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+<!-- keywords: sqlite3_result_blob sqlite3_result_blob64 sqlite3_result_double sqlite3_result_error sqlite3_result_error16 sqlite3_result_error_code sqlite3_result_error_nomem sqlite3_result_error_toobig sqlite3_result_int sqlite3_result_int64 sqlite3_result_null sqlite3_result_pointer sqlite3_result_text sqlite3_result_text16 sqlite3_result_text16be sqlite3_result_text16le sqlite3_result_text64 sqlite3_result_value sqlite3_result_zeroblob sqlite3_result_zeroblob64 -->
+<div class=nosearch>
+<a href="../c3ref/intro.html"><h2>SQLite C Interface</h2></a>
+<h2>Setting The Result Of An SQL Function</h2>
+</div>
+<blockquote><pre>
+void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
+void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
+                           sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
+void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
+void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
+void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
+void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
+void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
+void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
+void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
+void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
+void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
+void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
+void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
+                           void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
+void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
+void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
+void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
+void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
+void sqlite3_result_pointer(sqlite3_context*, void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
+void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
+int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
+</pre></blockquote>
+<p>
+These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
+implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
+<a href="../c3ref/create_function.html">sqlite3_create_function()</a> and <a href="../c3ref/create_function.html">sqlite3_create_function16()</a>
+for additional information.</p>
+
+<p>These functions work very much like the <a href="../c3ref/bind_blob.html">parameter binding</a> family of
+functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
+Refer to the <a href="../c3ref/bind_blob.html">SQL parameter</a> documentation for additional information.</p>
+
+<p>The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
+an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
+to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
+third parameter.</p>
+
+<p>The sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N) and sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(C,N)
+interfaces set the result of the application-defined function to be
+a BLOB containing all zero bytes and N bytes in size.</p>
+
+<p>The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
+an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
+by its 2nd argument.</p>
+
+<p>The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
+cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
+SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
+2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
+as the text of an error message.  SQLite interprets the error
+message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. SQLite
+interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 using
+the same <a href="../c3ref/bind_blob.html#byteorderdeterminationrules">byte-order determination rules</a> as <a href="../c3ref/bind_blob.html">sqlite3_bind_text16()</a>.
+If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
+or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
+message all text up through the first zero character.
+If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
+sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
+bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
+The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
+routines make a private copy of the error message text before
+they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
+modify the text after they return without harm.
+The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
+returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  By default,
+the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
+or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.</p>
+
+<p>The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
+error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.</p>
+
+<p>The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
+error indicating that a memory allocation failed.</p>
+
+<p>The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
+of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
+value given in the 2nd argument.
+The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
+of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
+value given in the 2nd argument.</p>
+
+<p>The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
+of the application-defined function to be NULL.</p>
+
+<p>The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
+sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
+set the return value of the application-defined function to be
+a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
+UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
+The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
+application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
+specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
+of <a href="../c3ref/c_any.html">SQLITE_UTF8</a>, <a href="../c3ref/c_any.html">SQLITE_UTF16</a>, <a href="../c3ref/c_any.html">SQLITE_UTF16BE</a>, or <a href="../c3ref/c_any.html">SQLITE_UTF16LE</a>.
+SQLite takes the text result from the application from
+the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
+If the 3rd parameter to any of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
+other than sqlite3_result_text64() is negative, then SQLite computes
+the string length itself by searching the 2nd parameter for the first
+zero character.
+If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
+is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
+pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
+function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
+must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
+appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
+in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
+parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
+result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
+If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
+or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
+function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
+finished using that result.
+If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
+sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
+assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
+copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
+when it has finished using that result.
+If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
+or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
+then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained
+from <a href="../c3ref/free.html">sqlite3_malloc()</a> before it returns.</p>
+
+<p>For the sqlite3_result_text16(), sqlite3_result_text16le(), and
+sqlite3_result_text16be() routines, and for sqlite3_result_text64()
+when the encoding is not UTF8, if the input UTF16 begins with a
+byte-order mark (BOM, U+FEFF) then the BOM is removed from the
+string and the rest of the string is interpreted according to the
+byte-order specified by the BOM.  The byte-order specified by
+the BOM at the beginning of the text overrides the byte-order
+specified by the interface procedure.  So, for example, if
+sqlite3_result_text16le() is invoked with text that begins
+with bytes 0xfe, 0xff (a big-endian byte-order mark) then the
+first two bytes of input are skipped and the remaining input
+is interpreted as UTF16BE text.</p>
+
+<p>For UTF16 input text to the sqlite3_result_text16(),
+sqlite3_result_text16be(), sqlite3_result_text16le(), and
+sqlite3_result_text64() routines, if the text contains invalid
+UTF16 characters, the invalid characters might be converted
+into the unicode replacement character, U+FFFD.</p>
+
+<p>The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
+the application-defined function to be a copy of the
+<a href="../c3ref/value.html">unprotected sqlite3_value</a> object specified by the 2nd parameter.  The
+sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the <a href="../c3ref/value.html">sqlite3_value</a>
+so that the <a href="../c3ref/value.html">sqlite3_value</a> specified in the parameter may change or
+be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
+A <a href="../c3ref/value.html">protected sqlite3_value</a> object may always be used where an
+<a href="../c3ref/value.html">unprotected sqlite3_value</a> object is required, so either
+kind of <a href="../c3ref/value.html">sqlite3_value</a> object can be used with this interface.</p>
+
+<p>The sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,T,D) interface sets the result to an
+SQL NULL value, just like <a href="../c3ref/result_blob.html">sqlite3_result_null(C)</a>, except that it
+also associates the host-language pointer P or type T with that
+NULL value such that the pointer can be retrieved within an
+<a href="../appfunc.html">application-defined SQL function</a> using <a href="../c3ref/value_blob.html">sqlite3_value_pointer()</a>.
+If the D parameter is not NULL, then it is a pointer to a destructor
+for the P parameter.  SQLite invokes D with P as its only argument
+when SQLite is finished with P.  The T parameter should be a static
+string and preferably a string literal. The sqlite3_result_pointer()
+routine is part of the <a href="../bindptr.html">pointer passing interface</a> added for SQLite 3.20.0.</p>
+
+<p>If these routines are called from within the different thread
+than the one containing the application-defined function that received
+the <a href="../c3ref/context.html">sqlite3_context</a> pointer, the results are undefined.
+</p><p>See also lists of
+  <a href="../c3ref/objlist.html">Objects</a>,
+  <a href="../c3ref/constlist.html">Constants</a>, and
+  <a href="../c3ref/funclist.html">Functions</a>.</p>
+