAGE [image: SUBST_EPILOG_2 TRANSLATED][image] HERE.
+"""
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'dummy', testroot='images',
+    srcdir='test_intl_images',
+    confoverrides={'language': _CATALOG_LOCALE},
+)
+def test_image_glob_intl(app):
+    app.build()
+
+    # index.rst
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('index')
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1], nodes.image, uri='rimg.xx.png',
+                candidates={'*': 'rimg.xx.png'})
+
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0][2], nodes.figure)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][2][0], nodes.image, uri='rimg.xx.png',
+                candidates={'*': 'rimg.xx.png'})
+
+    assert_node(doctree[0][3], nodes.image, uri='img.*',
+                candidates={'application/pdf': 'img.pdf',
+                            'image/gif': 'img.gif',
+                            'image/png': 'img.png'})
+
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0][4], nodes.figure)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][4][0], nodes.image, uri='img.*',
+                candidates={'application/pdf': 'img.pdf',
+                            'image/gif': 'img.gif',
+                            'image/png': 'img.png'})
+
+    # subdir/index.rst
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('subdir/index')
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1], nodes.image, uri='subdir/rimg.xx.png',
+                candidates={'*': 'subdir/rimg.xx.png'})
+
+    assert_node(doctree[0][2], nodes.image, uri='subdir/svgimg.*',
+                candidates={'application/pdf': 'subdir/svgimg.pdf',
+                            'image/svg+xml': 'subdir/svgimg.xx.svg'})
+
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0][3], nodes.figure)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][3][0], nodes.image, uri='subdir/svgimg.*',
+                candidates={'application/pdf': 'subdir/svgimg.pdf',
+                            'image/svg+xml': 'subdir/svgimg.xx.svg'})
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'dummy', testroot='images',
+    srcdir='test_intl_images',
+    confoverrides={
+        'language': _CATALOG_LOCALE,
+        'figure_language_filename': '{root}{ext}.{language}',
+    },
+)
+def test_image_glob_intl_using_figure_language_filename(app):
+    app.build()
+
+    # index.rst
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('index')
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1], nodes.image, uri='rimg.png.xx',
+                candidates={'*': 'rimg.png.xx'})
+
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0][2], nodes.figure)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][2][0], nodes.image, uri='rimg.png.xx',
+                candidates={'*': 'rimg.png.xx'})
+
+    assert_node(doctree[0][3], nodes.image, uri='img.*',
+                candidates={'application/pdf': 'img.pdf',
+                            'image/gif': 'img.gif',
+                            'image/png': 'img.png'})
+
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0][4], nodes.figure)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][4][0], nodes.image, uri='img.*',
+                candidates={'application/pdf': 'img.pdf',
+                            'image/gif': 'img.gif',
+                            'image/png': 'img.png'})
+
+    # subdir/index.rst
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('subdir/index')
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1], nodes.image, uri='subdir/rimg.png',
+                candidates={'*': 'subdir/rimg.png'})
+
+    assert_node(doctree[0][2], nodes.image, uri='subdir/svgimg.*',
+                candidates={'application/pdf': 'subdir/svgimg.pdf',
+                            'image/svg+xml': 'subdir/svgimg.svg'})
+
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0][3], nodes.figure)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][3][0], nodes.image, uri='subdir/svgimg.*',
+                candidates={'application/pdf': 'subdir/svgimg.pdf',
+                            'image/svg+xml': 'subdir/svgimg.svg'})
+
+
+def getwarning(warnings):
+    return strip_colors(warnings.getvalue().replace(os.sep, '/'))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
+                    srcdir='gettext_allow_fuzzy_translations',
+                    confoverrides={
+                        'language': 'de',
+                        'gettext_allow_fuzzy_translations': True,
+                    })
+def test_gettext_allow_fuzzy_translations(app):
+    locale_dir = app.srcdir / 'locales' / 'de' / 'LC_MESSAGES'
+    locale_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    with (locale_dir / 'index.po').open('wb') as f:
+        catalog = Catalog()
+        catalog.add('features', 'FEATURES', flags=('fuzzy',))
+        pofile.write_po(f, catalog)
+
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'FEATURES' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
+                    srcdir='gettext_disallow_fuzzy_translations',
+                    confoverrides={
+                        'language': 'de',
+                        'gettext_allow_fuzzy_translations': False,
+                    })
+def test_gettext_disallow_fuzzy_translations(app):
+    locale_dir = app.srcdir / 'locales' / 'de' / 'LC_MESSAGES'
+    locale_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    with (locale_dir / 'index.po').open('wb') as f:
+        catalog = Catalog()
+        catalog.add('features', 'FEATURES', flags=('fuzzy',))
+        pofile.write_po(f, catalog)
+
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'FEATURES' not in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic', confoverrides={'language': 'de'})
+def test_customize_system_message(make_app, app_params):
+    try:
+        # clear translators cache
+        locale.translators.clear()
+
+        # prepare message catalog (.po)
+        locale_dir = app_params.kwargs['srcdir'] / 'locales' / 'de' / 'LC_MESSAGES'
+        locale_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        with (locale_dir / 'sphinx.po').open('wb') as f:
+            catalog = Catalog()
+            catalog.add('Quick search', 'QUICK SEARCH')
+            pofile.write_po(f, catalog)
+
+        # construct application and convert po file to .mo
+        args, kwargs = app_params
+        app = make_app(*args, **kwargs)
+        assert (locale_dir / 'sphinx.mo').exists()
+        assert app.translator.gettext('Quick search') == 'QUICK SEARCH'
+
+        app.build()
+        content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+        assert 'QUICK SEARCH' in content
+    finally:
+        locale.translators.clear()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='intl', confoverrides={'today_fmt': '%Y-%m-%d'})
+def test_customize_today_date_format(app, monkeypatch):
+    with monkeypatch.context() as m:
+        m.setenv('SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH', '1439131307')
+        app.build()
+        content = (app.outdir / 'refs.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    assert '2015-08-09' in content
diff --git a/tests/test_intl/test_locale.py b/tests/test_intl/test_locale.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11dd95d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_intl/test_locale.py
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+"""Test locale."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx import locale
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _cleanup_translations():
+    yield
+    locale.translators.clear()
+
+
+def test_init(rootdir):
+    # not initialized yet
+    _ = locale.get_translation('myext')
+    assert _('Hello world') == 'Hello world'
+    assert _('Hello sphinx') == 'Hello sphinx'
+    assert _('Hello reST') == 'Hello reST'
+
+    # load locale1
+    locale.init([rootdir / 'test-locale' / 'locale1'], 'en', 'myext')
+    _ = locale.get_translation('myext')
+    assert _('Hello world') == 'HELLO WORLD'
+    assert _('Hello sphinx') == 'Hello sphinx'
+    assert _('Hello reST') == 'Hello reST'
+
+    # load a catalog to unrelated namespace
+    locale.init([rootdir / 'test-locale' / 'locale2'], 'en', 'myext', 'mynamespace')
+    _ = locale.get_translation('myext')
+    assert _('Hello world') == 'HELLO WORLD'
+    assert _('Hello sphinx') == 'Hello sphinx'  # nothing changed here
+    assert _('Hello reST') == 'Hello reST'
+
+    # load locale2 in addition
+    locale.init([rootdir / 'test-locale' / 'locale2'], 'en', 'myext')
+    _ = locale.get_translation('myext')
+    assert _('Hello world') == 'HELLO WORLD'
+    assert _('Hello sphinx') == 'HELLO SPHINX'
+    assert _('Hello reST') == 'Hello reST'
+
+
+def test_init_with_unknown_language(rootdir):
+    locale.init([rootdir / 'test-locale' / 'locale1'], 'unknown', 'myext')
+    _ = locale.get_translation('myext')
+    assert _('Hello world') == 'Hello world'
+    assert _('Hello sphinx') == 'Hello sphinx'
+    assert _('Hello reST') == 'Hello reST'
+
+
+def test_add_message_catalog(app, rootdir):
+    app.config.language = 'en'
+    app.add_message_catalog('myext', rootdir / 'test-locale' / 'locale1')
+    _ = locale.get_translation('myext')
+    assert _('Hello world') == 'HELLO WORLD'
+    assert _('Hello sphinx') == 'Hello sphinx'
+    assert _('Hello reST') == 'Hello reST'
+
+
+def _empty_language_translation(rootdir):
+    locale_dirs, catalog = [rootdir / 'test-locale' / 'locale1'], 'myext'
+    locale.translators.clear()
+    locale.init(locale_dirs, language=None, catalog=catalog)
+    return locale.get_translation(catalog)
+
+
+def test_init_environment_language(rootdir, monkeypatch):
+    with monkeypatch.context() as m:
+        m.setenv("LANGUAGE", "en_US:en")
+        _ = _empty_language_translation(rootdir)
+        assert _('Hello world') == 'HELLO WORLD'
+
+    with monkeypatch.context() as m:
+        m.setenv("LANGUAGE", "et_EE:et")
+        _ = _empty_language_translation(rootdir)
+        assert _('Hello world') == 'Tere maailm'
diff --git a/tests/test_locale.py b/tests/test_locale.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 11dd95d..0000000
--- a/tests/test_locale.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-"""Test locale."""
-
-import pytest
-
-from sphinx import locale
-
-
-@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
-def _cleanup_translations():
-    yield
-    locale.translators.clear()
-
-
-def test_init(rootdir):
-    # not initialized yet
-    _ = locale.get_translation('myext')
-    assert _('Hello world') == 'Hello world'
-    assert _('Hello sphinx') == 'Hello sphinx'
-    assert _('Hello reST') == 'Hello reST'
-
-    # load locale1
-    locale.init([rootdir / 'test-locale' / 'locale1'], 'en', 'myext')
-    _ = locale.get_translation('myext')
-    assert _('Hello world') == 'HELLO WORLD'
-    assert _('Hello sphinx') == 'Hello sphinx'
-    assert _('Hello reST') == 'Hello reST'
-
-    # load a catalog to unrelated namespace
-    locale.init([rootdir / 'test-locale' / 'locale2'], 'en', 'myext', 'mynamespace')
-    _ = locale.get_translation('myext')
-    assert _('Hello world') == 'HELLO WORLD'
-    assert _('Hello sphinx') == 'Hello sphinx'  # nothing changed here
-    assert _('Hello reST') == 'Hello reST'
-
-    # load locale2 in addition
-    locale.init([rootdir / 'test-locale' / 'locale2'], 'en', 'myext')
-    _ = locale.get_translation('myext')
-    assert _('Hello world') == 'HELLO WORLD'
-    assert _('Hello sphinx') == 'HELLO SPHINX'
-    assert _('Hello reST') == 'Hello reST'
-
-
-def test_init_with_unknown_language(rootdir):
-    locale.init([rootdir / 'test-locale' / 'locale1'], 'unknown', 'myext')
-    _ = locale.get_translation('myext')
-    assert _('Hello world') == 'Hello world'
-    assert _('Hello sphinx') == 'Hello sphinx'
-    assert _('Hello reST') == 'Hello reST'
-
-
-def test_add_message_catalog(app, rootdir):
-    app.config.language = 'en'
-    app.add_message_catalog('myext', rootdir / 'test-locale' / 'locale1')
-    _ = locale.get_translation('myext')
-    assert _('Hello world') == 'HELLO WORLD'
-    assert _('Hello sphinx') == 'Hello sphinx'
-    assert _('Hello reST') == 'Hello reST'
-
-
-def _empty_language_translation(rootdir):
-    locale_dirs, catalog = [rootdir / 'test-locale' / 'locale1'], 'myext'
-    locale.translators.clear()
-    locale.init(locale_dirs, language=None, catalog=catalog)
-    return locale.get_translation(catalog)
-
-
-def test_init_environment_language(rootdir, monkeypatch):
-    with monkeypatch.context() as m:
-        m.setenv("LANGUAGE", "en_US:en")
-        _ = _empty_language_translation(rootdir)
-        assert _('Hello world') == 'HELLO WORLD'
-
-    with monkeypatch.context() as m:
-        m.setenv("LANGUAGE", "et_EE:et")
-        _ = _empty_language_translation(rootdir)
-        assert _('Hello world') == 'Tere maailm'
diff --git a/tests/test_markup.py b/tests/test_markup.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 0d877b3..0000000
--- a/tests/test_markup.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,619 +0,0 @@
-"""Test various Sphinx-specific markup extensions."""
-
-import re
-import warnings
-from types import SimpleNamespace
-
-import pytest
-from docutils import frontend, nodes, utils
-from docutils.parsers.rst import Parser as RstParser
-
-from sphinx import addnodes
-from sphinx.builders.html.transforms import KeyboardTransform
-from sphinx.builders.latex import LaTeXBuilder
-from sphinx.environment import default_settings
-from sphinx.roles import XRefRole
-from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
-from sphinx.transforms import SphinxSmartQuotes
-from sphinx.util import texescape
-from sphinx.util.docutils import sphinx_domains
-from sphinx.writers.html import HTML5Translator, HTMLWriter
-from sphinx.writers.latex import LaTeXTranslator, LaTeXWriter
-
-
-@pytest.fixture()
-def settings(app):
-    texescape.init()  # otherwise done by the latex builder
-    with warnings.catch_warnings():
-        warnings.filterwarnings('ignore', category=DeprecationWarning)
-        # DeprecationWarning: The frontend.OptionParser class will be replaced
-        # by a subclass of argparse.ArgumentParser in Docutils 0.21 or later.
-        optparser = frontend.OptionParser(
-            components=(RstParser, HTMLWriter, LaTeXWriter),
-            defaults=default_settings)
-    settings = optparser.get_default_values()
-    settings.smart_quotes = True
-    settings.env = app.builder.env
-    settings.env.temp_data['docname'] = 'dummy'
-    settings.contentsname = 'dummy'
-    domain_context = sphinx_domains(settings.env)
-    domain_context.enable()
-    yield settings
-    domain_context.disable()
-
-
-@pytest.fixture()
-def new_document(settings):
-    def create():
-        document = utils.new_document('test data', settings)
-        document['file'] = 'dummy'
-        return document
-
-    return create
-
-
-@pytest.fixture()
-def inliner(new_document):
-    document = new_document()
-    document.reporter.get_source_and_line = lambda line=1: ('dummy.rst', line)
-    return SimpleNamespace(document=document, reporter=document.reporter)
-
-
-@pytest.fixture()
-def parse(new_document):
-    def parse_(rst):
-        document = new_document()
-        parser = RstParser()
-        parser.parse(rst, document)
-        SphinxSmartQuotes(document, startnode=None).apply()
-        for msg in list(document.findall(nodes.system_message)):
-            if msg['level'] == 1:
-                msg.replace_self([])
-        return document
-    return parse_
-
-
-# since we're not resolving the markup afterwards, these nodes may remain
-class ForgivingTranslator:
-    def visit_pending_xref(self, node):
-        pass
-
-    def depart_pending_xref(self, node):
-        pass
-
-
-class ForgivingHTMLTranslator(HTML5Translator, ForgivingTranslator):
-    pass
-
-
-class ForgivingLaTeXTranslator(LaTeXTranslator, ForgivingTranslator):
-    pass
-
-
-@pytest.fixture()
-def verify_re_html(app, parse):
-    def verify(rst, html_expected):
-        document = parse(rst)
-        KeyboardTransform(document).apply()
-        html_translator = ForgivingHTMLTranslator(document, app.builder)
-        document.walkabout(html_translator)
-        html_translated = ''.join(html_translator.fragment).strip()
-        assert re.match(html_expected, html_translated), 'from ' + rst
-    return verify
-
-
-@pytest.fixture()
-def verify_re_latex(app, parse):
-    def verify(rst, latex_expected):
-        document = parse(rst)
-        app.builder = LaTeXBuilder(app, app.env)
-        app.builder.init()
-        theme = app.builder.themes.get('manual')
-        latex_translator = ForgivingLaTeXTranslator(document, app.builder, theme)
-        latex_translator.first_document = -1  # don't write \begin{document}
-        document.walkabout(latex_translator)
-        latex_translated = ''.join(latex_translator.body).strip()
-        assert re.match(latex_expected, latex_translated), 'from ' + repr(rst)
-    return verify
-
-
-@pytest.fixture()
-def verify_re(verify_re_html, verify_re_latex):
-    def verify_re_(rst, html_expected, latex_expected):
-        if html_expected:
-            verify_re_html(rst, html_expected)
-        if latex_expected:
-            verify_re_latex(rst, latex_expected)
-    return verify_re_
-
-
-@pytest.fixture()
-def verify(verify_re_html, verify_re_latex):
-    def verify_(rst, html_expected, latex_expected):
-        if html_expected:
-            verify_re_html(rst, re.escape(html_expected) + '$')
-        if latex_expected:
-            verify_re_latex(rst, re.escape(latex_expected) + '$')
-    return verify_
-
-
-@pytest.fixture()
-def get_verifier(verify, verify_re):
-    v = {
-        'verify': verify,
-        'verify_re': verify_re,
-    }
-
-    def get(name):
-        return v[name]
-    return get
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(('type', 'rst', 'html_expected', 'latex_expected'), [
-    (
-        # pep role
-        'verify',
-        ':pep:`8`',
-        ('<p><span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="pep reference external" '
-         'href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0008/"><strong>PEP 8</strong></a></p>'),
-        ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
-         '\\index{Python Enhancement Proposals@\\spxentry{Python Enhancement Proposals}'
-         '!PEP 8@\\spxentry{PEP 8}}\\sphinxhref{https://peps.python.org/pep-0008/}'
-         '{\\sphinxstylestrong{PEP 8}}'),
-    ),
-    (
-        # pep role with anchor
-        'verify',
-        ':pep:`8#id1`',
-        ('<p><span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="pep reference external" '
-         'href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0008/#id1">'
-         '<strong>PEP 8#id1</strong></a></p>'),
-        ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
-         '\\index{Python Enhancement Proposals@\\spxentry{Python Enhancement Proposals}'
-         '!PEP 8\\#id1@\\spxentry{PEP 8\\#id1}}\\sphinxhref'
-         '{https://peps.python.org/pep-0008/\\#id1}'
-         '{\\sphinxstylestrong{PEP 8\\#id1}}'),
-    ),
-    (
-        # rfc role
-        'verify',
-        ':rfc:`2324`',
-        ('<p><span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="rfc reference external" '
-         'href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2324.html"><strong>RFC 2324</strong></a></p>'),
-        ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
-         '\\index{RFC@\\spxentry{RFC}!RFC 2324@\\spxentry{RFC 2324}}'
-         '\\sphinxhref{https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2324.html}'
-         '{\\sphinxstylestrong{RFC 2324}}'),
-    ),
-    (
-        # rfc role with anchor
-        'verify',
-        ':rfc:`2324#id1`',
-        ('<p><span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="rfc reference external" '
-         'href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2324.html#id1">'
-         '<strong>RFC 2324#id1</strong></a></p>'),
-        ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
-         '\\index{RFC@\\spxentry{RFC}!RFC 2324\\#id1@\\spxentry{RFC 2324\\#id1}}'
-         '\\sphinxhref{https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2324.html\\#id1}'
-         '{\\sphinxstylestrong{RFC 2324\\#id1}}'),
-    ),
-    (
-        # correct interpretation of code with whitespace
-        'verify_re',
-        '``code   sample``',
-        ('<p><code class="(samp )?docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'
-         'code</span>&#160;&#160; <span class="pre">sample</span></code></p>'),
-        r'\\sphinxAtStartPar\n\\sphinxcode{\\sphinxupquote{code   sample}}',
-    ),
-    (
-        # interpolation of arrows in menuselection
-        'verify',
-        ':menuselection:`a --> b`',
-        ('<p><span class="menuselection">a \N{TRIANGULAR BULLET} b</span></p>'),
-        '\\sphinxAtStartPar\n\\sphinxmenuselection{a \\(\\rightarrow\\) b}',
-    ),
-    (
-        # interpolation of ampersands in menuselection
-        'verify',
-        ':menuselection:`&Foo -&&- &Bar`',
-        ('<p><span class="menuselection"><span class="accelerator">F</span>oo '
-         '-&amp;- <span class="accelerator">B</span>ar</span></p>'),
-        ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
-         r'\sphinxmenuselection{\sphinxaccelerator{F}oo \sphinxhyphen{}'
-         r'\&\sphinxhyphen{} \sphinxaccelerator{B}ar}'),
-    ),
-    (
-        # interpolation of ampersands in guilabel
-        'verify',
-        ':guilabel:`&Foo -&&- &Bar`',
-        ('<p><span class="guilabel"><span class="accelerator">F</span>oo '
-         '-&amp;- <span class="accelerator">B</span>ar</span></p>'),
-        ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
-         r'\sphinxguilabel{\sphinxaccelerator{F}oo \sphinxhyphen{}\&\sphinxhyphen{} \sphinxaccelerator{B}ar}'),
-    ),
-    (
-        # no ampersands in guilabel
-        'verify',
-        ':guilabel:`Foo`',
-        '<p><span class="guilabel">Foo</span></p>',
-        '\\sphinxAtStartPar\n\\sphinxguilabel{Foo}',
-    ),
-    (
-        # kbd role
-        'verify',
-        ':kbd:`space`',
-        '<p><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">space</kbd></p>',
-        '\\sphinxAtStartPar\n\\sphinxkeyboard{\\sphinxupquote{space}}',
-    ),
-    (
-        # kbd role
-        'verify',
-        ':kbd:`Control+X`',
-        ('<p><kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate">'
-         '<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Control</kbd>'
-         '+'
-         '<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">X</kbd>'
-         '</kbd></p>'),
-        '\\sphinxAtStartPar\n\\sphinxkeyboard{\\sphinxupquote{Control+X}}',
-    ),
-    (
-        # kbd role
-        'verify',
-        ':kbd:`Alt+^`',
-        ('<p><kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate">'
-         '<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Alt</kbd>'
-         '+'
-         '<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">^</kbd>'
-         '</kbd></p>'),
-        ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
-         '\\sphinxkeyboard{\\sphinxupquote{Alt+\\textasciicircum{}}}'),
-    ),
-    (
-        # kbd role
-        'verify',
-        ':kbd:`M-x  M-s`',
-        ('<p><kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate">'
-         '<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">M</kbd>'
-         '-'
-         '<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">x</kbd>'
-         '  '
-         '<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">M</kbd>'
-         '-'
-         '<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">s</kbd>'
-         '</kbd></p>'),
-        ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
-         '\\sphinxkeyboard{\\sphinxupquote{M\\sphinxhyphen{}x  M\\sphinxhyphen{}s}}'),
-    ),
-    (
-        # kbd role
-        'verify',
-        ':kbd:`-`',
-        '<p><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">-</kbd></p>',
-        ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
-         '\\sphinxkeyboard{\\sphinxupquote{\\sphinxhyphen{}}}'),
-    ),
-    (
-        # kbd role
-        'verify',
-        ':kbd:`Caps Lock`',
-        '<p><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Caps Lock</kbd></p>',
-        ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
-         '\\sphinxkeyboard{\\sphinxupquote{Caps Lock}}'),
-    ),
-    (
-        # kbd role
-        'verify',
-        ':kbd:`sys   rq`',
-        '<p><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">sys   rq</kbd></p>',
-        ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
-         '\\sphinxkeyboard{\\sphinxupquote{sys   rq}}'),
-    ),
-    (
-        # non-interpolation of dashes in option role
-        'verify_re',
-        ':option:`--with-option`',
-        ('<p><code( class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate")?>'
-         '<span class="pre">--with-option</span></code></p>$'),
-        (r'\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
-         r'\\sphinxcode{\\sphinxupquote{\\sphinxhyphen{}\\sphinxhyphen{}with\\sphinxhyphen{}option}}$'),
-    ),
-    (
-        # verify smarty-pants quotes
-        'verify',
-        '"John"',
-        '<p>“John”</p>',
-        "\\sphinxAtStartPar\n“John”",
-    ),
-    (
-        # ... but not in literal text
-        'verify',
-        '``"John"``',
-        ('<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'
-         '&quot;John&quot;</span></code></p>'),
-        '\\sphinxAtStartPar\n\\sphinxcode{\\sphinxupquote{"John"}}',
-    ),
-    (
-        # verify classes for inline roles
-        'verify',
-        ':manpage:`mp(1)`',
-        '<p><em class="manpage">mp(1)</em></p>',
-        '\\sphinxAtStartPar\n\\sphinxstyleliteralemphasis{\\sphinxupquote{mp(1)}}',
-    ),
-    (
-        # correct escaping in normal mode
-        'verify',
-        'Γ\\\\∞$',
-        None,
-        '\\sphinxAtStartPar\nΓ\\textbackslash{}\\(\\infty\\)\\$',
-    ),
-    (
-        # in verbatim code fragments
-        'verify',
-        '::\n\n @Γ\\∞${}',
-        None,
-        ('\\begin{sphinxVerbatim}[commandchars=\\\\\\{\\}]\n'
-         '@Γ\\PYGZbs{}\\(\\infty\\)\\PYGZdl{}\\PYGZob{}\\PYGZcb{}\n'
-         '\\end{sphinxVerbatim}'),
-    ),
-    (
-        # in URIs
-        'verify_re',
-        '`test <https://www.google.com/~me/>`_',
-        None,
-        r'\\sphinxAtStartPar\n\\sphinxhref{https://www.google.com/~me/}{test}.*',
-    ),
-    (
-        # description list: simple
-        'verify',
-        'term\n    description',
-        '<dl class="simple">\n<dt>term</dt><dd><p>description</p>\n</dd>\n</dl>',
-        None,
-    ),
-    (
-        # description list: with classifiers
-        'verify',
-        'term : class1 : class2\n    description',
-        ('<dl class="simple">\n<dt>term<span class="classifier">class1</span>'
-         '<span class="classifier">class2</span></dt><dd><p>description</p>\n</dd>\n</dl>'),
-        None,
-    ),
-    (
-        # glossary (description list): multiple terms
-        'verify',
-        '.. glossary::\n\n   term1\n   term2\n       description',
-        ('<dl class="simple glossary">\n'
-         '<dt id="term-term1">term1<a class="headerlink" href="#term-term1"'
-         ' title="Link to this term">¶</a></dt>'
-         '<dt id="term-term2">term2<a class="headerlink" href="#term-term2"'
-         ' title="Link to this term">¶</a></dt>'
-         '<dd><p>description</p>\n</dd>\n</dl>'),
-        None,
-    ),
-])
-def test_inline(get_verifier, type, rst, html_expected, latex_expected):
-    verifier = get_verifier(type)
-    verifier(rst, html_expected, latex_expected)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(('type', 'rst', 'html_expected', 'latex_expected'), [
-    (
-        'verify',
-        r'4 backslashes \\\\',
-        r'<p>4 backslashes \\</p>',
-        None,
-    ),
-])
-def test_inline_docutils16(get_verifier, type, rst, html_expected, latex_expected):
-    verifier = get_verifier(type)
-    verifier(rst, html_expected, latex_expected)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(confoverrides={'latex_engine': 'xelatex'})
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(('type', 'rst', 'html_expected', 'latex_expected'), [
-    (
-        # in verbatim code fragments
-        'verify',
-        '::\n\n @Γ\\∞${}',
-        None,
-        ('\\begin{sphinxVerbatim}[commandchars=\\\\\\{\\}]\n'
-         '@Γ\\PYGZbs{}∞\\PYGZdl{}\\PYGZob{}\\PYGZcb{}\n'
-         '\\end{sphinxVerbatim}'),
-    ),
-])
-def test_inline_for_unicode_latex_engine(get_verifier, type, rst,
-                                         html_expected, latex_expected):
-    verifier = get_verifier(type)
-    verifier(rst, html_expected, latex_expected)
-
-
-def test_samp_role(parse):
-    # no braces
-    text = ':samp:`a{b}c`'
-    doctree = parse(text)
-    assert_node(doctree[0], [nodes.paragraph, nodes.literal, ("a",
-                                                              [nodes.emphasis, "b"],
-                                                              "c")])
-    # nested braces
-    text = ':samp:`a{{b}}c`'
-    doctree = parse(text)
-    assert_node(doctree[0], [nodes.paragraph, nodes.literal, ("a",
-                                                              [nodes.emphasis, "{b"],
-                                                              "}c")])
-
-    # half-opened braces
-    text = ':samp:`a{bc`'
-    doctree = parse(text)
-    assert_node(doctree[0], [nodes.paragraph, nodes.literal, "a{bc"])
-
-    # escaped braces
-    text = ':samp:`a\\\\{b}c`'
-    doctree = parse(text)
-    assert_node(doctree[0], [nodes.paragraph, nodes.literal, "a{b}c"])
-
-    # no braces (whitespaces are keeped as is)
-    text = ':samp:`code   sample`'
-    doctree = parse(text)
-    assert_node(doctree[0], [nodes.paragraph, nodes.literal, "code   sample"])
-
-
-def test_download_role(parse):
-    # implicit
-    text = ':download:`sphinx.rst`'
-    doctree = parse(text)
-    assert_node(doctree[0], [nodes.paragraph, addnodes.download_reference,
-                             nodes.literal, "sphinx.rst"])
-    assert_node(doctree[0][0], refdoc='dummy', refdomain='', reftype='download',
-                refexplicit=False, reftarget='sphinx.rst', refwarn=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[0][0][0], classes=['xref', 'download'])
-
-    # explicit
-    text = ':download:`reftitle <sphinx.rst>`'
-    doctree = parse(text)
-    assert_node(doctree[0], [nodes.paragraph, addnodes.download_reference,
-                             nodes.literal, "reftitle"])
-    assert_node(doctree[0][0], refdoc='dummy', refdomain='', reftype='download',
-                refexplicit=True, reftarget='sphinx.rst', refwarn=False)
-    assert_node(doctree[0][0][0], classes=['xref', 'download'])
-
-
-def test_XRefRole(inliner):
-    role = XRefRole()
-
-    # implicit
-    doctrees, errors = role('ref', 'rawtext', 'text', 5, inliner, {}, [])
-    assert len(doctrees) == 1
-    assert_node(doctrees[0], [addnodes.pending_xref, nodes.literal, 'text'])
-    assert_node(doctrees[0], refdoc='dummy', refdomain='', reftype='ref', reftarget='text',
-                refexplicit=False, refwarn=False)
-    assert errors == []
-
-    # explicit
-    doctrees, errors = role('ref', 'rawtext', 'title <target>', 5, inliner, {}, [])
-    assert_node(doctrees[0], [addnodes.pending_xref, nodes.literal, 'title'])
-    assert_node(doctrees[0], refdoc='dummy', refdomain='', reftype='ref', reftarget='target',
-                refexplicit=True, refwarn=False)
-
-    # bang
-    doctrees, errors = role('ref', 'rawtext', '!title <target>', 5, inliner, {}, [])
-    assert_node(doctrees[0], [nodes.literal, 'title <target>'])
-
-    # refdomain
-    doctrees, errors = role('test:doc', 'rawtext', 'text', 5, inliner, {}, [])
-    assert_node(doctrees[0], [addnodes.pending_xref, nodes.literal, 'text'])
-    assert_node(doctrees[0], refdoc='dummy', refdomain='test', reftype='doc', reftarget='text',
-                refexplicit=False, refwarn=False)
-
-    # fix_parens
-    role = XRefRole(fix_parens=True)
-    doctrees, errors = role('ref', 'rawtext', 'text()', 5, inliner, {}, [])
-    assert_node(doctrees[0], [addnodes.pending_xref, nodes.literal, 'text()'])
-    assert_node(doctrees[0], refdoc='dummy', refdomain='', reftype='ref', reftarget='text',
-                refexplicit=False, refwarn=False)
-
-    # lowercase
-    role = XRefRole(lowercase=True)
-    doctrees, errors = role('ref', 'rawtext', 'TEXT', 5, inliner, {}, [])
-    assert_node(doctrees[0], [addnodes.pending_xref, nodes.literal, 'TEXT'])
-    assert_node(doctrees[0], refdoc='dummy', refdomain='', reftype='ref', reftarget='text',
-                refexplicit=False, refwarn=False)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='prolog')
-def test_rst_prolog(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    rst = app.env.get_doctree('restructuredtext')
-    md = app.env.get_doctree('markdown')
-
-    # rst_prolog
-    assert_node(rst[0], nodes.paragraph)
-    assert_node(rst[0][0], nodes.emphasis)
-    assert_node(rst[0][0][0], nodes.Text)
-    assert rst[0][0][0] == 'Hello world'
-
-    # rst_epilog
-    assert_node(rst[-1], nodes.section)
-    assert_node(rst[-1][-1], nodes.paragraph)
-    assert_node(rst[-1][-1][0], nodes.emphasis)
-    assert_node(rst[-1][-1][0][0], nodes.Text)
-    assert rst[-1][-1][0][0] == 'Good-bye world'
-
-    # rst_prolog & rst_epilog on exlucding reST parser
-    assert not md.rawsource.startswith('*Hello world*.')
-    assert not md.rawsource.endswith('*Good-bye world*.\n')
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='keep_warnings')
-def test_keep_warnings_is_True(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('index')
-    assert_node(doctree[0], nodes.section)
-    assert len(doctree[0]) == 2
-    assert_node(doctree[0][1], nodes.system_message)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='keep_warnings',
-                    confoverrides={'keep_warnings': False})
-def test_keep_warnings_is_False(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('index')
-    assert_node(doctree[0], nodes.section)
-    assert len(doctree[0]) == 1
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='refonly_bullet_list')
-def test_compact_refonly_bullet_list(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('index')
-    assert_node(doctree[0], nodes.section)
-    assert len(doctree[0]) == 5
-
-    assert doctree[0][1].astext() == 'List A:'
-    assert_node(doctree[0][2], nodes.bullet_list)
-    assert_node(doctree[0][2][0][0], addnodes.compact_paragraph)
-    assert doctree[0][2][0][0].astext() == 'genindex'
-
-    assert doctree[0][3].astext() == 'List B:'
-    assert_node(doctree[0][4], nodes.bullet_list)
-    assert_node(doctree[0][4][0][0], nodes.paragraph)
-    assert doctree[0][4][0][0].astext() == 'Hello'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='default_role')
-def test_default_role1(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    # default-role: pep
-    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('index')
-    assert_node(doctree[0], nodes.section)
-    assert_node(doctree[0][1], nodes.paragraph)
-    assert_node(doctree[0][1][0], addnodes.index)
-    assert_node(doctree[0][1][1], nodes.target)
-    assert_node(doctree[0][1][2], nodes.reference, classes=["pep"])
-
-    # no default-role
-    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('foo')
-    assert_node(doctree[0], nodes.section)
-    assert_node(doctree[0][1], nodes.paragraph)
-    assert_node(doctree[0][1][0], nodes.title_reference)
-    assert_node(doctree[0][1][1], nodes.Text)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='default_role',
-                    confoverrides={'default_role': 'guilabel'})
-def test_default_role2(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
-
-    # default-role directive is stronger than configratuion
-    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('index')
-    assert_node(doctree[0], nodes.section)
-    assert_node(doctree[0][1], nodes.paragraph)
-    assert_node(doctree[0][1][0], addnodes.index)
-    assert_node(doctree[0][1][1], nodes.target)
-    assert_node(doctree[0][1][2], nodes.reference, classes=["pep"])
-
-    # default_role changes the default behavior
-    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('foo')
-    assert_node(doctree[0], nodes.section)
-    assert_node(doctree[0][1], nodes.paragraph)
-    assert_node(doctree[0][1][0], nodes.inline, classes=["guilabel"])
-    assert_node(doctree[0][1][1], nodes.Text)
diff --git a/tests/test_markup/__init__.py b/tests/test_markup/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/tests/test_markup/test_markup.py b/tests/test_markup/test_markup.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c933481
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_markup/test_markup.py
@@ -0,0 +1,619 @@
+"""Test various Sphinx-specific markup extensions."""
+
+import re
+import warnings
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import frontend, nodes, utils
+from docutils.parsers.rst import Parser as RstParser
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.builders.html.transforms import KeyboardTransform
+from sphinx.builders.latex import LaTeXBuilder
+from sphinx.environment import default_settings
+from sphinx.roles import XRefRole
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+from sphinx.transforms import SphinxSmartQuotes
+from sphinx.util import texescape
+from sphinx.util.docutils import sphinx_domains
+from sphinx.writers.html import HTML5Translator, HTMLWriter
+from sphinx.writers.latex import LaTeXTranslator, LaTeXWriter
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def settings(app):
+    texescape.init()  # otherwise done by the latex builder
+    with warnings.catch_warnings():
+        warnings.filterwarnings('ignore', category=DeprecationWarning)
+        # DeprecationWarning: The frontend.OptionParser class will be replaced
+        # by a subclass of argparse.ArgumentParser in Docutils 0.21 or later.
+        optparser = frontend.OptionParser(
+            components=(RstParser, HTMLWriter, LaTeXWriter),
+            defaults=default_settings)
+    settings = optparser.get_default_values()
+    settings.smart_quotes = True
+    settings.env = app.builder.env
+    settings.env.temp_data['docname'] = 'dummy'
+    settings.contentsname = 'dummy'
+    domain_context = sphinx_domains(settings.env)
+    domain_context.enable()
+    yield settings
+    domain_context.disable()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def new_document(settings):
+    def create():
+        document = utils.new_document('test data', settings)
+        document['file'] = 'dummy'
+        return document
+
+    return create
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def inliner(new_document):
+    document = new_document()
+    document.reporter.get_source_and_line = lambda line=1: ('dummy.rst', line)
+    return SimpleNamespace(document=document, reporter=document.reporter)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def parse(new_document):
+    def parse_(rst):
+        document = new_document()
+        parser = RstParser()
+        parser.parse(rst, document)
+        SphinxSmartQuotes(document, startnode=None).apply()
+        for msg in list(document.findall(nodes.system_message)):
+            if msg['level'] == 1:
+                msg.replace_self([])
+        return document
+    return parse_
+
+
+# since we're not resolving the markup afterwards, these nodes may remain
+class ForgivingTranslator:
+    def visit_pending_xref(self, node):
+        pass
+
+    def depart_pending_xref(self, node):
+        pass
+
+
+class ForgivingHTMLTranslator(HTML5Translator, ForgivingTranslator):
+    pass
+
+
+class ForgivingLaTeXTranslator(LaTeXTranslator, ForgivingTranslator):
+    pass
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def verify_re_html(app, parse):
+    def verify(rst, html_expected):
+        document = parse(rst)
+        KeyboardTransform(document).apply()
+        html_translator = ForgivingHTMLTranslator(document, app.builder)
+        document.walkabout(html_translator)
+        html_translated = ''.join(html_translator.fragment).strip()
+        assert re.match(html_expected, html_translated), 'from ' + rst
+    return verify
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def verify_re_latex(app, parse):
+    def verify(rst, latex_expected):
+        document = parse(rst)
+        app.builder = LaTeXBuilder(app, app.env)
+        app.builder.init()
+        theme = app.builder.themes.get('manual')
+        latex_translator = ForgivingLaTeXTranslator(document, app.builder, theme)
+        latex_translator.first_document = -1  # don't write \begin{document}
+        document.walkabout(latex_translator)
+        latex_translated = ''.join(latex_translator.body).strip()
+        assert re.match(latex_expected, latex_translated), 'from ' + repr(rst)
+    return verify
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def verify_re(verify_re_html, verify_re_latex):
+    def verify_re_(rst, html_expected, latex_expected):
+        if html_expected:
+            verify_re_html(rst, html_expected)
+        if latex_expected:
+            verify_re_latex(rst, latex_expected)
+    return verify_re_
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def verify(verify_re_html, verify_re_latex):
+    def verify_(rst, html_expected, latex_expected):
+        if html_expected:
+            verify_re_html(rst, re.escape(html_expected) + '$')
+        if latex_expected:
+            verify_re_latex(rst, re.escape(latex_expected) + '$')
+    return verify_
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def get_verifier(verify, verify_re):
+    v = {
+        'verify': verify,
+        'verify_re': verify_re,
+    }
+
+    def get(name):
+        return v[name]
+    return get
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('type', 'rst', 'html_expected', 'latex_expected'), [
+    (
+        # pep role
+        'verify',
+        ':pep:`8`',
+        ('<p><span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="pep reference external" '
+         'href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0008/"><strong>PEP 8</strong></a></p>'),
+        ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+         '\\index{Python Enhancement Proposals@\\spxentry{Python Enhancement Proposals}'
+         '!PEP 8@\\spxentry{PEP 8}}\\sphinxhref{https://peps.python.org/pep-0008/}'
+         '{\\sphinxstylestrong{PEP 8}}'),
+    ),
+    (
+        # pep role with anchor
+        'verify',
+        ':pep:`8#id1`',
+        ('<p><span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="pep reference external" '
+         'href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0008/#id1">'
+         '<strong>PEP 8#id1</strong></a></p>'),
+        ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+         '\\index{Python Enhancement Proposals@\\spxentry{Python Enhancement Proposals}'
+         '!PEP 8\\#id1@\\spxentry{PEP 8\\#id1}}\\sphinxhref'
+         '{https://peps.python.org/pep-0008/\\#id1}'
+         '{\\sphinxstylestrong{PEP 8\\#id1}}'),
+    ),
+    (
+        # rfc role
+        'verify',
+        ':rfc:`2324`',
+        ('<p><span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="rfc reference external" '
+         'href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2324.html"><strong>RFC 2324</strong></a></p>'),
+        ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+         '\\index{RFC@\\spxentry{RFC}!RFC 2324@\\spxentry{RFC 2324}}'
+         '\\sphinxhref{https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2324.html}'
+         '{\\sphinxstylestrong{RFC 2324}}'),
+    ),
+    (
+        # rfc role with anchor
+        'verify',
+        ':rfc:`2324#id1`',
+        ('<p><span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="rfc reference external" '
+         'href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2324.html#id1">'
+         '<strong>RFC 2324#id1</strong></a></p>'),
+        ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+         '\\index{RFC@\\spxentry{RFC}!RFC 2324\\#id1@\\spxentry{RFC 2324\\#id1}}'
+         '\\sphinxhref{https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2324.html\\#id1}'
+         '{\\sphinxstylestrong{RFC 2324\\#id1}}'),
+    ),
+    (
+        # correct interpretation of code with whitespace
+        'verify_re',
+        '``code   sample``',
+        ('<p><code class="(samp )?docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'
+         'code</span>&#160;&#160; <span class="pre">sample</span></code></p>'),
+        r'\\sphinxAtStartPar\n\\sphinxcode{\\sphinxupquote{code   sample}}',
+    ),
+    (
+        # interpolation of arrows in menuselection
+        'verify',
+        ':menuselection:`a --> b`',
+        ('<p><span class="menuselection">a \N{TRIANGULAR BULLET} b</span></p>'),
+        '\\sphinxAtStartPar\n\\sphinxmenuselection{a \\(\\rightarrow\\) b}',
+    ),
+    (
+        # interpolation of ampersands in menuselection
+        'verify',
+        ':menuselection:`&Foo -&&- &Bar`',
+        ('<p><span class="menuselection"><span class="accelerator">F</span>oo '
+         '-&amp;- <span class="accelerator">B</span>ar</span></p>'),
+        ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+         r'\sphinxmenuselection{\sphinxaccelerator{F}oo \sphinxhyphen{}'
+         r'\&\sphinxhyphen{} \sphinxaccelerator{B}ar}'),
+    ),
+    (
+        # interpolation of ampersands in guilabel
+        'verify',
+        ':guilabel:`&Foo -&&- &Bar`',
+        ('<p><span class="guilabel"><span class="accelerator">F</span>oo '
+         '-&amp;- <span class="accelerator">B</span>ar</span></p>'),
+        ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+         r'\sphinxguilabel{\sphinxaccelerator{F}oo \sphinxhyphen{}\&\sphinxhyphen{} \sphinxaccelerator{B}ar}'),
+    ),
+    (
+        # no ampersands in guilabel
+        'verify',
+        ':guilabel:`Foo`',
+        '<p><span class="guilabel">Foo</span></p>',
+        '\\sphinxAtStartPar\n\\sphinxguilabel{Foo}',
+    ),
+    (
+        # kbd role
+        'verify',
+        ':kbd:`space`',
+        '<p><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">space</kbd></p>',
+        '\\sphinxAtStartPar\n\\sphinxkeyboard{\\sphinxupquote{space}}',
+    ),
+    (
+        # kbd role
+        'verify',
+        ':kbd:`Control+X`',
+        ('<p><kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate">'
+         '<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Control</kbd>'
+         '+'
+         '<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">X</kbd>'
+         '</kbd></p>'),
+        '\\sphinxAtStartPar\n\\sphinxkeyboard{\\sphinxupquote{Control+X}}',
+    ),
+    (
+        # kbd role
+        'verify',
+        ':kbd:`Alt+^`',
+        ('<p><kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate">'
+         '<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Alt</kbd>'
+         '+'
+         '<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">^</kbd>'
+         '</kbd></p>'),
+        ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+         '\\sphinxkeyboard{\\sphinxupquote{Alt+\\textasciicircum{}}}'),
+    ),
+    (
+        # kbd role
+        'verify',
+        ':kbd:`M-x  M-s`',
+        ('<p><kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate">'
+         '<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">M</kbd>'
+         '-'
+         '<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">x</kbd>'
+         '  '
+         '<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">M</kbd>'
+         '-'
+         '<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">s</kbd>'
+         '</kbd></p>'),
+        ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+         '\\sphinxkeyboard{\\sphinxupquote{M\\sphinxhyphen{}x  M\\sphinxhyphen{}s}}'),
+    ),
+    (
+        # kbd role
+        'verify',
+        ':kbd:`-`',
+        '<p><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">-</kbd></p>',
+        ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+         '\\sphinxkeyboard{\\sphinxupquote{\\sphinxhyphen{}}}'),
+    ),
+    (
+        # kbd role
+        'verify',
+        ':kbd:`Caps Lock`',
+        '<p><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Caps Lock</kbd></p>',
+        ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+         '\\sphinxkeyboard{\\sphinxupquote{Caps Lock}}'),
+    ),
+    (
+        # kbd role
+        'verify',
+        ':kbd:`sys   rq`',
+        '<p><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">sys   rq</kbd></p>',
+        ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+         '\\sphinxkeyboard{\\sphinxupquote{sys   rq}}'),
+    ),
+    (
+        # non-interpolation of dashes in option role
+        'verify_re',
+        ':option:`--with-option`',
+        ('<p><code( class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate")?>'
+         '<span class="pre">--with-option</span></code></p>$'),
+        (r'\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+         r'\\sphinxcode{\\sphinxupquote{\\sphinxhyphen{}\\sphinxhyphen{}with\\sphinxhyphen{}option}}$'),
+    ),
+    (
+        # verify smarty-pants quotes
+        'verify',
+        '"John"',
+        '<p>“John”</p>',
+        "\\sphinxAtStartPar\n“John”",
+    ),
+    (
+        # ... but not in literal text
+        'verify',
+        '``"John"``',
+        ('<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'
+         '&quot;John&quot;</span></code></p>'),
+        '\\sphinxAtStartPar\n\\sphinxcode{\\sphinxupquote{"John"}}',
+    ),
+    (
+        # verify classes for inline roles
+        'verify',
+        ':manpage:`mp(1)`',
+        '<p><em class="manpage">mp(1)</em></p>',
+        '\\sphinxAtStartPar\n\\sphinxstyleliteralemphasis{\\sphinxupquote{mp(1)}}',
+    ),
+    (
+        # correct escaping in normal mode
+        'verify',
+        'Γ\\\\∞$',
+        None,
+        '\\sphinxAtStartPar\nΓ\\textbackslash{}\\(\\infty\\)\\$',
+    ),
+    (
+        # in verbatim code fragments
+        'verify',
+        '::\n\n @Γ\\∞${}',
+        None,
+        ('\\begin{sphinxVerbatim}[commandchars=\\\\\\{\\}]\n'
+         '@Γ\\PYGZbs{}\\(\\infty\\)\\PYGZdl{}\\PYGZob{}\\PYGZcb{}\n'
+         '\\end{sphinxVerbatim}'),
+    ),
+    (
+        # in URIs
+        'verify_re',
+        '`test <https://www.google.com/~me/>`_',
+        None,
+        r'\\sphinxAtStartPar\n\\sphinxhref{https://www.google.com/~me/}{test}.*',
+    ),
+    (
+        # description list: simple
+        'verify',
+        'term\n    description',
+        '<dl class="simple">\n<dt>term</dt><dd><p>description</p>\n</dd>\n</dl>',
+        None,
+    ),
+    (
+        # description list: with classifiers
+        'verify',
+        'term : class1 : class2\n    description',
+        ('<dl class="simple">\n<dt>term<span class="classifier">class1</span>'
+         '<span class="classifier">class2</span></dt><dd><p>description</p>\n</dd>\n</dl>'),
+        None,
+    ),
+    (
+        # glossary (description list): multiple terms
+        'verify',
+        '.. glossary::\n\n   term1\n   term2\n       description',
+        ('<dl class="simple glossary">\n'
+         '<dt id="term-term1">term1<a class="headerlink" href="#term-term1"'
+         ' title="Link to this term">¶</a></dt>'
+         '<dt id="term-term2">term2<a class="headerlink" href="#term-term2"'
+         ' title="Link to this term">¶</a></dt>'
+         '<dd><p>description</p>\n</dd>\n</dl>'),
+        None,
+    ),
+])
+def test_inline(get_verifier, type, rst, html_expected, latex_expected):
+    verifier = get_verifier(type)
+    verifier(rst, html_expected, latex_expected)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('type', 'rst', 'html_expected', 'latex_expected'), [
+    (
+        'verify',
+        r'4 backslashes \\\\',
+        r'<p>4 backslashes \\</p>',
+        None,
+    ),
+])
+def test_inline_docutils16(get_verifier, type, rst, html_expected, latex_expected):
+    verifier = get_verifier(type)
+    verifier(rst, html_expected, latex_expected)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(confoverrides={'latex_engine': 'xelatex'})
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('type', 'rst', 'html_expected', 'latex_expected'), [
+    (
+        # in verbatim code fragments
+        'verify',
+        '::\n\n @Γ\\∞${}',
+        None,
+        ('\\begin{sphinxVerbatim}[commandchars=\\\\\\{\\}]\n'
+         '@Γ\\PYGZbs{}∞\\PYGZdl{}\\PYGZob{}\\PYGZcb{}\n'
+         '\\end{sphinxVerbatim}'),
+    ),
+])
+def test_inline_for_unicode_latex_engine(get_verifier, type, rst,
+                                         html_expected, latex_expected):
+    verifier = get_verifier(type)
+    verifier(rst, html_expected, latex_expected)
+
+
+def test_samp_role(parse):
+    # no braces
+    text = ':samp:`a{b}c`'
+    doctree = parse(text)
+    assert_node(doctree[0], [nodes.paragraph, nodes.literal, ("a",
+                                                              [nodes.emphasis, "b"],
+                                                              "c")])
+    # nested braces
+    text = ':samp:`a{{b}}c`'
+    doctree = parse(text)
+    assert_node(doctree[0], [nodes.paragraph, nodes.literal, ("a",
+                                                              [nodes.emphasis, "{b"],
+                                                              "}c")])
+
+    # half-opened braces
+    text = ':samp:`a{bc`'
+    doctree = parse(text)
+    assert_node(doctree[0], [nodes.paragraph, nodes.literal, "a{bc"])
+
+    # escaped braces
+    text = ':samp:`a\\\\{b}c`'
+    doctree = parse(text)
+    assert_node(doctree[0], [nodes.paragraph, nodes.literal, "a{b}c"])
+
+    # no braces (whitespaces are keeped as is)
+    text = ':samp:`code   sample`'
+    doctree = parse(text)
+    assert_node(doctree[0], [nodes.paragraph, nodes.literal, "code   sample"])
+
+
+def test_download_role(parse):
+    # implicit
+    text = ':download:`sphinx.rst`'
+    doctree = parse(text)
+    assert_node(doctree[0], [nodes.paragraph, addnodes.download_reference,
+                             nodes.literal, "sphinx.rst"])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0], refdoc='dummy', refdomain='', reftype='download',
+                refexplicit=False, reftarget='sphinx.rst', refwarn=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0][0], classes=['xref', 'download'])
+
+    # explicit
+    text = ':download:`reftitle <sphinx.rst>`'
+    doctree = parse(text)
+    assert_node(doctree[0], [nodes.paragraph, addnodes.download_reference,
+                             nodes.literal, "reftitle"])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0], refdoc='dummy', refdomain='', reftype='download',
+                refexplicit=True, reftarget='sphinx.rst', refwarn=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0][0], classes=['xref', 'download'])
+
+
+def test_XRefRole(inliner):
+    role = XRefRole()
+
+    # implicit
+    doctrees, errors = role('ref', 'rawtext', 'text', 5, inliner, {}, [])
+    assert len(doctrees) == 1
+    assert_node(doctrees[0], [addnodes.pending_xref, nodes.literal, 'text'])
+    assert_node(doctrees[0], refdoc='dummy', refdomain='', reftype='ref', reftarget='text',
+                refexplicit=False, refwarn=False)
+    assert errors == []
+
+    # explicit
+    doctrees, errors = role('ref', 'rawtext', 'title <target>', 5, inliner, {}, [])
+    assert_node(doctrees[0], [addnodes.pending_xref, nodes.literal, 'title'])
+    assert_node(doctrees[0], refdoc='dummy', refdomain='', reftype='ref', reftarget='target',
+                refexplicit=True, refwarn=False)
+
+    # bang
+    doctrees, errors = role('ref', 'rawtext', '!title <target>', 5, inliner, {}, [])
+    assert_node(doctrees[0], [nodes.literal, 'title <target>'])
+
+    # refdomain
+    doctrees, errors = role('test:doc', 'rawtext', 'text', 5, inliner, {}, [])
+    assert_node(doctrees[0], [addnodes.pending_xref, nodes.literal, 'text'])
+    assert_node(doctrees[0], refdoc='dummy', refdomain='test', reftype='doc', reftarget='text',
+                refexplicit=False, refwarn=False)
+
+    # fix_parens
+    role = XRefRole(fix_parens=True)
+    doctrees, errors = role('ref', 'rawtext', 'text()', 5, inliner, {}, [])
+    assert_node(doctrees[0], [addnodes.pending_xref, nodes.literal, 'text()'])
+    assert_node(doctrees[0], refdoc='dummy', refdomain='', reftype='ref', reftarget='text',
+                refexplicit=False, refwarn=False)
+
+    # lowercase
+    role = XRefRole(lowercase=True)
+    doctrees, errors = role('ref', 'rawtext', 'TEXT', 5, inliner, {}, [])
+    assert_node(doctrees[0], [addnodes.pending_xref, nodes.literal, 'TEXT'])
+    assert_node(doctrees[0], refdoc='dummy', refdomain='', reftype='ref', reftarget='text',
+                refexplicit=False, refwarn=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='prolog')
+def test_rst_prolog(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    rst = app.env.get_doctree('restructuredtext')
+    md = app.env.get_doctree('markdown')
+
+    # rst_prolog
+    assert_node(rst[0], nodes.paragraph)
+    assert_node(rst[0][0], nodes.emphasis)
+    assert_node(rst[0][0][0], nodes.Text)
+    assert rst[0][0][0] == 'Hello world'
+
+    # rst_epilog
+    assert_node(rst[-1], nodes.section)
+    assert_node(rst[-1][-1], nodes.paragraph)
+    assert_node(rst[-1][-1][0], nodes.emphasis)
+    assert_node(rst[-1][-1][0][0], nodes.Text)
+    assert rst[-1][-1][0][0] == 'Good-bye world'
+
+    # rst_prolog & rst_epilog on exlucding reST parser
+    assert not md.rawsource.startswith('*Hello world*.')
+    assert not md.rawsource.endswith('*Good-bye world*.\n')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='keep_warnings')
+def test_keep_warnings_is_True(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('index')
+    assert_node(doctree[0], nodes.section)
+    assert len(doctree[0]) == 2
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1], nodes.system_message)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='keep_warnings',
+                    confoverrides={'keep_warnings': False})
+def test_keep_warnings_is_False(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('index')
+    assert_node(doctree[0], nodes.section)
+    assert len(doctree[0]) == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='refonly_bullet_list')
+def test_compact_refonly_bullet_list(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('index')
+    assert_node(doctree[0], nodes.section)
+    assert len(doctree[0]) == 5
+
+    assert doctree[0][1].astext() == 'List A:'
+    assert_node(doctree[0][2], nodes.bullet_list)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][2][0][0], addnodes.compact_paragraph)
+    assert doctree[0][2][0][0].astext() == 'genindex'
+
+    assert doctree[0][3].astext() == 'List B:'
+    assert_node(doctree[0][4], nodes.bullet_list)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][4][0][0], nodes.paragraph)
+    assert doctree[0][4][0][0].astext() == 'Hello'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='default_role')
+def test_default_role1(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    # default-role: pep
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('index')
+    assert_node(doctree[0], nodes.section)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1], nodes.paragraph)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1][0], addnodes.index)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1][1], nodes.target)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1][2], nodes.reference, classes=["pep"])
+
+    # no default-role
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('foo')
+    assert_node(doctree[0], nodes.section)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1], nodes.paragraph)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1][0], nodes.title_reference)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1][1], nodes.Text)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='default_role',
+                    confoverrides={'default_role': 'guilabel'})
+def test_default_role2(app, status, warning):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+
+    # default-role directive is stronger than configratuion
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('index')
+    assert_node(doctree[0], nodes.section)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1], nodes.paragraph)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1][0], addnodes.index)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1][1], nodes.target)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1][2], nodes.reference, classes=["pep"])
+
+    # default_role changes the default behavior
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('foo')
+    assert_node(doctree[0], nodes.section)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1], nodes.paragraph)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1][0], nodes.inline, classes=["guilabel"])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1][1], nodes.Text)
diff --git a/tests/test_markup/test_metadata.py b/tests/test_markup/test_metadata.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f31997
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_markup/test_metadata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+"""Test our handling of metadata in files with bibliographic metadata."""
+
+# adapted from an example of bibliographic metadata at
+# https://docutils.sourceforge.io/docs/user/rst/demo.txt
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='metadata')
+def test_docinfo(app, status, warning):
+    """
+    Inspect the 'docinfo' metadata stored in the first node of the document.
+    Note this doesn't give us access to data stored in subsequence blocks
+    that might be considered document metadata, such as 'abstract' or
+    'dedication' blocks, or the 'meta' role. Doing otherwise is probably more
+    messing with the internals of sphinx than this rare use case merits.
+    """
+    app.build()
+    expecteddocinfo = {
+        'author': 'David Goodger',
+        'authors': ['Me', 'Myself', 'I'],
+        'address': '123 Example Street\nExample, EX  Canada\nA1B 2C3',
+        'field name': 'This is a generic bibliographic field.',
+        'field name 2': ('Generic bibliographic fields may contain multiple '
+                         'body elements.\n\nLike this.'),
+        'status': 'This is a “work in progress”',
+        'version': '1',
+        'copyright': ('This document has been placed in the public domain. '
+                      'You\nmay do with it as you wish. You may copy, modify,'
+                      '\nredistribute, reattribute, sell, buy, rent, lease,\n'
+                      'destroy, or improve it, quote it at length, excerpt,\n'
+                      'incorporate, collate, fold, staple, or mutilate it, or '
+                      'do\nanything else to it that your or anyone else’s '
+                      'heart\ndesires.'),
+        'contact': 'goodger@python.org',
+        'date': '2006-05-21',
+        'organization': 'humankind',
+        'revision': '4564',
+        'tocdepth': 1,
+        'orphan': '',
+        'nocomments': '',
+    }
+    assert app.env.metadata['index'] == expecteddocinfo
diff --git a/tests/test_markup/test_parser.py b/tests/test_markup/test_parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86163c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_markup/test_parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+"""Tests parsers module."""
+
+from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.parsers import RSTParser
+from sphinx.util.docutils import new_document
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='basic')
+@patch('docutils.parsers.rst.states.RSTStateMachine')
+def test_RSTParser_prolog_epilog(RSTStateMachine, app):
+    document = new_document('dummy.rst')
+    document.settings = Mock(tab_width=8, language_code='')
+    parser = RSTParser()
+    parser.set_application(app)
+
+    # normal case
+    text = ('hello Sphinx world\n'
+            'Sphinx is a document generator')
+    parser.parse(text, document)
+    (content, _), _ = RSTStateMachine().run.call_args
+
+    assert list(content.xitems()) == [('dummy.rst', 0, 'hello Sphinx world'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 1, 'Sphinx is a document generator')]
+
+    # with rst_prolog
+    app.env.config.rst_prolog = 'this is rst_prolog\nhello reST!'
+    parser.parse(text, document)
+    (content, _), _ = RSTStateMachine().run.call_args
+    assert list(content.xitems()) == [('<rst_prolog>', 0, 'this is rst_prolog'),
+                                      ('<rst_prolog>', 1, 'hello reST!'),
+                                      ('<generated>', 0, ''),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 0, 'hello Sphinx world'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 1, 'Sphinx is a document generator')]
+
+    # with rst_epilog
+    app.env.config.rst_prolog = None
+    app.env.config.rst_epilog = 'this is rst_epilog\ngood-bye reST!'
+    parser.parse(text, document)
+    (content, _), _ = RSTStateMachine().run.call_args
+    assert list(content.xitems()) == [('dummy.rst', 0, 'hello Sphinx world'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 1, 'Sphinx is a document generator'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 2, ''),
+                                      ('<rst_epilog>', 0, 'this is rst_epilog'),
+                                      ('<rst_epilog>', 1, 'good-bye reST!')]
+
+    # expandtabs / convert whitespaces
+    app.env.config.rst_prolog = None
+    app.env.config.rst_epilog = None
+    text = ('\thello Sphinx world\n'
+            '\v\fSphinx is a document generator')
+    parser.parse(text, document)
+    (content, _), _ = RSTStateMachine().run.call_args
+    assert list(content.xitems()) == [('dummy.rst', 0, '        hello Sphinx world'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 1, '  Sphinx is a document generator')]
diff --git a/tests/test_markup/test_smartquotes.py b/tests/test_markup/test_smartquotes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c84386
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_markup/test_smartquotes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+"""Test smart quotes."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.testing.util import etree_parse
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='html', testroot='smartquotes', freshenv=True)
+def test_basic(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<p>– “Sphinx” is a tool that makes it easy …</p>' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='html', testroot='smartquotes', freshenv=True)
+def test_literals(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    etree = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'literals.html')
+    for code_element in etree.iter('code'):
+        code_text = ''.join(code_element.itertext())
+
+        if code_text.startswith('code role'):
+            assert "'quotes'" in code_text
+        elif code_text.startswith('{'):
+            assert code_text == "{'code': 'role', 'with': 'quotes'}"
+        elif code_text.startswith('literal'):
+            assert code_text == "literal with 'quotes'"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='text', testroot='smartquotes', freshenv=True)
+def test_text_builder(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '-- "Sphinx" is a tool that makes it easy ...' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='man', testroot='smartquotes', freshenv=True)
+def test_man_builder(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'python.1').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert r'\-\- \(dqSphinx\(dq is a tool that makes it easy ...' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='latex', testroot='smartquotes', freshenv=True)
+def test_latex_builder(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '\\textendash{} “Sphinx” is a tool that makes it easy …' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='html', testroot='smartquotes', freshenv=True,
+                    confoverrides={'language': 'ja'})
+def test_ja_html_builder(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<p>-- &quot;Sphinx&quot; is a tool that makes it easy ...</p>' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='html', testroot='smartquotes', freshenv=True,
+                    confoverrides={'smartquotes': False})
+def test_smartquotes_disabled(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<p>-- &quot;Sphinx&quot; is a tool that makes it easy ...</p>' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='html', testroot='smartquotes', freshenv=True,
+                    confoverrides={'smartquotes_action': 'q'})
+def test_smartquotes_action(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<p>-- “Sphinx” is a tool that makes it easy ...</p>' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='html', testroot='smartquotes', freshenv=True,
+                    confoverrides={'language': 'ja', 'smartquotes_excludes': {}})
+def test_smartquotes_excludes_language(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<p>– 「Sphinx」 is a tool that makes it easy …</p>' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='man', testroot='smartquotes', freshenv=True,
+                    confoverrides={'smartquotes_excludes': {}})
+def test_smartquotes_excludes_builders(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'python.1').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '– “Sphinx” is a tool that makes it easy …' in content
diff --git a/tests/test_metadata.py b/tests/test_metadata.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 7f31997..0000000
--- a/tests/test_metadata.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-"""Test our handling of metadata in files with bibliographic metadata."""
-
-# adapted from an example of bibliographic metadata at
-# https://docutils.sourceforge.io/docs/user/rst/demo.txt
-
-import pytest
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='metadata')
-def test_docinfo(app, status, warning):
-    """
-    Inspect the 'docinfo' metadata stored in the first node of the document.
-    Note this doesn't give us access to data stored in subsequence blocks
-    that might be considered document metadata, such as 'abstract' or
-    'dedication' blocks, or the 'meta' role. Doing otherwise is probably more
-    messing with the internals of sphinx than this rare use case merits.
-    """
-    app.build()
-    expecteddocinfo = {
-        'author': 'David Goodger',
-        'authors': ['Me', 'Myself', 'I'],
-        'address': '123 Example Street\nExample, EX  Canada\nA1B 2C3',
-        'field name': 'This is a generic bibliographic field.',
-        'field name 2': ('Generic bibliographic fields may contain multiple '
-                         'body elements.\n\nLike this.'),
-        'status': 'This is a “work in progress”',
-        'version': '1',
-        'copyright': ('This document has been placed in the public domain. '
-                      'You\nmay do with it as you wish. You may copy, modify,'
-                      '\nredistribute, reattribute, sell, buy, rent, lease,\n'
-                      'destroy, or improve it, quote it at length, excerpt,\n'
-                      'incorporate, collate, fold, staple, or mutilate it, or '
-                      'do\nanything else to it that your or anyone else’s '
-                      'heart\ndesires.'),
-        'contact': 'goodger@python.org',
-        'date': '2006-05-21',
-        'organization': 'humankind',
-        'revision': '4564',
-        'tocdepth': 1,
-        'orphan': '',
-        'nocomments': '',
-    }
-    assert app.env.metadata['index'] == expecteddocinfo
diff --git a/tests/test_parser.py b/tests/test_parser.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 86163c6..0000000
--- a/tests/test_parser.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests parsers module."""
-
-from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
-
-import pytest
-
-from sphinx.parsers import RSTParser
-from sphinx.util.docutils import new_document
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='basic')
-@patch('docutils.parsers.rst.states.RSTStateMachine')
-def test_RSTParser_prolog_epilog(RSTStateMachine, app):
-    document = new_document('dummy.rst')
-    document.settings = Mock(tab_width=8, language_code='')
-    parser = RSTParser()
-    parser.set_application(app)
-
-    # normal case
-    text = ('hello Sphinx world\n'
-            'Sphinx is a document generator')
-    parser.parse(text, document)
-    (content, _), _ = RSTStateMachine().run.call_args
-
-    assert list(content.xitems()) == [('dummy.rst', 0, 'hello Sphinx world'),
-                                      ('dummy.rst', 1, 'Sphinx is a document generator')]
-
-    # with rst_prolog
-    app.env.config.rst_prolog = 'this is rst_prolog\nhello reST!'
-    parser.parse(text, document)
-    (content, _), _ = RSTStateMachine().run.call_args
-    assert list(content.xitems()) == [('<rst_prolog>', 0, 'this is rst_prolog'),
-                                      ('<rst_prolog>', 1, 'hello reST!'),
-                                      ('<generated>', 0, ''),
-                                      ('dummy.rst', 0, 'hello Sphinx world'),
-                                      ('dummy.rst', 1, 'Sphinx is a document generator')]
-
-    # with rst_epilog
-    app.env.config.rst_prolog = None
-    app.env.config.rst_epilog = 'this is rst_epilog\ngood-bye reST!'
-    parser.parse(text, document)
-    (content, _), _ = RSTStateMachine().run.call_args
-    assert list(content.xitems()) == [('dummy.rst', 0, 'hello Sphinx world'),
-                                      ('dummy.rst', 1, 'Sphinx is a document generator'),
-                                      ('dummy.rst', 2, ''),
-                                      ('<rst_epilog>', 0, 'this is rst_epilog'),
-                                      ('<rst_epilog>', 1, 'good-bye reST!')]
-
-    # expandtabs / convert whitespaces
-    app.env.config.rst_prolog = None
-    app.env.config.rst_epilog = None
-    text = ('\thello Sphinx world\n'
-            '\v\fSphinx is a document generator')
-    parser.parse(text, document)
-    (content, _), _ = RSTStateMachine().run.call_args
-    assert list(content.xitems()) == [('dummy.rst', 0, '        hello Sphinx world'),
-                                      ('dummy.rst', 1, '  Sphinx is a document generator')]
diff --git a/tests/test_pycode.py b/tests/test_pycode.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 5739787..0000000
--- a/tests/test_pycode.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,173 +0,0 @@
-"""Test pycode."""
-
-import os
-import sys
-
-import pytest
-
-import sphinx
-from sphinx.errors import PycodeError
-from sphinx.pycode import ModuleAnalyzer
-
-SPHINX_MODULE_PATH = os.path.splitext(sphinx.__file__)[0] + '.py'
-
-
-def test_ModuleAnalyzer_get_module_source():
-    assert ModuleAnalyzer.get_module_source('sphinx') == (sphinx.__file__, sphinx.__loader__.get_source('sphinx'))
-
-    # failed to obtain source information from builtin modules
-    with pytest.raises(PycodeError):
-        ModuleAnalyzer.get_module_source('builtins')
-    with pytest.raises(PycodeError):
-        ModuleAnalyzer.get_module_source('itertools')
-
-
-def test_ModuleAnalyzer_for_string():
-    analyzer = ModuleAnalyzer.for_string('print("Hello world")', 'module_name')
-    assert analyzer.modname == 'module_name'
-    assert analyzer.srcname == '<string>'
-
-
-def test_ModuleAnalyzer_for_file():
-    analyzer = ModuleAnalyzer.for_string(SPHINX_MODULE_PATH, 'sphinx')
-    assert analyzer.modname == 'sphinx'
-    assert analyzer.srcname == '<string>'
-
-
-def test_ModuleAnalyzer_for_module(rootdir):
-    analyzer = ModuleAnalyzer.for_module('sphinx')
-    assert analyzer.modname == 'sphinx'
-    assert analyzer.srcname in (SPHINX_MODULE_PATH,
-                                os.path.abspath(SPHINX_MODULE_PATH))
-
-    path = str(rootdir / 'test-pycode')
-    sys.path.insert(0, path)
-    try:
-        analyzer = ModuleAnalyzer.for_module('cp_1251_coded')
-        docs = analyzer.find_attr_docs()
-        assert docs == {('', 'X'): ['It MUST look like X="\u0425"', '']}
-    finally:
-        sys.path.pop(0)
-
-
-def test_ModuleAnalyzer_find_tags():
-    code = ('class Foo(object):\n'  # line: 1
-            '    """class Foo!"""\n'
-            '    def __init__(self):\n'
-            '       pass\n'
-            '\n'
-            '    def bar(self, arg1, arg2=True, *args, **kwargs):\n'
-            '       """method Foo.bar"""\n'
-            '       pass\n'
-            '\n'
-            '    class Baz(object):\n'
-            '       def __init__(self):\n'  # line: 11
-            '           pass\n'
-            '\n'
-            'def qux():\n'
-            '   """function baz"""\n'
-            '   pass\n'
-            '\n'
-            '@decorator1\n'
-            '@decorator2\n'
-            'def quux():\n'
-            '   pass\n'  # line: 21
-            '\n'
-            'class Corge(object):\n'
-            '    @decorator1\n'
-            '    @decorator2\n'
-            '    def grault(self):\n'
-            '        pass\n')
-    analyzer = ModuleAnalyzer.for_string(code, 'module')
-    tags = analyzer.find_tags()
-    assert set(tags.keys()) == {'Foo', 'Foo.__init__', 'Foo.bar',
-                                'Foo.Baz', 'Foo.Baz.__init__', 'qux', 'quux',
-                                'Corge', 'Corge.grault'}
-    assert tags['Foo'] == ('class', 1, 12)  # type, start, end
-    assert tags['Foo.__init__'] == ('def', 3, 4)
-    assert tags['Foo.bar'] == ('def', 6, 8)
-    assert tags['Foo.Baz'] == ('class', 10, 12)
-    assert tags['Foo.Baz.__init__'] == ('def', 11, 12)
-    assert tags['qux'] == ('def', 14, 16)
-    assert tags['quux'] == ('def', 18, 21)
-    assert tags['Corge'] == ('class', 23, 27)
-    assert tags['Corge.grault'] == ('def', 24, 27)
-
-
-def test_ModuleAnalyzer_find_attr_docs():
-    code = ('class Foo(object):\n'
-            '    """class Foo!"""\n'
-            '    #: comment before attr1\n'
-            '    attr1 = None\n'
-            '    attr2 = None  # attribute comment for attr2 (without colon)\n'
-            '    attr3 = None  #: attribute comment for attr3\n'
-            '    attr4 = None  #: long attribute comment\n'
-            '                  #: for attr4\n'
-            '    #: comment before attr5\n'
-            '    attr5 = None  #: attribute comment for attr5\n'
-            '    attr6, attr7 = 1, 2  #: this comment is ignored\n'
-            '\n'
-            '    def __init__(self):\n'
-            '       self.attr8 = None  #: first attribute comment (ignored)\n'
-            '       self.attr8 = None  #: attribute comment for attr8\n'
-            '       #: comment before attr9\n'
-            '       self.attr9 = None  #: comment after attr9\n'
-            '       "string after attr9"\n'
-            '\n'
-            '    def bar(self, arg1, arg2=True, *args, **kwargs):\n'
-            '       """method Foo.bar"""\n'
-            '       pass\n'
-            '\n'
-            'def baz():\n'
-            '   """function baz"""\n'
-            '   pass\n'
-            '\n'
-            'class Qux: attr1 = 1; attr2 = 2')
-    analyzer = ModuleAnalyzer.for_string(code, 'module')
-    docs = analyzer.find_attr_docs()
-    assert set(docs) == {('Foo', 'attr1'),
-                         ('Foo', 'attr3'),
-                         ('Foo', 'attr4'),
-                         ('Foo', 'attr5'),
-                         ('Foo', 'attr6'),
-                         ('Foo', 'attr7'),
-                         ('Foo', 'attr8'),
-                         ('Foo', 'attr9')}
-    assert docs[('Foo', 'attr1')] == ['comment before attr1', '']
-    assert docs[('Foo', 'attr3')] == ['attribute comment for attr3', '']
-    assert docs[('Foo', 'attr4')] == ['long attribute comment', '']
-    assert docs[('Foo', 'attr4')] == ['long attribute comment', '']
-    assert docs[('Foo', 'attr5')] == ['attribute comment for attr5', '']
-    assert docs[('Foo', 'attr6')] == ['this comment is ignored', '']
-    assert docs[('Foo', 'attr7')] == ['this comment is ignored', '']
-    assert docs[('Foo', 'attr8')] == ['attribute comment for attr8', '']
-    assert docs[('Foo', 'attr9')] == ['string after attr9', '']
-    assert analyzer.tagorder == {'Foo': 0,
-                                 'Foo.__init__': 8,
-                                 'Foo.attr1': 1,
-                                 'Foo.attr2': 2,
-                                 'Foo.attr3': 3,
-                                 'Foo.attr4': 4,
-                                 'Foo.attr5': 5,
-                                 'Foo.attr6': 6,
-                                 'Foo.attr7': 7,
-                                 'Foo.attr8': 10,
-                                 'Foo.attr9': 12,
-                                 'Foo.bar': 13,
-                                 'baz': 14,
-                                 'Qux': 15,
-                                 'Qux.attr1': 16,
-                                 'Qux.attr2': 17}
-
-
-def test_ModuleAnalyzer_find_attr_docs_for_posonlyargs_method():
-    code = ('class Foo(object):\n'
-            '    def __init__(self, /):\n'
-            '       self.attr = None  #: attribute comment\n')
-    analyzer = ModuleAnalyzer.for_string(code, 'module')
-    docs = analyzer.find_attr_docs()
-    assert set(docs) == {('Foo', 'attr')}
-    assert docs[('Foo', 'attr')] == ['attribute comment', '']
-    assert analyzer.tagorder == {'Foo': 0,
-                                 'Foo.__init__': 1,
-                                 'Foo.attr': 2}
diff --git a/tests/test_pycode/__init__.py b/tests/test_pycode/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/tests/test_pycode/test_pycode.py b/tests/test_pycode/test_pycode.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5739787
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_pycode/test_pycode.py
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+"""Test pycode."""
+
+import os
+import sys
+
+import pytest
+
+import sphinx
+from sphinx.errors import PycodeError
+from sphinx.pycode import ModuleAnalyzer
+
+SPHINX_MODULE_PATH = os.path.splitext(sphinx.__file__)[0] + '.py'
+
+
+def test_ModuleAnalyzer_get_module_source():
+    assert ModuleAnalyzer.get_module_source('sphinx') == (sphinx.__file__, sphinx.__loader__.get_source('sphinx'))
+
+    # failed to obtain source information from builtin modules
+    with pytest.raises(PycodeError):
+        ModuleAnalyzer.get_module_source('builtins')
+    with pytest.raises(PycodeError):
+        ModuleAnalyzer.get_module_source('itertools')
+
+
+def test_ModuleAnalyzer_for_string():
+    analyzer = ModuleAnalyzer.for_string('print("Hello world")', 'module_name')
+    assert analyzer.modname == 'module_name'
+    assert analyzer.srcname == '<string>'
+
+
+def test_ModuleAnalyzer_for_file():
+    analyzer = ModuleAnalyzer.for_string(SPHINX_MODULE_PATH, 'sphinx')
+    assert analyzer.modname == 'sphinx'
+    assert analyzer.srcname == '<string>'
+
+
+def test_ModuleAnalyzer_for_module(rootdir):
+    analyzer = ModuleAnalyzer.for_module('sphinx')
+    assert analyzer.modname == 'sphinx'
+    assert analyzer.srcname in (SPHINX_MODULE_PATH,
+                                os.path.abspath(SPHINX_MODULE_PATH))
+
+    path = str(rootdir / 'test-pycode')
+    sys.path.insert(0, path)
+    try:
+        analyzer = ModuleAnalyzer.for_module('cp_1251_coded')
+        docs = analyzer.find_attr_docs()
+        assert docs == {('', 'X'): ['It MUST look like X="\u0425"', '']}
+    finally:
+        sys.path.pop(0)
+
+
+def test_ModuleAnalyzer_find_tags():
+    code = ('class Foo(object):\n'  # line: 1
+            '    """class Foo!"""\n'
+            '    def __init__(self):\n'
+            '       pass\n'
+            '\n'
+            '    def bar(self, arg1, arg2=True, *args, **kwargs):\n'
+            '       """method Foo.bar"""\n'
+            '       pass\n'
+            '\n'
+            '    class Baz(object):\n'
+            '       def __init__(self):\n'  # line: 11
+            '           pass\n'
+            '\n'
+            'def qux():\n'
+            '   """function baz"""\n'
+            '   pass\n'
+            '\n'
+            '@decorator1\n'
+            '@decorator2\n'
+            'def quux():\n'
+            '   pass\n'  # line: 21
+            '\n'
+            'class Corge(object):\n'
+            '    @decorator1\n'
+            '    @decorator2\n'
+            '    def grault(self):\n'
+            '        pass\n')
+    analyzer = ModuleAnalyzer.for_string(code, 'module')
+    tags = analyzer.find_tags()
+    assert set(tags.keys()) == {'Foo', 'Foo.__init__', 'Foo.bar',
+                                'Foo.Baz', 'Foo.Baz.__init__', 'qux', 'quux',
+                                'Corge', 'Corge.grault'}
+    assert tags['Foo'] == ('class', 1, 12)  # type, start, end
+    assert tags['Foo.__init__'] == ('def', 3, 4)
+    assert tags['Foo.bar'] == ('def', 6, 8)
+    assert tags['Foo.Baz'] == ('class', 10, 12)
+    assert tags['Foo.Baz.__init__'] == ('def', 11, 12)
+    assert tags['qux'] == ('def', 14, 16)
+    assert tags['quux'] == ('def', 18, 21)
+    assert tags['Corge'] == ('class', 23, 27)
+    assert tags['Corge.grault'] == ('def', 24, 27)
+
+
+def test_ModuleAnalyzer_find_attr_docs():
+    code = ('class Foo(object):\n'
+            '    """class Foo!"""\n'
+            '    #: comment before attr1\n'
+            '    attr1 = None\n'
+            '    attr2 = None  # attribute comment for attr2 (without colon)\n'
+            '    attr3 = None  #: attribute comment for attr3\n'
+            '    attr4 = None  #: long attribute comment\n'
+            '                  #: for attr4\n'
+            '    #: comment before attr5\n'
+            '    attr5 = None  #: attribute comment for attr5\n'
+            '    attr6, attr7 = 1, 2  #: this comment is ignored\n'
+            '\n'
+            '    def __init__(self):\n'
+            '       self.attr8 = None  #: first attribute comment (ignored)\n'
+            '       self.attr8 = None  #: attribute comment for attr8\n'
+            '       #: comment before attr9\n'
+            '       self.attr9 = None  #: comment after attr9\n'
+            '       "string after attr9"\n'
+            '\n'
+            '    def bar(self, arg1, arg2=True, *args, **kwargs):\n'
+            '       """method Foo.bar"""\n'
+            '       pass\n'
+            '\n'
+            'def baz():\n'
+            '   """function baz"""\n'
+            '   pass\n'
+            '\n'
+            'class Qux: attr1 = 1; attr2 = 2')
+    analyzer = ModuleAnalyzer.for_string(code, 'module')
+    docs = analyzer.find_attr_docs()
+    assert set(docs) == {('Foo', 'attr1'),
+                         ('Foo', 'attr3'),
+                         ('Foo', 'attr4'),
+                         ('Foo', 'attr5'),
+                         ('Foo', 'attr6'),
+                         ('Foo', 'attr7'),
+                         ('Foo', 'attr8'),
+                         ('Foo', 'attr9')}
+    assert docs[('Foo', 'attr1')] == ['comment before attr1', '']
+    assert docs[('Foo', 'attr3')] == ['attribute comment for attr3', '']
+    assert docs[('Foo', 'attr4')] == ['long attribute comment', '']
+    assert docs[('Foo', 'attr4')] == ['long attribute comment', '']
+    assert docs[('Foo', 'attr5')] == ['attribute comment for attr5', '']
+    assert docs[('Foo', 'attr6')] == ['this comment is ignored', '']
+    assert docs[('Foo', 'attr7')] == ['this comment is ignored', '']
+    assert docs[('Foo', 'attr8')] == ['attribute comment for attr8', '']
+    assert docs[('Foo', 'attr9')] == ['string after attr9', '']
+    assert analyzer.tagorder == {'Foo': 0,
+                                 'Foo.__init__': 8,
+                                 'Foo.attr1': 1,
+                                 'Foo.attr2': 2,
+                                 'Foo.attr3': 3,
+                                 'Foo.attr4': 4,
+                                 'Foo.attr5': 5,
+                                 'Foo.attr6': 6,
+                                 'Foo.attr7': 7,
+                                 'Foo.attr8': 10,
+                                 'Foo.attr9': 12,
+                                 'Foo.bar': 13,
+                                 'baz': 14,
+                                 'Qux': 15,
+                                 'Qux.attr1': 16,
+                                 'Qux.attr2': 17}
+
+
+def test_ModuleAnalyzer_find_attr_docs_for_posonlyargs_method():
+    code = ('class Foo(object):\n'
+            '    def __init__(self, /):\n'
+            '       self.attr = None  #: attribute comment\n')
+    analyzer = ModuleAnalyzer.for_string(code, 'module')
+    docs = analyzer.find_attr_docs()
+    assert set(docs) == {('Foo', 'attr')}
+    assert docs[('Foo', 'attr')] == ['attribute comment', '']
+    assert analyzer.tagorder == {'Foo': 0,
+                                 'Foo.__init__': 1,
+                                 'Foo.attr': 2}
diff --git a/tests/test_pycode/test_pycode_ast.py b/tests/test_pycode/test_pycode_ast.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ed43e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_pycode/test_pycode_ast.py
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+"""Test pycode.ast"""
+
+import ast
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.pycode.ast import unparse as ast_unparse
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('source', 'expected'), [
+    ("a + b", "a + b"),                         # Add
+    ("a and b", "a and b"),                     # And
+    ("os.path", "os.path"),                     # Attribute
+    ("1 * 2", "1 * 2"),                         # BinOp
+    ("a & b", "a & b"),                         # BitAnd
+    ("a | b", "a | b"),                         # BitOr
+    ("a ^ b", "a ^ b"),                         # BitXor
+    ("a and b and c", "a and b and c"),         # BoolOp
+    ("b'bytes'", "b'bytes'"),                   # Bytes
+    ("object()", "object()"),                   # Call
+    ("1234", "1234"),                           # Constant, Num
+    ("{'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}",
+     "{'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}"),   # Dict
+    ("a / b", "a / b"),                         # Div
+    ("...", "..."),                             # Ellipsis
+    ("a // b", "a // b"),                       # FloorDiv
+    ("Tuple[int, int]", "Tuple[int, int]"),     # Index, Subscript
+    ("~1", "~1"),                               # Invert
+    ("lambda x, y: x + y",
+     "lambda x, y: ..."),                       # Lambda
+    ("[1, 2, 3]", "[1, 2, 3]"),                 # List
+    ("a << b", "a << b"),                       # LShift
+    ("a @ b", "a @ b"),                         # MatMult
+    ("a % b", "a % b"),                         # Mod
+    ("a * b", "a * b"),                         # Mult
+    ("sys", "sys"),                             # Name, NameConstant
+    ("not a", "not a"),                         # Not
+    ("a or b", "a or b"),                       # Or
+    ("a**b", "a**b"),                           # Pow
+    ("a >> b", "a >> b"),                       # RShift
+    ("{1, 2, 3}", "{1, 2, 3}"),                 # Set
+    ("a - b", "a - b"),                         # Sub
+    ("'str'", "'str'"),                         # Str
+    ("+a", "+a"),                               # UAdd
+    ("-1", "-1"),                               # UnaryOp
+    ("-a", "-a"),                               # USub
+    ("(1, 2, 3)", "(1, 2, 3)"),                 # Tuple
+    ("()", "()"),                               # Tuple (empty)
+    ("(1,)", "(1,)"),                           # Tuple (single item)
+    ("lambda x=0, /, y=1, *args, z, **kwargs: x + y + z",
+     "lambda x=0, /, y=1, *args, z, **kwargs: ..."),  # posonlyargs
+    ("0x1234", "0x1234"),                       # Constant
+    ("1_000_000", "1_000_000"),                 # Constant
+    ("Tuple[:,:]", "Tuple[:, :]"),              # Index, Subscript, 2x Slice
+    ("Tuple[1:2]", "Tuple[1:2]"),               # Index, Subscript, Slice(no-step)
+    ("Tuple[1:2:3]", "Tuple[1:2:3]"),           # Index, Subscript, Slice
+    ("x[:, np.newaxis, :, :]",
+     "x[:, np.newaxis, :, :]"),                 # Index, Subscript, numpy extended syntax
+    ("y[:, 1:3][np.array([0, 2, 4]), :]",
+     "y[:, 1:3][np.array([0, 2, 4]), :]"),       # Index, 2x Subscript, numpy extended syntax
+])
+def test_unparse(source, expected):
+    module = ast.parse(source)
+    assert ast_unparse(module.body[0].value, source) == expected
+
+
+def test_unparse_None():
+    assert ast_unparse(None) is None
diff --git a/tests/test_pycode/test_pycode_parser.py b/tests/test_pycode/test_pycode_parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fde648d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_pycode/test_pycode_parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,511 @@
+"""Test pycode.parser."""
+
+from sphinx.pycode.parser import Parser
+from sphinx.util.inspect import signature_from_str
+
+
+def test_comment_picker_basic():
+    source = ('a = 1 + 1      #: assignment\n'
+              'b = 1 +\\\n 1  #: assignment including a CR\n'
+              'c = (1 +\n 1)  #: tuple  \n'
+              'd = {1, \n 1}  #:     set\n'
+              'e = [1, \n 1]  #: list #: additional comment\n'
+              'f = "abc"\n'
+              '#: string; comment on next line (ignored)\n'
+              'g = 1.0\n'
+              '"""float; string on next line"""\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('', 'a'): 'assignment',
+                               ('', 'b'): 'assignment including a CR',
+                               ('', 'c'): 'tuple  ',
+                               ('', 'd'): '    set',
+                               ('', 'e'): 'list #: additional comment',
+                               ('', 'g'): 'float; string on next line'}
+
+
+def test_comment_picker_location():
+    # multiple "before" comments
+    source = ('#: comment before assignment1\n'
+              '#:\n'
+              '#: comment before assignment2\n'
+              'a = 1 + 1\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('', 'a'): ('comment before assignment1\n'
+                                           '\n'
+                                           'comment before assignment2')}
+
+    # before and after comments
+    source = ('#: comment before assignment\n'
+              'a = 1 + 1  #: comment after assignment\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('', 'a'): 'comment after assignment'}
+
+    # after comment and next line string
+    source = ('a = 1 + 1\n  #: comment after assignment\n'
+              '"""string on next line"""\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('', 'a'): 'string on next line'}
+
+    # before comment and next line string
+    source = ('#: comment before assignment\n'
+              'a = 1 + 1\n'
+              '"""string on next line"""\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('', 'a'): 'string on next line'}
+
+    # before comment, after comment and next line string
+    source = ('#: comment before assignment\n'
+              'a = 1 + 1  #: comment after assignment\n'
+              '"""string on next line"""\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('', 'a'): 'string on next line'}
+
+    # inside __init__ method
+    source = ('class Foo(object):\n'
+              '    def __init__(self):\n'
+              '        #: comment before assignment\n'
+              '        self.attr1 = None\n'
+              '        self.attr2 = None  #: comment after assignment\n'
+              '\n'
+              '        #: comment for attr3(1)\n'
+              '        self.attr3 = None  #: comment for attr3(2)\n'
+              '        """comment for attr3(3)"""\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('Foo', 'attr1'): 'comment before assignment',
+                               ('Foo', 'attr2'): 'comment after assignment',
+                               ('Foo', 'attr3'): 'comment for attr3(3)'}
+
+
+def test_annotated_assignment():
+    source = ('a: str = "Sphinx"  #: comment\n'
+              'b: int = 1\n'
+              '"""string on next line"""\n'
+              'c: int  #: comment\n'
+              'd = 1  # type: int\n'
+              '"""string on next line"""\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('', 'a'): 'comment',
+                               ('', 'b'): 'string on next line',
+                               ('', 'c'): 'comment',
+                               ('', 'd'): 'string on next line'}
+    assert parser.annotations == {('', 'a'): 'str',
+                                  ('', 'b'): 'int',
+                                  ('', 'c'): 'int',
+                                  ('', 'd'): 'int'}
+    assert parser.definitions == {}
+
+
+def test_complex_assignment():
+    source = ('a = 1 + 1; b = a  #: compound statement\n'
+              'c, d = (1, 1)  #: unpack assignment\n'
+              'e = True  #: first assignment\n'
+              'e = False  #: second assignment\n'
+              'f = g = None  #: multiple assignment at once\n'
+              '(theta, phi) = (0, 0.5)  #: unpack assignment via tuple\n'
+              '[x, y] = (5, 6)  #: unpack assignment via list\n'
+              'h, *i, j = (1, 2, 3, 4)  #: unpack assignment2\n'
+              'k, *self.attr = (5, 6, 7)  #: unpack assignment3\n'
+              'l, *m[0] = (8, 9, 0)  #: unpack assignment4\n'
+              )
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('', 'b'): 'compound statement',
+                               ('', 'c'): 'unpack assignment',
+                               ('', 'd'): 'unpack assignment',
+                               ('', 'e'): 'second assignment',
+                               ('', 'f'): 'multiple assignment at once',
+                               ('', 'g'): 'multiple assignment at once',
+                               ('', 'theta'): 'unpack assignment via tuple',
+                               ('', 'phi'): 'unpack assignment via tuple',
+                               ('', 'x'): 'unpack assignment via list',
+                               ('', 'y'): 'unpack assignment via list',
+                               ('', 'h'): 'unpack assignment2',
+                               ('', 'i'): 'unpack assignment2',
+                               ('', 'j'): 'unpack assignment2',
+                               ('', 'k'): 'unpack assignment3',
+                               ('', 'l'): 'unpack assignment4',
+                               }
+    assert parser.definitions == {}
+
+
+def test_assignment_in_try_clause():
+    source = ('try:\n'
+              '    a = None  #: comment\n'
+              'except:\n'
+              '    b = None  #: ignored\n'
+              'else:\n'
+              '    c = None  #: comment\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('', 'a'): 'comment',
+                               ('', 'c'): 'comment'}
+    assert parser.deforders == {'a': 0,
+                                'c': 1}
+
+
+def test_obj_assignment():
+    source = ('obj = SomeObject()  #: some object\n'
+              'obj.attr = 1  #: attr1\n'
+              'obj.attr.attr = 1  #: attr2\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('', 'obj'): 'some object'}
+    assert parser.definitions == {}
+
+
+def test_container_assignment():
+    source = ('l = []  #: list\n'
+              'l[1] = True  #: list assignment\n'
+              'l[0:0] = []  #: list assignment\n'
+              'l[_from:_to] = []  #: list assignment\n'
+              'd = {}  #: dict\n'
+              'd["doc"] = 1  #: dict assignment\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('', 'l'): 'list',
+                               ('', 'd'): 'dict'}
+    assert parser.definitions == {}
+
+
+def test_function():
+    source = ('def some_function():\n'
+              '    """docstring"""\n'
+              '    a = 1 + 1  #: comment1\n'
+              '\n'
+              '    b = a  #: comment2\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {}
+    assert parser.definitions == {'some_function': ('def', 1, 5)}
+    assert parser.deforders == {'some_function': 0}
+
+
+def test_nested_function():
+    source = ('def some_function():\n'
+              '    a = 1 + 1  #: comment1\n'
+              '\n'
+              '    def inner_function():\n'
+              '        b = 1 + 1  #: comment2\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {}
+    assert parser.definitions == {'some_function': ('def', 1, 5)}
+    assert parser.deforders == {'some_function': 0}
+
+
+def test_class():
+    source = ('class Foo(object):\n'
+              '    attr1 = None  #: comment1\n'
+              '    attr2 = None  #: comment2\n'
+              '\n'
+              '    def __init__(self):\n'
+              '        self.a = 1 + 1  #: comment3\n'
+              '        self.attr2 = 1 + 1  #: overridden\n'
+              '        b = 1 + 1  #: comment5\n'
+              '\n'
+              '    def some_method(self):\n'
+              '        c = 1 + 1  #: comment6\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('Foo', 'attr1'): 'comment1',
+                               ('Foo', 'a'): 'comment3',
+                               ('Foo', 'attr2'): 'overridden'}
+    assert parser.definitions == {'Foo': ('class', 1, 11),
+                                  'Foo.__init__': ('def', 5, 8),
+                                  'Foo.some_method': ('def', 10, 11)}
+    assert parser.deforders == {'Foo': 0,
+                                'Foo.attr1': 1,
+                                'Foo.__init__': 3,
+                                'Foo.a': 4,
+                                'Foo.attr2': 5,
+                                'Foo.some_method': 6}
+
+
+def test_class_uses_non_self():
+    source = ('class Foo(object):\n'
+              '    def __init__(this):\n'
+              '        this.a = 1 + 1  #: comment\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('Foo', 'a'): 'comment'}
+    assert parser.definitions == {'Foo': ('class', 1, 3),
+                                  'Foo.__init__': ('def', 2, 3)}
+    assert parser.deforders == {'Foo': 0,
+                                'Foo.__init__': 1,
+                                'Foo.a': 2}
+
+
+def test_nested_class():
+    source = ('class Foo(object):\n'
+              '    attr1 = None  #: comment1\n'
+              '\n'
+              '    class Bar(object):\n'
+              '        attr2 = None  #: comment2\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('Foo', 'attr1'): 'comment1',
+                               ('Foo.Bar', 'attr2'): 'comment2'}
+    assert parser.definitions == {'Foo': ('class', 1, 5),
+                                  'Foo.Bar': ('class', 4, 5)}
+    assert parser.deforders == {'Foo': 0,
+                                'Foo.attr1': 1,
+                                'Foo.Bar': 2,
+                                'Foo.Bar.attr2': 3}
+
+
+def test_class_comment():
+    source = ('import logging\n'
+              'logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\n'
+              '\n'
+              'class Foo(object):\n'
+              '    """Bar"""\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {}
+    assert parser.definitions == {'Foo': ('class', 4, 5)}
+
+
+def test_comment_picker_multiline_string():
+    source = ('class Foo(object):\n'
+              '    a = None\n'
+              '    """multiline\n'
+              '    docstring\n'
+              '    """\n'
+              '    b = None\n'
+              '    """\n'
+              '    docstring\n'
+              '    starts with::\n'
+              '\n'
+              '        empty line"""\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('Foo', 'a'): 'multiline\ndocstring',
+                               ('Foo', 'b'): 'docstring\nstarts with::\n\n    empty line'}
+
+
+def test_decorators():
+    source = ('@deco\n'
+              'def func1(): pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@deco(param1, param2)\n'
+              'def func2(): pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@deco1\n'
+              '@deco2\n'
+              'def func3(): pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@deco\n'
+              'class Foo():\n'
+              '    @deco1\n'
+              '    @deco2\n'
+              '    def method(self): pass\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.definitions == {'func1': ('def', 1, 2),
+                                  'func2': ('def', 4, 5),
+                                  'func3': ('def', 7, 9),
+                                  'Foo': ('class', 11, 15),
+                                  'Foo.method': ('def', 13, 15)}
+
+
+def test_async_function_and_method():
+    source = ('async def some_function():\n'
+              '    """docstring"""\n'
+              '    a = 1 + 1  #: comment1\n'
+              '\n'
+              'class Foo:\n'
+              '    async def method(self):\n'
+              '        pass\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.definitions == {'some_function': ('def', 1, 3),
+                                  'Foo': ('class', 5, 7),
+                                  'Foo.method': ('def', 6, 7)}
+
+
+def test_imports():
+    source = ('import sys\n'
+              'from os import environment, path\n'
+              '\n'
+              'import sphinx as Sphinx\n'
+              'from sphinx.application import Sphinx as App\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.definitions == {}
+    assert parser.deforders == {'sys': 0,
+                                'environment': 1,
+                                'path': 2,
+                                'Sphinx': 3,
+                                'App': 4}
+
+
+def test_formfeed_char():
+    source = ('class Foo:\n'
+              '\f\n'
+              '    attr = 1234  #: comment\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('Foo', 'attr'): 'comment'}
+
+
+def test_typing_final():
+    source = ('import typing\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@typing.final\n'
+              'def func(): pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@typing.final\n'
+              'class Foo:\n'
+              '    @typing.final\n'
+              '    def meth(self):\n'
+              '        pass\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.finals == ['func', 'Foo', 'Foo.meth']
+
+
+def test_typing_final_from_import():
+    source = ('from typing import final\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@final\n'
+              'def func(): pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@final\n'
+              'class Foo:\n'
+              '    @final\n'
+              '    def meth(self):\n'
+              '        pass\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.finals == ['func', 'Foo', 'Foo.meth']
+
+
+def test_typing_final_import_as():
+    source = ('import typing as foo\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@foo.final\n'
+              'def func(): pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@foo.final\n'
+              'class Foo:\n'
+              '    @typing.final\n'
+              '    def meth(self):\n'
+              '        pass\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.finals == ['func', 'Foo']
+
+
+def test_typing_final_from_import_as():
+    source = ('from typing import final as bar\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@bar\n'
+              'def func(): pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@bar\n'
+              'class Foo:\n'
+              '    @final\n'
+              '    def meth(self):\n'
+              '        pass\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.finals == ['func', 'Foo']
+
+
+def test_typing_final_not_imported():
+    source = ('@typing.final\n'
+              'def func(): pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@typing.final\n'
+              'class Foo:\n'
+              '    @final\n'
+              '    def meth(self):\n'
+              '        pass\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.finals == []
+
+
+def test_typing_overload():
+    source = ('import typing\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@typing.overload\n'
+              'def func(x: int, y: int) -> int: pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@typing.overload\n'
+              'def func(x: str, y: str) -> str: pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              'def func(x, y): pass\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.overloads == {'func': [signature_from_str('(x: int, y: int) -> int'),
+                                         signature_from_str('(x: str, y: str) -> str')]}
+
+
+def test_typing_overload_from_import():
+    source = ('from typing import overload\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@overload\n'
+              'def func(x: int, y: int) -> int: pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@overload\n'
+              'def func(x: str, y: str) -> str: pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              'def func(x, y): pass\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.overloads == {'func': [signature_from_str('(x: int, y: int) -> int'),
+                                         signature_from_str('(x: str, y: str) -> str')]}
+
+
+def test_typing_overload_import_as():
+    source = ('import typing as foo\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@foo.overload\n'
+              'def func(x: int, y: int) -> int: pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@foo.overload\n'
+              'def func(x: str, y: str) -> str: pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              'def func(x, y): pass\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.overloads == {'func': [signature_from_str('(x: int, y: int) -> int'),
+                                         signature_from_str('(x: str, y: str) -> str')]}
+
+
+def test_typing_overload_from_import_as():
+    source = ('from typing import overload as bar\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@bar\n'
+              'def func(x: int, y: int) -> int: pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@bar\n'
+              'def func(x: str, y: str) -> str: pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              'def func(x, y): pass\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.overloads == {'func': [signature_from_str('(x: int, y: int) -> int'),
+                                         signature_from_str('(x: str, y: str) -> str')]}
+
+
+def test_typing_overload_not_imported():
+    source = ('@typing.final\n'
+              'def func(x: int, y: int) -> int: pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@typing.final\n'
+              'def func(x: str, y: str) -> str: pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              'def func(x, y): pass\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.overloads == {}
diff --git a/tests/test_pycode_ast.py b/tests/test_pycode_ast.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 5efd0cb..0000000
--- a/tests/test_pycode_ast.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-"""Test pycode.ast"""
-
-import ast
-
-import pytest
-
-from sphinx.pycode.ast import unparse as ast_unparse
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(('source', 'expected'), [
-    ("a + b", "a + b"),                         # Add
-    ("a and b", "a and b"),                     # And
-    ("os.path", "os.path"),                     # Attribute
-    ("1 * 2", "1 * 2"),                         # BinOp
-    ("a & b", "a & b"),                         # BitAnd
-    ("a | b", "a | b"),                         # BitOr
-    ("a ^ b", "a ^ b"),                         # BitXor
-    ("a and b and c", "a and b and c"),         # BoolOp
-    ("b'bytes'", "b'bytes'"),                   # Bytes
-    ("object()", "object()"),                   # Call
-    ("1234", "1234"),                           # Constant
-    ("{'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}",
-     "{'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}"),   # Dict
-    ("a / b", "a / b"),                         # Div
-    ("...", "..."),                             # Ellipsis
-    ("a // b", "a // b"),                       # FloorDiv
-    ("Tuple[int, int]", "Tuple[int, int]"),     # Index, Subscript
-    ("~1", "~1"),                               # Invert
-    ("lambda x, y: x + y",
-     "lambda x, y: ..."),                       # Lambda
-    ("[1, 2, 3]", "[1, 2, 3]"),                 # List
-    ("a << b", "a << b"),                       # LShift
-    ("a @ b", "a @ b"),                         # MatMult
-    ("a % b", "a % b"),                         # Mod
-    ("a * b", "a * b"),                         # Mult
-    ("sys", "sys"),                             # Name, NameConstant
-    ("1234", "1234"),                           # Num
-    ("not a", "not a"),                         # Not
-    ("a or b", "a or b"),                       # Or
-    ("a**b", "a**b"),                           # Pow
-    ("a >> b", "a >> b"),                       # RShift
-    ("{1, 2, 3}", "{1, 2, 3}"),                 # Set
-    ("a - b", "a - b"),                         # Sub
-    ("'str'", "'str'"),                         # Str
-    ("+a", "+a"),                               # UAdd
-    ("-1", "-1"),                               # UnaryOp
-    ("-a", "-a"),                               # USub
-    ("(1, 2, 3)", "(1, 2, 3)"),                 # Tuple
-    ("()", "()"),                               # Tuple (empty)
-    ("(1,)", "(1,)"),                           # Tuple (single item)
-    ("lambda x=0, /, y=1, *args, z, **kwargs: x + y + z",
-     "lambda x=0, /, y=1, *args, z, **kwargs: ..."),  # posonlyargs
-    ("0x1234", "0x1234"),                       # Constant
-    ("1_000_000", "1_000_000"),                 # Constant
-])
-def test_unparse(source, expected):
-    module = ast.parse(source)
-    assert ast_unparse(module.body[0].value, source) == expected
-
-
-def test_unparse_None():
-    assert ast_unparse(None) is None
diff --git a/tests/test_pycode_parser.py b/tests/test_pycode_parser.py
deleted file mode 100644
index fde648d..0000000
--- a/tests/test_pycode_parser.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,511 +0,0 @@
-"""Test pycode.parser."""
-
-from sphinx.pycode.parser import Parser
-from sphinx.util.inspect import signature_from_str
-
-
-def test_comment_picker_basic():
-    source = ('a = 1 + 1      #: assignment\n'
-              'b = 1 +\\\n 1  #: assignment including a CR\n'
-              'c = (1 +\n 1)  #: tuple  \n'
-              'd = {1, \n 1}  #:     set\n'
-              'e = [1, \n 1]  #: list #: additional comment\n'
-              'f = "abc"\n'
-              '#: string; comment on next line (ignored)\n'
-              'g = 1.0\n'
-              '"""float; string on next line"""\n')
-    parser = Parser(source)
-    parser.parse()
-    assert parser.comments == {('', 'a'): 'assignment',
-                               ('', 'b'): 'assignment including a CR',
-                               ('', 'c'): 'tuple  ',
-                               ('', 'd'): '    set',
-                               ('', 'e'): 'list #: additional comment',
-                               ('', 'g'): 'float; string on next line'}
-
-
-def test_comment_picker_location():
-    # multiple "before" comments
-    source = ('#: comment before assignment1\n'
-              '#:\n'
-              '#: comment before assignment2\n'
-              'a = 1 + 1\n')
-    parser = Parser(source)
-    parser.parse()
-    assert parser.comments == {('', 'a'): ('comment before assignment1\n'
-                                           '\n'
-                                           'comment before assignment2')}
-
-    # before and after comments
-    source = ('#: comment before assignment\n'
-              'a = 1 + 1  #: comment after assignment\n')
-    parser = Parser(source)
-    parser.parse()
-    assert parser.comments == {('', 'a'): 'comment after assignment'}
-
-    # after comment and next line string
-    source = ('a = 1 + 1\n  #: comment after assignment\n'
-              '"""string on next line"""\n')
-    parser = Parser(source)
-    parser.parse()
-    assert parser.comments == {('', 'a'): 'string on next line'}
-
-    # before comment and next line string
-    source = ('#: comment before assignment\n'
-              'a = 1 + 1\n'
-              '"""string on next line"""\n')
-    parser = Parser(source)
-    parser.parse()
-    assert parser.comments == {('', 'a'): 'string on next line'}
-
-    # before comment, after comment and next line string
-    source = ('#: comment before assignment\n'
-              'a = 1 + 1  #: comment after assignment\n'
-              '"""string on next line"""\n')
-    parser = Parser(source)
-    parser.parse()
-    assert parser.comments == {('', 'a'): 'string on next line'}
-
-    # inside __init__ method
-    source = ('class Foo(object):\n'
-              '    def __init__(self):\n'
-              '        #: comment before assignment\n'
-              '        self.attr1 = None\n'
-              '        self.attr2 = None  #: comment after assignment\n'
-              '\n'
-              '        #: comment for attr3(1)\n'
-              '        self.attr3 = None  #: comment for attr3(2)\n'
-              '        """comment for attr3(3)"""\n')
-    parser = Parser(source)
-    parser.parse()
-    assert parser.comments == {('Foo', 'attr1'): 'comment before assignment',
-                               ('Foo', 'attr2'): 'comment after assignment',
-                               ('Foo', 'attr3'): 'comment for attr3(3)'}
-
-
-def test_annotated_assignment():
-    source = ('a: str = "Sphinx"  #: comment\n'
-              'b: int = 1\n'
-              '"""string on next line"""\n'
-              'c: int  #: comment\n'
-              'd = 1  # type: int\n'
-              '"""string on next line"""\n')
-    parser = Parser(source)
-    parser.parse()
-    assert parser.comments == {('', 'a'): 'comment',
-                               ('', 'b'): 'string on next line',
-                               ('', 'c'): 'comment',
-                               ('', 'd'): 'string on next line'}
-    assert parser.annotations == {('', 'a'): 'str',
-                                  ('', 'b'): 'int',
-                                  ('', 'c'): 'int',
-                                  ('', 'd'): 'int'}
-    assert parser.definitions == {}
-
-
-def test_complex_assignment():
-    source = ('a = 1 + 1; b = a  #: compound statement\n'
-              'c, d = (1, 1)  #: unpack assignment\n'
-              'e = True  #: first assignment\n'
-              'e = False  #: second assignment\n'
-              'f = g = None  #: multiple assignment at once\n'
-              '(theta, phi) = (0, 0.5)  #: unpack assignment via tuple\n'
-              '[x, y] = (5, 6)  #: unpack assignment via list\n'
-              'h, *i, j = (1, 2, 3, 4)  #: unpack assignment2\n'
-              'k, *self.attr = (5, 6, 7)  #: unpack assignment3\n'
-              'l, *m[0] = (8, 9, 0)  #: unpack assignment4\n'
-              )
-    parser = Parser(source)
-    parser.parse()
-    assert parser.comments == {('', 'b'): 'compound statement',
-                               ('', 'c'): 'unpack assignment',
-                               ('', 'd'): 'unpack assignment',
-                               ('', 'e'): 'second assignment',
-                               ('', 'f'): 'multiple assignment at once',
-                               ('', 'g'): 'multiple assignment at once',
-                               ('', 'theta'): 'unpack assignment via tuple',
-                               ('', 'phi'): 'unpack assignment via tuple',
-                               ('', 'x'): 'unpack assignment via list',
-                               ('', 'y'): 'unpack assignment via list',
-                               ('', 'h'): 'unpack assignment2',
-                               ('', 'i'): 'unpack assignment2',
-                               ('', 'j'): 'unpack assignment2',
-                               ('', 'k'): 'unpack assignment3',
-                               ('', 'l'): 'unpack assignment4',
-                               }
-    assert parser.definitions == {}
-
-
-def test_assignment_in_try_clause():
-    source = ('try:\n'
-              '    a = None  #: comment\n'
-              'except:\n'
-              '    b = None  #: ignored\n'
-              'else:\n'
-              '    c = None  #: comment\n')
-    parser = Parser(source)
-    parser.parse()
-    assert parser.comments == {('', 'a'): 'comment',
-                               ('', 'c'): 'comment'}
-    assert parser.deforders == {'a': 0,
-                                'c': 1}
-
-
-def test_obj_assignment():
-    source = ('obj = SomeObject()  #: some object\n'
-              'obj.attr = 1  #: attr1\n'
-              'obj.attr.attr = 1  #: attr2\n')
-    parser = Parser(source)
-    parser.parse()
-    assert parser.comments == {('', 'obj'): 'some object'}
-    assert parser.definitions == {}
-
-
-def test_container_assignment():
-    source = ('l = []  #: list\n'
-              'l[1] = True  #: list assignment\n'
-              'l[0:0] = []  #: list assignment\n'
-              'l[_from:_to] = []  #: list assignment\n'
-              'd = {}  #: dict\n'
-              'd["doc"] = 1  #: dict assignment\n')
-    parser = Parser(source)
-    parser.parse()
-    assert parser.comments == {('', 'l'): 'list',
-                               ('', 'd'): 'dict'}
-    assert parser.definitions == {}
-
-
-def test_function():
-    source = ('def some_function():\n'
-              '    """docstring"""\n'
-              '    a = 1 + 1  #: comment1\n'
-              '\n'
-              '    b = a  #: comment2\n')
-    parser = Parser(source)
-    parser.parse()
-    assert parser.comments == {}
-    assert parser.definitions == {'some_function': ('def', 1, 5)}
-    assert parser.deforders == {'some_function': 0}
-
-
-def test_nested_function():
-    source = ('def some_function():\n'
-              '    a = 1 + 1  #: comment1\n'
-              '\n'
-              '    def inner_function():\n'
-              '        b = 1 + 1  #: comment2\n')
-    parser = Parser(source)
-    parser.parse()
-    assert parser.comments == {}
-    assert parser.definitions == {'some_function': ('def', 1, 5)}
-    assert parser.deforders == {'some_function': 0}
-
-
-def test_class():
-    source = ('class Foo(object):\n'
-              '    attr1 = None  #: comment1\n'
-              '    attr2 = None  #: comment2\n'
-              '\n'
-              '    def __init__(self):\n'
-              '        self.a = 1 + 1  #: comment3\n'
-              '        self.attr2 = 1 + 1  #: overridden\n'
-              '        b = 1 + 1  #: comment5\n'
-              '\n'
-              '    def some_method(self):\n'
-              '        c = 1 + 1  #: comment6\n')
-    parser = Parser(source)
-    parser.parse()
-    assert parser.comments == {('Foo', 'attr1'): 'comment1',
-                               ('Foo', 'a'): 'comment3',
-                               ('Foo', 'attr2'): 'overridden'}
-    assert parser.definitions == {'Foo': ('class', 1, 11),
-                                  'Foo.__init__': ('def', 5, 8),
-                                  'Foo.some_method': ('def', 10, 11)}
-    assert parser.deforders == {'Foo': 0,
-                                'Foo.attr1': 1,
-                                'Foo.__init__': 3,
-                                'Foo.a': 4,
-                                'Foo.attr2': 5,
-                                'Foo.some_method': 6}
-
-
-def test_class_uses_non_self():
-    source = ('class Foo(object):\n'
-              '    def __init__(this):\n'
-              '        this.a = 1 + 1  #: comment\n')
-    parser = Parser(source)
-    parser.parse()
-    assert parser.comments == {('Foo', 'a'): 'comment'}
-    assert parser.definitions == {'Foo': ('class', 1, 3),
-                                  'Foo.__init__': ('def', 2, 3)}
-    assert parser.deforders == {'Foo': 0,
-                                'Foo.__init__': 1,
-                                'Foo.a': 2}
-
-
-def test_nested_class():
-    source = ('class Foo(object):\n'
-              '    attr1 = None  #: comment1\n'
-              '\n'
-              '    class Bar(object):\n'
-              '        attr2 = None  #: comment2\n')
-    parser = Parser(source)
-    parser.parse()
-    assert parser.comments == {('Foo', 'attr1'): 'comment1',
-                               ('Foo.Bar', 'attr2'): 'comment2'}
-    assert parser.definitions == {'Foo': ('class', 1, 5),
-                                  'Foo.Bar': ('class', 4, 5)}
-    assert parser.deforders == {'Foo': 0,
-                                'Foo.attr1': 1,
-                                'Foo.Bar': 2,
-                                'Foo.Bar.attr2': 3}
-
-
-def test_class_comment():
-    source = ('import logging\n'
-              'logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\n'
-              '\n'
-              'class Foo(object):\n'
-              '    """Bar"""\n')
-    parser = Parser(source)
-    parser.parse()
-    assert parser.comments == {}
-    assert parser.definitions == {'Foo': ('class', 4, 5)}
-
-
-def test_comment_picker_multiline_string():
-    source = ('class Foo(object):\n'
-              '    a = None\n'
-              '    """multiline\n'
-              '    docstring\n'
-              '    """\n'
-              '    b = None\n'
-              '    """\n'
-              '    docstring\n'
-              '    starts with::\n'
-              '\n'
-              '        empty line"""\n')
-    parser = Parser(source)
-    parser.parse()
-    assert parser.comments == {('Foo', 'a'): 'multiline\ndocstring',
-                               ('Foo', 'b'): 'docstring\nstarts with::\n\n    empty line'}
-
-
-def test_decorators():
-    source = ('@deco\n'
-              'def func1(): pass\n'
-              '\n'
-              '@deco(param1, param2)\n'
-              'def func2(): pass\n'
-              '\n'
-              '@deco1\n'
-              '@deco2\n'
-              'def func3(): pass\n'
-              '\n'
-              '@deco\n'
-              'class Foo():\n'
-              '    @deco1\n'
-              '    @deco2\n'
-              '    def method(self): pass\n')
-    parser = Parser(source)
-    parser.parse()
-    assert parser.definitions == {'func1': ('def', 1, 2),
-                                  'func2': ('def', 4, 5),
-                                  'func3': ('def', 7, 9),
-                                  'Foo': ('class', 11, 15),
-                                  'Foo.method': ('def', 13, 15)}
-
-
-def test_async_function_and_method():
-    source = ('async def some_function():\n'
-              '    """docstring"""\n'
-              '    a = 1 + 1  #: comment1\n'
-              '\n'
-              'class Foo:\n'
-              '    async def method(self):\n'
-              '        pass\n')
-    parser = Parser(source)
-    parser.parse()
-    assert parser.definitions == {'some_function': ('def', 1, 3),
-                                  'Foo': ('class', 5, 7),
-                                  'Foo.method': ('def', 6, 7)}
-
-
-def test_imports():
-    source = ('import sys\n'
-              'from os import environment, path\n'
-              '\n'
-              'import sphinx as Sphinx\n'
-              'from sphinx.application import Sphinx as App\n')
-    parser = Parser(source)
-    parser.parse()
-    assert parser.definitions == {}
-    assert parser.deforders == {'sys': 0,
-                                'environment': 1,
-                                'path': 2,
-                                'Sphinx': 3,
-                                'App': 4}
-
-
-def test_formfeed_char():
-    source = ('class Foo:\n'
-              '\f\n'
-              '    attr = 1234  #: comment\n')
-    parser = Parser(source)
-    parser.parse()
-    assert parser.comments == {('Foo', 'attr'): 'comment'}
-
-
-def test_typing_final():
-    source = ('import typing\n'
-              '\n'
-              '@typing.final\n'
-              'def func(): pass\n'
-              '\n'
-              '@typing.final\n'
-              'class Foo:\n'
-              '    @typing.final\n'
-              '    def meth(self):\n'
-              '        pass\n')
-    parser = Parser(source)
-    parser.parse()
-    assert parser.finals == ['func', 'Foo', 'Foo.meth']
-
-
-def test_typing_final_from_import():
-    source = ('from typing import final\n'
-              '\n'
-              '@final\n'
-              'def func(): pass\n'
-              '\n'
-              '@final\n'
-              'class Foo:\n'
-              '    @final\n'
-              '    def meth(self):\n'
-              '        pass\n')
-    parser = Parser(source)
-    parser.parse()
-    assert parser.finals == ['func', 'Foo', 'Foo.meth']
-
-
-def test_typing_final_import_as():
-    source = ('import typing as foo\n'
-              '\n'
-              '@foo.final\n'
-              'def func(): pass\n'
-              '\n'
-              '@foo.final\n'
-              'class Foo:\n'
-              '    @typing.final\n'
-              '    def meth(self):\n'
-              '        pass\n')
-    parser = Parser(source)
-    parser.parse()
-    assert parser.finals == ['func', 'Foo']
-
-
-def test_typing_final_from_import_as():
-    source = ('from typing import final as bar\n'
-              '\n'
-              '@bar\n'
-              'def func(): pass\n'
-              '\n'
-              '@bar\n'
-              'class Foo:\n'
-              '    @final\n'
-              '    def meth(self):\n'
-              '        pass\n')
-    parser = Parser(source)
-    parser.parse()
-    assert parser.finals == ['func', 'Foo']
-
-
-def test_typing_final_not_imported():
-    source = ('@typing.final\n'
-              'def func(): pass\n'
-              '\n'
-              '@typing.final\n'
-              'class Foo:\n'
-              '    @final\n'
-              '    def meth(self):\n'
-              '        pass\n')
-    parser = Parser(source)
-    parser.parse()
-    assert parser.finals == []
-
-
-def test_typing_overload():
-    source = ('import typing\n'
-              '\n'
-              '@typing.overload\n'
-              'def func(x: int, y: int) -> int: pass\n'
-              '\n'
-              '@typing.overload\n'
-              'def func(x: str, y: str) -> str: pass\n'
-              '\n'
-              'def func(x, y): pass\n')
-    parser = Parser(source)
-    parser.parse()
-    assert parser.overloads == {'func': [signature_from_str('(x: int, y: int) -> int'),
-                                         signature_from_str('(x: str, y: str) -> str')]}
-
-
-def test_typing_overload_from_import():
-    source = ('from typing import overload\n'
-              '\n'
-              '@overload\n'
-              'def func(x: int, y: int) -> int: pass\n'
-              '\n'
-              '@overload\n'
-              'def func(x: str, y: str) -> str: pass\n'
-              '\n'
-              'def func(x, y): pass\n')
-    parser = Parser(source)
-    parser.parse()
-    assert parser.overloads == {'func': [signature_from_str('(x: int, y: int) -> int'),
-                                         signature_from_str('(x: str, y: str) -> str')]}
-
-
-def test_typing_overload_import_as():
-    source = ('import typing as foo\n'
-              '\n'
-              '@foo.overload\n'
-              'def func(x: int, y: int) -> int: pass\n'
-              '\n'
-              '@foo.overload\n'
-              'def func(x: str, y: str) -> str: pass\n'
-              '\n'
-              'def func(x, y): pass\n')
-    parser = Parser(source)
-    parser.parse()
-    assert parser.overloads == {'func': [signature_from_str('(x: int, y: int) -> int'),
-                                         signature_from_str('(x: str, y: str) -> str')]}
-
-
-def test_typing_overload_from_import_as():
-    source = ('from typing import overload as bar\n'
-              '\n'
-              '@bar\n'
-              'def func(x: int, y: int) -> int: pass\n'
-              '\n'
-              '@bar\n'
-              'def func(x: str, y: str) -> str: pass\n'
-              '\n'
-              'def func(x, y): pass\n')
-    parser = Parser(source)
-    parser.parse()
-    assert parser.overloads == {'func': [signature_from_str('(x: int, y: int) -> int'),
-                                         signature_from_str('(x: str, y: str) -> str')]}
-
-
-def test_typing_overload_not_imported():
-    source = ('@typing.final\n'
-              'def func(x: int, y: int) -> int: pass\n'
-              '\n'
-              '@typing.final\n'
-              'def func(x: str, y: str) -> str: pass\n'
-              '\n'
-              'def func(x, y): pass\n')
-    parser = Parser(source)
-    parser.parse()
-    assert parser.overloads == {}
diff --git a/tests/test_quickstart.py b/tests/test_quickstart.py
index 6a9f5c7..671aed4 100644
--- a/tests/test_quickstart.py
+++ b/tests/test_quickstart.py
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ def test_quickstart_and_build(tmp_path):
         'html',  # buildername
         status=StringIO(),
         warning=warnfile)
-    app.builder.build_all()
+    app.build(force_all=True)
     warnings = warnfile.getvalue()
     assert not warnings
 
diff --git a/tests/test_search.py b/tests/test_search.py
index 68a7b01..63443a8 100644
--- a/tests/test_search.py
+++ b/tests/test_search.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test the search index builder."""
+from __future__ import annotations
 
 import json
 import warnings
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ test that non-comments are indexed: fermion
 
 @pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-viewcode')
 def test_objects_are_escaped(app):
-    app.builder.build_all()
+    app.build(force_all=True)
     index = load_searchindex(app.outdir / 'searchindex.js')
     for item in index.get('objects').get(''):
         if item[-1] == 'n::Array&lt;T, d&gt;':  # n::Array<T,d> is escaped
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ def test_objects_are_escaped(app):
 
 @pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='search')
 def test_meta_keys_are_handled_for_language_en(app):
-    app.builder.build_all()
+    app.build(force_all=True)
     searchindex = load_searchindex(app.outdir / 'searchindex.js')
     assert not is_registered_term(searchindex, 'thisnoteith')
     assert is_registered_term(searchindex, 'thisonetoo')
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ def test_meta_keys_are_handled_for_language_en(app):
 
 @pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='search', confoverrides={'html_search_language': 'de'}, freshenv=True)
 def test_meta_keys_are_handled_for_language_de(app):
-    app.builder.build_all()
+    app.build(force_all=True)
     searchindex = load_searchindex(app.outdir / 'searchindex.js')
     assert not is_registered_term(searchindex, 'thisnoteith')
     assert is_registered_term(searchindex, 'thisonetoo')
@@ -109,14 +110,14 @@ def test_meta_keys_are_handled_for_language_de(app):
 
 @pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='search')
 def test_stemmer_does_not_remove_short_words(app):
-    app.builder.build_all()
+    app.build(force_all=True)
     searchindex = (app.outdir / 'searchindex.js').read_text(encoding='utf8')
     assert 'bat' in searchindex
 
 
 @pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='search')
 def test_stemmer(app):
-    app.builder.build_all()
+    app.build(force_all=True)
     searchindex = load_searchindex(app.outdir / 'searchindex.js')
     print(searchindex)
     assert is_registered_term(searchindex, 'findthisstemmedkei')
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ def test_stemmer(app):
 
 @pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='search')
 def test_term_in_heading_and_section(app):
-    app.builder.build_all()
+    app.build(force_all=True)
     searchindex = (app.outdir / 'searchindex.js').read_text(encoding='utf8')
     # if search term is in the title of one doc and in the text of another
     # both documents should be a hit in the search index as a title,
@@ -136,7 +137,7 @@ def test_term_in_heading_and_section(app):
 
 @pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='search')
 def test_term_in_raw_directive(app):
-    app.builder.build_all()
+    app.build(force_all=True)
     searchindex = load_searchindex(app.outdir / 'searchindex.js')
     assert not is_registered_term(searchindex, 'raw')
     assert is_registered_term(searchindex, 'rawword')
@@ -157,8 +158,8 @@ def test_IndexBuilder():
     index = IndexBuilder(env, 'en', {}, None)
     index.feed('docname1_1', 'filename1_1', 'title1_1', doc)
     index.feed('docname1_2', 'filename1_2', 'title1_2', doc)
-    index.feed('docname2_1', 'filename2_1', 'title2_1', doc)
     index.feed('docname2_2', 'filename2_2', 'title2_2', doc)
+    index.feed('docname2_1', 'filename2_1', 'title2_1', doc)
     assert index._titles == {'docname1_1': 'title1_1', 'docname1_2': 'title1_2',
                              'docname2_1': 'title2_1', 'docname2_2': 'title2_2'}
     assert index._filenames == {'docname1_1': 'filename1_1', 'docname1_2': 'filename1_2',
@@ -279,7 +280,7 @@ def test_IndexBuilder_lookup():
     srcdir='search_zh',
 )
 def test_search_index_gen_zh(app):
-    app.builder.build_all()
+    app.build(force_all=True)
     index = load_searchindex(app.outdir / 'searchindex.js')
     assert 'chinesetest ' not in index['terms']
     assert 'chinesetest' in index['terms']
@@ -304,3 +305,44 @@ def test_parallel(app):
     app.build()
     index = load_searchindex(app.outdir / 'searchindex.js')
     assert index['docnames'] == ['index', 'nosearch', 'tocitem']
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='search')
+def test_search_index_is_deterministic(app):
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    index = load_searchindex(app.outdir / 'searchindex.js')
+    # Pretty print the index. Only shown by pytest on failure.
+    print(f'searchindex.js contents:\n\n{json.dumps(index, indent=2)}')
+    assert_is_sorted(index, '')
+
+
+def is_title_tuple_type(item: list[int | str]):
+    """
+    In the search index, titles inside .alltitles are stored as a tuple of
+    (document_idx, title_anchor). Tuples are represented as lists in JSON,
+    but their contents must not be sorted. We cannot sort them anyway, as
+    document_idx is an int and title_anchor is a str.
+    """
+    return len(item) == 2 and isinstance(item[0], int) and isinstance(item[1], str)
+
+
+def assert_is_sorted(item, path: str):
+    lists_not_to_sort = {
+        # Each element of .titles is related to the element of .docnames in the same position.
+        # The ordering is deterministic because .docnames is sorted.
+        '.titles',
+        # Each element of .filenames is related to the element of .docnames in the same position.
+        # The ordering is deterministic because .docnames is sorted.
+        '.filenames',
+    }
+
+    err_path = path or '<root>'
+    if isinstance(item, dict):
+        assert list(item.keys()) == sorted(item.keys()), f'{err_path} is not sorted'
+        for key, value in item.items():
+            assert_is_sorted(value, f'{path}.{key}')
+    elif isinstance(item, list):
+        if not is_title_tuple_type(item) and path not in lists_not_to_sort:
+            assert item == sorted(item), f'{err_path} is not sorted'
+        for i, child in enumerate(item):
+            assert_is_sorted(child, f'{path}[{i}]')
diff --git a/tests/test_smartquotes.py b/tests/test_smartquotes.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 1d4e8e1..0000000
--- a/tests/test_smartquotes.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-"""Test smart quotes."""
-
-import pytest
-from html5lib import HTMLParser
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='html', testroot='smartquotes', freshenv=True)
-def test_basic(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '<p>– “Sphinx” is a tool that makes it easy …</p>' in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='html', testroot='smartquotes', freshenv=True)
-def test_literals(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-
-    with (app.outdir / 'literals.html').open(encoding='utf-8') as html_file:
-        etree = HTMLParser(namespaceHTMLElements=False).parse(html_file)
-
-    for code_element in etree.iter('code'):
-        code_text = ''.join(code_element.itertext())
-
-        if code_text.startswith('code role'):
-            assert "'quotes'" in code_text
-        elif code_text.startswith('{'):
-            assert code_text == "{'code': 'role', 'with': 'quotes'}"
-        elif code_text.startswith('literal'):
-            assert code_text == "literal with 'quotes'"
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='text', testroot='smartquotes', freshenv=True)
-def test_text_builder(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '-- "Sphinx" is a tool that makes it easy ...' in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='man', testroot='smartquotes', freshenv=True)
-def test_man_builder(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'python.1').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert r'\-\- \(dqSphinx\(dq is a tool that makes it easy ...' in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='latex', testroot='smartquotes', freshenv=True)
-def test_latex_builder(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '\\textendash{} “Sphinx” is a tool that makes it easy …' in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='html', testroot='smartquotes', freshenv=True,
-                    confoverrides={'language': 'ja'})
-def test_ja_html_builder(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '<p>-- &quot;Sphinx&quot; is a tool that makes it easy ...</p>' in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='html', testroot='smartquotes', freshenv=True,
-                    confoverrides={'smartquotes': False})
-def test_smartquotes_disabled(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '<p>-- &quot;Sphinx&quot; is a tool that makes it easy ...</p>' in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='html', testroot='smartquotes', freshenv=True,
-                    confoverrides={'smartquotes_action': 'q'})
-def test_smartquotes_action(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '<p>-- “Sphinx” is a tool that makes it easy ...</p>' in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='html', testroot='smartquotes', freshenv=True,
-                    confoverrides={'language': 'ja', 'smartquotes_excludes': {}})
-def test_smartquotes_excludes_language(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '<p>– 「Sphinx」 is a tool that makes it easy …</p>' in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='man', testroot='smartquotes', freshenv=True,
-                    confoverrides={'smartquotes_excludes': {}})
-def test_smartquotes_excludes_builders(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'python.1').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '– “Sphinx” is a tool that makes it easy …' in content
diff --git a/tests/test_templating.py b/tests/test_templating.py
deleted file mode 100644
index a41af93..0000000
--- a/tests/test_templating.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-"""Test templating."""
-
-import pytest
-
-from sphinx.ext.autosummary.generate import setup_documenters
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='templating')
-def test_layout_overloading(make_app, app_params):
-    args, kwargs = app_params
-    app = make_app(*args, **kwargs)
-    setup_documenters(app)
-    app.builder.build_update()
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '<!-- layout overloading -->' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='templating')
-def test_autosummary_class_template_overloading(make_app, app_params):
-    args, kwargs = app_params
-    app = make_app(*args, **kwargs)
-    setup_documenters(app)
-    app.builder.build_update()
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'generated' / 'sphinx.application.TemplateBridge.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert 'autosummary/class.rst method block overloading' in result
-    assert 'foobar' not in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='templating',
-                    confoverrides={'autosummary_context': {'sentence': 'foobar'}})
-def test_autosummary_context(make_app, app_params):
-    args, kwargs = app_params
-    app = make_app(*args, **kwargs)
-    setup_documenters(app)
-    app.builder.build_update()
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'generated' / 'sphinx.application.TemplateBridge.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert 'autosummary/class.rst method block overloading' in result
-    assert 'foobar' in result
diff --git a/tests/test_theming.py b/tests/test_theming.py
deleted file mode 100644
index b4c8511..0000000
--- a/tests/test_theming.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,131 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the Theme class."""
-
-import os
-
-import alabaster
-import pytest
-
-import sphinx.builders.html
-from sphinx.theming import ThemeError
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(
-    testroot='theming',
-    confoverrides={'html_theme': 'ziptheme',
-                   'html_theme_options.testopt': 'foo'})
-def test_theme_api(app, status, warning):
-    cfg = app.config
-
-    themes = ['basic', 'default', 'scrolls', 'agogo', 'sphinxdoc', 'haiku',
-              'traditional', 'epub', 'nature', 'pyramid', 'bizstyle', 'classic', 'nonav',
-              'test-theme', 'ziptheme', 'staticfiles', 'parent', 'child']
-    try:
-        alabaster_version = alabaster.__version_info__
-    except AttributeError:
-        alabaster_version = alabaster.version.__version_info__
-    if alabaster_version >= (0, 7, 11):
-        themes.append('alabaster')
-
-    # test Theme class API
-    assert set(app.registry.html_themes.keys()) == set(themes)
-    assert app.registry.html_themes['test-theme'] == str(app.srcdir / 'test_theme' / 'test-theme')
-    assert app.registry.html_themes['ziptheme'] == str(app.srcdir / 'ziptheme.zip')
-    assert app.registry.html_themes['staticfiles'] == str(app.srcdir / 'test_theme' / 'staticfiles')
-
-    # test Theme instance API
-    theme = app.builder.theme
-    assert theme.name == 'ziptheme'
-    themedir = theme.themedir
-    assert theme.base.name == 'basic'
-    assert len(theme.get_theme_dirs()) == 2
-
-    # direct setting
-    assert theme.get_config('theme', 'stylesheet') == 'custom.css'
-    # inherited setting
-    assert theme.get_config('options', 'nosidebar') == 'false'
-    # nonexisting setting
-    assert theme.get_config('theme', 'foobar', 'def') == 'def'
-    with pytest.raises(ThemeError):
-        theme.get_config('theme', 'foobar')
-
-    # options API
-
-    options = theme.get_options({'nonexisting': 'foo'})
-    assert 'nonexisting' not in options
-
-    options = theme.get_options(cfg.html_theme_options)
-    assert options['testopt'] == 'foo'
-    assert options['nosidebar'] == 'false'
-
-    # cleanup temp directories
-    theme.cleanup()
-    assert not os.path.exists(themedir)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='double-inheriting-theme')
-def test_double_inheriting_theme(app, status, warning):
-    assert app.builder.theme.name == 'base_theme2'
-    app.build()  # => not raises TemplateNotFound
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='theming',
-                    confoverrides={'html_theme': 'child'})
-def test_nested_zipped_theme(app, status, warning):
-    assert app.builder.theme.name == 'child'
-    app.build()  # => not raises TemplateNotFound
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='theming',
-                    confoverrides={'html_theme': 'staticfiles'})
-def test_staticfiles(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-    assert (app.outdir / '_static' / 'staticimg.png').exists()
-    assert (app.outdir / '_static' / 'statictmpl.html').exists()
-    assert (app.outdir / '_static' / 'statictmpl.html').read_text(encoding='utf8') == (
-        '<!-- testing static templates -->\n'
-        '<html><project>Python</project></html>'
-    )
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '<meta name="testopt" content="optdefault" />' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='theming',
-                    confoverrides={'html_theme': 'test-theme'})
-def test_dark_style(app, monkeypatch):
-    monkeypatch.setattr(sphinx.builders.html, '_file_checksum', lambda o, f: '')
-
-    style = app.builder.dark_highlighter.formatter_args.get('style')
-    assert style.__name__ == 'MonokaiStyle'
-
-    app.build()
-    assert (app.outdir / '_static' / 'pygments_dark.css').exists()
-
-    css_file, properties = app.registry.css_files[0]
-    assert css_file == 'pygments_dark.css'
-    assert "media" in properties
-    assert properties["media"] == '(prefers-color-scheme: dark)'
-
-    assert sorted(f.filename for f in app.builder._css_files) == [
-        '_static/classic.css',
-        '_static/pygments.css',
-        '_static/pygments_dark.css',
-    ]
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css" />' in result
-    assert ('<link id="pygments_dark_css" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" '
-            'rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" '
-            'href="_static/pygments_dark.css" />') in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='theming')
-def test_theme_sidebars(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-
-    # test-theme specifies globaltoc and searchbox as default sidebars
-    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '<h3><a href="#">Table of Contents</a></h3>' in result
-    assert '<h3>Related Topics</h3>' not in result
-    assert '<h3>This Page</h3>' not in result
-    assert '<h3 id="searchlabel">Quick search</h3>' in result
diff --git a/tests/test_theming/__init__.py b/tests/test_theming/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/tests/test_theming/test_html_theme.py b/tests/test_theming/test_html_theme.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9a183f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_theming/test_html_theme.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='theming')
+def test_theme_options(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / '_static' / 'documentation_options.js').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS: false' in result
+    assert 'ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS: true' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'html',
+    testroot='theming',
+    confoverrides={
+        'html_theme_options.navigation_with_keys': True,
+        'html_theme_options.enable_search_shortcuts': False,
+    },
+)
+def test_theme_options_with_override(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / '_static' / 'documentation_options.js').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS: true' in result
+    assert 'ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS: false' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='build-html-theme-having-multiple-stylesheets')
+def test_theme_having_multiple_stylesheets(app):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf-8')
+
+    assert '<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/mytheme.css" />' in content
+    assert '<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/extra.css" />' in content
diff --git a/tests/test_theming/test_templating.py b/tests/test_theming/test_templating.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc02e97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_theming/test_templating.py
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+"""Test templating."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.ext.autosummary.generate import setup_documenters
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='templating')
+def test_layout_overloading(make_app, app_params):
+    args, kwargs = app_params
+    app = make_app(*args, **kwargs)
+    setup_documenters(app)
+    app.build()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<!-- layout overloading -->' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='templating')
+def test_autosummary_class_template_overloading(make_app, app_params):
+    args, kwargs = app_params
+    app = make_app(*args, **kwargs)
+    setup_documenters(app)
+    app.build()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'generated' / 'sphinx.application.TemplateBridge.html').read_text(
+        encoding='utf8'
+    )
+    assert 'autosummary/class.rst method block overloading' in result
+    assert 'foobar' not in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'html',
+    testroot='templating',
+    confoverrides={'autosummary_context': {'sentence': 'foobar'}},
+)
+def test_autosummary_context(make_app, app_params):
+    args, kwargs = app_params
+    app = make_app(*args, **kwargs)
+    setup_documenters(app)
+    app.build()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'generated' / 'sphinx.application.TemplateBridge.html').read_text(
+        encoding='utf8'
+    )
+    assert 'autosummary/class.rst method block overloading' in result
+    assert 'foobar' in result
diff --git a/tests/test_theming/test_theming.py b/tests/test_theming/test_theming.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..867f8a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_theming/test_theming.py
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+"""Test the Theme class."""
+
+import os
+import shutil
+from pathlib import Path
+from xml.etree.ElementTree import ParseError
+
+import pytest
+from defusedxml.ElementTree import parse as xml_parse
+
+import sphinx.builders.html
+from sphinx.errors import ThemeError
+from sphinx.theming import (
+    _ConfigFile,
+    _convert_theme_conf,
+    _convert_theme_toml,
+    _load_theme,
+    _load_theme_conf,
+    _load_theme_toml,
+)
+
+HERE = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    testroot='theming',
+    confoverrides={'html_theme': 'ziptheme', 'html_theme_options.testopt': 'foo'},
+)
+def test_theme_api(app, status, warning):
+    themes = [
+        'basic',
+        'default',
+        'scrolls',
+        'agogo',
+        'sphinxdoc',
+        'haiku',
+        'traditional',
+        'epub',
+        'nature',
+        'pyramid',
+        'bizstyle',
+        'classic',
+        'nonav',
+        'test-theme',
+        'ziptheme',
+        'staticfiles',
+        'parent',
+        'child',
+        'alabaster',
+    ]
+
+    # test Theme class API
+    assert set(app.registry.html_themes.keys()) == set(themes)
+    assert app.registry.html_themes['test-theme'] == str(
+        app.srcdir / 'test_theme' / 'test-theme'
+    )
+    assert app.registry.html_themes['ziptheme'] == str(app.srcdir / 'ziptheme.zip')
+    assert app.registry.html_themes['staticfiles'] == str(
+        app.srcdir / 'test_theme' / 'staticfiles'
+    )
+
+    # test Theme instance API
+    theme = app.builder.theme
+    assert theme.name == 'ziptheme'
+    assert len(theme.get_theme_dirs()) == 2
+
+    # direct setting
+    assert theme.get_config('theme', 'stylesheet') == 'custom.css'
+    # inherited setting
+    assert theme.get_config('options', 'nosidebar') == 'false'
+    # nonexisting setting
+    assert theme.get_config('theme', 'foobar', 'def') == 'def'
+    with pytest.raises(ThemeError):
+        theme.get_config('theme', 'foobar')
+
+    # options API
+
+    options = theme.get_options({'nonexisting': 'foo'})
+    assert 'nonexisting' not in options
+
+    options = theme.get_options(app.config.html_theme_options)
+    assert options['testopt'] == 'foo'
+    assert options['nosidebar'] == 'false'
+
+    # cleanup temp directories
+    theme._cleanup()
+    assert not any(map(os.path.exists, theme._tmp_dirs))
+
+
+def test_nonexistent_theme_settings(tmp_path):
+    # Check that error occurs with a non-existent theme.toml or theme.conf
+    # (https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/11668)
+    with pytest.raises(ThemeError):
+        _load_theme('', str(tmp_path))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='double-inheriting-theme')
+def test_double_inheriting_theme(app, status, warning):
+    assert app.builder.theme.name == 'base_theme2'
+    app.build()  # => not raises TemplateNotFound
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='theming', confoverrides={'html_theme': 'child'})
+def test_nested_zipped_theme(app, status, warning):
+    assert app.builder.theme.name == 'child'
+    app.build()  # => not raises TemplateNotFound
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='theming', confoverrides={'html_theme': 'staticfiles'})
+def test_staticfiles(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    assert (app.outdir / '_static' / 'staticimg.png').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / '_static' / 'statictmpl.html').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / '_static' / 'statictmpl.html').read_text(encoding='utf8') == (
+        '<!-- testing static templates -->\n<html><project>Python</project></html>'
+    )
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<meta name="testopt" content="optdefault" />' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='theming', confoverrides={'html_theme': 'test-theme'})
+def test_dark_style(app, monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sphinx.builders.html, '_file_checksum', lambda o, f: '')
+
+    style = app.builder.dark_highlighter.formatter_args.get('style')
+    assert style.__name__ == 'MonokaiStyle'
+
+    app.build()
+    assert (app.outdir / '_static' / 'pygments_dark.css').exists()
+
+    css_file, properties = app.registry.css_files[0]
+    assert css_file == 'pygments_dark.css'
+    assert 'media' in properties
+    assert properties['media'] == '(prefers-color-scheme: dark)'
+
+    assert sorted(f.filename for f in app.builder._css_files) == [
+        '_static/classic.css',
+        '_static/pygments.css',
+        '_static/pygments_dark.css',
+    ]
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css" />' in result
+    assert (
+        '<link id="pygments_dark_css" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" '
+        'rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" '
+        'href="_static/pygments_dark.css" />'
+    ) in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='theming')
+def test_theme_sidebars(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    # test-theme specifies globaltoc and searchbox as default sidebars
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<h3><a href="#">Table of Contents</a></h3>' in result
+    assert '<h3>Related Topics</h3>' not in result
+    assert '<h3>This Page</h3>' not in result
+    assert '<h3 id="searchlabel">Quick search</h3>' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    'theme_name',
+    [
+        'alabaster',
+        'agogo',
+        'basic',
+        'bizstyle',
+        'classic',
+        'default',
+        'epub',
+        'haiku',
+        'nature',
+        'nonav',
+        'pyramid',
+        'scrolls',
+        'sphinxdoc',
+        'traditional',
+    ],
+)
+def test_theme_builds(make_app, rootdir, sphinx_test_tempdir, theme_name):
+    """Test all the themes included with Sphinx build a simple project and produce valid XML."""
+    testroot_path = rootdir / 'test-basic'
+    srcdir = sphinx_test_tempdir / f'test-theme-{theme_name}'
+    shutil.copytree(testroot_path, srcdir)
+
+    app = make_app(srcdir=srcdir, confoverrides={'html_theme': theme_name})
+    app.build()
+    assert not app.warning.getvalue().strip()
+    assert app.outdir.joinpath('index.html').exists()
+
+    # check that the generated HTML files are well-formed (as strict XML)
+    for html_file in app.outdir.rglob('*.html'):
+        try:
+            xml_parse(html_file)
+        except ParseError as exc:
+            pytest.fail(f'Failed to parse {html_file.relative_to(app.outdir)}: {exc}')
+
+
+def test_config_file_toml():
+    config_path = HERE / 'theme.toml'
+    cfg = _load_theme_toml(str(config_path))
+    config = _convert_theme_toml(cfg)
+
+    assert config == _ConfigFile(
+        stylesheets=('spam.css', 'ham.css'),
+        sidebar_templates=None,
+        pygments_style_default='spam',
+        pygments_style_dark=None,
+        options={'lobster': 'thermidor'},
+    )
+
+
+def test_config_file_conf():
+    config_path = HERE / 'theme.conf'
+    cfg = _load_theme_conf(str(config_path))
+    config = _convert_theme_conf(cfg)
+
+    assert config == _ConfigFile(
+        stylesheets=('spam.css', 'ham.css'),
+        sidebar_templates=None,
+        pygments_style_default='spam',
+        pygments_style_dark=None,
+        options={'lobster': 'thermidor'},
+    )
diff --git a/tests/test_theming/theme.conf b/tests/test_theming/theme.conf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b53fcb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_theming/theme.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+[theme]
+inherit = none
+stylesheet = spam.css, ham.css
+pygments_style = spam
+
+[options]
+lobster = thermidor
diff --git a/tests/test_theming/theme.toml b/tests/test_theming/theme.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96a5668
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_theming/theme.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+[theme]
+inherit = "none"
+stylesheets = [
+   "spam.css",
+   "ham.css",
+]
+pygments_style = { default = "spam" }
+
+[options]
+lobster = "thermidor"
diff --git a/tests/test_toctree.py b/tests/test_toctree.py
index 39d0916..e59085d 100644
--- a/tests/test_toctree.py
+++ b/tests/test_toctree.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import pytest
 
 @pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='toctree-glob')
 def test_relations(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
+    app.build(force_all=True)
     assert app.builder.relations['index'] == [None, None, 'foo']
     assert app.builder.relations['foo'] == ['index', 'index', 'bar/index']
     assert app.builder.relations['bar/index'] == ['index', 'foo', 'bar/bar_1']
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ def test_relations(app, status, warning):
 
 @pytest.mark.sphinx('singlehtml', testroot='toctree-empty')
 def test_singlehtml_toctree(app, status, warning):
-    app.builder.build_all()
+    app.build(force_all=True)
     try:
         app.builder._get_local_toctree('index')
     except AttributeError:
@@ -36,4 +36,4 @@ def test_numbered_toctree(app, status, warning):
     index = (app.srcdir / 'index.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
     index = re.sub(':numbered:.*', ':numbered: 1', index)
     (app.srcdir / 'index.rst').write_text(index, encoding='utf8')
-    app.builder.build_all()
+    app.build(force_all=True)
diff --git a/tests/test_transforms/__init__.py b/tests/test_transforms/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/tests/test_transforms/test_transforms_move_module_targets.py b/tests/test_transforms/test_transforms_move_module_targets.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0e9f1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_transforms/test_transforms_move_module_targets.py
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.testing.util import SphinxTestApp
+from sphinx.transforms import MoveModuleTargets
+
+CONTENT_PY = """\
+move-module-targets
+===================
+
+.. py:module:: fish_licence.halibut
+"""
+CONTENT_JS = """\
+move-module-targets
+===================
+
+.. js:module:: fish_licence.halibut
+"""
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('content', [
+    CONTENT_PY,  # Python
+    CONTENT_JS,  # JavaScript
+])
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("rollback_sysmodules")
+def test_move_module_targets(tmp_path, content):
+    # Test for the MoveModuleTargets transform
+    tmp_path.joinpath("conf.py").touch()
+    tmp_path.joinpath("index.rst").write_text(content, encoding="utf-8")
+
+    app = SphinxTestApp('dummy', srcdir=tmp_path)
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    document = app.env.get_doctree('index')
+    section = document[0]
+
+    # target ID has been lifted into the section node
+    assert section["ids"] == ['module-fish_licence.halibut', 'move-module-targets']
+    # nodes.target has been removed from 'section'
+    assert isinstance(section[0], nodes.title)
+    assert isinstance(section[1], addnodes.index)
+    assert len(section) == 2
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("rollback_sysmodules")
+def test_move_module_targets_no_section(tmp_path):
+    # Test for the MoveModuleTargets transform
+    tmp_path.joinpath("conf.py").touch()
+    tmp_path.joinpath("index.rst").write_text(".. py:module:: fish_licence.halibut\n", encoding="utf-8")
+
+    app = SphinxTestApp('dummy', srcdir=tmp_path)
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    document = app.env.get_doctree('index')
+
+    assert document["ids"] == []
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("rollback_sysmodules")
+def test_move_module_targets_disabled(tmp_path):
+    # Test for the MoveModuleTargets transform
+    tmp_path.joinpath("conf.py").touch()
+    tmp_path.joinpath("index.rst").write_text(CONTENT_PY, encoding="utf-8")
+
+    app = SphinxTestApp('dummy', srcdir=tmp_path)
+    app.registry.transforms.remove(MoveModuleTargets)  # disable the transform
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    document = app.env.get_doctree('index')
+    section = document[0]
+
+    # target ID is not lifted into the section node
+    assert section["ids"] == ['move-module-targets']
+    assert section[2]["ids"] == ['module-fish_licence.halibut']
+    # nodes.target remains in 'section'
+    assert isinstance(section[0], nodes.title)
+    assert isinstance(section[1], addnodes.index)
+    assert isinstance(section[2], nodes.target)
+    assert len(section) == 3
diff --git a/tests/test_transforms/test_transforms_post_transforms.py b/tests/test_transforms/test_transforms_post_transforms.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4e699b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_transforms/test_transforms_post_transforms.py
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+"""Tests the post_transforms"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.addnodes import SIG_ELEMENTS
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+from sphinx.transforms.post_transforms import SigElementFallbackTransform
+from sphinx.util.docutils import new_document
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Any, NoReturn
+
+    from _pytest.fixtures import SubRequest
+
+    from sphinx.testing.util import SphinxTestApp
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='transforms-post_transforms-missing-reference')
+def test_nitpicky_warning(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    assert ('index.rst:4: WARNING: py:class reference target '
+            'not found: io.StringIO' in warning.getvalue())
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'
+            'io.StringIO</span></code></p>' in content)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='transforms-post_transforms-missing-reference',
+                    freshenv=True)
+def test_missing_reference(app, warning):
+    def missing_reference(app_, env_, node_, contnode_):
+        assert app_ is app
+        assert env_ is app.env
+        assert node_['reftarget'] == 'io.StringIO'
+        assert contnode_.astext() == 'io.StringIO'
+
+        return nodes.inline('', 'missing-reference.StringIO')
+
+    warning.truncate(0)
+    app.connect('missing-reference', missing_reference)
+    app.build()
+    assert warning.getvalue() == ''
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<p><span>missing-reference.StringIO</span></p>' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='domain-py-python_use_unqualified_type_names',
+                    freshenv=True)
+def test_missing_reference_conditional_pending_xref(app, warning):
+    def missing_reference(_app, _env, _node, contnode):
+        return contnode
+
+    warning.truncate(0)
+    app.connect('missing-reference', missing_reference)
+    app.build()
+    assert warning.getvalue() == ''
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<span class="n"><span class="pre">Age</span></span>' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='transforms-post_transforms-keyboard',
+                    freshenv=True)
+def test_keyboard_hyphen_spaces(app):
+    """Regression test for issue 10495, we want no crash."""
+    app.build()
+    assert "spanish" in (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert "inquisition" in (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+
+class TestSigElementFallbackTransform:
+    """Integration test for :class:`sphinx.transforms.post_transforms.SigElementFallbackTransform`."""
+
+    # safe copy of the "built-in" desc_sig_* nodes (during the test, instances of such nodes
+    # will be created sequentially, so we fix a possible order at the beginning using a tuple)
+    _builtin_sig_elements: tuple[type[addnodes.desc_sig_element], ...] = tuple(SIG_ELEMENTS)
+
+    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+    def builtin_sig_elements(self) -> tuple[type[addnodes.desc_sig_element], ...]:
+        """Fixture returning an ordered view on the original value of :data:`!sphinx.addnodes.SIG_ELEMENTS`."""
+        return self._builtin_sig_elements
+
+    @pytest.fixture()
+    def document(
+        self, app: SphinxTestApp, builtin_sig_elements: tuple[type[addnodes.desc_sig_element], ...],
+    ) -> nodes.document:
+        """Fixture returning a new document with built-in ``desc_sig_*`` nodes and a final ``desc_inline`` node."""
+        doc = new_document('')
+        doc.settings.env = app.env
+        # Nodes that should be supported by a default custom translator class.
+        # It is important that builtin_sig_elements has a fixed order so that
+        # the nodes can be deterministically checked.
+        doc += [node_type('', '') for node_type in builtin_sig_elements]
+        doc += addnodes.desc_inline('py')
+        return doc
+
+    @pytest.fixture()
+    def with_desc_sig_elements(self, value: Any) -> bool:
+        """Dynamic fixture acting as the identity on booleans."""
+        assert isinstance(value, bool)
+        return value
+
+    @pytest.fixture()
+    def add_visitor_method_for(self, value: Any) -> list[str]:
+        """Dynamic fixture acting as the identity on a list of strings."""
+        assert isinstance(value, list)
+        assert all(isinstance(item, str) for item in value)
+        return value
+
+    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+    def translator_class(self, request: SubRequest) -> type[nodes.NodeVisitor]:
+        """Minimal interface fixture similar to SphinxTranslator but orthogonal thereof."""
+        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+        class BaseCustomTranslatorClass(nodes.NodeVisitor):
+            """Base class for a custom translator class, orthogonal to ``SphinxTranslator``."""
+
+            def __init__(self, document, *_a):
+                super().__init__(document)
+                # ignore other arguments
+
+            def dispatch_visit(self, node):
+                for node_class in node.__class__.__mro__:
+                    if method := getattr(self, f'visit_{node_class.__name__}', None):
+                        method(node)
+                        break
+                else:
+                    logger.info('generic visit: %r', node.__class__.__name__)
+                    super().dispatch_visit(node)
+
+            def unknown_visit(self, node):
+                logger.warning('unknown visit: %r', node.__class__.__name__)
+                raise nodes.SkipDeparture  # ignore unknown departure
+
+            def visit_document(self, node):
+                raise nodes.SkipDeparture  # ignore departure
+
+            def mark_node(self, node: nodes.Node) -> NoReturn:
+                logger.info('mark: %r', node.__class__.__name__)
+                raise nodes.SkipDeparture  # ignore departure
+
+        with_desc_sig_elements = request.getfixturevalue('with_desc_sig_elements')
+        if with_desc_sig_elements:
+            desc_sig_elements_list = request.getfixturevalue('builtin_sig_elements')
+        else:
+            desc_sig_elements_list = []
+        add_visitor_method_for = request.getfixturevalue('add_visitor_method_for')
+        visitor_methods = {f'visit_{tp.__name__}' for tp in desc_sig_elements_list}
+        visitor_methods.update(f'visit_{name}' for name in add_visitor_method_for)
+        class_dict = dict.fromkeys(visitor_methods, BaseCustomTranslatorClass.mark_node)
+        return type('CustomTranslatorClass', (BaseCustomTranslatorClass,), class_dict)  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        'add_visitor_method_for',
+        [[], ['desc_inline']],
+        ids=[
+            'no_explicit_visitor',
+            'explicit_desc_inline_visitor',
+        ],
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        'with_desc_sig_elements',
+        [True, False],
+        ids=[
+            'with_default_visitors_for_desc_sig_elements',
+            'without_default_visitors_for_desc_sig_elements',
+        ],
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy')
+    def test_support_desc_inline(
+        self, document: nodes.document, with_desc_sig_elements: bool,
+            add_visitor_method_for: list[str], request: SubRequest,
+    ) -> None:
+        document, _, _ = self._exec(request)
+        # count the number of desc_inline nodes with the extra _sig_node_type field
+        desc_inline_typename = addnodes.desc_inline.__name__
+        visit_desc_inline = desc_inline_typename in add_visitor_method_for
+        if visit_desc_inline:
+            assert_node(document[-1], addnodes.desc_inline)
+        else:
+            assert_node(document[-1], nodes.inline, _sig_node_type=desc_inline_typename)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        'add_visitor_method_for',
+        [
+            [],  # no support
+            ['desc_sig_space'],  # enable desc_sig_space visitor
+            ['desc_sig_element'],  # enable generic visitor
+            ['desc_sig_space', 'desc_sig_element'],  # enable desc_sig_space and generic visitors
+        ],
+        ids=[
+            'no_explicit_visitor',
+            'explicit_desc_sig_space_visitor',
+            'explicit_desc_sig_element_visitor',
+            'explicit_desc_sig_space_and_desc_sig_element_visitors',
+        ],
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        'with_desc_sig_elements',
+        [True, False],
+        ids=[
+            'with_default_visitors_for_desc_sig_elements',
+            'without_default_visitors_for_desc_sig_elements',
+        ],
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy')
+    def test_custom_implementation(
+        self,
+        document: nodes.document,
+        with_desc_sig_elements: bool,
+        add_visitor_method_for: list[str],
+        request: SubRequest,
+    ) -> None:
+        document, stdout, stderr = self._exec(request)
+        assert len(self._builtin_sig_elements) == len(document.children[:-1]) == len(stdout[:-1])
+
+        visit_desc_sig_element = addnodes.desc_sig_element.__name__ in add_visitor_method_for
+        ignore_sig_element_fallback_transform = visit_desc_sig_element or with_desc_sig_elements
+
+        if ignore_sig_element_fallback_transform:
+            # desc_sig_element is implemented or desc_sig_* nodes are properly handled (and left untouched)
+            for node_type, node, mess in zip(self._builtin_sig_elements, document.children[:-1], stdout[:-1]):
+                assert_node(node, node_type)
+                assert not node.hasattr('_sig_node_type')
+                assert mess == f'mark: {node_type.__name__!r}'
+        else:
+            # desc_sig_* nodes are converted into inline nodes
+            for node_type, node, mess in zip(self._builtin_sig_elements, document.children[:-1], stdout[:-1]):
+                assert_node(node, nodes.inline, _sig_node_type=node_type.__name__)
+                assert mess == f'generic visit: {nodes.inline.__name__!r}'
+
+        # desc_inline node is never handled and always transformed
+        assert addnodes.desc_inline.__name__ not in add_visitor_method_for
+        assert_node(document[-1], nodes.inline, _sig_node_type=addnodes.desc_inline.__name__)
+        assert stdout[-1] == f'generic visit: {nodes.inline.__name__!r}'
+
+        # nodes.inline are never handled
+        assert len(stderr) == 1 if ignore_sig_element_fallback_transform else len(document.children)
+        assert set(stderr) == {f'unknown visit: {nodes.inline.__name__!r}'}
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _exec(request: SubRequest) -> tuple[nodes.document, list[str], list[str]]:
+        caplog = request.getfixturevalue('caplog')
+        caplog.set_level(logging.INFO, logger=__name__)
+
+        app = request.getfixturevalue('app')
+        translator_class = request.getfixturevalue('translator_class')
+        app.set_translator('dummy', translator_class)
+        # run the post-transform directly [building phase]
+        # document contains SIG_ELEMENTS nodes followed by a desc_inline node
+        document = request.getfixturevalue('document')
+        SigElementFallbackTransform(document).run()
+        # run the translator [writing phase]
+        translator = translator_class(document, app.builder)
+        document.walkabout(translator)
+        # extract messages
+        messages = caplog.record_tuples
+        stdout = [message for _, lvl, message in messages if lvl == logging.INFO]
+        stderr = [message for _, lvl, message in messages if lvl == logging.WARNING]
+        return document, stdout, stderr
diff --git a/tests/test_transforms/test_transforms_post_transforms_code.py b/tests/test_transforms/test_transforms_post_transforms_code.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4423d5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_transforms/test_transforms_post_transforms_code.py
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='trim_doctest_flags')
+def test_trim_doctest_flags_html(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'FOO' not in result
+    assert 'BAR' in result
+    assert 'BAZ' not in result
+    assert 'QUX' not in result
+    assert 'QUUX' not in result
+    assert 'CORGE' not in result
+    assert 'GRAULT' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='trim_doctest_flags',
+                    confoverrides={'trim_doctest_flags': False})
+def test_trim_doctest_flags_disabled(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'FOO' in result
+    assert 'BAR' in result
+    assert 'BAZ' in result
+    assert 'QUX' in result
+    assert 'QUUX' not in result
+    assert 'CORGE' not in result
+    assert 'GRAULT' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='trim_doctest_flags')
+def test_trim_doctest_flags_latex(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'FOO' not in result
+    assert 'BAR' in result
+    assert 'BAZ' not in result
+    assert 'QUX' not in result
+    assert 'QUUX' not in result
+    assert 'CORGE' not in result
+    assert 'GRAULT' in result
diff --git a/tests/test_transforms/test_transforms_reorder_nodes.py b/tests/test_transforms/test_transforms_reorder_nodes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ffdae6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_transforms/test_transforms_reorder_nodes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+"""Tests the transformations"""
+
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+
+
+def test_transforms_reorder_consecutive_target_and_index_nodes_preserve_order(app):
+    text = ('.. index:: abc\n'
+            '.. index:: def\n'
+            '.. index:: ghi\n'
+            '.. index:: jkl\n'
+            '\n'
+            'text\n')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          addnodes.index,
+                          addnodes.index,
+                          addnodes.index,
+                          nodes.target,
+                          nodes.target,
+                          nodes.target,
+                          nodes.target,
+                          nodes.paragraph))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'abc', 'index-0', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'def', 'index-1', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[2], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'ghi', 'index-2', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[3], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'jkl', 'index-3', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[4], nodes.target, refid='index-0')
+    assert_node(doctree[5], nodes.target, refid='index-1')
+    assert_node(doctree[6], nodes.target, refid='index-2')
+    assert_node(doctree[7], nodes.target, refid='index-3')
+    # assert_node(doctree[8], nodes.paragraph)
+
+
+def test_transforms_reorder_consecutive_target_and_index_nodes_no_merge_across_other_nodes(app):
+    text = ('.. index:: abc\n'
+            '.. index:: def\n'
+            '\n'
+            'text\n'
+            '\n'
+            '.. index:: ghi\n'
+            '.. index:: jkl\n'
+            '\n'
+            'text\n')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          addnodes.index,
+                          nodes.target,
+                          nodes.target,
+                          nodes.paragraph,
+                          addnodes.index,
+                          addnodes.index,
+                          nodes.target,
+                          nodes.target,
+                          nodes.paragraph))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'abc', 'index-0', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'def', 'index-1', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[2], nodes.target, refid='index-0')
+    assert_node(doctree[3], nodes.target, refid='index-1')
+    # assert_node(doctree[4], nodes.paragraph)
+    assert_node(doctree[5], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'ghi', 'index-2', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[6], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'jkl', 'index-3', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[7], nodes.target, refid='index-2')
+    assert_node(doctree[8], nodes.target, refid='index-3')
+    # assert_node(doctree[9], nodes.paragraph)
+
+
+def test_transforms_reorder_consecutive_target_and_index_nodes_merge_with_labels(app):
+    text = ('.. _abc:\n'
+            '.. index:: def\n'
+            '.. _ghi:\n'
+            '.. index:: jkl\n'
+            '.. _mno:\n'
+            '\n'
+            'Heading\n'
+            '=======\n')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (nodes.title,
+                          addnodes.index,
+                          addnodes.index,
+                          nodes.target,
+                          nodes.target,
+                          nodes.target,
+                          nodes.target,
+                          nodes.target))
+    # assert_node(doctree[8], nodes.title)
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'def', 'index-0', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[2], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'jkl', 'index-1', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[3], nodes.target, refid='abc')
+    assert_node(doctree[4], nodes.target, refid='index-0')
+    assert_node(doctree[5], nodes.target, refid='ghi')
+    assert_node(doctree[6], nodes.target, refid='index-1')
+    assert_node(doctree[7], nodes.target, refid='mno')
diff --git a/tests/test_transforms_move_module_targets.py b/tests/test_transforms_move_module_targets.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e0e9f1d..0000000
--- a/tests/test_transforms_move_module_targets.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-import pytest
-from docutils import nodes
-
-from sphinx import addnodes
-from sphinx.testing.util import SphinxTestApp
-from sphinx.transforms import MoveModuleTargets
-
-CONTENT_PY = """\
-move-module-targets
-===================
-
-.. py:module:: fish_licence.halibut
-"""
-CONTENT_JS = """\
-move-module-targets
-===================
-
-.. js:module:: fish_licence.halibut
-"""
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize('content', [
-    CONTENT_PY,  # Python
-    CONTENT_JS,  # JavaScript
-])
-@pytest.mark.usefixtures("rollback_sysmodules")
-def test_move_module_targets(tmp_path, content):
-    # Test for the MoveModuleTargets transform
-    tmp_path.joinpath("conf.py").touch()
-    tmp_path.joinpath("index.rst").write_text(content, encoding="utf-8")
-
-    app = SphinxTestApp('dummy', srcdir=tmp_path)
-    app.build(force_all=True)
-    document = app.env.get_doctree('index')
-    section = document[0]
-
-    # target ID has been lifted into the section node
-    assert section["ids"] == ['module-fish_licence.halibut', 'move-module-targets']
-    # nodes.target has been removed from 'section'
-    assert isinstance(section[0], nodes.title)
-    assert isinstance(section[1], addnodes.index)
-    assert len(section) == 2
-
-
-@pytest.mark.usefixtures("rollback_sysmodules")
-def test_move_module_targets_no_section(tmp_path):
-    # Test for the MoveModuleTargets transform
-    tmp_path.joinpath("conf.py").touch()
-    tmp_path.joinpath("index.rst").write_text(".. py:module:: fish_licence.halibut\n", encoding="utf-8")
-
-    app = SphinxTestApp('dummy', srcdir=tmp_path)
-    app.build(force_all=True)
-    document = app.env.get_doctree('index')
-
-    assert document["ids"] == []
-
-
-@pytest.mark.usefixtures("rollback_sysmodules")
-def test_move_module_targets_disabled(tmp_path):
-    # Test for the MoveModuleTargets transform
-    tmp_path.joinpath("conf.py").touch()
-    tmp_path.joinpath("index.rst").write_text(CONTENT_PY, encoding="utf-8")
-
-    app = SphinxTestApp('dummy', srcdir=tmp_path)
-    app.registry.transforms.remove(MoveModuleTargets)  # disable the transform
-    app.build(force_all=True)
-    document = app.env.get_doctree('index')
-    section = document[0]
-
-    # target ID is not lifted into the section node
-    assert section["ids"] == ['move-module-targets']
-    assert section[2]["ids"] == ['module-fish_licence.halibut']
-    # nodes.target remains in 'section'
-    assert isinstance(section[0], nodes.title)
-    assert isinstance(section[1], addnodes.index)
-    assert isinstance(section[2], nodes.target)
-    assert len(section) == 3
diff --git a/tests/test_transforms_post_transforms.py b/tests/test_transforms_post_transforms.py
deleted file mode 100644
index b9b6126..0000000
--- a/tests/test_transforms_post_transforms.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,268 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests the post_transforms"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import logging
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
-
-import pytest
-from docutils import nodes
-
-from sphinx import addnodes
-from sphinx.addnodes import SIG_ELEMENTS
-from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
-from sphinx.transforms.post_transforms import SigElementFallbackTransform
-from sphinx.util.docutils import new_document
-
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from typing import Any, NoReturn
-
-    from _pytest.fixtures import SubRequest
-
-    from sphinx.testing.util import SphinxTestApp
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='transforms-post_transforms-missing-reference')
-def test_nitpicky_warning(app, warning):
-    app.build()
-    assert ('index.rst:4: WARNING: py:class reference target '
-            'not found: io.StringIO' in warning.getvalue())
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert ('<p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'
-            'io.StringIO</span></code></p>' in content)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='transforms-post_transforms-missing-reference',
-                    freshenv=True)
-def test_missing_reference(app, warning):
-    def missing_reference(app_, env_, node_, contnode_):
-        assert app_ is app
-        assert env_ is app.env
-        assert node_['reftarget'] == 'io.StringIO'
-        assert contnode_.astext() == 'io.StringIO'
-
-        return nodes.inline('', 'missing-reference.StringIO')
-
-    warning.truncate(0)
-    app.connect('missing-reference', missing_reference)
-    app.build()
-    assert warning.getvalue() == ''
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '<p><span>missing-reference.StringIO</span></p>' in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='domain-py-python_use_unqualified_type_names',
-                    freshenv=True)
-def test_missing_reference_conditional_pending_xref(app, warning):
-    def missing_reference(_app, _env, _node, contnode):
-        return contnode
-
-    warning.truncate(0)
-    app.connect('missing-reference', missing_reference)
-    app.build()
-    assert warning.getvalue() == ''
-
-    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert '<span class="n"><span class="pre">Age</span></span>' in content
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='transforms-post_transforms-keyboard',
-                    freshenv=True)
-def test_keyboard_hyphen_spaces(app):
-    """Regression test for issue 10495, we want no crash."""
-    app.build()
-    assert "spanish" in (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert "inquisition" in (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-
-class TestSigElementFallbackTransform:
-    """Integration test for :class:`sphinx.transforms.post_transforms.SigElementFallbackTransform`."""
-    # safe copy of the "built-in" desc_sig_* nodes (during the test, instances of such nodes
-    # will be created sequentially, so we fix a possible order at the beginning using a tuple)
-    _builtin_sig_elements: tuple[type[addnodes.desc_sig_element], ...] = tuple(SIG_ELEMENTS)
-
-    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
-    def builtin_sig_elements(self) -> tuple[type[addnodes.desc_sig_element], ...]:
-        """Fixture returning an ordered view on the original value of :data:`!sphinx.addnodes.SIG_ELEMENTS`."""
-        return self._builtin_sig_elements
-
-    @pytest.fixture()
-    def document(
-        self, app: SphinxTestApp, builtin_sig_elements: tuple[type[addnodes.desc_sig_element], ...],
-    ) -> nodes.document:
-        """Fixture returning a new document with built-in ``desc_sig_*`` nodes and a final ``desc_inline`` node."""
-        doc = new_document('')
-        doc.settings.env = app.env
-        # Nodes that should be supported by a default custom translator class.
-        # It is important that builtin_sig_elements has a fixed order so that
-        # the nodes can be deterministically checked.
-        doc += [node_type('', '') for node_type in builtin_sig_elements]
-        doc += addnodes.desc_inline('py')
-        return doc
-
-    @pytest.fixture()
-    def with_desc_sig_elements(self, value: Any) -> bool:
-        """Dynamic fixture acting as the identity on booleans."""
-        assert isinstance(value, bool)
-        return value
-
-    @pytest.fixture()
-    def add_visitor_method_for(self, value: Any) -> list[str]:
-        """Dynamic fixture acting as the identity on a list of strings."""
-        assert isinstance(value, list)
-        assert all(isinstance(item, str) for item in value)
-        return value
-
-    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
-    def translator_class(self, request: SubRequest) -> type[nodes.NodeVisitor]:
-        """Minimal interface fixture similar to SphinxTranslator but orthogonal thereof."""
-        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-        class BaseCustomTranslatorClass(nodes.NodeVisitor):
-            """Base class for a custom translator class, orthogonal to ``SphinxTranslator``."""
-
-            def __init__(self, document, *_a):
-                super().__init__(document)
-                # ignore other arguments
-
-            def dispatch_visit(self, node):
-                for node_class in node.__class__.__mro__:
-                    if method := getattr(self, f'visit_{node_class.__name__}', None):
-                        method(node)
-                        break
-                else:
-                    logger.info('generic visit: %r', node.__class__.__name__)
-                    super().dispatch_visit(node)
-
-            def unknown_visit(self, node):
-                logger.warning('unknown visit: %r', node.__class__.__name__)
-                raise nodes.SkipDeparture  # ignore unknown departure
-
-            def visit_document(self, node):
-                raise nodes.SkipDeparture  # ignore departure
-
-            def mark_node(self, node: nodes.Node) -> NoReturn:
-                logger.info('mark: %r', node.__class__.__name__)
-                raise nodes.SkipDeparture  # ignore departure
-
-        with_desc_sig_elements = request.getfixturevalue('with_desc_sig_elements')
-        if with_desc_sig_elements:
-            desc_sig_elements_list = request.getfixturevalue('builtin_sig_elements')
-        else:
-            desc_sig_elements_list = []
-        add_visitor_method_for = request.getfixturevalue('add_visitor_method_for')
-        visitor_methods = {f'visit_{tp.__name__}' for tp in desc_sig_elements_list}
-        visitor_methods.update(f'visit_{name}' for name in add_visitor_method_for)
-        class_dict = dict.fromkeys(visitor_methods, BaseCustomTranslatorClass.mark_node)
-        return type('CustomTranslatorClass', (BaseCustomTranslatorClass,), class_dict)  # type: ignore[return-value]
-
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-        'add_visitor_method_for',
-        [[], ['desc_inline']],
-        ids=[
-            'no_explicit_visitor',
-            'explicit_desc_inline_visitor',
-        ],
-    )
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-        'with_desc_sig_elements',
-        [True, False],
-        ids=[
-            'with_default_visitors_for_desc_sig_elements',
-            'without_default_visitors_for_desc_sig_elements',
-        ],
-    )
-    @pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy')
-    def test_support_desc_inline(
-        self, document: nodes.document, with_desc_sig_elements: bool,
-            add_visitor_method_for: list[str], request: SubRequest,
-    ) -> None:
-        document, _, _ = self._exec(request)
-        # count the number of desc_inline nodes with the extra _sig_node_type field
-        desc_inline_typename = addnodes.desc_inline.__name__
-        visit_desc_inline = desc_inline_typename in add_visitor_method_for
-        if visit_desc_inline:
-            assert_node(document[-1], addnodes.desc_inline)
-        else:
-            assert_node(document[-1], nodes.inline, _sig_node_type=desc_inline_typename)
-
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-        'add_visitor_method_for',
-        [
-            [],  # no support
-            ['desc_sig_space'],  # enable desc_sig_space visitor
-            ['desc_sig_element'],  # enable generic visitor
-            ['desc_sig_space', 'desc_sig_element'],  # enable desc_sig_space and generic visitors
-        ],
-        ids=[
-            'no_explicit_visitor',
-            'explicit_desc_sig_space_visitor',
-            'explicit_desc_sig_element_visitor',
-            'explicit_desc_sig_space_and_desc_sig_element_visitors',
-        ],
-    )
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-        'with_desc_sig_elements',
-        [True, False],
-        ids=[
-            'with_default_visitors_for_desc_sig_elements',
-            'without_default_visitors_for_desc_sig_elements',
-        ],
-    )
-    @pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy')
-    def test_custom_implementation(
-        self,
-        document: nodes.document,
-        with_desc_sig_elements: bool,
-        add_visitor_method_for: list[str],
-        request: SubRequest,
-    ) -> None:
-        document, stdout, stderr = self._exec(request)
-        assert len(self._builtin_sig_elements) == len(document.children[:-1]) == len(stdout[:-1])
-
-        visit_desc_sig_element = addnodes.desc_sig_element.__name__ in add_visitor_method_for
-        ignore_sig_element_fallback_transform = visit_desc_sig_element or with_desc_sig_elements
-
-        if ignore_sig_element_fallback_transform:
-            # desc_sig_element is implemented or desc_sig_* nodes are properly handled (and left untouched)
-            for node_type, node, mess in zip(self._builtin_sig_elements, document.children[:-1], stdout[:-1]):
-                assert_node(node, node_type)
-                assert not node.hasattr('_sig_node_type')
-                assert mess == f'mark: {node_type.__name__!r}'
-        else:
-            # desc_sig_* nodes are converted into inline nodes
-            for node_type, node, mess in zip(self._builtin_sig_elements, document.children[:-1], stdout[:-1]):
-                assert_node(node, nodes.inline, _sig_node_type=node_type.__name__)
-                assert mess == f'generic visit: {nodes.inline.__name__!r}'
-
-        # desc_inline node is never handled and always transformed
-        assert addnodes.desc_inline.__name__ not in add_visitor_method_for
-        assert_node(document[-1], nodes.inline, _sig_node_type=addnodes.desc_inline.__name__)
-        assert stdout[-1] == f'generic visit: {nodes.inline.__name__!r}'
-
-        # nodes.inline are never handled
-        assert len(stderr) == 1 if ignore_sig_element_fallback_transform else len(document.children)
-        assert set(stderr) == {f'unknown visit: {nodes.inline.__name__!r}'}
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _exec(request: SubRequest) -> tuple[nodes.document, list[str], list[str]]:
-        caplog = request.getfixturevalue('caplog')
-        caplog.set_level(logging.INFO, logger=__name__)
-
-        app = request.getfixturevalue('app')
-        translator_class = request.getfixturevalue('translator_class')
-        app.set_translator('dummy', translator_class)
-        # run the post-transform directly [building phase]
-        # document contains SIG_ELEMENTS nodes followed by a desc_inline node
-        document = request.getfixturevalue('document')
-        SigElementFallbackTransform(document).run()
-        # run the translator [writing phase]
-        translator = translator_class(document, app.builder)
-        document.walkabout(translator)
-        # extract messages
-        messages = caplog.record_tuples
-        stdout = [message for _, lvl, message in messages if lvl == logging.INFO]
-        stderr = [message for _, lvl, message in messages if lvl == logging.WARN]
-        return document, stdout, stderr
diff --git a/tests/test_transforms_post_transforms_code.py b/tests/test_transforms_post_transforms_code.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 4423d5b..0000000
--- a/tests/test_transforms_post_transforms_code.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-import pytest
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='trim_doctest_flags')
-def test_trim_doctest_flags_html(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert 'FOO' not in result
-    assert 'BAR' in result
-    assert 'BAZ' not in result
-    assert 'QUX' not in result
-    assert 'QUUX' not in result
-    assert 'CORGE' not in result
-    assert 'GRAULT' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='trim_doctest_flags',
-                    confoverrides={'trim_doctest_flags': False})
-def test_trim_doctest_flags_disabled(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert 'FOO' in result
-    assert 'BAR' in result
-    assert 'BAZ' in result
-    assert 'QUX' in result
-    assert 'QUUX' not in result
-    assert 'CORGE' not in result
-    assert 'GRAULT' in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='trim_doctest_flags')
-def test_trim_doctest_flags_latex(app, status, warning):
-    app.build()
-
-    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
-    assert 'FOO' not in result
-    assert 'BAR' in result
-    assert 'BAZ' not in result
-    assert 'QUX' not in result
-    assert 'QUUX' not in result
-    assert 'CORGE' not in result
-    assert 'GRAULT' in result
diff --git a/tests/test_transforms_reorder_nodes.py b/tests/test_transforms_reorder_nodes.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 7ffdae6..0000000
--- a/tests/test_transforms_reorder_nodes.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests the transformations"""
-
-from docutils import nodes
-
-from sphinx import addnodes
-from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
-from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
-
-
-def test_transforms_reorder_consecutive_target_and_index_nodes_preserve_order(app):
-    text = ('.. index:: abc\n'
-            '.. index:: def\n'
-            '.. index:: ghi\n'
-            '.. index:: jkl\n'
-            '\n'
-            'text\n')
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          addnodes.index,
-                          addnodes.index,
-                          addnodes.index,
-                          nodes.target,
-                          nodes.target,
-                          nodes.target,
-                          nodes.target,
-                          nodes.paragraph))
-    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'abc', 'index-0', '', None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'def', 'index-1', '', None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[2], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'ghi', 'index-2', '', None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[3], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'jkl', 'index-3', '', None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[4], nodes.target, refid='index-0')
-    assert_node(doctree[5], nodes.target, refid='index-1')
-    assert_node(doctree[6], nodes.target, refid='index-2')
-    assert_node(doctree[7], nodes.target, refid='index-3')
-    # assert_node(doctree[8], nodes.paragraph)
-
-
-def test_transforms_reorder_consecutive_target_and_index_nodes_no_merge_across_other_nodes(app):
-    text = ('.. index:: abc\n'
-            '.. index:: def\n'
-            '\n'
-            'text\n'
-            '\n'
-            '.. index:: ghi\n'
-            '.. index:: jkl\n'
-            '\n'
-            'text\n')
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          addnodes.index,
-                          nodes.target,
-                          nodes.target,
-                          nodes.paragraph,
-                          addnodes.index,
-                          addnodes.index,
-                          nodes.target,
-                          nodes.target,
-                          nodes.paragraph))
-    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'abc', 'index-0', '', None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'def', 'index-1', '', None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[2], nodes.target, refid='index-0')
-    assert_node(doctree[3], nodes.target, refid='index-1')
-    # assert_node(doctree[4], nodes.paragraph)
-    assert_node(doctree[5], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'ghi', 'index-2', '', None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[6], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'jkl', 'index-3', '', None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[7], nodes.target, refid='index-2')
-    assert_node(doctree[8], nodes.target, refid='index-3')
-    # assert_node(doctree[9], nodes.paragraph)
-
-
-def test_transforms_reorder_consecutive_target_and_index_nodes_merge_with_labels(app):
-    text = ('.. _abc:\n'
-            '.. index:: def\n'
-            '.. _ghi:\n'
-            '.. index:: jkl\n'
-            '.. _mno:\n'
-            '\n'
-            'Heading\n'
-            '=======\n')
-    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
-    assert_node(doctree, (nodes.title,
-                          addnodes.index,
-                          addnodes.index,
-                          nodes.target,
-                          nodes.target,
-                          nodes.target,
-                          nodes.target,
-                          nodes.target))
-    # assert_node(doctree[8], nodes.title)
-    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'def', 'index-0', '', None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[2], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'jkl', 'index-1', '', None)])
-    assert_node(doctree[3], nodes.target, refid='abc')
-    assert_node(doctree[4], nodes.target, refid='index-0')
-    assert_node(doctree[5], nodes.target, refid='ghi')
-    assert_node(doctree[6], nodes.target, refid='index-1')
-    assert_node(doctree[7], nodes.target, refid='mno')
diff --git a/tests/test_util.py b/tests/test_util.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 4389894..0000000
--- a/tests/test_util.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests util functions."""
-
-import os
-import tempfile
-
-import pytest
-
-from sphinx.errors import ExtensionError
-from sphinx.util import encode_uri, ensuredir, import_object, parselinenos
-
-
-def test_encode_uri():
-    expected = ('https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_'
-                '%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_'
-                '%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85')
-    uri = ('https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki'
-           '/Система_управления_базами_данных')
-    assert expected == encode_uri(uri)
-
-    expected = ('https://github.com/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+is%3A'
-                'sprint-friendly+user%3Ajupyter&type=Issues&ref=searchresults')
-    uri = ('https://github.com/search?utf8=✓&q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+is%3A'
-           'sprint-friendly+user%3Ajupyter&type=Issues&ref=searchresults')
-    assert expected == encode_uri(uri)
-
-
-def test_ensuredir():
-    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp_path:
-        # Does not raise an exception for an existing directory.
-        ensuredir(tmp_path)
-
-        path = os.path.join(tmp_path, 'a', 'b', 'c')
-        ensuredir(path)
-        assert os.path.isdir(path)
-
-
-def test_import_object():
-    module = import_object('sphinx')
-    assert module.__name__ == 'sphinx'
-
-    module = import_object('sphinx.application')
-    assert module.__name__ == 'sphinx.application'
-
-    obj = import_object('sphinx.application.Sphinx')
-    assert obj.__name__ == 'Sphinx'
-
-    with pytest.raises(ExtensionError) as exc:
-        import_object('sphinx.unknown_module')
-    assert exc.value.args[0] == 'Could not import sphinx.unknown_module'
-
-    with pytest.raises(ExtensionError) as exc:
-        import_object('sphinx.unknown_module', 'my extension')
-    assert exc.value.args[0] == ('Could not import sphinx.unknown_module '
-                                 '(needed for my extension)')
-
-
-def test_parselinenos():
-    assert parselinenos('1,2,3', 10) == [0, 1, 2]
-    assert parselinenos('4, 5, 6', 10) == [3, 4, 5]
-    assert parselinenos('-4', 10) == [0, 1, 2, 3]
-    assert parselinenos('7-9', 10) == [6, 7, 8]
-    assert parselinenos('7-', 10) == [6, 7, 8, 9]
-    assert parselinenos('1,7-', 10) == [0, 6, 7, 8, 9]
-    assert parselinenos('7-7', 10) == [6]
-    assert parselinenos('11-', 10) == [10]
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="invalid line number spec: '1-2-3'"):
-        parselinenos('1-2-3', 10)
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="invalid line number spec: 'abc-def'"):
-        parselinenos('abc-def', 10)
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="invalid line number spec: '-'"):
-        parselinenos('-', 10)
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="invalid line number spec: '3-1'"):
-        parselinenos('3-1', 10)
diff --git a/tests/test_util/__init__.py b/tests/test_util/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/tests/test_util/intersphinx_data.py b/tests/test_util/intersphinx_data.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..042ee76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_util/intersphinx_data.py
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import zlib
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Final
+
+INVENTORY_V1: Final[bytes] = b'''\
+# Sphinx inventory version 1
+# Project: foo
+# Version: 1.0
+module mod foo.html
+module.cls class foo.html
+'''
+
+INVENTORY_V2: Final[bytes] = b'''\
+# Sphinx inventory version 2
+# Project: foo
+# Version: 2.0
+# The remainder of this file is compressed with zlib.
+''' + zlib.compress(b'''\
+module1 py:module 0 foo.html#module-module1 Long Module desc
+module2 py:module 0 foo.html#module-$ -
+module1.func py:function 1 sub/foo.html#$ -
+module1.Foo.bar py:method 1 index.html#foo.Bar.baz -
+CFunc c:function 2 cfunc.html#CFunc -
+std cpp:type 1 index.html#std -
+std::uint8_t cpp:type 1 index.html#std_uint8_t -
+foo::Bar cpp:class 1 index.html#cpp_foo_bar -
+foo::Bar::baz cpp:function 1 index.html#cpp_foo_bar_baz -
+foons cpp:type 1 index.html#foons -
+foons::bartype cpp:type 1 index.html#foons_bartype -
+a term std:term -1 glossary.html#term-a-term -
+ls.-l std:cmdoption 1 index.html#cmdoption-ls-l -
+docname std:doc -1 docname.html -
+foo js:module 1 index.html#foo -
+foo.bar js:class 1 index.html#foo.bar -
+foo.bar.baz js:method 1 index.html#foo.bar.baz -
+foo.bar.qux js:data 1 index.html#foo.bar.qux -
+a term including:colon std:term -1 glossary.html#term-a-term-including-colon -
+The-Julia-Domain std:label -1 write_inventory/#$ The Julia Domain
+''')
+
+INVENTORY_V2_NO_VERSION: Final[bytes] = b'''\
+# Sphinx inventory version 2
+# Project: foo
+# Version:
+# The remainder of this file is compressed with zlib.
+''' + zlib.compress(b'''\
+module1 py:module 0 foo.html#module-module1 Long Module desc
+''')
diff --git a/tests/test_util/test_util.py b/tests/test_util/test_util.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4389894
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_util/test_util.py
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+"""Tests util functions."""
+
+import os
+import tempfile
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.errors import ExtensionError
+from sphinx.util import encode_uri, ensuredir, import_object, parselinenos
+
+
+def test_encode_uri():
+    expected = ('https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_'
+                '%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_'
+                '%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85')
+    uri = ('https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki'
+           '/Система_управления_базами_данных')
+    assert expected == encode_uri(uri)
+
+    expected = ('https://github.com/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+is%3A'
+                'sprint-friendly+user%3Ajupyter&type=Issues&ref=searchresults')
+    uri = ('https://github.com/search?utf8=✓&q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+is%3A'
+           'sprint-friendly+user%3Ajupyter&type=Issues&ref=searchresults')
+    assert expected == encode_uri(uri)
+
+
+def test_ensuredir():
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp_path:
+        # Does not raise an exception for an existing directory.
+        ensuredir(tmp_path)
+
+        path = os.path.join(tmp_path, 'a', 'b', 'c')
+        ensuredir(path)
+        assert os.path.isdir(path)
+
+
+def test_import_object():
+    module = import_object('sphinx')
+    assert module.__name__ == 'sphinx'
+
+    module = import_object('sphinx.application')
+    assert module.__name__ == 'sphinx.application'
+
+    obj = import_object('sphinx.application.Sphinx')
+    assert obj.__name__ == 'Sphinx'
+
+    with pytest.raises(ExtensionError) as exc:
+        import_object('sphinx.unknown_module')
+    assert exc.value.args[0] == 'Could not import sphinx.unknown_module'
+
+    with pytest.raises(ExtensionError) as exc:
+        import_object('sphinx.unknown_module', 'my extension')
+    assert exc.value.args[0] == ('Could not import sphinx.unknown_module '
+                                 '(needed for my extension)')
+
+
+def test_parselinenos():
+    assert parselinenos('1,2,3', 10) == [0, 1, 2]
+    assert parselinenos('4, 5, 6', 10) == [3, 4, 5]
+    assert parselinenos('-4', 10) == [0, 1, 2, 3]
+    assert parselinenos('7-9', 10) == [6, 7, 8]
+    assert parselinenos('7-', 10) == [6, 7, 8, 9]
+    assert parselinenos('1,7-', 10) == [0, 6, 7, 8, 9]
+    assert parselinenos('7-7', 10) == [6]
+    assert parselinenos('11-', 10) == [10]
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="invalid line number spec: '1-2-3'"):
+        parselinenos('1-2-3', 10)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="invalid line number spec: 'abc-def'"):
+        parselinenos('abc-def', 10)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="invalid line number spec: '-'"):
+        parselinenos('-', 10)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="invalid line number spec: '3-1'"):
+        parselinenos('3-1', 10)
diff --git a/tests/test_util/test_util_console.py b/tests/test_util/test_util_console.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b617a33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_util/test_util_console.py
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import itertools
+import operator
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.util.console import blue, reset, strip_colors, strip_escape_sequences
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
+    from typing import Final, TypeVar
+
+    _T = TypeVar('_T')
+
+CURSOR_UP: Final[str] = '\x1b[2A'  # ignored ANSI code
+ERASE_LINE: Final[str] = '\x1b[2K'  # supported ANSI code
+TEXT: Final[str] = '\x07 Hello world!'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ('strip_function', 'ansi_base_blocks', 'text_base_blocks'),
+    [
+        (
+            strip_colors,
+            # double ERASE_LINE so that the tested strings may have 2 of them
+            [TEXT, blue(TEXT), reset(TEXT), ERASE_LINE, ERASE_LINE, CURSOR_UP],
+            # :func:`strip_colors` removes color codes but keeps ERASE_LINE and CURSOR_UP
+            [TEXT, TEXT, TEXT, ERASE_LINE, ERASE_LINE, CURSOR_UP],
+        ),
+        (
+            strip_escape_sequences,
+            # double ERASE_LINE so that the tested strings may have 2 of them
+            [TEXT, blue(TEXT), reset(TEXT), ERASE_LINE, ERASE_LINE, CURSOR_UP],
+            # :func:`strip_escape_sequences` strips ANSI codes known by Sphinx
+            [TEXT, TEXT, TEXT, '', '', CURSOR_UP],
+        ),
+    ],
+    ids=[strip_colors.__name__, strip_escape_sequences.__name__],
+)
+def test_strip_ansi(
+    strip_function: Callable[[str], str],
+    ansi_base_blocks: Sequence[str],
+    text_base_blocks: Sequence[str],
+) -> None:
+    assert callable(strip_function)
+    assert len(text_base_blocks) == len(ansi_base_blocks)
+    N = len(ansi_base_blocks)
+
+    def next_ansi_blocks(choices: Sequence[str], n: int) -> Sequence[str]:
+        # Get a list of *n* words from a cyclic sequence of *choices*.
+        #
+        # For instance ``next_ansi_blocks(['a', 'b'], 3) == ['a', 'b', 'a']``.
+        stream = itertools.cycle(choices)
+        return list(map(operator.itemgetter(0), zip(stream, range(n))))
+
+    # generate all permutations of length N
+    for sigma in itertools.permutations(range(N), N):
+        # apply the permutation on the blocks with ANSI codes
+        ansi_blocks = list(map(ansi_base_blocks.__getitem__, sigma))
+        # apply the permutation on the blocks with stripped codes
+        text_blocks = list(map(text_base_blocks.__getitem__, sigma))
+
+        for glue, n in itertools.product(['.', '\n', '\r\n'], range(4 * N)):
+            ansi_strings = next_ansi_blocks(ansi_blocks, n)
+            text_strings = next_ansi_blocks(text_blocks, n)
+            assert len(ansi_strings) == len(text_strings) == n
+
+            ansi_string = glue.join(ansi_strings)
+            text_string = glue.join(text_strings)
+            assert strip_function(ansi_string) == text_string
+
+
+def test_strip_ansi_short_forms():
+    # In Sphinx, we always "normalize" the color codes so that they
+    # match "\x1b\[(\d\d;){0,2}(\d\d)m" but it might happen that
+    # some messages use '\x1b[0m' instead of ``reset(s)``, so we
+    # test whether this alternative form is supported or not.
+
+    for strip_function in [strip_colors, strip_escape_sequences]:
+        # \x1b[m and \x1b[0m are equivalent to \x1b[00m
+        assert strip_function('\x1b[m') == ''
+        assert strip_function('\x1b[0m') == ''
+
+        # \x1b[1m is equivalent to \x1b[01m
+        assert strip_function('\x1b[1mbold\x1b[0m') == 'bold'
+
+    # \x1b[K is equivalent to \x1b[0K
+    assert strip_escape_sequences('\x1b[K') == ''
diff --git a/tests/test_util/test_util_display.py b/tests/test_util/test_util_display.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a18fa1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_util/test_util_display.py
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+"""Tests util functions."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.util import logging
+from sphinx.util.console import strip_colors
+from sphinx.util.display import (
+    SkipProgressMessage,
+    display_chunk,
+    progress_message,
+    status_iterator,
+)
+
+
+def test_display_chunk():
+    assert display_chunk('hello') == 'hello'
+    assert display_chunk(['hello']) == 'hello'
+    assert display_chunk(['hello', 'sphinx', 'world']) == 'hello .. world'
+    assert display_chunk(('hello',)) == 'hello'
+    assert display_chunk(('hello', 'sphinx', 'world')) == 'hello .. world'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy')
+def test_status_iterator_length_0(app, status, warning):
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+
+    # test for status_iterator (length=0)
+    status.seek(0)
+    status.truncate(0)
+    yields = list(status_iterator(['hello', 'sphinx', 'world'], 'testing ... '))
+    output = strip_colors(status.getvalue())
+    assert 'testing ... hello sphinx world \n' in output
+    assert yields == ['hello', 'sphinx', 'world']
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy')
+def test_status_iterator_verbosity_0(app, status, warning, monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setenv("FORCE_COLOR", "1")
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+
+    # test for status_iterator (verbosity=0)
+    status.seek(0)
+    status.truncate(0)
+    yields = list(status_iterator(['hello', 'sphinx', 'world'], 'testing ... ',
+                                  length=3, verbosity=0))
+    output = strip_colors(status.getvalue())
+    assert 'testing ... [ 33%] hello\r' in output
+    assert 'testing ... [ 67%] sphinx\r' in output
+    assert 'testing ... [100%] world\r\n' in output
+    assert yields == ['hello', 'sphinx', 'world']
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy')
+def test_status_iterator_verbosity_1(app, status, warning, monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setenv("FORCE_COLOR", "1")
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+
+    # test for status_iterator (verbosity=1)
+    status.seek(0)
+    status.truncate(0)
+    yields = list(status_iterator(['hello', 'sphinx', 'world'], 'testing ... ',
+                                  length=3, verbosity=1))
+    output = strip_colors(status.getvalue())
+    assert 'testing ... [ 33%] hello\n' in output
+    assert 'testing ... [ 67%] sphinx\n' in output
+    assert 'testing ... [100%] world\n\n' in output
+    assert yields == ['hello', 'sphinx', 'world']
+
+
+def test_progress_message(app, status, warning):
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    # standard case
+    with progress_message('testing'):
+        logger.info('blah ', nonl=True)
+
+    output = strip_colors(status.getvalue())
+    assert 'testing... blah done\n' in output
+
+    # skipping case
+    with progress_message('testing'):
+        raise SkipProgressMessage('Reason: %s', 'error')  # NoQA: EM101
+
+    output = strip_colors(status.getvalue())
+    assert 'testing... skipped\nReason: error\n' in output
+
+    # error case
+    try:
+        with progress_message('testing'):
+            raise
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+
+    output = strip_colors(status.getvalue())
+    assert 'testing... failed\n' in output
+
+    # decorator
+    @progress_message('testing')
+    def func():
+        logger.info('in func ', nonl=True)
+
+    func()
+    output = strip_colors(status.getvalue())
+    assert 'testing... in func done\n' in output
diff --git a/tests/test_util/test_util_docstrings.py b/tests/test_util/test_util_docstrings.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..813e84e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_util/test_util_docstrings.py
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+"""Test sphinx.util.docstrings."""
+
+from sphinx.util.docstrings import prepare_commentdoc, prepare_docstring, separate_metadata
+
+
+def test_separate_metadata():
+    # metadata only
+    text = (":meta foo: bar\n"
+            ":meta baz:\n")
+    docstring, metadata = separate_metadata(text)
+    assert docstring == ''
+    assert metadata == {'foo': 'bar', 'baz': ''}
+
+    # non metadata field list item
+    text = (":meta foo: bar\n"
+            ":param baz:\n")
+    docstring, metadata = separate_metadata(text)
+    assert docstring == ':param baz:\n'
+    assert metadata == {'foo': 'bar'}
+
+    # field_list like text following just after paragraph is not a field_list
+    text = ("blah blah blah\n"
+            ":meta foo: bar\n"
+            ":meta baz:\n")
+    docstring, metadata = separate_metadata(text)
+    assert docstring == text
+    assert metadata == {}
+
+    # field_list like text following after blank line is a field_list
+    text = ("blah blah blah\n"
+            "\n"
+            ":meta foo: bar\n"
+            ":meta baz:\n")
+    docstring, metadata = separate_metadata(text)
+    assert docstring == "blah blah blah\n\n"
+    assert metadata == {'foo': 'bar', 'baz': ''}
+
+    # non field_list item breaks field_list
+    text = (":meta foo: bar\n"
+            "blah blah blah\n"
+            ":meta baz:\n")
+    docstring, metadata = separate_metadata(text)
+    assert docstring == ("blah blah blah\n"
+                         ":meta baz:\n")
+    assert metadata == {'foo': 'bar'}
+
+
+def test_prepare_docstring():
+    docstring = """multiline docstring
+
+                Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit,
+                sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna
+                aliqua::
+
+                  Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation
+                    ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
+                """
+
+    assert (prepare_docstring(docstring) ==
+            ["multiline docstring",
+             "",
+             "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit,",
+             "sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna",
+             "aliqua::",
+             "",
+             "  Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation",
+             "    ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.",
+             ""])
+
+    docstring = """
+
+                multiline docstring with leading empty lines
+                """
+    assert (prepare_docstring(docstring) ==
+            ["multiline docstring with leading empty lines",
+             ""])
+
+    docstring = "single line docstring"
+    assert (prepare_docstring(docstring) ==
+            ["single line docstring",
+             ""])
+
+
+def test_prepare_commentdoc():
+    assert prepare_commentdoc("hello world") == []
+    assert prepare_commentdoc("#: hello world") == ["hello world", ""]
+    assert prepare_commentdoc("#:  hello world") == [" hello world", ""]
+    assert prepare_commentdoc("#: hello\n#: world\n") == ["hello", "world", ""]
diff --git a/tests/test_util/test_util_docutils.py b/tests/test_util/test_util_docutils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69999eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_util/test_util_docutils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+"""Tests util.utils functions."""
+
+import os
+
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx.util.docutils import (
+    SphinxFileOutput,
+    SphinxTranslator,
+    docutils_namespace,
+    new_document,
+    register_node,
+)
+
+
+def test_register_node():
+    class custom_node(nodes.Element):
+        pass
+
+    with docutils_namespace():
+        register_node(custom_node)
+
+        # check registered
+        assert hasattr(nodes.GenericNodeVisitor, 'visit_custom_node')
+        assert hasattr(nodes.GenericNodeVisitor, 'depart_custom_node')
+        assert hasattr(nodes.SparseNodeVisitor, 'visit_custom_node')
+        assert hasattr(nodes.SparseNodeVisitor, 'depart_custom_node')
+
+    # check unregistered outside namespace
+    assert not hasattr(nodes.GenericNodeVisitor, 'visit_custom_node')
+    assert not hasattr(nodes.GenericNodeVisitor, 'depart_custom_node')
+    assert not hasattr(nodes.SparseNodeVisitor, 'visit_custom_node')
+    assert not hasattr(nodes.SparseNodeVisitor, 'depart_custom_node')
+
+
+def test_SphinxFileOutput(tmpdir):
+    content = 'Hello Sphinx World'
+
+    # write test.txt at first
+    filename = str(tmpdir / 'test.txt')
+    output = SphinxFileOutput(destination_path=filename)
+    output.write(content)
+    os.utime(filename, (0, 0))
+
+    # overwrite it again
+    output.write(content)
+    assert os.stat(filename).st_mtime != 0  # updated
+
+    # write test2.txt at first
+    filename = str(tmpdir / 'test2.txt')
+    output = SphinxFileOutput(destination_path=filename, overwrite_if_changed=True)
+    output.write(content)
+    os.utime(filename, (0, 0))
+
+    # overwrite it again
+    output.write(content)
+    assert os.stat(filename).st_mtime == 0  # not updated
+
+    # overwrite it again (content changed)
+    output.write(content + "; content change")
+    assert os.stat(filename).st_mtime != 0  # updated
+
+
+def test_SphinxTranslator(app):
+    class CustomNode(nodes.inline):
+        pass
+
+    class MyTranslator(SphinxTranslator):
+        def __init__(self, *args):
+            self.called = []
+            super().__init__(*args)
+
+        def visit_document(self, node):
+            pass
+
+        def depart_document(self, node):
+            pass
+
+        def visit_inline(self, node):
+            self.called.append('visit_inline')
+
+        def depart_inline(self, node):
+            self.called.append('depart_inline')
+
+    document = new_document('')
+    document += CustomNode()
+
+    translator = MyTranslator(document, app.builder)
+    document.walkabout(translator)
+
+    # MyTranslator does not have visit_CustomNode. But it calls visit_inline instead.
+    assert translator.called == ['visit_inline', 'depart_inline']
diff --git a/tests/test_util/test_util_fileutil.py b/tests/test_util/test_util_fileutil.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c23821
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_util/test_util_fileutil.py
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+"""Tests sphinx.util.fileutil functions."""
+
+from unittest import mock
+
+from sphinx.jinja2glue import BuiltinTemplateLoader
+from sphinx.util.fileutil import copy_asset, copy_asset_file
+
+
+class DummyTemplateLoader(BuiltinTemplateLoader):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        builder = mock.Mock()
+        builder.config.templates_path = []
+        builder.app.translator = None
+        self.init(builder)
+
+
+def test_copy_asset_file(tmp_path):
+    renderer = DummyTemplateLoader()
+
+    # copy normal file
+    src = (tmp_path / 'asset.txt')
+    src.write_text('# test data', encoding='utf8')
+    dest = (tmp_path / 'output.txt')
+
+    copy_asset_file(src, dest)
+    assert dest.exists()
+    assert src.read_text(encoding='utf8') == dest.read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # copy template file
+    src = (tmp_path / 'asset.txt_t')
+    src.write_text('# {{var1}} data', encoding='utf8')
+    dest = (tmp_path / 'output.txt_t')
+
+    copy_asset_file(str(src), str(dest), {'var1': 'template'}, renderer)
+    assert not dest.exists()
+    assert (tmp_path / 'output.txt').exists()
+    assert (tmp_path / 'output.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8') == '# template data'
+
+    # copy template file to subdir
+    src = (tmp_path / 'asset.txt_t')
+    src.write_text('# {{var1}} data', encoding='utf8')
+    subdir1 = (tmp_path / 'subdir')
+    subdir1.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    copy_asset_file(src, subdir1, {'var1': 'template'}, renderer)
+    assert (subdir1 / 'asset.txt').exists()
+    assert (subdir1 / 'asset.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8') == '# template data'
+
+    # copy template file without context
+    src = (tmp_path / 'asset.txt_t')
+    subdir2 = (tmp_path / 'subdir2')
+    subdir2.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    copy_asset_file(src, subdir2)
+    assert not (subdir2 / 'asset.txt').exists()
+    assert (subdir2 / 'asset.txt_t').exists()
+    assert (subdir2 / 'asset.txt_t').read_text(encoding='utf8') == '# {{var1}} data'
+
+
+def test_copy_asset(tmp_path):
+    renderer = DummyTemplateLoader()
+
+    # prepare source files
+    source = (tmp_path / 'source')
+    source.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (source / 'index.rst').write_text('index.rst', encoding='utf8')
+    (source / 'foo.rst_t').write_text('{{var1}}.rst', encoding='utf8')
+    (source / '_static').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (source / '_static' / 'basic.css').write_text('basic.css', encoding='utf8')
+    (source / '_templates').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (source / '_templates' / 'layout.html').write_text('layout.html', encoding='utf8')
+    (source / '_templates' / 'sidebar.html_t').write_text('sidebar: {{var2}}', encoding='utf8')
+
+    # copy a single file
+    assert not (tmp_path / 'test1').exists()
+    copy_asset(source / 'index.rst', tmp_path / 'test1')
+    assert (tmp_path / 'test1').exists()
+    assert (tmp_path / 'test1/index.rst').exists()
+
+    # copy directories
+    destdir = tmp_path / 'test2'
+    copy_asset(source, destdir, context={'var1': 'bar', 'var2': 'baz'}, renderer=renderer)
+    assert (destdir / 'index.rst').exists()
+    assert (destdir / 'foo.rst').exists()
+    assert (destdir / 'foo.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8') == 'bar.rst'
+    assert (destdir / '_static' / 'basic.css').exists()
+    assert (destdir / '_templates' / 'layout.html').exists()
+    assert (destdir / '_templates' / 'sidebar.html').exists()
+    assert (destdir / '_templates' / 'sidebar.html').read_text(encoding='utf8') == 'sidebar: baz'
+
+    # copy with exclusion
+    def excluded(path):
+        return ('sidebar.html' in path or 'basic.css' in path)
+
+    destdir = tmp_path / 'test3'
+    copy_asset(source, destdir, excluded,
+               context={'var1': 'bar', 'var2': 'baz'}, renderer=renderer)
+    assert (destdir / 'index.rst').exists()
+    assert (destdir / 'foo.rst').exists()
+    assert not (destdir / '_static' / 'basic.css').exists()
+    assert (destdir / '_templates' / 'layout.html').exists()
+    assert not (destdir / '_templates' / 'sidebar.html').exists()
diff --git a/tests/test_util/test_util_i18n.py b/tests/test_util/test_util_i18n.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6baa04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_util/test_util_i18n.py
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+"""Test i18n util."""
+
+import datetime
+import os
+
+import babel
+import pytest
+from babel.messages.mofile import read_mo
+
+from sphinx.errors import SphinxError
+from sphinx.util import i18n
+
+BABEL_VERSION = tuple(map(int, babel.__version__.split('.')))
+
+
+def test_catalog_info_for_file_and_path():
+    cat = i18n.CatalogInfo('path', 'domain', 'utf-8')
+    assert cat.po_file == 'domain.po'
+    assert cat.mo_file == 'domain.mo'
+    assert cat.po_path == os.path.join('path', 'domain.po')
+    assert cat.mo_path == os.path.join('path', 'domain.mo')
+
+
+def test_catalog_info_for_sub_domain_file_and_path():
+    cat = i18n.CatalogInfo('path', 'sub/domain', 'utf-8')
+    assert cat.po_file == 'sub/domain.po'
+    assert cat.mo_file == 'sub/domain.mo'
+    assert cat.po_path == os.path.join('path', 'sub/domain.po')
+    assert cat.mo_path == os.path.join('path', 'sub/domain.mo')
+
+
+def test_catalog_outdated(tmp_path):
+    (tmp_path / 'test.po').write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
+    cat = i18n.CatalogInfo(tmp_path, 'test', 'utf-8')
+    assert cat.is_outdated()  # if mo is not exist
+
+    mo_file = (tmp_path / 'test.mo')
+    mo_file.write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
+    assert not cat.is_outdated()  # if mo is exist and newer than po
+
+    os.utime(mo_file, (os.stat(mo_file).st_mtime - 10,) * 2)  # to be outdate
+    assert cat.is_outdated()  # if mo is exist and older than po
+
+
+def test_catalog_write_mo(tmp_path):
+    (tmp_path / 'test.po').write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
+    cat = i18n.CatalogInfo(tmp_path, 'test', 'utf-8')
+    cat.write_mo('en')
+    assert os.path.exists(cat.mo_path)
+    with open(cat.mo_path, 'rb') as f:
+        assert read_mo(f) is not None
+
+
+def test_format_date():
+    date = datetime.date(2016, 2, 7)
+
+    # strftime format
+    format = '%B %d, %Y'
+    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=date, language='') == 'February 07, 2016'
+    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=date, language='unknown') == 'February 07, 2016'
+    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=date, language='en') == 'February 07, 2016'
+    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=date, language='ja') == '2月 07, 2016'
+    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=date, language='de') == 'Februar 07, 2016'
+
+    # raw string
+    format = 'Mon Mar 28 12:37:08 2016, commit 4367aef'
+    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=date, language='en') == format
+
+    format = '%B %d, %Y, %H:%M:%S %I %p'
+    datet = datetime.datetime(2016, 2, 7, 5, 11, 17, 0)  # NoQA: DTZ001
+    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=datet, language='en') == 'February 07, 2016, 05:11:17 05 AM'
+
+    format = '%B %-d, %Y, %-H:%-M:%-S %-I %p'
+    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=datet, language='en') == 'February 7, 2016, 5:11:17 5 AM'
+    format = '%x'
+    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=datet, language='en') == 'Feb 7, 2016'
+    format = '%X'
+    if BABEL_VERSION >= (2, 12):
+        assert i18n.format_date(format, date=datet, language='en') == '5:11:17\u202fAM'
+    else:
+        assert i18n.format_date(format, date=datet, language='en') == '5:11:17 AM'
+    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=date, language='en') == 'Feb 7, 2016'
+    format = '%c'
+    if BABEL_VERSION >= (2, 12):
+        assert i18n.format_date(format, date=datet, language='en') == 'Feb 7, 2016, 5:11:17\u202fAM'
+    else:
+        assert i18n.format_date(format, date=datet, language='en') == 'Feb 7, 2016, 5:11:17 AM'
+    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=date, language='en') == 'Feb 7, 2016'
+
+    # timezone
+    format = '%Z'
+    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=datet, language='en') == 'UTC'
+    format = '%z'
+    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=datet, language='en') == '+0000'
+
+
+def test_get_filename_for_language(app):
+    app.env.temp_data['docname'] = 'index'
+
+    # language is en
+    app.env.config.language = 'en'
+    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('foo.png', app.env) == 'foo.en.png'
+    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('foo.bar.png', app.env) == 'foo.bar.en.png'
+    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('dir/foo.png', app.env) == 'dir/foo.en.png'
+    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('../foo.png', app.env) == '../foo.en.png'
+    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('foo', app.env) == 'foo.en'
+
+    # modify figure_language_filename and language is 'en'
+    app.env.config.language = 'en'
+    app.env.config.figure_language_filename = 'images/{language}/{root}{ext}'
+    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('foo.png', app.env) == 'images/en/foo.png'
+    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language(
+        'foo.bar.png', app.env) == 'images/en/foo.bar.png'
+    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language(
+        'subdir/foo.png', app.env) == 'images/en/subdir/foo.png'
+    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language(
+        '../foo.png', app.env) == 'images/en/../foo.png'
+    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('foo', app.env) == 'images/en/foo'
+
+    # new path and basename tokens
+    app.env.config.language = 'en'
+    app.env.config.figure_language_filename = '{path}{language}/{basename}{ext}'
+    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('foo.png', app.env) == 'en/foo.png'
+    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language(
+        'foo.bar.png', app.env) == 'en/foo.bar.png'
+    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language(
+        'subdir/foo.png', app.env) == 'subdir/en/foo.png'
+    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language(
+        '../foo.png', app.env) == '../en/foo.png'
+    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('foo', app.env) == 'en/foo'
+
+    # invalid figure_language_filename
+    app.env.config.figure_language_filename = '{root}.{invalid}{ext}'
+    with pytest.raises(SphinxError):
+        i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('foo.png', app.env)
+
+    # docpath (for a document in the top of source directory)
+    app.env.config.language = 'en'
+    app.env.config.figure_language_filename = '/{docpath}{language}/{basename}{ext}'
+    assert (i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('foo.png', app.env) ==
+            '/en/foo.png')
+
+    # docpath (for a document in the sub directory)
+    app.env.temp_data['docname'] = 'subdir/index'
+    assert (i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('foo.png', app.env) ==
+            '/subdir/en/foo.png')
+
+
+def test_CatalogRepository(tmp_path):
+    (tmp_path / 'loc1' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (tmp_path / 'loc1' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'test1.po').write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
+    (tmp_path / 'loc1' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'test2.po').write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
+    (tmp_path / 'loc1' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'sub').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (tmp_path / 'loc1' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'sub' / 'test3.po').write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
+    (tmp_path / 'loc1' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'sub' / 'test4.po').write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
+    (tmp_path / 'loc1' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / '.dotdir').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (tmp_path / 'loc1' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / '.dotdir' / 'test5.po').write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
+    (tmp_path / 'loc1' / 'yy' / 'LC_MESSAGES').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (tmp_path / 'loc1' / 'yy' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'test6.po').write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
+    (tmp_path / 'loc2' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (tmp_path / 'loc2' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'test1.po').write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
+    (tmp_path / 'loc2' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'test7.po').write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
+    (tmp_path / 'loc1' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / '.dotdir2').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (tmp_path / 'loc1' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / '.dotdir2' / 'test8.po').write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
+
+    # for language xx
+    repo = i18n.CatalogRepository(tmp_path, ['loc1', 'loc2'], 'xx', 'utf-8')
+    assert list(repo.locale_dirs) == [str(tmp_path / 'loc1'),
+                                      str(tmp_path / 'loc2')]
+    assert all(isinstance(c, i18n.CatalogInfo) for c in repo.catalogs)
+    assert sorted(c.domain for c in repo.catalogs) == ['sub/test3', 'sub/test4',
+                                                       'test1', 'test1', 'test2', 'test7']
+
+    # for language yy
+    repo = i18n.CatalogRepository(tmp_path, ['loc1', 'loc2'], 'yy', 'utf-8')
+    assert sorted(c.domain for c in repo.catalogs) == ['test6']
+
+    # unknown languages
+    repo = i18n.CatalogRepository(tmp_path, ['loc1', 'loc2'], 'zz', 'utf-8')
+    assert sorted(c.domain for c in repo.catalogs) == []
+
+    # no languages
+    repo = i18n.CatalogRepository(tmp_path, ['loc1', 'loc2'], None, 'utf-8')
+    assert sorted(c.domain for c in repo.catalogs) == []
+
+    # unknown locale_dirs
+    repo = i18n.CatalogRepository(tmp_path, ['loc3'], None, 'utf-8')
+    assert sorted(c.domain for c in repo.catalogs) == []
+
+    # no locale_dirs
+    repo = i18n.CatalogRepository(tmp_path, [], None, 'utf-8')
+    assert sorted(c.domain for c in repo.catalogs) == []
diff --git a/tests/test_util/test_util_images.py b/tests/test_util/test_util_images.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15853c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_util/test_util_images.py
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+"""Test images util."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.util.images import (
+    get_image_extension,
+    get_image_size,
+    guess_mimetype,
+    parse_data_uri,
+)
+
+GIF_FILENAME = 'img.gif'
+PNG_FILENAME = 'img.png'
+PDF_FILENAME = 'img.pdf'
+TXT_FILENAME = 'index.txt'
+
+
+def test_get_image_size(rootdir):
+    assert get_image_size(rootdir / 'test-root' / GIF_FILENAME) == (200, 181)
+    assert get_image_size(rootdir / 'test-root' / PNG_FILENAME) == (200, 181)
+    assert get_image_size(rootdir / 'test-root' / PDF_FILENAME) is None
+    assert get_image_size(rootdir / 'test-root' / TXT_FILENAME) is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.filterwarnings('ignore:The content argument')
+def test_guess_mimetype():
+    # guess by filename
+    assert guess_mimetype('img.png') == 'image/png'
+    assert guess_mimetype('img.jpg') == 'image/jpeg'
+    assert guess_mimetype('img.txt') is None
+    assert guess_mimetype('img.txt', default='text/plain') == 'text/plain'
+    assert guess_mimetype('no_extension') is None
+    assert guess_mimetype('IMG.PNG') == 'image/png'
+
+    # default parameter is used when no extension
+    assert guess_mimetype('img.png', 'text/plain') == 'image/png'
+    assert guess_mimetype('no_extension', 'text/plain') == 'text/plain'
+
+
+def test_get_image_extension():
+    assert get_image_extension('image/png') == '.png'
+    assert get_image_extension('image/jpeg') == '.jpg'
+    assert get_image_extension('image/svg+xml') == '.svg'
+    assert get_image_extension('text/plain') is None
+
+
+def test_parse_data_uri():
+    # standard case
+    uri = ("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4"
+           "//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==")
+    image = parse_data_uri(uri)
+    assert image is not None
+    assert image.mimetype == 'image/png'
+    assert image.charset == 'US-ASCII'
+
+    # no mimetype
+    uri = ("data:charset=utf-8,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElE"
+           "QVQI12P4//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==")
+    image = parse_data_uri(uri)
+    assert image is not None
+    assert image.mimetype == 'text/plain'
+    assert image.charset == 'utf-8'
+
+    # non data URI
+    uri = ("image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4"
+           "//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==")
+    image = parse_data_uri(uri)
+    assert image is None
+
+    # invalid data URI (no properties)
+    uri = ("data:iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4"
+           "//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==")
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r'not enough values to unpack \(expected 2, got 1\)'):
+        parse_data_uri(uri)
diff --git a/tests/test_util/test_util_inspect.py b/tests/test_util/test_util_inspect.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32840b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_util/test_util_inspect.py
@@ -0,0 +1,853 @@
+"""Tests util.inspect functions."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ast
+import datetime
+import enum
+import functools
+import sys
+import types
+from inspect import Parameter
+from typing import Callable, List, Optional, Union  # NoQA: UP035
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.util import inspect
+from sphinx.util.inspect import TypeAliasForwardRef, TypeAliasNamespace, stringify_signature
+from sphinx.util.typing import stringify_annotation
+
+
+class Base:
+    def meth(self):
+        pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def staticmeth():
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    def classmeth(cls):
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    def prop(self):
+        pass
+
+    partialmeth = functools.partialmethod(meth)
+
+    async def coroutinemeth(self):
+        pass
+
+    partial_coroutinemeth = functools.partialmethod(coroutinemeth)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def coroutineclassmeth(cls):
+        """A documented coroutine classmethod"""
+        pass
+
+
+class Inherited(Base):
+    pass
+
+
+def func():
+    pass
+
+
+async def coroutinefunc():
+    pass
+
+
+async def asyncgenerator():
+    yield
+
+
+partial_func = functools.partial(func)
+partial_coroutinefunc = functools.partial(coroutinefunc)
+
+builtin_func = print
+partial_builtin_func = functools.partial(print)
+
+
+class Descriptor:
+    def __get__(self, obj, typ=None):
+        pass
+
+
+class _Callable:
+    def __call__(self):
+        pass
+
+
+def _decorator(f):
+    @functools.wraps(f)
+    def wrapper():
+        return f()
+    return wrapper
+
+
+def test_TypeAliasForwardRef():
+    alias = TypeAliasForwardRef('example')
+    assert stringify_annotation(alias, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == 'example'
+
+    alias = Optional[alias]
+    assert stringify_annotation(alias, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == 'example | None'
+
+
+def test_TypeAliasNamespace():
+    import logging.config
+    type_alias = TypeAliasNamespace({'logging.Filter': 'MyFilter',
+                                     'logging.Handler': 'MyHandler',
+                                     'logging.handlers.SyslogHandler': 'MySyslogHandler'})
+
+    assert type_alias['logging'].Filter == 'MyFilter'
+    assert type_alias['logging'].Handler == 'MyHandler'
+    assert type_alias['logging'].handlers.SyslogHandler == 'MySyslogHandler'
+    assert type_alias['logging'].Logger == logging.Logger
+    assert type_alias['logging'].config == logging.config
+
+    with pytest.raises(KeyError):
+        assert type_alias['log']
+
+    with pytest.raises(KeyError):
+        assert type_alias['unknown']
+
+
+def test_signature():
+    # literals
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        inspect.signature(1)
+
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        inspect.signature('')
+
+    # builtins are supported on a case-by-case basis, depending on whether
+    # they define __text_signature__
+    if getattr(list, '__text_signature__', None):
+        sig = inspect.stringify_signature(inspect.signature(list))
+        assert sig == '(iterable=(), /)'
+    else:
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='no signature found for builtin type'):
+            inspect.signature(list)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='no signature found for builtin type'):
+        inspect.signature(range)
+
+    # normal function
+    def func(a, b, c=1, d=2, *e, **f):
+        pass
+
+    sig = inspect.stringify_signature(inspect.signature(func))
+    assert sig == '(a, b, c=1, d=2, *e, **f)'
+
+
+def test_signature_partial():
+    def fun(a, b, c=1, d=2):
+        pass
+    p = functools.partial(fun, 10, c=11)
+
+    sig = inspect.signature(p)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(b, *, c=11, d=2)'
+
+
+def test_signature_methods():
+    class Foo:
+        def meth1(self, arg1, **kwargs):
+            pass
+
+        @classmethod
+        def meth2(cls, arg1, *args, **kwargs):
+            pass
+
+        @staticmethod
+        def meth3(arg1, *args, **kwargs):
+            pass
+
+    @functools.wraps(Foo().meth1)
+    def wrapped_bound_method(*args, **kwargs):
+        pass
+
+    # unbound method
+    sig = inspect.signature(Foo.meth1)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(self, arg1, **kwargs)'
+
+    sig = inspect.signature(Foo.meth1, bound_method=True)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg1, **kwargs)'
+
+    # bound method
+    sig = inspect.signature(Foo().meth1)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg1, **kwargs)'
+
+    # class method
+    sig = inspect.signature(Foo.meth2)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg1, *args, **kwargs)'
+
+    sig = inspect.signature(Foo().meth2)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg1, *args, **kwargs)'
+
+    # static method
+    sig = inspect.signature(Foo.meth3)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg1, *args, **kwargs)'
+
+    sig = inspect.signature(Foo().meth3)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg1, *args, **kwargs)'
+
+    # wrapped bound method
+    sig = inspect.signature(wrapped_bound_method)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg1, **kwargs)'
+
+
+def test_signature_partialmethod():
+    from functools import partialmethod
+
+    class Foo:
+        def meth1(self, arg1, arg2, arg3=None, arg4=None):
+            pass
+
+        def meth2(self, arg1, arg2):
+            pass
+
+        foo = partialmethod(meth1, 1, 2)
+        bar = partialmethod(meth1, 1, arg3=3)
+        baz = partialmethod(meth2, 1, 2)
+
+    subject = Foo()
+    sig = inspect.signature(subject.foo)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg3=None, arg4=None)'
+
+    sig = inspect.signature(subject.bar)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg2, *, arg3=3, arg4=None)'
+
+    sig = inspect.signature(subject.baz)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '()'
+
+
+def test_signature_annotations():
+    import tests.test_util.typing_test_data as mod
+
+    # Class annotations
+    sig = inspect.signature(mod.f0)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: int, y: numbers.Integral) -> None'
+
+    # Generic types with concrete parameters
+    sig = inspect.signature(mod.f1)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: list[int]) -> typing.List[int]'
+
+    # TypeVars and generic types with TypeVars
+    sig = inspect.signature(mod.f2)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == ('(x: typing.List[tests.test_util.typing_test_data.T],'
+                                        ' y: typing.List[tests.test_util.typing_test_data.T_co],'
+                                        ' z: tests.test_util.typing_test_data.T'
+                                        ') -> typing.List[tests.test_util.typing_test_data.T_contra]')
+
+    # Union types
+    sig = inspect.signature(mod.f3)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: str | numbers.Integral) -> None'
+
+    # Quoted annotations
+    sig = inspect.signature(mod.f4)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: str, y: str) -> None'
+
+    # Keyword-only arguments
+    sig = inspect.signature(mod.f5)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: int, *, y: str, z: str) -> None'
+
+    # Keyword-only arguments with varargs
+    sig = inspect.signature(mod.f6)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: int, *args, y: str, z: str) -> None'
+
+    # Space around '=' for defaults
+    sig = inspect.signature(mod.f7)
+    if sys.version_info[:2] <= (3, 10):
+        assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: int | None = None, y: dict = {}) -> None'
+    else:
+        assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: int = None, y: dict = {}) -> None'
+
+    # Callable types
+    sig = inspect.signature(mod.f8)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: typing.Callable[[int, str], int]) -> None'
+
+    sig = inspect.signature(mod.f9)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: typing.Callable) -> None'
+
+    # Tuple types
+    sig = inspect.signature(mod.f10)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: typing.Tuple[int, str], y: typing.Tuple[int, ...]) -> None'
+
+    # Instance annotations
+    sig = inspect.signature(mod.f11)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: CustomAnnotation, y: 123) -> None'
+
+    # tuple with more than two items
+    sig = inspect.signature(mod.f12)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '() -> typing.Tuple[int, str, int]'
+
+    # optional
+    sig = inspect.signature(mod.f13)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '() -> str | None'
+
+    # optional union
+    sig = inspect.signature(mod.f20)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) in ('() -> int | str | None',
+                                        '() -> str | int | None')
+
+    # Any
+    sig = inspect.signature(mod.f14)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '() -> typing.Any'
+
+    # ForwardRef
+    sig = inspect.signature(mod.f15)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: Unknown, y: int) -> typing.Any'
+
+    # keyword only arguments (1)
+    sig = inspect.signature(mod.f16)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg1, arg2, *, arg3=None, arg4=None)'
+
+    # keyword only arguments (2)
+    sig = inspect.signature(mod.f17)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(*, arg3, arg4)'
+
+    sig = inspect.signature(mod.f18)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == ('(self, arg1: int | typing.Tuple = 10) -> '
+                                        'typing.List[typing.Dict]')
+
+    # annotations for variadic and keyword parameters
+    sig = inspect.signature(mod.f19)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(*args: int, **kwargs: str)'
+
+    # default value is inspect.Signature.empty
+    sig = inspect.signature(mod.f21)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == "(arg1='whatever', arg2)"
+
+    # type hints by string
+    sig = inspect.signature(mod.Node.children)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(self) -> typing.List[tests.test_util.typing_test_data.Node]'
+
+    sig = inspect.signature(mod.Node.__init__)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(self, parent: tests.test_util.typing_test_data.Node | None) -> None'
+
+    # show_annotation is False
+    sig = inspect.signature(mod.f7)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig, show_annotation=False) == '(x=None, y={})'
+
+    # show_return_annotation is False
+    sig = inspect.signature(mod.f7)
+    if sys.version_info[:2] <= (3, 10):
+        assert stringify_signature(sig, show_return_annotation=False) == '(x: int | None = None, y: dict = {})'
+    else:
+        assert stringify_signature(sig, show_return_annotation=False) == '(x: int = None, y: dict = {})'
+
+    # unqualified_typehints is True
+    sig = inspect.signature(mod.f7)
+    if sys.version_info[:2] <= (3, 10):
+        assert stringify_signature(sig, unqualified_typehints=True) == '(x: int | None = None, y: dict = {}) -> None'
+    else:
+        assert stringify_signature(sig, unqualified_typehints=True) == '(x: int = None, y: dict = {}) -> None'
+
+    # case: separator at head
+    sig = inspect.signature(mod.f22)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(*, a, b)'
+
+    # case: separator in the middle
+    sig = inspect.signature(mod.f23)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(a, b, /, c, d)'
+
+    sig = inspect.signature(mod.f24)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(a, /, *, b)'
+
+    # case: separator at tail
+    sig = inspect.signature(mod.f25)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(a, b, /)'
+
+
+def test_signature_from_str_basic():
+    signature = '(a, b, *args, c=0, d="blah", **kwargs)'
+    sig = inspect.signature_from_str(signature)
+    assert list(sig.parameters.keys()) == ['a', 'b', 'args', 'c', 'd', 'kwargs']
+    assert sig.parameters['a'].name == 'a'
+    assert sig.parameters['a'].kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD
+    assert sig.parameters['a'].default == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['a'].annotation == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['b'].name == 'b'
+    assert sig.parameters['b'].kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD
+    assert sig.parameters['b'].default == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['b'].annotation == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['args'].name == 'args'
+    assert sig.parameters['args'].kind == Parameter.VAR_POSITIONAL
+    assert sig.parameters['args'].default == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['args'].annotation == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['c'].name == 'c'
+    assert sig.parameters['c'].kind == Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY
+    assert sig.parameters['c'].default == '0'
+    assert sig.parameters['c'].annotation == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['d'].name == 'd'
+    assert sig.parameters['d'].kind == Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY
+    assert sig.parameters['d'].default == "'blah'"
+    assert sig.parameters['d'].annotation == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['kwargs'].name == 'kwargs'
+    assert sig.parameters['kwargs'].kind == Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD
+    assert sig.parameters['kwargs'].default == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['kwargs'].annotation == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.return_annotation == Parameter.empty
+
+
+def test_signature_from_str_default_values():
+    signature = ('(a=0, b=0.0, c="str", d=b"bytes", e=..., f=True, '
+                 'g=[1, 2, 3], h={"a": 1}, i={1, 2, 3}, '
+                 'j=lambda x, y: None, k=None, l=object(), m=foo.bar.CONSTANT)')
+    sig = inspect.signature_from_str(signature)
+    assert sig.parameters['a'].default == '0'
+    assert sig.parameters['b'].default == '0.0'
+    assert sig.parameters['c'].default == "'str'"
+    assert sig.parameters['d'].default == "b'bytes'"
+    assert sig.parameters['e'].default == '...'
+    assert sig.parameters['f'].default == 'True'
+    assert sig.parameters['g'].default == '[1, 2, 3]'
+    assert sig.parameters['h'].default == "{'a': 1}"
+    assert sig.parameters['i'].default == '{1, 2, 3}'
+    assert sig.parameters['j'].default == 'lambda x, y: ...'
+    assert sig.parameters['k'].default == 'None'
+    assert sig.parameters['l'].default == 'object()'
+    assert sig.parameters['m'].default == 'foo.bar.CONSTANT'
+
+
+def test_signature_from_str_annotations():
+    signature = '(a: int, *args: bytes, b: str = "blah", **kwargs: float) -> None'
+    sig = inspect.signature_from_str(signature)
+    assert list(sig.parameters.keys()) == ['a', 'args', 'b', 'kwargs']
+    assert sig.parameters['a'].annotation == "int"
+    assert sig.parameters['args'].annotation == "bytes"
+    assert sig.parameters['b'].annotation == "str"
+    assert sig.parameters['kwargs'].annotation == "float"
+    assert sig.return_annotation == 'None'
+
+
+def test_signature_from_str_complex_annotations():
+    sig = inspect.signature_from_str('() -> Tuple[str, int, ...]')
+    assert sig.return_annotation == 'Tuple[str, int, ...]'
+
+    sig = inspect.signature_from_str('() -> Callable[[int, int], int]')
+    assert sig.return_annotation == 'Callable[[int, int], int]'
+
+
+def test_signature_from_str_kwonly_args():
+    sig = inspect.signature_from_str('(a, *, b)')
+    assert list(sig.parameters.keys()) == ['a', 'b']
+    assert sig.parameters['a'].kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD
+    assert sig.parameters['a'].default == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['b'].kind == Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY
+    assert sig.parameters['b'].default == Parameter.empty
+
+
+def test_signature_from_str_positionaly_only_args():
+    sig = inspect.signature_from_str('(a, b=0, /, c=1)')
+    assert list(sig.parameters.keys()) == ['a', 'b', 'c']
+    assert sig.parameters['a'].kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY
+    assert sig.parameters['a'].default == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['b'].kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY
+    assert sig.parameters['b'].default == '0'
+    assert sig.parameters['c'].kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD
+    assert sig.parameters['c'].default == '1'
+
+
+def test_signature_from_str_invalid():
+    with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
+        inspect.signature_from_str('')
+
+
+def test_signature_from_ast():
+    signature = 'def func(a, b, *args, c=0, d="blah", **kwargs): pass'
+    tree = ast.parse(signature)
+    sig = inspect.signature_from_ast(tree.body[0])
+    assert list(sig.parameters.keys()) == ['a', 'b', 'args', 'c', 'd', 'kwargs']
+    assert sig.parameters['a'].name == 'a'
+    assert sig.parameters['a'].kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD
+    assert sig.parameters['a'].default == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['a'].annotation == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['b'].name == 'b'
+    assert sig.parameters['b'].kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD
+    assert sig.parameters['b'].default == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['b'].annotation == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['args'].name == 'args'
+    assert sig.parameters['args'].kind == Parameter.VAR_POSITIONAL
+    assert sig.parameters['args'].default == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['args'].annotation == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['c'].name == 'c'
+    assert sig.parameters['c'].kind == Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY
+    assert sig.parameters['c'].default == '0'
+    assert sig.parameters['c'].annotation == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['d'].name == 'd'
+    assert sig.parameters['d'].kind == Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY
+    assert sig.parameters['d'].default == "'blah'"
+    assert sig.parameters['d'].annotation == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['kwargs'].name == 'kwargs'
+    assert sig.parameters['kwargs'].kind == Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD
+    assert sig.parameters['kwargs'].default == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['kwargs'].annotation == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.return_annotation == Parameter.empty
+
+
+def test_safe_getattr_with_default():
+    class Foo:
+        def __getattr__(self, item):
+            raise Exception
+
+    obj = Foo()
+
+    result = inspect.safe_getattr(obj, 'bar', 'baz')
+
+    assert result == 'baz'
+
+
+def test_safe_getattr_with_exception():
+    class Foo:
+        def __getattr__(self, item):
+            raise Exception
+
+    obj = Foo()
+
+    with pytest.raises(AttributeError, match='bar'):
+        inspect.safe_getattr(obj, 'bar')
+
+
+def test_safe_getattr_with_property_exception():
+    class Foo:
+        @property
+        def bar(self):
+            raise Exception
+
+    obj = Foo()
+
+    with pytest.raises(AttributeError, match='bar'):
+        inspect.safe_getattr(obj, 'bar')
+
+
+def test_safe_getattr_with___dict___override():
+    class Foo:
+        @property
+        def __dict__(self):
+            raise Exception
+
+    obj = Foo()
+
+    with pytest.raises(AttributeError, match='bar'):
+        inspect.safe_getattr(obj, 'bar')
+
+
+def test_dictionary_sorting():
+    dictionary = {"c": 3, "a": 1, "d": 2, "b": 4}
+    description = inspect.object_description(dictionary)
+    assert description == "{'a': 1, 'b': 4, 'c': 3, 'd': 2}"
+
+
+def test_set_sorting():
+    set_ = set("gfedcba")
+    description = inspect.object_description(set_)
+    assert description == "{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g'}"
+
+
+def test_set_sorting_enum():
+    class MyEnum(enum.Enum):
+        a = 1
+        b = 2
+        c = 3
+
+    set_ = set(MyEnum)
+    description = inspect.object_description(set_)
+    assert description == "{MyEnum.a, MyEnum.b, MyEnum.c}"
+
+
+def test_set_sorting_fallback():
+    set_ = {None, 1}
+    description = inspect.object_description(set_)
+    assert description == "{1, None}"
+
+
+def test_deterministic_nested_collection_descriptions():
+    # sortable
+    assert inspect.object_description([{1, 2, 3, 10}]) == "[{1, 2, 3, 10}]"
+    assert inspect.object_description(({1, 2, 3, 10},)) == "({1, 2, 3, 10},)"
+    # non-sortable (elements of varying datatype)
+    assert inspect.object_description([{None, 1}]) == "[{1, None}]"
+    assert inspect.object_description(({None, 1},)) == "({1, None},)"
+    assert inspect.object_description([{None, 1, 'A'}]) == "[{'A', 1, None}]"
+    assert inspect.object_description(({None, 1, 'A'},)) == "({'A', 1, None},)"
+
+
+def test_frozenset_sorting():
+    frozenset_ = frozenset("gfedcba")
+    description = inspect.object_description(frozenset_)
+    assert description == "frozenset({'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g'})"
+
+
+def test_frozenset_sorting_fallback():
+    frozenset_ = frozenset((None, 1))
+    description = inspect.object_description(frozenset_)
+    assert description == "frozenset({1, None})"
+
+
+def test_nested_tuple_sorting():
+    tuple_ = ({"c", "b", "a"},)  # nb. trailing comma
+    description = inspect.object_description(tuple_)
+    assert description == "({'a', 'b', 'c'},)"
+
+    tuple_ = ({"c", "b", "a"}, {"f", "e", "d"})
+    description = inspect.object_description(tuple_)
+    assert description == "({'a', 'b', 'c'}, {'d', 'e', 'f'})"
+
+
+def test_recursive_collection_description():
+    dict_a_, dict_b_ = {"a": 1}, {"b": 2}
+    dict_a_["link"], dict_b_["link"] = dict_b_, dict_a_
+    description_a, description_b = (
+        inspect.object_description(dict_a_),
+        inspect.object_description(dict_b_),
+    )
+    assert description_a == "{'a': 1, 'link': {'b': 2, 'link': dict(...)}}"
+    assert description_b == "{'b': 2, 'link': {'a': 1, 'link': dict(...)}}"
+
+    list_c_, list_d_ = [1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8]
+    list_c_.append(list_d_)
+    list_d_.append(list_c_)
+    description_c, description_d = (
+        inspect.object_description(list_c_),
+        inspect.object_description(list_d_),
+    )
+
+    assert description_c == "[1, 2, 3, 4, [5, 6, 7, 8, list(...)]]"
+    assert description_d == "[5, 6, 7, 8, [1, 2, 3, 4, list(...)]]"
+
+
+def test_dict_customtype():
+    class CustomType:
+        def __init__(self, value):
+            self._value = value
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return "<CustomType(%r)>" % self._value
+
+    dictionary = {CustomType(2): 2, CustomType(1): 1}
+    description = inspect.object_description(dictionary)
+    # Type is unsortable, just check that it does not crash
+    assert "<CustomType(2)>: 2" in description
+
+
+def test_object_description_enum():
+    class MyEnum(enum.Enum):
+        FOO = 1
+        BAR = 2
+
+    assert inspect.object_description(MyEnum.FOO) == "MyEnum.FOO"
+
+
+def test_object_description_enum_custom_repr():
+    class MyEnum(enum.Enum):
+        FOO = 1
+        BAR = 2
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return self.name
+
+    assert inspect.object_description(MyEnum.FOO) == "FOO"
+
+
+def test_getslots():
+    class Foo:
+        pass
+
+    class Bar:
+        __slots__ = ['attr']
+
+    class Baz:
+        __slots__ = {'attr': 'docstring'}
+
+    class Qux:
+        __slots__ = 'attr'
+
+    assert inspect.getslots(Foo) is None
+    assert inspect.getslots(Bar) == {'attr': None}
+    assert inspect.getslots(Baz) == {'attr': 'docstring'}
+    assert inspect.getslots(Qux) == {'attr': None}
+
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        inspect.getslots(Bar())
+
+
+def test_isclassmethod():
+    assert inspect.isclassmethod(Base.classmeth) is True
+    assert inspect.isclassmethod(Base.meth) is False
+    assert inspect.isclassmethod(Inherited.classmeth) is True
+    assert inspect.isclassmethod(Inherited.meth) is False
+
+
+def test_isstaticmethod():
+    assert inspect.isstaticmethod(Base.staticmeth, Base, 'staticmeth') is True
+    assert inspect.isstaticmethod(Base.meth, Base, 'meth') is False
+    assert inspect.isstaticmethod(Inherited.staticmeth, Inherited, 'staticmeth') is True
+    assert inspect.isstaticmethod(Inherited.meth, Inherited, 'meth') is False
+
+
+def test_iscoroutinefunction():
+    assert inspect.iscoroutinefunction(func) is False                   # function
+    assert inspect.iscoroutinefunction(coroutinefunc) is True           # coroutine
+    assert inspect.iscoroutinefunction(partial_coroutinefunc) is True   # partial-ed coroutine
+    assert inspect.iscoroutinefunction(Base.meth) is False              # method
+    assert inspect.iscoroutinefunction(Base.coroutinemeth) is True      # coroutine-method
+    assert inspect.iscoroutinefunction(Base.__dict__["coroutineclassmeth"]) is True      # coroutine classmethod
+
+    # partial-ed coroutine-method
+    partial_coroutinemeth = Base.__dict__['partial_coroutinemeth']
+    assert inspect.iscoroutinefunction(partial_coroutinemeth) is True
+
+
+def test_iscoroutinefunction_wrapped():
+    # function wrapping a callable obj
+    assert inspect.isfunction(_decorator(coroutinefunc)) is True
+
+
+def test_isfunction():
+    assert inspect.isfunction(func) is True                     # function
+    assert inspect.isfunction(partial_func) is True             # partial-ed function
+    assert inspect.isfunction(Base.meth) is True                # method of class
+    assert inspect.isfunction(Base.partialmeth) is True         # partial-ed method of class
+    assert inspect.isfunction(Base().meth) is False             # method of instance
+    assert inspect.isfunction(builtin_func) is False            # builtin function
+    assert inspect.isfunction(partial_builtin_func) is False    # partial-ed builtin function
+
+
+def test_isfunction_wrapped():
+    # function wrapping a callable obj
+    assert inspect.isfunction(_decorator(_Callable())) is True
+
+
+def test_isbuiltin():
+    assert inspect.isbuiltin(builtin_func) is True          # builtin function
+    assert inspect.isbuiltin(partial_builtin_func) is True  # partial-ed builtin function
+    assert inspect.isbuiltin(func) is False                 # function
+    assert inspect.isbuiltin(partial_func) is False         # partial-ed function
+    assert inspect.isbuiltin(Base.meth) is False            # method of class
+    assert inspect.isbuiltin(Base().meth) is False          # method of instance
+
+
+def test_isdescriptor():
+    assert inspect.isdescriptor(Base.prop) is True      # property of class
+    assert inspect.isdescriptor(Base().prop) is False   # property of instance
+    assert inspect.isdescriptor(Base.meth) is True      # method of class
+    assert inspect.isdescriptor(Base().meth) is True    # method of instance
+    assert inspect.isdescriptor(func) is True           # function
+
+
+def test_isattributedescriptor():
+    assert inspect.isattributedescriptor(Base.prop) is True                    # property
+    assert inspect.isattributedescriptor(Base.meth) is False                   # method
+    assert inspect.isattributedescriptor(Base.staticmeth) is False             # staticmethod
+    assert inspect.isattributedescriptor(Base.classmeth) is False              # classmetho
+    assert inspect.isattributedescriptor(Descriptor) is False                  # custom descriptor class
+    assert inspect.isattributedescriptor(str.join) is False                    # MethodDescriptorType
+    assert inspect.isattributedescriptor(object.__init__) is False             # WrapperDescriptorType
+    assert inspect.isattributedescriptor(dict.__dict__['fromkeys']) is False   # ClassMethodDescriptorType
+    assert inspect.isattributedescriptor(types.FrameType.f_locals) is True     # GetSetDescriptorType
+    assert inspect.isattributedescriptor(datetime.timedelta.days) is True      # MemberDescriptorType
+
+    try:
+        # _testcapi module cannot be importable in some distro
+        # refs: https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/9868
+        import _testcapi
+
+        testinstancemethod = _testcapi.instancemethod(str.__repr__)
+        assert inspect.isattributedescriptor(testinstancemethod) is False      # instancemethod (C-API)
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+
+
+def test_isproperty():
+    assert inspect.isproperty(Base.prop) is True        # property of class
+    assert inspect.isproperty(Base().prop) is False     # property of instance
+    assert inspect.isproperty(Base.meth) is False       # method of class
+    assert inspect.isproperty(Base().meth) is False     # method of instance
+    assert inspect.isproperty(func) is False            # function
+
+
+def test_isgenericalias():
+    #: A list of int
+    T = List[int]  # NoQA: UP006
+    S = list[Union[str, None]]
+
+    C = Callable[[int], None]  # a generic alias not having a doccomment
+
+    assert inspect.isgenericalias(C) is True
+    assert inspect.isgenericalias(Callable) is True
+    assert inspect.isgenericalias(T) is True
+    assert inspect.isgenericalias(List) is True  # NoQA: UP006
+    assert inspect.isgenericalias(S) is True
+    assert inspect.isgenericalias(list) is False
+    assert inspect.isgenericalias([]) is False
+    assert inspect.isgenericalias(object()) is False
+    assert inspect.isgenericalias(Base) is False
+
+
+def test_unpartial():
+    def func1(a, b, c):
+        pass
+
+    func2 = functools.partial(func1, 1)
+    func2.__doc__ = "func2"
+    func3 = functools.partial(func2, 2)  # nested partial object
+
+    assert inspect.unpartial(func2) is func1
+    assert inspect.unpartial(func3) is func1
+
+
+def test_getdoc_inherited_classmethod():
+    class Foo:
+        @classmethod
+        def meth(self):
+            """
+            docstring
+                indented text
+            """
+
+    class Bar(Foo):
+        @classmethod
+        def meth(self):
+            # inherited classmethod
+            pass
+
+    assert inspect.getdoc(Bar.meth, getattr, False, Bar, "meth") is None
+    assert inspect.getdoc(Bar.meth, getattr, True, Bar, "meth") == Foo.meth.__doc__
+
+
+def test_getdoc_inherited_decorated_method():
+    class Foo:
+        def meth(self):
+            """
+            docstring
+                indented text
+            """
+
+    class Bar(Foo):
+        @functools.lru_cache  # NoQA: B019
+        def meth(self):
+            # inherited and decorated method
+            pass
+
+    assert inspect.getdoc(Bar.meth, getattr, False, Bar, "meth") is None
+    assert inspect.getdoc(Bar.meth, getattr, True, Bar, "meth") == Foo.meth.__doc__
+
+
+def test_is_builtin_class_method():
+    class MyInt(int):
+        def my_method(self):
+            pass
+
+    assert inspect.is_builtin_class_method(MyInt, 'to_bytes')
+    assert inspect.is_builtin_class_method(MyInt, '__init__')
+    assert not inspect.is_builtin_class_method(MyInt, 'my_method')
+    assert not inspect.is_builtin_class_method(MyInt, 'does_not_exist')
+    assert not inspect.is_builtin_class_method(4, 'still does not crash')
+
+    class ObjectWithMroAttr:
+        def __init__(self, mro_attr):
+            self.__mro__ = mro_attr
+
+    assert not inspect.is_builtin_class_method(ObjectWithMroAttr([1, 2, 3]), 'still does not crash')
diff --git a/tests/test_util/test_util_inventory.py b/tests/test_util/test_util_inventory.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81d31b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_util/test_util_inventory.py
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+"""Test inventory util functions."""
+import os
+import posixpath
+from io import BytesIO
+
+import sphinx.locale
+from sphinx.testing.util import SphinxTestApp
+from sphinx.util.inventory import InventoryFile
+
+from tests.test_util.intersphinx_data import (
+    INVENTORY_V1,
+    INVENTORY_V2,
+    INVENTORY_V2_NO_VERSION,
+)
+
+
+def test_read_inventory_v1():
+    f = BytesIO(INVENTORY_V1)
+    invdata = InventoryFile.load(f, '/util', posixpath.join)
+    assert invdata['py:module']['module'] == \
+        ('foo', '1.0', '/util/foo.html#module-module', '-')
+    assert invdata['py:class']['module.cls'] == \
+        ('foo', '1.0', '/util/foo.html#module.cls', '-')
+
+
+def test_read_inventory_v2():
+    f = BytesIO(INVENTORY_V2)
+    invdata = InventoryFile.load(f, '/util', posixpath.join)
+
+    assert len(invdata['py:module']) == 2
+    assert invdata['py:module']['module1'] == \
+        ('foo', '2.0', '/util/foo.html#module-module1', 'Long Module desc')
+    assert invdata['py:module']['module2'] == \
+        ('foo', '2.0', '/util/foo.html#module-module2', '-')
+    assert invdata['py:function']['module1.func'][2] == \
+        '/util/sub/foo.html#module1.func'
+    assert invdata['c:function']['CFunc'][2] == '/util/cfunc.html#CFunc'
+    assert invdata['std:term']['a term'][2] == \
+        '/util/glossary.html#term-a-term'
+    assert invdata['std:term']['a term including:colon'][2] == \
+        '/util/glossary.html#term-a-term-including-colon'
+
+
+def test_read_inventory_v2_not_having_version():
+    f = BytesIO(INVENTORY_V2_NO_VERSION)
+    invdata = InventoryFile.load(f, '/util', posixpath.join)
+    assert invdata['py:module']['module1'] == \
+        ('foo', '', '/util/foo.html#module-module1', 'Long Module desc')
+
+
+def _write_appconfig(dir, language, prefix=None):
+    prefix = prefix or language
+    os.makedirs(dir / prefix, exist_ok=True)
+    (dir / prefix / 'conf.py').write_text(f'language = "{language}"', encoding='utf8')
+    (dir / prefix / 'index.rst').write_text('index.rst', encoding='utf8')
+    assert sorted(os.listdir(dir / prefix)) == ['conf.py', 'index.rst']
+    assert (dir / prefix / 'index.rst').exists()
+    return dir / prefix
+
+
+def _build_inventory(srcdir):
+    app = SphinxTestApp(srcdir=srcdir)
+    app.build()
+    sphinx.locale.translators.clear()
+    return app.outdir / 'objects.inv'
+
+
+def test_inventory_localization(tmp_path):
+    # Build an app using Estonian (EE) locale
+    srcdir_et = _write_appconfig(tmp_path, "et")
+    inventory_et = _build_inventory(srcdir_et)
+
+    # Build the same app using English (US) locale
+    srcdir_en = _write_appconfig(tmp_path, "en")
+    inventory_en = _build_inventory(srcdir_en)
+
+    # Ensure that the inventory contents differ
+    assert inventory_et.read_bytes() != inventory_en.read_bytes()
diff --git a/tests/test_util/test_util_logging.py b/tests/test_util/test_util_logging.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ee548a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_util/test_util_logging.py
@@ -0,0 +1,414 @@
+"""Test logging util."""
+
+import codecs
+import os
+import os.path
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx.errors import SphinxWarning
+from sphinx.util import logging, osutil
+from sphinx.util.console import colorize, strip_colors
+from sphinx.util.logging import is_suppressed_warning, prefixed_warnings
+from sphinx.util.parallel import ParallelTasks
+
+
+def test_info_and_warning(app, status, warning):
+    app.verbosity = 2
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    logger.debug('message1')
+    logger.info('message2')
+    logger.warning('message3')
+    logger.critical('message4')
+    logger.error('message5')
+
+    assert 'message1' in status.getvalue()
+    assert 'message2' in status.getvalue()
+    assert 'message3' not in status.getvalue()
+    assert 'message4' not in status.getvalue()
+    assert 'message5' not in status.getvalue()
+
+    assert 'message1' not in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'message2' not in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'WARNING: message3' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'CRITICAL: message4' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'ERROR: message5' in warning.getvalue()
+
+
+def test_Exception(app, status, warning):
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    logger.info(Exception)
+    assert "<class 'Exception'>" in status.getvalue()
+
+
+def test_verbosity_filter(app, status, warning):
+    # verbosity = 0: INFO
+    app.verbosity = 0
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    logger.info('message1')
+    logger.verbose('message2')
+    logger.debug('message3')
+
+    assert 'message1' in status.getvalue()
+    assert 'message2' not in status.getvalue()
+    assert 'message3' not in status.getvalue()
+    assert 'message4' not in status.getvalue()
+
+    # verbosity = 1: VERBOSE
+    app.verbosity = 1
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    logger.info('message1')
+    logger.verbose('message2')
+    logger.debug('message3')
+
+    assert 'message1' in status.getvalue()
+    assert 'message2' in status.getvalue()
+    assert 'message3' not in status.getvalue()
+    assert 'message4' not in status.getvalue()
+
+    # verbosity = 2: DEBUG
+    app.verbosity = 2
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    logger.info('message1')
+    logger.verbose('message2')
+    logger.debug('message3')
+
+    assert 'message1' in status.getvalue()
+    assert 'message2' in status.getvalue()
+    assert 'message3' in status.getvalue()
+    assert 'message4' not in status.getvalue()
+
+
+def test_nonl_info_log(app, status, warning):
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    logger.info('message1', nonl=True)
+    logger.info('message2')
+    logger.info('message3')
+
+    assert 'message1message2\nmessage3' in status.getvalue()
+
+
+def test_once_warning_log(app, status, warning):
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    logger.warning('message: %d', 1, once=True)
+    logger.warning('message: %d', 1, once=True)
+    logger.warning('message: %d', 2, once=True)
+
+    assert 'WARNING: message: 1\nWARNING: message: 2\n' in strip_colors(warning.getvalue())
+
+
+def test_is_suppressed_warning():
+    suppress_warnings = ["ref", "files.*", "rest.duplicated_labels"]
+
+    assert is_suppressed_warning(None, None, suppress_warnings) is False
+    assert is_suppressed_warning("ref", None, suppress_warnings) is True
+    assert is_suppressed_warning("ref", "numref", suppress_warnings) is True
+    assert is_suppressed_warning("ref", "option", suppress_warnings) is True
+    assert is_suppressed_warning("files", "image", suppress_warnings) is True
+    assert is_suppressed_warning("files", "stylesheet", suppress_warnings) is True
+    assert is_suppressed_warning("rest", None, suppress_warnings) is False
+    assert is_suppressed_warning("rest", "syntax", suppress_warnings) is False
+    assert is_suppressed_warning("rest", "duplicated_labels", suppress_warnings) is True
+
+
+def test_suppress_warnings(app, status, warning):
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    app._warncount = 0  # force reset
+
+    app.config.suppress_warnings = []
+    warning.truncate(0)
+    logger.warning('message0', type='test')
+    logger.warning('message1', type='test', subtype='logging')
+    logger.warning('message2', type='test', subtype='crash')
+    logger.warning('message3', type='actual', subtype='logging')
+    assert 'message0' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'message1' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'message2' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'message3' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert app._warncount == 4
+
+    app.config.suppress_warnings = ['test']
+    warning.truncate(0)
+    logger.warning('message0', type='test')
+    logger.warning('message1', type='test', subtype='logging')
+    logger.warning('message2', type='test', subtype='crash')
+    logger.warning('message3', type='actual', subtype='logging')
+    assert 'message0' not in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'message1' not in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'message2' not in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'message3' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert app._warncount == 5
+
+    app.config.suppress_warnings = ['test.logging']
+    warning.truncate(0)
+    logger.warning('message0', type='test')
+    logger.warning('message1', type='test', subtype='logging')
+    logger.warning('message2', type='test', subtype='crash')
+    logger.warning('message3', type='actual', subtype='logging')
+    assert 'message0' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'message1' not in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'message2' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'message3' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert app._warncount == 8
+
+
+def test_warningiserror(app, status, warning):
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    # if False, warning is not error
+    app.warningiserror = False
+    logger.warning('message')
+
+    # if True, warning raises SphinxWarning exception
+    app.warningiserror = True
+    with pytest.raises(SphinxWarning):
+        logger.warning('message: %s', 'arg')
+
+    # message contains format string (refs: #4070)
+    with pytest.raises(SphinxWarning):
+        logger.warning('%s')
+
+
+def test_info_location(app, status, warning):
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    logger.info('message1', location='index')
+    assert 'index.txt: message1' in status.getvalue()
+
+    logger.info('message2', location=('index', 10))
+    assert 'index.txt:10: message2' in status.getvalue()
+
+    logger.info('message3', location=None)
+    assert '\nmessage3' in status.getvalue()
+
+    node = nodes.Node()
+    node.source, node.line = ('index.txt', 10)
+    logger.info('message4', location=node)
+    assert 'index.txt:10: message4' in status.getvalue()
+
+    node.source, node.line = ('index.txt', None)
+    logger.info('message5', location=node)
+    assert 'index.txt:: message5' in status.getvalue()
+
+    node.source, node.line = (None, 10)
+    logger.info('message6', location=node)
+    assert '<unknown>:10: message6' in status.getvalue()
+
+    node.source, node.line = (None, None)
+    logger.info('message7', location=node)
+    assert '\nmessage7' in status.getvalue()
+
+
+def test_warning_location(app, status, warning):
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    logger.warning('message1', location='index')
+    assert 'index.txt: WARNING: message1' in warning.getvalue()
+
+    logger.warning('message2', location=('index', 10))
+    assert 'index.txt:10: WARNING: message2' in warning.getvalue()
+
+    logger.warning('message3', location=None)
+    assert colorize('red', 'WARNING: message3') in warning.getvalue()
+
+    node = nodes.Node()
+    node.source, node.line = ('index.txt', 10)
+    logger.warning('message4', location=node)
+    assert 'index.txt:10: WARNING: message4' in warning.getvalue()
+
+    node.source, node.line = ('index.txt', None)
+    logger.warning('message5', location=node)
+    assert 'index.txt:: WARNING: message5' in warning.getvalue()
+
+    node.source, node.line = (None, 10)
+    logger.warning('message6', location=node)
+    assert '<unknown>:10: WARNING: message6' in warning.getvalue()
+
+    node.source, node.line = (None, None)
+    logger.warning('message7', location=node)
+    assert colorize('red', 'WARNING: message7') in warning.getvalue()
+
+
+def test_suppress_logging(app, status, warning):
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    logger.warning('message1')
+    with logging.suppress_logging():
+        logger.warning('message2')
+        assert 'WARNING: message1' in warning.getvalue()
+        assert 'WARNING: message2' not in warning.getvalue()
+
+    assert 'WARNING: message1' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'WARNING: message2' not in warning.getvalue()
+
+
+def test_pending_warnings(app, status, warning):
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    logger.warning('message1')
+    with logging.pending_warnings():
+        # not logged yet (buffered) in here
+        logger.warning('message2')
+        logger.warning('message3')
+        assert 'WARNING: message1' in warning.getvalue()
+        assert 'WARNING: message2' not in warning.getvalue()
+        assert 'WARNING: message3' not in warning.getvalue()
+
+    # actually logged as ordered
+    assert 'WARNING: message2\nWARNING: message3' in strip_colors(warning.getvalue())
+
+
+def test_colored_logs(app, status, warning):
+    app.verbosity = 2
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    # default colors
+    logger.debug('message1')
+    logger.verbose('message2')
+    logger.info('message3')
+    logger.warning('message4')
+    logger.critical('message5')
+    logger.error('message6')
+
+    assert colorize('darkgray', 'message1') in status.getvalue()
+    assert 'message2\n' in status.getvalue()  # not colored
+    assert 'message3\n' in status.getvalue()  # not colored
+    assert colorize('red', 'WARNING: message4') in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'CRITICAL: message5\n' in warning.getvalue()  # not colored
+    assert colorize('darkred', 'ERROR: message6') in warning.getvalue()
+
+    # color specification
+    logger.debug('message7', color='white')
+    logger.info('message8', color='red')
+    assert colorize('white', 'message7') in status.getvalue()
+    assert colorize('red', 'message8') in status.getvalue()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.xfail(os.name != 'posix',
+                   reason="Parallel mode does not work on Windows")
+def test_logging_in_ParallelTasks(app, status, warning):
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    def child_process():
+        logger.info('message1')
+        logger.warning('message2', location='index')
+
+    tasks = ParallelTasks(1)
+    tasks.add_task(child_process)
+    tasks.join()
+    assert 'message1' in status.getvalue()
+    assert 'index.txt: WARNING: message2' in warning.getvalue()
+
+
+def test_output_with_unencodable_char(app, status, warning):
+    class StreamWriter(codecs.StreamWriter):
+        def write(self, object):
+            self.stream.write(object.encode('cp1252').decode('cp1252'))
+
+    logging.setup(app, StreamWriter(status), warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    # info with UnicodeEncodeError
+    status.truncate(0)
+    status.seek(0)
+    logger.info("unicode \u206d...")
+    assert status.getvalue() == "unicode ?...\n"
+
+
+def test_skip_warningiserror(app, status, warning):
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    app.warningiserror = True
+    with logging.skip_warningiserror():
+        logger.warning('message')
+
+    # if False, warning raises SphinxWarning exception
+    with logging.skip_warningiserror(False):  # NoQA: SIM117
+        with pytest.raises(SphinxWarning):
+            logger.warning('message')
+
+    # It also works during pending_warnings.
+    with logging.pending_warnings():  # NoQA: SIM117
+        with logging.skip_warningiserror():
+            logger.warning('message')
+
+    with pytest.raises(SphinxWarning):  # NoQA: PT012,SIM117
+        with logging.pending_warnings():
+            with logging.skip_warningiserror(False):
+                logger.warning('message')
+
+
+def test_prefixed_warnings(app, status, warning):
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    logger.warning('message1')
+    with prefixed_warnings('PREFIX:'):
+        logger.warning('message2')
+        with prefixed_warnings('Another PREFIX:'):
+            logger.warning('message3')
+        logger.warning('message4')
+    logger.warning('message5')
+
+    assert 'WARNING: message1' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'WARNING: PREFIX: message2' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'WARNING: Another PREFIX: message3' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'WARNING: PREFIX: message4' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'WARNING: message5' in warning.getvalue()
+
+
+def test_get_node_location_abspath():
+    # Ensure that node locations are reported as an absolute path,
+    # even if the source attribute is a relative path.
+
+    relative_filename = os.path.join('relative', 'path.txt')
+    absolute_filename = osutil.abspath(relative_filename)
+
+    n = nodes.Node()
+    n.source = relative_filename
+
+    location = logging.get_node_location(n)
+
+    assert location == absolute_filename + ':'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(confoverrides={'show_warning_types': True})
+def test_show_warning_types(app, status, warning):
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+    logger.warning('message2')
+    logger.warning('message3', type='test')
+    logger.warning('message4', type='test', subtype='logging')
+
+    warnings = strip_colors(warning.getvalue()).splitlines()
+
+    assert warnings == [
+        'WARNING: message2',
+        'WARNING: message3 [test]',
+        'WARNING: message4 [test.logging]',
+    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_util/test_util_matching.py b/tests/test_util/test_util_matching.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d865ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_util/test_util_matching.py
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+"""Tests sphinx.util.matching functions."""
+from sphinx.util.matching import Matcher, compile_matchers, get_matching_files
+
+
+def test_compile_matchers():
+    # exact matching
+    pat = compile_matchers(['hello.py']).pop()
+    assert pat('hello.py')
+    assert not pat('hello-py')
+    assert not pat('subdir/hello.py')
+
+    # wild card (*)
+    pat = compile_matchers(['hello.*']).pop()
+    assert pat('hello.py')
+    assert pat('hello.rst')
+
+    pat = compile_matchers(['*.py']).pop()
+    assert pat('hello.py')
+    assert pat('world.py')
+    assert not pat('subdir/hello.py')
+
+    # wild card (**)
+    pat = compile_matchers(['hello.**']).pop()
+    assert pat('hello.py')
+    assert pat('hello.rst')
+    assert pat('hello.py/world.py')
+
+    pat = compile_matchers(['**.py']).pop()
+    assert pat('hello.py')
+    assert pat('world.py')
+    assert pat('subdir/hello.py')
+
+    pat = compile_matchers(['**/hello.py']).pop()
+    assert not pat('hello.py')
+    assert pat('subdir/hello.py')
+    assert pat('subdir/subdir/hello.py')
+
+    # wild card (?)
+    pat = compile_matchers(['hello.?']).pop()
+    assert pat('hello.c')
+    assert not pat('hello.py')
+
+    # pattern ([...])
+    pat = compile_matchers(['hello[12\\].py']).pop()
+    assert pat('hello1.py')
+    assert pat('hello2.py')
+    assert pat('hello\\.py')
+    assert not pat('hello3.py')
+
+    pat = compile_matchers(['hello[^12].py']).pop()  # "^" is not negative identifier
+    assert pat('hello1.py')
+    assert pat('hello2.py')
+    assert pat('hello^.py')
+    assert not pat('hello3.py')
+
+    # negative pattern ([!...])
+    pat = compile_matchers(['hello[!12].py']).pop()
+    assert not pat('hello1.py')
+    assert not pat('hello2.py')
+    assert not pat('hello/.py')  # negative pattern does not match to "/"
+    assert pat('hello3.py')
+
+    # non patterns
+    pat = compile_matchers(['hello[.py']).pop()
+    assert pat('hello[.py')
+    assert not pat('hello.py')
+
+    pat = compile_matchers(['hello[].py']).pop()
+    assert pat('hello[].py')
+    assert not pat('hello.py')
+
+    pat = compile_matchers(['hello[!].py']).pop()
+    assert pat('hello[!].py')
+    assert not pat('hello.py')
+
+
+def test_Matcher():
+    matcher = Matcher(['hello.py', '**/world.py'])
+    assert matcher('hello.py')
+    assert not matcher('subdir/hello.py')
+    assert matcher('world.py')
+    assert matcher('subdir/world.py')
+
+
+def test_get_matching_files_all(rootdir):
+    files = get_matching_files(rootdir / "test-root")
+    assert sorted(files) == [
+        'Makefile', '_templates/contentssb.html', '_templates/customsb.html',
+        '_templates/layout.html', 'autodoc.txt', 'autodoc_target.py', 'bom.txt', 'conf.py',
+        'extapi.txt', 'extensions.txt', 'file_with_special_#_chars.xyz', 'footnote.txt',
+        'images.txt', 'img.foo.png', 'img.gif', 'img.pdf', 'img.png', 'includes.txt',
+        'index.txt', 'lists.txt', 'literal.inc', 'literal_orig.inc', 'markup.txt', 'math.txt',
+        'objects.txt', 'otherext.foo', 'parsermod.py', 'quotes.inc', 'rimg.png',
+        'special/api.h', 'special/code.py', 'subdir/excluded.txt', 'subdir/images.txt',
+        'subdir/img.png', 'subdir/include.inc', 'subdir/includes.txt', 'subdir/simg.png',
+        'svgimg.pdf', 'svgimg.svg', 'tabs.inc', 'test.inc', 'wrongenc.inc',
+    ]
+
+
+def test_get_matching_files_all_exclude_single(rootdir):
+    files = get_matching_files(rootdir / "test-root", exclude_patterns=["**.html"])
+    assert sorted(files) == [
+        'Makefile', 'autodoc.txt', 'autodoc_target.py', 'bom.txt', 'conf.py',
+        'extapi.txt', 'extensions.txt', 'file_with_special_#_chars.xyz', 'footnote.txt',
+        'images.txt', 'img.foo.png', 'img.gif', 'img.pdf', 'img.png', 'includes.txt',
+        'index.txt', 'lists.txt', 'literal.inc', 'literal_orig.inc', 'markup.txt', 'math.txt',
+        'objects.txt', 'otherext.foo', 'parsermod.py', 'quotes.inc', 'rimg.png',
+        'special/api.h', 'special/code.py', 'subdir/excluded.txt', 'subdir/images.txt',
+        'subdir/img.png', 'subdir/include.inc', 'subdir/includes.txt', 'subdir/simg.png',
+        'svgimg.pdf', 'svgimg.svg', 'tabs.inc', 'test.inc', 'wrongenc.inc',
+    ]
+
+
+def test_get_matching_files_all_exclude_multiple(rootdir):
+    files = get_matching_files(rootdir / "test-root", exclude_patterns=["**.html", "**.inc"])
+    assert sorted(files) == [
+        'Makefile', 'autodoc.txt', 'autodoc_target.py', 'bom.txt', 'conf.py',
+        'extapi.txt', 'extensions.txt', 'file_with_special_#_chars.xyz', 'footnote.txt',
+        'images.txt', 'img.foo.png', 'img.gif', 'img.pdf', 'img.png', 'includes.txt',
+        'index.txt', 'lists.txt', 'markup.txt', 'math.txt', 'objects.txt', 'otherext.foo',
+        'parsermod.py', 'rimg.png', 'special/api.h', 'special/code.py', 'subdir/excluded.txt',
+        'subdir/images.txt', 'subdir/img.png', 'subdir/includes.txt', 'subdir/simg.png',
+        'svgimg.pdf', 'svgimg.svg',
+    ]
+
+
+def test_get_matching_files_all_exclude_nonexistent(rootdir):
+    files = get_matching_files(rootdir / "test-root", exclude_patterns=["halibut/**"])
+    assert sorted(files) == [
+        'Makefile', '_templates/contentssb.html', '_templates/customsb.html',
+        '_templates/layout.html', 'autodoc.txt', 'autodoc_target.py', 'bom.txt', 'conf.py',
+        'extapi.txt', 'extensions.txt', 'file_with_special_#_chars.xyz', 'footnote.txt',
+        'images.txt', 'img.foo.png', 'img.gif', 'img.pdf', 'img.png', 'includes.txt',
+        'index.txt', 'lists.txt', 'literal.inc', 'literal_orig.inc', 'markup.txt', 'math.txt',
+        'objects.txt', 'otherext.foo', 'parsermod.py', 'quotes.inc', 'rimg.png',
+        'special/api.h', 'special/code.py', 'subdir/excluded.txt', 'subdir/images.txt',
+        'subdir/img.png', 'subdir/include.inc', 'subdir/includes.txt', 'subdir/simg.png',
+        'svgimg.pdf', 'svgimg.svg', 'tabs.inc', 'test.inc', 'wrongenc.inc',
+    ]
+
+
+def test_get_matching_files_all_include_single(rootdir):
+    files = get_matching_files(rootdir / "test-root", include_patterns=["subdir/**"])
+    assert sorted(files) == [
+        'subdir/excluded.txt', 'subdir/images.txt', 'subdir/img.png', 'subdir/include.inc',
+        'subdir/includes.txt', 'subdir/simg.png',
+    ]
+
+
+def test_get_matching_files_all_include_multiple(rootdir):
+    files = get_matching_files(rootdir / "test-root", include_patterns=["special/**", "subdir/**"])
+    assert sorted(files) == [
+        'special/api.h', 'special/code.py', 'subdir/excluded.txt', 'subdir/images.txt',
+        'subdir/img.png', 'subdir/include.inc', 'subdir/includes.txt', 'subdir/simg.png',
+    ]
+
+
+def test_get_matching_files_all_include_nonexistent(rootdir):
+    files = get_matching_files(rootdir / "test-root", include_patterns=["halibut/**"])
+    assert sorted(files) == []
+
+
+def test_get_matching_files_all_include_prefix(rootdir):
+    files = get_matching_files(rootdir / "test-root", include_patterns=["autodoc*"])
+    assert sorted(files) == [
+        'autodoc.txt', 'autodoc_target.py',
+    ]
+
+
+def test_get_matching_files_all_include_question_mark(rootdir):
+    files = get_matching_files(rootdir / "test-root", include_patterns=["img.???"])
+    assert sorted(files) == [
+        'img.gif', 'img.pdf', 'img.png',
+    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_util/test_util_nodes.py b/tests/test_util/test_util_nodes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ddd5974
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_util/test_util_nodes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+"""Tests uti.nodes functions."""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import warnings
+from textwrap import dedent
+from typing import Any
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import frontend, nodes
+from docutils.parsers import rst
+from docutils.utils import new_document
+
+from sphinx.transforms import ApplySourceWorkaround
+from sphinx.util.nodes import (
+    NodeMatcher,
+    apply_source_workaround,
+    clean_astext,
+    extract_messages,
+    make_id,
+    split_explicit_title,
+)
+
+
+def _transform(doctree):
+    ApplySourceWorkaround(doctree).apply()
+
+
+def create_new_document():
+    with warnings.catch_warnings():
+        warnings.filterwarnings('ignore', category=DeprecationWarning)
+        # DeprecationWarning: The frontend.OptionParser class will be replaced
+        # by a subclass of argparse.ArgumentParser in Docutils 0.21 or later.
+        settings = frontend.OptionParser(
+            components=(rst.Parser,)).get_default_values()
+    settings.id_prefix = 'id'
+    document = new_document('dummy.txt', settings)
+    return document
+
+
+def _get_doctree(text):
+    document = create_new_document()
+    rst.Parser().parse(text, document)
+    _transform(document)
+    return document
+
+
+def assert_node_count(messages, node_type, expect_count):
+    count = 0
+    node_list = [node for node, msg in messages]
+    for node in node_list:
+        if isinstance(node, node_type):
+            count += 1
+
+    assert count == expect_count, (
+        "Count of %r in the %r is %d instead of %d"
+        % (node_type, node_list, count, expect_count))
+
+
+def test_NodeMatcher():
+    doctree = nodes.document(None, None)
+    doctree += nodes.paragraph('', 'Hello')
+    doctree += nodes.paragraph('', 'Sphinx', block=1)
+    doctree += nodes.paragraph('', 'World', block=2)
+    doctree += nodes.literal_block('', 'blah blah blah', block=3)
+
+    # search by node class
+    matcher = NodeMatcher(nodes.paragraph)
+    assert len(list(doctree.findall(matcher))) == 3
+
+    # search by multiple node classes
+    matcher = NodeMatcher(nodes.paragraph, nodes.literal_block)
+    assert len(list(doctree.findall(matcher))) == 4
+
+    # search by node attribute
+    matcher = NodeMatcher(block=1)
+    assert len(list(doctree.findall(matcher))) == 1
+
+    # search by node attribute (Any)
+    matcher = NodeMatcher(block=Any)
+    assert len(list(doctree.findall(matcher))) == 3
+
+    # search by both class and attribute
+    matcher = NodeMatcher(nodes.paragraph, block=Any)
+    assert len(list(doctree.findall(matcher))) == 2
+
+    # mismatched
+    matcher = NodeMatcher(nodes.title)
+    assert len(list(doctree.findall(matcher))) == 0
+
+    # search with Any does not match to Text node
+    matcher = NodeMatcher(blah=Any)
+    assert len(list(doctree.findall(matcher))) == 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ('rst', 'node_cls', 'count'),
+    [
+        (
+            """
+           .. admonition:: admonition title
+
+              admonition body
+           """,
+            nodes.title, 1,
+        ),
+        (
+            """
+           .. figure:: foo.jpg
+
+              this is title
+           """,
+            nodes.caption, 1,
+        ),
+        (
+            """
+           .. rubric:: spam
+           """,
+            nodes.rubric, 1,
+        ),
+        (
+            """
+           | spam
+           | egg
+           """,
+            nodes.line, 2,
+        ),
+        (
+            """
+           section
+           =======
+
+           +----------------+
+           | | **Title 1**  |
+           | | Message 1    |
+           +----------------+
+           """,
+            nodes.line, 2,
+        ),
+        (
+            """
+           * | **Title 1**
+             | Message 1
+           """,
+            nodes.line, 2,
+
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_extract_messages(rst, node_cls, count):
+    msg = extract_messages(_get_doctree(dedent(rst)))
+    assert_node_count(msg, node_cls, count)
+
+
+def test_extract_messages_without_rawsource():
+    """
+    Check node.rawsource is fall-backed by using node.astext() value.
+
+    `extract_message` which is used from Sphinx i18n feature drop ``not node.rawsource``
+    nodes. So, all nodes which want to translate must have ``rawsource`` value.
+    However, sometimes node.rawsource is not set.
+
+    For example: recommonmark-0.2.0 doesn't set rawsource to `paragraph` node.
+
+    refs #1994: Fall back to node's astext() during i18n message extraction.
+    """
+    p = nodes.paragraph()
+    p.append(nodes.Text('test'))
+    p.append(nodes.Text('sentence'))
+    assert not p.rawsource  # target node must not have rawsource value
+    document = create_new_document()
+    document.append(p)
+    _transform(document)
+    assert_node_count(extract_messages(document), nodes.TextElement, 1)
+    assert [m for n, m in extract_messages(document)][0], 'text sentence'
+
+
+def test_clean_astext():
+    node = nodes.paragraph(text='hello world')
+    assert clean_astext(node) == 'hello world'
+
+    node = nodes.image(alt='hello world')
+    assert clean_astext(node) == ''
+
+    node = nodes.paragraph(text='hello world')
+    node += nodes.raw('', 'raw text', format='html')
+    assert clean_astext(node) == 'hello world'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ('prefix', 'term', 'expected'),
+    [
+        ('', '', 'id0'),
+        ('term', '', 'term-0'),
+        ('term', 'Sphinx', 'term-Sphinx'),
+        ('', 'io.StringIO', 'io.StringIO'),   # contains a dot
+        ('', 'sphinx.setup_command', 'sphinx.setup_command'),  # contains a dot & underscore
+        ('', '_io.StringIO', 'io.StringIO'),  # starts with underscore
+        ('', 'ｓｐｈｉｎｘ', 'sphinx'),  # alphabets in unicode fullwidth characters
+        ('', '悠好', 'id0'),  # multibytes text (in Chinese)
+        ('', 'Hello=悠好=こんにちは', 'Hello'),  # alphabets and multibytes text
+        ('', 'fünf', 'funf'),  # latin1 (umlaut)
+        ('', '0sphinx', 'sphinx'),  # starts with number
+        ('', 'sphinx-', 'sphinx'),  # ends with hyphen
+    ])
+def test_make_id(app, prefix, term, expected):
+    document = create_new_document()
+    assert make_id(app.env, document, prefix, term) == expected
+
+
+def test_make_id_already_registered(app):
+    document = create_new_document()
+    document.ids['term-Sphinx'] = True  # register "term-Sphinx" manually
+    assert make_id(app.env, document, 'term', 'Sphinx') == 'term-0'
+
+
+def test_make_id_sequential(app):
+    document = create_new_document()
+    document.ids['term-0'] = True
+    assert make_id(app.env, document, 'term') == 'term-1'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ('title', 'expected'),
+    [
+        # implicit
+        ('hello', (False, 'hello', 'hello')),
+        # explicit
+        ('hello <world>', (True, 'hello', 'world')),
+        # explicit (title having angle brackets)
+        ('hello <world> <sphinx>', (True, 'hello <world>', 'sphinx')),
+    ],
+)
+def test_split_explicit_target(title, expected):
+    assert expected == split_explicit_title(title)
+
+
+def test_apply_source_workaround_literal_block_no_source():
+    """Regression test for #11091.
+
+    Test that apply_source_workaround doesn't raise.
+    """
+    literal_block = nodes.literal_block('', '')
+    list_item = nodes.list_item('', literal_block)
+    bullet_list = nodes.bullet_list('', list_item)
+
+    assert literal_block.source is None
+    assert list_item.source is None
+    assert bullet_list.source is None
+
+    apply_source_workaround(literal_block)
+
+    assert literal_block.source is None
+    assert list_item.source is None
+    assert bullet_list.source is None
diff --git a/tests/test_util/test_util_rst.py b/tests/test_util/test_util_rst.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d50c90c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_util/test_util_rst.py
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+"""Tests sphinx.util.rst functions."""
+
+from docutils.statemachine import StringList
+from jinja2 import Environment
+
+from sphinx.util.rst import append_epilog, escape, heading, prepend_prolog, textwidth
+
+
+def test_escape():
+    assert escape(':ref:`id`') == r'\:ref\:\`id\`'
+    assert escape('footnote [#]_') == r'footnote \[\#\]\_'
+    assert escape('sphinx.application') == r'sphinx.application'
+    assert escape('.. toctree::') == r'\.. toctree\:\:'
+
+
+def test_append_epilog(app):
+    epilog = 'this is rst_epilog\ngood-bye reST!'
+    content = StringList(['hello Sphinx world',
+                          'Sphinx is a document generator'],
+                         'dummy.rst')
+    append_epilog(content, epilog)
+
+    assert list(content.xitems()) == [('dummy.rst', 0, 'hello Sphinx world'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 1, 'Sphinx is a document generator'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 2, ''),
+                                      ('<rst_epilog>', 0, 'this is rst_epilog'),
+                                      ('<rst_epilog>', 1, 'good-bye reST!')]
+
+
+def test_prepend_prolog(app):
+    prolog = 'this is rst_prolog\nhello reST!'
+    content = StringList([':title: test of SphinxFileInput',
+                          ':author: Sphinx team',
+                          '',
+                          'hello Sphinx world',
+                          'Sphinx is a document generator'],
+                         'dummy.rst')
+    prepend_prolog(content, prolog)
+
+    assert list(content.xitems()) == [('dummy.rst', 0, ':title: test of SphinxFileInput'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 1, ':author: Sphinx team'),
+                                      ('<generated>', 0, ''),
+                                      ('<rst_prolog>', 0, 'this is rst_prolog'),
+                                      ('<rst_prolog>', 1, 'hello reST!'),
+                                      ('<generated>', 0, ''),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 2, ''),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 3, 'hello Sphinx world'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 4, 'Sphinx is a document generator')]
+
+
+def test_prepend_prolog_with_CR(app):
+    # prolog having CR at tail
+    prolog = 'this is rst_prolog\nhello reST!\n'
+    content = StringList(['hello Sphinx world',
+                          'Sphinx is a document generator'],
+                         'dummy.rst')
+    prepend_prolog(content, prolog)
+
+    assert list(content.xitems()) == [('<rst_prolog>', 0, 'this is rst_prolog'),
+                                      ('<rst_prolog>', 1, 'hello reST!'),
+                                      ('<generated>', 0, ''),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 0, 'hello Sphinx world'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 1, 'Sphinx is a document generator')]
+
+
+def test_prepend_prolog_without_CR(app):
+    # prolog not having CR at tail
+    prolog = 'this is rst_prolog\nhello reST!'
+    content = StringList(['hello Sphinx world',
+                          'Sphinx is a document generator'],
+                         'dummy.rst')
+    prepend_prolog(content, prolog)
+
+    assert list(content.xitems()) == [('<rst_prolog>', 0, 'this is rst_prolog'),
+                                      ('<rst_prolog>', 1, 'hello reST!'),
+                                      ('<generated>', 0, ''),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 0, 'hello Sphinx world'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 1, 'Sphinx is a document generator')]
+
+
+def test_prepend_prolog_with_roles_in_sections(app):
+    prolog = 'this is rst_prolog\nhello reST!'
+    content = StringList([':title: test of SphinxFileInput',
+                          ':author: Sphinx team',
+                          '',  # this newline is required
+                          ':mod:`foo`',
+                          '----------',
+                          '',
+                          'hello'],
+                         'dummy.rst')
+    prepend_prolog(content, prolog)
+
+    assert list(content.xitems()) == [('dummy.rst', 0, ':title: test of SphinxFileInput'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 1, ':author: Sphinx team'),
+                                      ('<generated>', 0, ''),
+                                      ('<rst_prolog>', 0, 'this is rst_prolog'),
+                                      ('<rst_prolog>', 1, 'hello reST!'),
+                                      ('<generated>', 0, ''),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 2, ''),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 3, ':mod:`foo`'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 4, '----------'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 5, ''),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 6, 'hello')]
+
+
+def test_prepend_prolog_with_roles_in_sections_with_newline(app):
+    # prologue with trailing line break
+    prolog = 'this is rst_prolog\nhello reST!\n'
+    content = StringList([':mod:`foo`', '-' * 10, '', 'hello'], 'dummy.rst')
+    prepend_prolog(content, prolog)
+
+    assert list(content.xitems()) == [('<rst_prolog>', 0, 'this is rst_prolog'),
+                                      ('<rst_prolog>', 1, 'hello reST!'),
+                                      ('<generated>', 0, ''),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 0, ':mod:`foo`'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 1, '----------'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 2, ''),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 3, 'hello')]
+
+
+def test_prepend_prolog_with_roles_in_sections_without_newline(app):
+    # prologue with no trailing line break
+    prolog = 'this is rst_prolog\nhello reST!'
+    content = StringList([':mod:`foo`', '-' * 10, '', 'hello'], 'dummy.rst')
+    prepend_prolog(content, prolog)
+
+    assert list(content.xitems()) == [('<rst_prolog>', 0, 'this is rst_prolog'),
+                                      ('<rst_prolog>', 1, 'hello reST!'),
+                                      ('<generated>', 0, ''),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 0, ':mod:`foo`'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 1, '----------'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 2, ''),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 3, 'hello')]
+
+
+def test_textwidth():
+    assert textwidth('Hello') == 5
+    assert textwidth('русский язык') == 12
+    assert textwidth('русский язык', 'WFA') == 23  # Cyrillic are ambiguous chars
+
+
+def test_heading():
+    env = Environment()
+    env.extend(language=None)
+
+    assert heading(env, 'Hello') == ('Hello\n'
+                                     '=====')
+    assert heading(env, 'Hello', 1) == ('Hello\n'
+                                        '=====')
+    assert heading(env, 'Hello', 2) == ('Hello\n'
+                                        '-----')
+    assert heading(env, 'Hello', 3) == ('Hello\n'
+                                        '~~~~~')
+    assert heading(env, 'русский язык', 1) == (
+        'русский язык\n'
+        '============'
+    )
+
+    # language=ja: ambiguous
+    env.language = 'ja'
+    assert heading(env, 'русский язык', 1) == (
+        'русский язык\n'
+        '======================='
+    )
diff --git a/tests/test_util/test_util_template.py b/tests/test_util/test_util_template.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4601179
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_util/test_util_template.py
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+"""Tests sphinx.util.template functions."""
+
+from sphinx.util.template import ReSTRenderer
+
+
+def test_ReSTRenderer_escape():
+    r = ReSTRenderer()
+    template = '{{ "*hello*" | e }}'
+    assert r.render_string(template, {}) == r'\*hello\*'
+
+
+def test_ReSTRenderer_heading():
+    r = ReSTRenderer()
+
+    template = '{{ "hello" | heading }}'
+    assert r.render_string(template, {}) == 'hello\n====='
+
+    template = '{{ "hello" | heading(1) }}'
+    assert r.render_string(template, {}) == 'hello\n====='
+
+    template = '{{ "русский язык" | heading(2) }}'
+    assert r.render_string(template, {}) == ('русский язык\n'
+                                             '------------')
+
+    # language: ja
+    r.env.language = 'ja'
+    template = '{{ "русский язык" | heading }}'
+    assert r.render_string(template, {}) == ('русский язык\n'
+                                             '=======================')
diff --git a/tests/test_util/test_util_typing.py b/tests/test_util/test_util_typing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c28029
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_util/test_util_typing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,633 @@
+"""Tests util.typing functions."""
+
+import sys
+from contextvars import Context, ContextVar, Token
+from enum import Enum
+from numbers import Integral
+from struct import Struct
+from types import (
+    AsyncGeneratorType,
+    BuiltinFunctionType,
+    BuiltinMethodType,
+    CellType,
+    ClassMethodDescriptorType,
+    CodeType,
+    CoroutineType,
+    FrameType,
+    FunctionType,
+    GeneratorType,
+    GetSetDescriptorType,
+    LambdaType,
+    MappingProxyType,
+    MemberDescriptorType,
+    MethodDescriptorType,
+    MethodType,
+    MethodWrapperType,
+    ModuleType,
+    TracebackType,
+    WrapperDescriptorType,
+)
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Generator,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    NewType,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+)
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.ext.autodoc import mock
+from sphinx.util.typing import _INVALID_BUILTIN_CLASSES, restify, stringify_annotation
+
+
+class MyClass1:
+    pass
+
+
+class MyClass2(MyClass1):
+    __qualname__ = '<MyClass2>'
+
+
+class MyEnum(Enum):
+    a = 1
+
+
+T = TypeVar('T')
+MyInt = NewType('MyInt', int)
+
+
+class MyList(List[T]):
+    pass
+
+
+class BrokenType:
+    __args__ = int
+
+
+def test_restify():
+    assert restify(int) == ":py:class:`int`"
+    assert restify(int, "smart") == ":py:class:`int`"
+
+    assert restify(str) == ":py:class:`str`"
+    assert restify(str, "smart") == ":py:class:`str`"
+
+    assert restify(None) == ":py:obj:`None`"
+    assert restify(None, "smart") == ":py:obj:`None`"
+
+    assert restify(Integral) == ":py:class:`numbers.Integral`"
+    assert restify(Integral, "smart") == ":py:class:`~numbers.Integral`"
+
+    assert restify(Struct) == ":py:class:`struct.Struct`"
+    assert restify(Struct, "smart") == ":py:class:`~struct.Struct`"
+
+    assert restify(TracebackType) == ":py:class:`types.TracebackType`"
+    assert restify(TracebackType, "smart") == ":py:class:`~types.TracebackType`"
+
+    assert restify(Any) == ":py:obj:`~typing.Any`"
+    assert restify(Any, "smart") == ":py:obj:`~typing.Any`"
+
+    assert restify('str') == "str"
+    assert restify('str', "smart") == "str"
+
+
+def test_is_invalid_builtin_class():
+    # if these tests start failing, it means that the __module__
+    # of one of these classes has changed, and _INVALID_BUILTIN_CLASSES
+    # in sphinx.util.typing needs to be updated.
+    assert _INVALID_BUILTIN_CLASSES.keys() == {
+        Context,
+        ContextVar,
+        Token,
+        Struct,
+        AsyncGeneratorType,
+        BuiltinFunctionType,
+        BuiltinMethodType,
+        CellType,
+        ClassMethodDescriptorType,
+        CodeType,
+        CoroutineType,
+        FrameType,
+        FunctionType,
+        GeneratorType,
+        GetSetDescriptorType,
+        LambdaType,
+        MappingProxyType,
+        MemberDescriptorType,
+        MethodDescriptorType,
+        MethodType,
+        MethodWrapperType,
+        ModuleType,
+        TracebackType,
+        WrapperDescriptorType,
+    }
+    assert Struct.__module__ == '_struct'
+    assert AsyncGeneratorType.__module__ == 'builtins'
+    assert BuiltinFunctionType.__module__ == 'builtins'
+    assert BuiltinMethodType.__module__ == 'builtins'
+    assert CellType.__module__ == 'builtins'
+    assert ClassMethodDescriptorType.__module__ == 'builtins'
+    assert CodeType.__module__ == 'builtins'
+    assert CoroutineType.__module__ == 'builtins'
+    assert FrameType.__module__ == 'builtins'
+    assert FunctionType.__module__ == 'builtins'
+    assert GeneratorType.__module__ == 'builtins'
+    assert GetSetDescriptorType.__module__ == 'builtins'
+    assert LambdaType.__module__ == 'builtins'
+    assert MappingProxyType.__module__ == 'builtins'
+    assert MemberDescriptorType.__module__ == 'builtins'
+    assert MethodDescriptorType.__module__ == 'builtins'
+    assert MethodType.__module__ == 'builtins'
+    assert MethodWrapperType.__module__ == 'builtins'
+    assert ModuleType.__module__ == 'builtins'
+    assert TracebackType.__module__ == 'builtins'
+    assert WrapperDescriptorType.__module__ == 'builtins'
+
+
+def test_restify_type_hints_containers():
+    assert restify(List) == ":py:class:`~typing.List`"
+    assert restify(Dict) == ":py:class:`~typing.Dict`"
+    assert restify(List[int]) == ":py:class:`~typing.List`\\ [:py:class:`int`]"
+    assert restify(List[str]) == ":py:class:`~typing.List`\\ [:py:class:`str`]"
+    assert restify(Dict[str, float]) == (":py:class:`~typing.Dict`\\ "
+                                         "[:py:class:`str`, :py:class:`float`]")
+    assert restify(Tuple[str, str, str]) == (":py:class:`~typing.Tuple`\\ "
+                                             "[:py:class:`str`, :py:class:`str`, "
+                                             ":py:class:`str`]")
+    assert restify(Tuple[str, ...]) == ":py:class:`~typing.Tuple`\\ [:py:class:`str`, ...]"
+
+    if sys.version_info[:2] <= (3, 10):
+        assert restify(Tuple[()]) == ":py:class:`~typing.Tuple`\\ [()]"
+    else:
+        assert restify(Tuple[()]) == ":py:class:`~typing.Tuple`"
+
+    assert restify(List[Dict[str, Tuple]]) == (":py:class:`~typing.List`\\ "
+                                               "[:py:class:`~typing.Dict`\\ "
+                                               "[:py:class:`str`, :py:class:`~typing.Tuple`]]")
+    assert restify(MyList[Tuple[int, int]]) == (":py:class:`tests.test_util.test_util_typing.MyList`\\ "
+                                                "[:py:class:`~typing.Tuple`\\ "
+                                                "[:py:class:`int`, :py:class:`int`]]")
+    assert restify(Generator[None, None, None]) == (":py:class:`~typing.Generator`\\ "
+                                                    "[:py:obj:`None`, :py:obj:`None`, "
+                                                    ":py:obj:`None`]")
+    assert restify(Iterator[None]) == (":py:class:`~typing.Iterator`\\ "
+                                       "[:py:obj:`None`]")
+
+
+def test_restify_type_hints_Callable():
+    assert restify(Callable) == ":py:class:`~typing.Callable`"
+
+    assert restify(Callable[[str], int]) == (":py:class:`~typing.Callable`\\ "
+                                             "[[:py:class:`str`], :py:class:`int`]")
+    assert restify(Callable[..., int]) == (":py:class:`~typing.Callable`\\ "
+                                           "[[...], :py:class:`int`]")
+
+
+def test_restify_type_hints_Union():
+    assert restify(Union[int]) == ":py:class:`int`"
+    assert restify(Union[int, str]) == ":py:class:`int` | :py:class:`str`"
+    assert restify(Optional[int]) == ":py:class:`int` | :py:obj:`None`"
+
+    assert restify(Union[str, None]) == ":py:class:`str` | :py:obj:`None`"
+    assert restify(Union[None, str]) == ":py:obj:`None` | :py:class:`str`"
+    assert restify(Optional[str]) == ":py:class:`str` | :py:obj:`None`"
+
+    assert restify(Union[int, str, None]) == (
+        ":py:class:`int` | :py:class:`str` | :py:obj:`None`"
+    )
+    assert restify(Optional[Union[int, str]]) in {
+        ":py:class:`str` | :py:class:`int` | :py:obj:`None`",
+        ":py:class:`int` | :py:class:`str` | :py:obj:`None`",
+    }
+
+    assert restify(Union[int, Integral]) == (
+        ":py:class:`int` | :py:class:`numbers.Integral`"
+    )
+    assert restify(Union[int, Integral], "smart") == (
+        ":py:class:`int` | :py:class:`~numbers.Integral`"
+    )
+
+    assert (restify(Union[MyClass1, MyClass2]) ==
+            (":py:class:`tests.test_util.test_util_typing.MyClass1`"
+             " | :py:class:`tests.test_util.test_util_typing.<MyClass2>`"))
+    assert (restify(Union[MyClass1, MyClass2], "smart") ==
+            (":py:class:`~tests.test_util.test_util_typing.MyClass1`"
+             " | :py:class:`~tests.test_util.test_util_typing.<MyClass2>`"))
+
+    assert (restify(Optional[Union[MyClass1, MyClass2]]) ==
+            (":py:class:`tests.test_util.test_util_typing.MyClass1`"
+             " | :py:class:`tests.test_util.test_util_typing.<MyClass2>`"
+             " | :py:obj:`None`"))
+    assert (restify(Optional[Union[MyClass1, MyClass2]], "smart") ==
+            (":py:class:`~tests.test_util.test_util_typing.MyClass1`"
+             " | :py:class:`~tests.test_util.test_util_typing.<MyClass2>`"
+             " | :py:obj:`None`"))
+
+
+def test_restify_type_hints_typevars():
+    T = TypeVar('T')
+    T_co = TypeVar('T_co', covariant=True)
+    T_contra = TypeVar('T_contra', contravariant=True)
+
+    assert restify(T) == ":py:obj:`tests.test_util.test_util_typing.T`"
+    assert restify(T, "smart") == ":py:obj:`~tests.test_util.test_util_typing.T`"
+
+    assert restify(T_co) == ":py:obj:`tests.test_util.test_util_typing.T_co`"
+    assert restify(T_co, "smart") == ":py:obj:`~tests.test_util.test_util_typing.T_co`"
+
+    assert restify(T_contra) == ":py:obj:`tests.test_util.test_util_typing.T_contra`"
+    assert restify(T_contra, "smart") == ":py:obj:`~tests.test_util.test_util_typing.T_contra`"
+
+    assert restify(List[T]) == ":py:class:`~typing.List`\\ [:py:obj:`tests.test_util.test_util_typing.T`]"
+    assert restify(List[T], "smart") == ":py:class:`~typing.List`\\ [:py:obj:`~tests.test_util.test_util_typing.T`]"
+
+    assert restify(list[T]) == ":py:class:`list`\\ [:py:obj:`tests.test_util.test_util_typing.T`]"
+    assert restify(list[T], "smart") == ":py:class:`list`\\ [:py:obj:`~tests.test_util.test_util_typing.T`]"
+
+    if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 10):
+        assert restify(MyInt) == ":py:class:`tests.test_util.test_util_typing.MyInt`"
+        assert restify(MyInt, "smart") == ":py:class:`~tests.test_util.test_util_typing.MyInt`"
+    else:
+        assert restify(MyInt) == ":py:class:`MyInt`"
+        assert restify(MyInt, "smart") == ":py:class:`MyInt`"
+
+
+def test_restify_type_hints_custom_class():
+    assert restify(MyClass1) == ":py:class:`tests.test_util.test_util_typing.MyClass1`"
+    assert restify(MyClass1, "smart") == ":py:class:`~tests.test_util.test_util_typing.MyClass1`"
+
+    assert restify(MyClass2) == ":py:class:`tests.test_util.test_util_typing.<MyClass2>`"
+    assert restify(MyClass2, "smart") == ":py:class:`~tests.test_util.test_util_typing.<MyClass2>`"
+
+
+def test_restify_type_hints_alias():
+    MyStr = str
+    MyTypingTuple = Tuple[str, str]
+    MyTuple = tuple[str, str]
+    assert restify(MyStr) == ":py:class:`str`"
+    assert restify(MyTypingTuple) == ":py:class:`~typing.Tuple`\\ [:py:class:`str`, :py:class:`str`]"
+    assert restify(MyTuple) == ":py:class:`tuple`\\ [:py:class:`str`, :py:class:`str`]"
+
+
+def test_restify_type_ForwardRef():
+    from typing import ForwardRef  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert restify(ForwardRef("MyInt")) == ":py:class:`MyInt`"
+
+    assert restify(list[ForwardRef("MyInt")]) == ":py:class:`list`\\ [:py:class:`MyInt`]"
+
+    assert restify(Tuple[dict[ForwardRef("MyInt"), str], list[List[int]]]) == ":py:class:`~typing.Tuple`\\ [:py:class:`dict`\\ [:py:class:`MyInt`, :py:class:`str`], :py:class:`list`\\ [:py:class:`~typing.List`\\ [:py:class:`int`]]]"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+
+def test_restify_type_Literal():
+    from typing import Literal  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert restify(Literal[1, "2", "\r"]) == ":py:obj:`~typing.Literal`\\ [1, '2', '\\r']"
+
+    assert restify(Literal[MyEnum.a], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == ':py:obj:`~typing.Literal`\\ [:py:attr:`tests.test_util.test_util_typing.MyEnum.a`]'
+    assert restify(Literal[MyEnum.a], 'smart') == ':py:obj:`~typing.Literal`\\ [:py:attr:`~tests.test_util.test_util_typing.MyEnum.a`]'
+
+
+def test_restify_pep_585():
+    assert restify(list[str]) == ":py:class:`list`\\ [:py:class:`str`]"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert restify(dict[str, str]) == (":py:class:`dict`\\ "  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                                       "[:py:class:`str`, :py:class:`str`]")
+    assert restify(tuple[str, ...]) == ":py:class:`tuple`\\ [:py:class:`str`, ...]"
+    assert restify(tuple[str, str, str]) == (":py:class:`tuple`\\ "
+                                             "[:py:class:`str`, :py:class:`str`, "
+                                             ":py:class:`str`]")
+    assert restify(dict[str, tuple[int, ...]]) == (":py:class:`dict`\\ "  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                                                   "[:py:class:`str`, :py:class:`tuple`\\ "
+                                                   "[:py:class:`int`, ...]]")
+
+    assert restify(tuple[()]) == ":py:class:`tuple`\\ [()]"
+
+    # Mix old typing with PEP 585
+    assert restify(List[dict[str, Tuple[str, ...]]]) == (":py:class:`~typing.List`\\ "
+                                                         "[:py:class:`dict`\\ "
+                                                         "[:py:class:`str`, :py:class:`~typing.Tuple`\\ "
+                                                         "[:py:class:`str`, ...]]]")
+    assert restify(tuple[MyList[list[int]], int]) == (":py:class:`tuple`\\ ["
+                                                      ":py:class:`tests.test_util.test_util_typing.MyList`\\ "
+                                                      "[:py:class:`list`\\ [:py:class:`int`]], "
+                                                      ":py:class:`int`]")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.version_info[:2] <= (3, 9), reason='python 3.10+ is required.')
+def test_restify_type_union_operator():
+    assert restify(int | None) == ":py:class:`int` | :py:obj:`None`"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert restify(None | int) == ":py:obj:`None` | :py:class:`int`"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert restify(int | str) == ":py:class:`int` | :py:class:`str`"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert restify(int | str | None) == (":py:class:`int` | :py:class:`str` | "  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                                         ":py:obj:`None`")
+
+
+def test_restify_broken_type_hints():
+    assert restify(BrokenType) == ':py:class:`tests.test_util.test_util_typing.BrokenType`'
+    assert restify(BrokenType, "smart") == ':py:class:`~tests.test_util.test_util_typing.BrokenType`'
+
+
+def test_restify_mock():
+    with mock(['unknown']):
+        import unknown
+        assert restify(unknown) == ':py:class:`unknown`'
+        assert restify(unknown.secret.Class) == ':py:class:`unknown.secret.Class`'
+        assert restify(unknown.secret.Class, "smart") == ':py:class:`~unknown.secret.Class`'
+
+
+def test_stringify_annotation():
+    assert stringify_annotation(int, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "int"
+    assert stringify_annotation(int, "smart") == "int"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(str, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "str"
+    assert stringify_annotation(str, "smart") == "str"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(None, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "None"
+    assert stringify_annotation(None, "smart") == "None"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(Integral, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "numbers.Integral"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Integral, "smart") == "~numbers.Integral"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(Struct, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "struct.Struct"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Struct, "smart") == "~struct.Struct"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(TracebackType, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "types.TracebackType"
+    assert stringify_annotation(TracebackType, "smart") == "~types.TracebackType"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(Any, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Any"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Any, "fully-qualified") == "typing.Any"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Any, "smart") == "~typing.Any"
+
+
+def test_stringify_type_hints_containers():
+    assert stringify_annotation(List, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "List"
+    assert stringify_annotation(List, "fully-qualified") == "typing.List"
+    assert stringify_annotation(List, "smart") == "~typing.List"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(Dict, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Dict"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Dict, "fully-qualified") == "typing.Dict"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Dict, "smart") == "~typing.Dict"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(List[int], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "List[int]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(List[int], "fully-qualified") == "typing.List[int]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(List[int], "smart") == "~typing.List[int]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(List[str], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "List[str]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(List[str], "fully-qualified") == "typing.List[str]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(List[str], "smart") == "~typing.List[str]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(Dict[str, float], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Dict[str, float]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Dict[str, float], "fully-qualified") == "typing.Dict[str, float]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Dict[str, float], "smart") == "~typing.Dict[str, float]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[str, str, str], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Tuple[str, str, str]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[str, str, str], "fully-qualified") == "typing.Tuple[str, str, str]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[str, str, str], "smart") == "~typing.Tuple[str, str, str]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[str, ...], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Tuple[str, ...]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[str, ...], "fully-qualified") == "typing.Tuple[str, ...]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[str, ...], "smart") == "~typing.Tuple[str, ...]"
+
+    if sys.version_info[:2] <= (3, 10):
+        assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[()], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Tuple[()]"
+        assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[()], "fully-qualified") == "typing.Tuple[()]"
+        assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[()], "smart") == "~typing.Tuple[()]"
+    else:
+        assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[()], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Tuple"
+        assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[()], "fully-qualified") == "typing.Tuple"
+        assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[()], "smart") == "~typing.Tuple"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(List[Dict[str, Tuple]], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "List[Dict[str, Tuple]]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(List[Dict[str, Tuple]], "fully-qualified") == "typing.List[typing.Dict[str, typing.Tuple]]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(List[Dict[str, Tuple]], "smart") == "~typing.List[~typing.Dict[str, ~typing.Tuple]]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(MyList[Tuple[int, int]], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tests.test_util.test_util_typing.MyList[Tuple[int, int]]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(MyList[Tuple[int, int]], "fully-qualified") == "tests.test_util.test_util_typing.MyList[typing.Tuple[int, int]]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(MyList[Tuple[int, int]], "smart") == "~tests.test_util.test_util_typing.MyList[~typing.Tuple[int, int]]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(Generator[None, None, None], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Generator[None, None, None]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Generator[None, None, None], "fully-qualified") == "typing.Generator[None, None, None]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Generator[None, None, None], "smart") == "~typing.Generator[None, None, None]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(Iterator[None], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Iterator[None]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Iterator[None], "fully-qualified") == "typing.Iterator[None]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Iterator[None], "smart") == "~typing.Iterator[None]"
+
+
+def test_stringify_type_hints_pep_585():
+    assert stringify_annotation(list[int], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "list[int]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(list[int], "smart") == "list[int]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(list[str], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "list[str]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(list[str], "smart") == "list[str]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(dict[str, float], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "dict[str, float]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(dict[str, float], "smart") == "dict[str, float]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(tuple[str, str, str], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tuple[str, str, str]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(tuple[str, str, str], "smart") == "tuple[str, str, str]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(tuple[str, ...], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tuple[str, ...]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(tuple[str, ...], "smart") == "tuple[str, ...]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(tuple[()], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tuple[()]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(tuple[()], "smart") == "tuple[()]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(list[dict[str, tuple]], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "list[dict[str, tuple]]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(list[dict[str, tuple]], "smart") == "list[dict[str, tuple]]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(MyList[tuple[int, int]], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tests.test_util.test_util_typing.MyList[tuple[int, int]]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(MyList[tuple[int, int]], "fully-qualified") == "tests.test_util.test_util_typing.MyList[tuple[int, int]]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(MyList[tuple[int, int]], "smart") == "~tests.test_util.test_util_typing.MyList[tuple[int, int]]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(type[int], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "type[int]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(type[int], "smart") == "type[int]"
+
+    # Mix typing and pep 585
+    assert stringify_annotation(tuple[List[dict[int, str]], str, ...], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tuple[List[dict[int, str]], str, ...]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(tuple[List[dict[int, str]], str, ...], "smart") == "tuple[~typing.List[dict[int, str]], str, ...]"
+
+
+def test_stringify_Annotated():
+    from typing import Annotated  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert stringify_annotation(Annotated[str, "foo", "bar"], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "str"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Annotated[str, "foo", "bar"], "smart") == "str"
+
+
+def test_stringify_type_hints_string():
+    assert stringify_annotation("int", 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "int"
+    assert stringify_annotation("int", 'fully-qualified') == "int"
+    assert stringify_annotation("int", "smart") == "int"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation("str", 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "str"
+    assert stringify_annotation("str", 'fully-qualified') == "str"
+    assert stringify_annotation("str", "smart") == "str"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(List["int"], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "List[int]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(List["int"], 'fully-qualified') == "typing.List[int]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(List["int"], "smart") == "~typing.List[int]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(list["int"], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "list[int]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(list["int"], 'fully-qualified') == "list[int]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(list["int"], "smart") == "list[int]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation("Tuple[str]", 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Tuple[str]"
+    assert stringify_annotation("Tuple[str]", 'fully-qualified') == "Tuple[str]"
+    assert stringify_annotation("Tuple[str]", "smart") == "Tuple[str]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation("tuple[str]", 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tuple[str]"
+    assert stringify_annotation("tuple[str]", 'fully-qualified') == "tuple[str]"
+    assert stringify_annotation("tuple[str]", "smart") == "tuple[str]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation("unknown", 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "unknown"
+    assert stringify_annotation("unknown", 'fully-qualified') == "unknown"
+    assert stringify_annotation("unknown", "smart") == "unknown"
+
+
+def test_stringify_type_hints_Callable():
+    assert stringify_annotation(Callable, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Callable"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Callable, "fully-qualified") == "typing.Callable"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Callable, "smart") == "~typing.Callable"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(Callable[[str], int], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Callable[[str], int]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Callable[[str], int], "fully-qualified") == "typing.Callable[[str], int]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Callable[[str], int], "smart") == "~typing.Callable[[str], int]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(Callable[..., int], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Callable[[...], int]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Callable[..., int], "fully-qualified") == "typing.Callable[[...], int]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Callable[..., int], "smart") == "~typing.Callable[[...], int]"
+
+
+def test_stringify_type_hints_Union():
+    assert stringify_annotation(Optional[int], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "int | None"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Optional[int], "fully-qualified") == "int | None"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Optional[int], "smart") == "int | None"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(Union[int, None], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "int | None"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Union[None, int], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "None | int"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Union[int, None], "fully-qualified") == "int | None"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Union[None, int], "fully-qualified") == "None | int"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Union[int, None], "smart") == "int | None"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Union[None, int], "smart") == "None | int"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(Union[int, str], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "int | str"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Union[int, str], "fully-qualified") == "int | str"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Union[int, str], "smart") == "int | str"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(Union[int, Integral], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "int | numbers.Integral"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Union[int, Integral], "fully-qualified") == "int | numbers.Integral"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Union[int, Integral], "smart") == "int | ~numbers.Integral"
+
+    assert (stringify_annotation(Union[MyClass1, MyClass2], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') ==
+            "tests.test_util.test_util_typing.MyClass1 | tests.test_util.test_util_typing.<MyClass2>")
+    assert (stringify_annotation(Union[MyClass1, MyClass2], "fully-qualified") ==
+            "tests.test_util.test_util_typing.MyClass1 | tests.test_util.test_util_typing.<MyClass2>")
+    assert (stringify_annotation(Union[MyClass1, MyClass2], "smart") ==
+            "~tests.test_util.test_util_typing.MyClass1 | ~tests.test_util.test_util_typing.<MyClass2>")
+
+
+def test_stringify_type_hints_typevars():
+    T = TypeVar('T')
+    T_co = TypeVar('T_co', covariant=True)
+    T_contra = TypeVar('T_contra', contravariant=True)
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(T, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tests.test_util.test_util_typing.T"
+    assert stringify_annotation(T, "smart") == "~tests.test_util.test_util_typing.T"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(T_co, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tests.test_util.test_util_typing.T_co"
+    assert stringify_annotation(T_co, "smart") == "~tests.test_util.test_util_typing.T_co"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(T_contra, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tests.test_util.test_util_typing.T_contra"
+    assert stringify_annotation(T_contra, "smart") == "~tests.test_util.test_util_typing.T_contra"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(List[T], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "List[tests.test_util.test_util_typing.T]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(List[T], "smart") == "~typing.List[~tests.test_util.test_util_typing.T]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(list[T], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "list[tests.test_util.test_util_typing.T]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(list[T], "smart") == "list[~tests.test_util.test_util_typing.T]"
+
+    if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 10):
+        assert stringify_annotation(MyInt, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tests.test_util.test_util_typing.MyInt"
+        assert stringify_annotation(MyInt, "smart") == "~tests.test_util.test_util_typing.MyInt"
+    else:
+        assert stringify_annotation(MyInt, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "MyInt"
+        assert stringify_annotation(MyInt, "smart") == "MyInt"
+
+
+def test_stringify_type_hints_custom_class():
+    assert stringify_annotation(MyClass1, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tests.test_util.test_util_typing.MyClass1"
+    assert stringify_annotation(MyClass1, "smart") == "~tests.test_util.test_util_typing.MyClass1"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(MyClass2, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tests.test_util.test_util_typing.<MyClass2>"
+    assert stringify_annotation(MyClass2, "smart") == "~tests.test_util.test_util_typing.<MyClass2>"
+
+
+def test_stringify_type_hints_alias():
+    MyStr = str
+    MyTuple = Tuple[str, str]
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(MyStr, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "str"
+    assert stringify_annotation(MyStr, "smart") == "str"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(MyTuple) == "Tuple[str, str]"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert stringify_annotation(MyTuple, "smart") == "~typing.Tuple[str, str]"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+
+def test_stringify_type_Literal():
+    from typing import Literal  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert stringify_annotation(Literal[1, "2", "\r"], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Literal[1, '2', '\\r']"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Literal[1, "2", "\r"], "fully-qualified") == "typing.Literal[1, '2', '\\r']"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Literal[1, "2", "\r"], "smart") == "~typing.Literal[1, '2', '\\r']"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(Literal[MyEnum.a], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == 'Literal[tests.test_util.test_util_typing.MyEnum.a]'
+    assert stringify_annotation(Literal[MyEnum.a], 'fully-qualified') == 'typing.Literal[tests.test_util.test_util_typing.MyEnum.a]'
+    assert stringify_annotation(Literal[MyEnum.a], 'smart') == '~typing.Literal[MyEnum.a]'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.version_info[:2] <= (3, 9), reason='python 3.10+ is required.')
+def test_stringify_type_union_operator():
+    assert stringify_annotation(int | None) == "int | None"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert stringify_annotation(int | None, "smart") == "int | None"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(int | str) == "int | str"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert stringify_annotation(int | str, "smart") == "int | str"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(int | str | None) == "int | str | None"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert stringify_annotation(int | str | None, "smart") == "int | str | None"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(int | tuple[dict[str, int | None], list[int | str]] | None) == "int | tuple[dict[str, int | None], list[int | str]] | None"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert stringify_annotation(int | tuple[dict[str, int | None], list[int | str]] | None, "smart") == "int | tuple[dict[str, int | None], list[int | str]] | None"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(int | Struct) == "int | struct.Struct"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert stringify_annotation(int | Struct, "smart") == "int | ~struct.Struct"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+
+def test_stringify_broken_type_hints():
+    assert stringify_annotation(BrokenType, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == 'tests.test_util.test_util_typing.BrokenType'
+    assert stringify_annotation(BrokenType, "smart") == '~tests.test_util.test_util_typing.BrokenType'
+
+
+def test_stringify_mock():
+    with mock(['unknown']):
+        import unknown
+        assert stringify_annotation(unknown, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == 'unknown'
+        assert stringify_annotation(unknown.secret.Class, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == 'unknown.secret.Class'
+        assert stringify_annotation(unknown.secret.Class, "smart") == 'unknown.secret.Class'
+
+
+def test_stringify_type_ForwardRef():
+    from typing import ForwardRef  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(ForwardRef("MyInt")) == "MyInt"
+    assert stringify_annotation(ForwardRef("MyInt"), 'smart') == "MyInt"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(list[ForwardRef("MyInt")]) == "list[MyInt]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(list[ForwardRef("MyInt")], 'smart') == "list[MyInt]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[dict[ForwardRef("MyInt"), str], list[List[int]]]) == "Tuple[dict[MyInt, str], list[List[int]]]"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[dict[ForwardRef("MyInt"), str], list[List[int]]], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Tuple[dict[MyInt, str], list[List[int]]]"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[dict[ForwardRef("MyInt"), str], list[List[int]]], 'smart') == "~typing.Tuple[dict[MyInt, str], list[~typing.List[int]]]"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
diff --git a/tests/test_util/typing_test_data.py b/tests/test_util/typing_test_data.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e29b600
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_util/typing_test_data.py
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+from inspect import Signature
+from numbers import Integral
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, TypeVar, Union
+
+
+def f0(x: int, y: Integral) -> None:
+    pass
+
+
+def f1(x: list[int]) -> List[int]:
+    pass
+
+
+T = TypeVar('T')
+T_co = TypeVar('T_co', covariant=True)
+T_contra = TypeVar('T_contra', contravariant=True)
+
+
+def f2(x: List[T], y: List[T_co], z: T) -> List[T_contra]:
+    pass
+
+
+def f3(x: Union[str, Integral]) -> None:
+    pass
+
+
+MyStr = str
+
+
+def f4(x: 'MyStr', y: MyStr) -> None:
+    pass
+
+
+def f5(x: int, *, y: str, z: str) -> None:
+    pass
+
+
+def f6(x: int, *args, y: str, z: str) -> None:
+    pass
+
+
+def f7(x: int = None, y: dict = {}) -> None:  # NoQA: B006,RUF013
+    pass
+
+
+def f8(x: Callable[[int, str], int]) -> None:
+    # See https://github.com/ambv/typehinting/issues/149 for Callable[..., int]
+    pass
+
+
+def f9(x: Callable) -> None:
+    pass
+
+
+def f10(x: Tuple[int, str], y: Tuple[int, ...]) -> None:
+    pass
+
+
+class CustomAnnotation:
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return 'CustomAnnotation'
+
+
+def f11(x: CustomAnnotation(), y: 123) -> None:
+    pass
+
+
+def f12() -> Tuple[int, str, int]:
+    pass
+
+
+def f13() -> Optional[str]:
+    pass
+
+
+def f14() -> Any:
+    pass
+
+
+def f15(x: "Unknown", y: "int") -> Any:  # NoQA: F821  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    pass
+
+
+def f16(arg1, arg2, *, arg3=None, arg4=None):
+    pass
+
+
+def f17(*, arg3, arg4):
+    pass
+
+
+def f18(self, arg1: Union[int, Tuple] = 10) -> List[Dict]:
+    pass
+
+
+def f19(*args: int, **kwargs: str):
+    pass
+
+
+def f20() -> Optional[Union[int, str]]:
+    pass
+
+
+def f21(arg1='whatever', arg2=Signature.empty):
+    pass
+
+
+def f22(*, a, b):
+    pass
+
+
+def f23(a, b, /, c, d):
+    pass
+
+
+def f24(a, /, *, b):
+    pass
+
+
+def f25(a, b, /):
+    pass
+
+
+class Node:
+    def __init__(self, parent: Optional['Node']) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def children(self) -> List['Node']:
+        pass
diff --git a/tests/test_util_display.py b/tests/test_util_display.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 9ecdd6a..0000000
--- a/tests/test_util_display.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests util functions."""
-
-import pytest
-
-from sphinx.testing.util import strip_escseq
-from sphinx.util import logging
-from sphinx.util.display import (
-    SkipProgressMessage,
-    display_chunk,
-    progress_message,
-    status_iterator,
-)
-
-
-def test_display_chunk():
-    assert display_chunk('hello') == 'hello'
-    assert display_chunk(['hello']) == 'hello'
-    assert display_chunk(['hello', 'sphinx', 'world']) == 'hello .. world'
-    assert display_chunk(('hello',)) == 'hello'
-    assert display_chunk(('hello', 'sphinx', 'world')) == 'hello .. world'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy')
-def test_status_iterator_length_0(app, status, warning):
-    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
-
-    # test for status_iterator (length=0)
-    status.seek(0)
-    status.truncate(0)
-    yields = list(status_iterator(['hello', 'sphinx', 'world'], 'testing ... '))
-    output = strip_escseq(status.getvalue())
-    assert 'testing ... hello sphinx world \n' in output
-    assert yields == ['hello', 'sphinx', 'world']
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy')
-def test_status_iterator_verbosity_0(app, status, warning):
-    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
-
-    # test for status_iterator (verbosity=0)
-    status.seek(0)
-    status.truncate(0)
-    yields = list(status_iterator(['hello', 'sphinx', 'world'], 'testing ... ',
-                                  length=3, verbosity=0))
-    output = strip_escseq(status.getvalue())
-    assert 'testing ... [ 33%] hello\r' in output
-    assert 'testing ... [ 67%] sphinx\r' in output
-    assert 'testing ... [100%] world\r\n' in output
-    assert yields == ['hello', 'sphinx', 'world']
-
-
-@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy')
-def test_status_iterator_verbosity_1(app, status, warning):
-    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
-
-    # test for status_iterator (verbosity=1)
-    status.seek(0)
-    status.truncate(0)
-    yields = list(status_iterator(['hello', 'sphinx', 'world'], 'testing ... ',
-                                  length=3, verbosity=1))
-    output = strip_escseq(status.getvalue())
-    assert 'testing ... [ 33%] hello\n' in output
-    assert 'testing ... [ 67%] sphinx\n' in output
-    assert 'testing ... [100%] world\n\n' in output
-    assert yields == ['hello', 'sphinx', 'world']
-
-
-def test_progress_message(app, status, warning):
-    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
-    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-    # standard case
-    with progress_message('testing'):
-        logger.info('blah ', nonl=True)
-
-    output = strip_escseq(status.getvalue())
-    assert 'testing... blah done\n' in output
-
-    # skipping case
-    with progress_message('testing'):
-        raise SkipProgressMessage('Reason: %s', 'error')  # NoQA: EM101
-
-    output = strip_escseq(status.getvalue())
-    assert 'testing... skipped\nReason: error\n' in output
-
-    # error case
-    try:
-        with progress_message('testing'):
-            raise
-    except Exception:
-        pass
-
-    output = strip_escseq(status.getvalue())
-    assert 'testing... failed\n' in output
-
-    # decorator
-    @progress_message('testing')
-    def func():
-        logger.info('in func ', nonl=True)
-
-    func()
-    output = strip_escseq(status.getvalue())
-    assert 'testing... in func done\n' in output
diff --git a/tests/test_util_docstrings.py b/tests/test_util_docstrings.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 813e84e..0000000
--- a/tests/test_util_docstrings.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
-"""Test sphinx.util.docstrings."""
-
-from sphinx.util.docstrings import prepare_commentdoc, prepare_docstring, separate_metadata
-
-
-def test_separate_metadata():
-    # metadata only
-    text = (":meta foo: bar\n"
-            ":meta baz:\n")
-    docstring, metadata = separate_metadata(text)
-    assert docstring == ''
-    assert metadata == {'foo': 'bar', 'baz': ''}
-
-    # non metadata field list item
-    text = (":meta foo: bar\n"
-            ":param baz:\n")
-    docstring, metadata = separate_metadata(text)
-    assert docstring == ':param baz:\n'
-    assert metadata == {'foo': 'bar'}
-
-    # field_list like text following just after paragraph is not a field_list
-    text = ("blah blah blah\n"
-            ":meta foo: bar\n"
-            ":meta baz:\n")
-    docstring, metadata = separate_metadata(text)
-    assert docstring == text
-    assert metadata == {}
-
-    # field_list like text following after blank line is a field_list
-    text = ("blah blah blah\n"
-            "\n"
-            ":meta foo: bar\n"
-            ":meta baz:\n")
-    docstring, metadata = separate_metadata(text)
-    assert docstring == "blah blah blah\n\n"
-    assert metadata == {'foo': 'bar', 'baz': ''}
-
-    # non field_list item breaks field_list
-    text = (":meta foo: bar\n"
-            "blah blah blah\n"
-            ":meta baz:\n")
-    docstring, metadata = separate_metadata(text)
-    assert docstring == ("blah blah blah\n"
-                         ":meta baz:\n")
-    assert metadata == {'foo': 'bar'}
-
-
-def test_prepare_docstring():
-    docstring = """multiline docstring
-
-                Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit,
-                sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna
-                aliqua::
-
-                  Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation
-                    ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
-                """
-
-    assert (prepare_docstring(docstring) ==
-            ["multiline docstring",
-             "",
-             "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit,",
-             "sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna",
-             "aliqua::",
-             "",
-             "  Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation",
-             "    ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.",
-             ""])
-
-    docstring = """
-
-                multiline docstring with leading empty lines
-                """
-    assert (prepare_docstring(docstring) ==
-            ["multiline docstring with leading empty lines",
-             ""])
-
-    docstring = "single line docstring"
-    assert (prepare_docstring(docstring) ==
-            ["single line docstring",
-             ""])
-
-
-def test_prepare_commentdoc():
-    assert prepare_commentdoc("hello world") == []
-    assert prepare_commentdoc("#: hello world") == ["hello world", ""]
-    assert prepare_commentdoc("#:  hello world") == [" hello world", ""]
-    assert prepare_commentdoc("#: hello\n#: world\n") == ["hello", "world", ""]
diff --git a/tests/test_util_docutils.py b/tests/test_util_docutils.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 69999eb..0000000
--- a/tests/test_util_docutils.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,92 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests util.utils functions."""
-
-import os
-
-from docutils import nodes
-
-from sphinx.util.docutils import (
-    SphinxFileOutput,
-    SphinxTranslator,
-    docutils_namespace,
-    new_document,
-    register_node,
-)
-
-
-def test_register_node():
-    class custom_node(nodes.Element):
-        pass
-
-    with docutils_namespace():
-        register_node(custom_node)
-
-        # check registered
-        assert hasattr(nodes.GenericNodeVisitor, 'visit_custom_node')
-        assert hasattr(nodes.GenericNodeVisitor, 'depart_custom_node')
-        assert hasattr(nodes.SparseNodeVisitor, 'visit_custom_node')
-        assert hasattr(nodes.SparseNodeVisitor, 'depart_custom_node')
-
-    # check unregistered outside namespace
-    assert not hasattr(nodes.GenericNodeVisitor, 'visit_custom_node')
-    assert not hasattr(nodes.GenericNodeVisitor, 'depart_custom_node')
-    assert not hasattr(nodes.SparseNodeVisitor, 'visit_custom_node')
-    assert not hasattr(nodes.SparseNodeVisitor, 'depart_custom_node')
-
-
-def test_SphinxFileOutput(tmpdir):
-    content = 'Hello Sphinx World'
-
-    # write test.txt at first
-    filename = str(tmpdir / 'test.txt')
-    output = SphinxFileOutput(destination_path=filename)
-    output.write(content)
-    os.utime(filename, (0, 0))
-
-    # overwrite it again
-    output.write(content)
-    assert os.stat(filename).st_mtime != 0  # updated
-
-    # write test2.txt at first
-    filename = str(tmpdir / 'test2.txt')
-    output = SphinxFileOutput(destination_path=filename, overwrite_if_changed=True)
-    output.write(content)
-    os.utime(filename, (0, 0))
-
-    # overwrite it again
-    output.write(content)
-    assert os.stat(filename).st_mtime == 0  # not updated
-
-    # overwrite it again (content changed)
-    output.write(content + "; content change")
-    assert os.stat(filename).st_mtime != 0  # updated
-
-
-def test_SphinxTranslator(app):
-    class CustomNode(nodes.inline):
-        pass
-
-    class MyTranslator(SphinxTranslator):
-        def __init__(self, *args):
-            self.called = []
-            super().__init__(*args)
-
-        def visit_document(self, node):
-            pass
-
-        def depart_document(self, node):
-            pass
-
-        def visit_inline(self, node):
-            self.called.append('visit_inline')
-
-        def depart_inline(self, node):
-            self.called.append('depart_inline')
-
-    document = new_document('')
-    document += CustomNode()
-
-    translator = MyTranslator(document, app.builder)
-    document.walkabout(translator)
-
-    # MyTranslator does not have visit_CustomNode. But it calls visit_inline instead.
-    assert translator.called == ['visit_inline', 'depart_inline']
diff --git a/tests/test_util_fileutil.py b/tests/test_util_fileutil.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 9c23821..0000000
--- a/tests/test_util_fileutil.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests sphinx.util.fileutil functions."""
-
-from unittest import mock
-
-from sphinx.jinja2glue import BuiltinTemplateLoader
-from sphinx.util.fileutil import copy_asset, copy_asset_file
-
-
-class DummyTemplateLoader(BuiltinTemplateLoader):
-    def __init__(self):
-        super().__init__()
-        builder = mock.Mock()
-        builder.config.templates_path = []
-        builder.app.translator = None
-        self.init(builder)
-
-
-def test_copy_asset_file(tmp_path):
-    renderer = DummyTemplateLoader()
-
-    # copy normal file
-    src = (tmp_path / 'asset.txt')
-    src.write_text('# test data', encoding='utf8')
-    dest = (tmp_path / 'output.txt')
-
-    copy_asset_file(src, dest)
-    assert dest.exists()
-    assert src.read_text(encoding='utf8') == dest.read_text(encoding='utf8')
-
-    # copy template file
-    src = (tmp_path / 'asset.txt_t')
-    src.write_text('# {{var1}} data', encoding='utf8')
-    dest = (tmp_path / 'output.txt_t')
-
-    copy_asset_file(str(src), str(dest), {'var1': 'template'}, renderer)
-    assert not dest.exists()
-    assert (tmp_path / 'output.txt').exists()
-    assert (tmp_path / 'output.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8') == '# template data'
-
-    # copy template file to subdir
-    src = (tmp_path / 'asset.txt_t')
-    src.write_text('# {{var1}} data', encoding='utf8')
-    subdir1 = (tmp_path / 'subdir')
-    subdir1.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-
-    copy_asset_file(src, subdir1, {'var1': 'template'}, renderer)
-    assert (subdir1 / 'asset.txt').exists()
-    assert (subdir1 / 'asset.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8') == '# template data'
-
-    # copy template file without context
-    src = (tmp_path / 'asset.txt_t')
-    subdir2 = (tmp_path / 'subdir2')
-    subdir2.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-
-    copy_asset_file(src, subdir2)
-    assert not (subdir2 / 'asset.txt').exists()
-    assert (subdir2 / 'asset.txt_t').exists()
-    assert (subdir2 / 'asset.txt_t').read_text(encoding='utf8') == '# {{var1}} data'
-
-
-def test_copy_asset(tmp_path):
-    renderer = DummyTemplateLoader()
-
-    # prepare source files
-    source = (tmp_path / 'source')
-    source.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    (source / 'index.rst').write_text('index.rst', encoding='utf8')
-    (source / 'foo.rst_t').write_text('{{var1}}.rst', encoding='utf8')
-    (source / '_static').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    (source / '_static' / 'basic.css').write_text('basic.css', encoding='utf8')
-    (source / '_templates').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    (source / '_templates' / 'layout.html').write_text('layout.html', encoding='utf8')
-    (source / '_templates' / 'sidebar.html_t').write_text('sidebar: {{var2}}', encoding='utf8')
-
-    # copy a single file
-    assert not (tmp_path / 'test1').exists()
-    copy_asset(source / 'index.rst', tmp_path / 'test1')
-    assert (tmp_path / 'test1').exists()
-    assert (tmp_path / 'test1/index.rst').exists()
-
-    # copy directories
-    destdir = tmp_path / 'test2'
-    copy_asset(source, destdir, context={'var1': 'bar', 'var2': 'baz'}, renderer=renderer)
-    assert (destdir / 'index.rst').exists()
-    assert (destdir / 'foo.rst').exists()
-    assert (destdir / 'foo.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8') == 'bar.rst'
-    assert (destdir / '_static' / 'basic.css').exists()
-    assert (destdir / '_templates' / 'layout.html').exists()
-    assert (destdir / '_templates' / 'sidebar.html').exists()
-    assert (destdir / '_templates' / 'sidebar.html').read_text(encoding='utf8') == 'sidebar: baz'
-
-    # copy with exclusion
-    def excluded(path):
-        return ('sidebar.html' in path or 'basic.css' in path)
-
-    destdir = tmp_path / 'test3'
-    copy_asset(source, destdir, excluded,
-               context={'var1': 'bar', 'var2': 'baz'}, renderer=renderer)
-    assert (destdir / 'index.rst').exists()
-    assert (destdir / 'foo.rst').exists()
-    assert not (destdir / '_static' / 'basic.css').exists()
-    assert (destdir / '_templates' / 'layout.html').exists()
-    assert not (destdir / '_templates' / 'sidebar.html').exists()
diff --git a/tests/test_util_i18n.py b/tests/test_util_i18n.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 9a1ecc5..0000000
--- a/tests/test_util_i18n.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,190 +0,0 @@
-"""Test i18n util."""
-
-import datetime
-import os
-
-import babel
-import pytest
-from babel.messages.mofile import read_mo
-
-from sphinx.errors import SphinxError
-from sphinx.util import i18n
-
-BABEL_VERSION = tuple(map(int, babel.__version__.split('.')))
-
-
-def test_catalog_info_for_file_and_path():
-    cat = i18n.CatalogInfo('path', 'domain', 'utf-8')
-    assert cat.po_file == 'domain.po'
-    assert cat.mo_file == 'domain.mo'
-    assert cat.po_path == os.path.join('path', 'domain.po')
-    assert cat.mo_path == os.path.join('path', 'domain.mo')
-
-
-def test_catalog_info_for_sub_domain_file_and_path():
-    cat = i18n.CatalogInfo('path', 'sub/domain', 'utf-8')
-    assert cat.po_file == 'sub/domain.po'
-    assert cat.mo_file == 'sub/domain.mo'
-    assert cat.po_path == os.path.join('path', 'sub/domain.po')
-    assert cat.mo_path == os.path.join('path', 'sub/domain.mo')
-
-
-def test_catalog_outdated(tmp_path):
-    (tmp_path / 'test.po').write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
-    cat = i18n.CatalogInfo(tmp_path, 'test', 'utf-8')
-    assert cat.is_outdated()  # if mo is not exist
-
-    mo_file = (tmp_path / 'test.mo')
-    mo_file.write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
-    assert not cat.is_outdated()  # if mo is exist and newer than po
-
-    os.utime(mo_file, (os.stat(mo_file).st_mtime - 10,) * 2)  # to be outdate
-    assert cat.is_outdated()  # if mo is exist and older than po
-
-
-def test_catalog_write_mo(tmp_path):
-    (tmp_path / 'test.po').write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
-    cat = i18n.CatalogInfo(tmp_path, 'test', 'utf-8')
-    cat.write_mo('en')
-    assert os.path.exists(cat.mo_path)
-    with open(cat.mo_path, 'rb') as f:
-        assert read_mo(f) is not None
-
-
-def test_format_date():
-    date = datetime.date(2016, 2, 7)
-
-    # strftime format
-    format = '%B %d, %Y'
-    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=date, language='') == 'February 07, 2016'
-    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=date, language='unknown') == 'February 07, 2016'
-    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=date, language='en') == 'February 07, 2016'
-    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=date, language='ja') == '2月 07, 2016'
-    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=date, language='de') == 'Februar 07, 2016'
-
-    # raw string
-    format = 'Mon Mar 28 12:37:08 2016, commit 4367aef'
-    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=date, language='en') == format
-
-    format = '%B %d, %Y, %H:%M:%S %I %p'
-    datet = datetime.datetime(2016, 2, 7, 5, 11, 17, 0)  # NoQA: DTZ001
-    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=datet, language='en') == 'February 07, 2016, 05:11:17 05 AM'
-
-    format = '%B %-d, %Y, %-H:%-M:%-S %-I %p'
-    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=datet, language='en') == 'February 7, 2016, 5:11:17 5 AM'
-    format = '%x'
-    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=datet, language='en') == 'Feb 7, 2016'
-    format = '%X'
-    if BABEL_VERSION >= (2, 12):
-        assert i18n.format_date(format, date=datet, language='en') == '5:11:17\u202fAM'
-    else:
-        assert i18n.format_date(format, date=datet, language='en') == '5:11:17 AM'
-    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=date, language='en') == 'Feb 7, 2016'
-    format = '%c'
-    if BABEL_VERSION >= (2, 12):
-        assert i18n.format_date(format, date=datet, language='en') == 'Feb 7, 2016, 5:11:17\u202fAM'
-    else:
-        assert i18n.format_date(format, date=datet, language='en') == 'Feb 7, 2016, 5:11:17 AM'
-    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=date, language='en') == 'Feb 7, 2016'
-
-    # timezone
-    format = '%Z'
-    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=datet, language='en') == 'UTC'
-    format = '%z'
-    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=datet, language='en') == '+0000'
-
-
-def test_get_filename_for_language(app):
-    app.env.temp_data['docname'] = 'index'
-
-    # language is en
-    app.env.config.language = 'en'
-    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('foo.png', app.env) == 'foo.en.png'
-    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('foo.bar.png', app.env) == 'foo.bar.en.png'
-    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('dir/foo.png', app.env) == 'dir/foo.en.png'
-    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('../foo.png', app.env) == '../foo.en.png'
-    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('foo', app.env) == 'foo.en'
-
-    # modify figure_language_filename and language is 'en'
-    app.env.config.language = 'en'
-    app.env.config.figure_language_filename = 'images/{language}/{root}{ext}'
-    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('foo.png', app.env) == 'images/en/foo.png'
-    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language(
-        'foo.bar.png', app.env) == 'images/en/foo.bar.png'
-    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language(
-        'subdir/foo.png', app.env) == 'images/en/subdir/foo.png'
-    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language(
-        '../foo.png', app.env) == 'images/en/../foo.png'
-    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('foo', app.env) == 'images/en/foo'
-
-    # new path and basename tokens
-    app.env.config.language = 'en'
-    app.env.config.figure_language_filename = '{path}{language}/{basename}{ext}'
-    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('foo.png', app.env) == 'en/foo.png'
-    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language(
-        'foo.bar.png', app.env) == 'en/foo.bar.png'
-    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language(
-        'subdir/foo.png', app.env) == 'subdir/en/foo.png'
-    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language(
-        '../foo.png', app.env) == '../en/foo.png'
-    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('foo', app.env) == 'en/foo'
-
-    # invalid figure_language_filename
-    app.env.config.figure_language_filename = '{root}.{invalid}{ext}'
-    with pytest.raises(SphinxError):
-        i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('foo.png', app.env)
-
-    # docpath (for a document in the top of source directory)
-    app.env.config.language = 'en'
-    app.env.config.figure_language_filename = '/{docpath}{language}/{basename}{ext}'
-    assert (i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('foo.png', app.env) ==
-            '/en/foo.png')
-
-    # docpath (for a document in the sub directory)
-    app.env.temp_data['docname'] = 'subdir/index'
-    assert (i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('foo.png', app.env) ==
-            '/subdir/en/foo.png')
-
-
-def test_CatalogRepository(tmp_path):
-    (tmp_path / 'loc1' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    (tmp_path / 'loc1' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'test1.po').write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
-    (tmp_path / 'loc1' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'test2.po').write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
-    (tmp_path / 'loc1' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'sub').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    (tmp_path / 'loc1' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'sub' / 'test3.po').write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
-    (tmp_path / 'loc1' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'sub' / 'test4.po').write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
-    (tmp_path / 'loc1' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / '.dotdir').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    (tmp_path / 'loc1' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / '.dotdir' / 'test5.po').write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
-    (tmp_path / 'loc1' / 'yy' / 'LC_MESSAGES').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    (tmp_path / 'loc1' / 'yy' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'test6.po').write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
-    (tmp_path / 'loc2' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    (tmp_path / 'loc2' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'test1.po').write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
-    (tmp_path / 'loc2' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'test7.po').write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
-
-    # for language xx
-    repo = i18n.CatalogRepository(tmp_path, ['loc1', 'loc2'], 'xx', 'utf-8')
-    assert list(repo.locale_dirs) == [str(tmp_path / 'loc1'),
-                                      str(tmp_path / 'loc2')]
-    assert all(isinstance(c, i18n.CatalogInfo) for c in repo.catalogs)
-    assert sorted(c.domain for c in repo.catalogs) == ['sub/test3', 'sub/test4',
-                                                       'test1', 'test1', 'test2', 'test7']
-
-    # for language yy
-    repo = i18n.CatalogRepository(tmp_path, ['loc1', 'loc2'], 'yy', 'utf-8')
-    assert sorted(c.domain for c in repo.catalogs) == ['test6']
-
-    # unknown languages
-    repo = i18n.CatalogRepository(tmp_path, ['loc1', 'loc2'], 'zz', 'utf-8')
-    assert sorted(c.domain for c in repo.catalogs) == []
-
-    # no languages
-    repo = i18n.CatalogRepository(tmp_path, ['loc1', 'loc2'], None, 'utf-8')
-    assert sorted(c.domain for c in repo.catalogs) == []
-
-    # unknown locale_dirs
-    repo = i18n.CatalogRepository(tmp_path, ['loc3'], None, 'utf-8')
-    assert sorted(c.domain for c in repo.catalogs) == []
-
-    # no locale_dirs
-    repo = i18n.CatalogRepository(tmp_path, [], None, 'utf-8')
-    assert sorted(c.domain for c in repo.catalogs) == []
diff --git a/tests/test_util_images.py b/tests/test_util_images.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 15853c7..0000000
--- a/tests/test_util_images.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-"""Test images util."""
-
-import pytest
-
-from sphinx.util.images import (
-    get_image_extension,
-    get_image_size,
-    guess_mimetype,
-    parse_data_uri,
-)
-
-GIF_FILENAME = 'img.gif'
-PNG_FILENAME = 'img.png'
-PDF_FILENAME = 'img.pdf'
-TXT_FILENAME = 'index.txt'
-
-
-def test_get_image_size(rootdir):
-    assert get_image_size(rootdir / 'test-root' / GIF_FILENAME) == (200, 181)
-    assert get_image_size(rootdir / 'test-root' / PNG_FILENAME) == (200, 181)
-    assert get_image_size(rootdir / 'test-root' / PDF_FILENAME) is None
-    assert get_image_size(rootdir / 'test-root' / TXT_FILENAME) is None
-
-
-@pytest.mark.filterwarnings('ignore:The content argument')
-def test_guess_mimetype():
-    # guess by filename
-    assert guess_mimetype('img.png') == 'image/png'
-    assert guess_mimetype('img.jpg') == 'image/jpeg'
-    assert guess_mimetype('img.txt') is None
-    assert guess_mimetype('img.txt', default='text/plain') == 'text/plain'
-    assert guess_mimetype('no_extension') is None
-    assert guess_mimetype('IMG.PNG') == 'image/png'
-
-    # default parameter is used when no extension
-    assert guess_mimetype('img.png', 'text/plain') == 'image/png'
-    assert guess_mimetype('no_extension', 'text/plain') == 'text/plain'
-
-
-def test_get_image_extension():
-    assert get_image_extension('image/png') == '.png'
-    assert get_image_extension('image/jpeg') == '.jpg'
-    assert get_image_extension('image/svg+xml') == '.svg'
-    assert get_image_extension('text/plain') is None
-
-
-def test_parse_data_uri():
-    # standard case
-    uri = ("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4"
-           "//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==")
-    image = parse_data_uri(uri)
-    assert image is not None
-    assert image.mimetype == 'image/png'
-    assert image.charset == 'US-ASCII'
-
-    # no mimetype
-    uri = ("data:charset=utf-8,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElE"
-           "QVQI12P4//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==")
-    image = parse_data_uri(uri)
-    assert image is not None
-    assert image.mimetype == 'text/plain'
-    assert image.charset == 'utf-8'
-
-    # non data URI
-    uri = ("image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4"
-           "//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==")
-    image = parse_data_uri(uri)
-    assert image is None
-
-    # invalid data URI (no properties)
-    uri = ("data:iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4"
-           "//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==")
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r'not enough values to unpack \(expected 2, got 1\)'):
-        parse_data_uri(uri)
diff --git a/tests/test_util_inspect.py b/tests/test_util_inspect.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 73f9656..0000000
--- a/tests/test_util_inspect.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,869 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests util.inspect functions."""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import ast
-import datetime
-import enum
-import functools
-import sys
-import types
-from inspect import Parameter
-from typing import Callable, List, Optional, Union  # NoQA: UP035
-
-import pytest
-
-from sphinx.util import inspect
-from sphinx.util.inspect import TypeAliasForwardRef, TypeAliasNamespace, stringify_signature
-from sphinx.util.typing import stringify_annotation
-
-
-class Base:
-    def meth(self):
-        pass
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def staticmeth():
-        pass
-
-    @classmethod
-    def classmeth(cls):
-        pass
-
-    @property
-    def prop(self):
-        pass
-
-    partialmeth = functools.partialmethod(meth)
-
-    async def coroutinemeth(self):
-        pass
-
-    partial_coroutinemeth = functools.partialmethod(coroutinemeth)
-
-    @classmethod
-    async def coroutineclassmeth(cls):
-        """A documented coroutine classmethod"""
-        pass
-
-
-class Inherited(Base):
-    pass
-
-
-def func():
-    pass
-
-
-async def coroutinefunc():
-    pass
-
-
-async def asyncgenerator():
-    yield
-
-partial_func = functools.partial(func)
-partial_coroutinefunc = functools.partial(coroutinefunc)
-
-builtin_func = print
-partial_builtin_func = functools.partial(print)
-
-
-class Descriptor:
-    def __get__(self, obj, typ=None):
-        pass
-
-
-class _Callable:
-    def __call__(self):
-        pass
-
-
-def _decorator(f):
-    @functools.wraps(f)
-    def wrapper():
-        return f()
-    return wrapper
-
-
-def test_TypeAliasForwardRef():
-    alias = TypeAliasForwardRef('example')
-    assert stringify_annotation(alias, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == 'example'
-
-    alias = Optional[alias]
-    assert stringify_annotation(alias, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == 'example | None'
-
-
-def test_TypeAliasNamespace():
-    import logging.config
-    type_alias = TypeAliasNamespace({'logging.Filter': 'MyFilter',
-                                     'logging.Handler': 'MyHandler',
-                                     'logging.handlers.SyslogHandler': 'MySyslogHandler'})
-
-    assert type_alias['logging'].Filter == 'MyFilter'
-    assert type_alias['logging'].Handler == 'MyHandler'
-    assert type_alias['logging'].handlers.SyslogHandler == 'MySyslogHandler'
-    assert type_alias['logging'].Logger == logging.Logger
-    assert type_alias['logging'].config == logging.config
-
-    with pytest.raises(KeyError):
-        assert type_alias['log']
-
-    with pytest.raises(KeyError):
-        assert type_alias['unknown']
-
-
-def test_signature():
-    # literals
-    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-        inspect.signature(1)
-
-    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-        inspect.signature('')
-
-    # builtins are supported on a case-by-case basis, depending on whether
-    # they define __text_signature__
-    if getattr(list, '__text_signature__', None):
-        sig = inspect.stringify_signature(inspect.signature(list))
-        assert sig == '(iterable=(), /)'
-    else:
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='no signature found for builtin type'):
-            inspect.signature(list)
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='no signature found for builtin type'):
-        inspect.signature(range)
-
-    # normal function
-    def func(a, b, c=1, d=2, *e, **f):
-        pass
-
-    sig = inspect.stringify_signature(inspect.signature(func))
-    assert sig == '(a, b, c=1, d=2, *e, **f)'
-
-
-def test_signature_partial():
-    def fun(a, b, c=1, d=2):
-        pass
-    p = functools.partial(fun, 10, c=11)
-
-    sig = inspect.signature(p)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(b, *, c=11, d=2)'
-
-
-def test_signature_methods():
-    class Foo:
-        def meth1(self, arg1, **kwargs):
-            pass
-
-        @classmethod
-        def meth2(cls, arg1, *args, **kwargs):
-            pass
-
-        @staticmethod
-        def meth3(arg1, *args, **kwargs):
-            pass
-
-    @functools.wraps(Foo().meth1)
-    def wrapped_bound_method(*args, **kwargs):
-        pass
-
-    # unbound method
-    sig = inspect.signature(Foo.meth1)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(self, arg1, **kwargs)'
-
-    sig = inspect.signature(Foo.meth1, bound_method=True)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg1, **kwargs)'
-
-    # bound method
-    sig = inspect.signature(Foo().meth1)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg1, **kwargs)'
-
-    # class method
-    sig = inspect.signature(Foo.meth2)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg1, *args, **kwargs)'
-
-    sig = inspect.signature(Foo().meth2)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg1, *args, **kwargs)'
-
-    # static method
-    sig = inspect.signature(Foo.meth3)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg1, *args, **kwargs)'
-
-    sig = inspect.signature(Foo().meth3)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg1, *args, **kwargs)'
-
-    # wrapped bound method
-    sig = inspect.signature(wrapped_bound_method)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg1, **kwargs)'
-
-
-def test_signature_partialmethod():
-    from functools import partialmethod
-
-    class Foo:
-        def meth1(self, arg1, arg2, arg3=None, arg4=None):
-            pass
-
-        def meth2(self, arg1, arg2):
-            pass
-
-        foo = partialmethod(meth1, 1, 2)
-        bar = partialmethod(meth1, 1, arg3=3)
-        baz = partialmethod(meth2, 1, 2)
-
-    subject = Foo()
-    sig = inspect.signature(subject.foo)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg3=None, arg4=None)'
-
-    sig = inspect.signature(subject.bar)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg2, *, arg3=3, arg4=None)'
-
-    sig = inspect.signature(subject.baz)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '()'
-
-
-def test_signature_annotations():
-    from .typing_test_data import (
-        Node,
-        f0,
-        f1,
-        f2,
-        f3,
-        f4,
-        f5,
-        f6,
-        f7,
-        f8,
-        f9,
-        f10,
-        f11,
-        f12,
-        f13,
-        f14,
-        f15,
-        f16,
-        f17,
-        f18,
-        f19,
-        f20,
-        f21,
-        f22,
-        f23,
-        f24,
-        f25,
-    )
-
-    # Class annotations
-    sig = inspect.signature(f0)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: int, y: numbers.Integral) -> None'
-
-    # Generic types with concrete parameters
-    sig = inspect.signature(f1)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: list[int]) -> typing.List[int]'
-
-    # TypeVars and generic types with TypeVars
-    sig = inspect.signature(f2)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == ('(x: typing.List[tests.typing_test_data.T],'
-                                        ' y: typing.List[tests.typing_test_data.T_co],'
-                                        ' z: tests.typing_test_data.T'
-                                        ') -> typing.List[tests.typing_test_data.T_contra]')
-
-    # Union types
-    sig = inspect.signature(f3)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: str | numbers.Integral) -> None'
-
-    # Quoted annotations
-    sig = inspect.signature(f4)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: str, y: str) -> None'
-
-    # Keyword-only arguments
-    sig = inspect.signature(f5)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: int, *, y: str, z: str) -> None'
-
-    # Keyword-only arguments with varargs
-    sig = inspect.signature(f6)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: int, *args, y: str, z: str) -> None'
-
-    # Space around '=' for defaults
-    sig = inspect.signature(f7)
-    if sys.version_info[:2] <= (3, 10):
-        assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: int | None = None, y: dict = {}) -> None'
-    else:
-        assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: int = None, y: dict = {}) -> None'
-
-    # Callable types
-    sig = inspect.signature(f8)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: typing.Callable[[int, str], int]) -> None'
-
-    sig = inspect.signature(f9)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: typing.Callable) -> None'
-
-    # Tuple types
-    sig = inspect.signature(f10)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: typing.Tuple[int, str], y: typing.Tuple[int, ...]) -> None'
-
-    # Instance annotations
-    sig = inspect.signature(f11)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: CustomAnnotation, y: 123) -> None'
-
-    # tuple with more than two items
-    sig = inspect.signature(f12)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '() -> typing.Tuple[int, str, int]'
-
-    # optional
-    sig = inspect.signature(f13)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '() -> str | None'
-
-    # optional union
-    sig = inspect.signature(f20)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) in ('() -> int | str | None',
-                                        '() -> str | int | None')
-
-    # Any
-    sig = inspect.signature(f14)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '() -> typing.Any'
-
-    # ForwardRef
-    sig = inspect.signature(f15)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: Unknown, y: int) -> typing.Any'
-
-    # keyword only arguments (1)
-    sig = inspect.signature(f16)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg1, arg2, *, arg3=None, arg4=None)'
-
-    # keyword only arguments (2)
-    sig = inspect.signature(f17)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(*, arg3, arg4)'
-
-    sig = inspect.signature(f18)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == ('(self, arg1: int | typing.Tuple = 10) -> '
-                                        'typing.List[typing.Dict]')
-
-    # annotations for variadic and keyword parameters
-    sig = inspect.signature(f19)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(*args: int, **kwargs: str)'
-
-    # default value is inspect.Signature.empty
-    sig = inspect.signature(f21)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == "(arg1='whatever', arg2)"
-
-    # type hints by string
-    sig = inspect.signature(Node.children)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(self) -> typing.List[tests.typing_test_data.Node]'
-
-    sig = inspect.signature(Node.__init__)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(self, parent: tests.typing_test_data.Node | None) -> None'
-
-    # show_annotation is False
-    sig = inspect.signature(f7)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig, show_annotation=False) == '(x=None, y={})'
-
-    # show_return_annotation is False
-    sig = inspect.signature(f7)
-    if sys.version_info[:2] <= (3, 10):
-        assert stringify_signature(sig, show_return_annotation=False) == '(x: int | None = None, y: dict = {})'
-    else:
-        assert stringify_signature(sig, show_return_annotation=False) == '(x: int = None, y: dict = {})'
-
-    # unqualified_typehints is True
-    sig = inspect.signature(f7)
-    if sys.version_info[:2] <= (3, 10):
-        assert stringify_signature(sig, unqualified_typehints=True) == '(x: int | None = None, y: dict = {}) -> None'
-    else:
-        assert stringify_signature(sig, unqualified_typehints=True) == '(x: int = None, y: dict = {}) -> None'
-
-    # case: separator at head
-    sig = inspect.signature(f22)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(*, a, b)'
-
-    # case: separator in the middle
-    sig = inspect.signature(f23)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(a, b, /, c, d)'
-
-    sig = inspect.signature(f24)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(a, /, *, b)'
-
-    # case: separator at tail
-    sig = inspect.signature(f25)
-    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(a, b, /)'
-
-
-def test_signature_from_str_basic():
-    signature = '(a, b, *args, c=0, d="blah", **kwargs)'
-    sig = inspect.signature_from_str(signature)
-    assert list(sig.parameters.keys()) == ['a', 'b', 'args', 'c', 'd', 'kwargs']
-    assert sig.parameters['a'].name == 'a'
-    assert sig.parameters['a'].kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD
-    assert sig.parameters['a'].default == Parameter.empty
-    assert sig.parameters['a'].annotation == Parameter.empty
-    assert sig.parameters['b'].name == 'b'
-    assert sig.parameters['b'].kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD
-    assert sig.parameters['b'].default == Parameter.empty
-    assert sig.parameters['b'].annotation == Parameter.empty
-    assert sig.parameters['args'].name == 'args'
-    assert sig.parameters['args'].kind == Parameter.VAR_POSITIONAL
-    assert sig.parameters['args'].default == Parameter.empty
-    assert sig.parameters['args'].annotation == Parameter.empty
-    assert sig.parameters['c'].name == 'c'
-    assert sig.parameters['c'].kind == Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY
-    assert sig.parameters['c'].default == '0'
-    assert sig.parameters['c'].annotation == Parameter.empty
-    assert sig.parameters['d'].name == 'd'
-    assert sig.parameters['d'].kind == Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY
-    assert sig.parameters['d'].default == "'blah'"
-    assert sig.parameters['d'].annotation == Parameter.empty
-    assert sig.parameters['kwargs'].name == 'kwargs'
-    assert sig.parameters['kwargs'].kind == Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD
-    assert sig.parameters['kwargs'].default == Parameter.empty
-    assert sig.parameters['kwargs'].annotation == Parameter.empty
-    assert sig.return_annotation == Parameter.empty
-
-
-def test_signature_from_str_default_values():
-    signature = ('(a=0, b=0.0, c="str", d=b"bytes", e=..., f=True, '
-                 'g=[1, 2, 3], h={"a": 1}, i={1, 2, 3}, '
-                 'j=lambda x, y: None, k=None, l=object(), m=foo.bar.CONSTANT)')
-    sig = inspect.signature_from_str(signature)
-    assert sig.parameters['a'].default == '0'
-    assert sig.parameters['b'].default == '0.0'
-    assert sig.parameters['c'].default == "'str'"
-    assert sig.parameters['d'].default == "b'bytes'"
-    assert sig.parameters['e'].default == '...'
-    assert sig.parameters['f'].default == 'True'
-    assert sig.parameters['g'].default == '[1, 2, 3]'
-    assert sig.parameters['h'].default == "{'a': 1}"
-    assert sig.parameters['i'].default == '{1, 2, 3}'
-    assert sig.parameters['j'].default == 'lambda x, y: ...'
-    assert sig.parameters['k'].default == 'None'
-    assert sig.parameters['l'].default == 'object()'
-    assert sig.parameters['m'].default == 'foo.bar.CONSTANT'
-
-
-def test_signature_from_str_annotations():
-    signature = '(a: int, *args: bytes, b: str = "blah", **kwargs: float) -> None'
-    sig = inspect.signature_from_str(signature)
-    assert list(sig.parameters.keys()) == ['a', 'args', 'b', 'kwargs']
-    assert sig.parameters['a'].annotation == "int"
-    assert sig.parameters['args'].annotation == "bytes"
-    assert sig.parameters['b'].annotation == "str"
-    assert sig.parameters['kwargs'].annotation == "float"
-    assert sig.return_annotation == 'None'
-
-
-def test_signature_from_str_complex_annotations():
-    sig = inspect.signature_from_str('() -> Tuple[str, int, ...]')
-    assert sig.return_annotation == 'Tuple[str, int, ...]'
-
-    sig = inspect.signature_from_str('() -> Callable[[int, int], int]')
-    assert sig.return_annotation == 'Callable[[int, int], int]'
-
-
-def test_signature_from_str_kwonly_args():
-    sig = inspect.signature_from_str('(a, *, b)')
-    assert list(sig.parameters.keys()) == ['a', 'b']
-    assert sig.parameters['a'].kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD
-    assert sig.parameters['a'].default == Parameter.empty
-    assert sig.parameters['b'].kind == Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY
-    assert sig.parameters['b'].default == Parameter.empty
-
-
-def test_signature_from_str_positionaly_only_args():
-    sig = inspect.signature_from_str('(a, b=0, /, c=1)')
-    assert list(sig.parameters.keys()) == ['a', 'b', 'c']
-    assert sig.parameters['a'].kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY
-    assert sig.parameters['a'].default == Parameter.empty
-    assert sig.parameters['b'].kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY
-    assert sig.parameters['b'].default == '0'
-    assert sig.parameters['c'].kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD
-    assert sig.parameters['c'].default == '1'
-
-
-def test_signature_from_str_invalid():
-    with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
-        inspect.signature_from_str('')
-
-
-def test_signature_from_ast():
-    signature = 'def func(a, b, *args, c=0, d="blah", **kwargs): pass'
-    tree = ast.parse(signature)
-    sig = inspect.signature_from_ast(tree.body[0])
-    assert list(sig.parameters.keys()) == ['a', 'b', 'args', 'c', 'd', 'kwargs']
-    assert sig.parameters['a'].name == 'a'
-    assert sig.parameters['a'].kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD
-    assert sig.parameters['a'].default == Parameter.empty
-    assert sig.parameters['a'].annotation == Parameter.empty
-    assert sig.parameters['b'].name == 'b'
-    assert sig.parameters['b'].kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD
-    assert sig.parameters['b'].default == Parameter.empty
-    assert sig.parameters['b'].annotation == Parameter.empty
-    assert sig.parameters['args'].name == 'args'
-    assert sig.parameters['args'].kind == Parameter.VAR_POSITIONAL
-    assert sig.parameters['args'].default == Parameter.empty
-    assert sig.parameters['args'].annotation == Parameter.empty
-    assert sig.parameters['c'].name == 'c'
-    assert sig.parameters['c'].kind == Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY
-    assert sig.parameters['c'].default == '0'
-    assert sig.parameters['c'].annotation == Parameter.empty
-    assert sig.parameters['d'].name == 'd'
-    assert sig.parameters['d'].kind == Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY
-    assert sig.parameters['d'].default == "'blah'"
-    assert sig.parameters['d'].annotation == Parameter.empty
-    assert sig.parameters['kwargs'].name == 'kwargs'
-    assert sig.parameters['kwargs'].kind == Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD
-    assert sig.parameters['kwargs'].default == Parameter.empty
-    assert sig.parameters['kwargs'].annotation == Parameter.empty
-    assert sig.return_annotation == Parameter.empty
-
-
-def test_safe_getattr_with_default():
-    class Foo:
-        def __getattr__(self, item):
-            raise Exception
-
-    obj = Foo()
-
-    result = inspect.safe_getattr(obj, 'bar', 'baz')
-
-    assert result == 'baz'
-
-
-def test_safe_getattr_with_exception():
-    class Foo:
-        def __getattr__(self, item):
-            raise Exception
-
-    obj = Foo()
-
-    with pytest.raises(AttributeError, match='bar'):
-        inspect.safe_getattr(obj, 'bar')
-
-
-def test_safe_getattr_with_property_exception():
-    class Foo:
-        @property
-        def bar(self):
-            raise Exception
-
-    obj = Foo()
-
-    with pytest.raises(AttributeError, match='bar'):
-        inspect.safe_getattr(obj, 'bar')
-
-
-def test_safe_getattr_with___dict___override():
-    class Foo:
-        @property
-        def __dict__(self):
-            raise Exception
-
-    obj = Foo()
-
-    with pytest.raises(AttributeError, match='bar'):
-        inspect.safe_getattr(obj, 'bar')
-
-
-def test_dictionary_sorting():
-    dictionary = {"c": 3, "a": 1, "d": 2, "b": 4}
-    description = inspect.object_description(dictionary)
-    assert description == "{'a': 1, 'b': 4, 'c': 3, 'd': 2}"
-
-
-def test_set_sorting():
-    set_ = set("gfedcba")
-    description = inspect.object_description(set_)
-    assert description == "{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g'}"
-
-
-def test_set_sorting_enum():
-    class MyEnum(enum.Enum):
-        a = 1
-        b = 2
-        c = 3
-
-    set_ = set(MyEnum)
-    description = inspect.object_description(set_)
-    assert description == "{MyEnum.a, MyEnum.b, MyEnum.c}"
-
-
-def test_set_sorting_fallback():
-    set_ = {None, 1}
-    description = inspect.object_description(set_)
-    assert description == "{1, None}"
-
-
-def test_deterministic_nested_collection_descriptions():
-    # sortable
-    assert inspect.object_description([{1, 2, 3, 10}]) == "[{1, 2, 3, 10}]"
-    assert inspect.object_description(({1, 2, 3, 10},)) == "({1, 2, 3, 10},)"
-    # non-sortable (elements of varying datatype)
-    assert inspect.object_description([{None, 1}]) == "[{1, None}]"
-    assert inspect.object_description(({None, 1},)) == "({1, None},)"
-    assert inspect.object_description([{None, 1, 'A'}]) == "[{'A', 1, None}]"
-    assert inspect.object_description(({None, 1, 'A'},)) == "({'A', 1, None},)"
-
-
-def test_frozenset_sorting():
-    frozenset_ = frozenset("gfedcba")
-    description = inspect.object_description(frozenset_)
-    assert description == "frozenset({'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g'})"
-
-
-def test_frozenset_sorting_fallback():
-    frozenset_ = frozenset((None, 1))
-    description = inspect.object_description(frozenset_)
-    assert description == "frozenset({1, None})"
-
-
-def test_nested_tuple_sorting():
-    tuple_ = ({"c", "b", "a"},)  # nb. trailing comma
-    description = inspect.object_description(tuple_)
-    assert description == "({'a', 'b', 'c'},)"
-
-    tuple_ = ({"c", "b", "a"}, {"f", "e", "d"})
-    description = inspect.object_description(tuple_)
-    assert description == "({'a', 'b', 'c'}, {'d', 'e', 'f'})"
-
-
-def test_recursive_collection_description():
-    dict_a_, dict_b_ = {"a": 1}, {"b": 2}
-    dict_a_["link"], dict_b_["link"] = dict_b_, dict_a_
-    description_a, description_b = (
-        inspect.object_description(dict_a_),
-        inspect.object_description(dict_b_),
-    )
-    assert description_a == "{'a': 1, 'link': {'b': 2, 'link': dict(...)}}"
-    assert description_b == "{'b': 2, 'link': {'a': 1, 'link': dict(...)}}"
-
-    list_c_, list_d_ = [1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8]
-    list_c_.append(list_d_)
-    list_d_.append(list_c_)
-    description_c, description_d = (
-        inspect.object_description(list_c_),
-        inspect.object_description(list_d_),
-    )
-
-    assert description_c == "[1, 2, 3, 4, [5, 6, 7, 8, list(...)]]"
-    assert description_d == "[5, 6, 7, 8, [1, 2, 3, 4, list(...)]]"
-
-
-def test_dict_customtype():
-    class CustomType:
-        def __init__(self, value):
-            self._value = value
-
-        def __repr__(self):
-            return "<CustomType(%r)>" % self._value
-
-    dictionary = {CustomType(2): 2, CustomType(1): 1}
-    description = inspect.object_description(dictionary)
-    # Type is unsortable, just check that it does not crash
-    assert "<CustomType(2)>: 2" in description
-
-
-def test_object_description_enum():
-    class MyEnum(enum.Enum):
-        FOO = 1
-        BAR = 2
-
-    assert inspect.object_description(MyEnum.FOO) == "MyEnum.FOO"
-
-
-def test_getslots():
-    class Foo:
-        pass
-
-    class Bar:
-        __slots__ = ['attr']
-
-    class Baz:
-        __slots__ = {'attr': 'docstring'}
-
-    class Qux:
-        __slots__ = 'attr'
-
-    assert inspect.getslots(Foo) is None
-    assert inspect.getslots(Bar) == {'attr': None}
-    assert inspect.getslots(Baz) == {'attr': 'docstring'}
-    assert inspect.getslots(Qux) == {'attr': None}
-
-    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-        inspect.getslots(Bar())
-
-
-def test_isclassmethod():
-    assert inspect.isclassmethod(Base.classmeth) is True
-    assert inspect.isclassmethod(Base.meth) is False
-    assert inspect.isclassmethod(Inherited.classmeth) is True
-    assert inspect.isclassmethod(Inherited.meth) is False
-
-
-def test_isstaticmethod():
-    assert inspect.isstaticmethod(Base.staticmeth, Base, 'staticmeth') is True
-    assert inspect.isstaticmethod(Base.meth, Base, 'meth') is False
-    assert inspect.isstaticmethod(Inherited.staticmeth, Inherited, 'staticmeth') is True
-    assert inspect.isstaticmethod(Inherited.meth, Inherited, 'meth') is False
-
-
-def test_iscoroutinefunction():
-    assert inspect.iscoroutinefunction(func) is False                   # function
-    assert inspect.iscoroutinefunction(coroutinefunc) is True           # coroutine
-    assert inspect.iscoroutinefunction(partial_coroutinefunc) is True   # partial-ed coroutine
-    assert inspect.iscoroutinefunction(Base.meth) is False              # method
-    assert inspect.iscoroutinefunction(Base.coroutinemeth) is True      # coroutine-method
-    assert inspect.iscoroutinefunction(Base.__dict__["coroutineclassmeth"]) is True      # coroutine classmethod
-
-    # partial-ed coroutine-method
-    partial_coroutinemeth = Base.__dict__['partial_coroutinemeth']
-    assert inspect.iscoroutinefunction(partial_coroutinemeth) is True
-
-
-def test_iscoroutinefunction_wrapped():
-    # function wrapping a callable obj
-    assert inspect.isfunction(_decorator(coroutinefunc)) is True
-
-
-def test_isfunction():
-    assert inspect.isfunction(func) is True                     # function
-    assert inspect.isfunction(partial_func) is True             # partial-ed function
-    assert inspect.isfunction(Base.meth) is True                # method of class
-    assert inspect.isfunction(Base.partialmeth) is True         # partial-ed method of class
-    assert inspect.isfunction(Base().meth) is False             # method of instance
-    assert inspect.isfunction(builtin_func) is False            # builtin function
-    assert inspect.isfunction(partial_builtin_func) is False    # partial-ed builtin function
-
-
-def test_isfunction_wrapped():
-    # function wrapping a callable obj
-    assert inspect.isfunction(_decorator(_Callable())) is True
-
-
-def test_isbuiltin():
-    assert inspect.isbuiltin(builtin_func) is True          # builtin function
-    assert inspect.isbuiltin(partial_builtin_func) is True  # partial-ed builtin function
-    assert inspect.isbuiltin(func) is False                 # function
-    assert inspect.isbuiltin(partial_func) is False         # partial-ed function
-    assert inspect.isbuiltin(Base.meth) is False            # method of class
-    assert inspect.isbuiltin(Base().meth) is False          # method of instance
-
-
-def test_isdescriptor():
-    assert inspect.isdescriptor(Base.prop) is True      # property of class
-    assert inspect.isdescriptor(Base().prop) is False   # property of instance
-    assert inspect.isdescriptor(Base.meth) is True      # method of class
-    assert inspect.isdescriptor(Base().meth) is True    # method of instance
-    assert inspect.isdescriptor(func) is True           # function
-
-
-def test_isattributedescriptor():
-    assert inspect.isattributedescriptor(Base.prop) is True                    # property
-    assert inspect.isattributedescriptor(Base.meth) is False                   # method
-    assert inspect.isattributedescriptor(Base.staticmeth) is False             # staticmethod
-    assert inspect.isattributedescriptor(Base.classmeth) is False              # classmetho
-    assert inspect.isattributedescriptor(Descriptor) is False                  # custom descriptor class
-    assert inspect.isattributedescriptor(str.join) is False                    # MethodDescriptorType
-    assert inspect.isattributedescriptor(object.__init__) is False             # WrapperDescriptorType
-    assert inspect.isattributedescriptor(dict.__dict__['fromkeys']) is False   # ClassMethodDescriptorType
-    assert inspect.isattributedescriptor(types.FrameType.f_locals) is True     # GetSetDescriptorType
-    assert inspect.isattributedescriptor(datetime.timedelta.days) is True      # MemberDescriptorType
-
-    try:
-        # _testcapi module cannot be importable in some distro
-        # refs: https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/9868
-        import _testcapi
-
-        testinstancemethod = _testcapi.instancemethod(str.__repr__)
-        assert inspect.isattributedescriptor(testinstancemethod) is False      # instancemethod (C-API)
-    except ImportError:
-        pass
-
-
-def test_isproperty():
-    assert inspect.isproperty(Base.prop) is True        # property of class
-    assert inspect.isproperty(Base().prop) is False     # property of instance
-    assert inspect.isproperty(Base.meth) is False       # method of class
-    assert inspect.isproperty(Base().meth) is False     # method of instance
-    assert inspect.isproperty(func) is False            # function
-
-
-def test_isgenericalias():
-    #: A list of int
-    T = List[int]  # NoQA: UP006
-    S = list[Union[str, None]]
-
-    C = Callable[[int], None]  # a generic alias not having a doccomment
-
-    assert inspect.isgenericalias(C) is True
-    assert inspect.isgenericalias(Callable) is True
-    assert inspect.isgenericalias(T) is True
-    assert inspect.isgenericalias(List) is True  # NoQA: UP006
-    assert inspect.isgenericalias(S) is True
-    assert inspect.isgenericalias(list) is False
-    assert inspect.isgenericalias([]) is False
-    assert inspect.isgenericalias(object()) is False
-    assert inspect.isgenericalias(Base) is False
-
-
-def test_unpartial():
-    def func1(a, b, c):
-        pass
-
-    func2 = functools.partial(func1, 1)
-    func2.__doc__ = "func2"
-    func3 = functools.partial(func2, 2)  # nested partial object
-
-    assert inspect.unpartial(func2) is func1
-    assert inspect.unpartial(func3) is func1
-
-
-def test_getdoc_inherited_classmethod():
-    class Foo:
-        @classmethod
-        def meth(self):
-            """
-            docstring
-                indented text
-            """
-
-    class Bar(Foo):
-        @classmethod
-        def meth(self):
-            # inherited classmethod
-            pass
-
-    assert inspect.getdoc(Bar.meth, getattr, False, Bar, "meth") is None
-    assert inspect.getdoc(Bar.meth, getattr, True, Bar, "meth") == Foo.meth.__doc__
-
-
-def test_getdoc_inherited_decorated_method():
-    class Foo:
-        def meth(self):
-            """
-            docstring
-                indented text
-            """
-
-    class Bar(Foo):
-        @functools.lru_cache  # noqa: B019
-        def meth(self):
-            # inherited and decorated method
-            pass
-
-    assert inspect.getdoc(Bar.meth, getattr, False, Bar, "meth") is None
-    assert inspect.getdoc(Bar.meth, getattr, True, Bar, "meth") == Foo.meth.__doc__
-
-
-def test_is_builtin_class_method():
-    class MyInt(int):
-        def my_method(self):
-            pass
-
-    assert inspect.is_builtin_class_method(MyInt, 'to_bytes')
-    assert inspect.is_builtin_class_method(MyInt, '__init__')
-    assert not inspect.is_builtin_class_method(MyInt, 'my_method')
-    assert not inspect.is_builtin_class_method(MyInt, 'does_not_exist')
-    assert not inspect.is_builtin_class_method(4, 'still does not crash')
-
-    class ObjectWithMroAttr:
-        def __init__(self, mro_attr):
-            self.__mro__ = mro_attr
-
-    assert not inspect.is_builtin_class_method(ObjectWithMroAttr([1, 2, 3]), 'still does not crash')
diff --git a/tests/test_util_inventory.py b/tests/test_util_inventory.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 2c20763..0000000
--- a/tests/test_util_inventory.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
-"""Test inventory util functions."""
-import os
-import posixpath
-import zlib
-from io import BytesIO
-
-from sphinx.testing.util import SphinxTestApp
-from sphinx.util.inventory import InventoryFile
-
-inventory_v1 = b'''\
-# Sphinx inventory version 1
-# Project: foo
-# Version: 1.0
-module mod foo.html
-module.cls class foo.html
-'''
-
-inventory_v2 = b'''\
-# Sphinx inventory version 2
-# Project: foo
-# Version: 2.0
-# The remainder of this file is compressed with zlib.
-''' + zlib.compress(b'''\
-module1 py:module 0 foo.html#module-module1 Long Module desc
-module2 py:module 0 foo.html#module-$ -
-module1.func py:function 1 sub/foo.html#$ -
-module1.Foo.bar py:method 1 index.html#foo.Bar.baz -
-CFunc c:function 2 cfunc.html#CFunc -
-std cpp:type 1 index.html#std -
-std::uint8_t cpp:type 1 index.html#std_uint8_t -
-foo::Bar cpp:class 1 index.html#cpp_foo_bar -
-foo::Bar::baz cpp:function 1 index.html#cpp_foo_bar_baz -
-foons cpp:type 1 index.html#foons -
-foons::bartype cpp:type 1 index.html#foons_bartype -
-a term std:term -1 glossary.html#term-a-term -
-ls.-l std:cmdoption 1 index.html#cmdoption-ls-l -
-docname std:doc -1 docname.html -
-foo js:module 1 index.html#foo -
-foo.bar js:class 1 index.html#foo.bar -
-foo.bar.baz js:method 1 index.html#foo.bar.baz -
-foo.bar.qux js:data 1 index.html#foo.bar.qux -
-a term including:colon std:term -1 glossary.html#term-a-term-including-colon -
-''')
-
-inventory_v2_not_having_version = b'''\
-# Sphinx inventory version 2
-# Project: foo
-# Version:
-# The remainder of this file is compressed with zlib.
-''' + zlib.compress(b'''\
-module1 py:module 0 foo.html#module-module1 Long Module desc
-''')
-
-
-def test_read_inventory_v1():
-    f = BytesIO(inventory_v1)
-    invdata = InventoryFile.load(f, '/util', posixpath.join)
-    assert invdata['py:module']['module'] == \
-        ('foo', '1.0', '/util/foo.html#module-module', '-')
-    assert invdata['py:class']['module.cls'] == \
-        ('foo', '1.0', '/util/foo.html#module.cls', '-')
-
-
-def test_read_inventory_v2():
-    f = BytesIO(inventory_v2)
-    invdata = InventoryFile.load(f, '/util', posixpath.join)
-
-    assert len(invdata['py:module']) == 2
-    assert invdata['py:module']['module1'] == \
-        ('foo', '2.0', '/util/foo.html#module-module1', 'Long Module desc')
-    assert invdata['py:module']['module2'] == \
-        ('foo', '2.0', '/util/foo.html#module-module2', '-')
-    assert invdata['py:function']['module1.func'][2] == \
-        '/util/sub/foo.html#module1.func'
-    assert invdata['c:function']['CFunc'][2] == '/util/cfunc.html#CFunc'
-    assert invdata['std:term']['a term'][2] == \
-        '/util/glossary.html#term-a-term'
-    assert invdata['std:term']['a term including:colon'][2] == \
-        '/util/glossary.html#term-a-term-including-colon'
-
-
-def test_read_inventory_v2_not_having_version():
-    f = BytesIO(inventory_v2_not_having_version)
-    invdata = InventoryFile.load(f, '/util', posixpath.join)
-    assert invdata['py:module']['module1'] == \
-        ('foo', '', '/util/foo.html#module-module1', 'Long Module desc')
-
-
-def _write_appconfig(dir, language, prefix=None):
-    prefix = prefix or language
-    os.makedirs(dir / prefix, exist_ok=True)
-    (dir / prefix / 'conf.py').write_text(f'language = "{language}"', encoding='utf8')
-    (dir / prefix / 'index.rst').write_text('index.rst', encoding='utf8')
-    assert sorted(os.listdir(dir / prefix)) == ['conf.py', 'index.rst']
-    assert (dir / prefix / 'index.rst').exists()
-    return dir / prefix
-
-
-def _build_inventory(srcdir):
-    app = SphinxTestApp(srcdir=srcdir)
-    app.build()
-    app.cleanup()
-    return (app.outdir / 'objects.inv')
-
-
-def test_inventory_localization(tmp_path):
-    # Build an app using Estonian (EE) locale
-    srcdir_et = _write_appconfig(tmp_path, "et")
-    inventory_et = _build_inventory(srcdir_et)
-
-    # Build the same app using English (US) locale
-    srcdir_en = _write_appconfig(tmp_path, "en")
-    inventory_en = _build_inventory(srcdir_en)
-
-    # Ensure that the inventory contents differ
-    assert inventory_et.read_bytes() != inventory_en.read_bytes()
diff --git a/tests/test_util_logging.py b/tests/test_util_logging.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 4d506a8..0000000
--- a/tests/test_util_logging.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,398 +0,0 @@
-"""Test logging util."""
-
-import codecs
-import os
-import os.path
-
-import pytest
-from docutils import nodes
-
-from sphinx.errors import SphinxWarning
-from sphinx.testing.util import strip_escseq
-from sphinx.util import logging, osutil
-from sphinx.util.console import colorize
-from sphinx.util.logging import is_suppressed_warning, prefixed_warnings
-from sphinx.util.parallel import ParallelTasks
-
-
-def test_info_and_warning(app, status, warning):
-    app.verbosity = 2
-    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
-    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-    logger.debug('message1')
-    logger.info('message2')
-    logger.warning('message3')
-    logger.critical('message4')
-    logger.error('message5')
-
-    assert 'message1' in status.getvalue()
-    assert 'message2' in status.getvalue()
-    assert 'message3' not in status.getvalue()
-    assert 'message4' not in status.getvalue()
-    assert 'message5' not in status.getvalue()
-
-    assert 'message1' not in warning.getvalue()
-    assert 'message2' not in warning.getvalue()
-    assert 'WARNING: message3' in warning.getvalue()
-    assert 'CRITICAL: message4' in warning.getvalue()
-    assert 'ERROR: message5' in warning.getvalue()
-
-
-def test_Exception(app, status, warning):
-    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
-    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-    logger.info(Exception)
-    assert "<class 'Exception'>" in status.getvalue()
-
-
-def test_verbosity_filter(app, status, warning):
-    # verbosity = 0: INFO
-    app.verbosity = 0
-    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
-    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-    logger.info('message1')
-    logger.verbose('message2')
-    logger.debug('message3')
-
-    assert 'message1' in status.getvalue()
-    assert 'message2' not in status.getvalue()
-    assert 'message3' not in status.getvalue()
-    assert 'message4' not in status.getvalue()
-
-    # verbosity = 1: VERBOSE
-    app.verbosity = 1
-    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
-    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-    logger.info('message1')
-    logger.verbose('message2')
-    logger.debug('message3')
-
-    assert 'message1' in status.getvalue()
-    assert 'message2' in status.getvalue()
-    assert 'message3' not in status.getvalue()
-    assert 'message4' not in status.getvalue()
-
-    # verbosity = 2: DEBUG
-    app.verbosity = 2
-    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
-    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-    logger.info('message1')
-    logger.verbose('message2')
-    logger.debug('message3')
-
-    assert 'message1' in status.getvalue()
-    assert 'message2' in status.getvalue()
-    assert 'message3' in status.getvalue()
-    assert 'message4' not in status.getvalue()
-
-
-def test_nonl_info_log(app, status, warning):
-    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
-    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-    logger.info('message1', nonl=True)
-    logger.info('message2')
-    logger.info('message3')
-
-    assert 'message1message2\nmessage3' in status.getvalue()
-
-
-def test_once_warning_log(app, status, warning):
-    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
-    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-    logger.warning('message: %d', 1, once=True)
-    logger.warning('message: %d', 1, once=True)
-    logger.warning('message: %d', 2, once=True)
-
-    assert 'WARNING: message: 1\nWARNING: message: 2\n' in strip_escseq(warning.getvalue())
-
-
-def test_is_suppressed_warning():
-    suppress_warnings = ["ref", "files.*", "rest.duplicated_labels"]
-
-    assert is_suppressed_warning(None, None, suppress_warnings) is False
-    assert is_suppressed_warning("ref", None, suppress_warnings) is True
-    assert is_suppressed_warning("ref", "numref", suppress_warnings) is True
-    assert is_suppressed_warning("ref", "option", suppress_warnings) is True
-    assert is_suppressed_warning("files", "image", suppress_warnings) is True
-    assert is_suppressed_warning("files", "stylesheet", suppress_warnings) is True
-    assert is_suppressed_warning("rest", None, suppress_warnings) is False
-    assert is_suppressed_warning("rest", "syntax", suppress_warnings) is False
-    assert is_suppressed_warning("rest", "duplicated_labels", suppress_warnings) is True
-
-
-def test_suppress_warnings(app, status, warning):
-    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
-    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-    app._warncount = 0  # force reset
-
-    app.config.suppress_warnings = []
-    warning.truncate(0)
-    logger.warning('message0', type='test')
-    logger.warning('message1', type='test', subtype='logging')
-    logger.warning('message2', type='test', subtype='crash')
-    logger.warning('message3', type='actual', subtype='logging')
-    assert 'message0' in warning.getvalue()
-    assert 'message1' in warning.getvalue()
-    assert 'message2' in warning.getvalue()
-    assert 'message3' in warning.getvalue()
-    assert app._warncount == 4
-
-    app.config.suppress_warnings = ['test']
-    warning.truncate(0)
-    logger.warning('message0', type='test')
-    logger.warning('message1', type='test', subtype='logging')
-    logger.warning('message2', type='test', subtype='crash')
-    logger.warning('message3', type='actual', subtype='logging')
-    assert 'message0' not in warning.getvalue()
-    assert 'message1' not in warning.getvalue()
-    assert 'message2' not in warning.getvalue()
-    assert 'message3' in warning.getvalue()
-    assert app._warncount == 5
-
-    app.config.suppress_warnings = ['test.logging']
-    warning.truncate(0)
-    logger.warning('message0', type='test')
-    logger.warning('message1', type='test', subtype='logging')
-    logger.warning('message2', type='test', subtype='crash')
-    logger.warning('message3', type='actual', subtype='logging')
-    assert 'message0' in warning.getvalue()
-    assert 'message1' not in warning.getvalue()
-    assert 'message2' in warning.getvalue()
-    assert 'message3' in warning.getvalue()
-    assert app._warncount == 8
-
-
-def test_warningiserror(app, status, warning):
-    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
-    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-    # if False, warning is not error
-    app.warningiserror = False
-    logger.warning('message')
-
-    # if True, warning raises SphinxWarning exception
-    app.warningiserror = True
-    with pytest.raises(SphinxWarning):
-        logger.warning('message: %s', 'arg')
-
-    # message contains format string (refs: #4070)
-    with pytest.raises(SphinxWarning):
-        logger.warning('%s')
-
-
-def test_info_location(app, status, warning):
-    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
-    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-    logger.info('message1', location='index')
-    assert 'index.txt: message1' in status.getvalue()
-
-    logger.info('message2', location=('index', 10))
-    assert 'index.txt:10: message2' in status.getvalue()
-
-    logger.info('message3', location=None)
-    assert '\nmessage3' in status.getvalue()
-
-    node = nodes.Node()
-    node.source, node.line = ('index.txt', 10)
-    logger.info('message4', location=node)
-    assert 'index.txt:10: message4' in status.getvalue()
-
-    node.source, node.line = ('index.txt', None)
-    logger.info('message5', location=node)
-    assert 'index.txt:: message5' in status.getvalue()
-
-    node.source, node.line = (None, 10)
-    logger.info('message6', location=node)
-    assert '<unknown>:10: message6' in status.getvalue()
-
-    node.source, node.line = (None, None)
-    logger.info('message7', location=node)
-    assert '\nmessage7' in status.getvalue()
-
-
-def test_warning_location(app, status, warning):
-    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
-    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-    logger.warning('message1', location='index')
-    assert 'index.txt: WARNING: message1' in warning.getvalue()
-
-    logger.warning('message2', location=('index', 10))
-    assert 'index.txt:10: WARNING: message2' in warning.getvalue()
-
-    logger.warning('message3', location=None)
-    assert colorize('red', 'WARNING: message3') in warning.getvalue()
-
-    node = nodes.Node()
-    node.source, node.line = ('index.txt', 10)
-    logger.warning('message4', location=node)
-    assert 'index.txt:10: WARNING: message4' in warning.getvalue()
-
-    node.source, node.line = ('index.txt', None)
-    logger.warning('message5', location=node)
-    assert 'index.txt:: WARNING: message5' in warning.getvalue()
-
-    node.source, node.line = (None, 10)
-    logger.warning('message6', location=node)
-    assert '<unknown>:10: WARNING: message6' in warning.getvalue()
-
-    node.source, node.line = (None, None)
-    logger.warning('message7', location=node)
-    assert colorize('red', 'WARNING: message7') in warning.getvalue()
-
-
-def test_suppress_logging(app, status, warning):
-    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
-    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-    logger.warning('message1')
-    with logging.suppress_logging():
-        logger.warning('message2')
-        assert 'WARNING: message1' in warning.getvalue()
-        assert 'WARNING: message2' not in warning.getvalue()
-
-    assert 'WARNING: message1' in warning.getvalue()
-    assert 'WARNING: message2' not in warning.getvalue()
-
-
-def test_pending_warnings(app, status, warning):
-    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
-    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-    logger.warning('message1')
-    with logging.pending_warnings():
-        # not logged yet (buffered) in here
-        logger.warning('message2')
-        logger.warning('message3')
-        assert 'WARNING: message1' in warning.getvalue()
-        assert 'WARNING: message2' not in warning.getvalue()
-        assert 'WARNING: message3' not in warning.getvalue()
-
-    # actually logged as ordered
-    assert 'WARNING: message2\nWARNING: message3' in strip_escseq(warning.getvalue())
-
-
-def test_colored_logs(app, status, warning):
-    app.verbosity = 2
-    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
-    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-    # default colors
-    logger.debug('message1')
-    logger.verbose('message2')
-    logger.info('message3')
-    logger.warning('message4')
-    logger.critical('message5')
-    logger.error('message6')
-
-    assert colorize('darkgray', 'message1') in status.getvalue()
-    assert 'message2\n' in status.getvalue()  # not colored
-    assert 'message3\n' in status.getvalue()  # not colored
-    assert colorize('red', 'WARNING: message4') in warning.getvalue()
-    assert 'CRITICAL: message5\n' in warning.getvalue()  # not colored
-    assert colorize('darkred', 'ERROR: message6') in warning.getvalue()
-
-    # color specification
-    logger.debug('message7', color='white')
-    logger.info('message8', color='red')
-    assert colorize('white', 'message7') in status.getvalue()
-    assert colorize('red', 'message8') in status.getvalue()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.xfail(os.name != 'posix',
-                   reason="Parallel mode does not work on Windows")
-def test_logging_in_ParallelTasks(app, status, warning):
-    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
-    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-    def child_process():
-        logger.info('message1')
-        logger.warning('message2', location='index')
-
-    tasks = ParallelTasks(1)
-    tasks.add_task(child_process)
-    tasks.join()
-    assert 'message1' in status.getvalue()
-    assert 'index.txt: WARNING: message2' in warning.getvalue()
-
-
-def test_output_with_unencodable_char(app, status, warning):
-    class StreamWriter(codecs.StreamWriter):
-        def write(self, object):
-            self.stream.write(object.encode('cp1252').decode('cp1252'))
-
-    logging.setup(app, StreamWriter(status), warning)
-    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-    # info with UnicodeEncodeError
-    status.truncate(0)
-    status.seek(0)
-    logger.info("unicode \u206d...")
-    assert status.getvalue() == "unicode ?...\n"
-
-
-def test_skip_warningiserror(app, status, warning):
-    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
-    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-    app.warningiserror = True
-    with logging.skip_warningiserror():
-        logger.warning('message')
-
-    # if False, warning raises SphinxWarning exception
-    with logging.skip_warningiserror(False):  # NoQA: SIM117
-        with pytest.raises(SphinxWarning):
-            logger.warning('message')
-
-    # It also works during pending_warnings.
-    with logging.pending_warnings():  # NoQA: SIM117
-        with logging.skip_warningiserror():
-            logger.warning('message')
-
-    with pytest.raises(SphinxWarning):  # NoQA: PT012,SIM117
-        with logging.pending_warnings():
-            with logging.skip_warningiserror(False):
-                logger.warning('message')
-
-
-def test_prefixed_warnings(app, status, warning):
-    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
-    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-    logger.warning('message1')
-    with prefixed_warnings('PREFIX:'):
-        logger.warning('message2')
-        with prefixed_warnings('Another PREFIX:'):
-            logger.warning('message3')
-        logger.warning('message4')
-    logger.warning('message5')
-
-    assert 'WARNING: message1' in warning.getvalue()
-    assert 'WARNING: PREFIX: message2' in warning.getvalue()
-    assert 'WARNING: Another PREFIX: message3' in warning.getvalue()
-    assert 'WARNING: PREFIX: message4' in warning.getvalue()
-    assert 'WARNING: message5' in warning.getvalue()
-
-
-def test_get_node_location_abspath():
-    # Ensure that node locations are reported as an absolute path,
-    # even if the source attribute is a relative path.
-
-    relative_filename = os.path.join('relative', 'path.txt')
-    absolute_filename = osutil.abspath(relative_filename)
-
-    n = nodes.Node()
-    n.source = relative_filename
-
-    location = logging.get_node_location(n)
-
-    assert location == absolute_filename + ':'
diff --git a/tests/test_util_matching.py b/tests/test_util_matching.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 7d865ba..0000000
--- a/tests/test_util_matching.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,174 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests sphinx.util.matching functions."""
-from sphinx.util.matching import Matcher, compile_matchers, get_matching_files
-
-
-def test_compile_matchers():
-    # exact matching
-    pat = compile_matchers(['hello.py']).pop()
-    assert pat('hello.py')
-    assert not pat('hello-py')
-    assert not pat('subdir/hello.py')
-
-    # wild card (*)
-    pat = compile_matchers(['hello.*']).pop()
-    assert pat('hello.py')
-    assert pat('hello.rst')
-
-    pat = compile_matchers(['*.py']).pop()
-    assert pat('hello.py')
-    assert pat('world.py')
-    assert not pat('subdir/hello.py')
-
-    # wild card (**)
-    pat = compile_matchers(['hello.**']).pop()
-    assert pat('hello.py')
-    assert pat('hello.rst')
-    assert pat('hello.py/world.py')
-
-    pat = compile_matchers(['**.py']).pop()
-    assert pat('hello.py')
-    assert pat('world.py')
-    assert pat('subdir/hello.py')
-
-    pat = compile_matchers(['**/hello.py']).pop()
-    assert not pat('hello.py')
-    assert pat('subdir/hello.py')
-    assert pat('subdir/subdir/hello.py')
-
-    # wild card (?)
-    pat = compile_matchers(['hello.?']).pop()
-    assert pat('hello.c')
-    assert not pat('hello.py')
-
-    # pattern ([...])
-    pat = compile_matchers(['hello[12\\].py']).pop()
-    assert pat('hello1.py')
-    assert pat('hello2.py')
-    assert pat('hello\\.py')
-    assert not pat('hello3.py')
-
-    pat = compile_matchers(['hello[^12].py']).pop()  # "^" is not negative identifier
-    assert pat('hello1.py')
-    assert pat('hello2.py')
-    assert pat('hello^.py')
-    assert not pat('hello3.py')
-
-    # negative pattern ([!...])
-    pat = compile_matchers(['hello[!12].py']).pop()
-    assert not pat('hello1.py')
-    assert not pat('hello2.py')
-    assert not pat('hello/.py')  # negative pattern does not match to "/"
-    assert pat('hello3.py')
-
-    # non patterns
-    pat = compile_matchers(['hello[.py']).pop()
-    assert pat('hello[.py')
-    assert not pat('hello.py')
-
-    pat = compile_matchers(['hello[].py']).pop()
-    assert pat('hello[].py')
-    assert not pat('hello.py')
-
-    pat = compile_matchers(['hello[!].py']).pop()
-    assert pat('hello[!].py')
-    assert not pat('hello.py')
-
-
-def test_Matcher():
-    matcher = Matcher(['hello.py', '**/world.py'])
-    assert matcher('hello.py')
-    assert not matcher('subdir/hello.py')
-    assert matcher('world.py')
-    assert matcher('subdir/world.py')
-
-
-def test_get_matching_files_all(rootdir):
-    files = get_matching_files(rootdir / "test-root")
-    assert sorted(files) == [
-        'Makefile', '_templates/contentssb.html', '_templates/customsb.html',
-        '_templates/layout.html', 'autodoc.txt', 'autodoc_target.py', 'bom.txt', 'conf.py',
-        'extapi.txt', 'extensions.txt', 'file_with_special_#_chars.xyz', 'footnote.txt',
-        'images.txt', 'img.foo.png', 'img.gif', 'img.pdf', 'img.png', 'includes.txt',
-        'index.txt', 'lists.txt', 'literal.inc', 'literal_orig.inc', 'markup.txt', 'math.txt',
-        'objects.txt', 'otherext.foo', 'parsermod.py', 'quotes.inc', 'rimg.png',
-        'special/api.h', 'special/code.py', 'subdir/excluded.txt', 'subdir/images.txt',
-        'subdir/img.png', 'subdir/include.inc', 'subdir/includes.txt', 'subdir/simg.png',
-        'svgimg.pdf', 'svgimg.svg', 'tabs.inc', 'test.inc', 'wrongenc.inc',
-    ]
-
-
-def test_get_matching_files_all_exclude_single(rootdir):
-    files = get_matching_files(rootdir / "test-root", exclude_patterns=["**.html"])
-    assert sorted(files) == [
-        'Makefile', 'autodoc.txt', 'autodoc_target.py', 'bom.txt', 'conf.py',
-        'extapi.txt', 'extensions.txt', 'file_with_special_#_chars.xyz', 'footnote.txt',
-        'images.txt', 'img.foo.png', 'img.gif', 'img.pdf', 'img.png', 'includes.txt',
-        'index.txt', 'lists.txt', 'literal.inc', 'literal_orig.inc', 'markup.txt', 'math.txt',
-        'objects.txt', 'otherext.foo', 'parsermod.py', 'quotes.inc', 'rimg.png',
-        'special/api.h', 'special/code.py', 'subdir/excluded.txt', 'subdir/images.txt',
-        'subdir/img.png', 'subdir/include.inc', 'subdir/includes.txt', 'subdir/simg.png',
-        'svgimg.pdf', 'svgimg.svg', 'tabs.inc', 'test.inc', 'wrongenc.inc',
-    ]
-
-
-def test_get_matching_files_all_exclude_multiple(rootdir):
-    files = get_matching_files(rootdir / "test-root", exclude_patterns=["**.html", "**.inc"])
-    assert sorted(files) == [
-        'Makefile', 'autodoc.txt', 'autodoc_target.py', 'bom.txt', 'conf.py',
-        'extapi.txt', 'extensions.txt', 'file_with_special_#_chars.xyz', 'footnote.txt',
-        'images.txt', 'img.foo.png', 'img.gif', 'img.pdf', 'img.png', 'includes.txt',
-        'index.txt', 'lists.txt', 'markup.txt', 'math.txt', 'objects.txt', 'otherext.foo',
-        'parsermod.py', 'rimg.png', 'special/api.h', 'special/code.py', 'subdir/excluded.txt',
-        'subdir/images.txt', 'subdir/img.png', 'subdir/includes.txt', 'subdir/simg.png',
-        'svgimg.pdf', 'svgimg.svg',
-    ]
-
-
-def test_get_matching_files_all_exclude_nonexistent(rootdir):
-    files = get_matching_files(rootdir / "test-root", exclude_patterns=["halibut/**"])
-    assert sorted(files) == [
-        'Makefile', '_templates/contentssb.html', '_templates/customsb.html',
-        '_templates/layout.html', 'autodoc.txt', 'autodoc_target.py', 'bom.txt', 'conf.py',
-        'extapi.txt', 'extensions.txt', 'file_with_special_#_chars.xyz', 'footnote.txt',
-        'images.txt', 'img.foo.png', 'img.gif', 'img.pdf', 'img.png', 'includes.txt',
-        'index.txt', 'lists.txt', 'literal.inc', 'literal_orig.inc', 'markup.txt', 'math.txt',
-        'objects.txt', 'otherext.foo', 'parsermod.py', 'quotes.inc', 'rimg.png',
-        'special/api.h', 'special/code.py', 'subdir/excluded.txt', 'subdir/images.txt',
-        'subdir/img.png', 'subdir/include.inc', 'subdir/includes.txt', 'subdir/simg.png',
-        'svgimg.pdf', 'svgimg.svg', 'tabs.inc', 'test.inc', 'wrongenc.inc',
-    ]
-
-
-def test_get_matching_files_all_include_single(rootdir):
-    files = get_matching_files(rootdir / "test-root", include_patterns=["subdir/**"])
-    assert sorted(files) == [
-        'subdir/excluded.txt', 'subdir/images.txt', 'subdir/img.png', 'subdir/include.inc',
-        'subdir/includes.txt', 'subdir/simg.png',
-    ]
-
-
-def test_get_matching_files_all_include_multiple(rootdir):
-    files = get_matching_files(rootdir / "test-root", include_patterns=["special/**", "subdir/**"])
-    assert sorted(files) == [
-        'special/api.h', 'special/code.py', 'subdir/excluded.txt', 'subdir/images.txt',
-        'subdir/img.png', 'subdir/include.inc', 'subdir/includes.txt', 'subdir/simg.png',
-    ]
-
-
-def test_get_matching_files_all_include_nonexistent(rootdir):
-    files = get_matching_files(rootdir / "test-root", include_patterns=["halibut/**"])
-    assert sorted(files) == []
-
-
-def test_get_matching_files_all_include_prefix(rootdir):
-    files = get_matching_files(rootdir / "test-root", include_patterns=["autodoc*"])
-    assert sorted(files) == [
-        'autodoc.txt', 'autodoc_target.py',
-    ]
-
-
-def test_get_matching_files_all_include_question_mark(rootdir):
-    files = get_matching_files(rootdir / "test-root", include_patterns=["img.???"])
-    assert sorted(files) == [
-        'img.gif', 'img.pdf', 'img.png',
-    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_util_nodes.py b/tests/test_util_nodes.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 92e4dc1..0000000
--- a/tests/test_util_nodes.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,254 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests uti.nodes functions."""
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import warnings
-from textwrap import dedent
-from typing import Any
-
-import pytest
-from docutils import frontend, nodes
-from docutils.parsers import rst
-from docutils.utils import new_document
-
-from sphinx.transforms import ApplySourceWorkaround
-from sphinx.util.nodes import (
-    NodeMatcher,
-    apply_source_workaround,
-    clean_astext,
-    extract_messages,
-    make_id,
-    split_explicit_title,
-)
-
-
-def _transform(doctree):
-    ApplySourceWorkaround(doctree).apply()
-
-
-def create_new_document():
-    with warnings.catch_warnings():
-        warnings.filterwarnings('ignore', category=DeprecationWarning)
-        # DeprecationWarning: The frontend.OptionParser class will be replaced
-        # by a subclass of argparse.ArgumentParser in Docutils 0.21 or later.
-        settings = frontend.OptionParser(
-            components=(rst.Parser,)).get_default_values()
-    settings.id_prefix = 'id'
-    document = new_document('dummy.txt', settings)
-    return document
-
-
-def _get_doctree(text):
-    document = create_new_document()
-    rst.Parser().parse(text, document)
-    _transform(document)
-    return document
-
-
-def assert_node_count(messages, node_type, expect_count):
-    count = 0
-    node_list = [node for node, msg in messages]
-    for node in node_list:
-        if isinstance(node, node_type):
-            count += 1
-
-    assert count == expect_count, (
-        "Count of %r in the %r is %d instead of %d"
-        % (node_type, node_list, count, expect_count))
-
-
-def test_NodeMatcher():
-    doctree = nodes.document(None, None)
-    doctree += nodes.paragraph('', 'Hello')
-    doctree += nodes.paragraph('', 'Sphinx', block=1)
-    doctree += nodes.paragraph('', 'World', block=2)
-    doctree += nodes.literal_block('', 'blah blah blah', block=3)
-
-    # search by node class
-    matcher = NodeMatcher(nodes.paragraph)
-    assert len(list(doctree.findall(matcher))) == 3
-
-    # search by multiple node classes
-    matcher = NodeMatcher(nodes.paragraph, nodes.literal_block)
-    assert len(list(doctree.findall(matcher))) == 4
-
-    # search by node attribute
-    matcher = NodeMatcher(block=1)
-    assert len(list(doctree.findall(matcher))) == 1
-
-    # search by node attribute (Any)
-    matcher = NodeMatcher(block=Any)
-    assert len(list(doctree.findall(matcher))) == 3
-
-    # search by both class and attribute
-    matcher = NodeMatcher(nodes.paragraph, block=Any)
-    assert len(list(doctree.findall(matcher))) == 2
-
-    # mismatched
-    matcher = NodeMatcher(nodes.title)
-    assert len(list(doctree.findall(matcher))) == 0
-
-    # search with Any does not match to Text node
-    matcher = NodeMatcher(blah=Any)
-    assert len(list(doctree.findall(matcher))) == 0
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    ('rst', 'node_cls', 'count'),
-    [
-        (
-            """
-           .. admonition:: admonition title
-
-              admonition body
-           """,
-            nodes.title, 1,
-        ),
-        (
-            """
-           .. figure:: foo.jpg
-
-              this is title
-           """,
-            nodes.caption, 1,
-        ),
-        (
-            """
-           .. rubric:: spam
-           """,
-            nodes.rubric, 1,
-        ),
-        (
-            """
-           | spam
-           | egg
-           """,
-            nodes.line, 2,
-        ),
-        (
-            """
-           section
-           =======
-
-           +----------------+
-           | | **Title 1**  |
-           | | Message 1    |
-           +----------------+
-           """,
-            nodes.line, 2,
-        ),
-        (
-            """
-           * | **Title 1**
-             | Message 1
-           """,
-            nodes.line, 2,
-
-        ),
-    ],
-)
-def test_extract_messages(rst, node_cls, count):
-    msg = extract_messages(_get_doctree(dedent(rst)))
-    assert_node_count(msg, node_cls, count)
-
-
-def test_extract_messages_without_rawsource():
-    """
-    Check node.rawsource is fall-backed by using node.astext() value.
-
-    `extract_message` which is used from Sphinx i18n feature drop ``not node.rawsource``
-    nodes. So, all nodes which want to translate must have ``rawsource`` value.
-    However, sometimes node.rawsource is not set.
-
-    For example: recommonmark-0.2.0 doesn't set rawsource to `paragraph` node.
-
-    refs #1994: Fall back to node's astext() during i18n message extraction.
-    """
-    p = nodes.paragraph()
-    p.append(nodes.Text('test'))
-    p.append(nodes.Text('sentence'))
-    assert not p.rawsource  # target node must not have rawsource value
-    document = create_new_document()
-    document.append(p)
-    _transform(document)
-    assert_node_count(extract_messages(document), nodes.TextElement, 1)
-    assert [m for n, m in extract_messages(document)][0], 'text sentence'
-
-
-def test_clean_astext():
-    node = nodes.paragraph(text='hello world')
-    assert clean_astext(node) == 'hello world'
-
-    node = nodes.image(alt='hello world')
-    assert clean_astext(node) == ''
-
-    node = nodes.paragraph(text='hello world')
-    node += nodes.raw('', 'raw text', format='html')
-    assert clean_astext(node) == 'hello world'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    ('prefix', 'term', 'expected'),
-    [
-        ('', '', 'id0'),
-        ('term', '', 'term-0'),
-        ('term', 'Sphinx', 'term-Sphinx'),
-        ('', 'io.StringIO', 'io.StringIO'),   # contains a dot
-        ('', 'sphinx.setup_command', 'sphinx.setup_command'),  # contains a dot & underscore
-        ('', '_io.StringIO', 'io.StringIO'),  # starts with underscore
-        ('', 'ｓｐｈｉｎｘ', 'sphinx'),  # alphabets in unicode fullwidth characters
-        ('', '悠好', 'id0'),  # multibytes text (in Chinese)
-        ('', 'Hello=悠好=こんにちは', 'Hello'),  # alphabets and multibytes text
-        ('', 'fünf', 'funf'),  # latin1 (umlaut)
-        ('', '0sphinx', 'sphinx'),  # starts with number
-        ('', 'sphinx-', 'sphinx'),  # ends with hyphen
-    ])
-def test_make_id(app, prefix, term, expected):
-    document = create_new_document()
-    assert make_id(app.env, document, prefix, term) == expected
-
-
-def test_make_id_already_registered(app):
-    document = create_new_document()
-    document.ids['term-Sphinx'] = True  # register "term-Sphinx" manually
-    assert make_id(app.env, document, 'term', 'Sphinx') == 'term-0'
-
-
-def test_make_id_sequential(app):
-    document = create_new_document()
-    document.ids['term-0'] = True
-    assert make_id(app.env, document, 'term') == 'term-1'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    ('title', 'expected'),
-    [
-        # implicit
-        ('hello', (False, 'hello', 'hello')),
-        # explicit
-        ('hello <world>', (True, 'hello', 'world')),
-        # explicit (title having angle brackets)
-        ('hello <world> <sphinx>', (True, 'hello <world>', 'sphinx')),
-    ],
-)
-def test_split_explicit_target(title, expected):
-    assert expected == split_explicit_title(title)
-
-
-def test_apply_source_workaround_literal_block_no_source():
-    """Regression test for #11091.
-
-     Test that apply_source_workaround doesn't raise.
-     """
-    literal_block = nodes.literal_block('', '')
-    list_item = nodes.list_item('', literal_block)
-    bullet_list = nodes.bullet_list('', list_item)
-
-    assert literal_block.source is None
-    assert list_item.source is None
-    assert bullet_list.source is None
-
-    apply_source_workaround(literal_block)
-
-    assert literal_block.source is None
-    assert list_item.source is None
-    assert bullet_list.source is None
diff --git a/tests/test_util_rst.py b/tests/test_util_rst.py
deleted file mode 100644
index d50c90c..0000000
--- a/tests/test_util_rst.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,164 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests sphinx.util.rst functions."""
-
-from docutils.statemachine import StringList
-from jinja2 import Environment
-
-from sphinx.util.rst import append_epilog, escape, heading, prepend_prolog, textwidth
-
-
-def test_escape():
-    assert escape(':ref:`id`') == r'\:ref\:\`id\`'
-    assert escape('footnote [#]_') == r'footnote \[\#\]\_'
-    assert escape('sphinx.application') == r'sphinx.application'
-    assert escape('.. toctree::') == r'\.. toctree\:\:'
-
-
-def test_append_epilog(app):
-    epilog = 'this is rst_epilog\ngood-bye reST!'
-    content = StringList(['hello Sphinx world',
-                          'Sphinx is a document generator'],
-                         'dummy.rst')
-    append_epilog(content, epilog)
-
-    assert list(content.xitems()) == [('dummy.rst', 0, 'hello Sphinx world'),
-                                      ('dummy.rst', 1, 'Sphinx is a document generator'),
-                                      ('dummy.rst', 2, ''),
-                                      ('<rst_epilog>', 0, 'this is rst_epilog'),
-                                      ('<rst_epilog>', 1, 'good-bye reST!')]
-
-
-def test_prepend_prolog(app):
-    prolog = 'this is rst_prolog\nhello reST!'
-    content = StringList([':title: test of SphinxFileInput',
-                          ':author: Sphinx team',
-                          '',
-                          'hello Sphinx world',
-                          'Sphinx is a document generator'],
-                         'dummy.rst')
-    prepend_prolog(content, prolog)
-
-    assert list(content.xitems()) == [('dummy.rst', 0, ':title: test of SphinxFileInput'),
-                                      ('dummy.rst', 1, ':author: Sphinx team'),
-                                      ('<generated>', 0, ''),
-                                      ('<rst_prolog>', 0, 'this is rst_prolog'),
-                                      ('<rst_prolog>', 1, 'hello reST!'),
-                                      ('<generated>', 0, ''),
-                                      ('dummy.rst', 2, ''),
-                                      ('dummy.rst', 3, 'hello Sphinx world'),
-                                      ('dummy.rst', 4, 'Sphinx is a document generator')]
-
-
-def test_prepend_prolog_with_CR(app):
-    # prolog having CR at tail
-    prolog = 'this is rst_prolog\nhello reST!\n'
-    content = StringList(['hello Sphinx world',
-                          'Sphinx is a document generator'],
-                         'dummy.rst')
-    prepend_prolog(content, prolog)
-
-    assert list(content.xitems()) == [('<rst_prolog>', 0, 'this is rst_prolog'),
-                                      ('<rst_prolog>', 1, 'hello reST!'),
-                                      ('<generated>', 0, ''),
-                                      ('dummy.rst', 0, 'hello Sphinx world'),
-                                      ('dummy.rst', 1, 'Sphinx is a document generator')]
-
-
-def test_prepend_prolog_without_CR(app):
-    # prolog not having CR at tail
-    prolog = 'this is rst_prolog\nhello reST!'
-    content = StringList(['hello Sphinx world',
-                          'Sphinx is a document generator'],
-                         'dummy.rst')
-    prepend_prolog(content, prolog)
-
-    assert list(content.xitems()) == [('<rst_prolog>', 0, 'this is rst_prolog'),
-                                      ('<rst_prolog>', 1, 'hello reST!'),
-                                      ('<generated>', 0, ''),
-                                      ('dummy.rst', 0, 'hello Sphinx world'),
-                                      ('dummy.rst', 1, 'Sphinx is a document generator')]
-
-
-def test_prepend_prolog_with_roles_in_sections(app):
-    prolog = 'this is rst_prolog\nhello reST!'
-    content = StringList([':title: test of SphinxFileInput',
-                          ':author: Sphinx team',
-                          '',  # this newline is required
-                          ':mod:`foo`',
-                          '----------',
-                          '',
-                          'hello'],
-                         'dummy.rst')
-    prepend_prolog(content, prolog)
-
-    assert list(content.xitems()) == [('dummy.rst', 0, ':title: test of SphinxFileInput'),
-                                      ('dummy.rst', 1, ':author: Sphinx team'),
-                                      ('<generated>', 0, ''),
-                                      ('<rst_prolog>', 0, 'this is rst_prolog'),
-                                      ('<rst_prolog>', 1, 'hello reST!'),
-                                      ('<generated>', 0, ''),
-                                      ('dummy.rst', 2, ''),
-                                      ('dummy.rst', 3, ':mod:`foo`'),
-                                      ('dummy.rst', 4, '----------'),
-                                      ('dummy.rst', 5, ''),
-                                      ('dummy.rst', 6, 'hello')]
-
-
-def test_prepend_prolog_with_roles_in_sections_with_newline(app):
-    # prologue with trailing line break
-    prolog = 'this is rst_prolog\nhello reST!\n'
-    content = StringList([':mod:`foo`', '-' * 10, '', 'hello'], 'dummy.rst')
-    prepend_prolog(content, prolog)
-
-    assert list(content.xitems()) == [('<rst_prolog>', 0, 'this is rst_prolog'),
-                                      ('<rst_prolog>', 1, 'hello reST!'),
-                                      ('<generated>', 0, ''),
-                                      ('dummy.rst', 0, ':mod:`foo`'),
-                                      ('dummy.rst', 1, '----------'),
-                                      ('dummy.rst', 2, ''),
-                                      ('dummy.rst', 3, 'hello')]
-
-
-def test_prepend_prolog_with_roles_in_sections_without_newline(app):
-    # prologue with no trailing line break
-    prolog = 'this is rst_prolog\nhello reST!'
-    content = StringList([':mod:`foo`', '-' * 10, '', 'hello'], 'dummy.rst')
-    prepend_prolog(content, prolog)
-
-    assert list(content.xitems()) == [('<rst_prolog>', 0, 'this is rst_prolog'),
-                                      ('<rst_prolog>', 1, 'hello reST!'),
-                                      ('<generated>', 0, ''),
-                                      ('dummy.rst', 0, ':mod:`foo`'),
-                                      ('dummy.rst', 1, '----------'),
-                                      ('dummy.rst', 2, ''),
-                                      ('dummy.rst', 3, 'hello')]
-
-
-def test_textwidth():
-    assert textwidth('Hello') == 5
-    assert textwidth('русский язык') == 12
-    assert textwidth('русский язык', 'WFA') == 23  # Cyrillic are ambiguous chars
-
-
-def test_heading():
-    env = Environment()
-    env.extend(language=None)
-
-    assert heading(env, 'Hello') == ('Hello\n'
-                                     '=====')
-    assert heading(env, 'Hello', 1) == ('Hello\n'
-                                        '=====')
-    assert heading(env, 'Hello', 2) == ('Hello\n'
-                                        '-----')
-    assert heading(env, 'Hello', 3) == ('Hello\n'
-                                        '~~~~~')
-    assert heading(env, 'русский язык', 1) == (
-        'русский язык\n'
-        '============'
-    )
-
-    # language=ja: ambiguous
-    env.language = 'ja'
-    assert heading(env, 'русский язык', 1) == (
-        'русский язык\n'
-        '======================='
-    )
diff --git a/tests/test_util_template.py b/tests/test_util_template.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 4601179..0000000
--- a/tests/test_util_template.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests sphinx.util.template functions."""
-
-from sphinx.util.template import ReSTRenderer
-
-
-def test_ReSTRenderer_escape():
-    r = ReSTRenderer()
-    template = '{{ "*hello*" | e }}'
-    assert r.render_string(template, {}) == r'\*hello\*'
-
-
-def test_ReSTRenderer_heading():
-    r = ReSTRenderer()
-
-    template = '{{ "hello" | heading }}'
-    assert r.render_string(template, {}) == 'hello\n====='
-
-    template = '{{ "hello" | heading(1) }}'
-    assert r.render_string(template, {}) == 'hello\n====='
-
-    template = '{{ "русский язык" | heading(2) }}'
-    assert r.render_string(template, {}) == ('русский язык\n'
-                                             '------------')
-
-    # language: ja
-    r.env.language = 'ja'
-    template = '{{ "русский язык" | heading }}'
-    assert r.render_string(template, {}) == ('русский язык\n'
-                                             '=======================')
diff --git a/tests/test_util_typing.py b/tests/test_util_typing.py
deleted file mode 100644
index d79852e..0000000
--- a/tests/test_util_typing.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,536 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests util.typing functions."""
-
-import sys
-from enum import Enum
-from numbers import Integral
-from struct import Struct
-from types import TracebackType
-from typing import (
-    Any,
-    Callable,
-    Dict,
-    Generator,
-    List,
-    NewType,
-    Optional,
-    Tuple,
-    TypeVar,
-    Union,
-)
-
-import pytest
-
-from sphinx.ext.autodoc import mock
-from sphinx.util.typing import INVALID_BUILTIN_CLASSES, restify, stringify_annotation
-
-
-class MyClass1:
-    pass
-
-
-class MyClass2(MyClass1):
-    __qualname__ = '<MyClass2>'
-
-
-class MyEnum(Enum):
-    a = 1
-
-
-T = TypeVar('T')
-MyInt = NewType('MyInt', int)
-
-
-class MyList(List[T]):
-    pass
-
-
-class BrokenType:
-    __args__ = int
-
-
-def test_restify():
-    assert restify(int) == ":py:class:`int`"
-    assert restify(int, "smart") == ":py:class:`int`"
-
-    assert restify(str) == ":py:class:`str`"
-    assert restify(str, "smart") == ":py:class:`str`"
-
-    assert restify(None) == ":py:obj:`None`"
-    assert restify(None, "smart") == ":py:obj:`None`"
-
-    assert restify(Integral) == ":py:class:`numbers.Integral`"
-    assert restify(Integral, "smart") == ":py:class:`~numbers.Integral`"
-
-    assert restify(Struct) == ":py:class:`struct.Struct`"
-    assert restify(Struct, "smart") == ":py:class:`~struct.Struct`"
-
-    assert restify(TracebackType) == ":py:class:`types.TracebackType`"
-    assert restify(TracebackType, "smart") == ":py:class:`~types.TracebackType`"
-
-    assert restify(Any) == ":py:obj:`~typing.Any`"
-    assert restify(Any, "smart") == ":py:obj:`~typing.Any`"
-
-    assert restify('str') == "str"
-    assert restify('str', "smart") == "str"
-
-
-def test_is_invalid_builtin_class():
-    # if these tests start failing, it means that the __module__
-    # of one of these classes has changed, and INVALID_BUILTIN_CLASSES
-    # in sphinx.util.typing needs to be updated.
-    assert INVALID_BUILTIN_CLASSES.keys() == {Struct, TracebackType}
-    assert Struct.__module__ == '_struct'
-    assert TracebackType.__module__ == 'builtins'
-
-
-def test_restify_type_hints_containers():
-    assert restify(List) == ":py:class:`~typing.List`"
-    assert restify(Dict) == ":py:class:`~typing.Dict`"
-    assert restify(List[int]) == ":py:class:`~typing.List`\\ [:py:class:`int`]"
-    assert restify(List[str]) == ":py:class:`~typing.List`\\ [:py:class:`str`]"
-    assert restify(Dict[str, float]) == (":py:class:`~typing.Dict`\\ "
-                                         "[:py:class:`str`, :py:class:`float`]")
-    assert restify(Tuple[str, str, str]) == (":py:class:`~typing.Tuple`\\ "
-                                             "[:py:class:`str`, :py:class:`str`, "
-                                             ":py:class:`str`]")
-    assert restify(Tuple[str, ...]) == ":py:class:`~typing.Tuple`\\ [:py:class:`str`, ...]"
-
-    if sys.version_info[:2] <= (3, 10):
-        assert restify(Tuple[()]) == ":py:class:`~typing.Tuple`\\ [()]"
-    else:
-        assert restify(Tuple[()]) == ":py:class:`~typing.Tuple`"
-
-    assert restify(List[Dict[str, Tuple]]) == (":py:class:`~typing.List`\\ "
-                                               "[:py:class:`~typing.Dict`\\ "
-                                               "[:py:class:`str`, :py:class:`~typing.Tuple`]]")
-    assert restify(MyList[Tuple[int, int]]) == (":py:class:`tests.test_util_typing.MyList`\\ "
-                                                "[:py:class:`~typing.Tuple`\\ "
-                                                "[:py:class:`int`, :py:class:`int`]]")
-    assert restify(Generator[None, None, None]) == (":py:class:`~typing.Generator`\\ "
-                                                    "[:py:obj:`None`, :py:obj:`None`, "
-                                                    ":py:obj:`None`]")
-
-
-def test_restify_type_hints_Callable():
-    assert restify(Callable) == ":py:class:`~typing.Callable`"
-
-    assert restify(Callable[[str], int]) == (":py:class:`~typing.Callable`\\ "
-                                             "[[:py:class:`str`], :py:class:`int`]")
-    assert restify(Callable[..., int]) == (":py:class:`~typing.Callable`\\ "
-                                           "[[...], :py:class:`int`]")
-
-
-def test_restify_type_hints_Union():
-    assert restify(Optional[int]) == ":py:obj:`~typing.Optional`\\ [:py:class:`int`]"
-    assert restify(Union[str, None]) == ":py:obj:`~typing.Optional`\\ [:py:class:`str`]"
-    assert restify(Union[int, str]) == (":py:obj:`~typing.Union`\\ "
-                                        "[:py:class:`int`, :py:class:`str`]")
-    assert restify(Union[int, Integral]) == (":py:obj:`~typing.Union`\\ "
-                                             "[:py:class:`int`, :py:class:`numbers.Integral`]")
-    assert restify(Union[int, Integral], "smart") == (":py:obj:`~typing.Union`\\ "
-                                                      "[:py:class:`int`,"
-                                                      " :py:class:`~numbers.Integral`]")
-
-    assert (restify(Union[MyClass1, MyClass2]) ==
-            (":py:obj:`~typing.Union`\\ "
-             "[:py:class:`tests.test_util_typing.MyClass1`, "
-             ":py:class:`tests.test_util_typing.<MyClass2>`]"))
-    assert (restify(Union[MyClass1, MyClass2], "smart") ==
-            (":py:obj:`~typing.Union`\\ "
-             "[:py:class:`~tests.test_util_typing.MyClass1`,"
-             " :py:class:`~tests.test_util_typing.<MyClass2>`]"))
-
-
-def test_restify_type_hints_typevars():
-    T = TypeVar('T')
-    T_co = TypeVar('T_co', covariant=True)
-    T_contra = TypeVar('T_contra', contravariant=True)
-
-    assert restify(T) == ":py:obj:`tests.test_util_typing.T`"
-    assert restify(T, "smart") == ":py:obj:`~tests.test_util_typing.T`"
-
-    assert restify(T_co) == ":py:obj:`tests.test_util_typing.T_co`"
-    assert restify(T_co, "smart") == ":py:obj:`~tests.test_util_typing.T_co`"
-
-    assert restify(T_contra) == ":py:obj:`tests.test_util_typing.T_contra`"
-    assert restify(T_contra, "smart") == ":py:obj:`~tests.test_util_typing.T_contra`"
-
-    assert restify(List[T]) == ":py:class:`~typing.List`\\ [:py:obj:`tests.test_util_typing.T`]"
-    assert restify(List[T], "smart") == ":py:class:`~typing.List`\\ [:py:obj:`~tests.test_util_typing.T`]"
-
-    assert restify(list[T]) == ":py:class:`list`\\ [:py:obj:`tests.test_util_typing.T`]"
-    assert restify(list[T], "smart") == ":py:class:`list`\\ [:py:obj:`~tests.test_util_typing.T`]"
-
-    if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 10):
-        assert restify(MyInt) == ":py:class:`tests.test_util_typing.MyInt`"
-        assert restify(MyInt, "smart") == ":py:class:`~tests.test_util_typing.MyInt`"
-    else:
-        assert restify(MyInt) == ":py:class:`MyInt`"
-        assert restify(MyInt, "smart") == ":py:class:`MyInt`"
-
-
-def test_restify_type_hints_custom_class():
-    assert restify(MyClass1) == ":py:class:`tests.test_util_typing.MyClass1`"
-    assert restify(MyClass1, "smart") == ":py:class:`~tests.test_util_typing.MyClass1`"
-
-    assert restify(MyClass2) == ":py:class:`tests.test_util_typing.<MyClass2>`"
-    assert restify(MyClass2, "smart") == ":py:class:`~tests.test_util_typing.<MyClass2>`"
-
-
-def test_restify_type_hints_alias():
-    MyStr = str
-    MyTypingTuple = Tuple[str, str]
-    MyTuple = tuple[str, str]
-    assert restify(MyStr) == ":py:class:`str`"
-    assert restify(MyTypingTuple) == ":py:class:`~typing.Tuple`\\ [:py:class:`str`, :py:class:`str`]"
-    assert restify(MyTuple) == ":py:class:`tuple`\\ [:py:class:`str`, :py:class:`str`]"
-
-
-def test_restify_type_ForwardRef():
-    from typing import ForwardRef  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-    assert restify(ForwardRef("MyInt")) == ":py:class:`MyInt`"
-
-    assert restify(list[ForwardRef("MyInt")]) == ":py:class:`list`\\ [:py:class:`MyInt`]"
-
-    assert restify(Tuple[dict[ForwardRef("MyInt"), str], list[List[int]]]) == ":py:class:`~typing.Tuple`\\ [:py:class:`dict`\\ [:py:class:`MyInt`, :py:class:`str`], :py:class:`list`\\ [:py:class:`~typing.List`\\ [:py:class:`int`]]]"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-
-
-def test_restify_type_Literal():
-    from typing import Literal  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-    assert restify(Literal[1, "2", "\r"]) == ":py:obj:`~typing.Literal`\\ [1, '2', '\\r']"
-
-    assert restify(Literal[MyEnum.a], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == ':py:obj:`~typing.Literal`\\ [:py:attr:`tests.test_util_typing.MyEnum.a`]'
-    assert restify(Literal[MyEnum.a], 'smart') == ':py:obj:`~typing.Literal`\\ [:py:attr:`~tests.test_util_typing.MyEnum.a`]'
-
-
-def test_restify_pep_585():
-    assert restify(list[str]) == ":py:class:`list`\\ [:py:class:`str`]"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-    assert restify(dict[str, str]) == (":py:class:`dict`\\ "  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-                                       "[:py:class:`str`, :py:class:`str`]")
-    assert restify(tuple[str, ...]) == ":py:class:`tuple`\\ [:py:class:`str`, ...]"
-    assert restify(tuple[str, str, str]) == (":py:class:`tuple`\\ "
-                                             "[:py:class:`str`, :py:class:`str`, "
-                                             ":py:class:`str`]")
-    assert restify(dict[str, tuple[int, ...]]) == (":py:class:`dict`\\ "  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-                                                   "[:py:class:`str`, :py:class:`tuple`\\ "
-                                                   "[:py:class:`int`, ...]]")
-
-    assert restify(tuple[()]) == ":py:class:`tuple`\\ [()]"
-
-    # Mix old typing with PEP 585
-    assert restify(List[dict[str, Tuple[str, ...]]]) == (":py:class:`~typing.List`\\ "
-                                                         "[:py:class:`dict`\\ "
-                                                         "[:py:class:`str`, :py:class:`~typing.Tuple`\\ "
-                                                         "[:py:class:`str`, ...]]]")
-    assert restify(tuple[MyList[list[int]], int]) == (":py:class:`tuple`\\ ["
-                                                      ":py:class:`tests.test_util_typing.MyList`\\ "
-                                                      "[:py:class:`list`\\ [:py:class:`int`]], "
-                                                      ":py:class:`int`]")
-
-
-@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.version_info[:2] <= (3, 9), reason='python 3.10+ is required.')
-def test_restify_type_union_operator():
-    assert restify(int | None) == ":py:class:`int` | :py:obj:`None`"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-    assert restify(int | str) == ":py:class:`int` | :py:class:`str`"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-    assert restify(int | str | None) == (":py:class:`int` | :py:class:`str` | "  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-                                         ":py:obj:`None`")
-
-
-def test_restify_broken_type_hints():
-    assert restify(BrokenType) == ':py:class:`tests.test_util_typing.BrokenType`'
-    assert restify(BrokenType, "smart") == ':py:class:`~tests.test_util_typing.BrokenType`'
-
-
-def test_restify_mock():
-    with mock(['unknown']):
-        import unknown
-        assert restify(unknown) == ':py:class:`unknown`'
-        assert restify(unknown.secret.Class) == ':py:class:`unknown.secret.Class`'
-        assert restify(unknown.secret.Class, "smart") == ':py:class:`~unknown.secret.Class`'
-
-
-def test_stringify_annotation():
-    assert stringify_annotation(int, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "int"
-    assert stringify_annotation(int, "smart") == "int"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(str, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "str"
-    assert stringify_annotation(str, "smart") == "str"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(None, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "None"
-    assert stringify_annotation(None, "smart") == "None"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(Integral, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "numbers.Integral"
-    assert stringify_annotation(Integral, "smart") == "~numbers.Integral"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(Struct, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "struct.Struct"
-    assert stringify_annotation(Struct, "smart") == "~struct.Struct"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(TracebackType, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "types.TracebackType"
-    assert stringify_annotation(TracebackType, "smart") == "~types.TracebackType"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(Any, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Any"
-    assert stringify_annotation(Any, "fully-qualified") == "typing.Any"
-    assert stringify_annotation(Any, "smart") == "~typing.Any"
-
-
-def test_stringify_type_hints_containers():
-    assert stringify_annotation(List, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "List"
-    assert stringify_annotation(List, "fully-qualified") == "typing.List"
-    assert stringify_annotation(List, "smart") == "~typing.List"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(Dict, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Dict"
-    assert stringify_annotation(Dict, "fully-qualified") == "typing.Dict"
-    assert stringify_annotation(Dict, "smart") == "~typing.Dict"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(List[int], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "List[int]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(List[int], "fully-qualified") == "typing.List[int]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(List[int], "smart") == "~typing.List[int]"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(List[str], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "List[str]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(List[str], "fully-qualified") == "typing.List[str]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(List[str], "smart") == "~typing.List[str]"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(Dict[str, float], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Dict[str, float]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(Dict[str, float], "fully-qualified") == "typing.Dict[str, float]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(Dict[str, float], "smart") == "~typing.Dict[str, float]"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[str, str, str], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Tuple[str, str, str]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[str, str, str], "fully-qualified") == "typing.Tuple[str, str, str]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[str, str, str], "smart") == "~typing.Tuple[str, str, str]"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[str, ...], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Tuple[str, ...]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[str, ...], "fully-qualified") == "typing.Tuple[str, ...]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[str, ...], "smart") == "~typing.Tuple[str, ...]"
-
-    if sys.version_info[:2] <= (3, 10):
-        assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[()], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Tuple[()]"
-        assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[()], "fully-qualified") == "typing.Tuple[()]"
-        assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[()], "smart") == "~typing.Tuple[()]"
-    else:
-        assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[()], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Tuple"
-        assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[()], "fully-qualified") == "typing.Tuple"
-        assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[()], "smart") == "~typing.Tuple"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(List[Dict[str, Tuple]], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "List[Dict[str, Tuple]]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(List[Dict[str, Tuple]], "fully-qualified") == "typing.List[typing.Dict[str, typing.Tuple]]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(List[Dict[str, Tuple]], "smart") == "~typing.List[~typing.Dict[str, ~typing.Tuple]]"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(MyList[Tuple[int, int]], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tests.test_util_typing.MyList[Tuple[int, int]]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(MyList[Tuple[int, int]], "fully-qualified") == "tests.test_util_typing.MyList[typing.Tuple[int, int]]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(MyList[Tuple[int, int]], "smart") == "~tests.test_util_typing.MyList[~typing.Tuple[int, int]]"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(Generator[None, None, None], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Generator[None, None, None]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(Generator[None, None, None], "fully-qualified") == "typing.Generator[None, None, None]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(Generator[None, None, None], "smart") == "~typing.Generator[None, None, None]"
-
-
-def test_stringify_type_hints_pep_585():
-    assert stringify_annotation(list[int], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "list[int]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(list[int], "smart") == "list[int]"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(list[str], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "list[str]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(list[str], "smart") == "list[str]"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(dict[str, float], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "dict[str, float]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(dict[str, float], "smart") == "dict[str, float]"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(tuple[str, str, str], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tuple[str, str, str]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(tuple[str, str, str], "smart") == "tuple[str, str, str]"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(tuple[str, ...], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tuple[str, ...]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(tuple[str, ...], "smart") == "tuple[str, ...]"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(tuple[()], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tuple[()]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(tuple[()], "smart") == "tuple[()]"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(list[dict[str, tuple]], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "list[dict[str, tuple]]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(list[dict[str, tuple]], "smart") == "list[dict[str, tuple]]"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(MyList[tuple[int, int]], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tests.test_util_typing.MyList[tuple[int, int]]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(MyList[tuple[int, int]], "fully-qualified") == "tests.test_util_typing.MyList[tuple[int, int]]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(MyList[tuple[int, int]], "smart") == "~tests.test_util_typing.MyList[tuple[int, int]]"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(type[int], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "type[int]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(type[int], "smart") == "type[int]"
-
-    # Mix typing and pep 585
-    assert stringify_annotation(tuple[List[dict[int, str]], str, ...], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tuple[List[dict[int, str]], str, ...]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(tuple[List[dict[int, str]], str, ...], "smart") == "tuple[~typing.List[dict[int, str]], str, ...]"
-
-
-def test_stringify_Annotated():
-    from typing import Annotated  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-    assert stringify_annotation(Annotated[str, "foo", "bar"], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "str"
-    assert stringify_annotation(Annotated[str, "foo", "bar"], "smart") == "str"
-
-
-def test_stringify_type_hints_string():
-    assert stringify_annotation("int", 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "int"
-    assert stringify_annotation("int", 'fully-qualified') == "int"
-    assert stringify_annotation("int", "smart") == "int"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation("str", 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "str"
-    assert stringify_annotation("str", 'fully-qualified') == "str"
-    assert stringify_annotation("str", "smart") == "str"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(List["int"], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "List[int]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(List["int"], 'fully-qualified') == "typing.List[int]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(List["int"], "smart") == "~typing.List[int]"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(list["int"], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "list[int]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(list["int"], 'fully-qualified') == "list[int]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(list["int"], "smart") == "list[int]"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation("Tuple[str]", 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Tuple[str]"
-    assert stringify_annotation("Tuple[str]", 'fully-qualified') == "Tuple[str]"
-    assert stringify_annotation("Tuple[str]", "smart") == "Tuple[str]"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation("tuple[str]", 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tuple[str]"
-    assert stringify_annotation("tuple[str]", 'fully-qualified') == "tuple[str]"
-    assert stringify_annotation("tuple[str]", "smart") == "tuple[str]"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation("unknown", 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "unknown"
-    assert stringify_annotation("unknown", 'fully-qualified') == "unknown"
-    assert stringify_annotation("unknown", "smart") == "unknown"
-
-
-def test_stringify_type_hints_Callable():
-    assert stringify_annotation(Callable, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Callable"
-    assert stringify_annotation(Callable, "fully-qualified") == "typing.Callable"
-    assert stringify_annotation(Callable, "smart") == "~typing.Callable"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(Callable[[str], int], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Callable[[str], int]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(Callable[[str], int], "fully-qualified") == "typing.Callable[[str], int]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(Callable[[str], int], "smart") == "~typing.Callable[[str], int]"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(Callable[..., int], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Callable[[...], int]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(Callable[..., int], "fully-qualified") == "typing.Callable[[...], int]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(Callable[..., int], "smart") == "~typing.Callable[[...], int]"
-
-
-def test_stringify_type_hints_Union():
-    assert stringify_annotation(Optional[int], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "int | None"
-    assert stringify_annotation(Optional[int], "fully-qualified") == "int | None"
-    assert stringify_annotation(Optional[int], "smart") == "int | None"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(Union[str, None], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "str | None"
-    assert stringify_annotation(Union[str, None], "fully-qualified") == "str | None"
-    assert stringify_annotation(Union[str, None], "smart") == "str | None"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(Union[int, str], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "int | str"
-    assert stringify_annotation(Union[int, str], "fully-qualified") == "int | str"
-    assert stringify_annotation(Union[int, str], "smart") == "int | str"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(Union[int, Integral], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "int | numbers.Integral"
-    assert stringify_annotation(Union[int, Integral], "fully-qualified") == "int | numbers.Integral"
-    assert stringify_annotation(Union[int, Integral], "smart") == "int | ~numbers.Integral"
-
-    assert (stringify_annotation(Union[MyClass1, MyClass2], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') ==
-            "tests.test_util_typing.MyClass1 | tests.test_util_typing.<MyClass2>")
-    assert (stringify_annotation(Union[MyClass1, MyClass2], "fully-qualified") ==
-            "tests.test_util_typing.MyClass1 | tests.test_util_typing.<MyClass2>")
-    assert (stringify_annotation(Union[MyClass1, MyClass2], "smart") ==
-            "~tests.test_util_typing.MyClass1 | ~tests.test_util_typing.<MyClass2>")
-
-
-def test_stringify_type_hints_typevars():
-    T = TypeVar('T')
-    T_co = TypeVar('T_co', covariant=True)
-    T_contra = TypeVar('T_contra', contravariant=True)
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(T, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tests.test_util_typing.T"
-    assert stringify_annotation(T, "smart") == "~tests.test_util_typing.T"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(T_co, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tests.test_util_typing.T_co"
-    assert stringify_annotation(T_co, "smart") == "~tests.test_util_typing.T_co"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(T_contra, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tests.test_util_typing.T_contra"
-    assert stringify_annotation(T_contra, "smart") == "~tests.test_util_typing.T_contra"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(List[T], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "List[tests.test_util_typing.T]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(List[T], "smart") == "~typing.List[~tests.test_util_typing.T]"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(list[T], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "list[tests.test_util_typing.T]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(list[T], "smart") == "list[~tests.test_util_typing.T]"
-
-    if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 10):
-        assert stringify_annotation(MyInt, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tests.test_util_typing.MyInt"
-        assert stringify_annotation(MyInt, "smart") == "~tests.test_util_typing.MyInt"
-    else:
-        assert stringify_annotation(MyInt, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "MyInt"
-        assert stringify_annotation(MyInt, "smart") == "MyInt"
-
-
-def test_stringify_type_hints_custom_class():
-    assert stringify_annotation(MyClass1, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tests.test_util_typing.MyClass1"
-    assert stringify_annotation(MyClass1, "smart") == "~tests.test_util_typing.MyClass1"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(MyClass2, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tests.test_util_typing.<MyClass2>"
-    assert stringify_annotation(MyClass2, "smart") == "~tests.test_util_typing.<MyClass2>"
-
-
-def test_stringify_type_hints_alias():
-    MyStr = str
-    MyTuple = Tuple[str, str]
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(MyStr, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "str"
-    assert stringify_annotation(MyStr, "smart") == "str"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(MyTuple) == "Tuple[str, str]"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-    assert stringify_annotation(MyTuple, "smart") == "~typing.Tuple[str, str]"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-
-
-def test_stringify_type_Literal():
-    from typing import Literal  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-    assert stringify_annotation(Literal[1, "2", "\r"], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Literal[1, '2', '\\r']"
-    assert stringify_annotation(Literal[1, "2", "\r"], "fully-qualified") == "typing.Literal[1, '2', '\\r']"
-    assert stringify_annotation(Literal[1, "2", "\r"], "smart") == "~typing.Literal[1, '2', '\\r']"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(Literal[MyEnum.a], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == 'Literal[tests.test_util_typing.MyEnum.a]'
-    assert stringify_annotation(Literal[MyEnum.a], 'fully-qualified') == 'typing.Literal[tests.test_util_typing.MyEnum.a]'
-    assert stringify_annotation(Literal[MyEnum.a], 'smart') == '~typing.Literal[MyEnum.a]'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.version_info[:2] <= (3, 9), reason='python 3.10+ is required.')
-def test_stringify_type_union_operator():
-    assert stringify_annotation(int | None) == "int | None"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-    assert stringify_annotation(int | None, "smart") == "int | None"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(int | str) == "int | str"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-    assert stringify_annotation(int | str, "smart") == "int | str"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(int | str | None) == "int | str | None"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-    assert stringify_annotation(int | str | None, "smart") == "int | str | None"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(int | tuple[dict[str, int | None], list[int | str]] | None) == "int | tuple[dict[str, int | None], list[int | str]] | None"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-    assert stringify_annotation(int | tuple[dict[str, int | None], list[int | str]] | None, "smart") == "int | tuple[dict[str, int | None], list[int | str]] | None"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(int | Struct) == "int | struct.Struct"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-    assert stringify_annotation(int | Struct, "smart") == "int | ~struct.Struct"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-
-
-def test_stringify_broken_type_hints():
-    assert stringify_annotation(BrokenType, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == 'tests.test_util_typing.BrokenType'
-    assert stringify_annotation(BrokenType, "smart") == '~tests.test_util_typing.BrokenType'
-
-
-def test_stringify_mock():
-    with mock(['unknown']):
-        import unknown
-        assert stringify_annotation(unknown, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == 'unknown'
-        assert stringify_annotation(unknown.secret.Class, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == 'unknown.secret.Class'
-        assert stringify_annotation(unknown.secret.Class, "smart") == 'unknown.secret.Class'
-
-
-def test_stringify_type_ForwardRef():
-    from typing import ForwardRef  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(ForwardRef("MyInt")) == "MyInt"
-    assert stringify_annotation(ForwardRef("MyInt"), 'smart') == "MyInt"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(list[ForwardRef("MyInt")]) == "list[MyInt]"
-    assert stringify_annotation(list[ForwardRef("MyInt")], 'smart') == "list[MyInt]"
-
-    assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[dict[ForwardRef("MyInt"), str], list[List[int]]]) == "Tuple[dict[MyInt, str], list[List[int]]]"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-    assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[dict[ForwardRef("MyInt"), str], list[List[int]]], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Tuple[dict[MyInt, str], list[List[int]]]"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-    assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[dict[ForwardRef("MyInt"), str], list[List[int]]], 'smart') == "~typing.Tuple[dict[MyInt, str], list[~typing.List[int]]]"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
diff --git a/tests/test_writer_latex.py b/tests/test_writer_latex.py
deleted file mode 100644
index a0ab3ee..0000000
--- a/tests/test_writer_latex.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-"""Test the LaTeX writer"""
-
-import pytest
-
-from sphinx.writers.latex import rstdim_to_latexdim
-
-
-def test_rstdim_to_latexdim():
-    # Length units docutils supported
-    # https://docutils.sourceforge.io/docs/ref/rst/restructuredtext.html#length-units
-    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('160em') == '160em'
-    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('160px') == '160\\sphinxpxdimen'
-    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('160in') == '160in'
-    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('160cm') == '160cm'
-    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('160mm') == '160mm'
-    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('160pt') == '160bp'
-    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('160pc') == '160pc'
-    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('30%') == '0.300\\linewidth'
-    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('160') == '160\\sphinxpxdimen'
-
-    # float values
-    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('160.0em') == '160.0em'
-    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('.5em') == '.5em'
-
-    # unknown values (it might be generated by 3rd party extension)
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='could not convert string to float: '):
-        rstdim_to_latexdim('unknown')
-    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('160.0unknown') == '160.0unknown'
diff --git a/tests/test_writers/__init__.py b/tests/test_writers/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/tests/test_writers/test_api_translator.py b/tests/test_writers/test_api_translator.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f2bd44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_writers/test_api_translator.py
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+"""Test the Sphinx API for translator."""
+
+import sys
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope='module', autouse=True)
+def _setup_module(rootdir):
+    p = rootdir / 'test-api-set-translator'
+    sys.path.insert(0, p)
+    yield
+    sys.path.remove(p)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
+def test_html_translator(app, status, warning):
+    # no set_translator()
+    translator_class = app.builder.get_translator_class()
+    assert translator_class
+    assert translator_class.__name__ == 'HTML5Translator'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='api-set-translator')
+def test_html_with_set_translator_for_html_(app, status, warning):
+    # use set_translator()
+    translator_class = app.builder.get_translator_class()
+    assert translator_class
+    assert translator_class.__name__ == 'ConfHTMLTranslator'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('singlehtml', testroot='api-set-translator')
+def test_singlehtml_set_translator_for_singlehtml(app, status, warning):
+    translator_class = app.builder.get_translator_class()
+    assert translator_class
+    assert translator_class.__name__ == 'ConfSingleHTMLTranslator'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('pickle', testroot='api-set-translator')
+def test_pickle_set_translator_for_pickle(app, status, warning):
+    translator_class = app.builder.get_translator_class()
+    assert translator_class
+    assert translator_class.__name__ == 'ConfPickleTranslator'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('json', testroot='api-set-translator')
+def test_json_set_translator_for_json(app, status, warning):
+    translator_class = app.builder.get_translator_class()
+    assert translator_class
+    assert translator_class.__name__ == 'ConfJsonTranslator'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='api-set-translator')
+def test_html_with_set_translator_for_latex(app, status, warning):
+    translator_class = app.builder.get_translator_class()
+    assert translator_class
+    assert translator_class.__name__ == 'ConfLaTeXTranslator'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('man', testroot='api-set-translator')
+def test_html_with_set_translator_for_man(app, status, warning):
+    translator_class = app.builder.get_translator_class()
+    assert translator_class
+    assert translator_class.__name__ == 'ConfManualPageTranslator'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('texinfo', testroot='api-set-translator')
+def test_html_with_set_translator_for_texinfo(app, status, warning):
+    translator_class = app.builder.get_translator_class()
+    assert translator_class
+    assert translator_class.__name__ == 'ConfTexinfoTranslator'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='api-set-translator')
+def test_html_with_set_translator_for_text(app, status, warning):
+    translator_class = app.builder.get_translator_class()
+    assert translator_class
+    assert translator_class.__name__ == 'ConfTextTranslator'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='api-set-translator')
+def test_html_with_set_translator_for_xml(app, status, warning):
+    translator_class = app.builder.get_translator_class()
+    assert translator_class
+    assert translator_class.__name__ == 'ConfXMLTranslator'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('pseudoxml', testroot='api-set-translator')
+def test_html_with_set_translator_for_pseudoxml(app, status, warning):
+    translator_class = app.builder.get_translator_class()
+    assert translator_class
+    assert translator_class.__name__ == 'ConfPseudoXMLTranslator'
diff --git a/tests/test_writers/test_docutilsconf.py b/tests/test_writers/test_docutilsconf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6422c30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_writers/test_docutilsconf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+"""Test docutils.conf support for several writers."""
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+from sphinx.util.docutils import patch_docutils
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='docutilsconf', freshenv=True)
+def test_html_with_default_docutilsconf(app, status, warning):
+    with patch_docutils(app.confdir):
+        app.build()
+
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('index')
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1], [nodes.paragraph, ("Sphinx ",
+                                                  [nodes.footnote_reference, "1"])])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='docutilsconf', freshenv=True,
+                    docutils_conf=('[restructuredtext parser]\n'
+                                   'trim_footnote_reference_space: true\n'))
+def test_html_with_docutilsconf(app, status, warning):
+    with patch_docutils(app.confdir):
+        app.build()
+
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('index')
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1], [nodes.paragraph, ("Sphinx",
+                                                  [nodes.footnote_reference, "1"])])
diff --git a/tests/test_writers/test_writer_latex.py b/tests/test_writers/test_writer_latex.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0ab3ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_writers/test_writer_latex.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+"""Test the LaTeX writer"""
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.writers.latex import rstdim_to_latexdim
+
+
+def test_rstdim_to_latexdim():
+    # Length units docutils supported
+    # https://docutils.sourceforge.io/docs/ref/rst/restructuredtext.html#length-units
+    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('160em') == '160em'
+    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('160px') == '160\\sphinxpxdimen'
+    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('160in') == '160in'
+    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('160cm') == '160cm'
+    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('160mm') == '160mm'
+    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('160pt') == '160bp'
+    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('160pc') == '160pc'
+    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('30%') == '0.300\\linewidth'
+    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('160') == '160\\sphinxpxdimen'
+
+    # float values
+    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('160.0em') == '160.0em'
+    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('.5em') == '.5em'
+
+    # unknown values (it might be generated by 3rd party extension)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='could not convert string to float: '):
+        rstdim_to_latexdim('unknown')
+    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('160.0unknown') == '160.0unknown'
diff --git a/tests/typing_test_data.py b/tests/typing_test_data.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 8a7ebc4..0000000
--- a/tests/typing_test_data.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,129 +0,0 @@
-from inspect import Signature
-from numbers import Integral
-from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, TypeVar, Union
-
-
-def f0(x: int, y: Integral) -> None:
-    pass
-
-
-def f1(x: list[int]) -> List[int]:
-    pass
-
-
-T = TypeVar('T')
-T_co = TypeVar('T_co', covariant=True)
-T_contra = TypeVar('T_contra', contravariant=True)
-
-
-def f2(x: List[T], y: List[T_co], z: T) -> List[T_contra]:
-    pass
-
-
-def f3(x: Union[str, Integral]) -> None:
-    pass
-
-
-MyStr = str
-
-
-def f4(x: 'MyStr', y: MyStr) -> None:
-    pass
-
-
-def f5(x: int, *, y: str, z: str) -> None:
-    pass
-
-
-def f6(x: int, *args, y: str, z: str) -> None:
-    pass
-
-
-def f7(x: int = None, y: dict = {}) -> None:  # NoQA: B006
-    pass
-
-
-def f8(x: Callable[[int, str], int]) -> None:
-    # See https://github.com/ambv/typehinting/issues/149 for Callable[..., int]
-    pass
-
-
-def f9(x: Callable) -> None:
-    pass
-
-
-def f10(x: Tuple[int, str], y: Tuple[int, ...]) -> None:
-    pass
-
-
-class CustomAnnotation:
-    def __repr__(self):
-        return 'CustomAnnotation'
-
-
-def f11(x: CustomAnnotation(), y: 123) -> None:
-    pass
-
-
-def f12() -> Tuple[int, str, int]:
-    pass
-
-
-def f13() -> Optional[str]:
-    pass
-
-
-def f14() -> Any:
-    pass
-
-
-def f15(x: "Unknown", y: "int") -> Any:  # noqa: F821  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-    pass
-
-
-def f16(arg1, arg2, *, arg3=None, arg4=None):
-    pass
-
-
-def f17(*, arg3, arg4):
-    pass
-
-
-def f18(self, arg1: Union[int, Tuple] = 10) -> List[Dict]:
-    pass
-
-
-def f19(*args: int, **kwargs: str):
-    pass
-
-
-def f20() -> Optional[Union[int, str]]:
-    pass
-
-
-def f21(arg1='whatever', arg2=Signature.empty):
-    pass
-
-
-def f22(*, a, b):
-    pass
-
-
-def f23(a, b, /, c, d):
-    pass
-
-
-def f24(a, /, *, b):
-    pass
-
-
-def f25(a, b, /):
-    pass
-
-
-class Node:
-    def __init__(self, parent: Optional['Node']) -> None:
-        pass
-
-    def children(self) -> List['Node']:
-        pass
diff --git a/tests/utils.py b/tests/utils.py
index 32636b7..5636a13 100644
--- a/tests/utils.py
+++ b/tests/utils.py
@@ -1,55 +1,125 @@
-import contextlib
-import http.server
-import pathlib
-import threading
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = ('http_server',)
+
+import socket
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from http.server import ThreadingHTTPServer
+from pathlib import Path
 from ssl import PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER, SSLContext
+from threading import Thread
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Iterator
+    from http.server import HTTPServer
+    from socketserver import BaseRequestHandler
+    from typing import Final
 
-import filelock
+    from sphinx.application import Sphinx
 
 # Generated with:
 # $ openssl req -new -x509 -days 3650 -nodes -out cert.pem \
 #     -keyout cert.pem -addext "subjectAltName = DNS:localhost"
-TESTS_ROOT = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent
-CERT_FILE = str(TESTS_ROOT / "certs" / "cert.pem")
+TESTS_ROOT: Final[Path] = Path(__file__).parent
+CERT_FILE: Final[str] = str(TESTS_ROOT / 'certs' / 'cert.pem')
 
-# File lock for tests
-LOCK_PATH = str(TESTS_ROOT / 'test-server.lock')
 
+class HttpServerThread(Thread):
+    def __init__(self, handler: type[BaseRequestHandler], *, port: int = 0) -> None:
+        """
+        Constructs a threaded HTTP server.  The default port number of ``0``
+        delegates selection of a port number to bind to to Python.
 
-class HttpServerThread(threading.Thread):
-    def __init__(self, handler, *args, **kwargs):
-        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
-        self.server = http.server.ThreadingHTTPServer(("localhost", 7777), handler)
+        Ref: https://docs.python.org/3.11/library/socketserver.html#asynchronous-mixins
+        """
+        super().__init__(daemon=True)
+        self.server = ThreadingHTTPServer(('localhost', port), handler)
 
-    def run(self):
+    def run(self) -> None:
         self.server.serve_forever(poll_interval=0.001)
 
-    def terminate(self):
+    def terminate(self) -> None:
         self.server.shutdown()
         self.server.server_close()
         self.join()
 
 
 class HttpsServerThread(HttpServerThread):
-    def __init__(self, handler, *args, **kwargs):
-        super().__init__(handler, *args, **kwargs)
+    def __init__(self, handler: type[BaseRequestHandler], *, port: int = 0) -> None:
+        super().__init__(handler, port=port)
         sslcontext = SSLContext(PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)
         sslcontext.load_cert_chain(CERT_FILE)
         self.server.socket = sslcontext.wrap_socket(self.server.socket, server_side=True)
 
 
-def create_server(thread_class):
-    def server(handler):
-        lock = filelock.FileLock(LOCK_PATH)
-        with lock:
-            server_thread = thread_class(handler, daemon=True)
-            server_thread.start()
-            try:
-                yield server_thread
-            finally:
-                server_thread.terminate()
-    return contextlib.contextmanager(server)
+@contextmanager
+def http_server(
+    handler: type[BaseRequestHandler],
+    *,
+    tls_enabled: bool = False,
+    port: int = 0,
+) -> Iterator[HTTPServer]:
+    server_cls = HttpsServerThread if tls_enabled else HttpServerThread
+    server_thread = server_cls(handler, port=port)
+    server_thread.start()
+    server_port = server_thread.server.server_port
+    assert port == 0 or server_port == port
+    try:
+        socket.create_connection(('localhost', server_port), timeout=0.5).close()
+        yield server_thread.server  # Connection has been confirmed possible; proceed.
+    finally:
+        server_thread.terminate()
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def rewrite_hyperlinks(app: Sphinx, server: HTTPServer) -> Iterator[None]:
+    """
+    Rewrite hyperlinks that refer to network location 'localhost:7777',
+    allowing that location to vary dynamically with the arbitrary test HTTP
+    server port assigned during unit testing.
+
+    :param app: The Sphinx application where link replacement is to occur.
+    :param server: Destination server to redirect the hyperlinks to.
+    """
+    match_netloc, replacement_netloc = (
+        'localhost:7777',
+        f'localhost:{server.server_port}',
+    )
+
+    def rewrite_hyperlink(_app: Sphinx, uri: str) -> str | None:
+        parsed_uri = urlparse(uri)
+        if parsed_uri.netloc != match_netloc:
+            return uri
+        return parsed_uri._replace(netloc=replacement_netloc).geturl()
+
+    listener_id = app.connect('linkcheck-process-uri', rewrite_hyperlink)
+    yield
+    app.disconnect(listener_id)
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def serve_application(
+    app: Sphinx,
+    handler: type[BaseRequestHandler],
+    *,
+    tls_enabled: bool = False,
+    port: int = 0,
+) -> Iterator[str]:
+    """
+    Prepare a temporary server to handle HTTP requests related to the links
+    found in a Sphinx application project.
 
+    :param app: The Sphinx application.
+    :param handler: Determines how each request will be handled.
+    :param tls_enabled: Whether TLS (SSL) should be enabled for the server.
+    :param port: Optional server port (default: auto).
 
-http_server = create_server(HttpServerThread)
-https_server = create_server(HttpsServerThread)
+    :return: The address of the temporary HTTP server.
+    """
+    with (
+        http_server(handler, tls_enabled=tls_enabled, port=port) as server,
+        rewrite_hyperlinks(app, server),
+    ):
+        yield f'localhost:{server.server_port}'
-- 
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