Adding upstream version 255.4.upstream/255.4

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 1436 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/libsystemd/sd-journal/journal-verify.c b/src/libsystemd/sd-journal/journal-verify.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bdaa01d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libsystemd/sd-journal/journal-verify.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1436 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "compress.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
+#include "journal-authenticate.h"
+#include "journal-def.h"
+#include "journal-file.h"
+#include "journal-verify.h"
+#include "lookup3.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "terminal-util.h"
+#include "tmpfile-util.h"
+
+static void draw_progress(uint64_t p, usec_t *last_usec) {
+        unsigned n, i, j, k;
+        usec_t z, x;
+
+        if (!on_tty())
+                return;
+
+        z = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
+        x = *last_usec;
+
+        if (x != 0 && x + 40 * USEC_PER_MSEC > z)
+                return;
+
+        *last_usec = z;
+
+        n = (3 * columns()) / 4;
+        j = (n * (unsigned) p) / 65535ULL;
+        k = n - j;
+
+        fputs("\r", stdout);
+        if (colors_enabled())
+                fputs("\x1B[?25l", stdout);
+
+        fputs(ansi_highlight_green(), stdout);
+
+        for (i = 0; i < j; i++)
+                fputs("\xe2\x96\x88", stdout);
+
+        fputs(ansi_normal(), stdout);
+
+        for (i = 0; i < k; i++)
+                fputs("\xe2\x96\x91", stdout);
+
+        printf(" %3"PRIu64"%%", 100U * p / 65535U);
+
+        fputs("\r", stdout);
+        if (colors_enabled())
+                fputs("\x1B[?25h", stdout);
+
+        fflush(stdout);
+}
+
+static uint64_t scale_progress(uint64_t scale, uint64_t p, uint64_t m) {
+        /* Calculates scale * p / m, but handles m == 0 safely, and saturates.
+         * Currently all callers use m >= 1, but we keep the check to be defensive.
+         */
+
+        if (p >= m || m == 0)
+                return scale;
+
+        return scale * p / m;
+}
+
+static void flush_progress(void) {
+        unsigned n, i;
+
+        if (!on_tty())
+                return;
+
+        n = (3 * columns()) / 4;
+
+        putchar('\r');
+
+        for (i = 0; i < n + 5; i++)
+                putchar(' ');
+
+        putchar('\r');
+        fflush(stdout);
+}
+
+#define debug(_offset, _fmt, ...) do {                                  \
+                flush_progress();                                       \
+                log_debug(OFSfmt": " _fmt, _offset, ##__VA_ARGS__);     \
+        } while (0)
+
+#define warning(_offset, _fmt, ...) do {                                \
+                flush_progress();                                       \
+                log_warning(OFSfmt": " _fmt, _offset, ##__VA_ARGS__);   \
+        } while (0)
+
+#define error(_offset, _fmt, ...) do {                                  \
+                flush_progress();                                       \
+                log_error(OFSfmt": " _fmt, (uint64_t)_offset, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+        } while (0)
+
+#define error_errno(_offset, error, _fmt, ...) do {               \
+                flush_progress();                                       \
+                log_error_errno(error, OFSfmt": " _fmt, (uint64_t)_offset, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+        } while (0)
+
+static int hash_payload(JournalFile *f, Object *o, uint64_t offset, const uint8_t *src, uint64_t size, uint64_t *res_hash) {
+        Compression c;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(o);
+        assert(src);
+        assert(res_hash);
+
+        c = COMPRESSION_FROM_OBJECT(o);
+        if (c < 0)
+                return -EBADMSG;
+        if (c != COMPRESSION_NONE) {
+                _cleanup_free_ void *b = NULL;
+                size_t b_size;
+
+                r = decompress_blob(c, src, size, &b, &b_size, 0);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        error_errno(offset, r, "%s decompression failed: %m",
+                                    compression_to_string(c));
+                        return r;
+                }
+
+                *res_hash = journal_file_hash_data(f, b, b_size);
+        } else
+                *res_hash = journal_file_hash_data(f, src, size);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int journal_file_object_verify(JournalFile *f, uint64_t offset, Object *o) {
+        assert(f);
+        assert(offset);
+        assert(o);
+
+        /* This does various superficial tests about the length an
+         * possible field values. It does not follow any references to
+         * other objects. */
+
+        if ((o->object.flags & _OBJECT_COMPRESSED_MASK) != 0 &&
+            o->object.type != OBJECT_DATA) {
+                error(offset,
+                      "Found compressed object of type %s that isn't of type data, which is not allowed.",
+                      journal_object_type_to_string(o->object.type));
+                return -EBADMSG;
+        }
+
+        switch (o->object.type) {
+
+        case OBJECT_DATA: {
+                uint64_t h1, h2;
+                int r;
+
+                if (le64toh(o->data.entry_offset) == 0)
+                        warning(offset, "Unused data (entry_offset==0)");
+
+                if ((le64toh(o->data.entry_offset) == 0) ^ (le64toh(o->data.n_entries) == 0)) {
+                        error(offset, "Bad n_entries: %"PRIu64, le64toh(o->data.n_entries));
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+                }
+
+                if (le64toh(o->object.size) - journal_file_data_payload_offset(f) <= 0) {
+                        error(offset, "Bad object size (<= %zu): %"PRIu64,
+                              journal_file_data_payload_offset(f),
+                              le64toh(o->object.size));
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+                }
+
+                h1 = le64toh(o->data.hash);
+                r = hash_payload(f, o, offset, journal_file_data_payload_field(f, o),
+                                 le64toh(o->object.size) - journal_file_data_payload_offset(f),
+                                 &h2);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (h1 != h2) {
+                        error(offset, "Invalid hash (%08" PRIx64 " vs. %08" PRIx64 ")", h1, h2);
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+                }
+
+                if (!VALID64(le64toh(o->data.next_hash_offset)) ||
+                    !VALID64(le64toh(o->data.next_field_offset)) ||
+                    !VALID64(le64toh(o->data.entry_offset)) ||
+                    !VALID64(le64toh(o->data.entry_array_offset))) {
+                        error(offset, "Invalid offset (next_hash_offset="OFSfmt", next_field_offset="OFSfmt", entry_offset="OFSfmt", entry_array_offset="OFSfmt,
+                              le64toh(o->data.next_hash_offset),
+                              le64toh(o->data.next_field_offset),
+                              le64toh(o->data.entry_offset),
+                              le64toh(o->data.entry_array_offset));
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+                }
+
+                break;
+        }
+
+        case OBJECT_FIELD: {
+                uint64_t h1, h2;
+                int r;
+
+                if (le64toh(o->object.size) - offsetof(Object, field.payload) <= 0) {
+                        error(offset,
+                              "Bad field size (<= %zu): %"PRIu64,
+                              offsetof(Object, field.payload),
+                              le64toh(o->object.size));
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+                }
+
+                h1 = le64toh(o->field.hash);
+                r = hash_payload(f, o, offset, o->field.payload,
+                                 le64toh(o->object.size) - offsetof(Object, field.payload),
+                                 &h2);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (h1 != h2) {
+                        error(offset, "Invalid hash (%08" PRIx64 " vs. %08" PRIx64 ")", h1, h2);
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+                }
+
+                if (!VALID64(le64toh(o->field.next_hash_offset)) ||
+                    !VALID64(le64toh(o->field.head_data_offset))) {
+                        error(offset,
+                              "Invalid offset (next_hash_offset="OFSfmt", head_data_offset="OFSfmt,
+                              le64toh(o->field.next_hash_offset),
+                              le64toh(o->field.head_data_offset));
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+                }
+                break;
+        }
+
+        case OBJECT_ENTRY:
+                if ((le64toh(o->object.size) - offsetof(Object, entry.items)) % journal_file_entry_item_size(f) != 0) {
+                        error(offset,
+                              "Bad entry size (<= %zu): %"PRIu64,
+                              offsetof(Object, entry.items),
+                              le64toh(o->object.size));
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+                }
+
+                if ((le64toh(o->object.size) - offsetof(Object, entry.items)) / journal_file_entry_item_size(f) <= 0) {
+                        error(offset,
+                              "Invalid number items in entry: %"PRIu64,
+                              (le64toh(o->object.size) - offsetof(Object, entry.items)) / journal_file_entry_item_size(f));
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+                }
+
+                if (le64toh(o->entry.seqnum) <= 0) {
+                        error(offset,
+                              "Invalid entry seqnum: %"PRIx64,
+                              le64toh(o->entry.seqnum));
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+                }
+
+                if (!VALID_REALTIME(le64toh(o->entry.realtime))) {
+                        error(offset,
+                              "Invalid entry realtime timestamp: %"PRIu64,
+                              le64toh(o->entry.realtime));
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+                }
+
+                if (!VALID_MONOTONIC(le64toh(o->entry.monotonic))) {
+                        error(offset,
+                              "Invalid entry monotonic timestamp: %"PRIu64,
+                              le64toh(o->entry.monotonic));
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+                }
+
+                for (uint64_t i = 0; i < journal_file_entry_n_items(f, o); i++) {
+                        if (journal_file_entry_item_object_offset(f, o, i) == 0 ||
+                            !VALID64(journal_file_entry_item_object_offset(f, o, i))) {
+                                error(offset,
+                                      "Invalid entry item (%"PRIu64"/%"PRIu64") offset: "OFSfmt,
+                                      i, journal_file_entry_n_items(f, o),
+                                      journal_file_entry_item_object_offset(f, o, i));
+                                return -EBADMSG;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                break;
+
+        case OBJECT_DATA_HASH_TABLE:
+        case OBJECT_FIELD_HASH_TABLE:
+                if ((le64toh(o->object.size) - offsetof(Object, hash_table.items)) % sizeof(HashItem) != 0 ||
+                    (le64toh(o->object.size) - offsetof(Object, hash_table.items)) / sizeof(HashItem) <= 0) {
+                        error(offset,
+                              "Invalid %s size: %"PRIu64,
+                              journal_object_type_to_string(o->object.type),
+                              le64toh(o->object.size));
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+                }
+
+                for (uint64_t i = 0; i < journal_file_hash_table_n_items(o); i++) {
+                        if (o->hash_table.items[i].head_hash_offset != 0 &&
+                            !VALID64(le64toh(o->hash_table.items[i].head_hash_offset))) {
+                                error(offset,
+                                      "Invalid %s hash table item (%"PRIu64"/%"PRIu64") head_hash_offset: "OFSfmt,
+                                      journal_object_type_to_string(o->object.type),
+                                      i, journal_file_hash_table_n_items(o),
+                                      le64toh(o->hash_table.items[i].head_hash_offset));
+                                return -EBADMSG;
+                        }
+                        if (o->hash_table.items[i].tail_hash_offset != 0 &&
+                            !VALID64(le64toh(o->hash_table.items[i].tail_hash_offset))) {
+                                error(offset,
+                                      "Invalid %s hash table item (%"PRIu64"/%"PRIu64") tail_hash_offset: "OFSfmt,
+                                      journal_object_type_to_string(o->object.type),
+                                      i, journal_file_hash_table_n_items(o),
+                                      le64toh(o->hash_table.items[i].tail_hash_offset));
+                                return -EBADMSG;
+                        }
+
+                        if ((o->hash_table.items[i].head_hash_offset != 0) !=
+                            (o->hash_table.items[i].tail_hash_offset != 0)) {
+                                error(offset,
+                                      "Invalid %s hash table item (%"PRIu64"/%"PRIu64"): head_hash_offset="OFSfmt" tail_hash_offset="OFSfmt,
+                                      journal_object_type_to_string(o->object.type),
+                                      i, journal_file_hash_table_n_items(o),
+                                      le64toh(o->hash_table.items[i].head_hash_offset),
+                                      le64toh(o->hash_table.items[i].tail_hash_offset));
+                                return -EBADMSG;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                break;
+
+        case OBJECT_ENTRY_ARRAY:
+                if ((le64toh(o->object.size) - offsetof(Object, entry_array.items)) % journal_file_entry_array_item_size(f) != 0 ||
+                    (le64toh(o->object.size) - offsetof(Object, entry_array.items)) / journal_file_entry_array_item_size(f) <= 0) {
+                        error(offset,
+                              "Invalid object entry array size: %"PRIu64,
+                              le64toh(o->object.size));
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+                }
+
+                if (!VALID64(le64toh(o->entry_array.next_entry_array_offset))) {
+                        error(offset,
+                              "Invalid object entry array next_entry_array_offset: "OFSfmt,
+                              le64toh(o->entry_array.next_entry_array_offset));
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+                }
+
+                for (uint64_t i = 0; i < journal_file_entry_array_n_items(f, o); i++) {
+                        uint64_t q = journal_file_entry_array_item(f, o, i);
+                        if (q != 0 && !VALID64(q)) {
+                                error(offset,
+                                      "Invalid object entry array item (%"PRIu64"/%"PRIu64"): "OFSfmt,
+                                      i, journal_file_entry_array_n_items(f, o), q);
+                                return -EBADMSG;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                break;
+
+        case OBJECT_TAG:
+                if (le64toh(o->object.size) != sizeof(TagObject)) {
+                        error(offset,
+                              "Invalid object tag size: %"PRIu64,
+                              le64toh(o->object.size));
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+                }
+
+                if (!VALID_EPOCH(le64toh(o->tag.epoch))) {
+                        error(offset,
+                              "Invalid object tag epoch: %"PRIu64,
+                              le64toh(o->tag.epoch));
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+                }
+
+                break;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int write_uint64(FILE *fp, uint64_t p) {
+        if (fwrite(&p, sizeof(p), 1, fp) != 1)
+                return -EIO;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int contains_uint64(MMapFileDescriptor *f, uint64_t n, uint64_t p) {
+        uint64_t a, b;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(f);
+
+        /* Bisection ... */
+
+        a = 0; b = n;
+        while (a < b) {
+                uint64_t c, *z;
+
+                c = (a + b) / 2;
+
+                r = mmap_cache_fd_get(f, 0, false, c * sizeof(uint64_t), sizeof(uint64_t), NULL, (void **) &z);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (*z == p)
+                        return 1;
+
+                if (a + 1 >= b)
+                        return 0;
+
+                if (p < *z)
+                        b = c;
+                else
+                        a = c;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int verify_data(
+                JournalFile *f,
+                Object *o, uint64_t p,
+                MMapFileDescriptor *cache_entry_fd, uint64_t n_entries,
+                MMapFileDescriptor *cache_entry_array_fd, uint64_t n_entry_arrays) {
+
+        uint64_t i, n, a, last, q;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(f);
+        assert(o);
+        assert(cache_entry_fd);
+        assert(cache_entry_array_fd);
+
+        n = le64toh(o->data.n_entries);
+        a = le64toh(o->data.entry_array_offset);
+
+        /* Entry array means at least two objects */
+        if (a && n < 2) {
+                error(p, "Entry array present (entry_array_offset="OFSfmt", but n_entries=%"PRIu64")", a, n);
+                return -EBADMSG;
+        }
+
+        if (n == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        /* We already checked that earlier */
+        assert(o->data.entry_offset);
+
+        last = q = le64toh(o->data.entry_offset);
+        if (!contains_uint64(cache_entry_fd, n_entries, q)) {
+                error(p, "Data object references invalid entry at "OFSfmt, q);
+                return -EBADMSG;
+        }
+
+        r = journal_file_move_to_entry_by_offset(f, q, DIRECTION_DOWN, NULL, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0) {
+                error(q, "Entry object doesn't exist in the main entry array");
+                return -EBADMSG;
+        }
+
+        i = 1;
+        while (i < n) {
+                uint64_t next, m, j;
+
+                if (a == 0) {
+                        error(p, "Array chain too short");
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+                }
+
+                if (!contains_uint64(cache_entry_array_fd, n_entry_arrays, a)) {
+                        error(p, "Invalid array offset "OFSfmt, a);
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+                }
+
+                r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_ENTRY_ARRAY, a, &o);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                next = le64toh(o->entry_array.next_entry_array_offset);
+                if (next != 0 && next <= a) {
+                        error(p, "Array chain has cycle (jumps back from "OFSfmt" to "OFSfmt")", a, next);
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+                }
+
+                m = journal_file_entry_array_n_items(f, o);
+                for (j = 0; i < n && j < m; i++, j++) {
+
+                        q = journal_file_entry_array_item(f, o, j);
+                        if (q <= last) {
+                                error(p, "Data object's entry array not sorted (%"PRIu64" <= %"PRIu64")", q, last);
+                                return -EBADMSG;
+                        }
+                        last = q;
+
+                        if (!contains_uint64(cache_entry_fd, n_entries, q)) {
+                                error(p, "Data object references invalid entry at "OFSfmt, q);
+                                return -EBADMSG;
+                        }
+
+                        r = journal_file_move_to_entry_by_offset(f, q, DIRECTION_DOWN, NULL, NULL);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        if (r == 0) {
+                                error(q, "Entry object doesn't exist in the main entry array");
+                                return -EBADMSG;
+                        }
+
+                        /* Pointer might have moved, reposition */
+                        r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_ENTRY_ARRAY, a, &o);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+
+                a = next;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int verify_data_hash_table(
+                JournalFile *f,
+                MMapFileDescriptor *cache_data_fd, uint64_t n_data,
+                MMapFileDescriptor *cache_entry_fd, uint64_t n_entries,
+                MMapFileDescriptor *cache_entry_array_fd, uint64_t n_entry_arrays,
+                usec_t *last_usec,
+                bool show_progress) {
+
+        uint64_t i, n;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(f);
+        assert(cache_data_fd);
+        assert(cache_entry_fd);
+        assert(cache_entry_array_fd);
+        assert(last_usec);
+
+        n = le64toh(f->header->data_hash_table_size) / sizeof(HashItem);
+        if (n <= 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = journal_file_map_data_hash_table(f);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to map data hash table: %m");
+
+        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                uint64_t last = 0, p;
+
+                if (show_progress)
+                        draw_progress(0xC000 + scale_progress(0x3FFF, i, n), last_usec);
+
+                p = le64toh(f->data_hash_table[i].head_hash_offset);
+                while (p != 0) {
+                        Object *o;
+                        uint64_t next;
+
+                        if (!contains_uint64(cache_data_fd, n_data, p)) {
+                                error(p, "Invalid data object at hash entry %"PRIu64" of %"PRIu64, i, n);
+                                return -EBADMSG;
+                        }
+
+                        r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_DATA, p, &o);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        next = le64toh(o->data.next_hash_offset);
+                        if (next != 0 && next <= p) {
+                                error(p, "Hash chain has a cycle in hash entry %"PRIu64" of %"PRIu64, i, n);
+                                return -EBADMSG;
+                        }
+
+                        if (le64toh(o->data.hash) % n != i) {
+                                error(p, "Hash value mismatch in hash entry %"PRIu64" of %"PRIu64, i, n);
+                                return -EBADMSG;
+                        }
+
+                        r = verify_data(f, o, p, cache_entry_fd, n_entries, cache_entry_array_fd, n_entry_arrays);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        last = p;
+                        p = next;
+                }
+
+                if (last != le64toh(f->data_hash_table[i].tail_hash_offset)) {
+                        error(p,
+                              "Tail hash pointer mismatch in hash table (%"PRIu64" != %"PRIu64")",
+                              last,
+                              le64toh(f->data_hash_table[i].tail_hash_offset));
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int data_object_in_hash_table(JournalFile *f, uint64_t hash, uint64_t p) {
+        uint64_t n, h, q;
+        int r;
+        assert(f);
+
+        n = le64toh(f->header->data_hash_table_size) / sizeof(HashItem);
+        if (n <= 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = journal_file_map_data_hash_table(f);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to map data hash table: %m");
+
+        h = hash % n;
+
+        q = le64toh(f->data_hash_table[h].head_hash_offset);
+        while (q != 0) {
+                Object *o;
+
+                if (p == q)
+                        return 1;
+
+                r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_DATA, q, &o);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                q = le64toh(o->data.next_hash_offset);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int verify_entry(
+                JournalFile *f,
+                Object *o, uint64_t p,
+                MMapFileDescriptor *cache_data_fd, uint64_t n_data,
+                bool last) {
+
+        uint64_t i, n;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(f);
+        assert(o);
+        assert(cache_data_fd);
+
+        n = journal_file_entry_n_items(f, o);
+        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                uint64_t q;
+                Object *u;
+
+                q = journal_file_entry_item_object_offset(f, o, i);
+
+                if (!contains_uint64(cache_data_fd, n_data, q)) {
+                        error(p, "Invalid data object of entry");
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+                }
+
+                r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_DATA, q, &u);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = data_object_in_hash_table(f, le64toh(u->data.hash), q);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0) {
+                        error(p, "Data object missing from hash table");
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+                }
+
+                /* Pointer might have moved, reposition */
+                r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_DATA, q, &u);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = journal_file_move_to_entry_by_offset_for_data(f, u, p, DIRECTION_DOWN, NULL, NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                /* The last entry object has a very high chance of not being referenced as journal files
+                 * almost always run out of space during linking of entry items when trying to add a new
+                 * entry array so let's not error in that scenario. */
+                if (r == 0 && !last) {
+                        error(p, "Entry object not referenced by linked data object at "OFSfmt, q);
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int verify_entry_array(
+                JournalFile *f,
+                MMapFileDescriptor *cache_data_fd, uint64_t n_data,
+                MMapFileDescriptor *cache_entry_fd, uint64_t n_entries,
+                MMapFileDescriptor *cache_entry_array_fd, uint64_t n_entry_arrays,
+                usec_t *last_usec,
+                bool show_progress) {
+
+        uint64_t i = 0, a, n, last = 0;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(f);
+        assert(cache_data_fd);
+        assert(cache_entry_fd);
+        assert(cache_entry_array_fd);
+        assert(last_usec);
+
+        n = le64toh(f->header->n_entries);
+        a = le64toh(f->header->entry_array_offset);
+        while (i < n) {
+                uint64_t next, m, j;
+                Object *o;
+
+                if (show_progress)
+                        draw_progress(0x8000 + scale_progress(0x3FFF, i, n), last_usec);
+
+                if (a == 0) {
+                        error(a, "Array chain too short at %"PRIu64" of %"PRIu64, i, n);
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+                }
+
+                if (!contains_uint64(cache_entry_array_fd, n_entry_arrays, a)) {
+                        error(a, "Invalid array %"PRIu64" of %"PRIu64, i, n);
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+                }
+
+                r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_ENTRY_ARRAY, a, &o);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                next = le64toh(o->entry_array.next_entry_array_offset);
+                if (next != 0 && next <= a) {
+                        error(a, "Array chain has cycle at %"PRIu64" of %"PRIu64" (jumps back from to "OFSfmt")", i, n, next);
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+                }
+
+                m = journal_file_entry_array_n_items(f, o);
+                for (j = 0; i < n && j < m; i++, j++) {
+                        uint64_t p;
+
+                        p = journal_file_entry_array_item(f, o, j);
+                        if (p <= last) {
+                                error(a, "Entry array not sorted at %"PRIu64" of %"PRIu64, i, n);
+                                return -EBADMSG;
+                        }
+                        last = p;
+
+                        if (!contains_uint64(cache_entry_fd, n_entries, p)) {
+                                error(a, "Invalid array entry at %"PRIu64" of %"PRIu64, i, n);
+                                return -EBADMSG;
+                        }
+
+                        r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_ENTRY, p, &o);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        r = verify_entry(f, o, p, cache_data_fd, n_data, /*last=*/ i + 1 == n);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        /* Pointer might have moved, reposition */
+                        r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_ENTRY_ARRAY, a, &o);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+
+                a = next;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int verify_hash_table(
+                Object *o, uint64_t p, uint64_t *n_hash_tables, uint64_t header_offset, uint64_t header_size) {
+
+        assert(o);
+        assert(n_hash_tables);
+
+        if (*n_hash_tables > 1) {
+                error(p,
+                      "More than one %s: %" PRIu64,
+                      journal_object_type_to_string(o->object.type),
+                      *n_hash_tables);
+                return -EBADMSG;
+        }
+
+        if (header_offset != p + offsetof(Object, hash_table.items)) {
+                error(p,
+                      "Header offset for %s invalid (%" PRIu64 " != %" PRIu64 ")",
+                      journal_object_type_to_string(o->object.type),
+                      header_offset,
+                      p + offsetof(Object, hash_table.items));
+                return -EBADMSG;
+        }
+
+        if (header_size != le64toh(o->object.size) - offsetof(Object, hash_table.items)) {
+                error(p,
+                      "Header size for %s invalid (%" PRIu64 " != %" PRIu64 ")",
+                      journal_object_type_to_string(o->object.type),
+                      header_size,
+                      le64toh(o->object.size) - offsetof(Object, hash_table.items));
+                return -EBADMSG;
+        }
+
+        (*n_hash_tables)++;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int journal_file_verify(
+                JournalFile *f,
+                const char *key,
+                usec_t *first_contained, usec_t *last_validated, usec_t *last_contained,
+                bool show_progress) {
+        int r;
+        Object *o;
+        uint64_t p = 0, last_epoch = 0, last_tag_realtime = 0;
+
+        uint64_t entry_seqnum = 0, entry_monotonic = 0, entry_realtime = 0;
+        usec_t min_entry_realtime = USEC_INFINITY, max_entry_realtime = 0;
+        sd_id128_t entry_boot_id = {};  /* Unnecessary initialization to appease gcc */
+        bool entry_seqnum_set = false, entry_monotonic_set = false, entry_realtime_set = false, found_main_entry_array = false;
+        uint64_t n_objects = 0, n_entries = 0, n_data = 0, n_fields = 0, n_data_hash_tables = 0, n_field_hash_tables = 0, n_entry_arrays = 0, n_tags = 0;
+        usec_t last_usec = 0;
+        _cleanup_close_ int data_fd = -EBADF, entry_fd = -EBADF, entry_array_fd = -EBADF;
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *data_fp = NULL, *entry_fp = NULL, *entry_array_fp = NULL;
+        MMapFileDescriptor *cache_data_fd = NULL, *cache_entry_fd = NULL, *cache_entry_array_fd = NULL;
+        unsigned i;
+        bool found_last = false;
+        const char *tmp_dir = NULL;
+        MMapCache *m;
+
+#if HAVE_GCRYPT
+        uint64_t last_tag = 0;
+#endif
+        assert(f);
+
+        if (key) {
+#if HAVE_GCRYPT
+                r = journal_file_parse_verification_key(f, key);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error("Failed to parse seed.");
+                        return r;
+                }
+#else
+                return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+#endif
+        } else if (JOURNAL_HEADER_SEALED(f->header))
+                return -ENOKEY;
+
+        r = var_tmp_dir(&tmp_dir);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to determine temporary directory: %m");
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        data_fd = open_tmpfile_unlinkable(tmp_dir, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC);
+        if (data_fd < 0) {
+                r = log_error_errno(data_fd, "Failed to create data file: %m");
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        entry_fd = open_tmpfile_unlinkable(tmp_dir, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC);
+        if (entry_fd < 0) {
+                r = log_error_errno(entry_fd, "Failed to create entry file: %m");
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        entry_array_fd = open_tmpfile_unlinkable(tmp_dir, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC);
+        if (entry_array_fd < 0) {
+                r = log_error_errno(entry_array_fd,
+                                    "Failed to create entry array file: %m");
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        m = mmap_cache_fd_cache(f->cache_fd);
+        r = mmap_cache_add_fd(m, data_fd, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, &cache_data_fd);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to cache data file: %m");
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        r = mmap_cache_add_fd(m, entry_fd, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, &cache_entry_fd);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to cache entry file: %m");
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        r = mmap_cache_add_fd(m, entry_array_fd, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, &cache_entry_array_fd);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to cache entry array file: %m");
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        r = take_fdopen_unlocked(&data_fd, "w+", &data_fp);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to open data file stream: %m");
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        r = take_fdopen_unlocked(&entry_fd, "w+", &entry_fp);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to open entry file stream: %m");
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        r = take_fdopen_unlocked(&entry_array_fd, "w+", &entry_array_fp);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to open entry array file stream: %m");
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if (le32toh(f->header->compatible_flags) & ~HEADER_COMPATIBLE_SUPPORTED) {
+                log_error("Cannot verify file with unknown extensions.");
+                r = -EOPNOTSUPP;
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        for (i = 0; i < sizeof(f->header->reserved); i++)
+                if (f->header->reserved[i] != 0) {
+                        error(offsetof(Header, reserved[i]), "Reserved field is non-zero");
+                        r = -EBADMSG;
+                        goto fail;
+                }
+
+        if (JOURNAL_HEADER_SEALED(f->header) && !JOURNAL_HEADER_SEALED_CONTINUOUS(f->header))
+                warning(p,
+                        "This log file was sealed with an old journald version where the sequence of seals might not be continuous. We cannot guarantee completeness.");
+
+        /* First iteration: we go through all objects, verify the
+         * superficial structure, headers, hashes. */
+
+        p = le64toh(f->header->header_size);
+        for (;;) {
+                /* Early exit if there are no objects in the file, at all */
+                if (le64toh(f->header->tail_object_offset) == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                if (show_progress)
+                        draw_progress(scale_progress(0x7FFF, p, le64toh(f->header->tail_object_offset)), &last_usec);
+
+                r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_UNUSED, p, &o);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        error_errno(p, r, "Invalid object: %m");
+                        goto fail;
+                }
+
+                if (p > le64toh(f->header->tail_object_offset)) {
+                        error(offsetof(Header, tail_object_offset),
+                              "Invalid tail object pointer (%"PRIu64" > %"PRIu64")",
+                              p,
+                              le64toh(f->header->tail_object_offset));
+                        r = -EBADMSG;
+                        goto fail;
+                }
+
+                n_objects++;
+
+                r = journal_file_object_verify(f, p, o);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        error_errno(p, r, "Invalid object contents: %m");
+                        goto fail;
+                }
+
+                if (!!(o->object.flags & OBJECT_COMPRESSED_XZ) +
+                    !!(o->object.flags & OBJECT_COMPRESSED_LZ4) +
+                    !!(o->object.flags & OBJECT_COMPRESSED_ZSTD) > 1) {
+                        error(p, "Object has multiple compression flags set (flags: 0x%x)", o->object.flags);
+                        r = -EINVAL;
+                        goto fail;
+                }
+
+                if ((o->object.flags & OBJECT_COMPRESSED_XZ) && !JOURNAL_HEADER_COMPRESSED_XZ(f->header)) {
+                        error(p, "XZ compressed object in file without XZ compression");
+                        r = -EBADMSG;
+                        goto fail;
+                }
+
+                if ((o->object.flags & OBJECT_COMPRESSED_LZ4) && !JOURNAL_HEADER_COMPRESSED_LZ4(f->header)) {
+                        error(p, "LZ4 compressed object in file without LZ4 compression");
+                        r = -EBADMSG;
+                        goto fail;
+                }
+
+                if ((o->object.flags & OBJECT_COMPRESSED_ZSTD) && !JOURNAL_HEADER_COMPRESSED_ZSTD(f->header)) {
+                        error(p, "ZSTD compressed object in file without ZSTD compression");
+                        r = -EBADMSG;
+                        goto fail;
+                }
+
+                switch (o->object.type) {
+
+                case OBJECT_DATA:
+                        r = write_uint64(data_fp, p);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                goto fail;
+
+                        n_data++;
+                        break;
+
+                case OBJECT_FIELD:
+                        n_fields++;
+                        break;
+
+                case OBJECT_ENTRY:
+                        if (JOURNAL_HEADER_SEALED(f->header) && n_tags <= 0) {
+                                error(p, "First entry before first tag");
+                                r = -EBADMSG;
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+
+                        r = write_uint64(entry_fp, p);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                goto fail;
+
+                        if (le64toh(o->entry.realtime) < last_tag_realtime) {
+                                error(p,
+                                      "Older entry after newer tag (%"PRIu64" < %"PRIu64")",
+                                      le64toh(o->entry.realtime),
+                                      last_tag_realtime);
+                                r = -EBADMSG;
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+
+                        if (!entry_seqnum_set &&
+                            le64toh(o->entry.seqnum) != le64toh(f->header->head_entry_seqnum)) {
+                                error(p,
+                                      "Head entry sequence number incorrect (%"PRIu64" != %"PRIu64")",
+                                      le64toh(o->entry.seqnum),
+                                      le64toh(f->header->head_entry_seqnum));
+                                r = -EBADMSG;
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+
+                        if (entry_seqnum_set &&
+                            entry_seqnum >= le64toh(o->entry.seqnum)) {
+                                error(p,
+                                      "Entry sequence number out of synchronization (%"PRIu64" >= %"PRIu64")",
+                                      entry_seqnum,
+                                      le64toh(o->entry.seqnum));
+                                r = -EBADMSG;
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+
+                        entry_seqnum = le64toh(o->entry.seqnum);
+                        entry_seqnum_set = true;
+
+                        if (entry_monotonic_set &&
+                            sd_id128_equal(entry_boot_id, o->entry.boot_id) &&
+                            entry_monotonic > le64toh(o->entry.monotonic)) {
+                                error(p,
+                                      "Entry timestamp out of synchronization (%"PRIu64" > %"PRIu64")",
+                                      entry_monotonic,
+                                      le64toh(o->entry.monotonic));
+                                r = -EBADMSG;
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+
+                        entry_monotonic = le64toh(o->entry.monotonic);
+                        entry_boot_id = o->entry.boot_id;
+                        entry_monotonic_set = true;
+
+                        if (!entry_realtime_set &&
+                            le64toh(o->entry.realtime) != le64toh(f->header->head_entry_realtime)) {
+                                error(p,
+                                      "Head entry realtime timestamp incorrect (%"PRIu64" != %"PRIu64")",
+                                      le64toh(o->entry.realtime),
+                                      le64toh(f->header->head_entry_realtime));
+                                r = -EBADMSG;
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+
+                        entry_realtime = le64toh(o->entry.realtime);
+                        entry_realtime_set = true;
+
+                        max_entry_realtime = MAX(max_entry_realtime, le64toh(o->entry.realtime));
+                        min_entry_realtime = MIN(min_entry_realtime, le64toh(o->entry.realtime));
+
+                        n_entries++;
+                        break;
+
+                case OBJECT_DATA_HASH_TABLE:
+                        r = verify_hash_table(o, p, &n_data_hash_tables,
+                                              le64toh(f->header->data_hash_table_offset),
+                                              le64toh(f->header->data_hash_table_size));
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                goto fail;
+                        break;
+
+                case OBJECT_FIELD_HASH_TABLE:
+                        r = verify_hash_table(o, p, &n_field_hash_tables,
+                                              le64toh(f->header->field_hash_table_offset),
+                                              le64toh(f->header->field_hash_table_size));
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                goto fail;
+
+                        break;
+
+                case OBJECT_ENTRY_ARRAY:
+                        r = write_uint64(entry_array_fp, p);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                goto fail;
+
+                        if (p == le64toh(f->header->entry_array_offset)) {
+                                if (found_main_entry_array) {
+                                        error(p, "More than one main entry array");
+                                        r = -EBADMSG;
+                                        goto fail;
+                                }
+
+                                found_main_entry_array = true;
+                        }
+
+                        n_entry_arrays++;
+                        break;
+
+                case OBJECT_TAG:
+                        if (!JOURNAL_HEADER_SEALED(f->header)) {
+                                error(p, "Tag object in file without sealing");
+                                r = -EBADMSG;
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+
+                        if (le64toh(o->tag.seqnum) != n_tags + 1) {
+                                error(p,
+                                      "Tag sequence number out of synchronization (%"PRIu64" != %"PRIu64")",
+                                      le64toh(o->tag.seqnum),
+                                      n_tags + 1);
+                                r = -EBADMSG;
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+
+                        if (JOURNAL_HEADER_SEALED_CONTINUOUS(f->header)) {
+                                if (!(n_tags == 0 || (n_tags == 1 && le64toh(o->tag.epoch) == last_epoch)
+                                      || le64toh(o->tag.epoch) == last_epoch + 1)) {
+                                        error(p,
+                                              "Epoch sequence not continuous (%"PRIu64" vs %"PRIu64")",
+                                              le64toh(o->tag.epoch),
+                                              last_epoch);
+                                        r = -EBADMSG;
+                                        goto fail;
+                                }
+                        } else {
+                                if (le64toh(o->tag.epoch) < last_epoch) {
+                                        error(p,
+                                              "Epoch sequence out of synchronization (%"PRIu64" < %"PRIu64")",
+                                              le64toh(o->tag.epoch),
+                                              last_epoch);
+                                        r = -EBADMSG;
+                                        goto fail;
+                                }
+                        }
+
+#if HAVE_GCRYPT
+                        if (JOURNAL_HEADER_SEALED(f->header)) {
+                                uint64_t q, rt, rt_end;
+
+                                debug(p, "Checking tag %"PRIu64"...", le64toh(o->tag.seqnum));
+
+                                rt = f->fss_start_usec + le64toh(o->tag.epoch) * f->fss_interval_usec;
+                                rt_end = usec_add(rt, f->fss_interval_usec);
+                                if (entry_realtime_set && entry_realtime >= rt_end) {
+                                        error(p,
+                                              "tag/entry realtime timestamp out of synchronization (%"PRIu64" >= %"PRIu64")",
+                                              entry_realtime,
+                                              rt + f->fss_interval_usec);
+                                        r = -EBADMSG;
+                                        goto fail;
+                                }
+                                if (max_entry_realtime >= rt_end) {
+                                        error(p,
+                                              "Entry realtime (%"PRIu64", %s) is too late with respect to tag (%"PRIu64", %s)",
+                                              max_entry_realtime, FORMAT_TIMESTAMP(max_entry_realtime),
+                                              rt_end, FORMAT_TIMESTAMP(rt_end));
+                                        r = -EBADMSG;
+                                        goto fail;
+                                }
+                                if (min_entry_realtime < rt) {
+                                        error(p,
+                                              "Entry realtime (%"PRIu64", %s) is too early with respect to tag (%"PRIu64", %s)",
+                                              min_entry_realtime, FORMAT_TIMESTAMP(min_entry_realtime),
+                                              rt, FORMAT_TIMESTAMP(rt));
+                                        r = -EBADMSG;
+                                        goto fail;
+                                }
+                                min_entry_realtime = USEC_INFINITY;
+
+                                /* OK, now we know the epoch. So let's now set
+                                 * it, and calculate the HMAC for everything
+                                 * since the last tag. */
+                                r = journal_file_fsprg_seek(f, le64toh(o->tag.epoch));
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        goto fail;
+
+                                r = journal_file_hmac_start(f);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        goto fail;
+
+                                if (last_tag == 0) {
+                                        r = journal_file_hmac_put_header(f);
+                                        if (r < 0)
+                                                goto fail;
+
+                                        q = le64toh(f->header->header_size);
+                                } else
+                                        q = last_tag;
+
+                                while (q <= p) {
+                                        r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_UNUSED, q, &o);
+                                        if (r < 0)
+                                                goto fail;
+
+                                        r = journal_file_hmac_put_object(f, OBJECT_UNUSED, o, q);
+                                        if (r < 0)
+                                                goto fail;
+
+                                        q = q + ALIGN64(le64toh(o->object.size));
+                                }
+
+                                /* Position might have changed, let's reposition things */
+                                r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_UNUSED, p, &o);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        goto fail;
+
+                                if (memcmp(o->tag.tag, gcry_md_read(f->hmac, 0), TAG_LENGTH) != 0) {
+                                        error(p, "Tag failed verification");
+                                        r = -EBADMSG;
+                                        goto fail;
+                                }
+
+                                f->hmac_running = false;
+                                last_tag_realtime = rt;
+                        }
+
+                        last_tag = p + ALIGN64(le64toh(o->object.size));
+#endif
+
+                        last_epoch = le64toh(o->tag.epoch);
+
+                        n_tags++;
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                if (p == le64toh(f->header->tail_object_offset)) {
+                        found_last = true;
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                p = p + ALIGN64(le64toh(o->object.size));
+        };
+
+        if (!found_last && le64toh(f->header->tail_object_offset) != 0) {
+                error(le64toh(f->header->tail_object_offset),
+                      "Tail object pointer dead (%"PRIu64" != 0)",
+                      le64toh(f->header->tail_object_offset));
+                r = -EBADMSG;
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if (n_objects != le64toh(f->header->n_objects)) {
+                error(offsetof(Header, n_objects),
+                      "Object number mismatch (%"PRIu64" != %"PRIu64")",
+                      n_objects,
+                      le64toh(f->header->n_objects));
+                r = -EBADMSG;
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if (n_entries != le64toh(f->header->n_entries)) {
+                error(offsetof(Header, n_entries),
+                      "Entry number mismatch (%"PRIu64" != %"PRIu64")",
+                      n_entries,
+                      le64toh(f->header->n_entries));
+                r = -EBADMSG;
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if (JOURNAL_HEADER_CONTAINS(f->header, n_data) &&
+            n_data != le64toh(f->header->n_data)) {
+                error(offsetof(Header, n_data),
+                      "Data number mismatch (%"PRIu64" != %"PRIu64")",
+                      n_data,
+                      le64toh(f->header->n_data));
+                r = -EBADMSG;
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if (JOURNAL_HEADER_CONTAINS(f->header, n_fields) &&
+            n_fields != le64toh(f->header->n_fields)) {
+                error(offsetof(Header, n_fields),
+                      "Field number mismatch (%"PRIu64" != %"PRIu64")",
+                      n_fields,
+                      le64toh(f->header->n_fields));
+                r = -EBADMSG;
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if (JOURNAL_HEADER_CONTAINS(f->header, n_tags) &&
+            n_tags != le64toh(f->header->n_tags)) {
+                error(offsetof(Header, n_tags),
+                      "Tag number mismatch (%"PRIu64" != %"PRIu64")",
+                      n_tags,
+                      le64toh(f->header->n_tags));
+                r = -EBADMSG;
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if (JOURNAL_HEADER_CONTAINS(f->header, n_entry_arrays) &&
+            n_entry_arrays != le64toh(f->header->n_entry_arrays)) {
+                error(offsetof(Header, n_entry_arrays),
+                      "Entry array number mismatch (%"PRIu64" != %"PRIu64")",
+                      n_entry_arrays,
+                      le64toh(f->header->n_entry_arrays));
+                r = -EBADMSG;
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if (!found_main_entry_array && le64toh(f->header->entry_array_offset) != 0) {
+                error(0, "Missing main entry array");
+                r = -EBADMSG;
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if (entry_seqnum_set &&
+            entry_seqnum != le64toh(f->header->tail_entry_seqnum)) {
+                error(offsetof(Header, tail_entry_seqnum),
+                      "Tail entry sequence number incorrect (%"PRIu64" != %"PRIu64")",
+                      entry_seqnum,
+                      le64toh(f->header->tail_entry_seqnum));
+                r = -EBADMSG;
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if (entry_monotonic_set &&
+            (sd_id128_equal(entry_boot_id, f->header->tail_entry_boot_id) &&
+             JOURNAL_HEADER_TAIL_ENTRY_BOOT_ID(f->header) &&
+             entry_monotonic != le64toh(f->header->tail_entry_monotonic))) {
+                error(0,
+                      "Invalid tail monotonic timestamp (%"PRIu64" != %"PRIu64")",
+                      entry_monotonic,
+                      le64toh(f->header->tail_entry_monotonic));
+                r = -EBADMSG;
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if (entry_realtime_set && entry_realtime != le64toh(f->header->tail_entry_realtime)) {
+                error(0,
+                      "Invalid tail realtime timestamp (%"PRIu64" != %"PRIu64")",
+                      entry_realtime,
+                      le64toh(f->header->tail_entry_realtime));
+                r = -EBADMSG;
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if (fflush(data_fp) != 0) {
+                r = log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to flush data file stream: %m");
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if (fflush(entry_fp) != 0) {
+                r = log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to flush entry file stream: %m");
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if (fflush(entry_array_fp) != 0) {
+                r = log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to flush entry array file stream: %m");
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        /* Second iteration: we follow all objects referenced from the
+         * two entry points: the object hash table and the entry
+         * array. We also check that everything referenced (directly
+         * or indirectly) in the data hash table also exists in the
+         * entry array, and vice versa. Note that we do not care for
+         * unreferenced objects. We only care that everything that is
+         * referenced is consistent. */
+
+        r = verify_entry_array(f,
+                               cache_data_fd, n_data,
+                               cache_entry_fd, n_entries,
+                               cache_entry_array_fd, n_entry_arrays,
+                               &last_usec,
+                               show_progress);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto fail;
+
+        r = verify_data_hash_table(f,
+                                   cache_data_fd, n_data,
+                                   cache_entry_fd, n_entries,
+                                   cache_entry_array_fd, n_entry_arrays,
+                                   &last_usec,
+                                   show_progress);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto fail;
+
+        if (show_progress)
+                flush_progress();
+
+        mmap_cache_fd_free(cache_data_fd);
+        mmap_cache_fd_free(cache_entry_fd);
+        mmap_cache_fd_free(cache_entry_array_fd);
+
+        if (first_contained)
+                *first_contained = le64toh(f->header->head_entry_realtime);
+#if HAVE_GCRYPT
+        if (last_validated)
+                *last_validated = last_tag_realtime + f->fss_interval_usec;
+#endif
+        if (last_contained)
+                *last_contained = le64toh(f->header->tail_entry_realtime);
+
+        return 0;
+
+fail:
+        if (show_progress)
+                flush_progress();
+
+        log_error("File corruption detected at %s:%"PRIu64" (of %"PRIu64" bytes, %"PRIu64"%%).",
+                  f->path,
+                  p,
+                  (uint64_t) f->last_stat.st_size,
+                  100U * p / (uint64_t) f->last_stat.st_size);
+
+        if (cache_data_fd)
+                mmap_cache_fd_free(cache_data_fd);
+
+        if (cache_entry_fd)
+                mmap_cache_fd_free(cache_entry_fd);
+
+        if (cache_entry_array_fd)
+                mmap_cache_fd_free(cache_entry_array_fd);
+
+        return r;
+}