Adding upstream version 255.4.upstream/255.4

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

2 files changed, 1774 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/firstboot/firstboot.c b/src/firstboot/firstboot.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d402927
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/firstboot/firstboot.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1763 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+#include <linux/loop.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "sd-id128.h"
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "ask-password-api.h"
+#include "build.h"
+#include "bus-error.h"
+#include "bus-locator.h"
+#include "bus-unit-util.h"
+#include "bus-util.h"
+#include "bus-wait-for-jobs.h"
+#include "chase.h"
+#include "copy.h"
+#include "creds-util.h"
+#include "dissect-image.h"
+#include "env-file.h"
+#include "errno-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
+#include "glyph-util.h"
+#include "hostname-util.h"
+#include "kbd-util.h"
+#include "libcrypt-util.h"
+#include "locale-util.h"
+#include "lock-util.h"
+#include "main-func.h"
+#include "memory-util.h"
+#include "mkdir.h"
+#include "mount-util.h"
+#include "os-util.h"
+#include "parse-argument.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "password-quality-util.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "pretty-print.h"
+#include "proc-cmdline.h"
+#include "random-util.h"
+#include "smack-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "terminal-util.h"
+#include "time-util.h"
+#include "tmpfile-util-label.h"
+#include "tmpfile-util.h"
+#include "umask-util.h"
+#include "user-util.h"
+
+static char *arg_root = NULL;
+static char *arg_image = NULL;
+static char *arg_locale = NULL;  /* $LANG */
+static char *arg_locale_messages = NULL; /* $LC_MESSAGES */
+static char *arg_keymap = NULL;
+static char *arg_timezone = NULL;
+static char *arg_hostname = NULL;
+static sd_id128_t arg_machine_id = {};
+static char *arg_root_password = NULL;
+static char *arg_root_shell = NULL;
+static char *arg_kernel_cmdline = NULL;
+static bool arg_prompt_locale = false;
+static bool arg_prompt_keymap = false;
+static bool arg_prompt_timezone = false;
+static bool arg_prompt_hostname = false;
+static bool arg_prompt_root_password = false;
+static bool arg_prompt_root_shell = false;
+static bool arg_copy_locale = false;
+static bool arg_copy_keymap = false;
+static bool arg_copy_timezone = false;
+static bool arg_copy_root_password = false;
+static bool arg_copy_root_shell = false;
+static bool arg_force = false;
+static bool arg_delete_root_password = false;
+static bool arg_root_password_is_hashed = false;
+static bool arg_welcome = true;
+static bool arg_reset = false;
+static ImagePolicy *arg_image_policy = NULL;
+
+STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_root, freep);
+STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_image, freep);
+STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_locale, freep);
+STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_locale_messages, freep);
+STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_keymap, freep);
+STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_timezone, freep);
+STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_hostname, freep);
+STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_root_password, erase_and_freep);
+STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_image_policy, image_policy_freep);
+
+static bool press_any_key(void) {
+        char k = 0;
+        bool need_nl = true;
+
+        printf("-- Press any key to proceed --");
+        fflush(stdout);
+
+        (void) read_one_char(stdin, &k, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
+
+        if (need_nl)
+                putchar('\n');
+
+        return k != 'q';
+}
+
+static void print_welcome(int rfd) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_name = NULL, *os_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
+        static bool done = false;
+        const char *pn, *ac;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(rfd >= 0);
+
+        if (!arg_welcome)
+                return;
+
+        if (done)
+                return;
+
+        r = parse_os_release_at(rfd,
+                                "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
+                                "NAME", &os_name,
+                                "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_full_errno(r == -ENOENT ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_WARNING, r,
+                               "Failed to read os-release file, ignoring: %m");
+
+        pn = os_release_pretty_name(pretty_name, os_name);
+        ac = isempty(ansi_color) ? "0" : ansi_color;
+
+        (void) reset_terminal_fd(STDIN_FILENO, /* switch_to_text= */ false);
+
+        if (colors_enabled())
+                printf("\nWelcome to your new installation of \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n", ac, pn);
+        else
+                printf("\nWelcome to your new installation of %s!\n", pn);
+
+        printf("\nPlease configure your system!\n\n");
+
+        press_any_key();
+
+        done = true;
+}
+
+static int show_menu(char **x, unsigned n_columns, unsigned width, unsigned percentage) {
+        unsigned break_lines, break_modulo;
+        size_t n, per_column, i, j;
+
+        assert(n_columns > 0);
+
+        n = strv_length(x);
+        per_column = DIV_ROUND_UP(n, n_columns);
+
+        break_lines = lines();
+        if (break_lines > 2)
+                break_lines--;
+
+        /* The first page gets two extra lines, since we want to show
+         * a title */
+        break_modulo = break_lines;
+        if (break_modulo > 3)
+                break_modulo -= 3;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < per_column; i++) {
+
+                for (j = 0; j < n_columns; j ++) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *e = NULL;
+
+                        if (j * per_column + i >= n)
+                                break;
+
+                        e = ellipsize(x[j * per_column + i], width, percentage);
+                        if (!e)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        printf("%4zu) %-*s", j * per_column + i + 1, (int) width, e);
+                }
+
+                putchar('\n');
+
+                /* on the first screen we reserve 2 extra lines for the title */
+                if (i % break_lines == break_modulo) {
+                        if (!press_any_key())
+                                return 0;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int prompt_loop(const char *text, char **l, unsigned percentage, bool (*is_valid)(const char *name), char **ret) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(text);
+        assert(is_valid);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+                unsigned u;
+
+                r = ask_string(&p, "%s %s (empty to skip, \"list\" to list options): ",
+                               special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_TRIANGULAR_BULLET), text);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to query user: %m");
+
+                if (isempty(p)) {
+                        log_warning("No data entered, skipping.");
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                if (streq(p, "list")) {
+                        r = show_menu(l, 3, 22, percentage);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        putchar('\n');
+                        continue;
+                };
+
+                r = safe_atou(p, &u);
+                if (r >= 0) {
+                        if (u <= 0 || u > strv_length(l)) {
+                                log_error("Specified entry number out of range.");
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        log_info("Selected '%s'.", l[u-1]);
+                        return free_and_strdup_warn(ret, l[u-1]);
+                }
+
+                if (!is_valid(p)) {
+                        log_error("Entered data invalid.");
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                return free_and_replace(*ret, p);
+        }
+}
+
+static int should_configure(int dir_fd, const char *filename) {
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *passwd = NULL, *shadow = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(dir_fd >= 0);
+        assert(filename);
+
+        if (streq(filename, "passwd") && !arg_force)
+                /* We may need to do additional checks, so open the file. */
+                r = xfopenat(dir_fd, filename, "re", O_NOFOLLOW, &passwd);
+        else
+                r = RET_NERRNO(faccessat(dir_fd, filename, F_OK, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW));
+
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return true; /* missing */
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to access %s: %m", filename);
+        if (arg_force)
+                return true; /* exists, but if --force was given we should still configure the file. */
+
+        if (!passwd)
+                return false;
+
+        /* In case of /etc/passwd, do an additional check for the root password field.
+         * We first check that passwd redirects to shadow, and then we check shadow.
+         */
+        struct passwd *i;
+        while ((r = fgetpwent_sane(passwd, &i)) > 0) {
+                if (!streq(i->pw_name, "root"))
+                        continue;
+
+                if (streq_ptr(i->pw_passwd, PASSWORD_SEE_SHADOW))
+                        break;
+                log_debug("passwd: root account with non-shadow password found, treating root as configured");
+                return false;
+        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to read %s: %m", filename);
+        if (r == 0) {
+                log_debug("No root account found in %s, assuming root is not configured.", filename);
+                return true;
+        }
+
+        r = xfopenat(dir_fd, "shadow", "re", O_NOFOLLOW, &shadow);
+        if (r == -ENOENT) {
+                log_debug("No shadow file found, assuming root is not configured.");
+                return true; /* missing */
+        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to access shadow: %m");
+
+        struct spwd *j;
+        while ((r = fgetspent_sane(shadow, &j)) > 0) {
+                if (!streq(j->sp_namp, "root"))
+                        continue;
+
+                bool unprovisioned = streq_ptr(j->sp_pwdp, PASSWORD_UNPROVISIONED);
+                log_debug("Root account found, %s.",
+                          unprovisioned ? "with unprovisioned password, treating root as not configured" :
+                                          "treating root as configured");
+                return unprovisioned;
+        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to read shadow: %m");
+        assert(r == 0);
+        log_debug("No root account found in shadow, assuming root is not configured.");
+        return true;
+}
+
+static bool locale_is_installed_bool(const char *name) {
+        return locale_is_installed(name) > 0;
+}
+
+static bool locale_is_ok(int rfd, const char *name) {
+        assert(rfd >= 0);
+
+        return dir_fd_is_root(rfd) ? locale_is_installed_bool(name) : locale_is_valid(name);
+}
+
+static int prompt_locale(int rfd) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **locales = NULL;
+        bool acquired_from_creds = false;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(rfd >= 0);
+
+        if (arg_locale || arg_locale_messages)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = read_credential("firstboot.locale", (void**) &arg_locale, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to read credential firstboot.locale, ignoring: %m");
+        else
+                acquired_from_creds = true;
+
+        r = read_credential("firstboot.locale-messages", (void**) &arg_locale_messages, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to read credential firstboot.locale-messages, ignoring: %m");
+        else
+                acquired_from_creds = true;
+
+        if (acquired_from_creds) {
+                log_debug("Acquired locale from credentials.");
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (!arg_prompt_locale) {
+                log_debug("Prompting for locale was not requested.");
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = get_locales(&locales);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Cannot query locales list: %m");
+
+        if (strv_isempty(locales))
+                log_debug("No locales found, skipping locale selection.");
+        else if (strv_length(locales) == 1) {
+
+                if (streq(locales[0], SYSTEMD_DEFAULT_LOCALE))
+                        log_debug("Only installed locale is default locale anyway, not setting locale explicitly.");
+                else {
+                        log_debug("Only a single locale available (%s), selecting it as default.", locales[0]);
+
+                        arg_locale = strdup(locales[0]);
+                        if (!arg_locale)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        /* Not setting arg_locale_message here, since it defaults to LANG anyway */
+                }
+        } else {
+                bool (*is_valid)(const char *name) = dir_fd_is_root(rfd) ? locale_is_installed_bool
+                                                                         : locale_is_valid;
+
+                print_welcome(rfd);
+
+                r = prompt_loop("Please enter system locale name or number",
+                                locales, 60, is_valid, &arg_locale);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (isempty(arg_locale))
+                        return 0;
+
+                r = prompt_loop("Please enter system message locale name or number",
+                                locales, 60, is_valid, &arg_locale_messages);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                /* Suppress the messages setting if it's the same as the main locale anyway */
+                if (streq_ptr(arg_locale, arg_locale_messages))
+                        arg_locale_messages = mfree(arg_locale_messages);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int process_locale(int rfd) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int pfd = -EBADF;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *f = NULL;
+        char* locales[3];
+        unsigned i = 0;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(rfd >= 0);
+
+        pfd = chase_and_open_parent_at(rfd, "/etc/locale.conf",
+                                       CHASE_AT_RESOLVE_IN_ROOT|CHASE_MKDIR_0755|CHASE_WARN|CHASE_NOFOLLOW,
+                                       &f);
+        if (pfd < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(pfd, "Failed to chase /etc/locale.conf: %m");
+
+        r = should_configure(pfd, f);
+        if (r == 0)
+                log_debug("Found /etc/locale.conf, assuming locale information has been configured.");
+        if (r <= 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = dir_fd_is_root(rfd);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to check if directory file descriptor is root: %m");
+
+        if (arg_copy_locale && r == 0) {
+                r = copy_file_atomic_at(AT_FDCWD, "/etc/locale.conf", pfd, f, 0644, COPY_REFLINK);
+                if (r != -ENOENT) {
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to copy host's /etc/locale.conf: %m");
+
+                        log_info("Copied host's /etc/locale.conf.");
+                        return 0;
+                }
+        }
+
+        r = prompt_locale(rfd);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (!isempty(arg_locale))
+                locales[i++] = strjoina("LANG=", arg_locale);
+        if (!isempty(arg_locale_messages) && !streq_ptr(arg_locale_messages, arg_locale))
+                locales[i++] = strjoina("LC_MESSAGES=", arg_locale_messages);
+
+        if (i == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        locales[i] = NULL;
+
+        r = write_env_file(pfd, f, NULL, locales);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to write /etc/locale.conf: %m");
+
+        log_info("/etc/locale.conf written.");
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static bool keymap_exists_bool(const char *name) {
+        return keymap_exists(name) > 0;
+}
+
+static typeof(&keymap_is_valid) determine_keymap_validity_func(int rfd) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = dir_fd_is_root(rfd);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Unable to determine if operating on host root directory, assuming we are: %m");
+
+        return r != 0 ? keymap_exists_bool : keymap_is_valid;
+}
+
+static int prompt_keymap(int rfd) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **kmaps = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(rfd >= 0);
+
+        if (arg_keymap)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = read_credential("firstboot.keymap", (void**) &arg_keymap, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to read credential firstboot.keymap, ignoring: %m");
+        else {
+                log_debug("Acquired keymap from credential.");
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (!arg_prompt_keymap) {
+                log_debug("Prompting for keymap was not requested.");
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = get_keymaps(&kmaps);
+        if (r == -ENOENT) /* no keymaps installed */
+                return log_debug_errno(r, "No keymaps are installed.");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to read keymaps: %m");
+
+        print_welcome(rfd);
+
+        return prompt_loop("Please enter system keymap name or number",
+                           kmaps, 60, determine_keymap_validity_func(rfd), &arg_keymap);
+}
+
+static int process_keymap(int rfd) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int pfd = -EBADF;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *f = NULL;
+        char **keymap;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(rfd >= 0);
+
+        pfd = chase_and_open_parent_at(rfd, "/etc/vconsole.conf",
+                                       CHASE_AT_RESOLVE_IN_ROOT|CHASE_MKDIR_0755|CHASE_WARN|CHASE_NOFOLLOW,
+                                       &f);
+        if (pfd < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(pfd, "Failed to chase /etc/vconsole.conf: %m");
+
+        r = should_configure(pfd, f);
+        if (r == 0)
+                log_debug("Found /etc/vconsole.conf, assuming console has been configured.");
+        if (r <= 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = dir_fd_is_root(rfd);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to check if directory file descriptor is root: %m");
+
+        if (arg_copy_keymap && r == 0) {
+                r = copy_file_atomic_at(AT_FDCWD, "/etc/vconsole.conf", pfd, f, 0644, COPY_REFLINK);
+                if (r != -ENOENT) {
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to copy host's /etc/vconsole.conf: %m");
+
+                        log_info("Copied host's /etc/vconsole.conf.");
+                        return 0;
+                }
+        }
+
+        r = prompt_keymap(rfd);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return 0; /* don't fail if no keymaps are installed */
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (isempty(arg_keymap))
+                return 0;
+
+        keymap = STRV_MAKE(strjoina("KEYMAP=", arg_keymap));
+
+        r = write_vconsole_conf(pfd, f, keymap);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to write /etc/vconsole.conf: %m");
+
+        log_info("/etc/vconsole.conf written.");
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static bool timezone_is_valid_log_error(const char *name) {
+        return timezone_is_valid(name, LOG_ERR);
+}
+
+static int prompt_timezone(int rfd) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **zones = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(rfd >= 0);
+
+        if (arg_timezone)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = read_credential("firstboot.timezone", (void**) &arg_timezone, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to read credential firstboot.timezone, ignoring: %m");
+        else {
+                log_debug("Acquired timezone from credential.");
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (!arg_prompt_timezone) {
+                log_debug("Prompting for timezone was not requested.");
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = get_timezones(&zones);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Cannot query timezone list: %m");
+
+        print_welcome(rfd);
+
+        r = prompt_loop("Please enter timezone name or number",
+                        zones, 30, timezone_is_valid_log_error, &arg_timezone);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int process_timezone(int rfd) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int pfd = -EBADF;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *f = NULL;
+        const char *e;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(rfd >= 0);
+
+        pfd = chase_and_open_parent_at(rfd, "/etc/localtime",
+                                       CHASE_AT_RESOLVE_IN_ROOT|CHASE_MKDIR_0755|CHASE_WARN|CHASE_NOFOLLOW,
+                                       &f);
+        if (pfd < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(pfd, "Failed to chase /etc/localtime: %m");
+
+        r = should_configure(pfd, f);
+        if (r == 0)
+                log_debug("Found /etc/localtime, assuming timezone has been configured.");
+        if (r <= 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = dir_fd_is_root(rfd);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to check if directory file descriptor is root: %m");
+
+        if (arg_copy_timezone && r == 0) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
+
+                r = readlink_malloc("/etc/localtime", &s);
+                if (r != -ENOENT) {
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to read host's /etc/localtime: %m");
+
+                        r = symlinkat_atomic_full(s, pfd, f, /* make_relative= */ false);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create /etc/localtime symlink: %m");
+
+                        log_info("Copied host's /etc/localtime.");
+                        return 0;
+                }
+        }
+
+        r = prompt_timezone(rfd);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (isempty(arg_timezone))
+                return 0;
+
+        e = strjoina("../usr/share/zoneinfo/", arg_timezone);
+
+        r = symlinkat_atomic_full(e, pfd, f, /* make_relative= */ false);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create /etc/localtime symlink: %m");
+
+        log_info("/etc/localtime written");
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int prompt_hostname(int rfd) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(rfd >= 0);
+
+        if (arg_hostname)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (!arg_prompt_hostname) {
+                log_debug("Prompting for hostname was not requested.");
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        print_welcome(rfd);
+        putchar('\n');
+
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *h = NULL;
+
+                r = ask_string(&h, "%s Please enter hostname for new system (empty to skip): ", special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_TRIANGULAR_BULLET));
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to query hostname: %m");
+
+                if (isempty(h)) {
+                        log_warning("No hostname entered, skipping.");
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                if (!hostname_is_valid(h, VALID_HOSTNAME_TRAILING_DOT)) {
+                        log_error("Specified hostname invalid.");
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                /* Get rid of the trailing dot that we allow, but don't want to see */
+                arg_hostname = hostname_cleanup(h);
+                h = NULL;
+                break;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int process_hostname(int rfd) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int pfd = -EBADF;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *f = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(rfd >= 0);
+
+        pfd = chase_and_open_parent_at(rfd, "/etc/hostname",
+                                       CHASE_AT_RESOLVE_IN_ROOT|CHASE_MKDIR_0755|CHASE_WARN,
+                                       &f);
+        if (pfd < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(pfd, "Failed to chase /etc/hostname: %m");
+
+        r = should_configure(pfd, f);
+        if (r == 0)
+                log_debug("Found /etc/hostname, assuming hostname has been configured.");
+        if (r <= 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = prompt_hostname(rfd);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (isempty(arg_hostname))
+                return 0;
+
+        r = write_string_file_at(pfd, f, arg_hostname,
+                                 WRITE_STRING_FILE_CREATE|WRITE_STRING_FILE_SYNC|WRITE_STRING_FILE_ATOMIC);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to write /etc/hostname: %m");
+
+        log_info("/etc/hostname written.");
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int process_machine_id(int rfd) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int pfd = -EBADF;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *f = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(rfd >= 0);
+
+        pfd = chase_and_open_parent_at(rfd, "/etc/machine-id",
+                                       CHASE_AT_RESOLVE_IN_ROOT|CHASE_MKDIR_0755|CHASE_WARN|CHASE_NOFOLLOW,
+                                       &f);
+        if (pfd < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(pfd, "Failed to chase /etc/machine-id: %m");
+
+        r = should_configure(pfd, f);
+        if (r == 0)
+                log_debug("Found /etc/machine-id, assuming machine-id has been configured.");
+        if (r <= 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (sd_id128_is_null(arg_machine_id)) {
+                log_debug("Initialization of machine-id was not requested, skipping.");
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = write_string_file_at(pfd, "machine-id", SD_ID128_TO_STRING(arg_machine_id),
+                                 WRITE_STRING_FILE_CREATE|WRITE_STRING_FILE_SYNC|WRITE_STRING_FILE_ATOMIC);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to write /etc/machine-id: %m");
+
+        log_info("/etc/machine-id written.");
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int prompt_root_password(int rfd) {
+        const char *msg1, *msg2;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(rfd >= 0);
+
+        if (arg_root_password)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (get_credential_user_password("root", &arg_root_password, &arg_root_password_is_hashed) >= 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (!arg_prompt_root_password) {
+                log_debug("Prompting for root password was not requested.");
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        print_welcome(rfd);
+        putchar('\n');
+
+        msg1 = strjoina(special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_TRIANGULAR_BULLET), " Please enter a new root password (empty to skip):");
+        msg2 = strjoina(special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_TRIANGULAR_BULLET), " Please enter new root password again:");
+
+        suggest_passwords();
+
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_strv_free_erase_ char **a = NULL, **b = NULL;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *error = NULL;
+
+                r = ask_password_tty(-1, msg1, NULL, 0, 0, NULL, &a);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to query root password: %m");
+                if (strv_length(a) != 1)
+                        return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO),
+                                               "Received multiple passwords, where we expected one.");
+
+                if (isempty(*a)) {
+                        log_warning("No password entered, skipping.");
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                r = check_password_quality(*a, /* old */ NULL, "root", &error);
+                if (ERRNO_IS_NEG_NOT_SUPPORTED(r))
+                        log_warning("Password quality check is not supported, proceeding anyway.");
+                else if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to check password quality: %m");
+                else if (r == 0)
+                        log_warning("Password is weak, accepting anyway: %s", error);
+
+                r = ask_password_tty(-1, msg2, NULL, 0, 0, NULL, &b);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to query root password: %m");
+                if (strv_length(b) != 1)
+                        return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO),
+                                               "Received multiple passwords, where we expected one.");
+
+                if (!streq(*a, *b)) {
+                        log_error("Entered passwords did not match, please try again.");
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                arg_root_password = TAKE_PTR(*a);
+                break;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int find_shell(int rfd, const char *path) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        if (!valid_shell(path))
+                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "%s is not a valid shell", path);
+
+        r = chaseat(rfd, path, CHASE_AT_RESOLVE_IN_ROOT, NULL, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to resolve shell %s: %m", path);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int prompt_root_shell(int rfd) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(rfd >= 0);
+
+        if (arg_root_shell)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = read_credential("passwd.shell.root", (void**) &arg_root_shell, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to read credential passwd.shell.root, ignoring: %m");
+        else {
+                log_debug("Acquired root shell from credential.");
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (!arg_prompt_root_shell) {
+                log_debug("Prompting for root shell was not requested.");
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        print_welcome(rfd);
+        putchar('\n');
+
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
+
+                r = ask_string(&s, "%s Please enter root shell for new system (empty to skip): ", special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_TRIANGULAR_BULLET));
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to query root shell: %m");
+
+                if (isempty(s)) {
+                        log_warning("No shell entered, skipping.");
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                r = find_shell(rfd, s);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                arg_root_shell = TAKE_PTR(s);
+                break;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int write_root_passwd(int rfd, int etc_fd, const char *password, const char *shell) {
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *original = NULL, *passwd = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(unlink_and_freep) char *passwd_tmp = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(password);
+
+        r = fopen_temporary_at_label(etc_fd, "passwd", "passwd", &passwd, &passwd_tmp);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = xfopenat(etc_fd, "passwd", "re", O_NOFOLLOW, &original);
+        if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
+                return r;
+
+        if (original) {
+                struct passwd *i;
+
+                r = copy_rights(fileno(original), fileno(passwd));
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                while ((r = fgetpwent_sane(original, &i)) > 0) {
+
+                        if (streq(i->pw_name, "root")) {
+                                i->pw_passwd = (char *) password;
+                                if (shell)
+                                        i->pw_shell = (char *) shell;
+                        }
+
+                        r = putpwent_sane(i, passwd);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+        } else {
+                struct passwd root = {
+                        .pw_name = (char *) "root",
+                        .pw_passwd = (char *) password,
+                        .pw_uid = 0,
+                        .pw_gid = 0,
+                        .pw_gecos = (char *) "Super User",
+                        .pw_dir = (char *) "/root",
+                        .pw_shell = (char *) (shell ?: default_root_shell_at(rfd)),
+                };
+
+                if (errno != ENOENT)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                r = fchmod(fileno(passwd), 0644);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                r = putpwent_sane(&root, passwd);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        r = fflush_sync_and_check(passwd);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = renameat_and_apply_smack_floor_label(etc_fd, passwd_tmp, etc_fd, "passwd");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int write_root_shadow(int etc_fd, const char *hashed_password) {
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *original = NULL, *shadow = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(unlink_and_freep) char *shadow_tmp = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(hashed_password);
+
+        r = fopen_temporary_at_label(etc_fd, "shadow", "shadow", &shadow, &shadow_tmp);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = xfopenat(etc_fd, "shadow", "re", O_NOFOLLOW, &original);
+        if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
+                return r;
+
+        if (original) {
+                struct spwd *i;
+
+                r = copy_rights(fileno(original), fileno(shadow));
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                while ((r = fgetspent_sane(original, &i)) > 0) {
+
+                        if (streq(i->sp_namp, "root")) {
+                                i->sp_pwdp = (char *) hashed_password;
+                                i->sp_lstchg = (long) (now(CLOCK_REALTIME) / USEC_PER_DAY);
+                        }
+
+                        r = putspent_sane(i, shadow);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+        } else {
+                struct spwd root = {
+                        .sp_namp = (char*) "root",
+                        .sp_pwdp = (char *) hashed_password,
+                        .sp_lstchg = (long) (now(CLOCK_REALTIME) / USEC_PER_DAY),
+                        .sp_min = -1,
+                        .sp_max = -1,
+                        .sp_warn = -1,
+                        .sp_inact = -1,
+                        .sp_expire = -1,
+                        .sp_flag = ULONG_MAX, /* this appears to be what everybody does ... */
+                };
+
+                if (errno != ENOENT)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                r = fchmod(fileno(shadow), 0000);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                r = putspent_sane(&root, shadow);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        r = fflush_sync_and_check(shadow);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = renameat_and_apply_smack_floor_label(etc_fd, shadow_tmp, etc_fd, "shadow");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int process_root_account(int rfd) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int pfd = -EBADF;
+        _cleanup_(release_lock_file) LockFile lock = LOCK_FILE_INIT;
+        _cleanup_(erase_and_freep) char *_hashed_password = NULL;
+        const char *password, *hashed_password;
+        int k = 0, r;
+
+        assert(rfd >= 0);
+
+        pfd = chase_and_open_parent_at(rfd, "/etc/passwd",
+                                       CHASE_AT_RESOLVE_IN_ROOT|CHASE_MKDIR_0755|CHASE_WARN|CHASE_NOFOLLOW,
+                                       NULL);
+        if (pfd < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(pfd, "Failed to chase /etc/passwd: %m");
+
+        /* Ensure that passwd and shadow are in the same directory and are not symlinks. */
+
+        FOREACH_STRING(s, "passwd", "shadow") {
+                r = verify_regular_at(pfd, s, /* follow = */ false);
+                if (IN_SET(r, -EISDIR, -ELOOP, -EBADFD))
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "/etc/%s is not a regular file", s);
+                if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to check whether /etc/%s is a regular file: %m", s);
+
+                r = should_configure(pfd, s);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                k += r;
+        }
+
+        if (k == 0) {
+                log_debug("Found /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow, assuming root account has been initialized.");
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        /* Don't create/modify passwd and shadow if not asked */
+        if (!(arg_root_password || arg_prompt_root_password || arg_copy_root_password || arg_delete_root_password ||
+              arg_root_shell || arg_prompt_root_shell || arg_copy_root_shell)) {
+                log_debug("Initialization of root account was not requested, skipping.");
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = make_lock_file_at(pfd, ETC_PASSWD_LOCK_FILENAME, LOCK_EX, &lock);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to take a lock on /etc/passwd: %m");
+
+        k = dir_fd_is_root(rfd);
+        if (k < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(k, "Failed to check if directory file descriptor is root: %m");
+
+        if (arg_copy_root_shell && k == 0) {
+                struct passwd *p;
+
+                errno = 0;
+                p = getpwnam("root");
+                if (!p)
+                        return log_error_errno(errno_or_else(EIO), "Failed to find passwd entry for root: %m");
+
+                r = free_and_strdup(&arg_root_shell, p->pw_shell);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_oom();
+        }
+
+        r = prompt_root_shell(rfd);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (arg_copy_root_password && k == 0) {
+                struct spwd *p;
+
+                errno = 0;
+                p = getspnam("root");
+                if (!p)
+                        return log_error_errno(errno_or_else(EIO), "Failed to find shadow entry for root: %m");
+
+                r = free_and_strdup(&arg_root_password, p->sp_pwdp);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                arg_root_password_is_hashed = true;
+        }
+
+        r = prompt_root_password(rfd);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (arg_root_password && arg_root_password_is_hashed) {
+                password = PASSWORD_SEE_SHADOW;
+                hashed_password = arg_root_password;
+        } else if (arg_root_password) {
+                r = hash_password(arg_root_password, &_hashed_password);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to hash password: %m");
+
+                password = PASSWORD_SEE_SHADOW;
+                hashed_password = _hashed_password;
+
+        } else if (arg_delete_root_password)
+                password = hashed_password = PASSWORD_NONE;
+        else
+                password = hashed_password = PASSWORD_LOCKED_AND_INVALID;
+
+        r = write_root_passwd(rfd, pfd, password, arg_root_shell);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to write /etc/passwd: %m");
+
+        log_info("/etc/passwd written.");
+
+        r = write_root_shadow(pfd, hashed_password);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to write /etc/shadow: %m");
+
+        log_info("/etc/shadow written.");
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int process_kernel_cmdline(int rfd) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int pfd = -EBADF;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *f = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(rfd >= 0);
+
+        pfd = chase_and_open_parent_at(rfd, "/etc/kernel/cmdline",
+                                       CHASE_AT_RESOLVE_IN_ROOT|CHASE_MKDIR_0755|CHASE_WARN|CHASE_NOFOLLOW,
+                                       &f);
+        if (pfd < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(pfd, "Failed to chase /etc/kernel/cmdline: %m");
+
+        r = should_configure(pfd, f);
+        if (r == 0)
+                log_debug("Found /etc/kernel/cmdline, assuming kernel command line has been configured.");
+        if (r <= 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (!arg_kernel_cmdline) {
+                log_debug("Creation of /etc/kernel/cmdline was not requested, skipping.");
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = write_string_file_at(pfd, "cmdline", arg_kernel_cmdline,
+                                 WRITE_STRING_FILE_CREATE|WRITE_STRING_FILE_SYNC|WRITE_STRING_FILE_ATOMIC);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to write /etc/kernel/cmdline: %m");
+
+        log_info("/etc/kernel/cmdline written.");
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int reset_one(int rfd, const char *path) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int pfd = -EBADF;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *f = NULL;
+
+        assert(rfd >= 0);
+        assert(path);
+
+        pfd = chase_and_open_parent_at(rfd, path, CHASE_AT_RESOLVE_IN_ROOT|CHASE_WARN|CHASE_NOFOLLOW, &f);
+        if (pfd == -ENOENT)
+                return 0;
+        if (pfd < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(pfd, "Failed to resolve %s: %m", path);
+
+        if (unlinkat(pfd, f, 0) < 0)
+                return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to remove %s: %m", path);
+
+        log_info("Removed %s", path);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int process_reset(int rfd) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(rfd >= 0);
+
+        if (!arg_reset)
+                return 0;
+
+        FOREACH_STRING(p,
+                       "/etc/locale.conf",
+                       "/etc/vconsole.conf",
+                       "/etc/hostname",
+                       "/etc/machine-id",
+                       "/etc/kernel/cmdline",
+                       "/etc/localtime") {
+                r = reset_one(rfd, p);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int help(void) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = terminal_urlify_man("systemd-firstboot", "1", &link);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n"
+               "Configures basic settings of the system.\n\n"
+               "  -h --help                       Show this help\n"
+               "     --version                    Show package version\n"
+               "     --root=PATH                  Operate on an alternate filesystem root\n"
+               "     --image=PATH                 Operate on disk image as filesystem root\n"
+               "     --image-policy=POLICY        Specify disk image dissection policy\n"
+               "     --locale=LOCALE              Set primary locale (LANG=)\n"
+               "     --locale-messages=LOCALE     Set message locale (LC_MESSAGES=)\n"
+               "     --keymap=KEYMAP              Set keymap\n"
+               "     --timezone=TIMEZONE          Set timezone\n"
+               "     --hostname=NAME              Set hostname\n"
+               "     --setup-machine-id           Set a random machine ID\n"
+               "     --machine-id=ID              Set specified machine ID\n"
+               "     --root-password=PASSWORD     Set root password from plaintext password\n"
+               "     --root-password-file=FILE    Set root password from file\n"
+               "     --root-password-hashed=HASH  Set root password from hashed password\n"
+               "     --root-shell=SHELL           Set root shell\n"
+               "     --kernel-command-line=CMDLINE\n"
+               "                                  Set kernel command line\n"
+               "     --prompt-locale              Prompt the user for locale settings\n"
+               "     --prompt-keymap              Prompt the user for keymap settings\n"
+               "     --prompt-timezone            Prompt the user for timezone\n"
+               "     --prompt-hostname            Prompt the user for hostname\n"
+               "     --prompt-root-password       Prompt the user for root password\n"
+               "     --prompt-root-shell          Prompt the user for root shell\n"
+               "     --prompt                     Prompt for all of the above\n"
+               "     --copy-locale                Copy locale from host\n"
+               "     --copy-keymap                Copy keymap from host\n"
+               "     --copy-timezone              Copy timezone from host\n"
+               "     --copy-root-password         Copy root password from host\n"
+               "     --copy-root-shell            Copy root shell from host\n"
+               "     --copy                       Copy locale, keymap, timezone, root password\n"
+               "     --force                      Overwrite existing files\n"
+               "     --delete-root-password       Delete root password\n"
+               "     --welcome=no                 Disable the welcome text\n"
+               "     --reset                      Remove existing files\n"
+               "\nSee the %s for details.\n",
+               program_invocation_short_name,
+               link);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+
+        enum {
+                ARG_VERSION = 0x100,
+                ARG_ROOT,
+                ARG_IMAGE,
+                ARG_IMAGE_POLICY,
+                ARG_LOCALE,
+                ARG_LOCALE_MESSAGES,
+                ARG_KEYMAP,
+                ARG_TIMEZONE,
+                ARG_HOSTNAME,
+                ARG_SETUP_MACHINE_ID,
+                ARG_MACHINE_ID,
+                ARG_ROOT_PASSWORD,
+                ARG_ROOT_PASSWORD_FILE,
+                ARG_ROOT_PASSWORD_HASHED,
+                ARG_ROOT_SHELL,
+                ARG_KERNEL_COMMAND_LINE,
+                ARG_PROMPT,
+                ARG_PROMPT_LOCALE,
+                ARG_PROMPT_KEYMAP,
+                ARG_PROMPT_TIMEZONE,
+                ARG_PROMPT_HOSTNAME,
+                ARG_PROMPT_ROOT_PASSWORD,
+                ARG_PROMPT_ROOT_SHELL,
+                ARG_COPY,
+                ARG_COPY_LOCALE,
+                ARG_COPY_KEYMAP,
+                ARG_COPY_TIMEZONE,
+                ARG_COPY_ROOT_PASSWORD,
+                ARG_COPY_ROOT_SHELL,
+                ARG_FORCE,
+                ARG_DELETE_ROOT_PASSWORD,
+                ARG_WELCOME,
+                ARG_RESET,
+        };
+
+        static const struct option options[] = {
+                { "help",                    no_argument,       NULL, 'h'                         },
+                { "version",                 no_argument,       NULL, ARG_VERSION                 },
+                { "root",                    required_argument, NULL, ARG_ROOT                    },
+                { "image",                   required_argument, NULL, ARG_IMAGE                   },
+                { "image-policy",            required_argument, NULL, ARG_IMAGE_POLICY            },
+                { "locale",                  required_argument, NULL, ARG_LOCALE                  },
+                { "locale-messages",         required_argument, NULL, ARG_LOCALE_MESSAGES         },
+                { "keymap",                  required_argument, NULL, ARG_KEYMAP                  },
+                { "timezone",                required_argument, NULL, ARG_TIMEZONE                },
+                { "hostname",                required_argument, NULL, ARG_HOSTNAME                },
+                { "setup-machine-id",        no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SETUP_MACHINE_ID        },
+                { "machine-id",              required_argument, NULL, ARG_MACHINE_ID              },
+                { "root-password",           required_argument, NULL, ARG_ROOT_PASSWORD           },
+                { "root-password-file",      required_argument, NULL, ARG_ROOT_PASSWORD_FILE      },
+                { "root-password-hashed",    required_argument, NULL, ARG_ROOT_PASSWORD_HASHED    },
+                { "root-shell",              required_argument, NULL, ARG_ROOT_SHELL              },
+                { "kernel-command-line",     required_argument, NULL, ARG_KERNEL_COMMAND_LINE     },
+                { "prompt",                  no_argument,       NULL, ARG_PROMPT                  },
+                { "prompt-locale",           no_argument,       NULL, ARG_PROMPT_LOCALE           },
+                { "prompt-keymap",           no_argument,       NULL, ARG_PROMPT_KEYMAP           },
+                { "prompt-timezone",         no_argument,       NULL, ARG_PROMPT_TIMEZONE         },
+                { "prompt-hostname",         no_argument,       NULL, ARG_PROMPT_HOSTNAME         },
+                { "prompt-root-password",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_PROMPT_ROOT_PASSWORD    },
+                { "prompt-root-shell",       no_argument,       NULL, ARG_PROMPT_ROOT_SHELL       },
+                { "copy",                    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_COPY                    },
+                { "copy-locale",             no_argument,       NULL, ARG_COPY_LOCALE             },
+                { "copy-keymap",             no_argument,       NULL, ARG_COPY_KEYMAP             },
+                { "copy-timezone",           no_argument,       NULL, ARG_COPY_TIMEZONE           },
+                { "copy-root-password",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_COPY_ROOT_PASSWORD      },
+                { "copy-root-shell",         no_argument,       NULL, ARG_COPY_ROOT_SHELL         },
+                { "force",                   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FORCE                   },
+                { "delete-root-password",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_DELETE_ROOT_PASSWORD    },
+                { "welcome",                 required_argument, NULL, ARG_WELCOME                 },
+                { "reset",                   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_RESET                   },
+                {}
+        };
+
+        int r, c;
+
+        assert(argc >= 0);
+        assert(argv);
+
+        while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "h", options, NULL)) >= 0)
+
+                switch (c) {
+
+                case 'h':
+                        return help();
+
+                case ARG_VERSION:
+                        return version();
+
+                case ARG_ROOT:
+                        r = parse_path_argument(optarg, true, &arg_root);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_IMAGE:
+                        r = parse_path_argument(optarg, false, &arg_image);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_IMAGE_POLICY:
+                        r = parse_image_policy_argument(optarg, &arg_image_policy);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_LOCALE:
+                        r = free_and_strdup(&arg_locale, optarg);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_LOCALE_MESSAGES:
+                        r = free_and_strdup(&arg_locale_messages, optarg);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_KEYMAP:
+                        if (!keymap_is_valid(optarg))
+                                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                                       "Keymap %s is not valid.", optarg);
+
+                        r = free_and_strdup(&arg_keymap, optarg);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_TIMEZONE:
+                        if (!timezone_is_valid(optarg, LOG_ERR))
+                                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                                       "Timezone %s is not valid.", optarg);
+
+                        r = free_and_strdup(&arg_timezone, optarg);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_ROOT_PASSWORD:
+                        r = free_and_strdup(&arg_root_password, optarg);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        arg_root_password_is_hashed = false;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_ROOT_PASSWORD_FILE:
+                        arg_root_password = mfree(arg_root_password);
+
+                        r = read_one_line_file(optarg, &arg_root_password);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to read %s: %m", optarg);
+
+                        arg_root_password_is_hashed = false;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_ROOT_PASSWORD_HASHED:
+                        r = free_and_strdup(&arg_root_password, optarg);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        arg_root_password_is_hashed = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_ROOT_SHELL:
+                        r = free_and_strdup(&arg_root_shell, optarg);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_HOSTNAME:
+                        if (!hostname_is_valid(optarg, VALID_HOSTNAME_TRAILING_DOT))
+                                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                                       "Host name %s is not valid.", optarg);
+
+                        r = free_and_strdup(&arg_hostname, optarg);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        hostname_cleanup(arg_hostname);
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_SETUP_MACHINE_ID:
+                        r = sd_id128_randomize(&arg_machine_id);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to generate randomized machine ID: %m");
+
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_MACHINE_ID:
+                        r = sd_id128_from_string(optarg, &arg_machine_id);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse machine id %s.", optarg);
+
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_KERNEL_COMMAND_LINE:
+                        r = free_and_strdup(&arg_kernel_cmdline, optarg);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_PROMPT:
+                        arg_prompt_locale = arg_prompt_keymap = arg_prompt_timezone = arg_prompt_hostname =
+                                arg_prompt_root_password = arg_prompt_root_shell = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_PROMPT_LOCALE:
+                        arg_prompt_locale = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_PROMPT_KEYMAP:
+                        arg_prompt_keymap = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_PROMPT_TIMEZONE:
+                        arg_prompt_timezone = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_PROMPT_HOSTNAME:
+                        arg_prompt_hostname = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_PROMPT_ROOT_PASSWORD:
+                        arg_prompt_root_password = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_PROMPT_ROOT_SHELL:
+                        arg_prompt_root_shell = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_COPY:
+                        arg_copy_locale = arg_copy_keymap = arg_copy_timezone = arg_copy_root_password =
+                                arg_copy_root_shell = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_COPY_LOCALE:
+                        arg_copy_locale = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_COPY_KEYMAP:
+                        arg_copy_keymap = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_COPY_TIMEZONE:
+                        arg_copy_timezone = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_COPY_ROOT_PASSWORD:
+                        arg_copy_root_password = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_COPY_ROOT_SHELL:
+                        arg_copy_root_shell = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_FORCE:
+                        arg_force = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_DELETE_ROOT_PASSWORD:
+                        arg_delete_root_password = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_WELCOME:
+                        r = parse_boolean(optarg);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse --welcome= argument: %s", optarg);
+
+                        arg_welcome = r;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_RESET:
+                        arg_reset = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case '?':
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                default:
+                        assert_not_reached();
+                }
+
+        if (arg_delete_root_password && (arg_copy_root_password || arg_root_password || arg_prompt_root_password))
+                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                       "--delete-root-password cannot be combined with other root password options.");
+
+        if (arg_image && arg_root)
+                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                       "--root= and --image= cannot be used together.");
+
+        if (!sd_id128_is_null(arg_machine_id) && !(arg_image || arg_root) && !arg_force)
+                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                       "--machine-id=/--setup-machine-id only works with --root= or --image=.");
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int reload_system_manager(sd_bus **bus) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+
+        if (!*bus) {
+                r = bus_connect_transport_systemd(BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL, NULL, RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM, bus);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_connect_error(r, BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL);
+        }
+
+        r = bus_service_manager_reload(*bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        log_info("Requested manager reload to apply locale configuration.");
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int reload_vconsole(sd_bus **bus) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(bus_wait_for_jobs_freep) BusWaitForJobs *w = NULL;
+        const char *object;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+
+        if (!*bus) {
+                r = bus_connect_transport_systemd(BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL, NULL, RUNTIME_SCOPE_SYSTEM, bus);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_connect_error(r, BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL);
+        }
+
+        r = bus_wait_for_jobs_new(*bus, &w);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Could not watch jobs: %m");
+
+        r = bus_call_method(*bus, bus_systemd_mgr, "RestartUnit", &error, &reply,
+                            "ss", "systemd-vconsole-setup.service", "replace");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "o", &object);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        r = bus_wait_for_jobs_one(w, object, false, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to wait for systemd-vconsole-setup.service/restart: %m");
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int run(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(loop_device_unrefp) LoopDevice *loop_device = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(umount_and_freep) char *mounted_dir = NULL;
+        _cleanup_close_ int rfd = -EBADF;
+        int r;
+
+        r = parse_argv(argc, argv);
+        if (r <= 0)
+                return r;
+
+        log_setup();
+
+        umask(0022);
+
+        bool offline = arg_root || arg_image;
+
+        if (!offline) {
+                /* If we are called without --root=/--image= let's honour the systemd.firstboot kernel
+                 * command line option, because we are called to provision the host with basic settings (as
+                 * opposed to some other file system tree/image) */
+
+                bool enabled;
+                r = proc_cmdline_get_bool("systemd.firstboot", /* flags = */ 0, &enabled);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse systemd.firstboot= kernel command line argument, ignoring: %m");
+                if (r > 0 && !enabled) {
+                        log_debug("Found systemd.firstboot=no kernel command line argument, terminating.");
+                        return 0; /* disabled */
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (arg_image) {
+                assert(!arg_root);
+
+                r = mount_image_privately_interactively(
+                                arg_image,
+                                arg_image_policy,
+                                DISSECT_IMAGE_GENERIC_ROOT |
+                                DISSECT_IMAGE_REQUIRE_ROOT |
+                                DISSECT_IMAGE_VALIDATE_OS |
+                                DISSECT_IMAGE_RELAX_VAR_CHECK |
+                                DISSECT_IMAGE_FSCK |
+                                DISSECT_IMAGE_GROWFS,
+                                &mounted_dir,
+                                &rfd,
+                                &loop_device);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                arg_root = strdup(mounted_dir);
+                if (!arg_root)
+                        return log_oom();
+        } else {
+                rfd = open(empty_to_root(arg_root), O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC);
+                if (rfd < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open %s: %m", empty_to_root(arg_root));
+        }
+
+        LOG_SET_PREFIX(arg_image ?: arg_root);
+
+        /* We check these conditions here instead of in parse_argv() so that we can take the root directory
+         * into account. */
+
+        if (arg_keymap && !determine_keymap_validity_func(rfd)(arg_keymap))
+                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "Keymap %s is not installed.", arg_keymap);
+        if (arg_locale && !locale_is_ok(rfd, arg_locale))
+                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "Locale %s is not installed.", arg_locale);
+        if (arg_locale_messages && !locale_is_ok(rfd, arg_locale_messages))
+                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "Locale %s is not installed.", arg_locale_messages);
+
+        if (arg_root_shell) {
+                r = find_shell(rfd, arg_root_shell);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        r = process_reset(rfd);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = process_locale(rfd);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r > 0 && !offline)
+                (void) reload_system_manager(&bus);
+
+        r = process_keymap(rfd);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r > 0 && !offline)
+                (void) reload_vconsole(&bus);
+
+        r = process_timezone(rfd);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = process_hostname(rfd);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = process_machine_id(rfd);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = process_root_account(rfd);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = process_kernel_cmdline(rfd);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+DEFINE_MAIN_FUNCTION(run);
diff --git a/src/firstboot/meson.build b/src/firstboot/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28c1d27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/firstboot/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
+
+executables += [
+        executable_template + {
+                'name' : 'systemd-firstboot',
+                'public' : true,
+                'conditions' : ['ENABLE_FIRSTBOOT'],
+                'sources' : files('firstboot.c'),
+                'dependencies' : libcrypt,
+        },
+]