Adding upstream version 3.3a.upstream/3.3a

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 6830 insertions, 0 deletions

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+.\" $OpenBSD$
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
+.\"
+.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+.\"
+.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF MIND, USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER
+.\" IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING
+.\" OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+.\"
+.Dd $Mdocdate$
+.Dt TMUX 1
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm tmux
+.Nd terminal multiplexer
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm tmux
+.Bk -words
+.Op Fl 2CDluvV
+.Op Fl c Ar shell-command
+.Op Fl f Ar file
+.Op Fl L Ar socket-name
+.Op Fl S Ar socket-path
+.Op Fl T Ar features
+.Op Ar command Op Ar flags
+.Ek
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+.Nm
+is a terminal multiplexer:
+it enables a number of terminals to be created, accessed, and
+controlled from a single screen.
+.Nm
+may be detached from a screen
+and continue running in the background,
+then later reattached.
+.Pp
+When
+.Nm
+is started, it creates a new
+.Em session
+with a single
+.Em window
+and displays it on screen.
+A status line at the bottom of the screen
+shows information on the current session
+and is used to enter interactive commands.
+.Pp
+A session is a single collection of
+.Em pseudo terminals
+under the management of
+.Nm .
+Each session has one or more
+windows linked to it.
+A window occupies the entire screen
+and may be split into rectangular panes,
+each of which is a separate pseudo terminal
+(the
+.Xr pty 4
+manual page documents the technical details of pseudo terminals).
+Any number of
+.Nm
+instances may connect to the same session,
+and any number of windows may be present in the same session.
+Once all sessions are killed,
+.Nm
+exits.
+.Pp
+Each session is persistent and will survive accidental disconnection
+(such as
+.Xr ssh 1
+connection timeout) or intentional detaching (with the
+.Ql C-b d
+key strokes).
+.Nm
+may be reattached using:
+.Pp
+.Dl $ tmux attach
+.Pp
+In
+.Nm ,
+a session is displayed on screen by a
+.Em client
+and all sessions are managed by a single
+.Em server .
+The server and each client are separate processes which communicate through a
+socket in
+.Pa /tmp .
+.Pp
+The options are as follows:
+.Bl -tag -width "XXXXXXXXXXXX"
+.It Fl 2
+Force
+.Nm
+to assume the terminal supports 256 colours.
+This is equivalent to
+.Fl T Ar 256 .
+.It Fl C
+Start in control mode (see the
+.Sx CONTROL MODE
+section).
+Given twice
+.Xo ( Fl CC ) Xc
+disables echo.
+.It Fl c Ar shell-command
+Execute
+.Ar shell-command
+using the default shell.
+If necessary, the
+.Nm
+server will be started to retrieve the
+.Ic default-shell
+option.
+This option is for compatibility with
+.Xr sh 1
+when
+.Nm
+is used as a login shell.
+.It Fl D
+Do not start the
+.Nm
+server as a daemon.
+This also turns the
+.Ic exit-empty
+option off.
+With
+.Fl D ,
+.Ar command
+may not be specified.
+.It Fl f Ar file
+Specify an alternative configuration file.
+By default,
+.Nm
+loads the system configuration file from
+.Pa @SYSCONFDIR@/tmux.conf ,
+if present, then looks for a user configuration file at
+.Pa ~/.tmux.conf,
+.Pa $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/tmux/tmux.conf
+or
+.Pa ~/.config/tmux/tmux.conf .
+.Pp
+The configuration file is a set of
+.Nm
+commands which are executed in sequence when the server is first started.
+.Nm
+loads configuration files once when the server process has started.
+The
+.Ic source-file
+command may be used to load a file later.
+.Pp
+.Nm
+shows any error messages from commands in configuration files in the first
+session created, and continues to process the rest of the configuration file.
+.It Fl L Ar socket-name
+.Nm
+stores the server socket in a directory under
+.Ev TMUX_TMPDIR
+or
+.Pa /tmp
+if it is unset.
+The default socket is named
+.Em default .
+This option allows a different socket name to be specified, allowing several
+independent
+.Nm
+servers to be run.
+Unlike
+.Fl S
+a full path is not necessary: the sockets are all created in a directory
+.Pa tmux-UID
+under the directory given by
+.Ev TMUX_TMPDIR
+or in
+.Pa /tmp .
+The
+.Pa tmux-UID
+directory is created by
+.Nm
+and must not be world readable, writable or executable.
+.Pp
+If the socket is accidentally removed, the
+.Dv SIGUSR1
+signal may be sent to the
+.Nm
+server process to recreate it (note that this will fail if any parent
+directories are missing).
+.It Fl l
+Behave as a login shell.
+This flag currently has no effect and is for compatibility with other shells
+when using tmux as a login shell.
+.It Fl N
+Do not start the server even if the command would normally do so (for example
+.Ic new-session
+or
+.Ic start-server ) .
+.It Fl S Ar socket-path
+Specify a full alternative path to the server socket.
+If
+.Fl S
+is specified, the default socket directory is not used and any
+.Fl L
+flag is ignored.
+.It Fl u
+Write UTF-8 output to the terminal even if the first environment
+variable of
+.Ev LC_ALL ,
+.Ev LC_CTYPE ,
+or
+.Ev LANG
+that is set does not contain
+.Qq UTF-8
+or
+.Qq UTF8 .
+This is equivalent to
+.Fl T Ar UTF-8 .
+.It Fl T Ar features
+Set terminal features for the client.
+This is a comma-separated list of features.
+See the
+.Ic terminal-features
+option.
+.It Fl v
+Request verbose logging.
+Log messages will be saved into
+.Pa tmux-client-PID.log
+and
+.Pa tmux-server-PID.log
+files in the current directory, where
+.Em PID
+is the PID of the server or client process.
+If
+.Fl v
+is specified twice, an additional
+.Pa tmux-out-PID.log
+file is generated with a copy of everything
+.Nm
+writes to the terminal.
+.Pp
+The
+.Dv SIGUSR2
+signal may be sent to the
+.Nm
+server process to toggle logging between on (as if
+.Fl v
+was given) and off.
+.It Fl V
+Report the
+.Nm
+version.
+.It Ar command Op Ar flags
+This specifies one of a set of commands used to control
+.Nm ,
+as described in the following sections.
+If no commands are specified, the
+.Ic new-session
+command is assumed.
+.El
+.Sh DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS
+.Nm
+may be controlled from an attached client by using a key combination of a
+prefix key,
+.Ql C-b
+(Ctrl-b) by default, followed by a command key.
+.Pp
+The default command key bindings are:
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width "XXXXXXXXXX" -offset indent -compact
+.It C-b
+Send the prefix key (C-b) through to the application.
+.It C-o
+Rotate the panes in the current window forwards.
+.It C-z
+Suspend the
+.Nm
+client.
+.It !
+Break the current pane out of the window.
+.It \&"
+.\" "
+Split the current pane into two, top and bottom.
+.It #
+List all paste buffers.
+.It $
+Rename the current session.
+.It %
+Split the current pane into two, left and right.
+.It &
+Kill the current window.
+.It '
+Prompt for a window index to select.
+.It \&(
+Switch the attached client to the previous session.
+.It \&)
+Switch the attached client to the next session.
+.It ,
+Rename the current window.
+.It -
+Delete the most recently copied buffer of text.
+.It .
+Prompt for an index to move the current window.
+.It 0 to 9
+Select windows 0 to 9.
+.It :
+Enter the
+.Nm
+command prompt.
+.It ;
+Move to the previously active pane.
+.It =
+Choose which buffer to paste interactively from a list.
+.It \&?
+List all key bindings.
+.It D
+Choose a client to detach.
+.It L
+Switch the attached client back to the last session.
+.It \&[
+Enter copy mode to copy text or view the history.
+.It \&]
+Paste the most recently copied buffer of text.
+.It c
+Create a new window.
+.It d
+Detach the current client.
+.It f
+Prompt to search for text in open windows.
+.It i
+Display some information about the current window.
+.It l
+Move to the previously selected window.
+.It m
+Mark the current pane (see
+.Ic select-pane
+.Fl m ) .
+.It M
+Clear the marked pane.
+.It n
+Change to the next window.
+.It o
+Select the next pane in the current window.
+.It p
+Change to the previous window.
+.It q
+Briefly display pane indexes.
+.It r
+Force redraw of the attached client.
+.It s
+Select a new session for the attached client interactively.
+.It t
+Show the time.
+.It w
+Choose the current window interactively.
+.It x
+Kill the current pane.
+.It z
+Toggle zoom state of the current pane.
+.It {
+Swap the current pane with the previous pane.
+.It }
+Swap the current pane with the next pane.
+.It ~
+Show previous messages from
+.Nm ,
+if any.
+.It Page Up
+Enter copy mode and scroll one page up.
+.It Up, Down
+.It Left, Right
+Change to the pane above, below, to the left, or to the right of the current
+pane.
+.It M-1 to M-5
+Arrange panes in one of the five preset layouts: even-horizontal,
+even-vertical, main-horizontal, main-vertical, or tiled.
+.It Space
+Arrange the current window in the next preset layout.
+.It M-n
+Move to the next window with a bell or activity marker.
+.It M-o
+Rotate the panes in the current window backwards.
+.It M-p
+Move to the previous window with a bell or activity marker.
+.It C-Up, C-Down
+.It C-Left, C-Right
+Resize the current pane in steps of one cell.
+.It M-Up, M-Down
+.It M-Left, M-Right
+Resize the current pane in steps of five cells.
+.El
+.Pp
+Key bindings may be changed with the
+.Ic bind-key
+and
+.Ic unbind-key
+commands.
+.Sh COMMAND PARSING AND EXECUTION
+.Nm
+supports a large number of commands which can be used to control its
+behaviour.
+Each command is named and can accept zero or more flags and arguments.
+They may be bound to a key with the
+.Ic bind-key
+command or run from the shell prompt, a shell script, a configuration file or
+the command prompt.
+For example, the same
+.Ic set-option
+command run from the shell prompt, from
+.Pa ~/.tmux.conf
+and bound to a key may look like:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+$ tmux set-option -g status-style bg=cyan
+
+set-option -g status-style bg=cyan
+
+bind-key C set-option -g status-style bg=cyan
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Here, the command name is
+.Ql set-option ,
+.Ql Fl g
+is a flag and
+.Ql status-style
+and
+.Ql bg=cyan
+are arguments.
+.Pp
+.Nm
+distinguishes between command parsing and execution.
+In order to execute a command,
+.Nm
+needs it to be split up into its name and arguments.
+This is command parsing.
+If a command is run from the shell, the shell parses it; from inside
+.Nm
+or from a configuration file,
+.Nm
+does.
+Examples of when
+.Nm
+parses commands are:
+.Bl -dash -offset indent
+.It
+in a configuration file;
+.It
+typed at the command prompt (see
+.Ic command-prompt ) ;
+.It
+given to
+.Ic bind-key ;
+.It
+passed as arguments to
+.Ic if-shell
+or
+.Ic confirm-before .
+.El
+.Pp
+To execute commands, each client has a
+.Ql command queue .
+A global command queue not attached to any client is used on startup
+for configuration files like
+.Pa ~/.tmux.conf .
+Parsed commands added to the queue are executed in order.
+Some commands, like
+.Ic if-shell
+and
+.Ic confirm-before ,
+parse their argument to create a new command which is inserted immediately
+after themselves.
+This means that arguments can be parsed twice or more - once when the parent command (such as
+.Ic if-shell )
+is parsed and again when it parses and executes its command.
+Commands like
+.Ic if-shell ,
+.Ic run-shell
+and
+.Ic display-panes
+stop execution of subsequent commands on the queue until something happens -
+.Ic if-shell
+and
+.Ic run-shell
+until a shell command finishes and
+.Ic display-panes
+until a key is pressed.
+For example, the following commands:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+new-session; new-window
+if-shell "true" "split-window"
+kill-session
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Will execute
+.Ic new-session ,
+.Ic new-window ,
+.Ic if-shell ,
+the shell command
+.Xr true 1 ,
+.Ic split-window
+and
+.Ic kill-session
+in that order.
+.Pp
+The
+.Sx COMMANDS
+section lists the
+.Nm
+commands and their arguments.
+.Sh PARSING SYNTAX
+This section describes the syntax of commands parsed by
+.Nm ,
+for example in a configuration file or at the command prompt.
+Note that when commands are entered into the shell, they are parsed by the shell
+- see for example
+.Xr ksh 1
+or
+.Xr csh 1 .
+.Pp
+Each command is terminated by a newline or a semicolon (;).
+Commands separated by semicolons together form a
+.Ql command sequence
+- if a command in the sequence encounters an error, no subsequent commands are
+executed.
+.Pp
+It is recommended that a semicolon used as a command separator should be
+written as an individual token, for example from
+.Xr sh 1 :
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+$ tmux neww \\; splitw
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Or:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+$ tmux neww ';' splitw
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Or from the tmux command prompt:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+neww ; splitw
+.Ed
+.Pp
+However, a trailing semicolon is also interpreted as a command separator,
+for example in these
+.Xr sh 1
+commands:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+$ tmux neww\e\e; splitw
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Or:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+$ tmux 'neww;' splitw
+.Ed
+.Pp
+As in these examples, when running tmux from the shell extra care must be taken
+to properly quote semicolons:
+.Bl -enum -offset Ds
+.It
+Semicolons that should be interpreted as a command separator
+should be escaped according to the shell conventions.
+For
+.Xr sh 1
+this typically means quoted (such as
+.Ql neww ';' splitw )
+or escaped (such as
+.Ql neww \e\e\e\e; splitw ) .
+.It
+Individual semicolons or trailing semicolons that should be interpreted as
+arguments should be escaped twice: once according to the shell conventions and
+a second time for
+.Nm ;
+for example:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+$ tmux neww 'foo\e\e;' bar
+$ tmux neww foo\e\e\e\e; bar
+.Ed
+.It
+Semicolons that are not individual tokens or trailing another token should only
+be escaped once according to shell conventions; for example:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+$ tmux neww 'foo-;-bar'
+$ tmux neww foo-\e\e;-bar
+.Ed
+.El
+.Pp
+Comments are marked by the unquoted # character - any remaining text after a
+comment is ignored until the end of the line.
+.Pp
+If the last character of a line is \e, the line is joined with the following
+line (the \e and the newline are completely removed).
+This is called line continuation and applies both inside and outside quoted
+strings and in comments, but not inside braces.
+.Pp
+Command arguments may be specified as strings surrounded by single (') quotes,
+double quotes (") or braces ({}).
+.\" "
+This is required when the argument contains any special character.
+Single and double quoted strings cannot span multiple lines except with line
+continuation.
+Braces can span multiple lines.
+.Pp
+Outside of quotes and inside double quotes, these replacements are performed:
+.Bl -dash -offset indent
+.It
+Environment variables preceded by $ are replaced with their value from the
+global environment (see the
+.Sx GLOBAL AND SESSION ENVIRONMENT
+section).
+.It
+A leading ~ or ~user is expanded to the home directory of the current or
+specified user.
+.It
+\euXXXX or \euXXXXXXXX is replaced by the Unicode codepoint corresponding to
+the given four or eight digit hexadecimal number.
+.It
+When preceded (escaped) by a \e, the following characters are replaced: \ee by
+the escape character; \er by a carriage return; \en by a newline; and \et by a
+tab.
+.It
+\eooo is replaced by a character of the octal value ooo.
+Three octal digits are required, for example \e001.
+The largest valid character is \e377.
+.It
+Any other characters preceded by \e are replaced by themselves (that is, the \e
+is removed) and are not treated as having any special meaning - so for example
+\e; will not mark a command sequence and \e$ will not expand an environment
+variable.
+.El
+.Pp
+Braces are parsed as a configuration file (so conditions such as
+.Ql %if
+are processed) and then converted into a string.
+They are designed to avoid the need for additional escaping when passing a
+group of
+.Nm
+commands as an argument (for example to
+.Ic if-shell ) .
+These two examples produce an identical command - note that no escaping is
+needed when using {}:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+if-shell true {
+    display -p 'brace-dollar-foo: }$foo'
+}
+
+if-shell true "display -p 'brace-dollar-foo: }\e$foo'"
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Braces may be enclosed inside braces, for example:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+bind x if-shell "true" {
+    if-shell "true" {
+        display "true!"
+    }
+}
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Environment variables may be set by using the syntax
+.Ql name=value ,
+for example
+.Ql HOME=/home/user .
+Variables set during parsing are added to the global environment.
+A hidden variable may be set with
+.Ql %hidden ,
+for example:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+%hidden MYVAR=42
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Hidden variables are not passed to the environment of processes created
+by tmux.
+See the
+.Sx GLOBAL AND SESSION ENVIRONMENT
+section.
+.Pp
+Commands may be parsed conditionally by surrounding them with
+.Ql %if ,
+.Ql %elif ,
+.Ql %else
+and
+.Ql %endif .
+The argument to
+.Ql %if
+and
+.Ql %elif
+is expanded as a format (see
+.Sx FORMATS )
+and if it evaluates to false (zero or empty), subsequent text is ignored until
+the closing
+.Ql %elif ,
+.Ql %else
+or
+.Ql %endif .
+For example:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+%if "#{==:#{host},myhost}"
+set -g status-style bg=red
+%elif "#{==:#{host},myotherhost}"
+set -g status-style bg=green
+%else
+set -g status-style bg=blue
+%endif
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Will change the status line to red if running on
+.Ql myhost ,
+green if running on
+.Ql myotherhost ,
+or blue if running on another host.
+Conditionals may be given on one line, for example:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+%if #{==:#{host},myhost} set -g status-style bg=red %endif
+.Ed
+.Sh COMMANDS
+This section describes the commands supported by
+.Nm .
+Most commands accept the optional
+.Fl t
+(and sometimes
+.Fl s )
+argument with one of
+.Ar target-client ,
+.Ar target-session ,
+.Ar target-window ,
+or
+.Ar target-pane .
+These specify the client, session, window or pane which a command should affect.
+.Pp
+.Ar target-client
+should be the name of the client,
+typically the
+.Xr pty 4
+file to which the client is connected, for example either of
+.Pa /dev/ttyp1
+or
+.Pa ttyp1
+for the client attached to
+.Pa /dev/ttyp1 .
+If no client is specified,
+.Nm
+attempts to work out the client currently in use; if that fails, an error is
+reported.
+Clients may be listed with the
+.Ic list-clients
+command.
+.Pp
+.Ar target-session
+is tried as, in order:
+.Bl -enum -offset Ds
+.It
+A session ID prefixed with a $.
+.It
+An exact name of a session (as listed by the
+.Ic list-sessions
+command).
+.It
+The start of a session name, for example
+.Ql mysess
+would match a session named
+.Ql mysession .
+.It
+An
+.Xr fnmatch 3
+pattern which is matched against the session name.
+.El
+.Pp
+If the session name is prefixed with an
+.Ql = ,
+only an exact match is accepted (so
+.Ql =mysess
+will only match exactly
+.Ql mysess ,
+not
+.Ql mysession ) .
+.Pp
+If a single session is found, it is used as the target session; multiple matches
+produce an error.
+If a session is omitted, the current session is used if available; if no
+current session is available, the most recently used is chosen.
+.Pp
+.Ar target-window
+(or
+.Ar src-window
+or
+.Ar dst-window )
+specifies a window in the form
+.Em session Ns \&: Ns Em window .
+.Em session
+follows the same rules as for
+.Ar target-session ,
+and
+.Em window
+is looked for in order as:
+.Bl -enum -offset Ds
+.It
+A special token, listed below.
+.It
+A window index, for example
+.Ql mysession:1
+is window 1 in session
+.Ql mysession .
+.It
+A window ID, such as @1.
+.It
+An exact window name, such as
+.Ql mysession:mywindow .
+.It
+The start of a window name, such as
+.Ql mysession:mywin .
+.It
+As an
+.Xr fnmatch 3
+pattern matched against the window name.
+.El
+.Pp
+Like sessions, a
+.Ql =
+prefix will do an exact match only.
+An empty window name specifies the next unused index if appropriate (for
+example the
+.Ic new-window
+and
+.Ic link-window
+commands)
+otherwise the current window in
+.Em session
+is chosen.
+.Pp
+The following special tokens are available to indicate particular windows.
+Each has a single-character alternative form.
+.Bl -column "XXXXXXXXXX" "X"
+.It Sy "Token" Ta Sy "" Ta Sy "Meaning"
+.It Li "{start}" Ta "^" Ta "The lowest-numbered window"
+.It Li "{end}" Ta "$" Ta "The highest-numbered window"
+.It Li "{last}" Ta "!" Ta "The last (previously current) window"
+.It Li "{next}" Ta "+" Ta "The next window by number"
+.It Li "{previous}" Ta "-" Ta "The previous window by number"
+.El
+.Pp
+.Ar target-pane
+(or
+.Ar src-pane
+or
+.Ar dst-pane )
+may be a pane ID or takes a similar form to
+.Ar target-window
+but with the optional addition of a period followed by a pane index or pane ID,
+for example:
+.Ql mysession:mywindow.1 .
+If the pane index is omitted, the currently active pane in the specified
+window is used.
+The following special tokens are available for the pane index:
+.Bl -column "XXXXXXXXXXXXXX" "X"
+.It Sy "Token" Ta Sy "" Ta Sy "Meaning"
+.It Li "{last}" Ta "!" Ta "The last (previously active) pane"
+.It Li "{next}" Ta "+" Ta "The next pane by number"
+.It Li "{previous}" Ta "-" Ta "The previous pane by number"
+.It Li "{top}" Ta "" Ta "The top pane"
+.It Li "{bottom}" Ta "" Ta "The bottom pane"
+.It Li "{left}" Ta "" Ta "The leftmost pane"
+.It Li "{right}" Ta "" Ta "The rightmost pane"
+.It Li "{top-left}" Ta "" Ta "The top-left pane"
+.It Li "{top-right}" Ta "" Ta "The top-right pane"
+.It Li "{bottom-left}" Ta "" Ta "The bottom-left pane"
+.It Li "{bottom-right}" Ta "" Ta "The bottom-right pane"
+.It Li "{up-of}" Ta "" Ta "The pane above the active pane"
+.It Li "{down-of}" Ta "" Ta "The pane below the active pane"
+.It Li "{left-of}" Ta "" Ta "The pane to the left of the active pane"
+.It Li "{right-of}" Ta "" Ta "The pane to the right of the active pane"
+.El
+.Pp
+The tokens
+.Ql +
+and
+.Ql -
+may be followed by an offset, for example:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+select-window -t:+2
+.Ed
+.Pp
+In addition,
+.Em target-session ,
+.Em target-window
+or
+.Em target-pane
+may consist entirely of the token
+.Ql {mouse}
+(alternative form
+.Ql = )
+to specify the session, window or pane where the most recent mouse event occurred
+(see the
+.Sx MOUSE SUPPORT
+section)
+or
+.Ql {marked}
+(alternative form
+.Ql ~ )
+to specify the marked pane (see
+.Ic select-pane
+.Fl m ) .
+.Pp
+Sessions, window and panes are each numbered with a unique ID; session IDs are
+prefixed with a
+.Ql $ ,
+windows with a
+.Ql @ ,
+and panes with a
+.Ql % .
+These are unique and are unchanged for the life of the session, window or pane
+in the
+.Nm
+server.
+The pane ID is passed to the child process of the pane in the
+.Ev TMUX_PANE
+environment variable.
+IDs may be displayed using the
+.Ql session_id ,
+.Ql window_id ,
+or
+.Ql pane_id
+formats (see the
+.Sx FORMATS
+section) and the
+.Ic display-message ,
+.Ic list-sessions ,
+.Ic list-windows
+or
+.Ic list-panes
+commands.
+.Pp
+.Ar shell-command
+arguments are
+.Xr sh 1
+commands.
+This may be a single argument passed to the shell, for example:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+new-window 'vi ~/.tmux.conf'
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Will run:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+/bin/sh -c 'vi ~/.tmux.conf'
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Additionally, the
+.Ic new-window ,
+.Ic new-session ,
+.Ic split-window ,
+.Ic respawn-window
+and
+.Ic respawn-pane
+commands allow
+.Ar shell-command
+to be given as multiple arguments and executed directly (without
+.Ql sh -c ) .
+This can avoid issues with shell quoting.
+For example:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+$ tmux new-window vi ~/.tmux.conf
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Will run
+.Xr vi 1
+directly without invoking the shell.
+.Pp
+.Ar command
+.Op Ar arguments
+refers to a
+.Nm
+command, either passed with the command and arguments separately, for example:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+bind-key F1 set-option status off
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Or passed as a single string argument in
+.Pa .tmux.conf ,
+for example:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+bind-key F1 { set-option status off }
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Example
+.Nm
+commands include:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+refresh-client -t/dev/ttyp2
+
+rename-session -tfirst newname
+
+set-option -wt:0 monitor-activity on
+
+new-window ; split-window -d
+
+bind-key R source-file ~/.tmux.conf \e; \e
+	display-message "source-file done"
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Or from
+.Xr sh 1 :
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+$ tmux kill-window -t :1
+
+$ tmux new-window \e; split-window -d
+
+$ tmux new-session -d 'vi ~/.tmux.conf' \e; split-window -d \e; attach
+.Ed
+.Sh CLIENTS AND SESSIONS
+The
+.Nm
+server manages clients, sessions, windows and panes.
+Clients are attached to sessions to interact with them, either
+when they are created with the
+.Ic new-session
+command, or later with the
+.Ic attach-session
+command.
+Each session has one or more windows
+.Em linked
+into it.
+Windows may be linked to multiple sessions and are made up of one or
+more panes,
+each of which contains a pseudo terminal.
+Commands for creating, linking and otherwise manipulating windows
+are covered
+in the
+.Sx WINDOWS AND PANES
+section.
+.Pp
+The following commands are available to manage clients and sessions:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.Tg attach
+.It Xo Ic attach-session
+.Op Fl dErx
+.Op Fl c Ar working-directory
+.Op Fl f Ar flags
+.Op Fl t Ar target-session
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic attach
+If run from outside
+.Nm ,
+create a new client in the current terminal and attach it to
+.Ar target-session .
+If used from inside, switch the current client.
+If
+.Fl d
+is specified, any other clients attached to the session are detached.
+If
+.Fl x
+is given, send
+.Dv SIGHUP
+to the parent process of the client as well as
+detaching the client, typically causing it to exit.
+.Fl f
+sets a comma-separated list of client flags.
+The flags are:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It active-pane
+the client has an independent active pane
+.It ignore-size
+the client does not affect the size of other clients
+.It no-output
+the client does not receive pane output in control mode
+.It pause-after=seconds
+output is paused once the pane is
+.Ar seconds
+behind in control mode
+.It read-only
+the client is read-only
+.It wait-exit
+wait for an empty line input before exiting in control mode
+.El
+.Pp
+A leading
+.Ql \&!
+turns a flag off if the client is already attached.
+.Fl r
+is an alias for
+.Fl f
+.Ar read-only,ignore-size .
+When a client is read-only, only keys bound to the
+.Ic detach-client
+or
+.Ic switch-client
+commands have any effect.
+A client with the
+.Ar active-pane
+flag allows the active pane to be selected independently of the window's active
+pane used by clients without the flag.
+This only affects the cursor position and commands issued from the client;
+other features such as hooks and styles continue to use the window's active
+pane.
+.Pp
+If no server is started,
+.Ic attach-session
+will attempt to start it; this will fail unless sessions are created in the
+configuration file.
+.Pp
+The
+.Ar target-session
+rules for
+.Ic attach-session
+are slightly adjusted: if
+.Nm
+needs to select the most recently used session, it will prefer the most
+recently used
+.Em unattached
+session.
+.Pp
+.Fl c
+will set the session working directory (used for new windows) to
+.Ar working-directory .
+.Pp
+If
+.Fl E
+is used, the
+.Ic update-environment
+option will not be applied.
+.Tg detach
+.It Xo Ic detach-client
+.Op Fl aP
+.Op Fl E Ar shell-command
+.Op Fl s Ar target-session
+.Op Fl t Ar target-client
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic detach
+Detach the current client if bound to a key, the client specified with
+.Fl t ,
+or all clients currently attached to the session specified by
+.Fl s .
+The
+.Fl a
+option kills all but the client given with
+.Fl t .
+If
+.Fl P
+is given, send
+.Dv SIGHUP
+to the parent process of the client, typically causing it
+to exit.
+With
+.Fl E ,
+run
+.Ar shell-command
+to replace the client.
+.Tg has
+.It Ic has-session Op Fl t Ar target-session
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic has
+Report an error and exit with 1 if the specified session does not exist.
+If it does exist, exit with 0.
+.It Ic kill-server
+Kill the
+.Nm
+server and clients and destroy all sessions.
+.It Xo Ic kill-session
+.Op Fl aC
+.Op Fl t Ar target-session
+.Xc
+Destroy the given session, closing any windows linked to it and no other
+sessions, and detaching all clients attached to it.
+If
+.Fl a
+is given, all sessions but the specified one is killed.
+The
+.Fl C
+flag clears alerts (bell, activity, or silence) in all windows linked to the
+session.
+.Tg lsc
+.It Xo Ic list-clients
+.Op Fl F Ar format
+.Op Fl t Ar target-session
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic lsc
+List all clients attached to the server.
+For the meaning of the
+.Fl F
+flag, see the
+.Sx FORMATS
+section.
+If
+.Ar target-session
+is specified, list only clients connected to that session.
+.Tg lscm
+.It Xo Ic list-commands
+.Op Fl F Ar format
+.Op Ar command
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic lscm
+List the syntax of
+.Ar command
+or - if omitted - of all commands supported by
+.Nm .
+.Tg ls
+.It Xo Ic list-sessions
+.Op Fl F Ar format
+.Op Fl f Ar filter
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic ls
+List all sessions managed by the server.
+.Fl F
+specifies the format of each line and
+.Fl f
+a filter.
+Only sessions for which the filter is true are shown.
+See the
+.Sx FORMATS
+section.
+.Tg lockc
+.It Ic lock-client Op Fl t Ar target-client
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic lockc
+Lock
+.Ar target-client ,
+see the
+.Ic lock-server
+command.
+.Tg locks
+.It Ic lock-session Op Fl t Ar target-session
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic locks
+Lock all clients attached to
+.Ar target-session .
+.Tg new
+.It Xo Ic new-session
+.Op Fl AdDEPX
+.Op Fl c Ar start-directory
+.Op Fl e Ar environment
+.Op Fl f Ar flags
+.Op Fl F Ar format
+.Op Fl n Ar window-name
+.Op Fl s Ar session-name
+.Op Fl t Ar group-name
+.Op Fl x Ar width
+.Op Fl y Ar height
+.Op Ar shell-command
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic new
+Create a new session with name
+.Ar session-name .
+.Pp
+The new session is attached to the current terminal unless
+.Fl d
+is given.
+.Ar window-name
+and
+.Ar shell-command
+are the name of and shell command to execute in the initial window.
+With
+.Fl d ,
+the initial size comes from the global
+.Ic default-size
+option;
+.Fl x
+and
+.Fl y
+can be used to specify a different size.
+.Ql -
+uses the size of the current client if any.
+If
+.Fl x
+or
+.Fl y
+is given, the
+.Ic default-size
+option is set for the session.
+.Fl f
+sets a comma-separated list of client flags (see
+.Ic attach-session ) .
+.Pp
+If run from a terminal, any
+.Xr termios 4
+special characters are saved and used for new windows in the new session.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl A
+flag makes
+.Ic new-session
+behave like
+.Ic attach-session
+if
+.Ar session-name
+already exists; in this case,
+.Fl D
+behaves like
+.Fl d
+to
+.Ic attach-session ,
+and
+.Fl X
+behaves like
+.Fl x
+to
+.Ic attach-session .
+.Pp
+If
+.Fl t
+is given, it specifies a
+.Ic session group .
+Sessions in the same group share the same set of windows - new windows are
+linked to all sessions in the group and any windows closed removed from all
+sessions.
+The current and previous window and any session options remain independent and
+any session in a group may be killed without affecting the others.
+The
+.Ar group-name
+argument may be:
+.Bl -enum -width Ds
+.It
+the name of an existing group, in which case the new session is added to that
+group;
+.It
+the name of an existing session - the new session is added to the same group
+as that session, creating a new group if necessary;
+.It
+the name for a new group containing only the new session.
+.El
+.Pp
+.Fl n
+and
+.Ar shell-command
+are invalid if
+.Fl t
+is used.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl P
+option prints information about the new session after it has been created.
+By default, it uses the format
+.Ql #{session_name}:\&
+but a different format may be specified with
+.Fl F .
+.Pp
+If
+.Fl E
+is used, the
+.Ic update-environment
+option will not be applied.
+.Fl e
+takes the form
+.Ql VARIABLE=value
+and sets an environment variable for the newly created session; it may be
+specified multiple times.
+.Tg refresh
+.It Xo Ic refresh-client
+.Op Fl cDLRSU
+.Op Fl A Ar pane:state
+.Op Fl B Ar name:what:format
+.Op Fl C Ar size
+.Op Fl f Ar flags
+.Op Fl l Op Ar target-pane
+.Op Fl t Ar target-client
+.Op Ar adjustment
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic refresh
+Refresh the current client if bound to a key, or a single client if one is given
+with
+.Fl t .
+If
+.Fl S
+is specified, only update the client's status line.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl U ,
+.Fl D ,
+.Fl L
+.Fl R ,
+and
+.Fl c
+flags allow the visible portion of a window which is larger than the client
+to be changed.
+.Fl U
+moves the visible part up by
+.Ar adjustment
+rows and
+.Fl D
+down,
+.Fl L
+left by
+.Ar adjustment
+columns and
+.Fl R
+right.
+.Fl c
+returns to tracking the cursor automatically.
+If
+.Ar adjustment
+is omitted, 1 is used.
+Note that the visible position is a property of the client not of the
+window, changing the current window in the attached session will reset
+it.
+.Pp
+.Fl C
+sets the width and height of a control mode client or of a window for a
+control mode client,
+.Ar size
+must be one of
+.Ql widthxheight
+or
+.Ql window ID:widthxheight ,
+for example
+.Ql 80x24
+or
+.Ql @0:80x24 .
+.Fl A
+allows a control mode client to trigger actions on a pane.
+The argument is a pane ID (with leading
+.Ql % ) ,
+a colon, then one of
+.Ql on ,
+.Ql off ,
+.Ql continue
+or
+.Ql pause .
+If
+.Ql off ,
+.Nm
+will not send output from the pane to the client and if all clients have turned
+the pane off, will stop reading from the pane.
+If
+.Ql continue ,
+.Nm
+will return to sending output to the pane if it was paused (manually or with the
+.Ar pause-after
+flag).
+If
+.Ql pause ,
+.Nm
+will pause the pane.
+.Fl A
+may be given multiple times for different panes.
+.Pp
+.Fl B
+sets a subscription to a format for a control mode client.
+The argument is split into three items by colons:
+.Ar name
+is a name for the subscription;
+.Ar what
+is a type of item to subscribe to;
+.Ar format
+is the format.
+After a subscription is added, changes to the format are reported with the
+.Ic %subscription-changed
+notification, at most once a second.
+If only the name is given, the subscription is removed.
+.Ar what
+may be empty to check the format only for the attached session, or one of:
+a pane ID such as
+.Ql %0 ;
+.Ql %*
+for all panes in the attached session;
+a window ID such as
+.Ql @0 ;
+or
+.Ql @*
+for all windows in the attached session.
+.Pp
+.Fl f
+sets a comma-separated list of client flags, see
+.Ic attach-session .
+.Pp
+.Fl l
+requests the clipboard from the client using the
+.Xr xterm 1
+escape sequence.
+If
+Ar target-pane
+is given, the clipboard is sent (in encoded form), otherwise it is stored in a
+new paste buffer.
+.Pp
+.Fl L ,
+.Fl R ,
+.Fl U
+and
+.Fl D
+move the visible portion of the window left, right, up or down
+by
+.Ar adjustment ,
+if the window is larger than the client.
+.Fl c
+resets so that the position follows the cursor.
+See the
+.Ic window-size
+option.
+.Tg rename
+.It Xo Ic rename-session
+.Op Fl t Ar target-session
+.Ar new-name
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic rename
+Rename the session to
+.Ar new-name .
+.It Xo Ic server-access
+.Op Fl adlrw
+.Op Ar user
+.Xc
+Change the access or read/write permission of
+.Ar user .
+The user running the
+.Nm
+server (its owner) and the root user cannot be changed and are always
+permitted access.
+.Pp
+.Fl a
+and
+.Fl d
+are used to give or revoke access for the specified user.
+If the user is already attached, the
+.Fl d
+flag causes their clients to be detached.
+.Pp
+.Fl r
+and
+.Fl w
+change the permissions for
+.Ar user :
+.Fl r
+makes their clients read-only and
+.Fl w
+writable.
+.Fl l
+lists current access permissions.
+.Pp
+By default, the access list is empty and
+.Nm
+creates sockets with file system permissions preventing access by any user
+other than the owner (and root).
+These permissions must be changed manually.
+Great care should be taken not to allow access to untrusted users even
+read-only.
+.Tg showmsgs
+.It Xo Ic show-messages
+.Op Fl JT
+.Op Fl t Ar target-client
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic showmsgs
+Show server messages or information.
+Messages are stored, up to a maximum of the limit set by the
+.Ar message-limit
+server option.
+.Fl J
+and
+.Fl T
+show debugging information about jobs and terminals.
+.Tg source
+.It Xo Ic source-file
+.Op Fl Fnqv
+.Ar path
+.Ar ...
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic source
+Execute commands from one or more files specified by
+.Ar path
+(which may be
+.Xr glob 7
+patterns).
+If
+.Fl F
+is present, then
+.Ar path
+is expanded as a format.
+If
+.Fl q
+is given, no error will be returned if
+.Ar path
+does not exist.
+With
+.Fl n ,
+the file is parsed but no commands are executed.
+.Fl v
+shows the parsed commands and line numbers if possible.
+.Tg start
+.It Ic start-server
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic start
+Start the
+.Nm
+server, if not already running, without creating any sessions.
+.Pp
+Note that as by default the
+.Nm
+server will exit with no sessions, this is only useful if a session is created in
+.Pa ~/.tmux.conf ,
+.Ic exit-empty
+is turned off, or another command is run as part of the same command sequence.
+For example:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+$ tmux start \\; show -g
+.Ed
+.Tg suspendc
+.It Xo Ic suspend-client
+.Op Fl t Ar target-client
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic suspendc
+Suspend a client by sending
+.Dv SIGTSTP
+(tty stop).
+.Tg switchc
+.It Xo Ic switch-client
+.Op Fl ElnprZ
+.Op Fl c Ar target-client
+.Op Fl t Ar target-session
+.Op Fl T Ar key-table
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic switchc
+Switch the current session for client
+.Ar target-client
+to
+.Ar target-session .
+As a special case,
+.Fl t
+may refer to a pane (a target that contains
+.Ql \&: ,
+.Ql \&.
+or
+.Ql % ) ,
+to change session, window and pane.
+In that case,
+.Fl Z
+keeps the window zoomed if it was zoomed.
+If
+.Fl l ,
+.Fl n
+or
+.Fl p
+is used, the client is moved to the last, next or previous session
+respectively.
+.Fl r
+toggles the client
+.Ic read-only
+and
+.Ic ignore-size
+flags (see the
+.Ic attach-session
+command).
+.Pp
+If
+.Fl E
+is used,
+.Ic update-environment
+option will not be applied.
+.Pp
+.Fl T
+sets the client's key table; the next key from the client will be interpreted
+from
+.Ar key-table .
+This may be used to configure multiple prefix keys, or to bind commands to
+sequences of keys.
+For example, to make typing
+.Ql abc
+run the
+.Ic list-keys
+command:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+bind-key -Ttable2 c list-keys
+bind-key -Ttable1 b switch-client -Ttable2
+bind-key -Troot   a switch-client -Ttable1
+.Ed
+.El
+.Sh WINDOWS AND PANES
+Each window displayed by
+.Nm
+may be split into one or more
+.Em panes ;
+each pane takes up a certain area of the display and is a separate terminal.
+A window may be split into panes using the
+.Ic split-window
+command.
+Windows may be split horizontally (with the
+.Fl h
+flag) or vertically.
+Panes may be resized with the
+.Ic resize-pane
+command (bound to
+.Ql C-Up ,
+.Ql C-Down
+.Ql C-Left
+and
+.Ql C-Right
+by default), the current pane may be changed with the
+.Ic select-pane
+command and the
+.Ic rotate-window
+and
+.Ic swap-pane
+commands may be used to swap panes without changing their position.
+Panes are numbered beginning from zero in the order they are created.
+.Pp
+By default, a
+.Nm
+pane permits direct access to the terminal contained in the pane.
+A pane may also be put into one of several modes:
+.Bl -dash -offset indent
+.It
+Copy mode, which permits a section of a window or its
+history to be copied to a
+.Em paste buffer
+for later insertion into another window.
+This mode is entered with the
+.Ic copy-mode
+command, bound to
+.Ql \&[
+by default.
+Copied text can be pasted with the
+.Ic paste-buffer
+command, bound to
+.Ql \&] .
+.It
+View mode, which is like copy mode but is entered when a command that produces
+output, such as
+.Ic list-keys ,
+is executed from a key binding.
+.It
+Choose mode, which allows an item to be chosen from a list.
+This may be a client, a session or window or pane, or a buffer.
+This mode is entered with the
+.Ic choose-buffer ,
+.Ic choose-client
+and
+.Ic choose-tree
+commands.
+.El
+.Pp
+In copy mode an indicator is displayed in the top-right corner of the pane with
+the current position and the number of lines in the history.
+.Pp
+Commands are sent to copy mode using the
+.Fl X
+flag to the
+.Ic send-keys
+command.
+When a key is pressed, copy mode automatically uses one of two key tables,
+depending on the
+.Ic mode-keys
+option:
+.Ic copy-mode
+for emacs, or
+.Ic copy-mode-vi
+for vi.
+Key tables may be viewed with the
+.Ic list-keys
+command.
+.Pp
+The following commands are supported in copy mode:
+.Bl -column "CommandXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX" "viXXXXXXXXXX" "emacs" -offset indent
+.It Sy "Command" Ta Sy "vi" Ta Sy "emacs"
+.It Li "append-selection" Ta "" Ta ""
+.It Li "append-selection-and-cancel" Ta "A" Ta ""
+.It Li "back-to-indentation" Ta "^" Ta "M-m"
+.It Li "begin-selection" Ta "Space" Ta "C-Space"
+.It Li "bottom-line" Ta "L" Ta ""
+.It Li "cancel" Ta "q" Ta "Escape"
+.It Li "clear-selection" Ta "Escape" Ta "C-g"
+.It Li "copy-end-of-line [<prefix>]" Ta "" Ta ""
+.It Li "copy-end-of-line-and-cancel [<prefix>]" Ta "" Ta ""
+.It Li "copy-pipe-end-of-line [<command>] [<prefix>]" Ta "" Ta ""
+.It Li "copy-pipe-end-of-line-and-cancel [<command>] [<prefix>]" Ta "D" Ta "C-k"
+.It Li "copy-line [<prefix>]" Ta "" Ta ""
+.It Li "copy-line-and-cancel [<prefix>]" Ta "" Ta ""
+.It Li "copy-pipe-line [<command>] [<prefix>]" Ta "" Ta ""
+.It Li "copy-pipe-line-and-cancel [<command>] [<prefix>]" Ta "" Ta ""
+.It Li "copy-pipe [<command>] [<prefix>]" Ta "" Ta ""
+.It Li "copy-pipe-no-clear [<command>] [<prefix>]" Ta "" Ta ""
+.It Li "copy-pipe-and-cancel [<command>] [<prefix>]" Ta "" Ta ""
+.It Li "copy-selection [<prefix>]" Ta "" Ta ""
+.It Li "copy-selection-no-clear [<prefix>]" Ta "" Ta ""
+.It Li "copy-selection-and-cancel [<prefix>]" Ta "Enter" Ta "M-w"
+.It Li "cursor-down" Ta "j" Ta "Down"
+.It Li "cursor-down-and-cancel" Ta "" Ta ""
+.It Li "cursor-left" Ta "h" Ta "Left"
+.It Li "cursor-right" Ta "l" Ta "Right"
+.It Li "cursor-up" Ta "k" Ta "Up"
+.It Li "end-of-line" Ta "$" Ta "C-e"
+.It Li "goto-line <line>" Ta ":" Ta "g"
+.It Li "halfpage-down" Ta "C-d" Ta "M-Down"
+.It Li "halfpage-down-and-cancel" Ta "" Ta ""
+.It Li "halfpage-up" Ta "C-u" Ta "M-Up"
+.It Li "history-bottom" Ta "G" Ta "M->"
+.It Li "history-top" Ta "g" Ta "M-<"
+.It Li "jump-again" Ta ";" Ta ";"
+.It Li "jump-backward <to>" Ta "F" Ta "F"
+.It Li "jump-forward <to>" Ta "f" Ta "f"
+.It Li "jump-reverse" Ta "," Ta ","
+.It Li "jump-to-backward <to>" Ta "T" Ta ""
+.It Li "jump-to-forward <to>" Ta "t" Ta ""
+.It Li "jump-to-mark" Ta "M-x" Ta "M-x"
+.It Li "middle-line" Ta "M" Ta "M-r"
+.It Li "next-matching-bracket" Ta "%" Ta "M-C-f"
+.It Li "next-paragraph" Ta "}" Ta "M-}"
+.It Li "next-space" Ta "W" Ta ""
+.It Li "next-space-end" Ta "E" Ta ""
+.It Li "next-word" Ta "w" Ta ""
+.It Li "next-word-end" Ta "e" Ta "M-f"
+.It Li "other-end" Ta "o" Ta ""
+.It Li "page-down" Ta "C-f" Ta "PageDown"
+.It Li "page-down-and-cancel" Ta "" Ta ""
+.It Li "page-up" Ta "C-b" Ta "PageUp"
+.It Li "pipe [<command>] [<prefix>]" Ta "" Ta ""
+.It Li "pipe-no-clear [<command>] [<prefix>]" Ta "" Ta ""
+.It Li "pipe-and-cancel [<command>] [<prefix>]" Ta "" Ta ""
+.It Li "previous-matching-bracket" Ta "" Ta "M-C-b"
+.It Li "previous-paragraph" Ta "{" Ta "M-{"
+.It Li "previous-space" Ta "B" Ta ""
+.It Li "previous-word" Ta "b" Ta "M-b"
+.It Li "rectangle-on" Ta "" Ta ""
+.It Li "rectangle-off" Ta "" Ta ""
+.It Li "rectangle-toggle" Ta "v" Ta "R"
+.It Li "refresh-from-pane" Ta "r" Ta "r"
+.It Li "scroll-down" Ta "C-e" Ta "C-Down"
+.It Li "scroll-down-and-cancel" Ta "" Ta ""
+.It Li "scroll-up" Ta "C-y" Ta "C-Up"
+.It Li "search-again" Ta "n" Ta "n"
+.It Li "search-backward <for>" Ta "?" Ta ""
+.It Li "search-backward-incremental <for>" Ta "" Ta "C-r"
+.It Li "search-backward-text <for>" Ta "" Ta ""
+.It Li "search-forward <for>" Ta "/" Ta ""
+.It Li "search-forward-incremental <for>" Ta "" Ta "C-s"
+.It Li "search-forward-text <for>" Ta "" Ta ""
+.It Li "search-reverse" Ta "N" Ta "N"
+.It Li "select-line" Ta "V" Ta ""
+.It Li "select-word" Ta "" Ta ""
+.It Li "set-mark" Ta "X" Ta "X"
+.It Li "start-of-line" Ta "0" Ta "C-a"
+.It Li "stop-selection" Ta "" Ta ""
+.It Li "toggle-position" Ta "P" Ta "P"
+.It Li "top-line" Ta "H" Ta "M-R"
+.El
+.Pp
+The search commands come in several varieties:
+.Ql search-forward
+and
+.Ql search-backward
+search for a regular expression;
+the
+.Ql -text
+variants search for a plain text string rather than a regular expression;
+.Ql -incremental
+perform an incremental search and expect to be used with the
+.Fl i
+flag to the
+.Ic command-prompt
+command.
+.Ql search-again
+repeats the last search and
+.Ql search-reverse
+does the same but reverses the direction (forward becomes backward and backward
+becomes forward).
+.Pp
+Copy commands may take an optional buffer prefix argument which is used
+to generate the buffer name (the default is
+.Ql buffer
+so buffers are named
+.Ql buffer0 ,
+.Ql buffer1
+and so on).
+Pipe commands take a command argument which is the command to which the
+selected text is piped.
+.Ql copy-pipe
+variants also copy the selection.
+The
+.Ql -and-cancel
+variants of some commands exit copy mode after they have completed (for copy
+commands) or when the cursor reaches the bottom (for scrolling commands).
+.Ql -no-clear
+variants do not clear the selection.
+.Pp
+The next and previous word keys skip over whitespace and treat consecutive
+runs of either word separators or other letters as words.
+Word separators can be customized with the
+.Em word-separators
+session option.
+Next word moves to the start of the next word, next word end to the end of the
+next word and previous word to the start of the previous word.
+The three next and previous space keys work similarly but use a space alone as
+the word separator.
+Setting
+.Em word-separators
+to the empty string makes next/previous word equivalent to next/previous space.
+.Pp
+The jump commands enable quick movement within a line.
+For instance, typing
+.Ql f
+followed by
+.Ql /
+will move the cursor to the next
+.Ql /
+character on the current line.
+A
+.Ql \&;
+will then jump to the next occurrence.
+.Pp
+Commands in copy mode may be prefaced by an optional repeat count.
+With vi key bindings, a prefix is entered using the number keys; with
+emacs, the Alt (meta) key and a number begins prefix entry.
+.Pp
+The synopsis for the
+.Ic copy-mode
+command is:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Xo Ic copy-mode
+.Op Fl eHMqu
+.Op Fl s Ar src-pane
+.Op Fl t Ar target-pane
+.Xc
+Enter copy mode.
+The
+.Fl u
+option scrolls one page up.
+.Fl M
+begins a mouse drag (only valid if bound to a mouse key binding, see
+.Sx MOUSE SUPPORT ) .
+.Fl H
+hides the position indicator in the top right.
+.Fl q
+cancels copy mode and any other modes.
+.Fl s
+copies from
+.Ar src-pane
+instead of
+.Ar target-pane .
+.Pp
+.Fl e
+specifies that scrolling to the bottom of the history (to the visible screen)
+should exit copy mode.
+While in copy mode, pressing a key other than those used for scrolling will
+disable this behaviour.
+This is intended to allow fast scrolling through a pane's history, for
+example with:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+bind PageUp copy-mode -eu
+.Ed
+.El
+.Pp
+A number of preset arrangements of panes are available, these are called layouts.
+These may be selected with the
+.Ic select-layout
+command or cycled with
+.Ic next-layout
+(bound to
+.Ql Space
+by default); once a layout is chosen, panes within it may be moved and resized
+as normal.
+.Pp
+The following layouts are supported:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic even-horizontal
+Panes are spread out evenly from left to right across the window.
+.It Ic even-vertical
+Panes are spread evenly from top to bottom.
+.It Ic main-horizontal
+A large (main) pane is shown at the top of the window and the remaining panes
+are spread from left to right in the leftover space at the bottom.
+Use the
+.Em main-pane-height
+window option to specify the height of the top pane.
+.It Ic main-vertical
+Similar to
+.Ic main-horizontal
+but the large pane is placed on the left and the others spread from top to
+bottom along the right.
+See the
+.Em main-pane-width
+window option.
+.It Ic tiled
+Panes are spread out as evenly as possible over the window in both rows and
+columns.
+.El
+.Pp
+In addition,
+.Ic select-layout
+may be used to apply a previously used layout - the
+.Ic list-windows
+command displays the layout of each window in a form suitable for use with
+.Ic select-layout .
+For example:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+$ tmux list-windows
+0: ksh [159x48]
+    layout: bb62,159x48,0,0{79x48,0,0,79x48,80,0}
+$ tmux select-layout bb62,159x48,0,0{79x48,0,0,79x48,80,0}
+.Ed
+.Pp
+.Nm
+automatically adjusts the size of the layout for the current window size.
+Note that a layout cannot be applied to a window with more panes than that
+from which the layout was originally defined.
+.Pp
+Commands related to windows and panes are as follows:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.Tg breakp
+.It Xo Ic break-pane
+.Op Fl abdP
+.Op Fl F Ar format
+.Op Fl n Ar window-name
+.Op Fl s Ar src-pane
+.Op Fl t Ar dst-window
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic breakp
+Break
+.Ar src-pane
+off from its containing window to make it the only pane in
+.Ar dst-window .
+With
+.Fl a
+or
+.Fl b ,
+the window is moved to the next index after or before (existing windows are
+moved if necessary).
+If
+.Fl d
+is given, the new window does not become the current window.
+The
+.Fl P
+option prints information about the new window after it has been created.
+By default, it uses the format
+.Ql #{session_name}:#{window_index}.#{pane_index}
+but a different format may be specified with
+.Fl F .
+.Tg capturep
+.It Xo Ic capture-pane
+.Op Fl aepPqCJN
+.Op Fl b Ar buffer-name
+.Op Fl E Ar end-line
+.Op Fl S Ar start-line
+.Op Fl t Ar target-pane
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic capturep
+Capture the contents of a pane.
+If
+.Fl p
+is given, the output goes to stdout, otherwise to the buffer specified with
+.Fl b
+or a new buffer if omitted.
+If
+.Fl a
+is given, the alternate screen is used, and the history is not accessible.
+If no alternate screen exists, an error will be returned unless
+.Fl q
+is given.
+If
+.Fl e
+is given, the output includes escape sequences for text and background
+attributes.
+.Fl C
+also escapes non-printable characters as octal \exxx.
+.Fl N
+preserves trailing spaces at each line's end and
+.Fl J
+preserves trailing spaces and joins any wrapped lines.
+.Fl P
+captures only any output that the pane has received that is the beginning of an
+as-yet incomplete escape sequence.
+.Pp
+.Fl S
+and
+.Fl E
+specify the starting and ending line numbers, zero is the first line of the
+visible pane and negative numbers are lines in the history.
+.Ql -
+to
+.Fl S
+is the start of the history and to
+.Fl E
+the end of the visible pane.
+The default is to capture only the visible contents of the pane.
+.It Xo
+.Ic choose-client
+.Op Fl NrZ
+.Op Fl F Ar format
+.Op Fl f Ar filter
+.Op Fl K Ar key-format
+.Op Fl O Ar sort-order
+.Op Fl t Ar target-pane
+.Op Ar template
+.Xc
+Put a pane into client mode, allowing a client to be selected interactively from
+a list.
+Each client is shown on one line.
+A shortcut key is shown on the left in brackets allowing for immediate choice,
+or the list may be navigated and an item chosen or otherwise manipulated using
+the keys below.
+.Fl Z
+zooms the pane.
+The following keys may be used in client mode:
+.Bl -column "Key" "Function" -offset indent
+.It Sy "Key" Ta Sy "Function"
+.It Li "Enter" Ta "Choose selected client"
+.It Li "Up" Ta "Select previous client"
+.It Li "Down" Ta "Select next client"
+.It Li "C-s" Ta "Search by name"
+.It Li "n" Ta "Repeat last search"
+.It Li "t" Ta "Toggle if client is tagged"
+.It Li "T" Ta "Tag no clients"
+.It Li "C-t" Ta "Tag all clients"
+.It Li "d" Ta "Detach selected client"
+.It Li "D" Ta "Detach tagged clients"
+.It Li "x" Ta "Detach and HUP selected client"
+.It Li "X" Ta "Detach and HUP tagged clients"
+.It Li "z" Ta "Suspend selected client"
+.It Li "Z" Ta "Suspend tagged clients"
+.It Li "f" Ta "Enter a format to filter items"
+.It Li "O" Ta "Change sort field"
+.It Li "r" Ta "Reverse sort order"
+.It Li "v" Ta "Toggle preview"
+.It Li "q" Ta "Exit mode"
+.El
+.Pp
+After a client is chosen,
+.Ql %%
+is replaced by the client name in
+.Ar template
+and the result executed as a command.
+If
+.Ar template
+is not given, "detach-client -t '%%'" is used.
+.Pp
+.Fl O
+specifies the initial sort field: one of
+.Ql name ,
+.Ql size ,
+.Ql creation ,
+or
+.Ql activity .
+.Fl r
+reverses the sort order.
+.Fl f
+specifies an initial filter: the filter is a format - if it evaluates to zero,
+the item in the list is not shown, otherwise it is shown.
+If a filter would lead to an empty list, it is ignored.
+.Fl F
+specifies the format for each item in the list and
+.Fl K
+a format for each shortcut key; both are evaluated once for each line.
+.Fl N
+starts without the preview.
+This command works only if at least one client is attached.
+.It Xo
+.Ic choose-tree
+.Op Fl GNrswZ
+.Op Fl F Ar format
+.Op Fl f Ar filter
+.Op Fl K Ar key-format
+.Op Fl O Ar sort-order
+.Op Fl t Ar target-pane
+.Op Ar template
+.Xc
+Put a pane into tree mode, where a session, window or pane may be chosen
+interactively from a tree.
+Each session, window or pane is shown on one line.
+A shortcut key is shown on the left in brackets allowing for immediate choice,
+or the tree may be navigated and an item chosen or otherwise manipulated using
+the keys below.
+.Fl s
+starts with sessions collapsed and
+.Fl w
+with windows collapsed.
+.Fl Z
+zooms the pane.
+The following keys may be used in tree mode:
+.Bl -column "Key" "Function" -offset indent
+.It Sy "Key" Ta Sy "Function"
+.It Li "Enter" Ta "Choose selected item"
+.It Li "Up" Ta "Select previous item"
+.It Li "Down" Ta "Select next item"
+.It Li "+" Ta "Expand selected item"
+.It Li "-" Ta "Collapse selected item"
+.It Li "M-+" Ta "Expand all items"
+.It Li "M--" Ta "Collapse all items"
+.It Li "x" Ta "Kill selected item"
+.It Li "X" Ta "Kill tagged items"
+.It Li "<" Ta "Scroll list of previews left"
+.It Li ">" Ta "Scroll list of previews right"
+.It Li "C-s" Ta "Search by name"
+.It Li "m" Ta "Set the marked pane"
+.It Li "M" Ta "Clear the marked pane"
+.It Li "n" Ta "Repeat last search"
+.It Li "t" Ta "Toggle if item is tagged"
+.It Li "T" Ta "Tag no items"
+.It Li "C-t" Ta "Tag all items"
+.It Li "\&:" Ta "Run a command for each tagged item"
+.It Li "f" Ta "Enter a format to filter items"
+.It Li "H" Ta "Jump to the starting pane"
+.It Li "O" Ta "Change sort field"
+.It Li "r" Ta "Reverse sort order"
+.It Li "v" Ta "Toggle preview"
+.It Li "q" Ta "Exit mode"
+.El
+.Pp
+After a session, window or pane is chosen, the first instance of
+.Ql %%
+and all instances of
+.Ql %1
+are replaced by the target in
+.Ar template
+and the result executed as a command.
+If
+.Ar template
+is not given, "switch-client -t '%%'" is used.
+.Pp
+.Fl O
+specifies the initial sort field: one of
+.Ql index ,
+.Ql name ,
+or
+.Ql time .
+.Fl r
+reverses the sort order.
+.Fl f
+specifies an initial filter: the filter is a format - if it evaluates to zero,
+the item in the list is not shown, otherwise it is shown.
+If a filter would lead to an empty list, it is ignored.
+.Fl F
+specifies the format for each item in the tree and
+.Fl K
+a format for each shortcut key; both are evaluated once for each line.
+.Fl N
+starts without the preview.
+.Fl G
+includes all sessions in any session groups in the tree rather than only the
+first.
+This command works only if at least one client is attached.
+.It Xo
+.Ic customize-mode
+.Op Fl NZ
+.Op Fl F Ar format
+.Op Fl f Ar filter
+.Op Fl t Ar target-pane
+.Op Ar template
+.Xc
+Put a pane into customize mode, where options and key bindings may be browsed
+and modified from a list.
+Option values in the list are shown for the active pane in the current window.
+.Fl Z
+zooms the pane.
+The following keys may be used in customize mode:
+.Bl -column "Key" "Function" -offset indent
+.It Sy "Key" Ta Sy "Function"
+.It Li "Enter" Ta "Set pane, window, session or global option value"
+.It Li "Up" Ta "Select previous item"
+.It Li "Down" Ta "Select next item"
+.It Li "+" Ta "Expand selected item"
+.It Li "-" Ta "Collapse selected item"
+.It Li "M-+" Ta "Expand all items"
+.It Li "M--" Ta "Collapse all items"
+.It Li "s" Ta "Set option value or key attribute"
+.It Li "S" Ta "Set global option value"
+.It Li "w" Ta "Set window option value, if option is for pane and window"
+.It Li "d" Ta "Set an option or key to the default"
+.It Li "D" Ta "Set tagged options and tagged keys to the default"
+.It Li "u" Ta "Unset an option (set to default value if global) or unbind a key"
+.It Li "U" Ta "Unset tagged options and unbind tagged keys"
+.It Li "C-s" Ta "Search by name"
+.It Li "n" Ta "Repeat last search"
+.It Li "t" Ta "Toggle if item is tagged"
+.It Li "T" Ta "Tag no items"
+.It Li "C-t" Ta "Tag all items"
+.It Li "f" Ta "Enter a format to filter items"
+.It Li "v" Ta "Toggle option information"
+.It Li "q" Ta "Exit mode"
+.El
+.Pp
+.Fl f
+specifies an initial filter: the filter is a format - if it evaluates to zero,
+the item in the list is not shown, otherwise it is shown.
+If a filter would lead to an empty list, it is ignored.
+.Fl F
+specifies the format for each item in the tree.
+.Fl N
+starts without the option information.
+This command works only if at least one client is attached.
+.It Xo
+.Tg displayp
+.Ic display-panes
+.Op Fl bN
+.Op Fl d Ar duration
+.Op Fl t Ar target-client
+.Op Ar template
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic displayp
+Display a visible indicator of each pane shown by
+.Ar target-client .
+See the
+.Ic display-panes-colour
+and
+.Ic display-panes-active-colour
+session options.
+The indicator is closed when a key is pressed (unless
+.Fl N
+is given) or
+.Ar duration
+milliseconds have passed.
+If
+.Fl d
+is not given,
+.Ic display-panes-time
+is used.
+A duration of zero means the indicator stays until a key is pressed.
+While the indicator is on screen, a pane may be chosen with the
+.Ql 0
+to
+.Ql 9
+keys, which will cause
+.Ar template
+to be executed as a command with
+.Ql %%
+substituted by the pane ID.
+The default
+.Ar template
+is "select-pane -t '%%'".
+With
+.Fl b ,
+other commands are not blocked from running until the indicator is closed.
+.Tg findw
+.It Xo Ic find-window
+.Op Fl iCNrTZ
+.Op Fl t Ar target-pane
+.Ar match-string
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic findw
+Search for a
+.Xr fnmatch 3
+pattern or, with
+.Fl r ,
+regular expression
+.Ar match-string
+in window names, titles, and visible content (but not history).
+The flags control matching behavior:
+.Fl C
+matches only visible window contents,
+.Fl N
+matches only the window name and
+.Fl T
+matches only the window title.
+.Fl i
+makes the search ignore case.
+The default is
+.Fl CNT .
+.Fl Z
+zooms the pane.
+.Pp
+This command works only if at least one client is attached.
+.Tg joinp
+.It Xo Ic join-pane
+.Op Fl bdfhv
+.Op Fl l Ar size
+.Op Fl s Ar src-pane
+.Op Fl t Ar dst-pane
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic joinp
+Like
+.Ic split-window ,
+but instead of splitting
+.Ar dst-pane
+and creating a new pane, split it and move
+.Ar src-pane
+into the space.
+This can be used to reverse
+.Ic break-pane .
+The
+.Fl b
+option causes
+.Ar src-pane
+to be joined to left of or above
+.Ar dst-pane .
+.Pp
+If
+.Fl s
+is omitted and a marked pane is present (see
+.Ic select-pane
+.Fl m ) ,
+the marked pane is used rather than the current pane.
+.Tg killp
+.It Xo Ic kill-pane
+.Op Fl a
+.Op Fl t Ar target-pane
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic killp
+Destroy the given pane.
+If no panes remain in the containing window, it is also destroyed.
+The
+.Fl a
+option kills all but the pane given with
+.Fl t .
+.Tg killw
+.It Xo Ic kill-window
+.Op Fl a
+.Op Fl t Ar target-window
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic killw
+Kill the current window or the window at
+.Ar target-window ,
+removing it from any sessions to which it is linked.
+The
+.Fl a
+option kills all but the window given with
+.Fl t .
+.Tg lastp
+.It Xo Ic last-pane
+.Op Fl deZ
+.Op Fl t Ar target-window
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic lastp
+Select the last (previously selected) pane.
+.Fl Z
+keeps the window zoomed if it was zoomed.
+.Fl e
+enables or
+.Fl d
+disables input to the pane.
+.Tg last
+.It Ic last-window Op Fl t Ar target-session
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic last
+Select the last (previously selected) window.
+If no
+.Ar target-session
+is specified, select the last window of the current session.
+.Tg link
+.It Xo Ic link-window
+.Op Fl abdk
+.Op Fl s Ar src-window
+.Op Fl t Ar dst-window
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic linkw
+Link the window at
+.Ar src-window
+to the specified
+.Ar dst-window .
+If
+.Ar dst-window
+is specified and no such window exists, the
+.Ar src-window
+is linked there.
+With
+.Fl a
+or
+.Fl b
+the window is moved to the next index after or before
+.Ar dst-window
+(existing windows are moved if necessary).
+If
+.Fl k
+is given and
+.Ar dst-window
+exists, it is killed, otherwise an error is generated.
+If
+.Fl d
+is given, the newly linked window is not selected.
+.Tg lsp
+.It Xo Ic list-panes
+.Op Fl as
+.Op Fl F Ar format
+.Op Fl f Ar filter
+.Op Fl t Ar target
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic lsp
+If
+.Fl a
+is given,
+.Ar target
+is ignored and all panes on the server are listed.
+If
+.Fl s
+is given,
+.Ar target
+is a session (or the current session).
+If neither is given,
+.Ar target
+is a window (or the current window).
+.Fl F
+specifies the format of each line and
+.Fl f
+a filter.
+Only panes for which the filter is true are shown.
+See the
+.Sx FORMATS
+section.
+.Tg lsw
+.It Xo Ic list-windows
+.Op Fl a
+.Op Fl F Ar format
+.Op Fl f Ar filter
+.Op Fl t Ar target-session
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic lsw
+If
+.Fl a
+is given, list all windows on the server.
+Otherwise, list windows in the current session or in
+.Ar target-session .
+.Fl F
+specifies the format of each line and
+.Fl f
+a filter.
+Only windows for which the filter is true are shown.
+See the
+.Sx FORMATS
+section.
+.Tg movep
+.It Xo Ic move-pane
+.Op Fl bdfhv
+.Op Fl l Ar size
+.Op Fl s Ar src-pane
+.Op Fl t Ar dst-pane
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic movep
+Does the same as
+.Ic join-pane .
+.Tg movew
+.It Xo Ic move-window
+.Op Fl abrdk
+.Op Fl s Ar src-window
+.Op Fl t Ar dst-window
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic movew
+This is similar to
+.Ic link-window ,
+except the window at
+.Ar src-window
+is moved to
+.Ar dst-window .
+With
+.Fl r ,
+all windows in the session are renumbered in sequential order, respecting
+the
+.Ic base-index
+option.
+.Tg neww
+.It Xo Ic new-window
+.Op Fl abdkPS
+.Op Fl c Ar start-directory
+.Op Fl e Ar environment
+.Op Fl F Ar format
+.Op Fl n Ar window-name
+.Op Fl t Ar target-window
+.Op Ar shell-command
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic neww
+Create a new window.
+With
+.Fl a
+or
+.Fl b ,
+the new window is inserted at the next index after or before the specified
+.Ar target-window ,
+moving windows up if necessary;
+otherwise
+.Ar target-window
+is the new window location.
+.Pp
+If
+.Fl d
+is given, the session does not make the new window the current window.
+.Ar target-window
+represents the window to be created; if the target already exists an error is
+shown, unless the
+.Fl k
+flag is used, in which case it is destroyed.
+If
+.Fl S
+is given and a window named
+.Ar window-name
+already exists, it is selected (unless
+.Fl d
+is also given in which case the command does nothing).
+.Pp
+.Ar shell-command
+is the command to execute.
+If
+.Ar shell-command
+is not specified, the value of the
+.Ic default-command
+option is used.
+.Fl c
+specifies the working directory in which the new window is created.
+.Pp
+When the shell command completes, the window closes.
+See the
+.Ic remain-on-exit
+option to change this behaviour.
+.Pp
+.Fl e
+takes the form
+.Ql VARIABLE=value
+and sets an environment variable for the newly created window; it may be
+specified multiple times.
+.Pp
+The
+.Ev TERM
+environment variable must be set to
+.Ql screen
+or
+.Ql tmux
+for all programs running
+.Em inside
+.Nm .
+New windows will automatically have
+.Ql TERM=screen
+added to their environment, but care must be taken not to reset this in shell
+start-up files or by the
+.Fl e
+option.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl P
+option prints information about the new window after it has been created.
+By default, it uses the format
+.Ql #{session_name}:#{window_index}
+but a different format may be specified with
+.Fl F .
+.Tg nextl
+.It Ic next-layout Op Fl t Ar target-window
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic nextl
+Move a window to the next layout and rearrange the panes to fit.
+.Tg next
+.It Xo Ic next-window
+.Op Fl a
+.Op Fl t Ar target-session
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic next
+Move to the next window in the session.
+If
+.Fl a
+is used, move to the next window with an alert.
+.Tg pipep
+.It Xo Ic pipe-pane
+.Op Fl IOo
+.Op Fl t Ar target-pane
+.Op Ar shell-command
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic pipep
+Pipe output sent by the program in
+.Ar target-pane
+to a shell command or vice versa.
+A pane may only be connected to one command at a time, any existing pipe is
+closed before
+.Ar shell-command
+is executed.
+The
+.Ar shell-command
+string may contain the special character sequences supported by the
+.Ic status-left
+option.
+If no
+.Ar shell-command
+is given, the current pipe (if any) is closed.
+.Pp
+.Fl I
+and
+.Fl O
+specify which of the
+.Ar shell-command
+output streams are connected to the pane:
+with
+.Fl I
+stdout is connected (so anything
+.Ar shell-command
+prints is written to the pane as if it were typed);
+with
+.Fl O
+stdin is connected (so any output in the pane is piped to
+.Ar shell-command ) .
+Both may be used together and if neither are specified,
+.Fl O
+is used.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl o
+option only opens a new pipe if no previous pipe exists, allowing a pipe to
+be toggled with a single key, for example:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+bind-key C-p pipe-pane -o 'cat >>~/output.#I-#P'
+.Ed
+.Tg prevl
+.It Xo Ic previous-layout
+.Op Fl t Ar target-window
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic prevl
+Move to the previous layout in the session.
+.Tg prev
+.It Xo Ic previous-window
+.Op Fl a
+.Op Fl t Ar target-session
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic prev
+Move to the previous window in the session.
+With
+.Fl a ,
+move to the previous window with an alert.
+.Tg renamew
+.It Xo Ic rename-window
+.Op Fl t Ar target-window
+.Ar new-name
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic renamew
+Rename the current window, or the window at
+.Ar target-window
+if specified, to
+.Ar new-name .
+.Tg resizep
+.It Xo Ic resize-pane
+.Op Fl DLMRTUZ
+.Op Fl t Ar target-pane
+.Op Fl x Ar width
+.Op Fl y Ar height
+.Op Ar adjustment
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic resizep
+Resize a pane, up, down, left or right by
+.Ar adjustment
+with
+.Fl U ,
+.Fl D ,
+.Fl L
+or
+.Fl R ,
+or
+to an absolute size
+with
+.Fl x
+or
+.Fl y .
+The
+.Ar adjustment
+is given in lines or columns (the default is 1);
+.Fl x
+and
+.Fl y
+may be a given as a number of lines or columns or followed by
+.Ql %
+for a percentage of the window size (for example
+.Ql -x 10% ) .
+With
+.Fl Z ,
+the active pane is toggled between zoomed (occupying the whole of the window)
+and unzoomed (its normal position in the layout).
+.Pp
+.Fl M
+begins mouse resizing (only valid if bound to a mouse key binding, see
+.Sx MOUSE SUPPORT ) .
+.Pp
+.Fl T
+trims all lines below the current cursor position and moves lines out of the
+history to replace them.
+.Tg resizew
+.It Xo Ic resize-window
+.Op Fl aADLRU
+.Op Fl t Ar target-window
+.Op Fl x Ar width
+.Op Fl y Ar height
+.Op Ar adjustment
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic resizew
+Resize a window, up, down, left or right by
+.Ar adjustment
+with
+.Fl U ,
+.Fl D ,
+.Fl L
+or
+.Fl R ,
+or
+to an absolute size
+with
+.Fl x
+or
+.Fl y .
+The
+.Ar adjustment
+is given in lines or cells (the default is 1).
+.Fl A
+sets the size of the largest session containing the window;
+.Fl a
+the size of the smallest.
+This command will automatically set
+.Ic window-size
+to manual in the window options.
+.Tg respawnp
+.It Xo Ic respawn-pane
+.Op Fl k
+.Op Fl c Ar start-directory
+.Op Fl e Ar environment
+.Op Fl t Ar target-pane
+.Op Ar shell-command
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic respawnp
+Reactivate a pane in which the command has exited (see the
+.Ic remain-on-exit
+window option).
+If
+.Ar shell-command
+is not given, the command used when the pane was created or last respawned is
+executed.
+The pane must be already inactive, unless
+.Fl k
+is given, in which case any existing command is killed.
+.Fl c
+specifies a new working directory for the pane.
+The
+.Fl e
+option has the same meaning as for the
+.Ic new-window
+command.
+.Tg respawnw
+.It Xo Ic respawn-window
+.Op Fl k
+.Op Fl c Ar start-directory
+.Op Fl e Ar environment
+.Op Fl t Ar target-window
+.Op Ar shell-command
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic respawnw
+Reactivate a window in which the command has exited (see the
+.Ic remain-on-exit
+window option).
+If
+.Ar shell-command
+is not given, the command used when the window was created or last respawned is
+executed.
+The window must be already inactive, unless
+.Fl k
+is given, in which case any existing command is killed.
+.Fl c
+specifies a new working directory for the window.
+The
+.Fl e
+option has the same meaning as for the
+.Ic new-window
+command.
+.Tg rotatew
+.It Xo Ic rotate-window
+.Op Fl DUZ
+.Op Fl t Ar target-window
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic rotatew
+Rotate the positions of the panes within a window, either upward (numerically
+lower) with
+.Fl U
+or downward (numerically higher).
+.Fl Z
+keeps the window zoomed if it was zoomed.
+.Tg selectl
+.It Xo Ic select-layout
+.Op Fl Enop
+.Op Fl t Ar target-pane
+.Op Ar layout-name
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic selectl
+Choose a specific layout for a window.
+If
+.Ar layout-name
+is not given, the last preset layout used (if any) is reapplied.
+.Fl n
+and
+.Fl p
+are equivalent to the
+.Ic next-layout
+and
+.Ic previous-layout
+commands.
+.Fl o
+applies the last set layout if possible (undoes the most recent layout change).
+.Fl E
+spreads the current pane and any panes next to it out evenly.
+.Tg selectp
+.It Xo Ic select-pane
+.Op Fl DdeLlMmRUZ
+.Op Fl T Ar title
+.Op Fl t Ar target-pane
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic selectp
+Make pane
+.Ar target-pane
+the active pane in its window.
+If one of
+.Fl D ,
+.Fl L ,
+.Fl R ,
+or
+.Fl U
+is used, respectively the pane below, to the left, to the right, or above the
+target pane is used.
+.Fl Z
+keeps the window zoomed if it was zoomed.
+.Fl l
+is the same as using the
+.Ic last-pane
+command.
+.Fl e
+enables or
+.Fl d
+disables input to the pane.
+.Fl T
+sets the pane title.
+.Pp
+.Fl m
+and
+.Fl M
+are used to set and clear the
+.Em marked pane .
+There is one marked pane at a time, setting a new marked pane clears the last.
+The marked pane is the default target for
+.Fl s
+to
+.Ic join-pane ,
+.Ic move-pane ,
+.Ic swap-pane
+and
+.Ic swap-window .
+.Tg selectw
+.It Xo Ic select-window
+.Op Fl lnpT
+.Op Fl t Ar target-window
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic selectw
+Select the window at
+.Ar target-window .
+.Fl l ,
+.Fl n
+and
+.Fl p
+are equivalent to the
+.Ic last-window ,
+.Ic next-window
+and
+.Ic previous-window
+commands.
+If
+.Fl T
+is given and the selected window is already the current window,
+the command behaves like
+.Ic last-window .
+.Tg splitw
+.It Xo Ic split-window
+.Op Fl bdfhIvPZ
+.Op Fl c Ar start-directory
+.Op Fl e Ar environment
+.Op Fl l Ar size
+.Op Fl t Ar target-pane
+.Op Ar shell-command
+.Op Fl F Ar format
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic splitw
+Create a new pane by splitting
+.Ar target-pane :
+.Fl h
+does a horizontal split and
+.Fl v
+a vertical split; if neither is specified,
+.Fl v
+is assumed.
+The
+.Fl l
+option specifies the size of the new pane in lines (for vertical split) or in
+columns (for horizontal split);
+.Ar size
+may be followed by
+.Ql %
+to specify a percentage of the available space.
+The
+.Fl b
+option causes the new pane to be created to the left of or above
+.Ar target-pane .
+The
+.Fl f
+option creates a new pane spanning the full window height (with
+.Fl h )
+or full window width (with
+.Fl v ) ,
+instead of splitting the active pane.
+.Fl Z
+zooms if the window is not zoomed, or keeps it zoomed if already zoomed.
+.Pp
+An empty
+.Ar shell-command
+('') will create a pane with no command running in it.
+Output can be sent to such a pane with the
+.Ic display-message
+command.
+The
+.Fl I
+flag (if
+.Ar shell-command
+is not specified or empty)
+will create an empty pane and forward any output from stdin to it.
+For example:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+$ make 2>&1|tmux splitw -dI &
+.Ed
+.Pp
+All other options have the same meaning as for the
+.Ic new-window
+command.
+.Tg swapp
+.It Xo Ic swap-pane
+.Op Fl dDUZ
+.Op Fl s Ar src-pane
+.Op Fl t Ar dst-pane
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic swapp
+Swap two panes.
+If
+.Fl U
+is used and no source pane is specified with
+.Fl s ,
+.Ar dst-pane
+is swapped with the previous pane (before it numerically);
+.Fl D
+swaps with the next pane (after it numerically).
+.Fl d
+instructs
+.Nm
+not to change the active pane and
+.Fl Z
+keeps the window zoomed if it was zoomed.
+.Pp
+If
+.Fl s
+is omitted and a marked pane is present (see
+.Ic select-pane
+.Fl m ) ,
+the marked pane is used rather than the current pane.
+.Tg swapw
+.It Xo Ic swap-window
+.Op Fl d
+.Op Fl s Ar src-window
+.Op Fl t Ar dst-window
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic swapw
+This is similar to
+.Ic link-window ,
+except the source and destination windows are swapped.
+It is an error if no window exists at
+.Ar src-window .
+If
+.Fl d
+is given, the new window does not become the current window.
+.Pp
+If
+.Fl s
+is omitted and a marked pane is present (see
+.Ic select-pane
+.Fl m ) ,
+the window containing the marked pane is used rather than the current window.
+.Tg unlinkw
+.It Xo Ic unlink-window
+.Op Fl k
+.Op Fl t Ar target-window
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic unlinkw
+Unlink
+.Ar target-window .
+Unless
+.Fl k
+is given, a window may be unlinked only if it is linked to multiple sessions -
+windows may not be linked to no sessions;
+if
+.Fl k
+is specified and the window is linked to only one session, it is unlinked and
+destroyed.
+.El
+.Sh KEY BINDINGS
+.Nm
+allows a command to be bound to most keys, with or without a prefix key.
+When specifying keys, most represent themselves (for example
+.Ql A
+to
+.Ql Z ) .
+Ctrl keys may be prefixed with
+.Ql C-
+or
+.Ql ^ ,
+Shift keys with
+.Ql S-
+and Alt (meta) with
+.Ql M- .
+In addition, the following special key names are accepted:
+.Em Up ,
+.Em Down ,
+.Em Left ,
+.Em Right ,
+.Em BSpace ,
+.Em BTab ,
+.Em DC
+(Delete),
+.Em End ,
+.Em Enter ,
+.Em Escape ,
+.Em F1
+to
+.Em F12 ,
+.Em Home ,
+.Em IC
+(Insert),
+.Em NPage/PageDown/PgDn ,
+.Em PPage/PageUp/PgUp ,
+.Em Space ,
+and
+.Em Tab .
+Note that to bind the
+.Ql \&"
+or
+.Ql '
+keys, quotation marks are necessary, for example:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+bind-key '"' split-window
+bind-key "'" new-window
+.Ed
+.Pp
+A command bound to the
+.Em Any
+key will execute for all keys which do not have a more specific binding.
+.Pp
+Commands related to key bindings are as follows:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.Tg bind
+.It Xo Ic bind-key
+.Op Fl nr
+.Op Fl N Ar note
+.Op Fl T Ar key-table
+.Ar key command Op Ar arguments
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic bind
+Bind key
+.Ar key
+to
+.Ar command .
+Keys are bound in a key table.
+By default (without -T), the key is bound in
+the
+.Em prefix
+key table.
+This table is used for keys pressed after the prefix key (for example,
+by default
+.Ql c
+is bound to
+.Ic new-window
+in the
+.Em prefix
+table, so
+.Ql C-b c
+creates a new window).
+The
+.Em root
+table is used for keys pressed without the prefix key: binding
+.Ql c
+to
+.Ic new-window
+in the
+.Em root
+table (not recommended) means a plain
+.Ql c
+will create a new window.
+.Fl n
+is an alias
+for
+.Fl T Ar root .
+Keys may also be bound in custom key tables and the
+.Ic switch-client
+.Fl T
+command used to switch to them from a key binding.
+The
+.Fl r
+flag indicates this key may repeat, see the
+.Ic repeat-time
+option.
+.Fl N
+attaches a note to the key (shown with
+.Ic list-keys
+.Fl N ) .
+.Pp
+To view the default bindings and possible commands, see the
+.Ic list-keys
+command.
+.Tg lsk
+.It Xo Ic list-keys
+.Op Fl 1aN
+.Op Fl P Ar prefix-string Fl T Ar key-table
+.Op Ar key
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic lsk
+List key bindings.
+There are two forms: the default lists keys as
+.Ic bind-key
+commands;
+.Fl N
+lists only keys with attached notes and shows only the key and note for each
+key.
+.Pp
+With the default form, all key tables are listed by default.
+.Fl T
+lists only keys in
+.Ar key-table .
+.Pp
+With the
+.Fl N
+form, only keys in the
+.Em root
+and
+.Em prefix
+key tables are listed by default;
+.Fl T
+also lists only keys in
+.Ar key-table .
+.Fl P
+specifies a prefix to print before each key and
+.Fl 1
+lists only the first matching key.
+.Fl a
+lists the command for keys that do not have a note rather than skipping them.
+.Tg send
+.It Xo Ic send-keys
+.Op Fl FHlMRX
+.Op Fl N Ar repeat-count
+.Op Fl t Ar target-pane
+.Ar key Ar ...
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic send
+Send a key or keys to a window.
+Each argument
+.Ar key
+is the name of the key (such as
+.Ql C-a
+or
+.Ql NPage )
+to send; if the string is not recognised as a key, it is sent as a series of
+characters.
+All arguments are sent sequentially from first to last.
+If no keys are given and the command is bound to a key, then that key is used.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl l
+flag disables key name lookup and processes the keys as literal UTF-8
+characters.
+The
+.Fl H
+flag expects each key to be a hexadecimal number for an ASCII character.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl R
+flag causes the terminal state to be reset.
+.Pp
+.Fl M
+passes through a mouse event (only valid if bound to a mouse key binding, see
+.Sx MOUSE SUPPORT ) .
+.Pp
+.Fl X
+is used to send a command into copy mode - see
+the
+.Sx WINDOWS AND PANES
+section.
+.Fl N
+specifies a repeat count and
+.Fl F
+expands formats in arguments where appropriate.
+.It Xo Ic send-prefix
+.Op Fl 2
+.Op Fl t Ar target-pane
+.Xc
+Send the prefix key, or with
+.Fl 2
+the secondary prefix key, to a window as if it was pressed.
+.Tg unbind
+.It Xo Ic unbind-key
+.Op Fl anq
+.Op Fl T Ar key-table
+.Ar key
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic unbind
+Unbind the command bound to
+.Ar key .
+.Fl n
+and
+.Fl T
+are the same as for
+.Ic bind-key .
+If
+.Fl a
+is present, all key bindings are removed.
+The
+.Fl q
+option prevents errors being returned.
+.El
+.Sh OPTIONS
+The appearance and behaviour of
+.Nm
+may be modified by changing the value of various options.
+There are four types of option:
+.Em server options ,
+.Em session options ,
+.Em window options ,
+and
+.Em pane options .
+.Pp
+The
+.Nm
+server has a set of global server options which do not apply to any particular
+window or session or pane.
+These are altered with the
+.Ic set-option
+.Fl s
+command, or displayed with the
+.Ic show-options
+.Fl s
+command.
+.Pp
+In addition, each individual session may have a set of session options, and
+there is a separate set of global session options.
+Sessions which do not have a particular option configured inherit the value
+from the global session options.
+Session options are set or unset with the
+.Ic set-option
+command and may be listed with the
+.Ic show-options
+command.
+The available server and session options are listed under the
+.Ic set-option
+command.
+.Pp
+Similarly, a set of window options is attached to each window and a set of pane
+options to each pane.
+Pane options inherit from window options.
+This means any pane option may be set as a window option to apply the option to
+all panes in the window without the option set, for example these commands will
+set the background colour to red for all panes except pane 0:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+set -w window-style bg=red
+set -pt:.0 window-style bg=blue
+.Ed
+.Pp
+There is also a set of global window options from which any unset window or
+pane options are inherited.
+Window and pane options are altered with
+.Ic set-option
+.Fl w
+and
+.Fl p
+commands and displayed with
+.Ic show-option
+.Fl w
+and
+.Fl p .
+.Pp
+.Nm
+also supports user options which are prefixed with a
+.Ql \&@ .
+User options may have any name, so long as they are prefixed with
+.Ql \&@ ,
+and be set to any string.
+For example:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+$ tmux set -wq @foo "abc123"
+$ tmux show -wv @foo
+abc123
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Commands which set options are as follows:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.Tg set
+.It Xo Ic set-option
+.Op Fl aFgopqsuUw
+.Op Fl t Ar target-pane
+.Ar option Ar value
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic set
+Set a pane option with
+.Fl p ,
+a window option with
+.Fl w ,
+a server option with
+.Fl s ,
+otherwise a session option.
+If the option is not a user option,
+.Fl w
+or
+.Fl s
+may be unnecessary -
+.Nm
+will infer the type from the option name, assuming
+.Fl w
+for pane options.
+If
+.Fl g
+is given, the global session or window option is set.
+.Pp
+.Fl F
+expands formats in the option value.
+The
+.Fl u
+flag unsets an option, so a session inherits the option from the global
+options (or with
+.Fl g ,
+restores a global option to the default).
+.Fl U
+unsets an option (like
+.Fl u )
+but if the option is a pane option also unsets the option on any panes in the
+window.
+.Ar value
+depends on the option and may be a number, a string, or a flag (on, off, or
+omitted to toggle).
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl o
+flag prevents setting an option that is already set and the
+.Fl q
+flag suppresses errors about unknown or ambiguous options.
+.Pp
+With
+.Fl a ,
+and if the option expects a string or a style,
+.Ar value
+is appended to the existing setting.
+For example:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+set -g status-left "foo"
+set -ag status-left "bar"
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Will result in
+.Ql foobar .
+And:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+set -g status-style "bg=red"
+set -ag status-style "fg=blue"
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Will result in a red background
+.Em and
+blue foreground.
+Without
+.Fl a ,
+the result would be the default background and a blue foreground.
+.Tg show
+.It Xo Ic show-options
+.Op Fl AgHpqsvw
+.Op Fl t Ar target-pane
+.Op Ar option
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic show
+Show the pane options (or a single option if
+.Ar option
+is provided) with
+.Fl p ,
+the window options with
+.Fl w ,
+the server options with
+.Fl s ,
+otherwise the session options.
+If the option is not a user option,
+.Fl w
+or
+.Fl s
+may be unnecessary -
+.Nm
+will infer the type from the option name, assuming
+.Fl w
+for pane options.
+Global session or window options are listed if
+.Fl g
+is used.
+.Fl v
+shows only the option value, not the name.
+If
+.Fl q
+is set, no error will be returned if
+.Ar option
+is unset.
+.Fl H
+includes hooks (omitted by default).
+.Fl A
+includes options inherited from a parent set of options, such options are
+marked with an asterisk.
+.El
+.Pp
+Available server options are:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic backspace Ar key
+Set the key sent by
+.Nm
+for backspace.
+.It Ic buffer-limit Ar number
+Set the number of buffers; as new buffers are added to the top of the stack,
+old ones are removed from the bottom if necessary to maintain this maximum
+length.
+.It Xo Ic command-alias[]
+.Ar name=value
+.Xc
+This is an array of custom aliases for commands.
+If an unknown command matches
+.Ar name ,
+it is replaced with
+.Ar value .
+For example, after:
+.Pp
+.Dl set -s command-alias[100] zoom='resize-pane -Z'
+.Pp
+Using:
+.Pp
+.Dl zoom -t:.1
+.Pp
+Is equivalent to:
+.Pp
+.Dl resize-pane -Z -t:.1
+.Pp
+Note that aliases are expanded when a command is parsed rather than when it is
+executed, so binding an alias with
+.Ic bind-key
+will bind the expanded form.
+.It Ic default-terminal Ar terminal
+Set the default terminal for new windows created in this session - the
+default value of the
+.Ev TERM
+environment variable.
+For
+.Nm
+to work correctly, this
+.Em must
+be set to
+.Ql screen ,
+.Ql tmux
+or a derivative of them.
+.It Ic copy-command Ar shell-command
+Give the command to pipe to if the
+.Ic copy-pipe
+copy mode command is used without arguments.
+.It Ic escape-time Ar time
+Set the time in milliseconds for which
+.Nm
+waits after an escape is input to determine if it is part of a function or meta
+key sequences.
+The default is 500 milliseconds.
+.It Ic editor Ar shell-command
+Set the command used when
+.Nm
+runs an editor.
+.It Xo Ic exit-empty
+.Op Ic on | off
+.Xc
+If enabled (the default), the server will exit when there are no active
+sessions.
+.It Xo Ic exit-unattached
+.Op Ic on | off
+.Xc
+If enabled, the server will exit when there are no attached clients.
+.It Xo Ic extended-keys
+.Op Ic on | off | always
+.Xc
+When
+.Ic on
+or
+.Ic always ,
+the escape sequence to enable extended keys is sent to the terminal, if
+.Nm
+knows that it is supported.
+.Nm
+always recognises extended keys itself.
+If this option is
+.Ic on ,
+.Nm
+will only forward extended keys to applications when they request them; if
+.Ic always ,
+.Nm
+will always forward the keys.
+.It Xo Ic focus-events
+.Op Ic on | off
+.Xc
+When enabled, focus events are requested from the terminal if supported and
+passed through to applications running in
+.Nm .
+Attached clients should be detached and attached again after changing this
+option.
+.It Ic history-file Ar path
+If not empty, a file to which
+.Nm
+will write command prompt history on exit and load it from on start.
+.It Ic message-limit Ar number
+Set the number of error or information messages to save in the message log for
+each client.
+.It Ic prompt-history-limit Ar number
+Set the number of history items to save in the history file for each type of
+command prompt.
+.It Xo Ic set-clipboard
+.Op Ic on | external | off
+.Xc
+Attempt to set the terminal clipboard content using the
+.Xr xterm 1
+escape sequence, if there is an
+.Em \&Ms
+entry in the
+.Xr terminfo 5
+description (see the
+.Sx TERMINFO EXTENSIONS
+section).
+.Pp
+If set to
+.Ic on ,
+.Nm
+will both accept the escape sequence to create a buffer and attempt to set
+the terminal clipboard.
+If set to
+.Ic external ,
+.Nm
+will attempt to set the terminal clipboard but ignore attempts
+by applications to set
+.Nm
+buffers.
+If
+.Ic off ,
+.Nm
+will neither accept the clipboard escape sequence nor attempt to set the
+clipboard.
+.Pp
+Note that this feature needs to be enabled in
+.Xr xterm 1
+by setting the resource:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+disallowedWindowOps: 20,21,SetXprop
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Or changing this property from the
+.Xr xterm 1
+interactive menu when required.
+.It Ic terminal-features[] Ar string
+Set terminal features for terminal types read from
+.Xr terminfo 5 .
+.Nm
+has a set of named terminal features.
+Each will apply appropriate changes to the
+.Xr terminfo 5
+entry in use.
+.Pp
+.Nm
+can detect features for a few common terminals; this option can be used to
+easily tell tmux about features supported by terminals it cannot detect.
+The
+.Ic terminal-overrides
+option allows individual
+.Xr terminfo 5
+capabilities to be set instead,
+.Ic terminal-features
+is intended for classes of functionality supported in a standard way but not
+reported by
+.Xr terminfo 5 .
+Care must be taken to configure this only with features the terminal actually
+supports.
+.Pp
+This is an array option where each entry is a colon-separated string made up
+of a terminal type pattern (matched using
+.Xr fnmatch 3 )
+followed by a list of terminal features.
+The available features are:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It 256
+Supports 256 colours with the SGR escape sequences.
+.It clipboard
+Allows setting the system clipboard.
+.It ccolour
+Allows setting the cursor colour.
+.It cstyle
+Allows setting the cursor style.
+.It extkeys
+Supports extended keys.
+.It focus
+Supports focus reporting.
+.It margins
+Supports DECSLRM margins.
+.It mouse
+Supports
+.Xr xterm 1
+mouse sequences.
+.It osc7
+Supports the OSC 7 working directory extension.
+.It overline
+Supports the overline SGR attribute.
+.It rectfill
+Supports the DECFRA rectangle fill escape sequence.
+.It RGB
+Supports RGB colour with the SGR escape sequences.
+.It strikethrough
+Supports the strikethrough SGR escape sequence.
+.It sync
+Supports synchronized updates.
+.It title
+Supports
+.Xr xterm 1
+title setting.
+.It usstyle
+Allows underscore style and colour to be set.
+.El
+.It Ic terminal-overrides[] Ar string
+Allow terminal descriptions read using
+.Xr terminfo 5
+to be overridden.
+Each entry is a colon-separated string made up of a terminal type pattern
+(matched using
+.Xr fnmatch 3 )
+and a set of
+.Em name=value
+entries.
+.Pp
+For example, to set the
+.Ql clear
+.Xr terminfo 5
+entry to
+.Ql \ee[H\ee[2J
+for all terminal types matching
+.Ql rxvt* :
+.Pp
+.Dl "rxvt*:clear=\ee[H\ee[2J"
+.Pp
+The terminal entry value is passed through
+.Xr strunvis 3
+before interpretation.
+.It Ic user-keys[] Ar key
+Set list of user-defined key escape sequences.
+Each item is associated with a key named
+.Ql User0 ,
+.Ql User1 ,
+and so on.
+.Pp
+For example:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+set -s user-keys[0] "\ee[5;30012~"
+bind User0 resize-pane -L 3
+.Ed
+.El
+.Pp
+Available session options are:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Xo Ic activity-action
+.Op Ic any | none | current | other
+.Xc
+Set action on window activity when
+.Ic monitor-activity
+is on.
+.Ic any
+means activity in any window linked to a session causes a bell or message
+(depending on
+.Ic visual-activity )
+in the current window of that session,
+.Ic none
+means all activity is ignored (equivalent to
+.Ic monitor-activity
+being off),
+.Ic current
+means only activity in windows other than the current window are ignored and
+.Ic other
+means activity in the current window is ignored but not those in other windows.
+.It Ic assume-paste-time Ar milliseconds
+If keys are entered faster than one in
+.Ar milliseconds ,
+they are assumed to have been pasted rather than typed and
+.Nm
+key bindings are not processed.
+The default is one millisecond and zero disables.
+.It Ic base-index Ar index
+Set the base index from which an unused index should be searched when a new
+window is created.
+The default is zero.
+.It Xo Ic bell-action
+.Op Ic any | none | current | other
+.Xc
+Set action on a bell in a window when
+.Ic monitor-bell
+is on.
+The values are the same as those for
+.Ic activity-action .
+.It Ic default-command Ar shell-command
+Set the command used for new windows (if not specified when the window is
+created) to
+.Ar shell-command ,
+which may be any
+.Xr sh 1
+command.
+The default is an empty string, which instructs
+.Nm
+to create a login shell using the value of the
+.Ic default-shell
+option.
+.It Ic default-shell Ar path
+Specify the default shell.
+This is used as the login shell for new windows when the
+.Ic default-command
+option is set to empty, and must be the full path of the executable.
+When started
+.Nm
+tries to set a default value from the first suitable of the
+.Ev SHELL
+environment variable, the shell returned by
+.Xr getpwuid 3 ,
+or
+.Pa /bin/sh .
+This option should be configured when
+.Nm
+is used as a login shell.
+.It Ic default-size Ar XxY
+Set the default size of new windows when the
+.Ic window-size
+option is set to manual or when a session is created with
+.Ic new-session
+.Fl d .
+The value is the width and height separated by an
+.Ql x
+character.
+The default is 80x24.
+.It Xo Ic destroy-unattached
+.Op Ic on | off
+.Xc
+If enabled and the session is no longer attached to any clients, it is
+destroyed.
+.It Xo Ic detach-on-destroy
+.Op Ic off | on | no-detached
+.Xc
+If on (the default), the client is detached when the session it is attached to
+is destroyed.
+If off, the client is switched to the most recently active of the remaining
+sessions.
+If
+.Ic no-detached ,
+the client is detached only if there are no detached sessions; if detached
+sessions exist, the client is switched to the most recently active.
+.It Ic display-panes-active-colour Ar colour
+Set the colour used by the
+.Ic display-panes
+command to show the indicator for the active pane.
+.It Ic display-panes-colour Ar colour
+Set the colour used by the
+.Ic display-panes
+command to show the indicators for inactive panes.
+.It Ic display-panes-time Ar time
+Set the time in milliseconds for which the indicators shown by the
+.Ic display-panes
+command appear.
+.It Ic display-time Ar time
+Set the amount of time for which status line messages and other on-screen
+indicators are displayed.
+If set to 0, messages and indicators are displayed until a key is pressed.
+.Ar time
+is in milliseconds.
+.It Ic history-limit Ar lines
+Set the maximum number of lines held in window history.
+This setting applies only to new windows - existing window histories are not
+resized and retain the limit at the point they were created.
+.It Ic key-table Ar key-table
+Set the default key table to
+.Ar key-table
+instead of
+.Em root .
+.It Ic lock-after-time Ar number
+Lock the session (like the
+.Ic lock-session
+command) after
+.Ar number
+seconds of inactivity.
+The default is not to lock (set to 0).
+.It Ic lock-command Ar shell-command
+Command to run when locking each client.
+The default is to run
+.Xr lock 1
+with
+.Fl np .
+.It Ic message-command-style Ar style
+Set status line message command style.
+This is used for the command prompt with
+.Xr vi 1
+keys when in command mode.
+For how to specify
+.Ar style ,
+see the
+.Sx STYLES
+section.
+.It Ic message-style Ar style
+Set status line message style.
+This is used for messages and for the command prompt.
+For how to specify
+.Ar style ,
+see the
+.Sx STYLES
+section.
+.It Xo Ic mouse
+.Op Ic on | off
+.Xc
+If on,
+.Nm
+captures the mouse and allows mouse events to be bound as key bindings.
+See the
+.Sx MOUSE SUPPORT
+section for details.
+.It Ic prefix Ar key
+Set the key accepted as a prefix key.
+In addition to the standard keys described under
+.Sx KEY BINDINGS ,
+.Ic prefix
+can be set to the special key
+.Ql None
+to set no prefix.
+.It Ic prefix2 Ar key
+Set a secondary key accepted as a prefix key.
+Like
+.Ic prefix ,
+.Ic prefix2
+can be set to
+.Ql None .
+.It Xo Ic renumber-windows
+.Op Ic on | off
+.Xc
+If on, when a window is closed in a session, automatically renumber the other
+windows in numerical order.
+This respects the
+.Ic base-index
+option if it has been set.
+If off, do not renumber the windows.
+.It Ic repeat-time Ar time
+Allow multiple commands to be entered without pressing the prefix-key again
+in the specified
+.Ar time
+milliseconds (the default is 500).
+Whether a key repeats may be set when it is bound using the
+.Fl r
+flag to
+.Ic bind-key .
+Repeat is enabled for the default keys bound to the
+.Ic resize-pane
+command.
+.It Xo Ic set-titles
+.Op Ic on | off
+.Xc
+Attempt to set the client terminal title using the
+.Em tsl
+and
+.Em fsl
+.Xr terminfo 5
+entries if they exist.
+.Nm
+automatically sets these to the \ee]0;...\e007 sequence if
+the terminal appears to be
+.Xr xterm 1 .
+This option is off by default.
+.It Ic set-titles-string Ar string
+String used to set the client terminal title if
+.Ic set-titles
+is on.
+Formats are expanded, see the
+.Sx FORMATS
+section.
+.It Xo Ic silence-action
+.Op Ic any | none | current | other
+.Xc
+Set action on window silence when
+.Ic monitor-silence
+is on.
+The values are the same as those for
+.Ic activity-action .
+.It Xo Ic status
+.Op Ic off | on | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5
+.Xc
+Show or hide the status line or specify its size.
+Using
+.Ic on
+gives a status line one row in height;
+.Ic 2 ,
+.Ic 3 ,
+.Ic 4
+or
+.Ic 5
+more rows.
+.It Ic status-format[] Ar format
+Specify the format to be used for each line of the status line.
+The default builds the top status line from the various individual status
+options below.
+.It Ic status-interval Ar interval
+Update the status line every
+.Ar interval
+seconds.
+By default, updates will occur every 15 seconds.
+A setting of zero disables redrawing at interval.
+.It Xo Ic status-justify
+.Op Ic left | centre | right | absolute-centre
+.Xc
+Set the position of the window list in the status line: left, centre or right.
+centre puts the window list in the relative centre of the available free space;
+absolute-centre uses the centre of the entire horizontal space.
+.It Xo Ic status-keys
+.Op Ic vi | emacs
+.Xc
+Use vi or emacs-style
+key bindings in the status line, for example at the command prompt.
+The default is emacs, unless the
+.Ev VISUAL
+or
+.Ev EDITOR
+environment variables are set and contain the string
+.Ql vi .
+.It Ic status-left Ar string
+Display
+.Ar string
+(by default the session name) to the left of the status line.
+.Ar string
+will be passed through
+.Xr strftime 3 .
+Also see the
+.Sx FORMATS
+and
+.Sx STYLES
+sections.
+.Pp
+For details on how the names and titles can be set see the
+.Sx "NAMES AND TITLES"
+section.
+.Pp
+Examples are:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+#(sysctl vm.loadavg)
+#[fg=yellow,bold]#(apm -l)%%#[default] [#S]
+.Ed
+.Pp
+The default is
+.Ql "[#S] " .
+.It Ic status-left-length Ar length
+Set the maximum
+.Ar length
+of the left component of the status line.
+The default is 10.
+.It Ic status-left-style Ar style
+Set the style of the left part of the status line.
+For how to specify
+.Ar style ,
+see the
+.Sx STYLES
+section.
+.It Xo Ic status-position
+.Op Ic top | bottom
+.Xc
+Set the position of the status line.
+.It Ic status-right Ar string
+Display
+.Ar string
+to the right of the status line.
+By default, the current pane title in double quotes, the date and the time
+are shown.
+As with
+.Ic status-left ,
+.Ar string
+will be passed to
+.Xr strftime 3
+and character pairs are replaced.
+.It Ic status-right-length Ar length
+Set the maximum
+.Ar length
+of the right component of the status line.
+The default is 40.
+.It Ic status-right-style Ar style
+Set the style of the right part of the status line.
+For how to specify
+.Ar style ,
+see the
+.Sx STYLES
+section.
+.It Ic status-style Ar style
+Set status line style.
+For how to specify
+.Ar style ,
+see the
+.Sx STYLES
+section.
+.It Ic update-environment[] Ar variable
+Set list of environment variables to be copied into the session environment
+when a new session is created or an existing session is attached.
+Any variables that do not exist in the source environment are set to be
+removed from the session environment (as if
+.Fl r
+was given to the
+.Ic set-environment
+command).
+.It Xo Ic visual-activity
+.Op Ic on | off | both
+.Xc
+If on, display a message instead of sending a bell when activity occurs in a
+window for which the
+.Ic monitor-activity
+window option is enabled.
+If set to both, a bell and a message are produced.
+.It Xo Ic visual-bell
+.Op Ic on | off | both
+.Xc
+If on, a message is shown on a bell in a window for which the
+.Ic monitor-bell
+window option is enabled instead of it being passed through to the
+terminal (which normally makes a sound).
+If set to both, a bell and a message are produced.
+Also see the
+.Ic bell-action
+option.
+.It Xo Ic visual-silence
+.Op Ic on | off | both
+.Xc
+If
+.Ic monitor-silence
+is enabled, prints a message after the interval has expired on a given window
+instead of sending a bell.
+If set to both, a bell and a message are produced.
+.It Ic word-separators Ar string
+Sets the session's conception of what characters are considered word
+separators, for the purposes of the next and previous word commands in
+copy mode.
+.El
+.Pp
+Available window options are:
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact
+.It Xo Ic aggressive-resize
+.Op Ic on | off
+.Xc
+Aggressively resize the chosen window.
+This means that
+.Nm
+will resize the window to the size of the smallest or largest session
+(see the
+.Ic window-size
+option) for which it is the current window, rather than the session to
+which it is attached.
+The window may resize when the current window is changed on another
+session; this option is good for full-screen programs which support
+.Dv SIGWINCH
+and poor for interactive programs such as shells.
+.Pp
+.It Xo Ic automatic-rename
+.Op Ic on | off
+.Xc
+Control automatic window renaming.
+When this setting is enabled,
+.Nm
+will rename the window automatically using the format specified by
+.Ic automatic-rename-format .
+This flag is automatically disabled for an individual window when a name
+is specified at creation with
+.Ic new-window
+or
+.Ic new-session ,
+or later with
+.Ic rename-window ,
+or with a terminal escape sequence.
+It may be switched off globally with:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+set-option -wg automatic-rename off
+.Ed
+.Pp
+.It Ic automatic-rename-format Ar format
+The format (see
+.Sx FORMATS )
+used when the
+.Ic automatic-rename
+option is enabled.
+.Pp
+.It Ic clock-mode-colour Ar colour
+Set clock colour.
+.Pp
+.It Xo Ic clock-mode-style
+.Op Ic 12 | 24
+.Xc
+Set clock hour format.
+.Pp
+.It Ic fill-character Ar character
+Set the character used to fill areas of the terminal unused by a window.
+.Pp
+.It Ic main-pane-height Ar height
+.It Ic main-pane-width Ar width
+Set the width or height of the main (left or top) pane in the
+.Ic main-horizontal
+or
+.Ic main-vertical
+layouts.
+If suffixed by
+.Ql % ,
+this is a percentage of the window size.
+.Pp
+.It Ic copy-mode-match-style Ar style
+Set the style of search matches in copy mode.
+For how to specify
+.Ar style ,
+see the
+.Sx STYLES
+section.
+.Pp
+.It Ic copy-mode-mark-style Ar style
+Set the style of the line containing the mark in copy mode.
+For how to specify
+.Ar style ,
+see the
+.Sx STYLES
+section.
+.Pp
+.It Ic copy-mode-current-match-style Ar style
+Set the style of the current search match in copy mode.
+For how to specify
+.Ar style ,
+see the
+.Sx STYLES
+section.
+.Pp
+.It Xo Ic mode-keys
+.Op Ic vi | emacs
+.Xc
+Use vi or emacs-style key bindings in copy mode.
+The default is emacs, unless
+.Ev VISUAL
+or
+.Ev EDITOR
+contains
+.Ql vi .
+.Pp
+.It Ic mode-style Ar style
+Set window modes style.
+For how to specify
+.Ar style ,
+see the
+.Sx STYLES
+section.
+.Pp
+.It Xo Ic monitor-activity
+.Op Ic on | off
+.Xc
+Monitor for activity in the window.
+Windows with activity are highlighted in the status line.
+.Pp
+.It Xo Ic monitor-bell
+.Op Ic on | off
+.Xc
+Monitor for a bell in the window.
+Windows with a bell are highlighted in the status line.
+.Pp
+.It Xo Ic monitor-silence
+.Op Ic interval
+.Xc
+Monitor for silence (no activity) in the window within
+.Ic interval
+seconds.
+Windows that have been silent for the interval are highlighted in the
+status line.
+An interval of zero disables the monitoring.
+.Pp
+.It Ic other-pane-height Ar height
+Set the height of the other panes (not the main pane) in the
+.Ic main-horizontal
+layout.
+If this option is set to 0 (the default), it will have no effect.
+If both the
+.Ic main-pane-height
+and
+.Ic other-pane-height
+options are set, the main pane will grow taller to make the other panes the
+specified height, but will never shrink to do so.
+If suffixed by
+.Ql % ,
+this is a percentage of the window size.
+.Pp
+.It Ic other-pane-width Ar width
+Like
+.Ic other-pane-height ,
+but set the width of other panes in the
+.Ic main-vertical
+layout.
+.Pp
+.It Ic pane-active-border-style Ar style
+Set the pane border style for the currently active pane.
+For how to specify
+.Ar style ,
+see the
+.Sx STYLES
+section.
+Attributes are ignored.
+.Pp
+.It Ic pane-base-index Ar index
+Like
+.Ic base-index ,
+but set the starting index for pane numbers.
+.Pp
+.It Ic pane-border-format Ar format
+Set the text shown in pane border status lines.
+.Pp
+.It Xo Ic pane-border-indicators
+.Op Ic off | colour | arrows | both
+.Xc
+Indicate active pane by colouring only half of the border in windows with
+exactly two panes, by displaying arrow markers, by drawing both or neither.
+.Pp
+.It Ic pane-border-lines Ar type
+Set the type of characters used for drawing pane borders.
+.Ar type
+may be one of:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It single
+single lines using ACS or UTF-8 characters
+.It double
+double lines using UTF-8 characters
+.It heavy
+heavy lines using UTF-8 characters
+.It simple
+simple ASCII characters
+.It number
+the pane number
+.El
+.Pp
+.Ql double
+and
+.Ql heavy
+will fall back to standard ACS line drawing when UTF-8 is not supported.
+.Pp
+.It Xo Ic pane-border-status
+.Op Ic off | top | bottom
+.Xc
+Turn pane border status lines off or set their position.
+.Pp
+.It Ic pane-border-style Ar style
+Set the pane border style for panes aside from the active pane.
+For how to specify
+.Ar style ,
+see the
+.Sx STYLES
+section.
+Attributes are ignored.
+.Pp
+.It Ic popup-style Ar style
+Set the popup style.
+For how to specify
+.Ar style ,
+see the
+.Sx STYLES
+section.
+Attributes are ignored.
+.Pp
+.It Ic popup-border-style Ar style
+Set the popup border style.
+For how to specify
+.Ar style ,
+see the
+.Sx STYLES
+section.
+Attributes are ignored.
+.Pp
+.It Ic popup-border-lines Ar type
+Set the type of characters used for drawing popup borders.
+.Ar type
+may be one of:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It single
+single lines using ACS or UTF-8 characters (default)
+.It rounded
+variation of single with rounded corners using UTF-8 characters
+.It double
+double lines using UTF-8 characters
+.It heavy
+heavy lines using UTF-8 characters
+.It simple
+simple ASCII characters
+.It padded
+simple ASCII space character
+.It none
+no border
+.El
+.Pp
+.Ql double
+and
+.Ql heavy
+will fall back to standard ACS line drawing when UTF-8 is not supported.
+.Pp
+.It Ic window-status-activity-style Ar style
+Set status line style for windows with an activity alert.
+For how to specify
+.Ar style ,
+see the
+.Sx STYLES
+section.
+.Pp
+.It Ic window-status-bell-style Ar style
+Set status line style for windows with a bell alert.
+For how to specify
+.Ar style ,
+see the
+.Sx STYLES
+section.
+.Pp
+.It Ic window-status-current-format Ar string
+Like
+.Ar window-status-format ,
+but is the format used when the window is the current window.
+.Pp
+.It Ic window-status-current-style Ar style
+Set status line style for the currently active window.
+For how to specify
+.Ar style ,
+see the
+.Sx STYLES
+section.
+.Pp
+.It Ic window-status-format Ar string
+Set the format in which the window is displayed in the status line window list.
+See the
+.Sx FORMATS
+and
+.Sx STYLES
+sections.
+.Pp
+.It Ic window-status-last-style Ar style
+Set status line style for the last active window.
+For how to specify
+.Ar style ,
+see the
+.Sx STYLES
+section.
+.Pp
+.It Ic window-status-separator Ar string
+Sets the separator drawn between windows in the status line.
+The default is a single space character.
+.Pp
+.It Ic window-status-style Ar style
+Set status line style for a single window.
+For how to specify
+.Ar style ,
+see the
+.Sx STYLES
+section.
+.Pp
+.It Xo Ic window-size
+.Ar largest | Ar smallest | Ar manual | Ar latest
+.Xc
+Configure how
+.Nm
+determines the window size.
+If set to
+.Ar largest ,
+the size of the largest attached session is used; if
+.Ar smallest ,
+the size of the smallest.
+If
+.Ar manual ,
+the size of a new window is set from the
+.Ic default-size
+option and windows are resized automatically.
+With
+.Ar latest ,
+.Nm
+uses the size of the client that had the most recent activity.
+See also the
+.Ic resize-window
+command and the
+.Ic aggressive-resize
+option.
+.Pp
+.It Xo Ic wrap-search
+.Op Ic on | off
+.Xc
+If this option is set, searches will wrap around the end of the pane contents.
+The default is on.
+.El
+.Pp
+Available pane options are:
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact
+.It Xo Ic allow-passthrough
+.Op Ic on | off
+.Xc
+Allow programs in the pane to bypass
+.Nm
+using a terminal escape sequence (\eePtmux;...\ee\e\e).
+.Pp
+.It Xo Ic allow-rename
+.Op Ic on | off
+.Xc
+Allow programs in the pane to change the window name using a terminal escape
+sequence (\eek...\ee\e\e).
+.Pp
+.It Xo Ic alternate-screen
+.Op Ic on | off
+.Xc
+This option configures whether programs running inside the pane may use the
+terminal alternate screen feature, which allows the
+.Em smcup
+and
+.Em rmcup
+.Xr terminfo 5
+capabilities.
+The alternate screen feature preserves the contents of the window when an
+interactive application starts and restores it on exit, so that any output
+visible before the application starts reappears unchanged after it exits.
+.Pp
+.It Ic cursor-colour Ar colour
+Set the colour of the cursor.
+.Pp
+.It Ic pane-colours[] Ar colour
+The default colour palette.
+Each entry in the array defines the colour
+.Nm
+uses when the colour with that index is requested.
+The index may be from zero to 255.
+.Pp
+.It Ic cursor-style Ar style
+Set the style of the cursor.
+Available styles are:
+.Ic default ,
+.Ic blinking-block ,
+.Ic block ,
+.Ic blinking-underline ,
+.Ic underline ,
+.Ic blinking-bar ,
+.Ic bar .
+.Pp
+.It Xo Ic remain-on-exit
+.Op Ic on | off | failed
+.Xc
+A pane with this flag set is not destroyed when the program running in it
+exits.
+If set to
+.Ic failed ,
+then only when the program exit status is not zero.
+The pane may be reactivated with the
+.Ic respawn-pane
+command.
+.Pp
+.It Ic remain-on-exit-format Ar string
+Set the text shown at the bottom of exited panes when
+.Ic remain-on-exit
+is enabled.
+.Pp
+.It Xo Ic scroll-on-clear
+.Op Ic on | off
+.Xc
+When the entire screen is cleared and this option is on, scroll the contents of
+the screen into history before clearing it.
+.Pp
+.It Xo Ic synchronize-panes
+.Op Ic on | off
+.Xc
+Duplicate input to all other panes in the same window where this option is also
+on (only for panes that are not in any mode).
+.Pp
+.It Ic window-active-style Ar style
+Set the pane style when it is the active pane.
+For how to specify
+.Ar style ,
+see the
+.Sx STYLES
+section.
+.Pp
+.It Ic window-style Ar style
+Set the pane style.
+For how to specify
+.Ar style ,
+see the
+.Sx STYLES
+section.
+.El
+.Sh HOOKS
+.Nm
+allows commands to run on various triggers, called
+.Em hooks .
+Most
+.Nm
+commands have an
+.Em after
+hook and there are a number of hooks not associated with commands.
+.Pp
+Hooks are stored as array options, members of the array are executed in
+order when the hook is triggered.
+Like options different hooks may be global or belong to a session, window or pane.
+Hooks may be configured with the
+.Ic set-hook
+or
+.Ic set-option
+commands and displayed with
+.Ic show-hooks
+or
+.Ic show-options
+.Fl H .
+The following two commands are equivalent:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent.
+set-hook -g pane-mode-changed[42] 'set -g status-left-style bg=red'
+set-option -g pane-mode-changed[42] 'set -g status-left-style bg=red'
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Setting a hook without specifying an array index clears the hook and sets the
+first member of the array.
+.Pp
+A command's after
+hook is run after it completes, except when the command is run as part of a hook
+itself.
+They are named with an
+.Ql after-
+prefix.
+For example, the following command adds a hook to select the even-vertical
+layout after every
+.Ic split-window :
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+set-hook -g after-split-window "selectl even-vertical"
+.Ed
+.Pp
+All the notifications listed in the
+.Sx CONTROL MODE
+section are hooks (without any arguments), except
+.Ic %exit .
+The following additional hooks are available:
+.Bl -tag -width "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
+.It alert-activity
+Run when a window has activity.
+See
+.Ic monitor-activity .
+.It alert-bell
+Run when a window has received a bell.
+See
+.Ic monitor-bell .
+.It alert-silence
+Run when a window has been silent.
+See
+.Ic monitor-silence .
+.It client-active
+Run when a client becomes the latest active client of its session.
+.It client-attached
+Run when a client is attached.
+.It client-detached
+Run when a client is detached
+.It client-focus-in
+Run when focus enters a client
+.It client-focus-out
+Run when focus exits a client
+.It client-resized
+Run when a client is resized.
+.It client-session-changed
+Run when a client's attached session is changed.
+.It pane-died
+Run when the program running in a pane exits, but
+.Ic remain-on-exit
+is on so the pane has not closed.
+.It pane-exited
+Run when the program running in a pane exits.
+.It pane-focus-in
+Run when the focus enters a pane, if the
+.Ic focus-events
+option is on.
+.It pane-focus-out
+Run when the focus exits a pane, if the
+.Ic focus-events
+option is on.
+.It pane-set-clipboard
+Run when the terminal clipboard is set using the
+.Xr xterm 1
+escape sequence.
+.It session-created
+Run when a new session created.
+.It session-closed
+Run when a session closed.
+.It session-renamed
+Run when a session is renamed.
+.It window-linked
+Run when a window is linked into a session.
+.It window-renamed
+Run when a window is renamed.
+.It window-resized
+Run when a window is resized.
+This may be after the
+.Ar client-resized
+hook is run.
+.It window-unlinked
+Run when a window is unlinked from a session.
+.El
+.Pp
+Hooks are managed with these commands:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Xo Ic set-hook
+.Op Fl agpRuw
+.Op Fl t Ar target-pane
+.Ar hook-name
+.Ar command
+.Xc
+Without
+.Fl R ,
+sets (or with
+.Fl u
+unsets) hook
+.Ar hook-name
+to
+.Ar command .
+The flags are the same as for
+.Ic set-option .
+.Pp
+With
+.Fl R ,
+run
+.Ar hook-name
+immediately.
+.It Xo Ic show-hooks
+.Op Fl gpw
+.Op Fl t Ar target-pane
+.Xc
+Shows hooks.
+The flags are the same as for
+.Ic show-options .
+.El
+.Sh MOUSE SUPPORT
+If the
+.Ic mouse
+option is on (the default is off),
+.Nm
+allows mouse events to be bound as keys.
+The name of each key is made up of a mouse event (such as
+.Ql MouseUp1 )
+and a location suffix, one of the following:
+.Bl -column "XXXXXXXXXXXXX" -offset indent
+.It Li "Pane" Ta "the contents of a pane"
+.It Li "Border" Ta "a pane border"
+.It Li "Status" Ta "the status line window list"
+.It Li "StatusLeft" Ta "the left part of the status line"
+.It Li "StatusRight" Ta "the right part of the status line"
+.It Li "StatusDefault" Ta "any other part of the status line"
+.El
+.Pp
+The following mouse events are available:
+.Bl -column "MouseDown1" "MouseDrag1" "WheelDown" -offset indent
+.It Li "WheelUp" Ta "WheelDown" Ta ""
+.It Li "MouseDown1" Ta "MouseUp1" Ta "MouseDrag1" Ta "MouseDragEnd1"
+.It Li "MouseDown2" Ta "MouseUp2" Ta "MouseDrag2" Ta "MouseDragEnd2"
+.It Li "MouseDown3" Ta "MouseUp3" Ta "MouseDrag3" Ta "MouseDragEnd3"
+.It Li "SecondClick1" Ta "SecondClick2" Ta "SecondClick3"
+.It Li "DoubleClick1" Ta "DoubleClick2" Ta "DoubleClick3"
+.It Li "TripleClick1" Ta "TripleClick2" Ta "TripleClick3"
+.El
+.Pp
+The
+.Ql SecondClick
+events are fired for the second click of a double click, even if there may be a
+third click which will fire
+.Ql TripleClick
+instead of
+.Ql DoubleClick .
+.Pp
+Each should be suffixed with a location, for example
+.Ql MouseDown1Status .
+.Pp
+The special token
+.Ql {mouse}
+or
+.Ql =
+may be used as
+.Ar target-window
+or
+.Ar target-pane
+in commands bound to mouse key bindings.
+It resolves to the window or pane over which the mouse event took place
+(for example, the window in the status line over which button 1 was released for a
+.Ql MouseUp1Status
+binding, or the pane over which the wheel was scrolled for a
+.Ql WheelDownPane
+binding).
+.Pp
+The
+.Ic send-keys
+.Fl M
+flag may be used to forward a mouse event to a pane.
+.Pp
+The default key bindings allow the mouse to be used to select and resize panes,
+to copy text and to change window using the status line.
+These take effect if the
+.Ic mouse
+option is turned on.
+.Sh FORMATS
+Certain commands accept the
+.Fl F
+flag with a
+.Ar format
+argument.
+This is a string which controls the output format of the command.
+Format variables are enclosed in
+.Ql #{
+and
+.Ql } ,
+for example
+.Ql #{session_name} .
+The possible variables are listed in the table below, or the name of a
+.Nm
+option may be used for an option's value.
+Some variables have a shorter alias such as
+.Ql #S ;
+.Ql ##
+is replaced by a single
+.Ql # ,
+.Ql #,
+by a
+.Ql \&,
+and
+.Ql #}
+by a
+.Ql } .
+.Pp
+Conditionals are available by prefixing with
+.Ql \&?
+and separating two alternatives with a comma;
+if the specified variable exists and is not zero, the first alternative
+is chosen, otherwise the second is used.
+For example
+.Ql #{?session_attached,attached,not attached}
+will include the string
+.Ql attached
+if the session is attached and the string
+.Ql not attached
+if it is unattached, or
+.Ql #{?automatic-rename,yes,no}
+will include
+.Ql yes
+if
+.Ic automatic-rename
+is enabled, or
+.Ql no
+if not.
+Conditionals can be nested arbitrarily.
+Inside a conditional,
+.Ql \&,
+and
+.Ql }
+must be escaped as
+.Ql #,
+and
+.Ql #} ,
+unless they are part of a
+.Ql #{...}
+replacement.
+For example:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+#{?pane_in_mode,#[fg=white#,bg=red],#[fg=red#,bg=white]}#W .
+.Ed
+.Pp
+String comparisons may be expressed by prefixing two comma-separated
+alternatives by
+.Ql == ,
+.Ql != ,
+.Ql < ,
+.Ql > ,
+.Ql <=
+or
+.Ql >=
+and a colon.
+For example
+.Ql #{==:#{host},myhost}
+will be replaced by
+.Ql 1
+if running on
+.Ql myhost ,
+otherwise by
+.Ql 0 .
+.Ql ||
+and
+.Ql &&
+evaluate to true if either or both of two comma-separated alternatives are
+true, for example
+.Ql #{||:#{pane_in_mode},#{alternate_on}} .
+.Pp
+An
+.Ql m
+specifies an
+.Xr fnmatch 3
+or regular expression comparison.
+The first argument is the pattern and the second the string to compare.
+An optional argument specifies flags:
+.Ql r
+means the pattern is a regular expression instead of the default
+.Xr fnmatch 3
+pattern, and
+.Ql i
+means to ignore case.
+For example:
+.Ql #{m:*foo*,#{host}}
+or
+.Ql #{m/ri:^A,MYVAR} .
+A
+.Ql C
+performs a search for an
+.Xr fnmatch 3
+pattern or regular expression in the pane content and evaluates to zero if not
+found, or a line number if found.
+Like
+.Ql m ,
+an
+.Ql r
+flag means search for a regular expression and
+.Ql i
+ignores case.
+For example:
+.Ql #{C/r:^Start}
+.Pp
+Numeric operators may be performed by prefixing two comma-separated alternatives with an
+.Ql e
+and an operator.
+An optional
+.Ql f
+flag may be given after the operator to use floating point numbers, otherwise integers are used.
+This may be followed by a number giving the number of decimal places to use for the result.
+The available operators are:
+addition
+.Ql + ,
+subtraction
+.Ql - ,
+multiplication
+.Ql * ,
+division
+.Ql / ,
+modulus
+.Ql m
+or
+.Ql %
+(note that
+.Ql %
+must be escaped as
+.Ql %%
+in formats which are also expanded by
+.Xr strftime 3 )
+and numeric comparison operators
+.Ql == ,
+.Ql != ,
+.Ql < ,
+.Ql <= ,
+.Ql >
+and
+.Ql >= .
+For example,
+.Ql #{e|*|f|4:5.5,3}
+multiplies 5.5 by 3 for a result with four decimal places and
+.Ql #{e|%%:7,3}
+returns the modulus of 7 and 3.
+.Ql a
+replaces a numeric argument by its ASCII equivalent, so
+.Ql #{a:98}
+results in
+.Ql b .
+.Ql c
+replaces a
+.Nm
+colour by its six-digit hexadecimal RGB value.
+.Pp
+A limit may be placed on the length of the resultant string by prefixing it
+by an
+.Ql = ,
+a number and a colon.
+Positive numbers count from the start of the string and negative from the end,
+so
+.Ql #{=5:pane_title}
+will include at most the first five characters of the pane title, or
+.Ql #{=-5:pane_title}
+the last five characters.
+A suffix or prefix may be given as a second argument - if provided then it is
+appended or prepended to the string if the length has been trimmed, for example
+.Ql #{=/5/...:pane_title}
+will append
+.Ql ...
+if the pane title is more than five characters.
+Similarly,
+.Ql p
+pads the string to a given width, for example
+.Ql #{p10:pane_title}
+will result in a width of at least 10 characters.
+A positive width pads on the left, a negative on the right.
+.Ql n
+expands to the length of the variable and
+.Ql w
+to its width when displayed, for example
+.Ql #{n:window_name} .
+.Pp
+Prefixing a time variable with
+.Ql t:\&
+will convert it to a string, so if
+.Ql #{window_activity}
+gives
+.Ql 1445765102 ,
+.Ql #{t:window_activity}
+gives
+.Ql Sun Oct 25 09:25:02 2015 .
+Adding
+.Ql p (
+.Ql `t/p` )
+will use shorter but less accurate time format for times in the past.
+A custom format may be given using an
+.Ql f
+suffix (note that
+.Ql %
+must be escaped as
+.Ql %%
+if the format is separately being passed through
+.Xr strftime 3 ,
+for example in the
+.Ic status-left
+option):
+.Ql #{t/f/%%H#:%%M:window_activity} ,
+see
+.Xr strftime 3 .
+.Pp
+The
+.Ql b:\&
+and
+.Ql d:\&
+prefixes are
+.Xr basename 3
+and
+.Xr dirname 3
+of the variable respectively.
+.Ql q:\&
+will escape
+.Xr sh 1
+special characters or with a
+.Ql h
+suffix, escape hash characters (so
+.Ql #
+becomes
+.Ql ## ) .
+.Ql E:\&
+will expand the format twice, for example
+.Ql #{E:status-left}
+is the result of expanding the content of the
+.Ic status-left
+option rather than the option itself.
+.Ql T:\&
+is like
+.Ql E:\&
+but also expands
+.Xr strftime 3
+specifiers.
+.Ql S:\& ,
+.Ql W:\&
+or
+.Ql P:\&
+will loop over each session, window or pane and insert the format once
+for each.
+For windows and panes, two comma-separated formats may be given:
+the second is used for the current window or active pane.
+For example, to get a list of windows formatted like the status line:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+#{W:#{E:window-status-format} ,#{E:window-status-current-format} }
+.Ed
+.Pp
+.Ql N:\&
+checks if a window (without any suffix or with the
+.Ql w
+suffix) or a session (with the
+.Ql s
+suffix) name exists, for example
+.Ql `N/w:foo`
+is replaced with 1 if a window named
+.Ql foo
+exists.
+.Pp
+A prefix of the form
+.Ql s/foo/bar/:\&
+will substitute
+.Ql foo
+with
+.Ql bar
+throughout.
+The first argument may be an extended regular expression and a final argument may be
+.Ql i
+to ignore case, for example
+.Ql s/a(.)/\e1x/i:\&
+would change
+.Ql abABab
+into
+.Ql bxBxbx .
+.Pp
+In addition, the last line of a shell command's output may be inserted using
+.Ql #() .
+For example,
+.Ql #(uptime)
+will insert the system's uptime.
+When constructing formats,
+.Nm
+does not wait for
+.Ql #()
+commands to finish; instead, the previous result from running the same command is used,
+or a placeholder if the command has not been run before.
+If the command hasn't exited, the most recent line of output will be used, but the status
+line will not be updated more than once a second.
+Commands are executed using
+.Pa /bin/sh
+and with the
+.Nm
+global environment set (see the
+.Sx GLOBAL AND SESSION ENVIRONMENT
+section).
+.Pp
+An
+.Ql l
+specifies that a string should be interpreted literally and not expanded.
+For example
+.Ql #{l:#{?pane_in_mode,yes,no}}
+will be replaced by
+.Ql #{?pane_in_mode,yes,no} .
+.Pp
+The following variables are available, where appropriate:
+.Bl -column "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX" "XXXXX"
+.It Sy "Variable name" Ta Sy "Alias" Ta Sy "Replaced with"
+.It Li "active_window_index" Ta "" Ta "Index of active window in session"
+.It Li "alternate_on" Ta "" Ta "1 if pane is in alternate screen"
+.It Li "alternate_saved_x" Ta "" Ta "Saved cursor X in alternate screen"
+.It Li "alternate_saved_y" Ta "" Ta "Saved cursor Y in alternate screen"
+.It Li "buffer_created" Ta "" Ta "Time buffer created"
+.It Li "buffer_name" Ta "" Ta "Name of buffer"
+.It Li "buffer_sample" Ta "" Ta "Sample of start of buffer"
+.It Li "buffer_size" Ta "" Ta "Size of the specified buffer in bytes"
+.It Li "client_activity" Ta "" Ta "Time client last had activity"
+.It Li "client_cell_height" Ta "" Ta "Height of each client cell in pixels"
+.It Li "client_cell_width" Ta "" Ta "Width of each client cell in pixels"
+.It Li "client_control_mode" Ta "" Ta "1 if client is in control mode"
+.It Li "client_created" Ta "" Ta "Time client created"
+.It Li "client_discarded" Ta "" Ta "Bytes discarded when client behind"
+.It Li "client_flags" Ta "" Ta "List of client flags"
+.It Li "client_height" Ta "" Ta "Height of client"
+.It Li "client_key_table" Ta "" Ta "Current key table"
+.It Li "client_last_session" Ta "" Ta "Name of the client's last session"
+.It Li "client_name" Ta "" Ta "Name of client"
+.It Li "client_pid" Ta "" Ta "PID of client process"
+.It Li "client_prefix" Ta "" Ta "1 if prefix key has been pressed"
+.It Li "client_readonly" Ta "" Ta "1 if client is read-only"
+.It Li "client_session" Ta "" Ta "Name of the client's session"
+.It Li "client_termfeatures" Ta "" Ta "Terminal features of client, if any"
+.It Li "client_termname" Ta "" Ta "Terminal name of client"
+.It Li "client_termtype" Ta "" Ta "Terminal type of client, if available"
+.It Li "client_tty" Ta "" Ta "Pseudo terminal of client"
+.It Li "client_uid" Ta "" Ta "UID of client process"
+.It Li "client_user" Ta "" Ta "User of client process"
+.It Li "client_utf8" Ta "" Ta "1 if client supports UTF-8"
+.It Li "client_width" Ta "" Ta "Width of client"
+.It Li "client_written" Ta "" Ta "Bytes written to client"
+.It Li "command" Ta "" Ta "Name of command in use, if any"
+.It Li "command_list_alias" Ta "" Ta "Command alias if listing commands"
+.It Li "command_list_name" Ta "" Ta "Command name if listing commands"
+.It Li "command_list_usage" Ta "" Ta "Command usage if listing commands"
+.It Li "config_files" Ta "" Ta "List of configuration files loaded"
+.It Li "copy_cursor_line" Ta "" Ta "Line the cursor is on in copy mode"
+.It Li "copy_cursor_word" Ta "" Ta "Word under cursor in copy mode"
+.It Li "copy_cursor_x" Ta "" Ta "Cursor X position in copy mode"
+.It Li "copy_cursor_y" Ta "" Ta "Cursor Y position in copy mode"
+.It Li "current_file" Ta "" Ta "Current configuration file"
+.It Li "cursor_character" Ta "" Ta "Character at cursor in pane"
+.It Li "cursor_flag" Ta "" Ta "Pane cursor flag"
+.It Li "cursor_x" Ta "" Ta "Cursor X position in pane"
+.It Li "cursor_y" Ta "" Ta "Cursor Y position in pane"
+.It Li "history_bytes" Ta "" Ta "Number of bytes in window history"
+.It Li "history_limit" Ta "" Ta "Maximum window history lines"
+.It Li "history_size" Ta "" Ta "Size of history in lines"
+.It Li "hook" Ta "" Ta "Name of running hook, if any"
+.It Li "hook_client" Ta "" Ta "Name of client where hook was run, if any"
+.It Li "hook_pane" Ta "" Ta "ID of pane where hook was run, if any"
+.It Li "hook_session" Ta "" Ta "ID of session where hook was run, if any"
+.It Li "hook_session_name" Ta "" Ta "Name of session where hook was run, if any"
+.It Li "hook_window" Ta "" Ta "ID of window where hook was run, if any"
+.It Li "hook_window_name" Ta "" Ta "Name of window where hook was run, if any"
+.It Li "host" Ta "#H" Ta "Hostname of local host"
+.It Li "host_short" Ta "#h" Ta "Hostname of local host (no domain name)"
+.It Li "insert_flag" Ta "" Ta "Pane insert flag"
+.It Li "keypad_cursor_flag" Ta "" Ta "Pane keypad cursor flag"
+.It Li "keypad_flag" Ta "" Ta "Pane keypad flag"
+.It Li "last_window_index" Ta "" Ta "Index of last window in session"
+.It Li "line" Ta "" Ta "Line number in the list"
+.It Li "mouse_all_flag" Ta "" Ta "Pane mouse all flag"
+.It Li "mouse_any_flag" Ta "" Ta "Pane mouse any flag"
+.It Li "mouse_button_flag" Ta "" Ta "Pane mouse button flag"
+.It Li "mouse_line" Ta "" Ta "Line under mouse, if any"
+.It Li "mouse_sgr_flag" Ta "" Ta "Pane mouse SGR flag"
+.It Li "mouse_standard_flag" Ta "" Ta "Pane mouse standard flag"
+.It Li "mouse_utf8_flag" Ta "" Ta "Pane mouse UTF-8 flag"
+.It Li "mouse_word" Ta "" Ta "Word under mouse, if any"
+.It Li "mouse_x" Ta "" Ta "Mouse X position, if any"
+.It Li "mouse_y" Ta "" Ta "Mouse Y position, if any"
+.It Li "next_session_id" Ta "" Ta "Unique session ID for next new session"
+.It Li "origin_flag" Ta "" Ta "Pane origin flag"
+.It Li "pane_active" Ta "" Ta "1 if active pane"
+.It Li "pane_at_bottom" Ta "" Ta "1 if pane is at the bottom of window"
+.It Li "pane_at_left" Ta "" Ta "1 if pane is at the left of window"
+.It Li "pane_at_right" Ta "" Ta "1 if pane is at the right of window"
+.It Li "pane_at_top" Ta "" Ta "1 if pane is at the top of window"
+.It Li "pane_bg" Ta "" Ta "Pane background colour"
+.It Li "pane_bottom" Ta "" Ta "Bottom of pane"
+.It Li "pane_current_command" Ta "" Ta "Current command if available"
+.It Li "pane_current_path" Ta "" Ta "Current path if available"
+.It Li "pane_dead" Ta "" Ta "1 if pane is dead"
+.It Li "pane_dead_signal" Ta "" Ta "Exit signal of process in dead pane"
+.It Li "pane_dead_status" Ta "" Ta "Exit status of process in dead pane"
+.It Li "pane_dead_time" Ta "" Ta "Exit time of process in dead pane"
+.It Li "pane_fg" Ta "" Ta "Pane foreground colour"
+.It Li "pane_format" Ta "" Ta "1 if format is for a pane"
+.It Li "pane_height" Ta "" Ta "Height of pane"
+.It Li "pane_id" Ta "#D" Ta "Unique pane ID"
+.It Li "pane_in_mode" Ta "" Ta "1 if pane is in a mode"
+.It Li "pane_index" Ta "#P" Ta "Index of pane"
+.It Li "pane_input_off" Ta "" Ta "1 if input to pane is disabled"
+.It Li "pane_last" Ta "" Ta "1 if last pane"
+.It Li "pane_left" Ta "" Ta "Left of pane"
+.It Li "pane_marked" Ta "" Ta "1 if this is the marked pane"
+.It Li "pane_marked_set" Ta "" Ta "1 if a marked pane is set"
+.It Li "pane_mode" Ta "" Ta "Name of pane mode, if any"
+.It Li "pane_path" Ta "" Ta "Path of pane (can be set by application)"
+.It Li "pane_pid" Ta "" Ta "PID of first process in pane"
+.It Li "pane_pipe" Ta "" Ta "1 if pane is being piped"
+.It Li "pane_right" Ta "" Ta "Right of pane"
+.It Li "pane_search_string" Ta "" Ta "Last search string in copy mode"
+.It Li "pane_start_command" Ta "" Ta "Command pane started with"
+.It Li "pane_start_path" Ta "" Ta "Path pane started with"
+.It Li "pane_synchronized" Ta "" Ta "1 if pane is synchronized"
+.It Li "pane_tabs" Ta "" Ta "Pane tab positions"
+.It Li "pane_title" Ta "#T" Ta "Title of pane (can be set by application)"
+.It Li "pane_top" Ta "" Ta "Top of pane"
+.It Li "pane_tty" Ta "" Ta "Pseudo terminal of pane"
+.It Li "pane_width" Ta "" Ta "Width of pane"
+.It Li "pid" Ta "" Ta "Server PID"
+.It Li "rectangle_toggle" Ta "" Ta "1 if rectangle selection is activated"
+.It Li "scroll_position" Ta "" Ta "Scroll position in copy mode"
+.It Li "scroll_region_lower" Ta "" Ta "Bottom of scroll region in pane"
+.It Li "scroll_region_upper" Ta "" Ta "Top of scroll region in pane"
+.It Li "search_match" Ta "" Ta "Search match if any"
+.It Li "search_present" Ta "" Ta "1 if search started in copy mode"
+.It Li "selection_active" Ta "" Ta "1 if selection started and changes with the cursor in copy mode"
+.It Li "selection_end_x" Ta "" Ta "X position of the end of the selection"
+.It Li "selection_end_y" Ta "" Ta "Y position of the end of the selection"
+.It Li "selection_present" Ta "" Ta "1 if selection started in copy mode"
+.It Li "selection_start_x" Ta "" Ta "X position of the start of the selection"
+.It Li "selection_start_y" Ta "" Ta "Y position of the start of the selection"
+.It Li "session_activity" Ta "" Ta "Time of session last activity"
+.It Li "session_alerts" Ta "" Ta "List of window indexes with alerts"
+.It Li "session_attached" Ta "" Ta "Number of clients session is attached to"
+.It Li "session_attached_list" Ta "" Ta "List of clients session is attached to"
+.It Li "session_created" Ta "" Ta "Time session created"
+.It Li "session_format" Ta "" Ta "1 if format is for a session"
+.It Li "session_group" Ta "" Ta "Name of session group"
+.It Li "session_group_attached" Ta "" Ta "Number of clients sessions in group are attached to"
+.It Li "session_group_attached_list" Ta "" Ta "List of clients sessions in group are attached to"
+.It Li "session_group_list" Ta "" Ta "List of sessions in group"
+.It Li "session_group_many_attached" Ta "" Ta "1 if multiple clients attached to sessions in group"
+.It Li "session_group_size" Ta "" Ta "Size of session group"
+.It Li "session_grouped" Ta "" Ta "1 if session in a group"
+.It Li "session_id" Ta "" Ta "Unique session ID"
+.It Li "session_last_attached" Ta "" Ta "Time session last attached"
+.It Li "session_many_attached" Ta "" Ta "1 if multiple clients attached"
+.It Li "session_marked" Ta "" Ta "1 if this session contains the marked pane"
+.It Li "session_name" Ta "#S" Ta "Name of session"
+.It Li "session_path" Ta "" Ta "Working directory of session"
+.It Li "session_stack" Ta "" Ta "Window indexes in most recent order"
+.It Li "session_windows" Ta "" Ta "Number of windows in session"
+.It Li "socket_path" Ta "" Ta "Server socket path"
+.It Li "start_time" Ta "" Ta "Server start time"
+.It Li "uid" Ta "" Ta "Server UID"
+.It Li "user" Ta "" Ta "Server user"
+.It Li "version" Ta "" Ta "Server version"
+.It Li "window_active" Ta "" Ta "1 if window active"
+.It Li "window_active_clients" Ta "" Ta "Number of clients viewing this window"
+.It Li "window_active_clients_list" Ta "" Ta "List of clients viewing this window"
+.It Li "window_active_sessions" Ta "" Ta "Number of sessions on which this window is active"
+.It Li "window_active_sessions_list" Ta "" Ta "List of sessions on which this window is active"
+.It Li "window_activity" Ta "" Ta "Time of window last activity"
+.It Li "window_activity_flag" Ta "" Ta "1 if window has activity"
+.It Li "window_bell_flag" Ta "" Ta "1 if window has bell"
+.It Li "window_bigger" Ta "" Ta "1 if window is larger than client"
+.It Li "window_cell_height" Ta "" Ta "Height of each cell in pixels"
+.It Li "window_cell_width" Ta "" Ta "Width of each cell in pixels"
+.It Li "window_end_flag" Ta "" Ta "1 if window has the highest index"
+.It Li "window_flags" Ta "#F" Ta "Window flags with # escaped as ##"
+.It Li "window_format" Ta "" Ta "1 if format is for a window"
+.It Li "window_height" Ta "" Ta "Height of window"
+.It Li "window_id" Ta "" Ta "Unique window ID"
+.It Li "window_index" Ta "#I" Ta "Index of window"
+.It Li "window_last_flag" Ta "" Ta "1 if window is the last used"
+.It Li "window_layout" Ta "" Ta "Window layout description, ignoring zoomed window panes"
+.It Li "window_linked" Ta "" Ta "1 if window is linked across sessions"
+.It Li "window_linked_sessions" Ta "" Ta "Number of sessions this window is linked to"
+.It Li "window_linked_sessions_list" Ta "" Ta "List of sessions this window is linked to"
+.It Li "window_marked_flag" Ta "" Ta "1 if window contains the marked pane"
+.It Li "window_name" Ta "#W" Ta "Name of window"
+.It Li "window_offset_x" Ta "" Ta "X offset into window if larger than client"
+.It Li "window_offset_y" Ta "" Ta "Y offset into window if larger than client"
+.It Li "window_panes" Ta "" Ta "Number of panes in window"
+.It Li "window_raw_flags" Ta "" Ta "Window flags with nothing escaped"
+.It Li "window_silence_flag" Ta "" Ta "1 if window has silence alert"
+.It Li "window_stack_index" Ta "" Ta "Index in session most recent stack"
+.It Li "window_start_flag" Ta "" Ta "1 if window has the lowest index"
+.It Li "window_visible_layout" Ta "" Ta "Window layout description, respecting zoomed window panes"
+.It Li "window_width" Ta "" Ta "Width of window"
+.It Li "window_zoomed_flag" Ta "" Ta "1 if window is zoomed"
+.It Li "wrap_flag" Ta "" Ta "Pane wrap flag"
+.El
+.Sh STYLES
+.Nm
+offers various options to specify the colour and attributes of aspects of the
+interface, for example
+.Ic status-style
+for the status line.
+In addition, embedded styles may be specified in format options, such as
+.Ic status-left ,
+by enclosing them in
+.Ql #[
+and
+.Ql \&] .
+.Pp
+A style may be the single term
+.Ql default
+to specify the default style (which may come from an option, for example
+.Ic status-style
+in the status line) or a space
+or comma separated list of the following:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic fg=colour
+Set the foreground colour.
+The colour is one of:
+.Ic black ,
+.Ic red ,
+.Ic green ,
+.Ic yellow ,
+.Ic blue ,
+.Ic magenta ,
+.Ic cyan ,
+.Ic white ;
+if supported the bright variants
+.Ic brightred ,
+.Ic brightgreen ,
+.Ic brightyellow ;
+.Ic colour0
+to
+.Ic colour255
+from the 256-colour set;
+.Ic default
+for the default colour;
+.Ic terminal
+for the terminal default colour; or a hexadecimal RGB string such as
+.Ql #ffffff .
+.It Ic bg=colour
+Set the background colour.
+.It Ic none
+Set no attributes (turn off any active attributes).
+.It Xo Ic acs ,
+.Ic bright
+(or
+.Ic bold ) ,
+.Ic dim ,
+.Ic underscore ,
+.Ic blink ,
+.Ic reverse ,
+.Ic hidden ,
+.Ic italics ,
+.Ic overline ,
+.Ic strikethrough ,
+.Ic double-underscore ,
+.Ic curly-underscore ,
+.Ic dotted-underscore ,
+.Ic dashed-underscore
+.Xc
+Set an attribute.
+Any of the attributes may be prefixed with
+.Ql no
+to unset.
+.Ic acs
+is the terminal alternate character set.
+.It Xo Ic align=left
+(or
+.Ic noalign ) ,
+.Ic align=centre ,
+.Ic align=right
+.Xc
+Align text to the left, centre or right of the available space if appropriate.
+.It Ic fill=colour
+Fill the available space with a background colour if appropriate.
+.It Xo Ic list=on ,
+.Ic list=focus ,
+.Ic list=left-marker ,
+.Ic list=right-marker ,
+.Ic nolist
+.Xc
+Mark the position of the various window list components in the
+.Ic status-format
+option:
+.Ic list=on
+marks the start of the list;
+.Ic list=focus
+is the part of the list that should be kept in focus if the entire list won't fit
+in the available space (typically the current window);
+.Ic list=left-marker
+and
+.Ic list=right-marker
+mark the text to be used to mark that text has been trimmed from the left or
+right of the list if there is not enough space.
+.It Xo Ic push-default ,
+.Ic pop-default
+.Xc
+Store the current colours and attributes as the default or reset to the previous
+default.
+A
+.Ic push-default
+affects any subsequent use of the
+.Ic default
+term until a
+.Ic pop-default .
+Only one default may be pushed (each
+.Ic push-default
+replaces the previous saved default).
+.It Xo Ic range=left ,
+.Ic range=right ,
+.Ic range=window|X ,
+.Ic norange
+.Xc
+Mark a range in the
+.Ic status-format
+option.
+.Ic range=left
+and
+.Ic range=right
+are the text used for the
+.Ql StatusLeft
+and
+.Ql StatusRight
+mouse keys.
+.Ic range=window|X
+is the range for a window passed to the
+.Ql Status
+mouse key, where
+.Ql X
+is a window index.
+.El
+.Pp
+Examples are:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+fg=yellow bold underscore blink
+bg=black,fg=default,noreverse
+.Ed
+.Sh NAMES AND TITLES
+.Nm
+distinguishes between names and titles.
+Windows and sessions have names, which may be used to specify them in targets
+and are displayed in the status line and various lists: the name is the
+.Nm
+identifier for a window or session.
+Only panes have titles.
+A pane's title is typically set by the program running inside the pane using
+an escape sequence (like it would set the
+.Xr xterm 1
+window title in
+.Xr X 7 ) .
+Windows themselves do not have titles - a window's title is the title of its
+active pane.
+.Nm
+itself may set the title of the terminal in which the client is running, see
+the
+.Ic set-titles
+option.
+.Pp
+A session's name is set with the
+.Ic new-session
+and
+.Ic rename-session
+commands.
+A window's name is set with one of:
+.Bl -enum -width Ds
+.It
+A command argument (such as
+.Fl n
+for
+.Ic new-window
+or
+.Ic new-session ) .
+.It
+An escape sequence (if the
+.Ic allow-rename
+option is turned on):
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+$ printf '\e033kWINDOW_NAME\e033\e\e'
+.Ed
+.It
+Automatic renaming, which sets the name to the active command in the window's
+active pane.
+See the
+.Ic automatic-rename
+option.
+.El
+.Pp
+When a pane is first created, its title is the hostname.
+A pane's title can be set via the title setting escape sequence, for example:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+$ printf '\e033]2;My Title\e033\e\e'
+.Ed
+.Pp
+It can also be modified with the
+.Ic select-pane
+.Fl T
+command.
+.Sh GLOBAL AND SESSION ENVIRONMENT
+When the server is started,
+.Nm
+copies the environment into the
+.Em global environment ;
+in addition, each session has a
+.Em session environment .
+When a window is created, the session and global environments are merged.
+If a variable exists in both, the value from the session environment is used.
+The result is the initial environment passed to the new process.
+.Pp
+The
+.Ic update-environment
+session option may be used to update the session environment from the client
+when a new session is created or an old reattached.
+.Nm
+also initialises the
+.Ev TMUX
+variable with some internal information to allow commands to be executed
+from inside, and the
+.Ev TERM
+variable with the correct terminal setting of
+.Ql screen .
+.Pp
+Variables in both session and global environments may be marked as hidden.
+Hidden variables are not passed into the environment of new processes and
+instead can only be used by tmux itself (for example in formats, see the
+.Sx FORMATS
+section).
+.Pp
+Commands to alter and view the environment are:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.Tg setenv
+.It Xo Ic set-environment
+.Op Fl Fhgru
+.Op Fl t Ar target-session
+.Ar name Op Ar value
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic setenv
+Set or unset an environment variable.
+If
+.Fl g
+is used, the change is made in the global environment; otherwise, it is applied
+to the session environment for
+.Ar target-session .
+If
+.Fl F
+is present, then
+.Ar value
+is expanded as a format.
+The
+.Fl u
+flag unsets a variable.
+.Fl r
+indicates the variable is to be removed from the environment before starting a
+new process.
+.Fl h
+marks the variable as hidden.
+.Tg showenv
+.It Xo Ic show-environment
+.Op Fl hgs
+.Op Fl t Ar target-session
+.Op Ar variable
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic showenv
+Display the environment for
+.Ar target-session
+or the global environment with
+.Fl g .
+If
+.Ar variable
+is omitted, all variables are shown.
+Variables removed from the environment are prefixed with
+.Ql - .
+If
+.Fl s
+is used, the output is formatted as a set of Bourne shell commands.
+.Fl h
+shows hidden variables (omitted by default).
+.El
+.Sh STATUS LINE
+.Nm
+includes an optional status line which is displayed in the bottom line of each
+terminal.
+.Pp
+By default, the status line is enabled and one line in height (it may be
+disabled or made multiple lines with the
+.Ic status
+session option) and contains, from left-to-right: the name of the current
+session in square brackets; the window list; the title of the active pane
+in double quotes; and the time and date.
+.Pp
+Each line of the status line is configured with the
+.Ic status-format
+option.
+The default is made of three parts: configurable left and right sections (which
+may contain dynamic content such as the time or output from a shell command,
+see the
+.Ic status-left ,
+.Ic status-left-length ,
+.Ic status-right ,
+and
+.Ic status-right-length
+options below), and a central window list.
+By default, the window list shows the index, name and (if any) flag of the
+windows present in the current session in ascending numerical order.
+It may be customised with the
+.Ar window-status-format
+and
+.Ar window-status-current-format
+options.
+The flag is one of the following symbols appended to the window name:
+.Bl -column "Symbol" "Meaning" -offset indent
+.It Sy "Symbol" Ta Sy "Meaning"
+.It Li "*" Ta "Denotes the current window."
+.It Li "-" Ta "Marks the last window (previously selected)."
+.It Li "#" Ta "Window activity is monitored and activity has been detected."
+.It Li "\&!" Ta "Window bells are monitored and a bell has occurred in the window."
+.It Li "~" Ta "The window has been silent for the monitor-silence interval."
+.It Li "M" Ta "The window contains the marked pane."
+.It Li "Z" Ta "The window's active pane is zoomed."
+.El
+.Pp
+The # symbol relates to the
+.Ic monitor-activity
+window option.
+The window name is printed in inverted colours if an alert (bell, activity or
+silence) is present.
+.Pp
+The colour and attributes of the status line may be configured, the entire
+status line using the
+.Ic status-style
+session option and individual windows using the
+.Ic window-status-style
+window option.
+.Pp
+The status line is automatically refreshed at interval if it has changed, the
+interval may be controlled with the
+.Ic status-interval
+session option.
+.Pp
+Commands related to the status line are as follows:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.Tg clearphist
+.It Xo Ic clear-prompt-history
+.Op Fl T Ar prompt-type
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic clearphist
+Clear status prompt history for prompt type
+.Ar prompt-type .
+If
+.Fl T
+is omitted, then clear history for all types.
+See
+.Ic command-prompt
+for possible values for
+.Ar prompt-type .
+.It Xo Ic command-prompt
+.Op Fl 1bFikN
+.Op Fl I Ar inputs
+.Op Fl p Ar prompts
+.Op Fl t Ar target-client
+.Op Fl T Ar prompt-type
+.Op Ar template
+.Xc
+Open the command prompt in a client.
+This may be used from inside
+.Nm
+to execute commands interactively.
+.Pp
+If
+.Ar template
+is specified, it is used as the command.
+With
+.Fl F ,
+.Ar template
+is expanded as a format.
+.Pp
+If present,
+.Fl I
+is a comma-separated list of the initial text for each prompt.
+If
+.Fl p
+is given,
+.Ar prompts
+is a comma-separated list of prompts which are displayed in order; otherwise
+a single prompt is displayed, constructed from
+.Ar template
+if it is present, or
+.Ql \&:
+if not.
+.Pp
+Before the command is executed, the first occurrence of the string
+.Ql %%
+and all occurrences of
+.Ql %1
+are replaced by the response to the first prompt, all
+.Ql %2
+are replaced with the response to the second prompt, and so on for further
+prompts.
+Up to nine prompt responses may be replaced
+.Po
+.Ql %1
+to
+.Ql %9
+.Pc .
+.Ql %%%
+is like
+.Ql %%
+but any quotation marks are escaped.
+.Pp
+.Fl 1
+makes the prompt only accept one key press, in this case the resulting input
+is a single character.
+.Fl k
+is like
+.Fl 1
+but the key press is translated to a key name.
+.Fl N
+makes the prompt only accept numeric key presses.
+.Fl i
+executes the command every time the prompt input changes instead of when the
+user exits the command prompt.
+.Pp
+.Fl T
+tells
+.Nm
+the prompt type.
+This affects what completions are offered when
+.Em Tab
+is pressed.
+Available types are:
+.Ql command ,
+.Ql search ,
+.Ql target
+and
+.Ql window-target .
+.Pp
+The following keys have a special meaning in the command prompt, depending
+on the value of the
+.Ic status-keys
+option:
+.Bl -column "FunctionXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX" "viXXXX" "emacsX" -offset indent
+.It Sy "Function" Ta Sy "vi" Ta Sy "emacs"
+.It Li "Cancel command prompt" Ta "q" Ta "Escape"
+.It Li "Delete from cursor to start of word" Ta "" Ta "C-w"
+.It Li "Delete entire command" Ta "d" Ta "C-u"
+.It Li "Delete from cursor to end" Ta "D" Ta "C-k"
+.It Li "Execute command" Ta "Enter" Ta "Enter"
+.It Li "Get next command from history" Ta "" Ta "Down"
+.It Li "Get previous command from history" Ta "" Ta "Up"
+.It Li "Insert top paste buffer" Ta "p" Ta "C-y"
+.It Li "Look for completions" Ta "Tab" Ta "Tab"
+.It Li "Move cursor left" Ta "h" Ta "Left"
+.It Li "Move cursor right" Ta "l" Ta "Right"
+.It Li "Move cursor to end" Ta "$" Ta "C-e"
+.It Li "Move cursor to next word" Ta "w" Ta "M-f"
+.It Li "Move cursor to previous word" Ta "b" Ta "M-b"
+.It Li "Move cursor to start" Ta "0" Ta "C-a"
+.It Li "Transpose characters" Ta "" Ta "C-t"
+.El
+.Pp
+With
+.Fl b ,
+the prompt is shown in the background and the invoking client does not exit
+until it is dismissed.
+.Tg confirm
+.It Xo Ic confirm-before
+.Op Fl b
+.Op Fl p Ar prompt
+.Op Fl t Ar target-client
+.Ar command
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic confirm
+Ask for confirmation before executing
+.Ar command .
+If
+.Fl p
+is given,
+.Ar prompt
+is the prompt to display; otherwise a prompt is constructed from
+.Ar command .
+It may contain the special character sequences supported by the
+.Ic status-left
+option.
+With
+.Fl b ,
+the prompt is shown in the background and the invoking client does not exit
+until it is dismissed.
+.Tg menu
+.It Xo Ic display-menu
+.Op Fl O
+.Op Fl c Ar target-client
+.Op Fl t Ar target-pane
+.Op Fl T Ar title
+.Op Fl x Ar position
+.Op Fl y Ar position
+.Ar name
+.Ar key
+.Ar command
+.Ar ...
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic menu
+Display a menu on
+.Ar target-client .
+.Ar target-pane
+gives the target for any commands run from the menu.
+.Pp
+A menu is passed as a series of arguments: first the menu item name,
+second the key shortcut (or empty for none) and third the command
+to run when the menu item is chosen.
+The name and command are formats, see the
+.Sx FORMATS
+and
+.Sx STYLES
+sections.
+If the name begins with a hyphen (-), then the item is disabled (shown dim) and
+may not be chosen.
+The name may be empty for a separator line, in which case both the key and
+command should be omitted.
+.Pp
+.Fl T
+is a format for the menu title (see
+.Sx FORMATS ) .
+.Pp
+.Fl x
+and
+.Fl y
+give the position of the menu.
+Both may be a row or column number, or one of the following special values:
+.Bl -column "XXXXX" "XXXX" -offset indent
+.It Sy "Value" Ta Sy "Flag" Ta Sy "Meaning"
+.It Li "C" Ta "Both" Ta "The centre of the terminal"
+.It Li "R" Ta Fl x Ta "The right side of the terminal"
+.It Li "P" Ta "Both" Ta "The bottom left of the pane"
+.It Li "M" Ta "Both" Ta "The mouse position"
+.It Li "W" Ta "Both" Ta "The window position on the status line"
+.It Li "S" Ta Fl y Ta "The line above or below the status line"
+.El
+.Pp
+Or a format, which is expanded including the following additional variables:
+.Bl -column "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX" -offset indent
+.It Sy "Variable name" Ta Sy "Replaced with"
+.It Li "popup_centre_x" Ta "Centered in the client"
+.It Li "popup_centre_y" Ta "Centered in the client"
+.It Li "popup_height" Ta "Height of menu or popup"
+.It Li "popup_mouse_bottom" Ta "Bottom of at the mouse"
+.It Li "popup_mouse_centre_x" Ta "Horizontal centre at the mouse"
+.It Li "popup_mouse_centre_y" Ta "Vertical centre at the mouse"
+.It Li "popup_mouse_top" Ta "Top at the mouse"
+.It Li "popup_mouse_x" Ta "Mouse X position"
+.It Li "popup_mouse_y" Ta "Mouse Y position"
+.It Li "popup_pane_bottom" Ta "Bottom of the pane"
+.It Li "popup_pane_left" Ta "Left of the pane"
+.It Li "popup_pane_right" Ta "Right of the pane"
+.It Li "popup_pane_top" Ta "Top of the pane"
+.It Li "popup_status_line_y" Ta "Above or below the status line"
+.It Li "popup_width" Ta "Width of menu or popup"
+.It Li "popup_window_status_line_x" Ta "At the window position in status line"
+.It Li "popup_window_status_line_y" Ta "At the status line showing the window"
+.El
+.Pp
+Each menu consists of items followed by a key shortcut shown in brackets.
+If the menu is too large to fit on the terminal, it is not displayed.
+Pressing the key shortcut chooses the corresponding item.
+If the mouse is enabled and the menu is opened from a mouse key binding,
+releasing the mouse button with an item selected chooses that item and
+releasing the mouse button without an item selected closes the menu.
+.Fl O
+changes this behaviour so that the menu does not close when the mouse button is
+released without an item selected the menu is not closed and a mouse button
+must be clicked to choose an item.
+.Pp
+The following keys are also available:
+.Bl -column "Key" "Function" -offset indent
+.It Sy "Key" Ta Sy "Function"
+.It Li "Enter" Ta "Choose selected item"
+.It Li "Up" Ta "Select previous item"
+.It Li "Down" Ta "Select next item"
+.It Li "q" Ta "Exit menu"
+.El
+.Tg display
+.It Xo Ic display-message
+.Op Fl aINpv
+.Op Fl c Ar target-client
+.Op Fl d Ar delay
+.Op Fl t Ar target-pane
+.Op Ar message
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic display
+Display a message.
+If
+.Fl p
+is given, the output is printed to stdout, otherwise it is displayed in the
+.Ar target-client
+status line for up to
+.Ar delay
+milliseconds.
+If
+.Ar delay
+is not given, the
+.Ic display-time
+option is used; a delay of zero waits for a key press.
+.Ql N
+ignores key presses and closes only after the delay expires.
+The format of
+.Ar message
+is described in the
+.Sx FORMATS
+section; information is taken from
+.Ar target-pane
+if
+.Fl t
+is given, otherwise the active pane.
+.Pp
+.Fl v
+prints verbose logging as the format is parsed and
+.Fl a
+lists the format variables and their values.
+.Pp
+.Fl I
+forwards any input read from stdin to the empty pane given by
+.Ar target-pane .
+.Tg popup
+.It Xo Ic display-popup
+.Op Fl BCE
+.Op Fl b Ar border-lines
+.Op Fl c Ar target-client
+.Op Fl d Ar start-directory
+.Op Fl e Ar environment
+.Op Fl h Ar height
+.Op Fl s Ar style
+.Op Fl S Ar border-style
+.Op Fl t Ar target-pane
+.Op Fl T Ar title
+.Op Fl w Ar width
+.Op Fl x Ar position
+.Op Fl y Ar position
+.Op Ar shell-command
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic popup
+Display a popup running
+.Ar shell-command
+on
+.Ar target-client .
+A popup is a rectangular box drawn over the top of any panes.
+Panes are not updated while a popup is present.
+.Pp
+.Fl E
+closes the popup automatically when
+.Ar shell-command
+exits.
+Two
+.Fl E
+closes the popup only if
+.Ar shell-command
+exited with success.
+.Pp
+.Fl x
+and
+.Fl y
+give the position of the popup, they have the same meaning as for the
+.Ic display-menu
+command.
+.Fl w
+and
+.Fl h
+give the width and height - both may be a percentage (followed by
+.Ql % ) .
+If omitted, half of the terminal size is used.
+.Pp
+.Fl B
+does not surround the popup by a border.
+.Pp
+.Fl b
+sets the type of border line for the popup.
+When
+.Fl B
+is specified, the
+.Fl b
+option is ignored.
+See
+.Ic popup-border-lines
+for possible values for
+.Ar border-lines .
+.Pp
+.Fl s
+sets the style for the popup and
+.Fl S
+sets the style for the popup border.
+For how to specify
+.Ar style ,
+see the
+.Sx STYLES
+section.
+.Pp
+.Fl e
+takes the form
+.Ql VARIABLE=value
+and sets an environment variable for the popup; it may be specified multiple
+times.
+.Pp
+.Fl T
+is a format for the popup title (see
+.Sx FORMATS ) .
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl C
+flag closes any popup on the client.
+.Tg showphist
+.It Xo Ic show-prompt-history
+.Op Fl T Ar prompt-type
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic showphist
+Display status prompt history for prompt type
+.Ar prompt-type .
+If
+.Fl T
+is omitted, then show history for all types.
+See
+.Ic command-prompt
+for possible values for
+.Ar prompt-type .
+.El
+.Sh BUFFERS
+.Nm
+maintains a set of named
+.Em paste buffers .
+Each buffer may be either explicitly or automatically named.
+Explicitly named buffers are named when created with the
+.Ic set-buffer
+or
+.Ic load-buffer
+commands, or by renaming an automatically named buffer with
+.Ic set-buffer
+.Fl n .
+Automatically named buffers are given a name such as
+.Ql buffer0001 ,
+.Ql buffer0002
+and so on.
+When the
+.Ic buffer-limit
+option is reached, the oldest automatically named buffer is deleted.
+Explicitly named buffers are not subject to
+.Ic buffer-limit
+and may be deleted with the
+.Ic delete-buffer
+command.
+.Pp
+Buffers may be added using
+.Ic copy-mode
+or the
+.Ic set-buffer
+and
+.Ic load-buffer
+commands, and pasted into a window using the
+.Ic paste-buffer
+command.
+If a buffer command is used and no buffer is specified, the most
+recently added automatically named buffer is assumed.
+.Pp
+A configurable history buffer is also maintained for each window.
+By default, up to 2000 lines are kept; this can be altered with the
+.Ic history-limit
+option (see the
+.Ic set-option
+command above).
+.Pp
+The buffer commands are as follows:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Xo
+.Ic choose-buffer
+.Op Fl NZr
+.Op Fl F Ar format
+.Op Fl f Ar filter
+.Op Fl K Ar key-format
+.Op Fl O Ar sort-order
+.Op Fl t Ar target-pane
+.Op Ar template
+.Xc
+Put a pane into buffer mode, where a buffer may be chosen interactively from
+a list.
+Each buffer is shown on one line.
+A shortcut key is shown on the left in brackets allowing for immediate choice,
+or the list may be navigated and an item chosen or otherwise manipulated using
+the keys below.
+.Fl Z
+zooms the pane.
+The following keys may be used in buffer mode:
+.Bl -column "Key" "Function" -offset indent
+.It Sy "Key" Ta Sy "Function"
+.It Li "Enter" Ta "Paste selected buffer"
+.It Li "Up" Ta "Select previous buffer"
+.It Li "Down" Ta "Select next buffer"
+.It Li "C-s" Ta "Search by name or content"
+.It Li "n" Ta "Repeat last search"
+.It Li "t" Ta "Toggle if buffer is tagged"
+.It Li "T" Ta "Tag no buffers"
+.It Li "C-t" Ta "Tag all buffers"
+.It Li "p" Ta "Paste selected buffer"
+.It Li "P" Ta "Paste tagged buffers"
+.It Li "d" Ta "Delete selected buffer"
+.It Li "D" Ta "Delete tagged buffers"
+.It Li "e" Ta "Open the buffer in an editor"
+.It Li "f" Ta "Enter a format to filter items"
+.It Li "O" Ta "Change sort field"
+.It Li "r" Ta "Reverse sort order"
+.It Li "v" Ta "Toggle preview"
+.It Li "q" Ta "Exit mode"
+.El
+.Pp
+After a buffer is chosen,
+.Ql %%
+is replaced by the buffer name in
+.Ar template
+and the result executed as a command.
+If
+.Ar template
+is not given, "paste-buffer -b '%%'" is used.
+.Pp
+.Fl O
+specifies the initial sort field: one of
+.Ql time ,
+.Ql name
+or
+.Ql size .
+.Fl r
+reverses the sort order.
+.Fl f
+specifies an initial filter: the filter is a format - if it evaluates to zero,
+the item in the list is not shown, otherwise it is shown.
+If a filter would lead to an empty list, it is ignored.
+.Fl F
+specifies the format for each item in the list and
+.Fl K
+a format for each shortcut key; both are evaluated once for each line.
+.Fl N
+starts without the preview.
+This command works only if at least one client is attached.
+.Tg clearhist
+.It Ic clear-history Op Fl t Ar target-pane
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic clearhist
+Remove and free the history for the specified pane.
+.Tg deleteb
+.It Ic delete-buffer Op Fl b Ar buffer-name
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic deleteb
+Delete the buffer named
+.Ar buffer-name ,
+or the most recently added automatically named buffer if not specified.
+.Tg lsb
+.It Xo Ic list-buffers
+.Op Fl F Ar format
+.Op Fl f Ar filter
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic lsb
+List the global buffers.
+.Fl F
+specifies the format of each line and
+.Fl f
+a filter.
+Only buffers for which the filter is true are shown.
+See the
+.Sx FORMATS
+section.
+.It Xo Ic load-buffer
+.Op Fl w
+.Op Fl b Ar buffer-name
+.Op Fl t Ar target-client
+.Ar path
+.Xc
+.Tg loadb
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic loadb
+Load the contents of the specified paste buffer from
+.Ar path .
+If
+.Fl w
+is given, the buffer is also sent to the clipboard for
+.Ar target-client
+using the
+.Xr xterm 1
+escape sequence, if possible.
+.Tg pasteb
+.It Xo Ic paste-buffer
+.Op Fl dpr
+.Op Fl b Ar buffer-name
+.Op Fl s Ar separator
+.Op Fl t Ar target-pane
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic pasteb
+Insert the contents of a paste buffer into the specified pane.
+If not specified, paste into the current one.
+With
+.Fl d ,
+also delete the paste buffer.
+When output, any linefeed (LF) characters in the paste buffer are replaced with
+a separator, by default carriage return (CR).
+A custom separator may be specified using the
+.Fl s
+flag.
+The
+.Fl r
+flag means to do no replacement (equivalent to a separator of LF).
+If
+.Fl p
+is specified, paste bracket control codes are inserted around the
+buffer if the application has requested bracketed paste mode.
+.Tg saveb
+.It Xo Ic save-buffer
+.Op Fl a
+.Op Fl b Ar buffer-name
+.Ar path
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic saveb
+Save the contents of the specified paste buffer to
+.Ar path .
+The
+.Fl a
+option appends to rather than overwriting the file.
+.It Xo Ic set-buffer
+.Op Fl aw
+.Op Fl b Ar buffer-name
+.Op Fl t Ar target-client
+.Tg setb
+.Op Fl n Ar new-buffer-name
+.Ar data
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic setb
+Set the contents of the specified buffer to
+.Ar data .
+If
+.Fl w
+is given, the buffer is also sent to the clipboard for
+.Ar target-client
+using the
+.Xr xterm 1
+escape sequence, if possible.
+The
+.Fl a
+option appends to rather than overwriting the buffer.
+The
+.Fl n
+option renames the buffer to
+.Ar new-buffer-name .
+.Tg showb
+.It Xo Ic show-buffer
+.Op Fl b Ar buffer-name
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic showb
+Display the contents of the specified buffer.
+.El
+.Sh MISCELLANEOUS
+Miscellaneous commands are as follows:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic clock-mode Op Fl t Ar target-pane
+Display a large clock.
+.Tg if
+.It Xo Ic if-shell
+.Op Fl bF
+.Op Fl t Ar target-pane
+.Ar shell-command command
+.Op Ar command
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic if
+Execute the first
+.Ar command
+if
+.Ar shell-command
+(run with
+.Pa /bin/sh )
+returns success or the second
+.Ar command
+otherwise.
+Before being executed,
+.Ar shell-command
+is expanded using the rules specified in the
+.Sx FORMATS
+section, including those relevant to
+.Ar target-pane .
+With
+.Fl b ,
+.Ar shell-command
+is run in the background.
+.Pp
+If
+.Fl F
+is given,
+.Ar shell-command
+is not executed but considered success if neither empty nor zero (after formats
+are expanded).
+.Tg lock
+.It Ic lock-server
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic lock
+Lock each client individually by running the command specified by the
+.Ic lock-command
+option.
+.Tg run
+.It Xo Ic run-shell
+.Op Fl bC
+.Op Fl d Ar delay
+.Op Fl t Ar target-pane
+.Op Ar shell-command
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic run
+Execute
+.Ar shell-command
+using
+.Pa /bin/sh
+or (with
+.Fl C )
+a
+.Nm
+command in the background without creating a window.
+Before being executed,
+.Ar shell-command
+is expanded using the rules specified in the
+.Sx FORMATS
+section.
+With
+.Fl b ,
+the command is run in the background.
+.Fl d
+waits for
+.Ar delay
+seconds before starting the command.
+If
+.Fl C
+is not given, any output to stdout is displayed in view mode (in the pane
+specified by
+.Fl t
+or the current pane if omitted) after the command finishes.
+If the command fails, the exit status is also displayed.
+.Tg wait
+.It Xo Ic wait-for
+.Op Fl L | S | U
+.Ar channel
+.Xc
+.D1 Pq alias: Ic wait
+When used without options, prevents the client from exiting until woken using
+.Ic wait-for
+.Fl S
+with the same channel.
+When
+.Fl L
+is used, the channel is locked and any clients that try to lock the same
+channel are made to wait until the channel is unlocked with
+.Ic wait-for
+.Fl U .
+.El
+.Sh EXIT MESSAGES
+When a
+.Nm
+client detaches, it prints a message.
+This may be one of:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It detached (from session ...)
+The client was detached normally.
+.It detached and SIGHUP
+The client was detached and its parent sent the
+.Dv SIGHUP
+signal (for example with
+.Ic detach-client
+.Fl P ) .
+.It lost tty
+The client's
+.Xr tty 4
+or
+.Xr pty 4
+was unexpectedly destroyed.
+.It terminated
+The client was killed with
+.Dv SIGTERM .
+.It too far behind
+The client is in control mode and became unable to keep up with the data from
+.Nm .
+.It exited
+The server exited when it had no sessions.
+.It server exited
+The server exited when it received
+.Dv SIGTERM .
+.It server exited unexpectedly
+The server crashed or otherwise exited without telling the client the reason.
+.El
+.Sh TERMINFO EXTENSIONS
+.Nm
+understands some unofficial extensions to
+.Xr terminfo 5 .
+It is not normally necessary to set these manually, instead the
+.Ic terminal-features
+option should be used.
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Em \&AX
+An existing extension that tells
+.Nm
+the terminal supports default colours.
+.It Em \&Bidi
+Tell
+.Nm
+that the terminal supports the VTE bidirectional text extensions.
+.It Em \&Cs , Cr
+Set the cursor colour.
+The first takes a single string argument and is used to set the colour;
+the second takes no arguments and restores the default cursor colour.
+If set, a sequence such as this may be used
+to change the cursor colour from inside
+.Nm :
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+$ printf '\e033]12;red\e033\e\e'
+.Ed
+.Pp
+The colour is an
+.Xr X 7
+colour, see
+.Xr XParseColor 3 .
+.It Em \&Cmg, \&Clmg, \&Dsmg , \&Enmg
+Set, clear, disable or enable DECSLRM margins.
+These are set automatically if the terminal reports it is
+.Em VT420
+compatible.
+.It Em \&Dsbp , \&Enbp
+Disable and enable bracketed paste.
+These are set automatically if the
+.Em XT
+capability is present.
+.It Em \&Dseks , \&Eneks
+Disable and enable extended keys.
+.It Em \&Dsfcs , \&Enfcs
+Disable and enable focus reporting.
+These are set automatically if the
+.Em XT
+capability is present.
+.It Em \&Rect
+Tell
+.Nm
+that the terminal supports rectangle operations.
+.It Em \&Smol
+Enable the overline attribute.
+.It Em \&Smulx
+Set a styled underscore.
+The single parameter is one of: 0 for no underscore, 1 for normal
+underscore, 2 for double underscore, 3 for curly underscore, 4 for dotted
+underscore and 5 for dashed underscore.
+.It Em \&Setulc , \&ol
+Set the underscore colour or reset to the default.
+The argument is (red * 65536) + (green * 256) + blue where each is between 0
+and 255.
+.It Em \&Ss , Se
+Set or reset the cursor style.
+If set, a sequence such as this may be used
+to change the cursor to an underline:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+$ printf '\e033[4 q'
+.Ed
+.Pp
+If
+.Em Se
+is not set, \&Ss with argument 0 will be used to reset the cursor style instead.
+.It Em \&Swd
+Set the opening sequence for the working directory notification.
+The sequence is terminated using the standard
+.Em fsl
+capability.
+.It Em \&Sync
+Start (parameter is 1) or end (parameter is 2) a synchronized update.
+.It Em \&Tc
+Indicate that the terminal supports the
+.Ql direct colour
+RGB escape sequence (for example, \ee[38;2;255;255;255m).
+.Pp
+If supported, this is used for the initialize colour escape sequence (which
+may be enabled by adding the
+.Ql initc
+and
+.Ql ccc
+capabilities to the
+.Nm
+.Xr terminfo 5
+entry).
+.Pp
+This is equivalent to the
+.Em RGB
+.Xr terminfo 5
+capability.
+.It Em \&Ms
+Store the current buffer in the host terminal's selection (clipboard).
+See the
+.Em set-clipboard
+option above and the
+.Xr xterm 1
+man page.
+.It Em \&XT
+This is an existing extension capability that tmux uses to mean that the
+terminal supports the
+.Xr xterm 1
+title set sequences and to automatically set some of the capabilities above.
+.El
+.Sh CONTROL MODE
+.Nm
+offers a textual interface called
+.Em control mode .
+This allows applications to communicate with
+.Nm
+using a simple text-only protocol.
+.Pp
+In control mode, a client sends
+.Nm
+commands or command sequences terminated by newlines on standard input.
+Each command will produce one block of output on standard output.
+An output block consists of a
+.Em %begin
+line followed by the output (which may be empty).
+The output block ends with a
+.Em %end
+or
+.Em %error .
+.Em %begin
+and matching
+.Em %end
+or
+.Em %error
+have three arguments: an integer time (as seconds from epoch), command number and
+flags (currently not used).
+For example:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+%begin 1363006971 2 1
+0: ksh* (1 panes) [80x24] [layout b25f,80x24,0,0,2] @2 (active)
+%end 1363006971 2 1
+.Ed
+.Pp
+The
+.Ic refresh-client
+.Fl C
+command may be used to set the size of a client in control mode.
+.Pp
+In control mode,
+.Nm
+outputs notifications.
+A notification will never occur inside an output block.
+.Pp
+The following notifications are defined:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic %client-detached Ar client
+The client has detached.
+.It Ic %client-session-changed Ar client session-id name
+The client is now attached to the session with ID
+.Ar session-id ,
+which is named
+.Ar name .
+.It Ic %continue Ar pane-id
+The pane has been continued after being paused (if the
+.Ar pause-after
+flag is set, see
+.Ic refresh-client
+.Fl A ) .
+.It Ic %exit Op Ar reason
+The
+.Nm
+client is exiting immediately, either because it is not attached to any session
+or an error occurred.
+If present,
+.Ar reason
+describes why the client exited.
+.It Ic %extended-output Ar pane-id Ar age Ar ... \&  : Ar value
+New form of
+.Ic %output
+sent when the
+.Ar pause-after
+flag is set.
+.Ar age
+is the time in milliseconds for which tmux had buffered the output before it was sent.
+Any subsequent arguments up until a single
+.Ql \&:
+are for future use and should be ignored.
+.It Ic %layout-change Ar window-id Ar window-layout Ar window-visible-layout Ar window-flags
+The layout of a window with ID
+.Ar window-id
+changed.
+The new layout is
+.Ar window-layout .
+The window's visible layout is
+.Ar window-visible-layout
+and the window flags are
+.Ar window-flags .
+.It Ic %output Ar pane-id Ar value
+A window pane produced output.
+.Ar value
+escapes non-printable characters and backslash as octal \\xxx.
+.It Ic %pane-mode-changed Ar pane-id
+The pane with ID
+.Ar pane-id
+has changed mode.
+.It Ic %pause Ar pane-id
+The pane has been paused (if the
+.Ar pause-after
+flag is set).
+.It Ic %session-changed Ar session-id Ar name
+The client is now attached to the session with ID
+.Ar session-id ,
+which is named
+.Ar name .
+.It Ic %session-renamed Ar name
+The current session was renamed to
+.Ar name .
+.It Ic %session-window-changed Ar session-id Ar window-id
+The session with ID
+.Ar session-id
+changed its active window to the window with ID
+.Ar window-id .
+.It Ic %sessions-changed
+A session was created or destroyed.
+.It Xo Ic %subscription-changed
+.Ar name
+.Ar session-id
+.Ar window-id
+.Ar window-index
+.Ar pane-id ... \&  :
+.Ar value
+.Xc
+The value of the format associated with subscription
+.Ar name
+has changed to
+.Ar value .
+See
+.Ic refresh-client
+.Fl B .
+Any arguments after
+.Ar pane-id
+up until a single
+.Ql \&:
+are for future use and should be ignored.
+.It Ic %unlinked-window-add Ar window-id
+The window with ID
+.Ar window-id
+was created but is not linked to the current session.
+.It Ic %unlinked-window-close Ar window-id
+The window with ID
+.Ar window-id ,
+which is not linked to the current session, was closed.
+.It Ic %unlinked-window-renamed Ar window-id
+The window with ID
+.Ar window-id ,
+which is not linked to the current session, was renamed.
+.It Ic %window-add Ar window-id
+The window with ID
+.Ar window-id
+was linked to the current session.
+.It Ic %window-close Ar window-id
+The window with ID
+.Ar window-id
+closed.
+.It Ic %window-pane-changed Ar window-id Ar pane-id
+The active pane in the window with ID
+.Ar window-id
+changed to the pane with ID
+.Ar pane-id .
+.It Ic %window-renamed Ar window-id Ar name
+The window with ID
+.Ar window-id
+was renamed to
+.Ar name .
+.El
+.Sh ENVIRONMENT
+When
+.Nm
+is started, it inspects the following environment variables:
+.Bl -tag -width LC_CTYPE
+.It Ev EDITOR
+If the command specified in this variable contains the string
+.Ql vi
+and
+.Ev VISUAL
+is unset, use vi-style key bindings.
+Overridden by the
+.Ic mode-keys
+and
+.Ic status-keys
+options.
+.It Ev HOME
+The user's login directory.
+If unset, the
+.Xr passwd 5
+database is consulted.
+.It Ev LC_CTYPE
+The character encoding
+.Xr locale 1 .
+It is used for two separate purposes.
+For output to the terminal, UTF-8 is used if the
+.Fl u
+option is given or if
+.Ev LC_CTYPE
+contains
+.Qq UTF-8
+or
+.Qq UTF8 .
+Otherwise, only ASCII characters are written and non-ASCII characters
+are replaced with underscores
+.Pq Ql _ .
+For input,
+.Nm
+always runs with a UTF-8 locale.
+If en_US.UTF-8 is provided by the operating system, it is used and
+.Ev LC_CTYPE
+is ignored for input.
+Otherwise,
+.Ev LC_CTYPE
+tells
+.Nm
+what the UTF-8 locale is called on the current system.
+If the locale specified by
+.Ev LC_CTYPE
+is not available or is not a UTF-8 locale,
+.Nm
+exits with an error message.
+.It Ev LC_TIME
+The date and time format
+.Xr locale 1 .
+It is used for locale-dependent
+.Xr strftime 3
+format specifiers.
+.It Ev PWD
+The current working directory to be set in the global environment.
+This may be useful if it contains symbolic links.
+If the value of the variable does not match the current working
+directory, the variable is ignored and the result of
+.Xr getcwd 3
+is used instead.
+.It Ev SHELL
+The absolute path to the default shell for new windows.
+See the
+.Ic default-shell
+option for details.
+.It Ev TMUX_TMPDIR
+The parent directory of the directory containing the server sockets.
+See the
+.Fl L
+option for details.
+.It Ev VISUAL
+If the command specified in this variable contains the string
+.Ql vi ,
+use vi-style key bindings.
+Overridden by the
+.Ic mode-keys
+and
+.Ic status-keys
+options.
+.El
+.Sh FILES
+.Bl -tag -width "@SYSCONFDIR@/tmux.confXXX" -compact
+.It Pa ~/.tmux.conf
+.It Pa $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/tmux/tmux.conf
+.It Pa ~/.config/tmux/tmux.conf
+Default
+.Nm
+configuration file.
+.It Pa @SYSCONFDIR@/tmux.conf
+System-wide configuration file.
+.El
+.Sh EXAMPLES
+To create a new
+.Nm
+session running
+.Xr vi 1 :
+.Pp
+.Dl $ tmux new-session vi
+.Pp
+Most commands have a shorter form, known as an alias.
+For new-session, this is
+.Ic new :
+.Pp
+.Dl $ tmux new vi
+.Pp
+Alternatively, the shortest unambiguous form of a command is accepted.
+If there are several options, they are listed:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+$ tmux n
+ambiguous command: n, could be: new-session, new-window, next-window
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Within an active session, a new window may be created by typing
+.Ql C-b c
+(Ctrl
+followed by the
+.Ql b
+key
+followed by the
+.Ql c
+key).
+.Pp
+Windows may be navigated with:
+.Ql C-b 0
+(to select window 0),
+.Ql C-b 1
+(to select window 1), and so on;
+.Ql C-b n
+to select the next window; and
+.Ql C-b p
+to select the previous window.
+.Pp
+A session may be detached using
+.Ql C-b d
+(or by an external event such as
+.Xr ssh 1
+disconnection) and reattached with:
+.Pp
+.Dl $ tmux attach-session
+.Pp
+Typing
+.Ql C-b \&?
+lists the current key bindings in the current window; up and down may be used
+to navigate the list or
+.Ql q
+to exit from it.
+.Pp
+Commands to be run when the
+.Nm
+server is started may be placed in the
+.Pa ~/.tmux.conf
+configuration file.
+Common examples include:
+.Pp
+Changing the default prefix key:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+set-option -g prefix C-a
+unbind-key C-b
+bind-key C-a send-prefix
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Turning the status line off, or changing its colour:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+set-option -g status off
+set-option -g status-style bg=blue
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Setting other options, such as the default command,
+or locking after 30 minutes of inactivity:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+set-option -g default-command "exec /bin/ksh"
+set-option -g lock-after-time 1800
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Creating new key bindings:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+bind-key b set-option status
+bind-key / command-prompt "split-window 'exec man %%'"
+bind-key S command-prompt "new-window -n %1 'ssh %1'"
+.Ed
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr pty 4
+.Sh AUTHORS
+.An Nicholas Marriott Aq Mt nicholas.marriott@gmail.com