+Built-In Mathematical SQL Functions +

+ + + + + +

1. Overview

+ +

The math functions shown below are a subgroup of +scalar functions that are built into the +SQLite amalgamation source file but are only active +if the amalgamation is compiled using the +-DSQLITE_ENABLE_MATH_FUNCTIONS compile-time option. + +

The arguments to math functions can be integers, floating-point numbers, +or strings or blobs that look like integers or real numbers. If any argument +is NULL or is a string or blob that is not readily converted into a number, +then the function will return NULL. +These functions also return NULL for domain errors, such as trying to +take the square root of a negative number, or compute the arccosine of a +value greater than 1.0 or less than -1.0. + +

The values returned by these functions are often approximations. +For example, the pi() function returns +3.141592653589793115997963468544185161590576171875 which +is about 1.22465e-16 too small, but it is the closest approximation available +for IEEE754 doubles. + +

+ + +

2. Descriptions of built-in scalar SQL math functions

acos(X)

+ Return the arccosine of X. The result is in radians. +

acosh(X)

+ Return the hyperbolic arccosine of X. +

asin(X)

+ Return the arcsine of X. The result is in radians. +

asinh(X)

+ Return the hyperbolic arcsine of X. +

atan(X)

+ Return the arctangent of X. The result is in radians. +

atan2(Y,X)

+ Return the arctangent of Y/X. The result is in radians. The + result is placed into correct quadrant depending on the signs + of X and Y. +

atanh(X)

+ Return the hyperbolic arctangent of X. +

ceil(X) ceiling(X)

+ Return the first representable integer value greater than or equal to X. + For positive values of X, this routine rounds away from zero. + For negative values of X, this routine rounds toward zero. +

cos(X)

+ Return the cosine of X. X is in radians. +

cosh(X)

+ Return the hyperbolic cosine of X. +

degrees(X)

+ Convert value X from radians into degrees. +

exp(X)

+ Compute e (Euler's number, approximately 2.71828182845905) raised + to the power X. +

floor(X)

+ Return the first representable integer value less than or equal to X. + For positive numbers, this function rounds toward zero. + For negative numbers, this function rounds away from zero. +

ln(X)

+ Return the natural logarithm of X. +

log(X) log10(X) log(B,X)

+ Return the base-10 logarithm for X. Or, for the two-argument version, + return the base-B logarithm of X. +

+ Compatibility note: SQLite works like PostgreSQL in that the log() function + computes a base-10 logarithm. Most other SQL database engines compute a + natural logarithm for log(). In the two-argument version of log(B,X), the + first argument is the base and the second argument is the operand. This is + the same as in PostgreSQL and MySQL, but is reversed from SQL Server which + uses the second argument as the base and the first argument as the operand. +

log2(X)

+ Return the logarithm base-2 for the number X. +

mod(X,Y)

+ Return the remainder after dividing X by Y. This is similar to the '%' + operator, except that it works for non-integer arguments. +

pi()

+ Return an approximation for π. +

pow(X,Y) power(X,Y)

+ Compute X raised to the power Y. +

radians(X)

+ Convert X from degrees into radians. +

sin(X)

+ Return the sine of X. X is in radians. +

sinh(X)

+ Return the hyperbolic sine of X. +

sqrt(X)

+ Return the square root of X. NULL is returned if X is negative. +

tan(X)

+ Return the tangent of X. X is in radians. +

tanh(X)

+ Return the hyperbolic tangent of X. +

trunc(X)

+ Return the representable integer in between X and 0 (inclusive) + that is furthest away from zero. Or, in other words, return the + integer part of X, rounding toward zero. + The trunc() function is similar to ceiling(X) and floor(X) except + that it always rounds toward zero whereas ceiling(X) and floor(X) round + up and down, respectively. +

This page last modified on 2023-12-05 14:43:20 UTC

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