diff options
Diffstat (limited to '')
| -rw-r--r-- | src/exec_ptrace.c | 2135 |
1 files changed, 2135 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/src/exec_ptrace.c b/src/exec_ptrace.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b8a0789 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/exec_ptrace.c @@ -0,0 +1,2135 @@ +/* + * Copyright (c) 2022 Todd C. Miller <Todd.Miller@sudo.ws> + * + * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any + * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above + * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. + * + * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES + * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF + * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR + * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES + * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN + * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF + * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. + */ + +/* + * This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it. + * PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com + */ + +#include <config.h> + +#include <sys/stat.h> +#include <sys/types.h> +#include <sys/uio.h> +#include <sys/wait.h> + +#include <ctype.h> +#include <errno.h> +#include <fcntl.h> +#include <limits.h> +#include <signal.h> +#if defined(HAVE_STDINT_H) +# include <stdint.h> +#elif defined(HAVE_INTTYPES_H) +# include <inttypes.h> +#endif +#include <stddef.h> +#include <stdio.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <string.h> +#include <unistd.h> +#if defined(HAVE_ENDIAN_H) +# include <endian.h> +#elif defined(HAVE_SYS_ENDIAN_H) +# include <sys/endian.h> +#elif defined(HAVE_MACHINE_ENDIAN_H) +# include <machine/endian.h> +#else +# include <compat/endian.h> +#endif + +#include <sudo.h> +#include <sudo_exec.h> + +#ifdef HAVE_PTRACE_INTERCEPT +# include <exec_intercept.h> +# include <exec_ptrace.h> + +/* We need to take care when ptracing 32-bit binaries on 64-bit kernels. */ +# ifdef __LP64__ +# define COMPAT_FLAG 0x01 +# else +# define COMPAT_FLAG 0x00 +# endif + +static int seccomp_trap_supported = -1; +#ifdef HAVE_PROCESS_VM_READV +static size_t page_size; +#endif +static size_t arg_max; + +/* Register getters and setters. */ +# ifdef SECCOMP_AUDIT_ARCH_COMPAT +static inline unsigned long +get_stack_pointer(struct sudo_ptrace_regs *regs) +{ + if (regs->compat) { + return compat_reg_sp(regs->u.compat); + } else { + return reg_sp(regs->u.native); + } +} + +static inline void +set_sc_retval(struct sudo_ptrace_regs *regs, int retval) +{ + if (regs->compat) { + compat_reg_set_retval(regs->u.compat, retval); + } else { + reg_set_retval(regs->u.native, retval); + } +} + +static inline int +get_syscallno(struct sudo_ptrace_regs *regs) +{ + if (regs->compat) { + return compat_reg_syscall(regs->u.compat); + } else { + return reg_syscall(regs->u.native); + } +} + +static inline void +set_syscallno(pid_t pid, struct sudo_ptrace_regs *regs, int syscallno) +{ + if (regs->compat) { + compat_reg_set_syscall(regs->u.compat, syscallno); + } else { + reg_set_syscall(regs->u.native, syscallno); + } +} + +static inline unsigned long +get_sc_arg1(struct sudo_ptrace_regs *regs) +{ + if (regs->compat) { + return compat_reg_arg1(regs->u.compat); + } else { + return reg_arg1(regs->u.native); + } +} + +static inline void +set_sc_arg1(struct sudo_ptrace_regs *regs, unsigned long addr) +{ + if (regs->compat) { + compat_reg_set_arg1(regs->u.compat, addr); + } else { + reg_set_arg1(regs->u.native, addr); + } +} + +static inline unsigned long +get_sc_arg2(struct sudo_ptrace_regs *regs) +{ + if (regs->compat) { + return compat_reg_arg2(regs->u.compat); + } else { + return reg_arg2(regs->u.native); + } +} + +static inline void +set_sc_arg2(struct sudo_ptrace_regs *regs, unsigned long addr) +{ + if (regs->compat) { + compat_reg_set_arg2(regs->u.compat, addr); + } else { + reg_set_arg2(regs->u.native, addr); + } +} + +static inline unsigned long +get_sc_arg3(struct sudo_ptrace_regs *regs) +{ + if (regs->compat) { + return compat_reg_arg3(regs->u.compat); + } else { + return reg_arg3(regs->u.native); + } +} + +# ifdef notyet +static inline void +set_sc_arg3(struct sudo_ptrace_regs *regs, unsigned long addr) +{ + if (regs->compat) { + compat_reg_set_arg3(regs->u.compat, addr); + } else { + reg_set_arg3(regs->u.native, addr); + } +} + +static inline unsigned long +get_sc_arg4(struct sudo_ptrace_regs *regs) +{ + if (regs->compat) { + return compat_reg_arg4(regs->u.compat); + } else { + return reg_arg4(regs->u.native); + } +} + +static inline void +set_sc_arg4(struct sudo_ptrace_regs *regs, unsigned long addr) +{ + if (regs->compat) { + compat_reg_set_arg4(regs->u.compat, addr); + } else { + reg_set_arg4(regs->u.native, addr); + } +} +# endif /* notyet */ + +# else /* SECCOMP_AUDIT_ARCH_COMPAT */ + +static inline unsigned long +get_stack_pointer(struct sudo_ptrace_regs *regs) +{ + return reg_sp(regs->u.native); +} + +static inline void +set_sc_retval(struct sudo_ptrace_regs *regs, int retval) +{ + reg_set_retval(regs->u.native, retval); +} + +static inline int +get_syscallno(struct sudo_ptrace_regs *regs) +{ + return reg_syscall(regs->u.native); +} + +static inline void +set_syscallno(pid_t pid, struct sudo_ptrace_regs *regs, int syscallno) +{ + reg_set_syscall(regs->u.native, syscallno); +} + +static inline unsigned long +get_sc_arg1(struct sudo_ptrace_regs *regs) +{ + return reg_arg1(regs->u.native); +} + +static inline void +set_sc_arg1(struct sudo_ptrace_regs *regs, unsigned long addr) +{ + reg_set_arg1(regs->u.native, addr); +} + +static inline unsigned long +get_sc_arg2(struct sudo_ptrace_regs *regs) +{ + return reg_arg2(regs->u.native); +} + +static inline void +set_sc_arg2(struct sudo_ptrace_regs *regs, unsigned long addr) +{ + reg_set_arg2(regs->u.native, addr); +} + +static inline unsigned long +get_sc_arg3(struct sudo_ptrace_regs *regs) +{ + return reg_arg3(regs->u.native); +} + +# ifdef notyet +static inline void +set_sc_arg3(struct sudo_ptrace_regs *regs, unsigned long addr) +{ + reg_set_arg3(regs->u.native, addr); +} + +static inline unsigned long +get_sc_arg4(struct sudo_ptrace_regs *regs) +{ + return reg_arg4(regs->u.native); +} + +static inline void +set_sc_arg4(struct sudo_ptrace_regs *regs, unsigned long addr) +{ + reg_set_arg4(regs->u.native, addr); +} +# endif /* notyet */ +# endif /* SECCOMP_AUDIT_ARCH_COMPAT */ + +/* + * Get the registers for the given process and store in regs, which + * must be large enough. If the compat flag is set, pid is expected + * to refer to a 32-bit process and the md parameters will be filled + * in accordingly. + * Returns true on success, else false. + */ +static bool +ptrace_getregs(int pid, struct sudo_ptrace_regs *regs, int compat) +{ + struct iovec iov; + debug_decl(ptrace_getregs, SUDO_DEBUG_EXEC); + + iov.iov_base = ®s->u; + iov.iov_len = sizeof(regs->u); + +# ifdef __mips__ + /* PTRACE_GETREGSET has bugs with the MIPS o32 ABI at least. */ + if (ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGS, pid, NULL, iov.iov_base) == -1) + debug_return_bool(false); +# else + if (ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGSET, pid, (void *)NT_PRSTATUS, &iov) == -1) + debug_return_bool(false); +# endif /* __mips__ */ + if (compat == -1) { +# ifdef SECCOMP_AUDIT_ARCH_COMPAT + if (sizeof(regs->u.native) != sizeof(regs->u.compat)) { + /* Guess compat based on size of register struct returned. */ + compat = iov.iov_len != sizeof(regs->u.native); + } else { + /* Assume a 64-bit executable will have a 64-bit stack pointer. */ + compat = reg_sp(regs->u.native) < 0xffffffff; + } +# else + compat = false; +# endif /* SECCOMP_AUDIT_ARCH_COMPAT */ + } + + /* Machine-dependent parameters to support compat binaries. */ + if (compat) { + regs->compat = true; + regs->wordsize = sizeof(int); + } else { + regs->compat = false; + regs->wordsize = sizeof(long); + } + + debug_return_bool(true); +} + +/* + * Set the registers, specified by regs, for the given process. + * Returns true on success, else false. + */ +static bool +ptrace_setregs(int pid, struct sudo_ptrace_regs *regs) +{ + debug_decl(ptrace_setregs, SUDO_DEBUG_EXEC); + +# ifdef __mips__ + /* PTRACE_SETREGSET has bugs with the MIPS o32 ABI at least. */ + if (ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGS, pid, NULL, ®s->u) == -1) + debug_return_bool(false); +# else + struct iovec iov; + iov.iov_base = ®s->u; + iov.iov_len = sizeof(regs->u); + if (ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGSET, pid, (void *)NT_PRSTATUS, &iov) == -1) + debug_return_bool(false); +# endif /* __mips__ */ + + debug_return_bool(true); +} + +#ifdef HAVE_PROCESS_VM_READV +/* + * Read the string at addr and store in buf using process_vm_readv(2). + * Returns the number of bytes stored, including the NUL. + */ +static ssize_t +ptrace_readv_string(pid_t pid, unsigned long addr, char *buf, size_t bufsize) +{ + const char *cp, *buf0 = buf; + struct iovec local, remote; + ssize_t nread; + debug_decl(ptrace_read_string, SUDO_DEBUG_EXEC); + + /* + * Read the string via process_vm_readv(2) one page at a time. + * We could do larger reads but since we don't know the length + * of the string, going one page at a time is simplest. + */ + for (;;) { + if (bufsize == 0) { + sudo_debug_printf(SUDO_DEBUG_ERROR, + "%s: %d: out of space reading string", __func__, (int)pid); + errno = ENOSPC; + debug_return_ssize_t(-1); + } + + local.iov_base = buf; + local.iov_len = bufsize; + remote.iov_base = (void *)addr; + remote.iov_len = MIN(bufsize, page_size); + + nread = process_vm_readv(pid, &local, 1, &remote, 1, 0); + switch (nread) { + case -1: + sudo_debug_printf( + SUDO_DEBUG_ERROR|SUDO_DEBUG_LINENO|SUDO_DEBUG_ERRNO, + "process_vm_readv(%d, [0x%lx, %zu], 1, [0x%lx, %zu], 1, 0)", + (int)pid, (unsigned long)local.iov_base, local.iov_len, + (unsigned long)remote.iov_base, remote.iov_len); + debug_return_ssize_t(-1); + case 0: + sudo_debug_printf( + SUDO_DEBUG_ERROR|SUDO_DEBUG_LINENO, + "process_vm_readv(%d, [0x%lx, %zu], 1, [0x%lx, %zu], 1, 0): %s", + (int)pid, (unsigned long)local.iov_base, local.iov_len, + (unsigned long)remote.iov_base, remote.iov_len, "premature EOF"); + debug_return_ssize_t(-1); + default: + /* Check for NUL terminator in page. */ + cp = memchr(buf, '\0', (size_t)nread); + if (cp != NULL) + debug_return_ssize_t((cp - buf0) + 1); /* includes NUL */ + buf += nread; + bufsize -= (size_t)nread; + addr += sizeof(unsigned long); + break; + } + } + debug_return_ssize_t(-1); +} +#endif /* HAVE_PROCESS_VM_READV */ + +/* + * Read the string at addr and store in buf using ptrace(2). + * Returns the number of bytes stored, including the NUL. + */ +static ssize_t +ptrace_read_string(pid_t pid, unsigned long addr, char *buf, size_t bufsize) +{ + const char *cp, *buf0 = buf; + unsigned long word; + size_t i; + debug_decl(ptrace_read_string, SUDO_DEBUG_EXEC); + +#ifdef HAVE_PROCESS_VM_READV + ssize_t nread = ptrace_readv_string(pid, addr, buf, bufsize); + if (nread != -1 || errno != ENOSYS) + debug_return_ssize_t(nread); +#endif /* HAVE_PROCESS_VM_READV */ + + /* + * Read the string via ptrace(2) one (native) word at a time. + * We use the native word size even in compat mode because that + * is the unit ptrace(2) uses. + */ + for (;;) { + word = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKDATA, pid, addr, NULL); + if (word == (unsigned long)-1) { + sudo_debug_printf( + SUDO_DEBUG_ERROR|SUDO_DEBUG_LINENO|SUDO_DEBUG_ERRNO, + "ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKDATA, %d, 0x%lx, NULL)", (int)pid, addr); + debug_return_ssize_t(-1); + } + + cp = (char *)&word; + for (i = 0; i < sizeof(unsigned long); i++) { + if (bufsize == 0) { + sudo_debug_printf(SUDO_DEBUG_ERROR, + "%s: %d: out of space reading string", __func__, (int)pid); + errno = ENOSPC; + debug_return_ssize_t(-1); + } + *buf = cp[i]; + if (*buf++ == '\0') + debug_return_ssize_t(buf - buf0); + bufsize--; + } + addr += sizeof(unsigned long); + } +} + +/* + * Expand buf by doubling its size. + * Updates bufp and bufsizep and recalculates curp and remp if non-NULL. + * Returns true on success, else false. + */ +static bool +growbuf(char **bufp, size_t *bufsizep, char **curp, size_t *remp) +{ + const size_t oldsize = *bufsizep; + char *newbuf; + debug_decl(growbuf, SUDO_DEBUG_EXEC); + + /* Double the size of the buffer. */ + newbuf = reallocarray(*bufp, 2, oldsize); + if (newbuf == NULL) { + sudo_warnx(U_("%s: %s"), __func__, U_("unable to allocate memory")); + debug_return_bool(false); + } + if (curp != NULL) + *curp = newbuf + (*curp - *bufp); + if (remp != NULL) + *remp += oldsize; + *bufp = newbuf; + *bufsizep = 2 * oldsize; + debug_return_bool(true); +} + +/* + * Build a NULL-terminated string vector from a string table. + * On success, returns number of bytes used for the vector and sets + * vecp to the start of the vector and countp to the number of elements + * (not including the NULL). The buffer is resized as needed. + * Both vecp and its elements are stored as offsets into buf, not pointers. + * However, NULL is still stored as NULL. + * Returns (size_t)-1 on failure. + */ +static ssize_t +strtab_to_vec(char *strtab, size_t strtab_len, int *countp, char ***vecp, + char **bufp, size_t *bufsizep, size_t remainder) +{ + char *strend = strtab + strtab_len; + char **vec, **vp; + int count = 0; + debug_decl(strtab_to_vec, SUDO_DEBUG_EXEC); + + /* Store vector in buf after string table and make it aligned. */ + while (remainder < 2 * sizeof(char *)) { + if (!growbuf(bufp, bufsizep, &strtab, &remainder)) + debug_return_ssize_t(-1); + strend = strtab + strtab_len; + } + vec = (char **)LONGALIGN(strend); + remainder -= (size_t)((char *)vec - strend); + + /* Fill in vector with the strings we read. */ + for (vp = vec; strtab < strend; ) { + while (remainder < 2 * sizeof(char *)) { + if (!growbuf(bufp, bufsizep, &strtab, &remainder)) + debug_return_ssize_t(-1); + strend = strtab + strtab_len; + vec = (char **)LONGALIGN(strend); + vp = vec + count; + } + /* Store offset into buf (not a pointer) in case of realloc(). */ + *vp++ = (char *)(strtab - *bufp); + remainder -= sizeof(char *); + strtab = memchr(strtab, '\0', (size_t)(strend - strtab)); + if (strtab == NULL) + break; + strtab++; + count++; + } + *vp++ = NULL; /* we always leave room for NULL */ + + *countp = count; + *vecp = (char **)((char *)vec - *bufp); + + debug_return_ssize_t((char *)vp - strend); +} + +/* + * Read the string vector at addr and store it in bufp, which + * is reallocated as needed. The actual vector is returned in vecp. + * The count stored in countp does not include the terminating NULL pointer. + * The vecp and its contents are _offsets_, not pointers, in case the buffer + * gets reallocated later. The caller is responsible for converting the + * offsets into pointers based on the buffer before using. + * Returns the number of bytes in buf consumed (including NULs). + */ +static ssize_t +ptrace_read_vec(pid_t pid, struct sudo_ptrace_regs *regs, unsigned long addr, + int *countp, char ***vecp, char **bufp, size_t *bufsizep, size_t off) +{ +# ifdef SECCOMP_AUDIT_ARCH_COMPAT + unsigned long next_word = (unsigned long)-1; +# endif + size_t strtab_len, remainder = *bufsizep - off; + char *strtab = *bufp + off; + unsigned long word; + ssize_t len; + debug_decl(ptrace_read_vec, SUDO_DEBUG_EXEC); + + /* Treat a NULL vector as empty, thanks Linux. */ + if (addr == 0) { + char **vp; + + while (remainder < 2 * sizeof(char *)) { + if (!growbuf(bufp, bufsizep, &strtab, &remainder)) + debug_return_ssize_t(-1); + } + vp = (char **)LONGALIGN(strtab); + *vecp = (char **)((char *)vp - *bufp); + *countp = 0; + *vp++ = NULL; + debug_return_ssize_t((char *)vp - strtab); + } + + /* Fill in string table. */ + do { +# ifdef SECCOMP_AUDIT_ARCH_COMPAT + if (next_word == (unsigned long)-1) { + word = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKDATA, pid, addr, NULL); + if (regs->compat) { + /* Stash the next compat word in next_word. */ +# if BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN + next_word = word & 0xffffffffU; + word >>= 32; +# else + next_word = word >> 32; + word &= 0xffffffffU; +# endif + } + } else { + /* Use the stashed value of the next word. */ + word = next_word; + next_word = (unsigned long)-1; + } +# else /* SECCOMP_AUDIT_ARCH_COMPAT */ + word = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKDATA, pid, addr, NULL); +# endif /* SECCOMP_AUDIT_ARCH_COMPAT */ + switch (word) { + case -1: + sudo_warn("%s: ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKDATA, %d, 0x%lx, NULL)", + __func__, (int)pid, addr); + debug_return_ssize_t(-1); + case 0: + /* NULL terminator */ + break; + default: + for (;;) { + len = ptrace_read_string(pid, word, strtab, remainder); + if (len != -1) + break; + if (errno != ENOSPC) + debug_return_ssize_t(-1); + if (!growbuf(bufp, bufsizep, &strtab, &remainder)) + debug_return_ssize_t(-1); + } + strtab += len; + remainder -= (size_t)len; + addr += regs->wordsize; + continue; + } + } while (word != 0); + + /* Store strings in a vector after the string table. */ + strtab_len = (size_t)(strtab - (*bufp + off)); + strtab = *bufp + off; + len = strtab_to_vec(strtab, strtab_len, countp, vecp, bufp, bufsizep, + remainder); + if (len == -1) + debug_return_ssize_t(-1); + + debug_return_ssize_t((ssize_t)strtab_len + len); +} + +#ifdef HAVE_PROCESS_VM_READV +/* + * Write the NUL-terminated string str to addr in the tracee using + * process_vm_writev(2). + * Returns the number of bytes written, including trailing NUL. + */ +static ssize_t +ptrace_writev_string(pid_t pid, unsigned long addr, const char *str0) +{ + const char *str = str0; + size_t len = strlen(str) + 1; + debug_decl(ptrace_writev_string, SUDO_DEBUG_EXEC); + + /* + * Write the string via process_vm_writev(2), handling partial writes. + */ + for (;;) { + struct iovec local, remote; + ssize_t nwritten; + + local.iov_base = (void *)str; + local.iov_len = len; + remote.iov_base = (void *)addr; + remote.iov_len = len; + + nwritten = process_vm_writev(pid, &local, 1, &remote, 1, 0); + switch (nwritten) { + case -1: + sudo_debug_printf( + SUDO_DEBUG_ERROR|SUDO_DEBUG_LINENO|SUDO_DEBUG_ERRNO, + "process_vm_writev(%d, [0x%lx, %zu], 1, [0x%lx, %zu], 1, 0)", + (int)pid, (unsigned long)local.iov_base, local.iov_len, + (unsigned long)remote.iov_base, remote.iov_len); + debug_return_ssize_t(-1); + case 0: + /* Should not be possible. */ + sudo_debug_printf( + SUDO_DEBUG_ERROR|SUDO_DEBUG_LINENO, + "process_vm_writev(%d, [0x%lx, %zu], 1, [0x%lx, %zu], 1, 0): %s", + (int)pid, (unsigned long)local.iov_base, local.iov_len, + (unsigned long)remote.iov_base, remote.iov_len, + "zero bytes written"); + debug_return_ssize_t(-1); + default: + str += nwritten; + len -= (size_t)nwritten; + addr += (size_t)nwritten; + if (len == 0) + debug_return_ssize_t(str - str0); /* includes NUL */ + break; + } + } + debug_return_ssize_t(-1); +} +#endif /* HAVE_PROCESS_VM_READV */ + +/* + * Write the NUL-terminated string str to addr in the tracee using ptrace(2). + * Returns the number of bytes written, including trailing NUL. + */ +static ssize_t +ptrace_write_string(pid_t pid, unsigned long addr, const char *str) +{ + const char *str0 = str; + size_t i; + union { + unsigned long word; + char buf[sizeof(unsigned long)]; + } u; + debug_decl(ptrace_write_string, SUDO_DEBUG_EXEC); + +#ifdef HAVE_PROCESS_VM_READV + ssize_t nwritten = ptrace_writev_string(pid, addr, str); + if (nwritten != -1 || errno != ENOSYS) + debug_return_ssize_t(nwritten); +#endif /* HAVE_PROCESS_VM_READV */ + + /* + * Write the string via ptrace(2) one (native) word at a time. + * We use the native word size even in compat mode because that + * is the unit ptrace(2) writes in terms of. + */ + for (;;) { + for (i = 0; i < sizeof(u.buf); i++) { + if (*str == '\0') { + /* NUL-pad buf to sizeof(unsigned long). */ + u.buf[i] = '\0'; + continue; + } + u.buf[i] = *str++; + } + if (ptrace(PTRACE_POKEDATA, pid, addr, u.word) == -1) { + sudo_warn("%s: ptrace(PTRACE_POKEDATA, %d, 0x%lx, %.*s)", + __func__, (int)pid, addr, (int)sizeof(u.buf), u.buf); + debug_return_ssize_t(-1); + } + if ((u.word & 0xff) == 0) { + /* If the last byte we wrote is a NUL we are done. */ + debug_return_ssize_t(str - str0 + 1); + } + addr += sizeof(unsigned long); + } +} + +#ifdef HAVE_PROCESS_VM_READV +/* + * Write the string vector vec to addr in the tracee which must have + * sufficient space. Strings are written to strtab. + * Returns the number of bytes used in strtab (including NULs). + * process_vm_writev() version. + */ +static ssize_t +ptrace_writev_vec(pid_t pid, struct sudo_ptrace_regs *regs, char **vec, + unsigned long addr, unsigned long strtab) +{ + const unsigned long addr0 = addr; + const unsigned long strtab0 = strtab; + unsigned long *addrbuf = NULL; + struct iovec *local, *remote; + struct iovec local_addrs, remote_addrs; + size_t i, j, len, off = 0; + ssize_t expected = -1, nwritten, total_written = 0; + debug_decl(ptrace_writev_vec, SUDO_DEBUG_EXEC); + + /* Build up local and remote iovecs for process_vm_writev(2). */ + for (len = 0; vec[len] != NULL; len++) + continue; + local = reallocarray(NULL, len, sizeof(struct iovec)); + remote = reallocarray(NULL, len, sizeof(struct iovec)); + j = regs->compat && (len & 1) != 0; /* pad for final NULL in compat */ + addrbuf = reallocarray(NULL, len + 1 + j, regs->wordsize); + if (local == NULL || remote == NULL || addrbuf == NULL) { + sudo_warnx(U_("%s: %s"), __func__, U_("unable to allocate memory")); + goto done; + } + for (i = 0, j = 0; i < len; i++) { + unsigned long word = strtab; + + /* Store remote string. */ + const size_t size = strlen(vec[i]) + 1; + local[i].iov_base = vec[i]; + local[i].iov_len = size; + remote[i].iov_base = (void *)strtab; + remote[i].iov_len = size; + strtab += size; + + /* Store address of remote string. */ +# ifdef SECCOMP_AUDIT_ARCH_COMPAT + if (regs->compat) { + /* + * For compat binaries we need to pack two 32-bit string addresses + * into a single 64-bit word. If this is the last string, NULL + * will be written as the second 32-bit address. + */ + if ((i & 1) == 1) { + /* Wrote this string address last iteration. */ + continue; + } +# if BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN + word <<= 32; + if (vec[i + 1] != NULL) + word |= strtab; +# else + if (vec[i + 1] != NULL) + word |= strtab << 32; +# endif + } +# endif + addrbuf[j++] = word; + addr += sizeof(unsigned long); + } + if (!regs->compat || (len & 1) == 0) { + addrbuf[j] = 0; + } + + /* Write strings addresses to addr0 on remote. */ + local_addrs.iov_base = addrbuf; + local_addrs.iov_len = (len + 1) * regs->wordsize; + remote_addrs.iov_base = (void *)addr0; + remote_addrs.iov_len = local_addrs.iov_len; + if (process_vm_writev(pid, &local_addrs, 1, &remote_addrs, 1, 0) == -1) + goto done; + + /* Copy the strings to the (remote) string table. */ + expected = (ssize_t)(strtab - strtab0); + for (;;) { + nwritten = process_vm_writev(pid, local + off, len - off, + remote + off, len - off, 0); + switch (nwritten) { + case -1: + sudo_debug_printf( + SUDO_DEBUG_ERROR|SUDO_DEBUG_LINENO|SUDO_DEBUG_ERRNO, + "process_vm_writev(%d, 0x%lx, %zu, 0x%lx, %zu, 0)", + (int)pid, (unsigned long)local + off, len - off, + (unsigned long)remote + off, len - off); + goto done; + case 0: + sudo_debug_printf( + SUDO_DEBUG_ERROR|SUDO_DEBUG_LINENO, + "process_vm_writev(%d, 0x%lx, %zu, 0x%lx, %zu, 0): %s", + (int)pid, (unsigned long)local + off, len - off, + (unsigned long)remote + off, len - off, + "zero bytes written"); + goto done; + default: + total_written += nwritten; + if (total_written >= expected) + goto done; + + /* Adjust offset for partial write (doesn't cross iov boundary). */ + while (off < len) { + nwritten -= (ssize_t)local[off].iov_len; + off++; + if (nwritten <= 0) + break; + } + if (off == len) { + sudo_debug_printf( + SUDO_DEBUG_ERROR|SUDO_DEBUG_LINENO, + "overflow while resuming process_vm_writev()"); + goto done; + } + break; + } + } +done: + free(local); + free(remote); + free(addrbuf); + if (total_written == expected) + debug_return_ssize_t(total_written); + debug_return_ssize_t(-1); +} +#endif /* HAVE_PROCESS_VM_READV */ + +/* + * Write the string vector vec to addr in the tracee which must have + * sufficient space. Strings are written to strtab. + * Returns the number of bytes used in strtab (including NULs). + */ +static ssize_t +ptrace_write_vec(pid_t pid, struct sudo_ptrace_regs *regs, char **vec, + unsigned long addr, unsigned long strtab) +{ + const unsigned long strtab0 = strtab; + size_t i; + debug_decl(ptrace_write_vec, SUDO_DEBUG_EXEC); + +#ifdef HAVE_PROCESS_VM_READV + ssize_t nwritten = ptrace_writev_vec(pid, regs, vec, addr, strtab); + if (nwritten != -1 || errno != ENOSYS) + debug_return_ssize_t(nwritten); +#endif /* HAVE_PROCESS_VM_READV */ + + /* Copy string vector into tracee one word at a time. */ + for (i = 0; vec[i] != NULL; i++) { + unsigned long word = strtab; + + /* First write the actual string to tracee's string table. */ + nwritten = ptrace_write_string(pid, strtab, vec[i]); + if (nwritten == -1) + debug_return_ssize_t(-1); + strtab += (size_t)nwritten; + +# ifdef SECCOMP_AUDIT_ARCH_COMPAT + if (regs->compat) { + /* + * For compat binaries we need to pack two 32-bit string addresses + * into a single 64-bit word. If this is the last string, NULL + * will be written as the second 32-bit address. + */ + if ((i & 1) == 1) { + /* Wrote this string address last iteration. */ + continue; + } +# if BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN + word <<= 32; + if (vec[i + 1] != NULL) + word |= strtab; +# else + if (vec[i + 1] != NULL) + word |= strtab << 32; +# endif + } +# endif + /* Next write the string address to tracee at addr. */ + if (ptrace(PTRACE_POKEDATA, pid, addr, word) == -1) { + sudo_warn("%s: ptrace(PTRACE_POKEDATA, %d, 0x%lx, 0x%lx)", + __func__, (int)pid, addr, word); + debug_return_ssize_t(-1); + } + addr += sizeof(unsigned long); + } + + /* Finally, write the terminating NULL to tracee if needed. */ + if (!regs->compat || (i & 1) == 0) { + if (ptrace(PTRACE_POKEDATA, pid, addr, NULL) == -1) { + sudo_warn("%s: ptrace(PTRACE_POKEDATA, %d, 0x%lx, NULL)", + __func__, (int)pid, addr); + debug_return_ssize_t(-1); + } + } + + debug_return_ssize_t((ssize_t)(strtab - strtab0)); +} + +/* + * Read a link from /proc/PID and store the result in buf. + * Used to read the cwd and exe links in /proc/PID. + * Returns true on success, else false. + */ +static bool +proc_read_link(pid_t pid, const char *name, char *buf, size_t bufsize) +{ + ssize_t len; + char path[PATH_MAX]; + debug_decl(proc_read_link, SUDO_DEBUG_EXEC); + + len = snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/%s", (int)pid, name); + if (len > 0 && len < ssizeof(path)) { + len = readlink(path, buf, bufsize - 1); + if (len != -1) { + /* readlink(2) does not add the NUL for us. */ + buf[len] = '\0'; + debug_return_bool(true); + } + } + debug_return_bool(false); +} + +/* + * Read the filename, argv and envp of the execve(2) system call. + * Returns a dynamically allocated buffer the parent is responsible for. + */ +static char * +get_execve_info(pid_t pid, struct sudo_ptrace_regs *regs, char **pathname_out, + int *argc_out, char ***argv_out, int *envc_out, char ***envp_out) +{ + char *argbuf, **argv, **envp, *pathname = NULL; + unsigned long argv_addr, envp_addr, path_addr; + size_t bufsize, off = 0; + int i, argc, envc = 0; + ssize_t nread; + debug_decl(get_execve_info, SUDO_DEBUG_EXEC); + + bufsize = PATH_MAX + arg_max; + argbuf = malloc(bufsize); + if (argbuf == NULL) { + sudo_warnx(U_("%s: %s"), __func__, U_("unable to allocate memory")); + goto bad; + } + + /* execve(2) takes three arguments: pathname, argv, envp. */ + path_addr = get_sc_arg1(regs); + argv_addr = get_sc_arg2(regs); + envp_addr = get_sc_arg3(regs); + sudo_debug_printf(SUDO_DEBUG_INFO, + "%s: %d: path 0x%lx, argv 0x%lx, envp 0x%lx", __func__, + (int)pid, path_addr, argv_addr, envp_addr); + + /* Read the pathname, if not NULL. */ + if (path_addr != 0) { + nread = ptrace_read_string(pid, path_addr, argbuf, bufsize); + if (nread == -1) { + sudo_debug_printf( + SUDO_DEBUG_ERROR|SUDO_DEBUG_LINENO|SUDO_DEBUG_ERRNO, + "unable to read execve pathname for process %d", (int)pid); + goto bad; + } + /* Defer setting pathname until after all reallocations are done. */ + off = (size_t)nread; + } + + /* Read argv */ + nread = ptrace_read_vec(pid, regs, argv_addr, &argc, &argv, &argbuf, + &bufsize, off); + if (nread == -1) { + sudo_debug_printf( + SUDO_DEBUG_ERROR|SUDO_DEBUG_LINENO|SUDO_DEBUG_ERRNO, + "unable to read execve argv for process %d", (int)pid); + goto bad; + } + off += (size_t)nread; + + if (argc == 0) { + /* Reserve an extra slot so we can store argv[0]. */ + while (bufsize - off < sizeof(char *)) { + if (!growbuf(&argbuf, &bufsize, NULL, NULL)) + goto bad; + } + off += sizeof(char *); + } + + /* Read envp */ + nread = ptrace_read_vec(pid, regs, envp_addr, &envc, &envp, &argbuf, + &bufsize, off); + if (nread == -1) { + sudo_debug_printf( + SUDO_DEBUG_ERROR|SUDO_DEBUG_LINENO|SUDO_DEBUG_ERRNO, + "unable to read execve envp for process %d", (int)pid); + goto bad; + } + + /* Set pathname now that argbuf has been fully allocated. */ + if (path_addr != 0) + pathname = argbuf; + + /* Convert offsets in argv and envp to pointers. */ + argv = (char **)(argbuf + (unsigned long)argv); + for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) { + argv[i] = argbuf + (unsigned long)argv[i]; + } + envp = (char **)(argbuf + (unsigned long)envp); + for (i = 0; i < envc; i++) { + envp[i] = argbuf + (unsigned long)envp[i]; + } + + sudo_debug_execve(SUDO_DEBUG_DIAG, pathname, argv, envp); + + *pathname_out = pathname; + *argc_out = argc; + *argv_out = argv; + *envc_out = envc; + *envp_out = envp; + + debug_return_ptr(argbuf); +bad: + free(argbuf); + debug_return_ptr(NULL); +} + +/* + * Cause the current syscall to fail and set the error value to ecode. + */ +static bool +ptrace_fail_syscall(pid_t pid, struct sudo_ptrace_regs *regs, int ecode) +{ + sigset_t chldmask; + bool ret = false; + int status; + debug_decl(ptrace_fail_syscall, SUDO_DEBUG_EXEC); + + /* Cause the syscall to fail by changing its number to -1. */ + set_syscallno(pid, regs, -1); + if (!ptrace_setregs(pid, regs)) { + sudo_warn(U_("unable to set registers for process %d"), (int)pid); + debug_return_bool(false); + } + + /* Block SIGCHLD for the critical section (waitpid). */ + sigemptyset(&chldmask); + sigaddset(&chldmask, SIGCHLD); + sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &chldmask, NULL); + + /* Allow the syscall to continue and change return value to ecode. */ + ptrace(PTRACE_SYSCALL, pid, NULL, NULL); + for (;;) { + if (waitpid(pid, &status, __WALL) != -1) + break; + if (errno == EINTR) + continue; + sudo_warn(U_("%s: %s"), __func__, "waitpid"); + goto done; + } + if (!WIFSTOPPED(status)) { + sudo_warnx(U_("process %d exited unexpectedly"), (int)pid); + goto done; + } + set_sc_retval(regs, -ecode); + if (!ptrace_setregs(pid, regs)) { + sudo_warn(U_("unable to set registers for process %d"), (int)pid); + goto done; + } + + ret = true; + +done: + sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &chldmask, NULL); + + debug_return_bool(ret); +} + +/* + * Check whether seccomp(2) filtering supports ptrace(2) traps. + * Only supported by Linux 4.14 and higher. + */ +static bool +have_seccomp_action(const char *action) +{ + char line[LINE_MAX]; + bool ret = false; + FILE *fp; + debug_decl(have_seccomp_action, SUDO_DEBUG_EXEC); + + fp = fopen("/proc/sys/kernel/seccomp/actions_avail", "r"); + if (fp != NULL) { + if (fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp) != NULL) { + char *cp, *last; + + for ((cp = strtok_r(line, " \t\n", &last)); cp != NULL; + (cp = strtok_r(NULL, " \t\n", &last))) { + if (strcmp(cp, action) == 0) { + ret = true; + break; + } + } + } + fclose(fp); + } + debug_return_bool(ret); +} + +/* + * Intercept execve(2) and execveat(2) using seccomp(2) and ptrace(2). + * If no tracer is present, execve(2) and execveat(2) will fail with ENOSYS. + * Must be called with CAP_SYS_ADMIN, before privs are dropped. + */ +bool +set_exec_filter(void) +{ + struct sock_filter exec_filter[] = { + /* Load architecture value (AUDIT_ARCH_*) into the accumulator. */ + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD | BPF_W | BPF_ABS, offsetof(struct seccomp_data, arch)), +# ifdef SECCOMP_AUDIT_ARCH_COMPAT2 + /* Match on the compat2 architecture or jump to the compat check. */ + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP | BPF_JEQ | BPF_K, SECCOMP_AUDIT_ARCH_COMPAT2, 0, 4), + /* Load syscall number into the accumulator. */ + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD | BPF_W | BPF_ABS, offsetof(struct seccomp_data, nr)), + /* Jump to trace for compat2 execve(2)/execveat(2), else allow. */ + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP | BPF_JEQ | BPF_K, COMPAT2_execve, 1, 0), + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP | BPF_JEQ | BPF_K, COMPAT2_execveat, 0, 13), + /* Trace execve(2)/execveat(2) syscalls (w/ compat flag) */ + BPF_STMT(BPF_RET | BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_TRACE | COMPAT_FLAG), +# endif /* SECCOMP_AUDIT_ARCH_COMPAT2 */ +# ifdef SECCOMP_AUDIT_ARCH_COMPAT + /* Match on the compat architecture or jump to the native arch check. */ + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP | BPF_JEQ | BPF_K, SECCOMP_AUDIT_ARCH_COMPAT, 0, 4), + /* Load syscall number into the accumulator. */ + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD | BPF_W | BPF_ABS, offsetof(struct seccomp_data, nr)), + /* Jump to trace for compat execve(2)/execveat(2), else allow. */ + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP | BPF_JEQ | BPF_K, COMPAT_execve, 1, 0), + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP | BPF_JEQ | BPF_K, COMPAT_execveat, 0, 8), + /* Trace execve(2)/execveat(2) syscalls (w/ compat flag) */ + BPF_STMT(BPF_RET | BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_TRACE | COMPAT_FLAG), +# endif /* SECCOMP_AUDIT_ARCH_COMPAT */ + /* Jump to the end unless the architecture matches. */ + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP | BPF_JEQ | BPF_K, SECCOMP_AUDIT_ARCH, 0, 6), + /* Load syscall number into the accumulator. */ + BPF_STMT(BPF_LD | BPF_W | BPF_ABS, offsetof(struct seccomp_data, nr)), + /* Jump to trace for execve(2)/execveat(2), else allow. */ +# ifdef X32_execve + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP | BPF_JEQ | BPF_K, X32_execve, 3, 0), + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP | BPF_JEQ | BPF_K, X32_execveat, 2, 0), +# else + /* No x32 support, check native system call numbers. */ + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP | BPF_JEQ | BPF_K, __NR_execve, 3, 0), + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP | BPF_JEQ | BPF_K, __NR_execveat, 2, 3), +# endif /* X32_execve */ + /* If no x32 support, these two instructions are never reached. */ + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP | BPF_JEQ | BPF_K, __NR_execve, 1, 0), + BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP | BPF_JEQ | BPF_K, __NR_execveat, 0, 1), + /* Trace execve(2)/execveat(2) syscalls */ + BPF_STMT(BPF_RET | BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_TRACE), + /* Allow non-matching syscalls */ + BPF_STMT(BPF_RET | BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW) + }; + const struct sock_fprog exec_fprog = { + nitems(exec_filter), + exec_filter + }; + debug_decl(set_exec_filter, SUDO_DEBUG_EXEC); + + /* We must set SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER before dropping privileges. */ + if (prctl(PR_SET_SECCOMP, SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER, &exec_fprog) == -1) { + sudo_warn("%s", U_("unable to set seccomp filter")); + debug_return_bool(false); + } + debug_return_bool(true); +} + +/* + * Seize control of the specified child process which must be in + * ptrace wait. Returns true on success, false if child is already + * being traced and -1 on error. + */ +int +exec_ptrace_seize(pid_t child) +{ + const long ptrace_opts = PTRACE_O_TRACESECCOMP|PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE| + PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK|PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK| + PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC; + int ret = -1; + int status; + debug_decl(exec_ptrace_seize, SUDO_DEBUG_EXEC); + +#ifdef HAVE_PROCESS_VM_READV + page_size = (size_t)sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE); + if (page_size == (size_t)-1) + page_size = 4096; +#endif + arg_max = (size_t)sysconf(_SC_ARG_MAX); + if (arg_max == (size_t)-1) + arg_max = 128 * 1024; + + /* Seize control of the child process. */ + if (ptrace(PTRACE_SEIZE, child, NULL, ptrace_opts) == -1) { + /* + * If the process is already being traced, we will get EPERM. + * We don't treat that as a fatal error since we want it to be + * possible to run sudo inside a sudo shell with intercept enabled. + */ + if (errno != EPERM) { + sudo_warn("%s: ptrace(PTRACE_SEIZE, %d, NULL, 0x%lx)", + __func__, (int)child, ptrace_opts); + goto done; + } + sudo_debug_printf(SUDO_DEBUG_WARN, + "%s: unable to trace process %d, already being traced?", + __func__, (int)child); + ret = false; + } + + /* The child is suspended waiting for SIGUSR1, wake it up. */ + if (kill(child, SIGUSR1) == -1) { + sudo_warn("kill(%d, SIGUSR1)", (int)child); + goto done; + } + if (!ret) + goto done; + + /* Wait for the child to enter trace stop and continue it. */ + for (;;) { + if (waitpid(child, &status, __WALL) != -1) + break; + if (errno == EINTR) + continue; + sudo_warn(U_("%s: %s"), __func__, "waitpid"); + goto done; + } + if (!WIFSTOPPED(status)) { + sudo_warnx(U_("process %d exited unexpectedly"), (int)child); + goto done; + } + if (ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, child, NULL, (void *)SIGUSR1) == -1) { + sudo_warn("%s: ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, %d, NULL, SIGUSR1)", + __func__, (int)child); + goto done; + } + + ret = true; + +done: + debug_return_int(ret); +} + +/* + * Compare two pathnames. If do_stat is true, fall back to stat(2)ing + * the paths for a dev/inode match if the strings don't match. + * Returns true on match, else false. + */ +static bool +pathname_matches(const char *path1, const char *path2, bool do_stat) +{ + struct stat sb1, sb2; + debug_decl(pathname_matches, SUDO_DEBUG_EXEC); + + sudo_debug_printf(SUDO_DEBUG_INFO, "%s: compare %s to %s", __func__, + path1 ? path1 : "(NULL)", path2 ? path2 : "(NULL)"); + + if (path1 == NULL || path2 == NULL) + debug_return_bool(false); + + if (strcmp(path1, path2) == 0) + debug_return_bool(true); + + if (do_stat && stat(path1, &sb1) == 0 && stat(path2, &sb2) == 0) { + if (sb1.st_dev == sb2.st_dev && sb1.st_ino == sb2.st_ino) + debug_return_bool(true); + } + + debug_return_bool(false); +} + +/* + * Open script and check for '#!' magic number followed by an interpreter. + * If present, check the interpreter against execpath, and argument string + * (if any) against argv[1]. + * Returns number of argv entries to skip on success, else 0. + */ +static int +script_matches(const char *script, const char *execpath, int argc, + char * const *argv) +{ + char * const *orig_argv = argv; + size_t linesize = 0; + char *interp, *interp_args, *line = NULL; + char magic[2]; + int count; + FILE *fp = NULL; + ssize_t len; + debug_decl(get_interpreter, SUDO_DEBUG_EXEC); + + /* Linux allows up to 4 nested interpreters. */ + for (count = 0; count < 4; count++) { + if (fp != NULL) + fclose(fp); + fp = fopen(script, "r"); + if (fp == NULL) { + sudo_debug_printf(SUDO_DEBUG_WARN|SUDO_DEBUG_ERRNO, + "%s: unable to open %s for reading", __func__, script); + goto done; + } + + if (fread(magic, 1, 2, fp) != 2 || memcmp(magic, "#!", 2) != 0) { + sudo_debug_printf(SUDO_DEBUG_DEBUG, "%s: %s: not a script", + __func__, script); + goto done; + } + + /* Check interpreter, skipping the shebang and trim trailing space. */ + len = getdelim(&line, &linesize, '\n', fp); + if (len == -1) { + sudo_debug_printf(SUDO_DEBUG_ERROR, "%s: %s: can't get interpreter", + __func__, script); + goto done; + } + while (len > 0 && isspace((unsigned char)line[len - 1])) { + len--; + line[len] = '\0'; + } + sudo_debug_printf(SUDO_DEBUG_DEBUG, "%s: %s: shebang line \"%s\"", + __func__, script, line); + + /* + * Split line into interpreter and args. + * Whitespace is not supported in the interpreter path. + */ + for (interp = line; isspace((unsigned char)*interp); interp++) + continue; + interp_args = strpbrk(interp, " \t"); + if (interp_args != NULL) { + *interp_args++ = '\0'; + while (isspace((unsigned char)*interp_args)) + interp_args++; + } + + sudo_debug_printf(SUDO_DEBUG_INFO, "%s: interpreter %s, args \"%s\"", + __func__, interp, interp_args ? interp_args : ""); + + /* Match interpreter. */ + if (!pathname_matches(execpath, interp, true)) { + /* It is possible for the interpreter to be a script too. */ + if (argv > 0 && strcmp(interp, argv[1]) == 0) { + /* Interpreter args must match for *this* interpreter. */ + if (interp_args == NULL || + (argc > 1 && strcmp(interp_args, argv[2]) == 0)) { + script = interp; + argv++; + argc--; + if (interp_args != NULL) { + argv++; + argc--; + } + /* Check whether interp is itself a script. */ + continue; + } + } + } + if (argc > 0 && interp_args != NULL) { + if (strcmp(interp_args, argv[1]) != 0) { + sudo_warnx( + U_("interpreter argument , expected \"%s\", got \"%s\""), + interp_args, argc > 1 ? argv[1] : "(NULL)"); + goto done; + } + argv++; + } + argv++; + break; + } + +done: + free(line); + if (fp != NULL) + fclose(fp); + debug_return_int((int)(argv - orig_argv)); +} + +static ssize_t +proc_read_vec(pid_t pid, const char *name, int *countp, char ***vecp, + char **bufp, size_t *bufsizep, size_t off) +{ + size_t strtab_len, remainder = *bufsizep - off; + char path[PATH_MAX], *strtab = *bufp + off; + ssize_t len, nread; + int fd; + debug_decl(proc_read_vec, SUDO_DEBUG_EXEC); + + len = snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/%s", (int)pid, name); + if (len >= ssizeof(path)) + debug_return_ssize_t(-1); + + fd = open(path, O_RDONLY); + if (fd == -1) + debug_return_ssize_t(-1); + + /* Read in strings until EOF. */ + do { + nread = read(fd, strtab, remainder); + if (nread == -1) { + sudo_debug_printf(SUDO_DEBUG_ERROR|SUDO_DEBUG_ERRNO, + "%s: unable to read %s", __func__, path); + close(fd); + debug_return_ssize_t(-1); + } + strtab += nread; + remainder -= (size_t)nread; + if (remainder < sizeof(char *)) { + while (!growbuf(bufp, bufsizep, &strtab, &remainder)) { + close(fd); + debug_return_ssize_t(-1); + } + } + } while (nread != 0); + close(fd); + + /* Trim off the extra NUL byte at the end of the string table. */ + if (strtab - *bufp >= 2 && strtab[-1] == '\0' && strtab[-2] == '\0') { + strtab--; + remainder++; + } + + /* Store strings in a vector after the string table. */ + strtab_len = (size_t)(strtab - (*bufp + off)); + strtab = *bufp + off; + len = strtab_to_vec(strtab, strtab_len, countp, vecp, bufp, bufsizep, + remainder); + if (len == -1) + debug_return_ssize_t(-1); + + debug_return_ssize_t((ssize_t)strtab_len + len); +} + +/* + * Check if the execve(2) arguments match the contents of closure. + * Returns true if they match, else false. + */ +static bool +execve_args_match(const char *pathname, int argc, char * const *argv, + int envc, char * const *envp, bool do_stat, + struct intercept_closure *closure) +{ + bool ret = true; + int i; + debug_decl(execve_args_match, SUDO_DEBUG_EXEC); + + if (!pathname_matches(pathname, closure->command, do_stat)) { + /* For scripts, pathname will refer to the interpreter instead. */ + if (do_stat) { + int skip = script_matches(closure->command, pathname, + argc, argv); + if (skip != 0) { + /* Skip interpreter (and args) in argv. */ + argv += skip; + argc -= skip; + goto check_argv; + } + } + sudo_warnx( + U_("pathname mismatch, expected \"%s\", got \"%s\""), + closure->command, pathname ? pathname : "(NULL)"); + ret = false; + } +check_argv: + for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) { + if (closure->run_argv[i] == NULL) { + ret = false; + sudo_warnx( + U_("%s[%d] mismatch, expected \"%s\", got \"%s\""), + "argv", i, "(NULL)", argv[i] ? argv[i] : "(NULL)"); + break; + } + if (argv[i] == NULL) { + ret = false; + sudo_warnx( + U_("%s[%d] mismatch, expected \"%s\", got \"%s\""), + "argv", i, closure->run_argv[i], "(NULL)"); + break; + } + if (strcmp(argv[i], closure->run_argv[i]) != 0) { + if (i == 0) { + /* Special case for argv[0] which may contain the basename. */ + const char *base; + if (argv[0][0] == '/') { + if (closure->run_argv[0][0] != '/') { + base = sudo_basename(argv[0]); + if (strcmp(base, closure->run_argv[0]) == 0) + continue; + } + } else { + if (closure->run_argv[0][0] == '/') { + base = sudo_basename(closure->run_argv[0]); + if (strcmp(argv[0], base) == 0) + continue; + } + } + } + ret = false; + sudo_warnx( + U_("%s[%d] mismatch, expected \"%s\", got \"%s\""), + "argv", i, closure->run_argv[i], argv[i]); + } + } + for (i = 0; i < envc; i++) { + if (closure->run_envp[i] == NULL) { + ret = false; + sudo_warnx( + U_("%s[%d] mismatch, expected \"%s\", got \"%s\""), + "envp", i, "(NULL)", envp[i] ? envp[i] : "(NULL)"); + break; + } else if (envp[i] == NULL) { + ret = false; + sudo_warnx( + U_("%s[%d] mismatch, expected \"%s\", got \"%s\""), + "envp", i, closure->run_envp[i], "(NULL)"); + break; + } else if (strcmp(envp[i], closure->run_envp[i]) != 0) { + ret = false; + sudo_warnx( + U_("%s[%d] mismatch, expected \"%s\", got \"%s\""), + "envp", i, closure->run_envp[i], envp[i]); + } + } + + debug_return_bool(ret); +} + +/* + * Verify that the execve(2) argument we wrote match the contents of closure. + * Returns true if they match, else false. + */ +static bool +verify_execve_args(pid_t pid, struct sudo_ptrace_regs *regs, + struct intercept_closure *closure) +{ + char *pathname, **argv, **envp, *buf; + int argc, envc; + bool ret = false; + debug_decl(verify_execve_args, SUDO_DEBUG_EXEC); + + buf = get_execve_info(pid, regs, &pathname, &argc, &argv, + &envc, &envp); + if (buf != NULL) { + ret = execve_args_match(pathname, argc, argv, envc, envp, false, closure); + free(buf); + } + + debug_return_bool(ret); +} + +/* + * Verify that the command executed matches the arguments we checked. + * Returns true on success and false on error. + */ +static bool +ptrace_verify_post_exec(pid_t pid, struct sudo_ptrace_regs *regs, + struct intercept_closure *closure) +{ + char **argv, **envp, *argbuf = NULL; + char pathname[PATH_MAX]; + sigset_t chldmask; + bool ret = false; + int argc, envc, i, status; + size_t bufsize; + ssize_t len; + debug_decl(ptrace_verify_post_exec, SUDO_DEBUG_EXEC); + + /* Block SIGCHLD for the critical section (waitpid). */ + sigemptyset(&chldmask); + sigaddset(&chldmask, SIGCHLD); + sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &chldmask, NULL); + + /* Allow execve(2) to continue and wait for PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC. */ + ptrace(PTRACE_SYSCALL, pid, NULL, NULL); + for (;;) { + if (waitpid(pid, &status, __WALL) != -1) + break; + if (errno == EINTR) + continue; + sudo_warn(U_("%s: %s"), __func__, "waitpid"); + goto done; + } + if (!WIFSTOPPED(status)) { + sudo_warnx(U_("process %d exited unexpectedly"), (int)pid); + goto done; + } + if (status >> 8 != (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC << 8))) { + sudo_warnx(U_("process %d unexpected status 0x%x"), (int)pid, status); + goto done; + } + + /* Get the executable path. */ + if (!proc_read_link(pid, "exe", pathname, sizeof(pathname))) { + /* Missing /proc file system is not a fatal error. */ + sudo_debug_printf(SUDO_DEBUG_ERROR, "%s: unable to read /proc/%d/exe", + __func__, (int)pid); + ret = true; + goto done; + } + sudo_debug_printf(SUDO_DEBUG_INFO, "%s: %d: verify %s", __func__, + (int)pid, pathname); + + /* Allocate a single buffer for argv, envp and their strings. */ + bufsize = arg_max; + argbuf = malloc(bufsize); + if (argbuf == NULL) { + sudo_warnx(U_("%s: %s"), __func__, U_("unable to allocate memory")); + goto done; + } + + len = proc_read_vec(pid, "cmdline", &argc, &argv, &argbuf, &bufsize, 0); + if (len == -1) { + sudo_debug_printf( + SUDO_DEBUG_ERROR|SUDO_DEBUG_LINENO|SUDO_DEBUG_ERRNO, + "unable to read execve argv for process %d", (int)pid); + goto done; + } + + len = proc_read_vec(pid, "environ", &envc, &envp, &argbuf, &bufsize, + (size_t)len); + if (len == -1) { + sudo_debug_printf( + SUDO_DEBUG_ERROR|SUDO_DEBUG_LINENO|SUDO_DEBUG_ERRNO, + "unable to read execve envp for process %d", (int)pid); + goto done; + } + + /* Convert offsets in argv and envp to pointers. */ + argv = (char **)(argbuf + (unsigned long)argv); + for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) { + argv[i] = argbuf + (unsigned long)argv[i]; + } + envp = (char **)(argbuf + (unsigned long)envp); + for (i = 0; i < envc; i++) { + envp[i] = argbuf + (unsigned long)envp[i]; + } + + ret = execve_args_match(pathname, argc, argv, envc, envp, true, closure); + if (!ret) { + sudo_debug_printf(SUDO_DEBUG_ERROR, + "%s: %d new execve args don't match closure", __func__, (int)pid); + } + +done: + free(argbuf); + sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &chldmask, NULL); + + debug_return_bool(ret); +} + +/* + * Intercept execve(2) and perform a policy check. + * Reads current registers and execve(2) arguments. + * If the command is not allowed by policy, fail with EACCES. + * If the command is allowed, update argv if needed before continuing. + * Returns true on success and false on error. + */ +static bool +ptrace_intercept_execve(pid_t pid, struct intercept_closure *closure) +{ + char *pathname, **argv, **envp, *buf; + const unsigned int flags = closure->details->flags; + int argc, envc, syscallno; + struct sudo_ptrace_regs regs; + bool path_mismatch = false; + bool argv_mismatch = false; + char cwd[PATH_MAX], *orig_argv0; + unsigned long msg; + bool ret = false; + int i, oldcwd = -1; + debug_decl(ptrace_intercept_execve, SUDO_DEBUG_EXEC); + + /* Do not check the policy if we are executing the initial command. */ + if (closure->initial_command != 0) { + closure->initial_command--; + debug_return_bool(true); + } + + /* Get compat flag. */ + if (ptrace(PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG, pid, NULL, &msg) == -1) { + sudo_warn(U_("unable to get event message for process %d"), (int)pid); + debug_return_bool(false); + } + + /* Get the registers. */ + memset(®s, 0, sizeof(regs)); + if (!ptrace_getregs(pid, ®s, msg)) { + sudo_warn(U_("unable to get registers for process %d"), (int)pid); + debug_return_bool(false); + } + sudo_debug_printf(SUDO_DEBUG_INFO, "%s: %d: compat: %s, wordsize: %u", + __func__, (int)pid, regs.compat ? "true" : "false", regs.wordsize); + +# ifdef SECCOMP_AUDIT_ARCH_COMPAT + if (regs.compat) { + syscallno = get_syscallno(®s); + switch (syscallno) { + case COMPAT_execve: + /* Handled below. */ + break; + case COMPAT_execveat: + /* We don't currently check execveat(2). */ + debug_return_bool(true); + break; + default: + sudo_warnx("%s: unexpected compat system call %d", + __func__, syscallno); + debug_return_bool(false); + } + } else +# endif /* SECCOMP_AUDIT_ARCH_COMPAT */ + { + syscallno = get_syscallno(®s); + switch (syscallno) { +# ifdef X32_execve + case X32_execve: +# endif + case __NR_execve: + /* Handled below. */ + break; +# ifdef X32_execveat + case X32_execveat: +# endif + case __NR_execveat: + /* We don't currently check execveat(2). */ + debug_return_bool(true); + break; + default: + sudo_warnx("%s: unexpected system call %d", __func__, syscallno); + debug_return_bool(false); + } + } + + /* Get the current working directory and execve info. */ + if (!proc_read_link(pid, "cwd", cwd, sizeof(cwd))) + (void)strlcpy(cwd, "unknown", sizeof(cwd)); + buf = get_execve_info(pid, ®s, &pathname, &argc, &argv, + &envc, &envp); + if (buf == NULL) { + sudo_debug_printf(SUDO_DEBUG_ERROR|SUDO_DEBUG_ERRNO, + "%s: %d: unable to get execve info", __func__, (int)pid); + /* EIO from ptrace is like EFAULT from the kernel. */ + if (errno == EIO) + errno = EFAULT; + ptrace_fail_syscall(pid, ®s, errno); + goto done; + } + + /* Must have a pathname. */ + if (pathname == NULL) { + ptrace_fail_syscall(pid, ®s, EINVAL); + goto done; + } + + /* We can only pass the pathname to exececute via argv[0] (plugin API). */ + orig_argv0 = argv[0] ? argv[0] : (char *)""; + argv[0] = pathname; + if (argc == 0) { + /* Rewrite an empty argv[] with the path to execute. */ + argv[1] = NULL; + argc = 1; + argv_mismatch = true; + } + + /* Perform a policy check. */ + sudo_debug_printf(SUDO_DEBUG_INFO, "%s: %d: checking policy for %s", + __func__, (int)pid, pathname); + if (!intercept_check_policy(pathname, argc, argv, envc, envp, cwd, + &oldcwd, closure)) { + if (closure->errstr != NULL) + sudo_warnx("%s", U_(closure->errstr)); + } + + switch (closure->state) { + case POLICY_TEST: + path_mismatch = true; + argv_mismatch = true; + if (closure->command == NULL) + closure->command = pathname; + if (closure->run_argv == NULL) + closure->run_argv = argv; + if (closure->run_envp == NULL) + closure->run_envp = envp; + FALLTHROUGH; + case POLICY_ACCEPT: + /* + * Update pathname and argv if the policy modified it. + * We don't currently ever modify envp. + */ + if (strcmp(pathname, closure->command) != 0) + path_mismatch = true; + if (!path_mismatch) { + /* Path unchanged, restore original argv[0]. */ + if (strcmp(argv[0], orig_argv0) != 0) { + argv[0] = orig_argv0; + free(closure->run_argv[0]); + closure->run_argv[0] = strdup(orig_argv0); + if (closure->run_argv[0] == NULL) { + sudo_warnx(U_("%s: %s"), __func__, + U_("unable to allocate memory")); + } + } + } + for (i = 0; closure->run_argv[i] != NULL && argv[i] != NULL; i++) { + if (strcmp(closure->run_argv[i], argv[i]) != 0) { + argv_mismatch = true; + break; + } + } + if (closure->run_argv[i] != NULL || argv[i] != NULL) + argv_mismatch = true; + + if (path_mismatch || argv_mismatch) { + /* + * Need to rewrite pathname and/or argv. + * We can use space below the stack pointer to store the data. + * On amd64 there is a 128 byte red zone that must be avoided. + * Note: on pa-risc the stack grows up, not down. + */ + unsigned long sp = get_stack_pointer(®s) - 128; + unsigned long strtab; + size_t space = 0; + ssize_t nwritten; + + sudo_debug_execve(SUDO_DEBUG_DIAG, closure->command, + closure->run_argv, envp); + + /* + * Calculate the amount of space required for pointers + strings. + * Since ptrace(2) always writes in sizeof(long) increments we + * need to be careful to avoid overwriting what we have already + * written for compat binaries (where the word size doesn't match). + * + * This is mostly a problem for the string table since we do + * interleaved writes of the argument vector pointers and the + * strings they refer to. For native binaries, it is sufficient + * to align the string table on a word boundary. For compat + * binaries, if argc is odd, writing the last pointer will overlap + * the first string so leave an extra word in between them. + */ + if (argv_mismatch) { + /* argv pointers */ + space += ((size_t)argc + 1 + regs.compat) * regs.wordsize; + + /* argv strings */ + for (argc = 0; closure->run_argv[argc] != NULL; argc++) { + space += strlen(closure->run_argv[argc]) + 1; + } + } + if (path_mismatch) { + /* pathname string */ + space += strlen(closure->command) + 1; + } + + /* Reserve stack space for path, argv (w/ NULL) and its strings. */ + sp -= WORDALIGN(space, regs); + strtab = sp; + + if (argv_mismatch) { + /* Update argv address in the tracee to our new value. */ + set_sc_arg2(®s, sp); + + /* Skip over argv pointers (plus NULL) for string table. */ + strtab += ((size_t)argc + 1 + regs.compat) * regs.wordsize; + + nwritten = ptrace_write_vec(pid, ®s, closure->run_argv, + sp, strtab); + if (nwritten == -1) + goto done; + strtab += (unsigned long)nwritten; + } + if (path_mismatch) { + /* Update pathname address in the tracee to our new value. */ + set_sc_arg1(®s, strtab); + + /* Write pathname to the string table. */ + nwritten = ptrace_write_string(pid, strtab, closure->command); + if (nwritten == -1) + goto done; + } + + /* Update args in the tracee to the new values. */ + if (!ptrace_setregs(pid, ®s)) { + sudo_warn(U_("unable to set registers for process %d"), + (int)pid); + goto done; + } + + if (closure->state == POLICY_TEST) { + /* Verify the contents of what we just wrote. */ + if (!verify_execve_args(pid, ®s, closure)) { + sudo_debug_printf(SUDO_DEBUG_ERROR, + "%s: new execve args don't match closure", __func__); + } + } + } + if (closure->state == POLICY_ACCEPT && ISSET(flags, CD_INTERCEPT)) { + if (ISSET(flags, CD_INTERCEPT_VERIFY)) { + /* Verify execve(2) args post-exec. */ + if (!ptrace_verify_post_exec(pid, ®s, closure)) { + if (errno != ESRCH) + kill(pid, SIGKILL); + } + } + } + break; + case POLICY_REJECT: + /* If rejected, fake the syscall and set return to EACCES */ + errno = EACCES; + FALLTHROUGH; + default: + ptrace_fail_syscall(pid, ®s, errno); + break; + } + + ret = true; + +done: + if (oldcwd != -1) { + if (fchdir(oldcwd) == -1) { + sudo_debug_printf(SUDO_DEBUG_ERROR|SUDO_DEBUG_ERRNO, + "%s: unable to restore saved cwd", __func__); + } + close(oldcwd); + } + free(buf); + intercept_closure_reset(closure); + + debug_return_bool(ret); +} + +/* + * Handle a process stopped due to ptrace. + * Restarts the tracee with PTRACE_LISTEN (for a group-stop) + * or PTRACE_CONT (for signal-delivery-stop). + * Returns true if stopped by a group-stop, else false. + */ +bool +exec_ptrace_stopped(pid_t pid, int status, void *intercept) +{ + struct intercept_closure *closure = intercept; + const int stopsig = WSTOPSIG(status); + const int sigtrap = status >> 8; + long signo = 0; + bool group_stop = false; + debug_decl(exec_ptrace_stopped, SUDO_DEBUG_EXEC); + + if (sigtrap == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP << 8))) { + if (!ptrace_intercept_execve(pid, closure)) { + sudo_debug_printf(SUDO_DEBUG_ERROR, + "%s: %d failed to intercept execve", __func__, (int)pid); + } + } else if (sigtrap == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC << 8))) { + sudo_debug_printf(SUDO_DEBUG_ERROR, + "%s: %d PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC", __func__, (int)pid); + } else if (sigtrap == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE << 8)) || + sigtrap == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK << 8)) || + sigtrap == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_FORK << 8))) { + unsigned long new_pid; + + /* New child process, it will inherit the parent's trace flags. */ + if (sudo_debug_needed(SUDO_DEBUG_INFO)) { + if (ptrace(PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG, pid, NULL, &new_pid) != -1) { + sudo_debug_printf(SUDO_DEBUG_INFO, + "%s: %d forked new child %lu", __func__, (int)pid, new_pid); + } else { + sudo_debug_printf( + SUDO_DEBUG_ERROR|SUDO_DEBUG_LINENO|SUDO_DEBUG_ERRNO, + "ptrace(PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG, %d, NULL, %p)", (int)pid, + &new_pid); + } + } + } else { + switch (stopsig) { + case SIGSTOP: + case SIGTSTP: + case SIGTTIN: + case SIGTTOU: + /* Is this a group-stop? */ + if (status >> 16 == PTRACE_EVENT_STOP) { + /* Group-stop, do not deliver signal. */ + sudo_debug_printf(SUDO_DEBUG_INFO, + "%s: %d: group-stop signal %d", + __func__, (int)pid, stopsig); + group_stop = true; + break; + } + FALLTHROUGH; + default: + /* Signal-delivery-stop, deliver signal. */ + sudo_debug_printf(SUDO_DEBUG_INFO, + "%s: %d: signal-delivery-stop signal %d", + __func__, (int)pid, stopsig); + signo = stopsig; + break; + } + } + + if (group_stop) { + /* + * Restart child but prevent it from executing + * until SIGCONT is received (simulate SIGSTOP, etc). + */ + if (ptrace(PTRACE_LISTEN, pid, NULL, 0L) == -1 && errno != ESRCH) + sudo_warn("%s: ptrace(PTRACE_LISTEN, %d, NULL, 0L)", + __func__, (int)pid); + } else { + /* Restart child immediately. */ + if (ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, pid, NULL, signo) == -1 && errno != ESRCH) + sudo_warn("%s: ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, %d, NULL, %ld)", + __func__, (int)pid, signo); + } + + debug_return_bool(group_stop); +} + +bool +exec_ptrace_intercept_supported(void) +{ +# ifdef __mips__ + /* MIPS doesn't support changing the syscall return value. */ + return false; +# else + if (seccomp_trap_supported == -1) + seccomp_trap_supported = have_seccomp_action("trap"); + + return seccomp_trap_supported == true; +# endif +} + +bool +exec_ptrace_subcmds_supported(void) +{ + if (seccomp_trap_supported == -1) + seccomp_trap_supported = have_seccomp_action("trap"); + + return seccomp_trap_supported == true; +} +#else +/* STUB */ +bool +exec_ptrace_stopped(pid_t pid, int status, void *intercept) +{ + return true; +} + +/* STUB */ +int +exec_ptrace_seize(pid_t child) +{ + return true; +} + +/* STUB */ +bool +exec_ptrace_intercept_supported(void) +{ + return false; +} + +/* STUB */ +bool +exec_ptrace_subcmds_supported(void) +{ + return false; +} +#endif /* HAVE_PTRACE_INTERCEPT */ + +/* + * Adjust flags based on the availability of ptrace support. + */ +void +exec_ptrace_fix_flags(struct command_details *details) +{ + debug_decl(exec_ptrace_fix_flags, SUDO_DEBUG_EXEC); + + if (ISSET(details->flags, CD_USE_PTRACE)) { + /* If both CD_INTERCEPT and CD_LOG_SUBCMDS set, CD_INTERCEPT wins. */ + if (ISSET(details->flags, CD_INTERCEPT)) { + if (!exec_ptrace_intercept_supported()) + CLR(details->flags, CD_USE_PTRACE); + } else if (ISSET(details->flags, CD_LOG_SUBCMDS)) { + if (!exec_ptrace_subcmds_supported()) + CLR(details->flags, CD_USE_PTRACE); + } else { + CLR(details->flags, CD_USE_PTRACE); + } + } + debug_return; +} |