path: root/login-utils/lslogins.c

/*
 * lslogins - List information about users on the system
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2014 Ondrej Oprala <ooprala@redhat.com>
 * Copyright (C) 2014 Karel Zak <kzak@redhat.com>
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it would be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
 * with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/syslog.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <grp.h>
#include <shadow.h>
#include <paths.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <utmpx.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <search.h>
#include <lastlog.h>

#include <libsmartcols.h>
#ifdef HAVE_LIBSELINUX
# include <selinux/selinux.h>
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_LIBSYSTEMD
# include <systemd/sd-journal.h>
#endif

#include "c.h"
#include "nls.h"
#include "closestream.h"
#include "xalloc.h"
#include "list.h"
#include "strutils.h"
#include "optutils.h"
#include "pathnames.h"
#include "fileutils.h"
#include "logindefs.h"
#include "procfs.h"
#include "timeutils.h"

/*
 * column description
 */
struct lslogins_coldesc {
	const char *name;
	const char *help;
	const char *pretty_name;

	double whint;	/* width hint */
	long flag;
};

static int lslogins_flag;

#define UL_UID_MIN 1000
#define UL_UID_MAX 60000
#define UL_SYS_UID_MIN 101
#define UL_SYS_UID_MAX 999

/* we use the value of outmode to determine
 * appropriate flags for the libsmartcols table
 * (e.g., a value of out_newline would imply a raw
 * table with the column separator set to '\n').
 */
static int outmode;
/*
 * output modes
 */
enum {
	OUT_COLON = 1,
	OUT_EXPORT,
	OUT_NEWLINE,
	OUT_RAW,
	OUT_NUL,
	OUT_PRETTY
};

enum {
	LASTLOG_TIME,
	LASTLOG_LINE,
	LASTLOG_HOST
};

struct lslogins_user {
	char *login;
	uid_t uid;
	char *group;
	gid_t gid;
	char *gecos;

	int pwd_empty;
	int nologin;
	int pwd_lock;
	int pwd_deny;

	gid_t *sgroups;
	size_t nsgroups;

	char *pwd_ctime;
	char *pwd_warn;
	char *pwd_expire;
	char *pwd_ctime_min;
	char *pwd_ctime_max;
	const char *pwd_method;

	char *last_login;
	char *last_tty;
	char *last_hostname;

	char *failed_login;
	char *failed_tty;

#ifdef HAVE_LIBSELINUX
	char *context;
#endif
	char *homedir;
	char *shell;
	char *pwd_status;
	int   hushed;
	char *nprocs;

};

/*
 * time modes
 * */
enum {
	TIME_INVALID = 0,
	TIME_SHORT,
	TIME_FULL,
	TIME_ISO,
	TIME_ISO_SHORT,
};

/*
 * flags
 */
enum {
	F_SYSAC	= (1 << 3),
	F_USRAC	= (1 << 4),
};

/*
 * IDs
 */
enum {
	COL_USER = 0,
	COL_UID,
	COL_GECOS,
	COL_HOME,
	COL_SHELL,
	COL_NOLOGIN,
	COL_PWDLOCK,
	COL_PWDEMPTY,
	COL_PWDDENY,
	COL_PWDMETHOD,
	COL_GROUP,
	COL_GID,
	COL_SGROUPS,
	COL_SGIDS,
	COL_LAST_LOGIN,
	COL_LAST_TTY,
	COL_LAST_HOSTNAME,
	COL_FAILED_LOGIN,
	COL_FAILED_TTY,
	COL_HUSH_STATUS,
	COL_PWD_WARN,
	COL_PWD_CTIME,
	COL_PWD_CTIME_MIN,
	COL_PWD_CTIME_MAX,
	COL_PWD_EXPIR,
	COL_SELINUX,
	COL_NPROCS,
};

#define is_wtmp_col(x)	((x) == COL_LAST_LOGIN     || \
			 (x) == COL_LAST_TTY       || \
			 (x) == COL_LAST_HOSTNAME)

#define is_btmp_col(x)	((x) == COL_FAILED_LOGIN   || \
			 (x) == COL_FAILED_TTY)

enum {
	STATUS_FALSE = 0,
	STATUS_TRUE,
	STATUS_UNKNOWN
};

static const char *const status[] = {
	[STATUS_FALSE]	= "0",
	[STATUS_TRUE]	= "1",
	[STATUS_UNKNOWN]= NULL
};

static const char *const pretty_status[] = {
	[STATUS_FALSE]	= N_("no"),
	[STATUS_TRUE]	= N_("yes"),
	[STATUS_UNKNOWN]= NULL
};

#define get_status(x)	(outmode == OUT_PRETTY ? pretty_status[(x)] : status[(x)])

static const struct lslogins_coldesc coldescs[] =
{
	[COL_USER]          = { "USER",		N_("user name"), N_("Username"), 0.1, SCOLS_FL_NOEXTREMES },
	[COL_UID]           = { "UID",		N_("user ID"), "UID", 1, SCOLS_FL_RIGHT},
	[COL_PWDEMPTY]      = { "PWD-EMPTY",	N_("password not defined"), N_("Password not required (empty)"), 1, SCOLS_FL_RIGHT },
	[COL_PWDDENY]       = { "PWD-DENY",	N_("login by password disabled"), N_("Login by password disabled"), 1, SCOLS_FL_RIGHT },
	[COL_PWDLOCK]       = { "PWD-LOCK",	N_("password defined, but locked"), N_("Password is locked"), 1, SCOLS_FL_RIGHT },
	[COL_PWDMETHOD]     = { "PWD-METHOD",   N_("password encryption method"), N_("Password encryption method"), 0.1 },
	[COL_NOLOGIN]       = { "NOLOGIN",	N_("log in disabled by nologin(8) or pam_nologin(8)"), N_("No login"), 1, SCOLS_FL_RIGHT },
	[COL_GROUP]         = { "GROUP",	N_("primary group name"), N_("Primary group"), 0.1 },
	[COL_GID]           = { "GID",		N_("primary group ID"), "GID", 1, SCOLS_FL_RIGHT },
	[COL_SGROUPS]       = { "SUPP-GROUPS",	N_("supplementary group names"), N_("Supplementary groups"), 0.1 },
	[COL_SGIDS]         = { "SUPP-GIDS",    N_("supplementary group IDs"), N_("Supplementary group IDs"), 0.1 },
	[COL_HOME]          = { "HOMEDIR",	N_("home directory"), N_("Home directory"), 0.1 },
	[COL_SHELL]         = { "SHELL",	N_("login shell"), N_("Shell"), 0.1 },
	[COL_GECOS]         = { "GECOS",	N_("full user name"), N_("Gecos field"), 0.1, SCOLS_FL_TRUNC },
	[COL_LAST_LOGIN]    = { "LAST-LOGIN",	N_("date of last login"), N_("Last login"), 0.1, SCOLS_FL_RIGHT },
	[COL_LAST_TTY]      = { "LAST-TTY",	N_("last tty used"), N_("Last terminal"), 0.05 },
	[COL_LAST_HOSTNAME] = { "LAST-HOSTNAME",N_("hostname during the last session"), N_("Last hostname"),  0.1},
	[COL_FAILED_LOGIN]  = { "FAILED-LOGIN",	N_("date of last failed login"), N_("Failed login"), 0.1 },
	[COL_FAILED_TTY]    = { "FAILED-TTY",	N_("where did the login fail?"), N_("Failed login terminal"), 0.05 },
	[COL_HUSH_STATUS]   = { "HUSHED",	N_("user's hush settings"), N_("Hushed"), 1, SCOLS_FL_RIGHT },
	[COL_PWD_WARN]      = { "PWD-WARN",	N_("days user is warned of password expiration"), N_("Password expiration warn interval"), 0.1, SCOLS_FL_RIGHT },
	[COL_PWD_EXPIR]     = { "PWD-EXPIR",	N_("password expiration date"), N_("Password expiration"), 0.1, SCOLS_FL_RIGHT },
	[COL_PWD_CTIME]     = { "PWD-CHANGE",	N_("date of last password change"), N_("Password changed"), 0.1, SCOLS_FL_RIGHT},
	[COL_PWD_CTIME_MIN] = { "PWD-MIN",	N_("number of days required between changes"), N_("Minimum change time"), 0.1, SCOLS_FL_RIGHT },
	[COL_PWD_CTIME_MAX] = { "PWD-MAX",	N_("max number of days a password may remain unchanged"), N_("Maximum change time"), 0.1, SCOLS_FL_RIGHT },
	[COL_SELINUX]       = { "CONTEXT",	N_("the user's security context"), N_("Selinux context"), 0.1 },
	[COL_NPROCS]        = { "PROC",         N_("number of processes run by the user"), N_("Running processes"), 1, SCOLS_FL_RIGHT },
};

struct lslogins_control {
	struct utmpx *wtmp;
	size_t wtmp_size;

	struct utmpx *btmp;
	size_t btmp_size;

	int lastlogin_fd;

	void *usertree;

	uid_t uid;
	uid_t UID_MIN;
	uid_t UID_MAX;

	uid_t SYS_UID_MIN;
	uid_t SYS_UID_MAX;

	char **ulist;
	size_t ulsiz;

	unsigned int time_mode;

	const char *journal_path;

	unsigned int selinux_enabled : 1,
		     fail_on_unknown : 1,		/* fail if user does not exist */
		     ulist_on : 1,
		     shellvar : 1,
		     noheadings : 1,
		     notrunc : 1;
};

/* these have to remain global since there's no other reasonable way to pass
 * them for each call of fill_table() via twalk() */
static struct libscols_table *tb;

/* columns[] array specifies all currently wanted output column. The columns
 * are defined by coldescs[] array and you can specify (on command line) each
 * column twice. That's enough, dynamically allocated array of the columns is
 * unnecessary overkill and over-engineering in this case */
static int columns[ARRAY_SIZE(coldescs) * 2];
static size_t ncolumns;

static inline size_t err_columns_index(size_t arysz, size_t idx)
{
	if (idx >= arysz)
		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, _("too many columns specified, "
				     "the limit is %zu columns"),
				arysz - 1);
	return idx;
}

#define add_column(ary, n, id)	\
		((ary)[ err_columns_index(ARRAY_SIZE(ary), (n)) ] = (id))

static int column_name_to_id(const char *name, size_t namesz)
{
	size_t i;

	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(coldescs); i++) {
		const char *cn = coldescs[i].name;

		if (!strncasecmp(name, cn, namesz) && !*(cn + namesz))
			return i;
	}
	warnx(_("unknown column: %s"), name);
	return -1;
}

static struct timeval now;

static char *make_time(int mode, time_t time)
{
	int rc = 0;
	char buf[64] = {0};

	switch(mode) {
	case TIME_FULL:
	{
		char *s;
		struct tm tm;
		localtime_r(&time, &tm);

		asctime_r(&tm, buf);
		if (*(s = buf + strlen(buf) - 1) == '\n')
			*s = '\0';
		rc = 0;
		break;
	}
	case TIME_SHORT:
		rc = strtime_short(&time, &now, UL_SHORTTIME_THISYEAR_HHMM,
				buf, sizeof(buf));
		break;
	case TIME_ISO:
		rc = strtime_iso(&time, ISO_TIMESTAMP_T, buf, sizeof(buf));
		break;
	case TIME_ISO_SHORT:
		rc = strtime_iso(&time, ISO_DATE, buf, sizeof(buf));
		break;
	default:
		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, _("unsupported time type"));
	}

	if (rc)
		 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, _("failed to compose time string"));

	return xstrdup(buf);
}


static char *uidtostr(uid_t uid)
{
	char *str_uid = NULL;
	xasprintf(&str_uid, "%u", uid);
	return str_uid;
}

static char *gidtostr(gid_t gid)
{
	char *str_gid = NULL;
	xasprintf(&str_gid, "%u", gid);
	return str_gid;
}

static char *build_sgroups_string(gid_t *sgroups, size_t nsgroups, int want_names)
{
	size_t n = 0, maxlen, len;
	char *res, *p;

	if (!nsgroups)
		return NULL;

	len = maxlen = nsgroups * 10;
	res = p = xmalloc(maxlen);

	while (n < nsgroups) {
		int x;
again:
		if (!want_names)
			x = snprintf(p, len, "%u,", sgroups[n]);
		else {
			struct group *grp = getgrgid(sgroups[n]);
			if (!grp) {
				free(res);
				return NULL;
			}
			x = snprintf(p, len, "%s,", grp->gr_name);
		}

		if (x < 0 || (size_t) x >= len) {
			size_t cur = p - res;

			maxlen *= 2;
			res = xrealloc(res, maxlen);
			p = res + cur;
			len = maxlen - cur;
			goto again;
		}

		len -= x;
		p += x;
		++n;
	}

	if (p > res)
		*(p - 1) = '\0';

	return res;
}

static struct utmpx *get_last_wtmp(struct lslogins_control *ctl, const char *username)
{
	size_t n = 0;

	if (!username)
		return NULL;

	n = ctl->wtmp_size - 1;
	do {
		if (!strncmp(username, ctl->wtmp[n].ut_user,
		             sizeof(ctl->wtmp[0].ut_user)))
			return ctl->wtmp + n;
	} while (n--);
	return NULL;

}

static int require_wtmp(void)
{
	size_t i;
	for (i = 0; i < ncolumns; i++)
		if (is_wtmp_col(columns[i]))
			return 1;
	return 0;
}

static int require_btmp(void)
{
	size_t i;
	for (i = 0; i < ncolumns; i++)
		if (is_btmp_col(columns[i]))
			return 1;
	return 0;
}

static struct utmpx *get_last_btmp(struct lslogins_control *ctl, const char *username)
{
	size_t n = 0;

	if (!username)
		return NULL;

	n = ctl->btmp_size - 1;
	do {
		if (!strncmp(username, ctl->btmp[n].ut_user,
		             sizeof(ctl->wtmp[0].ut_user)))
			return ctl->btmp + n;
	}while (n--);
	return NULL;

}

static int parse_utmpx(const char *path, size_t *nrecords, struct utmpx **records)
{
	size_t i, imax = 1;
	struct utmpx *ary = NULL;
	struct stat st;

	*nrecords = 0;
	*records = NULL;

	if (utmpxname(path) < 0)
		return -errno;

	/* optimize allocation according to file size, the realloc() below is
	 * just fallback only */
	if (stat(path, &st) == 0 && (size_t) st.st_size >= sizeof(struct utmpx)) {
		imax = st.st_size / sizeof(struct utmpx);
		ary = xmalloc(imax * sizeof(struct utmpx));
	}

	for (i = 0; ; i++) {
		struct utmpx *u;
		errno = 0;
		u = getutxent();
		if (!u) {
			if (errno)
				goto fail;
			break;
		}
		if (i == imax)
			ary = xrealloc(ary, (imax *= 2) * sizeof(struct utmpx));
		ary[i] = *u;
	}

	*nrecords = i;
	*records = ary;
	endutxent();
	return 0;
fail:
	endutxent();
	free(ary);
	if (errno) {
		if (errno != EACCES)
			err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", path);
		return -errno;
	}
	return -EINVAL;
}

static void get_lastlog(struct lslogins_control *ctl, uid_t uid, void *dst, int what)
{
	struct lastlog ll;

	if (ctl->lastlogin_fd < 0 ||
	    pread(ctl->lastlogin_fd, (void *)&ll, sizeof(ll), uid * sizeof(ll)) != sizeof(ll))
		return;

	switch (what) {
	case LASTLOG_TIME: {
		time_t *t = (time_t *)dst;
		*t = ll.ll_time;
		break;
		}
	case LASTLOG_LINE:
		mem2strcpy(dst, ll.ll_line, sizeof(ll.ll_line), sizeof(ll.ll_line) + 1);
		break;
	case LASTLOG_HOST:
		mem2strcpy(dst, ll.ll_host, sizeof(ll.ll_host), sizeof(ll.ll_host) + 1);
		break;
	default:
		abort();
	}
}

static int get_sgroups(gid_t **list, size_t *len, struct passwd *pwd)
{
	size_t n = 0;
	int ngroups = 0;

	*len = 0;
	*list = NULL;

	/* first let's get a supp. group count */
	getgrouplist(pwd->pw_name, pwd->pw_gid, *list, &ngroups);
	if (!ngroups)
		return -1;

	*list = xcalloc(1, ngroups * sizeof(gid_t));

	/* now for the actual list of GIDs */
	if (-1 == getgrouplist(pwd->pw_name, pwd->pw_gid, *list, &ngroups))
		return -1;

	*len = (size_t) ngroups;

	/* getgroups also returns the user's primary GID - dispose of it */
	while (n < *len) {
		if ((*list)[n] == pwd->pw_gid)
			break;
		++n;
	}

	if (*len)
		(*list)[n] = (*list)[--(*len)];

	return 0;
}

#ifdef __linux__
static int get_nprocs(const uid_t uid)
{
	DIR *dir;
	struct dirent *d;
	int nprocs = 0;

	dir = opendir(_PATH_PROC);
	if (!dir)
		return 0;

	while ((d = xreaddir(dir))) {
		if (procfs_dirent_match_uid(dir, d, uid))
			++nprocs;
	}

	closedir(dir);
	return nprocs;
}
#endif

static const char *get_pwd_method(const char *str, const char **next)
{
	const char *p = str;
	const char *res = NULL;

	if (!p || *p++ != '$')
		return NULL;

	switch (*p) {
	case '1':
		res = "MD5";
		break;
	case '2':
		switch(*(p+1)) {
		case 'a':
		case 'y':
			p++;
			res = "Blowfish";
			break;
		case 'b':
			p++;
			res = "bcrypt";
			break;
		}
		break;
	case '3':
		res = "NT";
		break;
	case '5':
		res = "SHA-256";
		break;
	case '6':
		res = "SHA-512";
		break;
	case '7':
		res = "scrypt";
		break;
	case 'y':
		res = "yescrypt";
		break;
	case 'g':
		if (*(p + 1) == 'y') {
			p++;
			res = "gost-yescrypt";
		}
		break;
	case '_':
		res = "bsdicrypt";
		break;
	default:
		res = "unknown";
		break;
	}
	p++;

	if (*p != '$')
		return NULL;
	if (next)
		*next = ++p;
	return res;
}

#define is_invalid_pwd_char(x)	(isspace((unsigned char) (x)) || \
				 (x) == ':' || (x) == ';' || (x) == '*' || \
				 (x) == '!' || (x) == '\\')
#define is_valid_pwd_char(x)	(isascii((unsigned char) (x)) && !is_invalid_pwd_char(x))

/*
 * This function do not accept empty passwords or locked accouns.
 */
static int valid_pwd(const char *str)
{
	const char *p = str;

	if (!str || !*str)
		return 0;

	/* $id$ */
	if (get_pwd_method(str, &p) == NULL)
		return 0;

	if (!p || !*p)
		return 0;
	/* salt$ */
	for (; *p; p++) {
		if (*p == '$') {
			p++;
			break;
		}
		if (!is_valid_pwd_char(*p))
			return 0;
	}

	if (!*p)
		return 0;
	/* encrypted */
	for (; *p; p++) {
		if (!is_valid_pwd_char(*p)) {
			return 0;
		}
	}
	return 1;
}

static struct lslogins_user *get_user_info(struct lslogins_control *ctl, const char *username)
{
	struct lslogins_user *user;
	struct passwd *pwd;
	struct group *grp;
	struct spwd *shadow;
	struct utmpx *user_wtmp = NULL, *user_btmp = NULL;
	size_t n = 0;
	time_t time;
	uid_t uid;
	errno = 0;

	errno = 0;
	pwd = username ? getpwnam(username) : getpwent();
	if (!pwd)
		return NULL;

	ctl->uid = uid = pwd->pw_uid;

	/* nfsnobody is an exception to the UID_MAX limit.  This is "nobody" on
	 * some systems; the decisive point is the UID - 65534 */
	if ((lslogins_flag & F_USRAC) &&
	    strcmp("nfsnobody", pwd->pw_name) != 0 &&
	    uid != 0) {
		if (uid < ctl->UID_MIN || uid > ctl->UID_MAX) {
			errno = EAGAIN;
			return NULL;
		}

	} else if ((lslogins_flag & F_SYSAC) &&
		   (uid < ctl->SYS_UID_MIN || uid > ctl->SYS_UID_MAX)) {
		errno = EAGAIN;
		return NULL;
	}

	errno = 0;
	grp = getgrgid(pwd->pw_gid);
	if (!grp)
		return NULL;

	user = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lslogins_user));

	if (ctl->wtmp)
		user_wtmp = get_last_wtmp(ctl, pwd->pw_name);
	if (ctl->btmp)
		user_btmp = get_last_btmp(ctl, pwd->pw_name);

	lckpwdf();
	shadow = getspnam(pwd->pw_name);
	ulckpwdf();

	/* required  by tseach() stuff */
	user->uid = pwd->pw_uid;

	while (n < ncolumns) {
		switch (columns[n++]) {
		case COL_USER:
			user->login = xstrdup(pwd->pw_name);
			break;
		case COL_UID:
			user->uid = pwd->pw_uid;
			break;
		case COL_GROUP:
			user->group = xstrdup(grp->gr_name);
			break;
		case COL_GID:
			user->gid = pwd->pw_gid;
			break;
		case COL_SGROUPS:
		case COL_SGIDS:
			if (!user->nsgroups &&
			    get_sgroups(&user->sgroups, &user->nsgroups, pwd) < 0)
				err(EXIT_FAILURE, _("failed to get supplementary groups"));
			break;
		case COL_HOME:
			user->homedir = xstrdup(pwd->pw_dir);
			break;
		case COL_SHELL:
			user->shell = xstrdup(pwd->pw_shell);
			break;
		case COL_GECOS:
			user->gecos = xstrdup(pwd->pw_gecos);
			break;
		case COL_LAST_LOGIN:
			if (user_wtmp) {
				time = user_wtmp->ut_tv.tv_sec;
				user->last_login = make_time(ctl->time_mode, time);
			} else {
				time = 0;
				get_lastlog(ctl, pwd->pw_uid, &time, LASTLOG_TIME);
				if (time)
					user->last_login = make_time(ctl->time_mode, time);
			}
			break;
		case COL_LAST_TTY:
			user->last_tty = xcalloc(1, sizeof(user_wtmp->ut_line) + 1);
			if (user_wtmp) {
				mem2strcpy(user->last_tty, user_wtmp->ut_line,
						sizeof(user_wtmp->ut_line),
						sizeof(user_wtmp->ut_line) + 1);;
			}  else
				get_lastlog(ctl, user->uid, user->last_tty, LASTLOG_LINE);
			break;
		case COL_LAST_HOSTNAME:
			user->last_hostname = xcalloc(1, sizeof(user_wtmp->ut_host) + 1);
			if (user_wtmp) {
				mem2strcpy(user->last_hostname, user_wtmp->ut_host,
						sizeof(user_wtmp->ut_host),
						sizeof(user_wtmp->ut_host) + 1);;
			}  else
				get_lastlog(ctl, user->uid, user->last_hostname, LASTLOG_HOST);
			break;
		case COL_FAILED_LOGIN:
			if (user_btmp) {
				time = user_btmp->ut_tv.tv_sec;
				user->failed_login = make_time(ctl->time_mode, time);
			}
			break;
		case COL_FAILED_TTY:
			if (user_btmp) {
				user->failed_tty = xmalloc(sizeof(user_btmp->ut_line) + 1);
				mem2strcpy(user->failed_tty, user_btmp->ut_line,
						sizeof(user_btmp->ut_line),
						sizeof(user_btmp->ut_line) + 1);;
			}
			break;
		case COL_HUSH_STATUS:
			user->hushed = get_hushlogin_status(pwd, 0);
			if (user->hushed == -1)
				user->hushed = STATUS_UNKNOWN;
			break;
		case COL_PWDEMPTY:
			if (shadow) {
				const char *p = shadow->sp_pwdp;

				while (p && (*p == '!' || *p == '*'))
					p++;

				if (!p || !*p)
					user->pwd_empty = STATUS_TRUE;
			} else
				user->pwd_empty = STATUS_UNKNOWN;
			break;
		case COL_PWDDENY:
			if (shadow) {
				const char *p = shadow->sp_pwdp;

				while (p && (*p == '!' || *p == '*'))
					p++;

				if (p && *p && p != shadow->sp_pwdp && !valid_pwd(p))
					user->pwd_deny = STATUS_TRUE;
			} else
				user->pwd_deny = STATUS_UNKNOWN;
			break;
		case COL_PWDLOCK:
			if (shadow) {
				const char *p = shadow->sp_pwdp;
				int i = 0;

				/* 'passwd --lock' uses two exclamation marks,
				 * shadow(5) describes the lock as "field which
				 * starts with an exclamation mark". Let's
				 * support more '!' ...
				 */
				while (p && *p == '!')
					p++, i++;

				if (i != 0 && (!*p || valid_pwd(p)))
					user->pwd_lock = STATUS_TRUE;
			} else
				user->pwd_lock = STATUS_UNKNOWN;
			break;
		case COL_PWDMETHOD:
			if (shadow) {
				const char *p = shadow->sp_pwdp;

				while (p && (*p == '!' || *p == '*'))
					p++;
				user->pwd_method = get_pwd_method(p, NULL);
			} else
				user->pwd_method = NULL;
			break;
		case COL_NOLOGIN:
			if (strstr(pwd->pw_shell, "nologin"))
				user->nologin = 1;
			else if (pwd->pw_uid)
				user->nologin = access(_PATH_NOLOGIN, F_OK) == 0 ||
						access(_PATH_VAR_NOLOGIN, F_OK) == 0;
			break;
		case COL_PWD_WARN:
			if (shadow && shadow->sp_warn >= 0)
				xasprintf(&user->pwd_warn, "%ld", shadow->sp_warn);
			break;
		case COL_PWD_EXPIR:
			if (shadow && shadow->sp_expire >= 0)
				user->pwd_expire = make_time(ctl->time_mode == TIME_ISO ?
						TIME_ISO_SHORT : ctl->time_mode,
						shadow->sp_expire * 86400);
			break;
		case COL_PWD_CTIME:
			/* sp_lstchg is specified in days, showing hours
			 * (especially in non-GMT timezones) would only serve
			 * to confuse */
			if (shadow)
				user->pwd_ctime = make_time(ctl->time_mode == TIME_ISO ?
						TIME_ISO_SHORT : ctl->time_mode,
						shadow->sp_lstchg * 86400);
			break;
		case COL_PWD_CTIME_MIN:
			if (shadow && shadow->sp_min > 0)
				xasprintf(&user->pwd_ctime_min, "%ld", shadow->sp_min);
			break;
		case COL_PWD_CTIME_MAX:
			if (shadow && shadow->sp_max > 0)
				xasprintf(&user->pwd_ctime_max, "%ld", shadow->sp_max);
			break;
		case COL_SELINUX:
#ifdef HAVE_LIBSELINUX
			if (!ctl->selinux_enabled || getcon(&user->context) != 0)
				user->context = NULL;
#endif
			break;
		case COL_NPROCS:
#ifdef __linux__

			xasprintf(&user->nprocs, "%d", get_nprocs(pwd->pw_uid));
#endif
			break;
		default:
			/* something went very wrong here */
			err(EXIT_FAILURE, "fatal: unknown error");
			break;
		}
	}

	return user;
}

static int str_to_uint(char *s, unsigned int *ul)
{
	char *end = NULL;

	if (!s || !*s)
		return -1;

	errno = 0;
	*ul = strtoul(s, &end, 0);
	if (errno == 0 && end && !*end)
		return 0;
	return 1;
}

/* get a definitive list of users we want info about... */
static int get_ulist(struct lslogins_control *ctl, char *logins, char *groups)
{
	char *u, *g;
	size_t i = 0, n = 0, *arsiz;
	struct group *grp;
	struct passwd *pwd;
	char ***ar;
	uid_t uid;
	gid_t gid;

	ar = &ctl->ulist;
	arsiz = &ctl->ulsiz;

	/* an arbitrary starting value */
	*arsiz = 32;
	*ar = xcalloc(1, sizeof(char *) * (*arsiz));

	if (logins) {
		while ((u = strtok(logins, ","))) {
			logins = NULL;

			/* user specified by UID? */
			if (!str_to_uint(u, &uid)) {
				pwd = getpwuid(uid);
				if (!pwd)
					continue;
				u = pwd->pw_name;
			}
			(*ar)[i++] = xstrdup(u);

			if (i == *arsiz)
				*ar = xrealloc(*ar, sizeof(char *) * (*arsiz += 32));
		}
		ctl->ulist_on = 1;
	}

	if (groups) {
		/* FIXME: this might lead to duplicate entries, although not visible
		 * in output, crunching a user's info multiple times is very redundant */
		while ((g = strtok(groups, ","))) {
			n = 0;
			groups = NULL;

			/* user specified by GID? */
			if (!str_to_uint(g, &gid))
				grp = getgrgid(gid);
			else
				grp = getgrnam(g);

			if (!grp)
				continue;

			while ((u = grp->gr_mem[n++])) {
				(*ar)[i++] = xstrdup(u);

				if (i == *arsiz)
					*ar = xrealloc(*ar, sizeof(char *) * (*arsiz += 32));
			}
		}
		ctl->ulist_on = 1;
	}
	*arsiz = i;
	return 0;
}

static void free_ctl(struct lslogins_control *ctl)
{
	size_t n = 0;

	if (!ctl)
		return;

	free(ctl->wtmp);
	free(ctl->btmp);

	while (n < ctl->ulsiz)
		free(ctl->ulist[n++]);

	free(ctl->ulist);
	free(ctl);
}

static struct lslogins_user *get_next_user(struct lslogins_control *ctl)
{
	struct lslogins_user *u;
	errno = 0;
	while (!(u = get_user_info(ctl, NULL))) {
		/* no "false" errno-s here, iff we're unable to
		 * get a valid user entry for any reason, quit */
		if (errno == EAGAIN)
			continue;
		return NULL;
	}
	return u;
}

/* some UNIX implementations set errno iff a passwd/grp/...
 * entry was not found. The original UNIX logins(1) utility always
 * ignores invalid login/group names, so we're going to as well.*/
#define IS_REAL_ERRNO(e) !((e) == ENOENT || (e) == ESRCH || \
		(e) == EBADF || (e) == EPERM || (e) == EAGAIN)

static int get_user(struct lslogins_control *ctl, struct lslogins_user **user,
		    const char *username)
{
	*user = get_user_info(ctl, username);
	if (!*user && IS_REAL_ERRNO(errno))
		return -1;
	return 0;
}

static int cmp_uid(const void *a, const void *b)
{
	uid_t x = ((const struct lslogins_user *)a)->uid;
	uid_t z = ((const struct lslogins_user *)b)->uid;
	return x > z ? 1 : (x < z ? -1 : 0);
}

static int create_usertree(struct lslogins_control *ctl)
{
	struct lslogins_user *user = NULL;
	size_t n = 0;

	if (ctl->ulist_on) {
		for (n = 0; n < ctl->ulsiz; n++) {
			int rc = get_user(ctl, &user, ctl->ulist[n]);

			if (ctl->fail_on_unknown && !user) {
				warnx(_("cannot found '%s'"), ctl->ulist[n]);
				return -1;
			}
			if (rc || !user)
				continue;
			tsearch(user, &ctl->usertree, cmp_uid);
		}
	} else {
		while ((user = get_next_user(ctl)))
			tsearch(user, &ctl->usertree, cmp_uid);
	}
	return 0;
}

static struct libscols_table *setup_table(struct lslogins_control *ctl)
{
	struct libscols_table *table = scols_new_table();
	size_t n = 0;

	if (!table)
		err(EXIT_FAILURE, _("failed to allocate output table"));
	if (ctl->noheadings)
		scols_table_enable_noheadings(table, 1);
	if (ctl->shellvar)
		scols_table_enable_shellvar(table, 1);

	switch(outmode) {
	case OUT_COLON:
		scols_table_enable_raw(table, 1);
		scols_table_set_column_separator(table, ":");
		break;
	case OUT_NEWLINE:
		scols_table_set_column_separator(table, "\n");
		/* fallthrough */
	case OUT_EXPORT:
		scols_table_enable_export(table, 1);
		break;
	case OUT_NUL:
		scols_table_set_line_separator(table, "\0");
		/* fallthrough */
	case OUT_RAW:
		scols_table_enable_raw(table, 1);
		break;
	case OUT_PRETTY:
		scols_table_enable_noheadings(table, 1);
	default:
		break;
	}

	while (n < ncolumns) {
		int flags = coldescs[columns[n]].flag;

		if (ctl->notrunc)
			flags &= ~SCOLS_FL_TRUNC;

		if (!scols_table_new_column(table,
				coldescs[columns[n]].name,
				coldescs[columns[n]].whint,
				flags))
			goto fail;
		++n;
	}

	return table;
fail:
	scols_unref_table(table);
	return NULL;
}

static void fill_table(const void *u, const VISIT which, const int depth __attribute__((unused)))
{
	struct libscols_line *ln;
	const struct lslogins_user *user = *(struct lslogins_user * const *)u;
	size_t n = 0;

	if (which == preorder || which == endorder)
		return;

	ln = scols_table_new_line(tb, NULL);
	if (!ln)
		err(EXIT_FAILURE, _("failed to allocate output line"));

	while (n < ncolumns) {
		int rc = 0;

		switch (columns[n]) {
		case COL_USER:
			rc = scols_line_set_data(ln, n, user->login);
			break;
		case COL_UID:
			rc = scols_line_refer_data(ln, n, uidtostr(user->uid));
			break;
		case COL_PWDEMPTY:
			rc = scols_line_set_data(ln, n, get_status(user->pwd_empty));
			break;
		case COL_NOLOGIN:
			rc = scols_line_set_data(ln, n, get_status(user->nologin));
			break;
		case COL_PWDLOCK:
			rc = scols_line_set_data(ln, n, get_status(user->pwd_lock));
			break;
		case COL_PWDDENY:
			rc = scols_line_set_data(ln, n, get_status(user->pwd_deny));
			break;
		case COL_PWDMETHOD:
			rc = scols_line_set_data(ln, n, user->pwd_method);
			break;
		case COL_GROUP:
			rc = scols_line_set_data(ln, n, user->group);
			break;
		case COL_GID:
			rc = scols_line_refer_data(ln, n, gidtostr(user->gid));
			break;
		case COL_SGROUPS:
			rc = scols_line_refer_data(ln, n,
				build_sgroups_string(user->sgroups,
						     user->nsgroups,
						     TRUE));
			break;
		case COL_SGIDS:
			rc = scols_line_refer_data(ln, n,
				build_sgroups_string(user->sgroups,
						     user->nsgroups,
						     FALSE));
			break;
		case COL_HOME:
			rc = scols_line_set_data(ln, n, user->homedir);
			break;
		case COL_SHELL:
			rc = scols_line_set_data(ln, n, user->shell);
			break;
		case COL_GECOS:
			rc = scols_line_set_data(ln, n, user->gecos);
			break;
		case COL_LAST_LOGIN:
			rc = scols_line_set_data(ln, n, user->last_login);
			break;
		case COL_LAST_TTY:
			rc = scols_line_set_data(ln, n, user->last_tty);
			break;
		case COL_LAST_HOSTNAME:
			rc = scols_line_set_data(ln, n, user->last_hostname);
			break;
		case COL_FAILED_LOGIN:
			rc = scols_line_set_data(ln, n, user->failed_login);
			break;
		case COL_FAILED_TTY:
			rc = scols_line_set_data(ln, n, user->failed_tty);
			break;
		case COL_HUSH_STATUS:
			rc = scols_line_set_data(ln, n, get_status(user->hushed));
			break;
		case COL_PWD_WARN:
			rc = scols_line_set_data(ln, n, user->pwd_warn);
			break;
		case COL_PWD_EXPIR:
			rc = scols_line_set_data(ln, n, user->pwd_expire);
			break;
		case COL_PWD_CTIME:
			rc = scols_line_set_data(ln, n, user->pwd_ctime);
			break;
		case COL_PWD_CTIME_MIN:
			rc = scols_line_set_data(ln, n, user->pwd_ctime_min);
			break;
		case COL_PWD_CTIME_MAX:
			rc = scols_line_set_data(ln, n, user->pwd_ctime_max);
			break;
		case COL_SELINUX:
#ifdef HAVE_LIBSELINUX
			rc = scols_line_set_data(ln, n, user->context);
#endif
			break;
		case COL_NPROCS:
#ifdef __linux__

			rc = scols_line_set_data(ln, n, user->nprocs);
#endif
			break;
		default:
			/* something went very wrong here */
			err(EXIT_FAILURE, _("internal error: unknown column"));
		}

		if (rc)
			err(EXIT_FAILURE, _("failed to add output data"));
		++n;
	}
}
#ifdef HAVE_LIBSYSTEMD
static char *get_journal_data(sd_journal *j, const char *name)
{
	const char *data = NULL, *p;
	size_t len = 0;

	if (sd_journal_get_data(j, name, (const void **) &data, &len) < 0
	    || !data || !len)
		return NULL;

	/* Get rid of journal entry field identifiers */
	p = strnchr(data, len, '=');
	if (!p || !*(p + 1))
		return NULL;
	p++;

	return xstrndup(p, len - (p - data));
}

static void print_journal_tail(const char *journal_path, uid_t uid, size_t len, int time_mode)
{
	sd_journal *j;
	char *match;

	if (journal_path)
		sd_journal_open_directory(&j, journal_path, 0);
	else
		sd_journal_open(&j, SD_JOURNAL_LOCAL_ONLY);

	xasprintf(&match, "_UID=%d", uid);

	sd_journal_add_match(j, match, 0);
	sd_journal_seek_tail(j);
	sd_journal_previous_skip(j, len);

	do {
		char *id, *pid, *msg, *ts;
		uint64_t x;
		time_t t;

		sd_journal_get_realtime_usec(j, &x);
		t = x / 1000000;
		ts = make_time(time_mode, t);

		id = get_journal_data(j, "SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER");
		pid = get_journal_data(j, "_PID");
		msg = get_journal_data(j, "MESSAGE");

		if (ts && id && pid && msg)
			fprintf(stdout, "%s %s[%s]: %s\n", ts, id, pid, msg);

		free(ts);
		free(id);
		free(pid);
		free(msg);
	} while (sd_journal_next(j));

	free(match);
	sd_journal_flush_matches(j);
	sd_journal_close(j);
}
#endif

static int print_pretty(struct libscols_table *table)
{
	struct libscols_iter *itr = scols_new_iter(SCOLS_ITER_FORWARD);
	struct libscols_column *col;
	struct libscols_cell *data;
	struct libscols_line *ln;
	const char *hstr, *dstr;
	int n = 0;

	ln = scols_table_get_line(table, 0);
	while (!scols_table_next_column(table, itr, &col)) {

		data = scols_line_get_cell(ln, n);

		hstr = _(coldescs[columns[n]].pretty_name);
		dstr = scols_cell_get_data(data);

		if (dstr)
			printf("%s:%*c%-36s\n", hstr, 35 - (int)strlen(hstr), ' ', dstr);
		++n;
	}

	scols_free_iter(itr);
	return 0;

}

static int print_user_table(struct lslogins_control *ctl)
{
	tb = setup_table(ctl);
	if (!tb)
		return -1;

	twalk(ctl->usertree, fill_table);
	if (outmode == OUT_PRETTY) {
		print_pretty(tb);
#ifdef HAVE_LIBSYSTEMD
		fprintf(stdout, _("\nLast logs:\n"));
		print_journal_tail(ctl->journal_path, ctl->uid, 3, ctl->time_mode);
		fputc('\n', stdout);
#endif
	} else
		scols_print_table(tb);
	return 0;
}

static void free_user(void *f)
{
	struct lslogins_user *u = f;
	free(u->login);
	free(u->group);
	free(u->nprocs);
	free(u->gecos);
	free(u->sgroups);
	free(u->pwd_ctime);
	free(u->pwd_warn);
	free(u->pwd_ctime_min);
	free(u->pwd_ctime_max);
	free(u->last_login);
	free(u->last_tty);
	free(u->last_hostname);
	free(u->failed_login);
	free(u->failed_tty);
	free(u->homedir);
	free(u->shell);
	free(u->pwd_status);
#ifdef HAVE_LIBSELINUX
	freecon(u->context);
#endif
	free(u);
}

static int parse_time_mode(const char *s)
{
	struct lslogins_timefmt {
		const char *name;
		const int val;
	};
	static const struct lslogins_timefmt timefmts[] = {
		{"iso", TIME_ISO},
		{"full", TIME_FULL},
		{"short", TIME_SHORT},
	};
	size_t i;

	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(timefmts); i++) {
		if (strcmp(timefmts[i].name, s) == 0)
			return timefmts[i].val;
	}
	errx(EXIT_FAILURE, _("unknown time format: %s"), s);
}

static void __attribute__((__noreturn__)) usage(void)
{
	FILE *out = stdout;
	size_t i;

	fputs(USAGE_HEADER, out);
	fprintf(out, _(" %s [options] [<username>]\n"), program_invocation_short_name);

	fputs(USAGE_SEPARATOR, out);
	fputs(_("Display information about known users in the system.\n"), out);

	fputs(USAGE_OPTIONS, out);
	fputs(_(" -a, --acc-expiration     display info about passwords expiration\n"), out);
	fputs(_(" -c, --colon-separate     display data in a format similar to /etc/passwd\n"), out);
	fputs(_(" -e, --export             display in an export-able output format\n"), out);
	fputs(_(" -f, --failed             display data about the users' last failed logins\n"), out);
	fputs(_(" -G, --supp-groups        display information about groups\n"), out);
	fputs(_(" -g, --groups=<groups>    display users belonging to a group in <groups>\n"), out);
	fputs(_(" -L, --last               show info about the users' last login sessions\n"), out);
	fputs(_(" -l, --logins=<logins>    display only users from <logins>\n"), out);
	fputs(_(" -n, --newline            display each piece of information on a new line\n"), out);
	fputs(_("     --noheadings         don't print headings\n"), out);
	fputs(_("     --notruncate         don't truncate output\n"), out);
	fputs(_(" -o, --output[=<list>]    define the columns to output\n"), out);
	fputs(_("     --output-all         output all columns\n"), out);
	fputs(_(" -p, --pwd                display information related to login by password.\n"), out);
	fputs(_(" -r, --raw                display in raw mode\n"), out);
	fputs(_(" -s, --system-accs        display system accounts\n"), out);
	fputs(_("     --time-format=<type> display dates in short, full or iso format\n"), out);
	fputs(_(" -u, --user-accs          display user accounts\n"), out);
	fputs(_(" -y, --shell              use column names to be usable as shell variable identifiers\n"), out);
	fputs(_(" -Z, --context            display SELinux contexts\n"), out);
	fputs(_(" -z, --print0             delimit user entries with a nul character\n"), out);
	fputs(_("     --wtmp-file <path>   set an alternate path for wtmp\n"), out);
	fputs(_("     --btmp-file <path>   set an alternate path for btmp\n"), out);
	fputs(_("     --lastlog <path>     set an alternate path for lastlog\n"), out);
	fputs(USAGE_SEPARATOR, out);
	printf(USAGE_HELP_OPTIONS(26));

	fputs(USAGE_COLUMNS, out);
	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(coldescs); i++)
		fprintf(out, " %14s  %s\n", coldescs[i].name, _(coldescs[i].help));

	printf(USAGE_MAN_TAIL("lslogins(1)"));

	exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int c;
	char *logins = NULL, *groups = NULL, *outarg = NULL;
	char *path_lastlog = _PATH_LASTLOG, *path_wtmp = _PATH_WTMP, *path_btmp = _PATH_BTMP;
	struct lslogins_control *ctl = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lslogins_control));
	size_t i;

	/* long only options. */
	enum {
		OPT_WTMP = CHAR_MAX + 1,
		OPT_BTMP,
		OPT_LASTLOG,
		OPT_NOTRUNC,
		OPT_NOHEAD,
		OPT_TIME_FMT,
		OPT_OUTPUT_ALL,
	};

	static const struct option longopts[] = {
		{ "acc-expiration", no_argument,	0, 'a' },
		{ "colon-separate", no_argument,	0, 'c' },
		{ "export",         no_argument,	0, 'e' },
		{ "shell",          no_argument,        0, 'y' },
		{ "failed",         no_argument,	0, 'f' },
		{ "groups",         required_argument,	0, 'g' },
		{ "help",           no_argument,	0, 'h' },
		{ "logins",         required_argument,	0, 'l' },
		{ "supp-groups",    no_argument,	0, 'G' },
		{ "newline",        no_argument,	0, 'n' },
		{ "notruncate",     no_argument,	0, OPT_NOTRUNC },
		{ "noheadings",     no_argument,	0, OPT_NOHEAD },
		{ "output",         required_argument,	0, 'o' },
		{ "output-all",     no_argument,	0, OPT_OUTPUT_ALL },
		{ "last",           no_argument,	0, 'L', },
		{ "raw",            no_argument,	0, 'r' },
		{ "system-accs",    no_argument,	0, 's' },
		{ "time-format",    required_argument,	0, OPT_TIME_FMT },
		{ "user-accs",      no_argument,	0, 'u' },
		{ "version",        no_argument,	0, 'V' },
		{ "pwd",            no_argument,	0, 'p' },
		{ "print0",         no_argument,	0, 'z' },
		{ "wtmp-file",      required_argument,	0, OPT_WTMP },
		{ "btmp-file",      required_argument,	0, OPT_BTMP },
		{ "lastlog-file",   required_argument,	0, OPT_LASTLOG },
#ifdef HAVE_LIBSELINUX
		{ "context",        no_argument,	0, 'Z' },
#endif
		{ NULL,             0, 			0,  0  }
	};

	static const ul_excl_t excl[] = {	/* rows and cols in ASCII order */
		{ 'G', 'o' },
		{ 'L', 'o' },
		{ 'Z', 'o' },
		{ 'a', 'o' },
		{ 'c','n','r','z' },
		{ 'o', 'p' },
		{ 0 }
	};
	int excl_st[ARRAY_SIZE(excl)] = UL_EXCL_STATUS_INIT;

	setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
	bindtextdomain(PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
	textdomain(PACKAGE);
	close_stdout_atexit();

	ctl->time_mode = TIME_SHORT;

	/* very basic default */
	add_column(columns, ncolumns++, COL_UID);
	add_column(columns, ncolumns++, COL_USER);

	while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "acefGg:hLl:no:prsuVyzZ",
				longopts, NULL)) != -1) {

		err_exclusive_options(c, longopts, excl, excl_st);

		switch (c) {
		case 'a':
			add_column(columns, ncolumns++, COL_PWD_WARN);
			add_column(columns, ncolumns++, COL_PWD_CTIME_MIN);
			add_column(columns, ncolumns++, COL_PWD_CTIME_MAX);
			add_column(columns, ncolumns++, COL_PWD_CTIME);
			add_column(columns, ncolumns++, COL_PWD_EXPIR);
			break;
		case 'c':
			outmode = OUT_COLON;
			break;
		case 'e':
			outmode = OUT_EXPORT;
			break;
		case 'f':
			add_column(columns, ncolumns++, COL_FAILED_LOGIN);
			add_column(columns, ncolumns++, COL_FAILED_TTY);
			break;
		case 'G':
			add_column(columns, ncolumns++, COL_GID);
			add_column(columns, ncolumns++, COL_GROUP);
			add_column(columns, ncolumns++, COL_SGIDS);
			add_column(columns, ncolumns++, COL_SGROUPS);
			break;
		case 'g':
			groups = optarg;
			break;
		case 'h':
			usage();
			break;
		case 'L':
			add_column(columns, ncolumns++, COL_LAST_TTY);
			add_column(columns, ncolumns++, COL_LAST_HOSTNAME);
			add_column(columns, ncolumns++, COL_LAST_LOGIN);
			break;
		case 'l':
			logins = optarg;
			break;
		case 'n':
			outmode = OUT_NEWLINE;
			break;
		case 'o':
			if (*optarg == '=')
				optarg++;
			outarg = optarg;
			break;
		case OPT_OUTPUT_ALL:
			for (ncolumns = 0; ncolumns < ARRAY_SIZE(coldescs); ncolumns++)
				columns[ncolumns] = ncolumns;
			break;
		case 'r':
			outmode = OUT_RAW;
			break;
		case 's':
			ctl->SYS_UID_MIN = getlogindefs_num("SYS_UID_MIN", UL_SYS_UID_MIN);
			ctl->SYS_UID_MAX = getlogindefs_num("SYS_UID_MAX", UL_SYS_UID_MAX);
			lslogins_flag |= F_SYSAC;
			break;
		case 'u':
			ctl->UID_MIN = getlogindefs_num("UID_MIN", UL_UID_MIN);
			ctl->UID_MAX = getlogindefs_num("UID_MAX", UL_UID_MAX);
			lslogins_flag |= F_USRAC;
			break;
		case 'p':
			add_column(columns, ncolumns++, COL_PWDEMPTY);
			add_column(columns, ncolumns++, COL_PWDLOCK);
			add_column(columns, ncolumns++, COL_PWDDENY);
			add_column(columns, ncolumns++, COL_NOLOGIN);
			add_column(columns, ncolumns++, COL_HUSH_STATUS);
			add_column(columns, ncolumns++, COL_PWDMETHOD);
			break;
		case 'y':
			ctl->shellvar = 1;
			break;
		case 'z':
			outmode = OUT_NUL;
			break;
		case OPT_LASTLOG:
			path_lastlog = optarg;
			break;
		case OPT_WTMP:
			path_wtmp = optarg;
			break;
		case OPT_BTMP:
			path_btmp = optarg;
			break;
		case OPT_NOTRUNC:
			ctl->notrunc = 1;
			break;
		case OPT_NOHEAD:
			ctl->noheadings = 1;
			break;
		case OPT_TIME_FMT:
			ctl->time_mode = parse_time_mode(optarg);
			break;
		case 'V':
			print_version(EXIT_SUCCESS);
		case 'Z':
		{
#ifdef HAVE_LIBSELINUX
			int sl = is_selinux_enabled();
			if (sl < 0)
				warn(_("failed to request selinux state"));
			else
				ctl->selinux_enabled = sl == 1;
#endif
			add_column(columns, ncolumns++, COL_SELINUX);
			break;
		}
		default:
			errtryhelp(EXIT_FAILURE);
		}
	}

	if (argc - optind == 1) {
		if (strchr(argv[optind], ','))
			errx(EXIT_FAILURE, _("Only one user may be specified. Use -l for multiple users."));
		logins = argv[optind];
		outmode = OUT_PRETTY;
		ctl->fail_on_unknown = 1;
	} else if (argc != optind)
		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, _("Only one user may be specified. Use -l for multiple users."));

	scols_init_debug(0);

	/* lslogins -u -s == lslogins */
	if (lslogins_flag & F_USRAC && lslogins_flag & F_SYSAC)
		lslogins_flag &= ~(F_USRAC | F_SYSAC);

	if (outmode == OUT_PRETTY) {
		/* all columns for lslogins <username> */
		for (ncolumns = 0, i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(coldescs); i++)
			 columns[ncolumns++] = i;

	} else if (ncolumns == 2) {
		/* default columns */
#ifdef __linux__
		add_column(columns, ncolumns++, COL_NPROCS);
#endif
		add_column(columns, ncolumns++, COL_PWDLOCK);
		add_column(columns, ncolumns++, COL_PWDDENY);
		add_column(columns, ncolumns++, COL_LAST_LOGIN);
		add_column(columns, ncolumns++, COL_GECOS);
	}

	if (outarg && string_add_to_idarray(outarg, columns, ARRAY_SIZE(columns),
					 &ncolumns, column_name_to_id) < 0)
		return EXIT_FAILURE;

	if (require_wtmp()) {
		parse_utmpx(path_wtmp, &ctl->wtmp_size, &ctl->wtmp);
		ctl->lastlogin_fd = open(path_lastlog, O_RDONLY, 0);
	}
	if (require_btmp())
		parse_utmpx(path_btmp, &ctl->btmp_size, &ctl->btmp);

	if (logins || groups)
		get_ulist(ctl, logins, groups);

	if (create_usertree(ctl))
		return EXIT_FAILURE;

	print_user_table(ctl);

	scols_unref_table(tb);
	tdestroy(ctl->usertree, free_user);

	if (ctl->lastlogin_fd >= 0)
		close(ctl->lastlogin_fd);
	free_ctl(ctl);

	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}