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+# tzdb data for Africa and environs
+
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
+# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
+# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-27):
+#
+# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
+# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
+# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
+#
+# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
+# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
+# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
+# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
+# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
+# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
+#
+# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
+# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
+# I found in the UCLA library.
+#
+# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
+# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
+# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
+#
+# For the 1911/1912 establishment of standard time in French possessions, see:
+# Société Française de Physique, Recueil de constantes physiques (1913),
+# page 752, 18b.
+#
+# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean.
+# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized.
+# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
+# for UT +00 through +03, respectively,
+# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that
+# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa,
+# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and
+# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for
+# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
+#
+# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency:
+# +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
+# +02 CAT Central Africa Time
+# +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time
+# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation:
+# +01 WAT West Africa Time
+# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like.
+# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but
+# cannot now come up with solid citations.
+#
+# I invented the following abbreviations in the 1990s:
+# +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time
+# +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time
+# +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time
+# +03 EAT East Africa Time
+# 'EAT' seems to have caught on and is in current timestamps, and though
+# the other abbreviations are rarer and are only in past timestamps,
+# they are paired with better-attested non-DST abbreviations.
+# Corrections are welcome.
+
+# Algeria
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -
+Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
+Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 -
+Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
+Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 -
+Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
+# See Europe/Paris for PMT-related transitions.
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 16
+ 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
+ 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00
+ 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7
+ 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29
+ 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14
+ 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21
+ 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26
+ 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May
+ 1:00 - CET
+
+# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16):
+# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02.
+# For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
+# (see Europe/Lisbon).
+#
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1912 Jan 01 2:00u # Praia
+ -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep
+ -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15
+ -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00
+ -1:00 - -01
+
+# Chad
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # N'Djamena
+ 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
+ 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
+ 1:00 - WAT
+
+# Burkina Faso
+# Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
+# The Gambia
+# Ghana
+# Guinea
+# Iceland
+# Mali
+# Mauritania
+# St Helena
+# Senegal
+# Sierra Leone
+# Togo
+
+# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
+# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
+# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
+# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
+# on GMT, says the CIA
+# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
+
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
+ 0:00 - GMT
+
+###############################################################################
+
+# Egypt
+
+# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
+# observatory. Milne also says that the official time for
+# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
+# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
+# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
+# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
+# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
+# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
+# Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
+#
+# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
+# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
+# or
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
+Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
+# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
+# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
+# after observing the daylight saving time since May.
+# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
+Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
+# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
+# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
+# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
+# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
+# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
+# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
+Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 -
+# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
+# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
+# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
+# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
+# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
+# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
+# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
+# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
+# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
+
+# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
+# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
+#
+# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
+# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
+# Apr 23
+# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
+# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
+# Apr 24
+# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
+# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
+# Aug 27
+# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
+# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
+# Aug 27
+# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
+#
+# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
+# :59)
+# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
+#
+# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
+#
+# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
+# [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
+# [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
+# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
+# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
+# in September.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
+# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
+# Information and Decision Support Center:
+# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
+#
+# The Middle East News Agency
+# https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
+# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
+# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
+# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
+# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
+# (at least today).
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
+# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
+# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
+# Ramadan.
+#
+# Arabic translation:
+# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"
+# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
+
+# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
+# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
+# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx
+
+# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13):
+# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
+
+# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
+# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
+# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
+# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
+# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
+# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
+# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
+# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
+# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
+# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been
+# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
+# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08):
+# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015.
+# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last
+# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but
+# dates not yet announced....
+# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ...
+# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html
+
+# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20):
+# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at
+# least for 2015.
+#
+# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20):
+# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx
+# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving
+# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the
+# practice altogether in future years."
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24):
+# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his
+# decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24.
+# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29):
+# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October....
+# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx
+# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04):
+# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST,
+
+# From Ahmad ElDardiry (2023-03-01):
+# Egypt officially announced today that daylight savings will be
+# applied from last Friday of April to last Thursday of October.
+# From Paul Eggert (2023-03-01):
+# Assume transitions are at 00:00 and 24:00 respectively.
+# From Amir Adib (2023-03-07):
+# https://www.facebook.com/EgyptianCabinet/posts/638829614954129/
+
+Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 2023 max - Apr lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 2023 max - Oct lastThu 24:00 0 -
+
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ #STDOFF 2:05:08.9
+Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct
+ 2:00 Egypt EE%sT
+
+# Guinea-Bissau
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16):
+# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
+# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
+# (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect.
+#
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u
+ -1:00 - -01 1975
+ 0:00 - GMT
+
+# Comoros
+# Djibouti
+# Eritrea
+# Ethiopia
+# Kenya
+# Madagascar
+# Mayotte
+# Somalia
+# Tanzania
+# Uganda
+
+# From P Chan (2020-10-24):
+#
+# The standard time of GMT+2:30 was adopted in the East Africa Protectorate....
+# [The Official Gazette, 1908-05-01, p 274]
+# https://books.google.com/books?id=e-cAC-sjPSEC&pg=PA274
+#
+# At midnight on 30 June 1928 the clocks throughout Kenya was put forward
+# half an hour by the Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1928.
+# https://gazettes.africa/archive/ke/1928/ke-government-gazette-dated-1928-05-11-no-28.pdf
+# [Ordinance No. 11 of 1928, The Official Gazette, 1928-06-26, p 813]
+# https://books.google.com/books?id=2S0S6os32ZUC&pg=PA813
+#
+# The 1928 ordinance was repealed by the Alteration of Time (repeal) Ordinance,
+# 1929 and the time was restored to GMT+2:30 at midnight on 4 January 1930.
+# [Ordinance No. 97 of 1929, The Official Gazette, 1929-12-31, p 2701]
+# https://books.google.com/books?id=_g18jIZQlwwC&pg=PA2701
+#
+# The Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1936 changed the time to GMT+2:45
+# and repealed the previous ordinance at midnight on 31 December 1936.
+# [The Official Gazette, 1936-07-21, p 705]
+# https://books.google.com/books?id=K7j41z0aC5wC&pg=PA705
+#
+# The Defence (Amendment of Laws No. 120) Regulations changed the time
+# to GMT+3 at midnight on 31 July 1942.
+# [Kenya Official Gazette Supplement No. 32, 1942-07-21, p 331]
+# https://books.google.com/books?hl=zh-TW&id=c_E-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA331
+# The provision of the 1936 ordinance was not repealed and was later
+# incorporated in the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance in 1948.
+# Although it was overridden by the 1942 regulations.
+# [The Laws of Kenya in force on 1948-09-21, Title I, Chapter 1, 31]
+# https://dds.crl.edu/item/217517 (p.101)
+# In 1950 the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance was amended to adopt
+# GMT+3 permanently as the 1942 regulations were due to expire on 10 December.
+# https://books.google.com/books?id=jvR8mUDAwR0C&pg=PA787
+# [Ordinance No. 44 of 1950, Kenya Ordinances 1950, Vol. XXIX, p 294]
+# https://books.google.com/books?id=-_dQAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA294
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2020-10-24):
+# The 1908-05-01 announcement does not give an effective date,
+# so just say "1908 May".
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2018-09-11):
+# Unfortunately tzdb records only Western clock time in use in Ethiopia,
+# as the tzdb format is not up to properly recording a common Ethiopian
+# timekeeping practice that is based on solar time. See:
+# Mortada D. If you have a meeting in Ethiopia, you'd better double
+# check the time. PRI's The World. 2015-01-30 15:15 -05.
+# https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time
+
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1908 May
+ 2:30 - +0230 1928 Jun 30 24:00
+ 3:00 - EAT 1930 Jan 4 24:00
+ 2:30 - +0230 1936 Dec 31 24:00
+ 2:45 - +0245 1942 Jul 31 24:00
+ 3:00 - EAT
+
+# Liberia
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02):
+#
+# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30.
+#
+# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset
+# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on
+# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of:
+# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of
+# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972.
+# Monrovia: Executive Mansion.
+#
+# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more accurate numeric
+# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit.
+#
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
+ -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
+ -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT
+ 0:00 - GMT
+
+###############################################################################
+
+# Libya
+
+# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
+# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
+# https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
+# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
+#
+# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
+# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
+#
+# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
+# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
+# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
+# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
+# lastFri instead of lastSun).
+
+# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):
+# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was
+# cancelled yesterday....
+# https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
+# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
+Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
+Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 -
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
+ 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
+ 2:00 - EET 1982
+ 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4
+# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
+# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors.
+ 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30
+ 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4
+ 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00
+ 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00
+ 2:00 - EET
+
+# Mauritius
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
+# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
+# basis....
+# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
+# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
+# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
+
+# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
+# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
+# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
+# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
+# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
+# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
+# According to
+# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
+# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
+# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start
+# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
+# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
+#
+# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
+# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
+# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
+# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
+# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
+# changes two days later.
+
+# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
+# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
+# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
+# published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
+#
+# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
+# de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
+# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one....
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
+
+# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
+# The Government of Mauritius weblink
+# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
+# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
+#
+# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
+# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
+# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
+# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
+# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
+# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
+# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
+# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
+# and end on 29 March 2009.
+
+# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
+# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
+# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
+# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
+# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
+# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
+# DST the coming summer...
+#
+# Some sources, in French:
+# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-«-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99été-ne-sera-pas-appliquée-cette-année-»
+# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-économie-d-énergie-de-l-heure-d-été-ont-été-atteints-
+#
+# Our wrap-up:
+# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
+# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
+# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
+# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 -
+Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
+Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
+Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
+ 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05
+# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
+# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
+
+
+# Morocco
+# See Africa/Ceuta for Spanish Morocco.
+
+# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
+# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
+# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
+#
+# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
+# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
+# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
+#
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
+# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
+
+# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
+# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe
+# Presse:
+# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
+#
+# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
+# spokesman.
+
+# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
+# According to this article:
+# https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
+# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>)
+# the changes occur at midnight:
+#
+# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
+# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
+# Sunday night the 28th at midnight
+#
+# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
+# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and
+# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
+# June 1st to Sept 27th.
+#
+# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
+# published on the web.
+#
+# It's also confirmed here:
+# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
+# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
+# posted in English).
+#
+# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
+# https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
+# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
+# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
+# of September:
+#
+# One article about it (in French):
+# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
+#
+# We have some further details posted here:
+# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
+# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
+# to many sources, such as
+# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
+# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
+# (French)
+#
+# Our summary:
+# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
+# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
+# Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
+#
+# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967)
+# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
+# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
+# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
+#
+# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
+# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
+# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
+# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
+#
+# Example:
+# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
+# (French)
+# Our page:
+# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
+
+# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
+# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
+# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00
+# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00
+# ...Official links of change in morocco
+# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
+# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
+# +212.537.71.84.00
+# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
+# They said that
+# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
+# is the official publication to look at.
+# They said that the decision was already taken.
+#
+# More articles in the press
+# https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
+# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
+# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT+1-a-partir-de-dim
+
+# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
+# They have it written in English here:
+# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
+#
+# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
+# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
+# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
+# also been like that in the past.
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
+# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
+# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
+# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
+# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-légale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-dété
+# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
+# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
+# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
+# except the month of Ramadan.
+# or (brief)
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
+# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
+# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
+# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
+# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
+# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
+
+# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
+# Seen Morocco change again:
+# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
+# "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars,
+# comme annoncé précédemment."
+
+# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
+# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
+# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
+#
+# Google translation, lightly edited:
+# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
+# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
+# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
+# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
+# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
+# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
+# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
+# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
+# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
+# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
+# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
+# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
+# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
+# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288
+
+# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
+# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
+# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
+# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):
+# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day
+# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for
+# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00
+# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official
+# source (French):
+# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013
+# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):
+# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html
+
+# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):
+# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp
+
+# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05):
+# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return
+# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST
+# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014....
+# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586
+
+# From Milamber (2015-06-08):
+# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes
+# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding
+# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19,
+# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I
+# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of
+# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015).
+# Source (french):
+# https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/
+#
+# From Milamber (2015-06-09):
+# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863
+#
+# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09):
+# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go
+# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch....
+# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in
+# <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees
+# with the patch.
+
+# From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26):
+# Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition
+# of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone.
+# From Matt Johnson (2018-10-28):
+# http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/1/BO/2018/BO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf
+#
+# From Maamar Abdelkader (2018-11-01):
+# We usually move clocks back the previous week end and come back to the +1
+# the week end after.... The government does not announce yet the decision
+# about this temporary change. But it s 99% sure that it will be the case,
+# as in previous years. An unofficial survey was done these days, showing
+# that 64% of asked people are ok for moving from +1 to +0 during Ramadan.
+# https://leconomiste.com/article/1035870-enquete-l-economiste-sunergia-64-des-marocains-plebiscitent-le-gmt-pendant-ramadan
+
+# From Naoufal Semlali (2019-04-16):
+# Morocco will be on GMT starting from Sunday, May 5th 2019 at 3am.
+# The switch to GMT+1 will occur on Sunday, June 9th 2019 at 2am....
+# http://fr.le360.ma/societe/voici-la-date-du-retour-a-lheure-legale-au-maroc-188222
+
+# From Semlali Naoufal (2020-04-14):
+# Following the announcement by the Moroccan government, the switch to
+# GMT time will take place on Sunday, April 19, 2020 from 3 a.m. and
+# the return to GMT+1 time will take place on Sunday, May 31, 2020 at 2 a.m....
+# https://maroc-diplomatique.net/maroc-le-retour-a-lheure-gmt-est-prevu-dimanche-prochain/
+# http://aujourdhui.ma/actualite/gmt1-retour-a-lheure-normale-dimanche-prochain-1
+#
+# From Milamber (2020-05-31)
+# In Morocco (where I live), the end of Ramadan (Arabic month) is followed by
+# the Eid al-Fitr, and concretely it's 1 or 2 day offs for the people (with
+# traditional visiting of family, big lunches/dinners, etc.). So for this
+# year the astronomical calculations don't include the following 2 days off in
+# the calc. These 2 days fall in a Sunday/Monday, so it's not acceptable by
+# people to have a time shift during these 2 days off. Perhaps you can modify
+# the (predicted) rules for next years: if the end of Ramadan is a (probable)
+# Friday or Saturday (and so the 2 days off are on a weekend), the next time
+# shift will be the next weekend.
+#
+# From Milamber (2021-03-31, 2022-03-10):
+# https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=2076
+# https://www.ecoactu.ma/horaires-administration-ramadan-gmtheure-gmt-a-partir-de-dimanche-27-mars/
+#
+# From Milamber (2023-03-14, 2023-03-15):
+# The return to legal GMT time will take place this Sunday, March 19 at 3 a.m.
+# ... the return to GMT+1 will be made on Sunday April 23, 2023 at 2 a.m.
+# https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites/passage-à-l%E2%80%99heure-gmt-à-partir-du-dimanche-19-mars-2023
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2023-03-14):
+# For now, guess that in the future Morocco will fall back at 03:00
+# the last Sunday before Ramadan, and spring forward at 02:00 the
+# first Sunday after one day after Ramadan. To implement this,
+# transition dates and times for 2019 through 2087 were determined by
+# running the following program under GNU Emacs 28.2. (This algorithm
+# also produces the correct transition dates for 2016 through 2018,
+# though the times differ due to Morocco's time zone change in 2018.)
+# (let ((islamic-year 1440))
+# (require 'cal-islam)
+# (while (< islamic-year 1511)
+# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
+# (b (+ 1 (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))))
+# (sunday 0))
+# (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))
+# (while (/= sunday (mod b 7))
+# (setq b (1+ b)))
+# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
+# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
+# (insert
+# (format
+# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t-1:00\t-\n"
+# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t0\t-\n")
+# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
+# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
+# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2013 2018 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2014 2018 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 31 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2022 only - Mar 27 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2023 only - Mar 19 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2024 only - Mar 10 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2025 only - Feb 23 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2026 only - Feb 15 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2026 only - Mar 22 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2027 only - Feb 7 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2027 only - Mar 14 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2028 only - Jan 23 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2028 only - Mar 5 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2029 only - Jan 14 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2029 only - Feb 18 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2029 only - Dec 30 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2030 only - Feb 10 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2030 only - Dec 22 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2031 only - Jan 26 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2031 only - Dec 14 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2032 only - Jan 18 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2032 only - Nov 28 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2033 only - Jan 9 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2033 only - Nov 20 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2033 only - Dec 25 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2034 only - Nov 5 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2034 only - Dec 17 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 28 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2035 only - Dec 9 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2036 only - Nov 23 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2037 only - Nov 15 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2038 only - Sep 26 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2038 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2039 only - Sep 18 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2039 only - Oct 23 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2040 only - Sep 2 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2040 only - Oct 14 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2041 only - Aug 25 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2041 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2042 only - Aug 10 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2042 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2043 only - Aug 2 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2043 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2044 only - Jul 24 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2044 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2045 only - Jul 9 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2045 only - Aug 20 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2046 only - Jul 1 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2046 only - Aug 5 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jun 23 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jul 28 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jun 7 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jul 19 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2049 only - May 30 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2049 only - Jul 4 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2050 only - May 15 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2050 only - Jun 26 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2051 only - May 7 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2051 only - Jun 18 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2052 only - Apr 28 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2052 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2053 only - Apr 13 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2053 only - May 25 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2054 only - Apr 5 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2054 only - May 10 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2055 only - Mar 28 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2055 only - May 2 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2056 only - Mar 12 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2056 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2057 only - Mar 4 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2057 only - Apr 8 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2058 only - Feb 17 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2058 only - Mar 31 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2059 only - Feb 9 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2059 only - Mar 23 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2060 only - Feb 1 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2060 only - Mar 7 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2061 only - Jan 16 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2061 only - Feb 27 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2062 only - Jan 8 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2062 only - Feb 12 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2062 only - Dec 31 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2063 only - Feb 4 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2063 only - Dec 16 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2064 only - Jan 27 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2064 only - Dec 7 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2065 only - Jan 11 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2065 only - Nov 22 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2066 only - Jan 3 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2066 only - Nov 14 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2066 only - Dec 26 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2067 only - Nov 6 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2067 only - Dec 11 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2068 only - Oct 21 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2068 only - Dec 2 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2069 only - Oct 13 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2069 only - Nov 17 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2070 only - Oct 5 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2070 only - Nov 9 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2071 only - Sep 20 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2071 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2072 only - Sep 11 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2072 only - Oct 16 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2073 only - Aug 27 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2073 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2074 only - Aug 19 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2074 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2075 only - Aug 11 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2075 only - Sep 15 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2076 only - Jul 26 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2076 only - Sep 6 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2077 only - Jul 18 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2077 only - Aug 22 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2078 only - Jul 10 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2078 only - Aug 14 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2079 only - Jun 25 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2079 only - Aug 6 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jun 16 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jul 21 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jun 1 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jul 13 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2082 only - May 24 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2082 only - Jun 28 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2083 only - May 16 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2083 only - Jun 20 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2084 only - Apr 30 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2084 only - Jun 11 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2085 only - Apr 22 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2085 only - May 27 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2086 only - Apr 14 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2086 only - May 19 2:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2087 only - Mar 30 3:00 -1:00 -
+Rule Morocco 2087 only - May 11 2:00 0 -
+# For dates after the somewhat-arbitrary cutoff of 2087, assume that
+# Morocco will no longer observe DST. At some point this table will
+# need to be extended, though quite possibly Morocco will change the
+# rules first.
+
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26
+ 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 1984 Mar 16
+ 1:00 - +01 1986
+ 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00
+ 1:00 Morocco +01/+00
+
+# Western Sahara
+#
+# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
+# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
+# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
+# Morocco does.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
+# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
+# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
+
+Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún
+ -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14
+ 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00
+ 1:00 Morocco +01/+00
+
+# Botswana
+# Burundi
+# Democratic Republic of the Congo (eastern)
+# Malawi
+# Mozambique
+# Rwanda
+# Zambia
+# Zimbabwe
+#
+# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
+# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
+# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# merely made it official?
+#
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
+ 2:00 - CAT
+
+# Namibia
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09):
+# The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at
+# www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf
+# and includes this nugget:
+# Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the
+# first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall
+# commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on
+# Sunday 4 September 1994.
+
+# From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06):
+# ... both summer and winter time are called "standard"
+# (which differs from the use in Ireland) ...
+
+# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
+# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
+# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
+# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
+# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
+# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
+# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
+# of the country.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22):
+# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally
+# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice.
+# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
+# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23.
+# https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09):
+# Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST:
+# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/
+# This video is from the government decision:
+# https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665
+# We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at
+# the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September:
+# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09):
+# Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally.
+# However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST. See, e.g.:
+# http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706
+# https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia
+# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/
+# Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible
+# with Namibia's neighbors.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST.
+Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 -1:00 WAT
+Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 CAT
+Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 -1:00 WAT
+# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk.
+#Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 WAT
+#Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 CAT
+#Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 WAT
+# End of rearguard section.
+
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
+ 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar
+ 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
+ 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
+ 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
+# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST.
+ 2:00 Namibia %s
+# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk.
+# 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00
+# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07):
+# The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24. See:
+# http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf
+# 1:00 Namibia %s 2017 Oct 24
+# 2:00 - CAT
+# End of rearguard section.
+
+
+# Angola
+# Benin
+# Cameroon
+# Central African Republic
+# Democratic Republic of the Congo (western)
+# Republic of the Congo
+# Equatorial Guinea
+# Gabon
+# Niger
+# Nigeria
+
+# From P Chan (2020-12-03):
+# GMT was adopted as the standard time of Lagos on 1905-07-01.
+# Lagos Weekly Record, 1905-06-24, p 3
+# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558#?c=0&m=668&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1446,5221,1931,1235
+# says "It is officially notified that on and after the 1st of July 1905
+# Greenwich Mean Solar Time will be adopted throughout the Colony and
+# Protectorate, and that it will be necessary to put all clocks 13 minutes and
+# 35 seconds back, recording local mean time."
+#
+# It seemed that Lagos returned to LMT on 1908-07-01.
+# [The Lagos Standard], 1908-07-01, p 5
+# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31556#?c=0&m=78&s=0&cv=4&r=0&xywh=-92,3590,3944,2523
+# says "Scarcely have the people become accustomed to this new time, when
+# another official notice has now appeared announcing that from and after the
+# 1st July next, return will be made to local mean time."
+#
+# From P Chan (2020-11-27):
+# On 1914-01-01, standard time of GMT+0:30 was adopted for the unified Nigeria.
+# Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 878. Nigeria. Report for 1914. (April 1916),
+# p 27
+# https://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/Africana/Books2011-05/3064634/3064634_1914/3064634_1914_opt.pdf#page=27
+# "On January 1st [1914], a universal standard time for Nigeria was adopted,
+# viz., half an hour fast on Greenwich mean time, corresponding to the meridian
+# 7° 30' E. long."
+# Lloyd's Register of Shipping (1915) says "Hitherto the time observed in Lagos
+# was the local mean time. On 1st January, 1914, standard time for the whole of
+# Nigeria was introduced ... Lagos time has been advanced about 16 minutes
+# accordingly."
+#
+# In 1919, standard time was changed to GMT+1.
+# Interpretation Ordinance (Cap 2)
+# The Laws of Nigeria, Containing the Ordinances of Nigeria, in Force on the
+# 1st Day of January, 1923, Vol.I [p 16]
+# https://books.google.com/books?id=BOMrAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA16
+# "The expression 'Standard time' means standard time as used in Nigeria:
+# namely, 60 minutes in advance of Greenwich mean time. (As amended by 18 of
+# 1919, s. 2.)"
+# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10):
+# The Lagos Weekly Record, 1919-09-20, p 3 details discussion on the first
+# reading of this Bill by the Legislative Council of the Colony of Nigeria on
+# Thursday 1919-08-28:
+# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558?terms&item_id=303484#?m=1118&c=1&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1261,3408,2994,1915
+# "The proposal is that the Globe should be divided into twelve zones East and
+# West of Greenwich, of one hour each, Nigeria falling into the zone with a
+# standard of one hour fast on Greenwich Mean Time. Nigeria standard time is
+# now 30 minutes in advance of Greenwich Mean Time ... according to the new
+# proposal, standard time will be advanced another 30 minutes". It was further
+# proposed that the firing of the time guns likewise be adjusted by 30 minutes
+# to compensate.
+# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10), per P Chan (2020-12-11):
+# The text of Ordinance 18 of 1919, published in Nigeria Gazette, Vol 6, No 52,
+# shows that the change was assented to the following day and took effect "on
+# the 1st day of September, 1919."
+# Nigeria Gazette and Supplements 1919 Jan-Dec, Reference: 73266B-40,
+# img 245-246
+# https://microform.digital/boa/collections/77/volumes/539/nigeria-lagos-1887-1919
+
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:35 - LMT 1905 Jul 1
+ 0:00 - GMT 1908 Jul 1
+ 0:13:35 - LMT 1914 Jan 1
+ 0:30 - +0030 1919 Sep 1
+ 1:00 - WAT
+
+# São Tomé and Príncipe
+
+# See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08):
+# Multiple sources tell that São Tomé changed from UTC to UTC+1 as
+# they entered the year 2018.
+# From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08):
+# the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017]
+# http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017
+
+# From Vadim Nasardinov (2018-12-29):
+# São Tomé and Príncipe is about to do the following on Jan 1, 2019:
+# https://www.stp-press.st/2018/12/05/governo-jesus-ja-decidiu-repor-hora-legal-sao-tomense/
+#
+# From Michael Deckers (2018-12-30):
+# https://www.legis-palop.org/download.jsp?idFile=102818
+# ... [The legal time of the country, which coincides with universal
+# coordinated time, will be reinstituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.]
+
+Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884
+ #STDOFF -0:36:44.68
+ -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 00:00u # Lisbon MT
+ 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00
+ 1:00 - WAT 2019 Jan 1 02:00
+ 0:00 - GMT
+
+# Eswatini (Swaziland)
+# Lesotho
+# South Africa
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 -
+Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
+ 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
+ 2:00 SA SAST
+#
+# Marion and Prince Edward Is
+# scientific station since 1947
+# no information
+
+# Sudan
+
+# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html>
+# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
+# also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
+# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
+# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
+# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
+
+# From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17):
+# ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00)
+# to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
+# A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the
+# year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia
+# Abdalla of NTC, archived at:
+# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
+Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
+ 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
+ 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1
+ 2:00 - CAT
+
+# South Sudan
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2021-01-18):
+# "South Sudan will change its time zone by setting the clock back 1
+# hour on February 1, 2021...."
+# from https://eyeradio.org/south-sudan-adopts-new-time-zone-makuei/
+
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931
+ 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
+ 3:00 - EAT 2021 Feb 1 00:00
+ 2:00 - CAT
+
+# Tunisia
+
+# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
+# My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
+# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News
+# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
+# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
+# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
+# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
+# Saturday." (My translation)
+#
+# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
+# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
+# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html
+# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
+# 1h standard time.
+#
+# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
+# The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
+# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
+# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
+# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
+# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
+# (Arabic)
+# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
+# https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
+#
+# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
+# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
+# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
+# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
+#
+# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
+#
+# (in English)
+# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
+#
+# (in Arabic)
+# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18):
+# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is
+# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period
+# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept
+# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception
+# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
+# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
+#
+# (translation):
+# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
+# Sunday...
+# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
+# coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
+#
+# (in Arabic)
+# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
+# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+
+# See Europe/Paris commentary for PMT-related transitions.
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12
+ 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
+ 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT