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+<div class=fancy>
+<div class=nosearch>
+<div class="fancy_title">
+Savepoints
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<h1 id="syntax"><span>1. </span>Syntax</h1>
+
+<p><b><a href="syntax/savepoint-stmt.html">savepoint-stmt:</a></b>
+<button id='xb9721ecc' onclick='hideorshow("xb9721ecc","x4076c644")'>hide</button></p>
+ <div id='x4076c644' class='imgcontainer'>
+ <div style="max-width:346px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 346.003 34.56">
+<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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+<path d="M9,17L26,17"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
+<path d="M47,32L131,32A15 15 0 0 0 146 17A15 15 0 0 0 131 2L47,2A15 15 0 0 0 32 17A15 15 0 0 0 47 32Z"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
+<text x="89" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">SAVEPOINT</text>
+<polygon points="169,17 158,21 158,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
+<path d="M146,17L164,17"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
+<path d="M185,32L298,32A15 15 0 0 0 313 17A15 15 0 0 0 298 2L185,2A15 15 0 0 0 169 17A15 15 0 0 0 185 32Z"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
+<text x="241" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">savepoint-name</text>
+<polygon points="336,17 325,21 325,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
+<path d="M313,17L330,17"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
+<circle cx="340" cy="17" r="3.6"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
+</svg>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p><b><a href="syntax/release-stmt.html">release-stmt:</a></b>
+<button id='xa254d5c5' onclick='hideorshow("xa254d5c5","x9bcd8b3e")'>hide</button></p>
+ <div id='x9bcd8b3e' class='imgcontainer'>
+ <div style="max-width:488px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 488.736 54">
+<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
+<polygon points="32,17 20,21 20,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
+<path d="M9,17L26,17"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
+<path d="M47,32L111,32A15 15 0 0 0 126 17A15 15 0 0 0 111 2L47,2A15 15 0 0 0 32 17A15 15 0 0 0 47 32Z"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
+<text x="79" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">RELEASE</text>
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+<path d="M126,17L156,17"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
+<path d="M177,32L261,32A15 15 0 0 0 276 17A15 15 0 0 0 261 2L177,2A15 15 0 0 0 162 17A15 15 0 0 0 177 32Z"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
+<text x="219" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">SAVEPOINT</text>
+<polygon points="312,17 301,21 301,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
+<path d="M276,17L306,17"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
+<path d="M327,32L441,32A15 15 0 0 0 456 17A15 15 0 0 0 441 2L327,2A15 15 0 0 0 312 17A15 15 0 0 0 327 32Z"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
+<text x="384" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">savepoint-name</text>
+<polygon points="479,17 467,21 467,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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+</svg>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p><b><a href="syntax/rollback-stmt.html">rollback-stmt:</a></b>
+<button id='xca7d6da2' onclick='hideorshow("xca7d6da2","x9b810f3e")'>hide</button></p>
+ <div id='x9b810f3e' class='imgcontainer'>
+ <div style="max-width:801px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 801.734 67.392">
+<circle cx="5" cy="33" r="3.6"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
+<polygon points="32,33 20,38 20,29" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
+<path d="M9,33L26,33"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
+<path d="M47,48L125,48A15 15 0 0 0 140 33A15 15 0 0 0 125 18L47,18A15 15 0 0 0 32 33A15 15 0 0 0 47 48Z"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
+<text x="86" y="33" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ROLLBACK</text>
+<polygon points="176,33 164,38 164,29" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
+<path d="M140,33L170,33"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
+<path d="M191,48L303,48A15 15 0 0 0 318 33A15 15 0 0 0 303 18L191,18A15 15 0 0 0 176 33A15 15 0 0 0 191 48Z"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
+<text x="247" y="33" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">TRANSACTION</text>
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+<path d="M318,33L384,33"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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+<text x="408" y="33" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">TO</text>
+<polygon points="462,33 450,38 450,29" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
+<path d="M426,33L456,33"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
+<path d="M477,48L561,48A15 15 0 0 0 576 33A15 15 0 0 0 561 18L477,18A15 15 0 0 0 462 33A15 15 0 0 0 477 48Z"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
+<text x="519" y="33" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">SAVEPOINT</text>
+<polygon points="612,33 601,38 601,29" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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+<path d="M627,48L741,48A15 15 0 0 0 756 33A15 15 0 0 0 741 18L627,18A15 15 0 0 0 612 33A15 15 0 0 0 627 48Z"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
+<text x="684" y="33" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">savepoint-name</text>
+<polygon points="792,33 780,38 780,29" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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+<path d="M519,60 L 756,60 Q 771,60 771,47 Q 771,33 778,33 L 786,33"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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+</svg>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+<h1 id="savepoints"><span>2. </span>Savepoints</h1>
+
+<p> SAVEPOINTs are a method of creating transactions, similar to
+<a href="lang_transaction.html">BEGIN</a> and <a href="lang_transaction.html">COMMIT</a>, except that the SAVEPOINT and RELEASE commands
+are named and may be nested.</p>
+
+<p> The SAVEPOINT command starts a new transaction with a name.
+The transaction names need not be unique.
+A SAVEPOINT can be started either within or outside of
+a <a href="lang_transaction.html">BEGIN</a>...<a href="lang_transaction.html">COMMIT</a>.  When a SAVEPOINT is the outer-most savepoint
+and it is not within a <a href="lang_transaction.html">BEGIN</a>...<a href="lang_transaction.html">COMMIT</a> then the behavior is the
+same as BEGIN DEFERRED TRANSACTION.</p>
+
+<p>The ROLLBACK TO command reverts the state of the database back to what
+it was just after the corresponding SAVEPOINT.  Note that unlike that
+plain <a href="lang_transaction.html">ROLLBACK</a> command (without the TO keyword) the ROLLBACK TO command
+does not cancel the transaction.  Instead of cancelling the transaction,
+the ROLLBACK TO command restarts the transaction again at the beginning.
+All intervening SAVEPOINTs are canceled, however.</p>
+
+<p>The RELEASE command is like a <a href="lang_transaction.html">COMMIT</a> for a SAVEPOINT.
+The RELEASE command causes all savepoints back to and including the 
+most recent savepoint with a matching name to be removed from the 
+transaction stack.  The RELEASE of an inner transaction
+does not cause any changes to be written to the database file; it merely
+removes savepoints from the transaction stack such that it is
+no longer possible to ROLLBACK TO those savepoints.
+If a RELEASE command releases the outermost savepoint, so
+that the transaction stack becomes empty, then RELEASE is the same
+as <a href="lang_transaction.html">COMMIT</a>.
+The <a href="lang_transaction.html">COMMIT</a> command may be used to release all savepoints and
+commit the transaction even if the transaction was originally started
+by a SAVEPOINT command instead of a <a href="lang_transaction.html">BEGIN</a> command.</p>
+
+<p>If the savepoint-name in a RELEASE command does not match any
+savepoint currently in the transaction stack, then no savepoints are
+released, the database is unchanged, and the RELEASE command returns
+an error.</p>
+
+<p>Note that an inner transaction might commit (using the RELEASE command)
+but then later have its work undone by a ROLLBACK in an outer transaction.
+A power failure or program crash or OS crash will cause the outer-most
+transaction to rollback, undoing all changes that have occurred within
+that outer transaction, even changes that have supposedly been "committed"
+by the RELEASE command.  Content is not actually committed on the disk 
+until the outermost transaction commits.</p>
+
+<p>There are several ways of thinking about the RELEASE command:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><p>
+Some people view RELEASE as the equivalent of COMMIT for a SAVEPOINT.
+This is an acceptable point of view as long as one remembers that the
+changes committed by an inner transaction might later be undone by a
+rollback in an outer transaction.</p></li>
+
+<li><p>
+Another view of RELEASE is that it merges a named transaction into its
+parent transaction, so that the named transaction and its parent become
+the same transaction.  After RELEASE, the named transaction and its parent
+will commit or rollback together, whatever their fate may be.
+</p></li>
+
+<li><p>
+One can also think of savepoints as
+"marks" in the transaction timeline.  In this view, the SAVEPOINT command
+creates a new mark, the ROLLBACK TO command rewinds the timeline back
+to a point just after the named mark, and the RELEASE command
+erases marks from the timeline without actually making any
+changes to the database.
+</p></li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<h1 id="transaction_nesting_rules"><span>3. </span>Transaction Nesting Rules</h1>
+
+<p>The last transaction started will be the first
+transaction committed or rolled back.</p>
+
+<p>The <a href="lang_transaction.html">BEGIN</a> command only works if the transaction stack is empty, or
+in other words if there are no pending transactions.  If the transaction
+stack is not empty when the <a href="lang_transaction.html">BEGIN</a> command is invoked, then the command
+fails with an error.</p>
+
+<p>The <a href="lang_transaction.html">COMMIT</a> command commits all outstanding transactions and leaves
+the transaction stack empty.</p>
+
+<p>The RELEASE command starts with the most recent addition to the
+transaction stack and releases savepoints backwards 
+in time until it releases a savepoint with a matching savepoint-name.
+Prior savepoints, even savepoints with matching savepoint-names, are
+unchanged.
+If the RELEASE command causes the
+transaction stack to become empty (if the RELEASE command releases the
+outermost transaction from the stack) then the transaction commits.</p>
+
+<p>The <a href="lang_transaction.html">ROLLBACK</a> command without a TO clause rolls backs all transactions
+and leaves the transaction stack empty.</p>
+
+<p>The ROLLBACK command with a TO clause rolls back transactions going
+backwards in time back to the most recent SAVEPOINT with a matching name.
+The SAVEPOINT with the matching name remains on the transaction stack,
+but all database changes that occurred after that SAVEPOINT was created
+are rolled back.  If the savepoint-name in a ROLLBACK TO command does not
+match any SAVEPOINT on the stack, then the ROLLBACK command fails with an
+error and leaves the state of the database unchanged.</p>
+<p align="center"><small><i>This page last modified on  <a href="https://sqlite.org/docsrc/honeypot" id="mtimelink"  data-href="https://sqlite.org/docsrc/finfo/pages/lang_savepoint.in?m=60d80524de">2022-01-08 05:02:57</a> UTC </small></i></p>
+