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+Built-In Mathematical SQL Functions
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+<h1 id="overview"><span>1. </span>Overview</h1>
+
+<p>The math functions shown below are a subgroup of
+<a href="lang_corefunc.html">scalar functions</a> that are built into the
+<a href="amalgamation.html">SQLite amalgamation source file</a> but are only active
+if the amalgamation is compiled using the
+<a href="compile.html#enable_math_functions">-DSQLITE_ENABLE_MATH_FUNCTIONS</a> compile-time option.
+
+</p><p>The arguments to math functions can be integers, floating-point numbers,
+or strings or blobs that look like integers or real numbers.  If any argument
+is NULL or is a string or blob that is not readily converted into a number,
+then the function will return NULL.
+These functions also return NULL for domain errors, such as trying to
+take the square root of a negative number, or compute the arccosine of a
+value greater than 1.0 or less than -1.0.
+
+</p><p>The values returned by these functions are often approximations.
+For example, the <a href="lang_mathfunc.html#pi">pi()</a> function returns 
+3.141592653589793115997963468544185161590576171875 which 
+is about 1.22465e-16 too small, but it is the closest approximation available
+for IEEE754 doubles.
+
+<p>
+<div class='columns' style='columns: 15em auto;'>
+<ul style='padding-top:0;'>
+<li><a href='lang_mathfunc.html#acos'>acos(X)</a></li>
+<li><a href='lang_mathfunc.html#acosh'>acosh(X)</a></li>
+<li><a href='lang_mathfunc.html#asin'>asin(X)</a></li>
+<li><a href='lang_mathfunc.html#asinh'>asinh(X)</a></li>
+<li><a href='lang_mathfunc.html#atan'>atan(X)</a></li>
+<li><a href='lang_mathfunc.html#atan2'>atan2(Y,X)</a></li>
+<li><a href='lang_mathfunc.html#atanh'>atanh(X)</a></li>
+<li><a href='lang_mathfunc.html#ceil'>ceil(X)</a></li>
+<li><a href='lang_mathfunc.html#ceil'>ceiling(X)</a></li>
+<li><a href='lang_mathfunc.html#cos'>cos(X)</a></li>
+<li><a href='lang_mathfunc.html#cosh'>cosh(X)</a></li>
+<li><a href='lang_mathfunc.html#degrees'>degrees(X)</a></li>
+<li><a href='lang_mathfunc.html#exp'>exp(X)</a></li>
+<li><a href='lang_mathfunc.html#floor'>floor(X)</a></li>
+<li><a href='lang_mathfunc.html#ln'>ln(X)</a></li>
+<li><a href='lang_mathfunc.html#log'>log(B,X)</a></li>
+<li><a href='lang_mathfunc.html#log'>log(X)</a></li>
+<li><a href='lang_mathfunc.html#log'>log10(X)</a></li>
+<li><a href='lang_mathfunc.html#log2'>log2(X)</a></li>
+<li><a href='lang_mathfunc.html#mod'>mod(X,Y)</a></li>
+<li><a href='lang_mathfunc.html#pi'>pi()</a></li>
+<li><a href='lang_mathfunc.html#pow'>pow(X,Y)</a></li>
+<li><a href='lang_mathfunc.html#pow'>power(X,Y)</a></li>
+<li><a href='lang_mathfunc.html#radians'>radians(X)</a></li>
+<li><a href='lang_mathfunc.html#sin'>sin(X)</a></li>
+<li><a href='lang_mathfunc.html#sinh'>sinh(X)</a></li>
+<li><a href='lang_mathfunc.html#sqrt'>sqrt(X)</a></li>
+<li><a href='lang_mathfunc.html#tan'>tan(X)</a></li>
+<li><a href='lang_mathfunc.html#tanh'>tanh(X)</a></li>
+<li><a href='lang_mathfunc.html#trunc'>trunc(X)</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+</p><h1 id="descriptions_of_built_in_scalar_sql_math_functions"><span>2. </span>Descriptions of built-in scalar SQL math functions</h1>
+<dl>
+
+<a name="acos"></a>
+<dt><p><b>acos(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
+  Return the arccosine of X.  The result is in radians.
+</dd>
+<a name="acosh"></a>
+<dt><p><b>acosh(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
+  Return the hyperbolic arccosine of X.
+</dd>
+<a name="asin"></a>
+<dt><p><b>asin(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
+  Return the arcsine of X.  The result is in radians.
+</dd>
+<a name="asinh"></a>
+<dt><p><b>asinh(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
+  Return the hyperbolic arcsine of X.
+</dd>
+<a name="atan"></a>
+<dt><p><b>atan(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
+  Return the arctangent of X.  The result is in radians.
+</dd>
+<a name="atan2"></a>
+<dt><p><b>atan2(<i>Y</i>,<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
+  Return the arctangent of Y/X.  The result is in radians.  The
+  result is placed into correct quadrant depending on the signs
+  of X and Y.
+</dd>
+<a name="atanh"></a>
+<dt><p><b>atanh(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
+  Return the hyperbolic arctangent of X.
+</dd>
+<a name="ceil"></a>
+<dt><p><b>ceil(<i>X</i>)<br />ceiling(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
+  Return the first representable integer value greater than or equal to X.
+  For positive values of X, this routine rounds away from zero.
+  For negative values of X, this routine rounds toward zero.
+</dd>
+<a name="cos"></a>
+<dt><p><b>cos(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
+  Return the cosine of X.  X is in radians.
+</dd>
+<a name="cosh"></a>
+<dt><p><b>cosh(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
+  Return the hyperbolic cosine of X.
+</dd>
+<a name="degrees"></a>
+<dt><p><b>degrees(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
+  Convert value X from radians into degrees.
+</dd>
+<a name="exp"></a>
+<dt><p><b>exp(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
+  Compute <i>e</i> (Euler's number, approximately 2.71828182845905) raised
+  to the power X.
+</dd>
+<a name="floor"></a>
+<dt><p><b>floor(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
+  Return the first representable integer value less than or equal to X.
+  For positive numbers, this function rounds toward zero.
+  For negative numbers, this function rounds away from zero.
+</dd>
+<a name="ln"></a>
+<dt><p><b>ln(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
+  Return the natural logarithm of X.
+</dd>
+<a name="log"></a>
+<dt><p><b>log(<i>X</i>)<br />log10(<i>X</i>)<br />log(<i>B</i>,<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
+  Return the base-10 logarithm for X.  Or, for the two-argument version,
+  return the base-B logarithm of X.
+  <p>
+  Compatibility note:  SQLite works like PostgreSQL in that the log() function
+  computes a base-10 logarithm.  Most other SQL database engines compute a
+  natural logarithm for log().  In the two-argument version of log(B,X), the
+  first argument is the base and the second argument is the operand.  This is
+  the same as in PostgreSQL and MySQL, but is reversed from SQL Server which
+  uses the second argument as the base and the first argument as the operand.
+</dd>
+<a name="log2"></a>
+<dt><p><b>log2(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
+  Return the logarithm base-2 for the number X.
+</dd>
+<a name="mod"></a>
+<dt><p><b>mod(<i>X</i>,<i>Y</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
+  Return the remainder after dividing X by Y.  This is similar to the '%'
+  operator, except that it works for non-integer arguments.
+</dd>
+<a name="pi"></a>
+<dt><p><b>pi()</b></dt><dd><p>
+  Return an approximation for &pi;.
+</dd>
+<a name="pow"></a>
+<dt><p><b>pow(<i>X</i>,<i>Y</i>)<br />power(<i>X</i>,<i>Y</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
+  Compute X raised to the power Y.
+</dd>
+<a name="radians"></a>
+<dt><p><b>radians(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
+  Convert X from degrees into radians.
+</dd>
+<a name="sin"></a>
+<dt><p><b>sin(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
+  Return the sine of X.  X is in radians.
+</dd>
+<a name="sinh"></a>
+<dt><p><b>sinh(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
+  Return the hyperbolic sine of X.
+</dd>
+<a name="sqrt"></a>
+<dt><p><b>sqrt(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
+  Return the square root of X.  NULL is returned if X is negative.
+</dd>
+<a name="tan"></a>
+<dt><p><b>tan(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
+  Return the tangent of X.  X is in radians.
+</dd>
+<a name="tanh"></a>
+<dt><p><b>tanh(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
+  Return the hyperbolic tangent of X.
+</dd>
+<a name="trunc"></a>
+<dt><p><b>trunc(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
+  Return the representable integer in between X and 0 (inclusive)
+  that is furthest away from zero.  Or, in other words, return the
+  integer part of X, rounding toward zero.
+  The trunc() function is similar to <a href="lang_mathfunc.html#ceil">ceiling(X)</a> and <a href="lang_mathfunc.html#floor">floor(X)</a> except
+  that it always rounds toward zero whereas ceiling(X) and floor(X) round
+  up and down, respectively.
+</dd>
+
+</dl>
+<p align="center"><small><i>This page last modified on  <a href="https://sqlite.org/docsrc/honeypot" id="mtimelink"  data-href="https://sqlite.org/docsrc/finfo/pages/lang_mathfunc.in?m=5307cdcb91">2023-12-05 14:43:20</a> UTC </small></i></p>
+