Merging upstream version 3.4.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

8 files changed, 965 insertions, 139 deletions

diff --git a/compat.h b/compat.h
index 6eb9761..720cd90 100644
--- a/compat.h
+++ b/compat.h
@@ -334,6 +334,18 @@ char		*strndup(const char *, size_t);
 void		*memmem(const void *, size_t, const void *, size_t);
 #endif
 
+#ifndef HAVE_HTONLL
+/* htonll.c */
+#undef htonll
+uint64_t	 htonll(uint64_t);
+#endif
+
+#ifndef HAVE_NTOHLL
+/* ntohll.c */
+#undef ntohll
+uint64_t	 ntohll(uint64_t);
+#endif
+
 #ifndef HAVE_GETPEEREID
 /* getpeereid.c */
 int		getpeereid(int, uid_t *, gid_t *);
@@ -423,7 +435,9 @@ void		*recallocarray(void *, size_t, size_t, size_t);
 
 #ifdef HAVE_SYSTEMD
 /* systemd.c */
+int		 systemd_activated(void);
 int		 systemd_create_socket(int, char **);
+int		 systemd_move_pid_to_new_cgroup(pid_t, char **);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef HAVE_UTF8PROC
diff --git a/compat/getpeereid.c b/compat/getpeereid.c
index c194e88..b79f420 100644
--- a/compat/getpeereid.c
+++ b/compat/getpeereid.c
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 
 #include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
 
 #ifdef HAVE_UCRED_H
 #include <ucred.h>
@@ -49,6 +50,8 @@ getpeereid(int s, uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid)
         ucred_free(ucred);
         return (0);
 #else
-	return (getuid());
+	*uid = geteuid();
+	*gid = getegid();
+	return (0);
 #endif
 }
diff --git a/compat/htonll.c b/compat/htonll.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aef6598
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/htonll.c
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF MIND, USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER
+ * IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "compat.h"
+
+uint64_t
+htonll(uint64_t v)
+{
+    uint32_t b;
+    uint32_t t;
+
+    b = htonl (v & 0xffffffff);
+    t = htonl (v >> 32);
+    return ((uint64_t)b << 32 | t);
+}
diff --git a/compat/imsg-buffer.c b/compat/imsg-buffer.c
index 67d4c70..9aed0ed 100644
--- a/compat/imsg-buffer.c
+++ b/compat/imsg-buffer.c
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-/*	$OpenBSD: imsg-buffer.c,v 1.12 2019/01/20 02:50:03 bcook Exp $	*/
+/*	$OpenBSD: imsg-buffer.c,v 1.18 2023/12/12 15:47:41 claudio Exp $	*/
 
 /*
+ * Copyright (c) 2023 Claudio Jeker <claudio@openbsd.org>
  * Copyright (c) 2003, 2004 Henning Brauer <henning@openbsd.org>
  *
  * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
@@ -19,9 +20,11 @@
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <sys/uio.h>
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
 
 #include <limits.h>
 #include <errno.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
@@ -29,18 +32,36 @@
 #include "compat.h"
 #include "imsg.h"
 
+#undef htobe16
+#define htobe16 htons
+#undef htobe32
+#define htobe32 htonl
+#undef htobe64
+#define htobe64 htonll
+#undef be16toh
+#define be16toh ntohs
+#undef be32toh
+#define be32toh ntohl
+#undef be64toh
+#define be64toh ntohll
+
 static int	ibuf_realloc(struct ibuf *, size_t);
 static void	ibuf_enqueue(struct msgbuf *, struct ibuf *);
 static void	ibuf_dequeue(struct msgbuf *, struct ibuf *);
+static void	msgbuf_drain(struct msgbuf *, size_t);
 
 struct ibuf *
 ibuf_open(size_t len)
 {
 	struct ibuf	*buf;
 
+	if (len == 0) {
+		errno = EINVAL;
+		return (NULL);
+	}
 	if ((buf = calloc(1, sizeof(struct ibuf))) == NULL)
 		return (NULL);
-	if ((buf->buf = malloc(len)) == NULL) {
+	if ((buf->buf = calloc(len, 1)) == NULL) {
 		free(buf);
 		return (NULL);
 	}
@@ -55,14 +76,22 @@ ibuf_dynamic(size_t len, size_t max)
 {
 	struct ibuf	*buf;
 
-	if (max < len)
+	if (max == 0 || max < len) {
+		errno = EINVAL;
 		return (NULL);
+	}
 
-	if ((buf = ibuf_open(len)) == NULL)
+	if ((buf = calloc(1, sizeof(struct ibuf))) == NULL)
 		return (NULL);
-
-	if (max > 0)
-		buf->max = max;
+	if (len > 0) {
+		if ((buf->buf = calloc(len, 1)) == NULL) {
+			free(buf);
+			return (NULL);
+		}
+	}
+	buf->size = len;
+	buf->max = max;
+	buf->fd = -1;
 
 	return (buf);
 }
@@ -73,7 +102,7 @@ ibuf_realloc(struct ibuf *buf, size_t len)
 	unsigned char	*b;
 
 	/* on static buffers max is eq size and so the following fails */
-	if (buf->wpos + len > buf->max) {
+	if (len > SIZE_MAX - buf->wpos || buf->wpos + len > buf->max) {
 		errno = ERANGE;
 		return (-1);
 	}
@@ -87,23 +116,16 @@ ibuf_realloc(struct ibuf *buf, size_t len)
 	return (0);
 }
 
-int
-ibuf_add(struct ibuf *buf, const void *data, size_t len)
-{
-	if (buf->wpos + len > buf->size)
-		if (ibuf_realloc(buf, len) == -1)
-			return (-1);
-
-	memcpy(buf->buf + buf->wpos, data, len);
-	buf->wpos += len;
-	return (0);
-}
-
 void *
 ibuf_reserve(struct ibuf *buf, size_t len)
 {
 	void	*b;
 
+	if (len > SIZE_MAX - buf->wpos || buf->max == 0) {
+		errno = ERANGE;
+		return (NULL);
+	}
+
 	if (buf->wpos + len > buf->size)
 		if (ibuf_realloc(buf, len) == -1)
 			return (NULL);
@@ -113,34 +135,416 @@ ibuf_reserve(struct ibuf *buf, size_t len)
 	return (b);
 }
 
+int
+ibuf_add(struct ibuf *buf, const void *data, size_t len)
+{
+	void *b;
+
+	if ((b = ibuf_reserve(buf, len)) == NULL)
+		return (-1);
+
+	memcpy(b, data, len);
+	return (0);
+}
+
+int
+ibuf_add_ibuf(struct ibuf *buf, const struct ibuf *from)
+{
+	return ibuf_add(buf, ibuf_data(from), ibuf_size(from));
+}
+
+/* remove after tree is converted */
+int
+ibuf_add_buf(struct ibuf *buf, const struct ibuf *from)
+{
+	return ibuf_add_ibuf(buf, from);
+}
+
+int
+ibuf_add_n8(struct ibuf *buf, uint64_t value)
+{
+	uint8_t v;
+
+	if (value > UINT8_MAX) {
+		errno = EINVAL;
+		return (-1);
+	}
+	v = value;
+	return ibuf_add(buf, &v, sizeof(v));
+}
+
+int
+ibuf_add_n16(struct ibuf *buf, uint64_t value)
+{
+	uint16_t v;
+
+	if (value > UINT16_MAX) {
+		errno = EINVAL;
+		return (-1);
+	}
+	v = htobe16(value);
+	return ibuf_add(buf, &v, sizeof(v));
+}
+
+int
+ibuf_add_n32(struct ibuf *buf, uint64_t value)
+{
+	uint32_t v;
+
+	if (value > UINT32_MAX) {
+		errno = EINVAL;
+		return (-1);
+	}
+	v = htobe32(value);
+	return ibuf_add(buf, &v, sizeof(v));
+}
+
+int
+ibuf_add_n64(struct ibuf *buf, uint64_t value)
+{
+	value = htobe64(value);
+	return ibuf_add(buf, &value, sizeof(value));
+}
+
+int
+ibuf_add_h16(struct ibuf *buf, uint64_t value)
+{
+	uint16_t v;
+
+	if (value > UINT16_MAX) {
+		errno = EINVAL;
+		return (-1);
+	}
+	v = value;
+	return ibuf_add(buf, &v, sizeof(v));
+}
+
+int
+ibuf_add_h32(struct ibuf *buf, uint64_t value)
+{
+	uint32_t v;
+
+	if (value > UINT32_MAX) {
+		errno = EINVAL;
+		return (-1);
+	}
+	v = value;
+	return ibuf_add(buf, &v, sizeof(v));
+}
+
+int
+ibuf_add_h64(struct ibuf *buf, uint64_t value)
+{
+	return ibuf_add(buf, &value, sizeof(value));
+}
+
+int
+ibuf_add_zero(struct ibuf *buf, size_t len)
+{
+	void *b;
+
+	if ((b = ibuf_reserve(buf, len)) == NULL)
+		return (-1);
+	memset(b, 0, len);
+	return (0);
+}
+
 void *
 ibuf_seek(struct ibuf *buf, size_t pos, size_t len)
 {
-	/* only allowed to seek in already written parts */
-	if (pos + len > buf->wpos)
+	/* only allow seeking between rpos and wpos */
+	if (ibuf_size(buf) < pos || SIZE_MAX - pos < len ||
+	    ibuf_size(buf) < pos + len) {
+		errno = ERANGE;
 		return (NULL);
+	}
 
-	return (buf->buf + pos);
+	return (buf->buf + buf->rpos + pos);
+}
+
+int
+ibuf_set(struct ibuf *buf, size_t pos, const void *data, size_t len)
+{
+	void *b;
+
+	if ((b = ibuf_seek(buf, pos, len)) == NULL)
+		return (-1);
+
+	memcpy(b, data, len);
+	return (0);
+}
+
+int
+ibuf_set_n8(struct ibuf *buf, size_t pos, uint64_t value)
+{
+	uint8_t v;
+
+	if (value > UINT8_MAX) {
+		errno = EINVAL;
+		return (-1);
+	}
+	v = value;
+	return (ibuf_set(buf, pos, &v, sizeof(v)));
+}
+
+int
+ibuf_set_n16(struct ibuf *buf, size_t pos, uint64_t value)
+{
+	uint16_t v;
+
+	if (value > UINT16_MAX) {
+		errno = EINVAL;
+		return (-1);
+	}
+	v = htobe16(value);
+	return (ibuf_set(buf, pos, &v, sizeof(v)));
+}
+
+int
+ibuf_set_n32(struct ibuf *buf, size_t pos, uint64_t value)
+{
+	uint32_t v;
+
+	if (value > UINT32_MAX) {
+		errno = EINVAL;
+		return (-1);
+	}
+	v = htobe32(value);
+	return (ibuf_set(buf, pos, &v, sizeof(v)));
+}
+
+int
+ibuf_set_n64(struct ibuf *buf, size_t pos, uint64_t value)
+{
+	value = htobe64(value);
+	return (ibuf_set(buf, pos, &value, sizeof(value)));
+}
+
+int
+ibuf_set_h16(struct ibuf *buf, size_t pos, uint64_t value)
+{
+	uint16_t v;
+
+	if (value > UINT16_MAX) {
+		errno = EINVAL;
+		return (-1);
+	}
+	v = value;
+	return (ibuf_set(buf, pos, &v, sizeof(v)));
+}
+
+int
+ibuf_set_h32(struct ibuf *buf, size_t pos, uint64_t value)
+{
+	uint32_t v;
+
+	if (value > UINT32_MAX) {
+		errno = EINVAL;
+		return (-1);
+	}
+	v = value;
+	return (ibuf_set(buf, pos, &v, sizeof(v)));
+}
+
+int
+ibuf_set_h64(struct ibuf *buf, size_t pos, uint64_t value)
+{
+	return (ibuf_set(buf, pos, &value, sizeof(value)));
+}
+
+void *
+ibuf_data(const struct ibuf *buf)
+{
+	return (buf->buf + buf->rpos);
 }
 
 size_t
-ibuf_size(struct ibuf *buf)
+ibuf_size(const struct ibuf *buf)
 {
-	return (buf->wpos);
+	return (buf->wpos - buf->rpos);
 }
 
 size_t
-ibuf_left(struct ibuf *buf)
+ibuf_left(const struct ibuf *buf)
 {
+	if (buf->max == 0)
+		return (0);
 	return (buf->max - buf->wpos);
 }
 
+int
+ibuf_truncate(struct ibuf *buf, size_t len)
+{
+	if (ibuf_size(buf) >= len) {
+		buf->wpos = buf->rpos + len;
+		return (0);
+	}
+	if (buf->max == 0) {
+		/* only allow to truncate down */
+		errno = ERANGE;
+		return (-1);
+	}
+	return ibuf_add_zero(buf, len - ibuf_size(buf));
+}
+
+void
+ibuf_rewind(struct ibuf *buf)
+{
+	buf->rpos = 0;
+}
+
 void
 ibuf_close(struct msgbuf *msgbuf, struct ibuf *buf)
 {
 	ibuf_enqueue(msgbuf, buf);
 }
 
+void
+ibuf_from_buffer(struct ibuf *buf, void *data, size_t len)
+{
+	memset(buf, 0, sizeof(*buf));
+	buf->buf = data;
+	buf->size = buf->wpos = len;
+	buf->fd = -1;
+}
+
+void
+ibuf_from_ibuf(struct ibuf *buf, const struct ibuf *from)
+{
+	ibuf_from_buffer(buf, ibuf_data(from), ibuf_size(from));
+}
+
+int
+ibuf_get(struct ibuf *buf, void *data, size_t len)
+{
+	if (ibuf_size(buf) < len) {
+		errno = EBADMSG;
+		return (-1);
+	}
+
+	memcpy(data, ibuf_data(buf), len);
+	buf->rpos += len;
+	return (0);
+}
+
+int
+ibuf_get_ibuf(struct ibuf *buf, size_t len, struct ibuf *new)
+{
+	if (ibuf_size(buf) < len) {
+		errno = EBADMSG;
+		return (-1);
+	}
+
+	ibuf_from_buffer(new, ibuf_data(buf), len);
+	buf->rpos += len;
+	return (0);
+}
+
+int
+ibuf_get_n8(struct ibuf *buf, uint8_t *value)
+{
+	return ibuf_get(buf, value, sizeof(*value));
+}
+
+int
+ibuf_get_n16(struct ibuf *buf, uint16_t *value)
+{
+	int rv;
+
+	rv = ibuf_get(buf, value, sizeof(*value));
+	*value = be16toh(*value);
+	return (rv);
+}
+
+int
+ibuf_get_n32(struct ibuf *buf, uint32_t *value)
+{
+	int rv;
+
+	rv = ibuf_get(buf, value, sizeof(*value));
+	*value = be32toh(*value);
+	return (rv);
+}
+
+int
+ibuf_get_n64(struct ibuf *buf, uint64_t *value)
+{
+	int rv;
+
+	rv = ibuf_get(buf, value, sizeof(*value));
+	*value = be64toh(*value);
+	return (rv);
+}
+
+int
+ibuf_get_h16(struct ibuf *buf, uint16_t *value)
+{
+	return ibuf_get(buf, value, sizeof(*value));
+}
+
+int
+ibuf_get_h32(struct ibuf *buf, uint32_t *value)
+{
+	return ibuf_get(buf, value, sizeof(*value));
+}
+
+int
+ibuf_get_h64(struct ibuf *buf, uint64_t *value)
+{
+	return ibuf_get(buf, value, sizeof(*value));
+}
+
+int
+ibuf_skip(struct ibuf *buf, size_t len)
+{
+	if (ibuf_size(buf) < len) {
+		errno = EBADMSG;
+		return (-1);
+	}
+
+	buf->rpos += len;
+	return (0);
+}
+
+void
+ibuf_free(struct ibuf *buf)
+{
+	if (buf == NULL)
+		return;
+	if (buf->max == 0)	/* if buf lives on the stack */
+		abort();	/* abort before causing more harm */
+	if (buf->fd != -1)
+		close(buf->fd);
+	freezero(buf->buf, buf->size);
+	free(buf);
+}
+
+int
+ibuf_fd_avail(struct ibuf *buf)
+{
+	return (buf->fd != -1);
+}
+
+int
+ibuf_fd_get(struct ibuf *buf)
+{
+	int fd;
+
+	fd = buf->fd;
+	buf->fd = -1;
+	return (fd);
+}
+
+void
+ibuf_fd_set(struct ibuf *buf, int fd)
+{
+	if (buf->max == 0)	/* if buf lives on the stack */
+		abort();	/* abort before causing more harm */
+	if (buf->fd != -1)
+		close(buf->fd);
+	buf->fd = fd;
+}
+
 int
 ibuf_write(struct msgbuf *msgbuf)
 {
@@ -153,8 +557,8 @@ ibuf_write(struct msgbuf *msgbuf)
 	TAILQ_FOREACH(buf, &msgbuf->bufs, entry) {
 		if (i >= IOV_MAX)
 			break;
-		iov[i].iov_base = buf->buf + buf->rpos;
-		iov[i].iov_len = buf->wpos - buf->rpos;
+		iov[i].iov_base = ibuf_data(buf);
+		iov[i].iov_len = ibuf_size(buf);
 		i++;
 	}
 
@@ -178,15 +582,6 @@ again:
 }
 
 void
-ibuf_free(struct ibuf *buf)
-{
-	if (buf == NULL)
-		return;
-	freezero(buf->buf, buf->size);
-	free(buf);
-}
-
-void
 msgbuf_init(struct msgbuf *msgbuf)
 {
 	msgbuf->queued = 0;
@@ -194,7 +589,7 @@ msgbuf_init(struct msgbuf *msgbuf)
 	TAILQ_INIT(&msgbuf->bufs);
 }
 
-void
+static void
 msgbuf_drain(struct msgbuf *msgbuf, size_t n)
 {
 	struct ibuf	*buf, *next;
@@ -202,8 +597,8 @@ msgbuf_drain(struct msgbuf *msgbuf, size_t n)
 	for (buf = TAILQ_FIRST(&msgbuf->bufs); buf != NULL && n > 0;
 	    buf = next) {
 		next = TAILQ_NEXT(buf, entry);
-		if (buf->rpos + n >= buf->wpos) {
-			n -= buf->wpos - buf->rpos;
+		if (n >= ibuf_size(buf)) {
+			n -= ibuf_size(buf);
 			ibuf_dequeue(msgbuf, buf);
 		} else {
 			buf->rpos += n;
@@ -225,7 +620,7 @@ int
 msgbuf_write(struct msgbuf *msgbuf)
 {
 	struct iovec	 iov[IOV_MAX];
-	struct ibuf	*buf;
+	struct ibuf	*buf, *buf0 = NULL;
 	unsigned int	 i = 0;
 	ssize_t		 n;
 	struct msghdr	 msg;
@@ -241,24 +636,26 @@ msgbuf_write(struct msgbuf *msgbuf)
 	TAILQ_FOREACH(buf, &msgbuf->bufs, entry) {
 		if (i >= IOV_MAX)
 			break;
-		iov[i].iov_base = buf->buf + buf->rpos;
-		iov[i].iov_len = buf->wpos - buf->rpos;
+		if (i > 0 && buf->fd != -1)
+			break;
+		iov[i].iov_base = ibuf_data(buf);
+		iov[i].iov_len = ibuf_size(buf);
 		i++;
 		if (buf->fd != -1)
-			break;
+			buf0 = buf;
 	}
 
 	msg.msg_iov = iov;
 	msg.msg_iovlen = i;
 
-	if (buf != NULL && buf->fd != -1) {
+	if (buf0 != NULL) {
 		msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)&cmsgbuf.buf;
 		msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(cmsgbuf.buf);
 		cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
 		cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
 		cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
 		cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
-		*(int *)CMSG_DATA(cmsg) = buf->fd;
+		*(int *)CMSG_DATA(cmsg) = buf0->fd;
 	}
 
 again:
@@ -279,9 +676,9 @@ again:
 	 * assumption: fd got sent if sendmsg sent anything
 	 * this works because fds are passed one at a time
 	 */
-	if (buf != NULL && buf->fd != -1) {
-		close(buf->fd);
-		buf->fd = -1;
+	if (buf0 != NULL) {
+		close(buf0->fd);
+		buf0->fd = -1;
 	}
 
 	msgbuf_drain(msgbuf, n);
@@ -289,9 +686,17 @@ again:
 	return (1);
 }
 
+uint32_t
+msgbuf_queuelen(struct msgbuf *msgbuf)
+{
+	return (msgbuf->queued);
+}
+
 static void
 ibuf_enqueue(struct msgbuf *msgbuf, struct ibuf *buf)
 {
+	if (buf->max == 0)	/* if buf lives on the stack */
+		abort();	/* abort before causing more harm */
 	TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&msgbuf->bufs, buf, entry);
 	msgbuf->queued++;
 }
@@ -300,10 +705,6 @@ static void
 ibuf_dequeue(struct msgbuf *msgbuf, struct ibuf *buf)
 {
 	TAILQ_REMOVE(&msgbuf->bufs, buf, entry);
-
-	if (buf->fd != -1)
-		close(buf->fd);
-
 	msgbuf->queued--;
 	ibuf_free(buf);
 }
diff --git a/compat/imsg.c b/compat/imsg.c
index 54ac7e5..c65cd30 100644
--- a/compat/imsg.c
+++ b/compat/imsg.c
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-/*	$OpenBSD: imsg.c,v 1.16 2017/12/14 09:27:44 kettenis Exp $	*/
+/*	$OpenBSD: imsg.c,v 1.23 2023/12/12 15:47:41 claudio Exp $	*/
 
 /*
+ * Copyright (c) 2023 Claudio Jeker <claudio@openbsd.org>
  * Copyright (c) 2003, 2004 Henning Brauer <henning@openbsd.org>
  *
  * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
@@ -28,23 +29,28 @@
 #include "compat.h"
 #include "imsg.h"
 
+struct imsg_fd {
+	TAILQ_ENTRY(imsg_fd)	entry;
+	int			fd;
+};
+
 int	 imsg_fd_overhead = 0;
 
-static int	 imsg_get_fd(struct imsgbuf *);
+static int	 imsg_dequeue_fd(struct imsgbuf *);
 
 void
-imsg_init(struct imsgbuf *ibuf, int fd)
+imsg_init(struct imsgbuf *imsgbuf, int fd)
 {
-	msgbuf_init(&ibuf->w);
-	memset(&ibuf->r, 0, sizeof(ibuf->r));
-	ibuf->fd = fd;
-	ibuf->w.fd = fd;
-	ibuf->pid = getpid();
-	TAILQ_INIT(&ibuf->fds);
+	msgbuf_init(&imsgbuf->w);
+	memset(&imsgbuf->r, 0, sizeof(imsgbuf->r));
+	imsgbuf->fd = fd;
+	imsgbuf->w.fd = fd;
+	imsgbuf->pid = getpid();
+	TAILQ_INIT(&imsgbuf->fds);
 }
 
 ssize_t
-imsg_read(struct imsgbuf *ibuf)
+imsg_read(struct imsgbuf *imsgbuf)
 {
 	struct msghdr		 msg;
 	struct cmsghdr		*cmsg;
@@ -60,8 +66,8 @@ imsg_read(struct imsgbuf *ibuf)
 	memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(msg));
 	memset(&cmsgbuf, 0, sizeof(cmsgbuf));
 
-	iov.iov_base = ibuf->r.buf + ibuf->r.wpos;
-	iov.iov_len = sizeof(ibuf->r.buf) - ibuf->r.wpos;
+	iov.iov_base = imsgbuf->r.buf + imsgbuf->r.wpos;
+	iov.iov_len = sizeof(imsgbuf->r.buf) - imsgbuf->r.wpos;
 	msg.msg_iov = &iov;
 	msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
 	msg.msg_control = &cmsgbuf.buf;
@@ -79,13 +85,13 @@ again:
 		return (-1);
 	}
 
-	if ((n = recvmsg(ibuf->fd, &msg, 0)) == -1) {
+	if ((n = recvmsg(imsgbuf->fd, &msg, 0)) == -1) {
 		if (errno == EINTR)
 			goto again;
 		goto fail;
 	}
 
-	ibuf->r.wpos += n;
+	imsgbuf->r.wpos += n;
 
 	for (cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg); cmsg != NULL;
 	    cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(&msg, cmsg)) {
@@ -105,7 +111,7 @@ again:
 				fd = ((int *)CMSG_DATA(cmsg))[i];
 				if (ifd != NULL) {
 					ifd->fd = fd;
-					TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&ibuf->fds, ifd,
+					TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&imsgbuf->fds, ifd,
 					    entry);
 					ifd = NULL;
 				} else
@@ -121,94 +127,235 @@ fail:
 }
 
 ssize_t
-imsg_get(struct imsgbuf *ibuf, struct imsg *imsg)
+imsg_get(struct imsgbuf *imsgbuf, struct imsg *imsg)
 {
+	struct imsg		 m;
 	size_t			 av, left, datalen;
 
-	av = ibuf->r.wpos;
+	av = imsgbuf->r.wpos;
 
 	if (IMSG_HEADER_SIZE > av)
 		return (0);
 
-	memcpy(&imsg->hdr, ibuf->r.buf, sizeof(imsg->hdr));
-	if (imsg->hdr.len < IMSG_HEADER_SIZE ||
-	    imsg->hdr.len > MAX_IMSGSIZE) {
+	memcpy(&m.hdr, imsgbuf->r.buf, sizeof(m.hdr));
+	if (m.hdr.len < IMSG_HEADER_SIZE ||
+	    m.hdr.len > MAX_IMSGSIZE) {
 		errno = ERANGE;
 		return (-1);
 	}
-	if (imsg->hdr.len > av)
+	if (m.hdr.len > av)
 		return (0);
-	datalen = imsg->hdr.len - IMSG_HEADER_SIZE;
-	ibuf->r.rptr = ibuf->r.buf + IMSG_HEADER_SIZE;
-	if (datalen == 0)
-		imsg->data = NULL;
-	else if ((imsg->data = malloc(datalen)) == NULL)
-		return (-1);
 
-	if (imsg->hdr.flags & IMSGF_HASFD)
-		imsg->fd = imsg_get_fd(ibuf);
-	else
-		imsg->fd = -1;
+	m.fd = -1;
+	m.buf = NULL;
+	m.data = NULL;
+
+	datalen = m.hdr.len - IMSG_HEADER_SIZE;
+	imsgbuf->r.rptr = imsgbuf->r.buf + IMSG_HEADER_SIZE;
+	if (datalen != 0) {
+		if ((m.buf = ibuf_open(datalen)) == NULL)
+			return (-1);
+		if (ibuf_add(m.buf, imsgbuf->r.rptr, datalen) == -1) {
+			/* this should never fail */
+			ibuf_free(m.buf);
+			return (-1);
+		}
+		m.data = ibuf_data(m.buf);
+	}
 
-	memcpy(imsg->data, ibuf->r.rptr, datalen);
+	if (m.hdr.flags & IMSGF_HASFD)
+		m.fd = imsg_dequeue_fd(imsgbuf);
 
-	if (imsg->hdr.len < av) {
-		left = av - imsg->hdr.len;
-		memmove(&ibuf->r.buf, ibuf->r.buf + imsg->hdr.len, left);
-		ibuf->r.wpos = left;
+	if (m.hdr.len < av) {
+		left = av - m.hdr.len;
+		memmove(&imsgbuf->r.buf, imsgbuf->r.buf + m.hdr.len, left);
+		imsgbuf->r.wpos = left;
 	} else
-		ibuf->r.wpos = 0;
+		imsgbuf->r.wpos = 0;
 
+	*imsg = m;
 	return (datalen + IMSG_HEADER_SIZE);
 }
 
 int
-imsg_compose(struct imsgbuf *ibuf, uint32_t type, uint32_t peerid, pid_t pid,
-    int fd, const void *data, uint16_t datalen)
+imsg_get_ibuf(struct imsg *imsg, struct ibuf *ibuf)
+{
+	if (imsg->buf == NULL) {
+		errno = EBADMSG;
+		return (-1);
+	}
+	return ibuf_get_ibuf(imsg->buf, ibuf_size(imsg->buf), ibuf);
+}
+
+int
+imsg_get_data(struct imsg *imsg, void *data, size_t len)
+{
+	if (len == 0) {
+		errno = EINVAL;
+		return (-1);
+	}
+	if (imsg->buf == NULL || ibuf_size(imsg->buf) != len) {
+		errno = EBADMSG;
+		return (-1);
+	}
+	return ibuf_get(imsg->buf, data, len);
+}
+
+int
+imsg_get_fd(struct imsg *imsg)
+{
+	int fd = imsg->fd;
+
+	imsg->fd = -1;
+	return fd;
+}
+
+uint32_t
+imsg_get_id(struct imsg *imsg)
+{
+	return (imsg->hdr.peerid);
+}
+
+size_t
+imsg_get_len(struct imsg *imsg)
+{
+	if (imsg->buf == NULL)
+		return 0;
+	return ibuf_size(imsg->buf);
+}
+
+pid_t
+imsg_get_pid(struct imsg *imsg)
+{
+	return (imsg->hdr.pid);
+}
+
+uint32_t
+imsg_get_type(struct imsg *imsg)
+{
+	return (imsg->hdr.type);
+}
+
+int
+imsg_compose(struct imsgbuf *imsgbuf, uint32_t type, uint32_t id, pid_t pid,
+    int fd, const void *data, size_t datalen)
 {
 	struct ibuf	*wbuf;
 
-	if ((wbuf = imsg_create(ibuf, type, peerid, pid, datalen)) == NULL)
+	if ((wbuf = imsg_create(imsgbuf, type, id, pid, datalen)) == NULL)
 		return (-1);
 
 	if (imsg_add(wbuf, data, datalen) == -1)
 		return (-1);
 
-	wbuf->fd = fd;
-
-	imsg_close(ibuf, wbuf);
+	ibuf_fd_set(wbuf, fd);
+	imsg_close(imsgbuf, wbuf);
 
 	return (1);
 }
 
 int
-imsg_composev(struct imsgbuf *ibuf, uint32_t type, uint32_t peerid, pid_t pid,
+imsg_composev(struct imsgbuf *imsgbuf, uint32_t type, uint32_t id, pid_t pid,
     int fd, const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt)
 {
 	struct ibuf	*wbuf;
-	int		 i, datalen = 0;
+	int		 i;
+	size_t		 datalen = 0;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++)
 		datalen += iov[i].iov_len;
 
-	if ((wbuf = imsg_create(ibuf, type, peerid, pid, datalen)) == NULL)
+	if ((wbuf = imsg_create(imsgbuf, type, id, pid, datalen)) == NULL)
 		return (-1);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++)
 		if (imsg_add(wbuf, iov[i].iov_base, iov[i].iov_len) == -1)
 			return (-1);
 
-	wbuf->fd = fd;
+	ibuf_fd_set(wbuf, fd);
+	imsg_close(imsgbuf, wbuf);
 
-	imsg_close(ibuf, wbuf);
+	return (1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Enqueue imsg with payload from ibuf buf. fd passing is not possible 
+ * with this function.
+ */
+int
+imsg_compose_ibuf(struct imsgbuf *imsgbuf, uint32_t type, uint32_t id,
+    pid_t pid, struct ibuf *buf)
+{
+	struct ibuf	*hdrbuf = NULL;
+	struct imsg_hdr	 hdr;
+	int save_errno;
+
+	if (ibuf_size(buf) + IMSG_HEADER_SIZE > MAX_IMSGSIZE) {
+		errno = ERANGE;
+		goto fail;
+	}
+
+	hdr.type = type;
+	hdr.len = ibuf_size(buf) + IMSG_HEADER_SIZE;
+	hdr.flags = 0;
+	hdr.peerid = id;
+	if ((hdr.pid = pid) == 0)
+		hdr.pid = imsgbuf->pid;
 
+	if ((hdrbuf = ibuf_open(IMSG_HEADER_SIZE)) == NULL)
+		goto fail;
+	if (imsg_add(hdrbuf, &hdr, sizeof(hdr)) == -1)
+		goto fail;
+
+	ibuf_close(&imsgbuf->w, hdrbuf);
+	ibuf_close(&imsgbuf->w, buf);
+	return (1);
+
+ fail:
+	save_errno = errno;
+	ibuf_free(buf);
+	ibuf_free(hdrbuf);
+	errno = save_errno;
+	return (-1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Forward imsg to another channel. Any attached fd is closed.
+ */
+int
+imsg_forward(struct imsgbuf *imsgbuf, struct imsg *msg)
+{
+	struct ibuf	*wbuf;
+	size_t		 len = 0;
+
+	if (msg->fd != -1) {
+		close(msg->fd);
+		msg->fd = -1;
+	}
+
+	if (msg->buf != NULL) {
+		ibuf_rewind(msg->buf);
+		len = ibuf_size(msg->buf);
+	}
+
+	if ((wbuf = imsg_create(imsgbuf, msg->hdr.type, msg->hdr.peerid,
+	    msg->hdr.pid, len)) == NULL)
+		return (-1);
+
+	if (msg->buf != NULL) {
+		if (ibuf_add_buf(wbuf, msg->buf) == -1) {
+			ibuf_free(wbuf);
+			return (-1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	imsg_close(imsgbuf, wbuf);
 	return (1);
 }
 
-/* ARGSUSED */
 struct ibuf *
-imsg_create(struct imsgbuf *ibuf, uint32_t type, uint32_t peerid, pid_t pid,
-    uint16_t datalen)
+imsg_create(struct imsgbuf *imsgbuf, uint32_t type, uint32_t id, pid_t pid,
+    size_t datalen)
 {
 	struct ibuf	*wbuf;
 	struct imsg_hdr	 hdr;
@@ -221,9 +368,9 @@ imsg_create(struct imsgbuf *ibuf, uint32_t type, uint32_t peerid, pid_t pid,
 
 	hdr.type = type;
 	hdr.flags = 0;
-	hdr.peerid = peerid;
+	hdr.peerid = id;
 	if ((hdr.pid = pid) == 0)
-		hdr.pid = ibuf->pid;
+		hdr.pid = imsgbuf->pid;
 	if ((wbuf = ibuf_dynamic(datalen, MAX_IMSGSIZE)) == NULL) {
 		return (NULL);
 	}
@@ -234,7 +381,7 @@ imsg_create(struct imsgbuf *ibuf, uint32_t type, uint32_t peerid, pid_t pid,
 }
 
 int
-imsg_add(struct ibuf *msg, const void *data, uint16_t datalen)
+imsg_add(struct ibuf *msg, const void *data, size_t datalen)
 {
 	if (datalen)
 		if (ibuf_add(msg, data, datalen) == -1) {
@@ -245,58 +392,57 @@ imsg_add(struct ibuf *msg, const void *data, uint16_t datalen)
 }
 
 void
-imsg_close(struct imsgbuf *ibuf, struct ibuf *msg)
+imsg_close(struct imsgbuf *imsgbuf, struct ibuf *msg)
 {
 	struct imsg_hdr	*hdr;
 
 	hdr = (struct imsg_hdr *)msg->buf;
 
 	hdr->flags &= ~IMSGF_HASFD;
-	if (msg->fd != -1)
+	if (ibuf_fd_avail(msg))
 		hdr->flags |= IMSGF_HASFD;
+	hdr->len = ibuf_size(msg);
 
-	hdr->len = (uint16_t)msg->wpos;
-
-	ibuf_close(&ibuf->w, msg);
+	ibuf_close(&imsgbuf->w, msg);
 }
 
 void
 imsg_free(struct imsg *imsg)
 {
-	freezero(imsg->data, imsg->hdr.len - IMSG_HEADER_SIZE);
+	ibuf_free(imsg->buf);
 }
 
 static int
-imsg_get_fd(struct imsgbuf *ibuf)
+imsg_dequeue_fd(struct imsgbuf *imsgbuf)
 {
 	int		 fd;
 	struct imsg_fd	*ifd;
 
-	if ((ifd = TAILQ_FIRST(&ibuf->fds)) == NULL)
+	if ((ifd = TAILQ_FIRST(&imsgbuf->fds)) == NULL)
 		return (-1);
 
 	fd = ifd->fd;
-	TAILQ_REMOVE(&ibuf->fds, ifd, entry);
+	TAILQ_REMOVE(&imsgbuf->fds, ifd, entry);
 	free(ifd);
 
 	return (fd);
 }
 
 int
-imsg_flush(struct imsgbuf *ibuf)
+imsg_flush(struct imsgbuf *imsgbuf)
 {
-	while (ibuf->w.queued)
-		if (msgbuf_write(&ibuf->w) <= 0)
+	while (imsgbuf->w.queued)
+		if (msgbuf_write(&imsgbuf->w) <= 0)
 			return (-1);
 	return (0);
 }
 
 void
-imsg_clear(struct imsgbuf *ibuf)
+imsg_clear(struct imsgbuf *imsgbuf)
 {
 	int	fd;
 
-	msgbuf_clear(&ibuf->w);
-	while ((fd = imsg_get_fd(ibuf)) != -1)
+	msgbuf_clear(&imsgbuf->w);
+	while ((fd = imsg_dequeue_fd(imsgbuf)) != -1)
 		close(fd);
 }
diff --git a/compat/imsg.h b/compat/imsg.h
index 5b092cf..dd47b18 100644
--- a/compat/imsg.h
+++ b/compat/imsg.h
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-/*	$OpenBSD: imsg.h,v 1.5 2019/01/20 02:50:03 bcook Exp $	*/
+/*	$OpenBSD: imsg.h,v 1.8 2023/12/12 15:47:41 claudio Exp $	*/
 
 /*
+ * Copyright (c) 2023 Claudio Jeker <claudio@openbsd.org>
  * Copyright (c) 2006, 2007 Pierre-Yves Ritschard <pyr@openbsd.org>
  * Copyright (c) 2006, 2007, 2008 Reyk Floeter <reyk@openbsd.org>
  * Copyright (c) 2003, 2004 Henning Brauer <henning@openbsd.org>
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@
 #ifndef _IMSG_H_
 #define _IMSG_H_
 
-#include <stdint.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
 
 #define IBUF_READ_SIZE		65535
 #define IMSG_HEADER_SIZE	sizeof(struct imsg_hdr)
@@ -49,11 +50,7 @@ struct ibuf_read {
 	size_t			 wpos;
 };
 
-struct imsg_fd {
-	TAILQ_ENTRY(imsg_fd)	entry;
-	int			fd;
-};
-
+struct imsg_fd;
 struct imsgbuf {
 	TAILQ_HEAD(, imsg_fd)	 fds;
 	struct ibuf_read	 r;
@@ -76,35 +73,83 @@ struct imsg {
 	struct imsg_hdr	 hdr;
 	int		 fd;
 	void		*data;
+	struct ibuf	*buf;
 };
 
+struct iovec;
 
-/* buffer.c */
+/* imsg-buffer.c */
 struct ibuf	*ibuf_open(size_t);
 struct ibuf	*ibuf_dynamic(size_t, size_t);
 int		 ibuf_add(struct ibuf *, const void *, size_t);
+int		 ibuf_add_buf(struct ibuf *, const struct ibuf *);
+int		 ibuf_add_ibuf(struct ibuf *, const struct ibuf *);
+int		 ibuf_add_zero(struct ibuf *, size_t);
+int		 ibuf_add_n8(struct ibuf *, uint64_t);
+int		 ibuf_add_n16(struct ibuf *, uint64_t);
+int		 ibuf_add_n32(struct ibuf *, uint64_t);
+int		 ibuf_add_n64(struct ibuf *, uint64_t);
+int		 ibuf_add_h16(struct ibuf *, uint64_t);
+int		 ibuf_add_h32(struct ibuf *, uint64_t);
+int		 ibuf_add_h64(struct ibuf *, uint64_t);
 void		*ibuf_reserve(struct ibuf *, size_t);
 void		*ibuf_seek(struct ibuf *, size_t, size_t);
-size_t		 ibuf_size(struct ibuf *);
-size_t		 ibuf_left(struct ibuf *);
+int		 ibuf_set(struct ibuf *, size_t, const void *, size_t);
+int		 ibuf_set_n8(struct ibuf *, size_t, uint64_t);
+int		 ibuf_set_n16(struct ibuf *, size_t, uint64_t);
+int		 ibuf_set_n32(struct ibuf *, size_t, uint64_t);
+int		 ibuf_set_n64(struct ibuf *, size_t, uint64_t);
+int		 ibuf_set_h16(struct ibuf *, size_t, uint64_t);
+int		 ibuf_set_h32(struct ibuf *, size_t, uint64_t);
+int		 ibuf_set_h64(struct ibuf *, size_t, uint64_t);
+void		*ibuf_data(const struct ibuf *);
+size_t		 ibuf_size(const struct ibuf *);
+size_t		 ibuf_left(const struct ibuf *);
+int		 ibuf_truncate(struct ibuf *, size_t);
+void		 ibuf_rewind(struct ibuf *);
 void		 ibuf_close(struct msgbuf *, struct ibuf *);
-int		 ibuf_write(struct msgbuf *);
+void		 ibuf_from_buffer(struct ibuf *, void *, size_t);
+void		 ibuf_from_ibuf(struct ibuf *, const struct ibuf *);
+int		 ibuf_get(struct ibuf *, void *, size_t);
+int		 ibuf_get_ibuf(struct ibuf *, size_t, struct ibuf *);
+int		 ibuf_get_n8(struct ibuf *, uint8_t *);
+int		 ibuf_get_n16(struct ibuf *, uint16_t *);
+int		 ibuf_get_n32(struct ibuf *, uint32_t *);
+int		 ibuf_get_n64(struct ibuf *, uint64_t *);
+int		 ibuf_get_h16(struct ibuf *, uint16_t *);
+int		 ibuf_get_h32(struct ibuf *, uint32_t *);
+int		 ibuf_get_h64(struct ibuf *, uint64_t *);
+int		 ibuf_skip(struct ibuf *, size_t);
 void		 ibuf_free(struct ibuf *);
+int		 ibuf_fd_avail(struct ibuf *);
+int		 ibuf_fd_get(struct ibuf *);
+void		 ibuf_fd_set(struct ibuf *, int);
+int		 ibuf_write(struct msgbuf *);
 void		 msgbuf_init(struct msgbuf *);
 void		 msgbuf_clear(struct msgbuf *);
+uint32_t	 msgbuf_queuelen(struct msgbuf *);
 int		 msgbuf_write(struct msgbuf *);
-void		 msgbuf_drain(struct msgbuf *, size_t);
 
 /* imsg.c */
 void	 imsg_init(struct imsgbuf *, int);
 ssize_t	 imsg_read(struct imsgbuf *);
 ssize_t	 imsg_get(struct imsgbuf *, struct imsg *);
+int	 imsg_get_ibuf(struct imsg *, struct ibuf *);
+int	 imsg_get_data(struct imsg *, void *, size_t);
+int	 imsg_get_fd(struct imsg *);
+uint32_t imsg_get_id(struct imsg *);
+size_t	 imsg_get_len(struct imsg *);
+pid_t	 imsg_get_pid(struct imsg *);
+uint32_t imsg_get_type(struct imsg *);
+int	 imsg_forward(struct imsgbuf *, struct imsg *);
 int	 imsg_compose(struct imsgbuf *, uint32_t, uint32_t, pid_t, int,
-	    const void *, uint16_t);
+	    const void *, size_t);
 int	 imsg_composev(struct imsgbuf *, uint32_t, uint32_t,  pid_t, int,
 	    const struct iovec *, int);
-struct ibuf *imsg_create(struct imsgbuf *, uint32_t, uint32_t, pid_t, uint16_t);
-int	 imsg_add(struct ibuf *, const void *, uint16_t);
+int	 imsg_compose_ibuf(struct imsgbuf *, uint32_t, uint32_t, pid_t,
+	    struct ibuf *);
+struct ibuf *imsg_create(struct imsgbuf *, uint32_t, uint32_t, pid_t, size_t);
+int	 imsg_add(struct ibuf *, const void *, size_t);
 void	 imsg_close(struct imsgbuf *, struct ibuf *);
 void	 imsg_free(struct imsg *);
 int	 imsg_flush(struct imsgbuf *);
diff --git a/compat/ntohll.c b/compat/ntohll.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2fe1bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/ntohll.c
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF MIND, USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER
+ * IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "compat.h"
+
+uint64_t
+ntohll(uint64_t v)
+{
+    uint32_t b;
+    uint32_t t;
+
+    b = ntohl (v & 0xffffffff);
+    t = ntohl (v >> 32);
+    return ((uint64_t)b << 32 | t);
+}
diff --git a/compat/systemd.c b/compat/systemd.c
index 7317e43..6f790a3 100644
--- a/compat/systemd.c
+++ b/compat/systemd.c
@@ -19,17 +19,28 @@
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/un.h>
 
+#include <systemd/sd-bus.h>
 #include <systemd/sd-daemon.h>
+#include <systemd/sd-login.h>
+#include <systemd/sd-id128.h>
+
+#include <string.h>
 
 #include "tmux.h"
 
 int
+systemd_activated(void)
+{
+	return (sd_listen_fds(0) >= 1);
+}
+
+int
 systemd_create_socket(int flags, char **cause)
 {
 	int			fds;
 	int			fd;
 	struct sockaddr_un	sa;
-	int			addrlen = sizeof sa;
+	socklen_t		addrlen = sizeof sa;
 
 	fds = sd_listen_fds(0);
 	if (fds > 1) { /* too many file descriptors */
@@ -56,3 +67,149 @@ fail:
 		xasprintf(cause, "systemd socket error (%s)", strerror(errno));
 	return (-1);
 }
+
+int
+systemd_move_pid_to_new_cgroup(pid_t pid, char **cause)
+{
+	sd_bus_error	 error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+	sd_bus_message	*m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+	sd_bus 		*bus = NULL;
+	char		*name, *desc, *slice;
+	sd_id128_t	 uuid;
+	int		 r;
+	pid_t		 parent_pid;
+
+	/* Connect to the session bus. */
+	r = sd_bus_default_user(&bus);
+	if (r < 0) {
+		xasprintf(cause, "failed to connect to session bus: %s",
+		    strerror(-r));
+		goto finish;
+	}
+
+	/* Start building the method call. */
+	r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(bus, &m,
+	    "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+	    "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+	    "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+	    "StartTransientUnit");
+	if (r < 0) {
+		xasprintf(cause, "failed to create bus message: %s",
+		    strerror(-r));
+		goto finish;
+	}
+
+	/* Generate a unique name for the new scope, to avoid collisions. */
+	r = sd_id128_randomize(&uuid);
+	if (r < 0) {
+		xasprintf(cause, "failed to generate uuid: %s", strerror(-r));
+		goto finish;
+	}
+	xasprintf(&name, "tmux-spawn-" SD_ID128_UUID_FORMAT_STR ".scope",
+	    SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(uuid));
+	r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "s", name);
+	free(name);
+	if (r < 0) {
+		xasprintf(cause, "failed to append to bus message: %s",
+		    strerror(-r));
+		goto finish;
+	}
+
+	/* Mode: fail if there's a queued unit with the same name. */
+	r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "s", "fail");
+	if (r < 0) {
+		xasprintf(cause, "failed to append to bus message: %s",
+		    strerror(-r));
+		goto finish;
+	}
+
+	/* Start properties array. */
+	r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'a', "(sv)");
+	if (r < 0) {
+		xasprintf(cause, "failed to start properties array: %s",
+		    strerror(-r));
+		goto finish;
+	}
+
+	parent_pid = getpid();
+	xasprintf(&desc, "tmux child pane %ld launched by process %ld",
+	    (long)pid, (long)parent_pid);
+	r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "Description", "s", desc);
+	free(desc);
+	if (r < 0) {
+		xasprintf(cause, "failed to append to properties: %s",
+		    strerror(-r));
+		goto finish;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Inherit the slice from the parent process, or default to
+	 * "app-tmux.slice" if that fails.
+	 */
+	r = sd_pid_get_user_slice(parent_pid, &slice);
+	if (r < 0) {
+		slice = xstrdup("app-tmux.slice");
+	}
+	r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "Slice", "s", slice);
+	free(slice);
+	if (r < 0) {
+		xasprintf(cause, "failed to append to properties: %s",
+		    strerror(-r));
+		goto finish;
+	}
+
+	/* PIDs to add to the scope: length - 1 array of uint32_t. */
+	r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "PIDs", "au", 1, pid);
+	if (r < 0) {
+		xasprintf(cause, "failed to append to properties: %s",
+		    strerror(-r));
+		goto finish;
+	}
+
+	/* Clean up the scope even if it fails. */
+	r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "CollectMode", "s",
+	    "inactive-or-failed");
+	if (r < 0) {
+		xasprintf(cause, "failed to append to properties: %s",
+		    strerror(-r));
+		goto finish;
+	}
+
+	/* End properties array. */
+	r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+	if (r < 0) {
+		xasprintf(cause, "failed to end properties array: %s",
+		    strerror(-r));
+		goto finish;
+	}
+
+	/* aux is currently unused and should be passed an empty array. */
+	r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "a(sa(sv))", 0);
+	if (r < 0) {
+		xasprintf(cause, "failed to append to bus message: %s",
+		    strerror(-r));
+		goto finish;
+	}
+
+	/* Call the method with a timeout of 1 second = 1e6 us. */
+	r = sd_bus_call(bus, m, 1000000, &error, &reply);
+	if (r < 0) {
+		if (error.message != NULL) {
+			/* We have a specific error message from sd-bus. */
+			xasprintf(cause, "StartTransientUnit call failed: %s",
+			    error.message);
+		} else {
+			xasprintf(cause, "StartTransientUnit call failed: %s",
+			    strerror(-r));
+		}
+		goto finish;
+	}
+
+finish:
+	sd_bus_error_free(&error);
+	sd_bus_message_unref(m);
+	sd_bus_message_unref(reply);
+	sd_bus_unref(bus);
+
+	return (r);
+}