Adding upstream version 2:9.1.0016.upstream/2%9.1.0016

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 9965 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/ex_docmd.c b/src/ex_docmd.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c18a910
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ex_docmd.c
@@ -0,0 +1,9965 @@
+/* vi:set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 noet:
+ *
+ * VIM - Vi IMproved	by Bram Moolenaar
+ *
+ * Do ":help uganda"  in Vim to read copying and usage conditions.
+ * Do ":help credits" in Vim to see a list of people who contributed.
+ * See README.txt for an overview of the Vim source code.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * ex_docmd.c: functions for executing an Ex command line.
+ */
+
+#include "vim.h"
+
+static int	quitmore = 0;
+static int	ex_pressedreturn = FALSE;
+#ifndef FEAT_PRINTER
+# define ex_hardcopy	ex_ni
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+static char_u	*do_one_cmd(char_u **, int, cstack_T *, char_u *(*fgetline)(int, void *, int, getline_opt_T), void *cookie);
+#else
+static char_u	*do_one_cmd(char_u **, int, char_u *(*fgetline)(int, void *, int, getline_opt_T), void *cookie);
+static int	if_level = 0;		// depth in :if
+#endif
+static void	append_command(char_u *cmd);
+
+#ifndef FEAT_MENU
+# define ex_emenu		ex_ni
+# define ex_menu		ex_ni
+# define ex_menutranslate	ex_ni
+#endif
+static void	ex_autocmd(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_doautocmd(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_bunload(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_buffer(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_bmodified(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_bnext(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_bprevious(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_brewind(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_blast(exarg_T *eap);
+static char_u	*getargcmd(char_u **);
+static int	getargopt(exarg_T *eap);
+#ifndef FEAT_QUICKFIX
+# define ex_make		ex_ni
+# define ex_cbuffer		ex_ni
+# define ex_cc			ex_ni
+# define ex_cnext		ex_ni
+# define ex_cbelow		ex_ni
+# define ex_cfile		ex_ni
+# define qf_list		ex_ni
+# define qf_age			ex_ni
+# define qf_history		ex_ni
+# define ex_helpgrep		ex_ni
+# define ex_vimgrep		ex_ni
+# define ex_cclose		ex_ni
+# define ex_copen		ex_ni
+# define ex_cwindow		ex_ni
+# define ex_cbottom		ex_ni
+#endif
+#if !defined(FEAT_QUICKFIX) || !defined(FEAT_EVAL)
+# define ex_cexpr		ex_ni
+#endif
+
+static linenr_T default_address(exarg_T *eap);
+static linenr_T get_address(exarg_T *, char_u **, cmd_addr_T addr_type, int skip, int silent, int to_other_file, int address_count);
+static void address_default_all(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	get_flags(exarg_T *eap);
+#if !defined(FEAT_PERL) \
+	|| !defined(FEAT_PYTHON) || !defined(FEAT_PYTHON3) \
+	|| !defined(FEAT_TCL) \
+	|| !defined(FEAT_RUBY) \
+	|| !defined(FEAT_LUA) \
+	|| !defined(FEAT_MZSCHEME)
+# define HAVE_EX_SCRIPT_NI
+static void	ex_script_ni(exarg_T *eap);
+#endif
+static char	*invalid_range(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	correct_range(exarg_T *eap);
+#ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
+static char_u	*replace_makeprg(exarg_T *eap, char_u *p, char_u **cmdlinep);
+#endif
+static char_u	*repl_cmdline(exarg_T *eap, char_u *src, int srclen, char_u *repl, char_u **cmdlinep);
+static void	ex_highlight(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_colorscheme(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_cquit(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_quit_all(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_close(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_win_close(int forceit, win_T *win, tabpage_T *tp);
+static void	ex_only(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_resize(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_stag(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_tabclose(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_tabonly(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_tabnext(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_tabmove(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_tabs(exarg_T *eap);
+#if defined(FEAT_QUICKFIX)
+static void	ex_pclose(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_ptag(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_pedit(exarg_T *eap);
+#else
+# define ex_pclose		ex_ni
+# define ex_ptag		ex_ni
+# define ex_pedit		ex_ni
+#endif
+static void	ex_hide(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_exit(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_print(exarg_T *eap);
+#ifdef FEAT_BYTEOFF
+static void	ex_goto(exarg_T *eap);
+#else
+# define ex_goto		ex_ni
+#endif
+static void	ex_shell(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_preserve(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_recover(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_mode(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_wrongmodifier(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_find(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_open(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_edit(exarg_T *eap);
+#ifndef FEAT_GUI
+# define ex_gui			ex_nogui
+static void	ex_nogui(exarg_T *eap);
+#endif
+#if defined(FEAT_GUI_MSWIN) && defined(FEAT_MENU) && defined(FEAT_TEAROFF)
+static void	ex_tearoff(exarg_T *eap);
+#else
+# define ex_tearoff		ex_ni
+#endif
+#if (defined(FEAT_GUI_MSWIN) || defined(FEAT_GUI_GTK) \
+	|| defined(FEAT_TERM_POPUP_MENU)) && defined(FEAT_MENU)
+static void	ex_popup(exarg_T *eap);
+#else
+# define ex_popup		ex_ni
+#endif
+#ifndef FEAT_GUI_MSWIN
+# define ex_simalt		ex_ni
+#endif
+#if !defined(FEAT_GUI_MSWIN) && !defined(FEAT_GUI_GTK) && !defined(FEAT_GUI_MOTIF)
+# define gui_mch_find_dialog	ex_ni
+# define gui_mch_replace_dialog ex_ni
+#endif
+#if !defined(FEAT_GUI_GTK)
+# define ex_helpfind		ex_ni
+#endif
+#ifndef FEAT_CSCOPE
+# define ex_cscope		ex_ni
+# define ex_scscope		ex_ni
+# define ex_cstag		ex_ni
+#endif
+#ifndef FEAT_SYN_HL
+# define ex_syntax		ex_ni
+# define ex_ownsyntax		ex_ni
+#endif
+#if !defined(FEAT_SYN_HL) || !defined(FEAT_PROFILE)
+# define ex_syntime		ex_ni
+#endif
+#ifndef FEAT_SPELL
+# define ex_spell		ex_ni
+# define ex_mkspell		ex_ni
+# define ex_spelldump		ex_ni
+# define ex_spellinfo		ex_ni
+# define ex_spellrepall		ex_ni
+#endif
+#ifndef FEAT_PERSISTENT_UNDO
+# define ex_rundo		ex_ni
+# define ex_wundo		ex_ni
+#endif
+#ifndef FEAT_LUA
+# define ex_lua			ex_script_ni
+# define ex_luado		ex_ni
+# define ex_luafile		ex_ni
+#endif
+#ifndef FEAT_MZSCHEME
+# define ex_mzscheme		ex_script_ni
+# define ex_mzfile		ex_ni
+#endif
+#ifndef FEAT_PERL
+# define ex_perl		ex_script_ni
+# define ex_perldo		ex_ni
+#endif
+#ifndef FEAT_PYTHON
+# define ex_python		ex_script_ni
+# define ex_pydo		ex_ni
+# define ex_pyfile		ex_ni
+#endif
+#ifndef FEAT_PYTHON3
+# define ex_py3			ex_script_ni
+# define ex_py3do		ex_ni
+# define ex_py3file		ex_ni
+#endif
+#if !defined(FEAT_PYTHON) && !defined(FEAT_PYTHON3)
+# define ex_pyx			ex_script_ni
+# define ex_pyxdo		ex_ni
+# define ex_pyxfile		ex_ni
+#endif
+#ifndef FEAT_TCL
+# define ex_tcl			ex_script_ni
+# define ex_tcldo		ex_ni
+# define ex_tclfile		ex_ni
+#endif
+#ifndef FEAT_RUBY
+# define ex_ruby		ex_script_ni
+# define ex_rubydo		ex_ni
+# define ex_rubyfile		ex_ni
+#endif
+#ifndef FEAT_KEYMAP
+# define ex_loadkeymap		ex_ni
+#endif
+static void	ex_swapname(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_syncbind(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_read(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_pwd(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_equal(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_sleep(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_winsize(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_wincmd(exarg_T *eap);
+#if defined(FEAT_GUI) || defined(UNIX) || defined(VMS) || defined(MSWIN)
+static void	ex_winpos(exarg_T *eap);
+#else
+# define ex_winpos	    ex_ni
+#endif
+static void	ex_operators(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_put(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_copymove(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_submagic(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_join(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_at(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_bang(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_undo(exarg_T *eap);
+#ifdef FEAT_PERSISTENT_UNDO
+static void	ex_wundo(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_rundo(exarg_T *eap);
+#endif
+static void	ex_redo(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_later(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_redir(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_redrawstatus(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_redrawtabline(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	close_redir(void);
+static void	ex_mark(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_startinsert(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_stopinsert(exarg_T *eap);
+#ifdef FEAT_FIND_ID
+static void	ex_checkpath(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_findpat(exarg_T *eap);
+#else
+# define ex_findpat		ex_ni
+# define ex_checkpath		ex_ni
+#endif
+#if defined(FEAT_FIND_ID) && defined(FEAT_QUICKFIX)
+static void	ex_psearch(exarg_T *eap);
+#else
+# define ex_psearch		ex_ni
+#endif
+static void	ex_tag(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_tag_cmd(exarg_T *eap, char_u *name);
+#ifndef FEAT_EVAL
+# define ex_block		ex_ni
+# define ex_break		ex_ni
+# define ex_breakadd		ex_ni
+# define ex_breakdel		ex_ni
+# define ex_breaklist		ex_ni
+# define ex_call		ex_ni
+# define ex_catch		ex_ni
+# define ex_class		ex_ni
+# define ex_compiler		ex_ni
+# define ex_continue		ex_ni
+# define ex_debug		ex_ni
+# define ex_debuggreedy		ex_ni
+# define ex_defcompile		ex_ni
+# define ex_delfunction		ex_ni
+# define ex_disassemble		ex_ni
+# define ex_echo		ex_ni
+# define ex_echohl		ex_ni
+# define ex_else		ex_ni
+# define ex_endblock		ex_ni
+# define ex_endfunction		ex_ni
+# define ex_endif		ex_ni
+# define ex_endtry		ex_ni
+# define ex_endwhile		ex_ni
+# define ex_enum		ex_ni
+# define ex_eval		ex_ni
+# define ex_execute		ex_ni
+# define ex_finally		ex_ni
+# define ex_incdec		ex_ni
+# define ex_finish		ex_ni
+# define ex_function		ex_ni
+# define ex_if			ex_ni
+# define ex_let			ex_ni
+# define ex_var			ex_ni
+# define ex_lockvar		ex_ni
+# define ex_oldfiles		ex_ni
+# define ex_options		ex_ni
+# define ex_packadd		ex_ni
+# define ex_packloadall		ex_ni
+# define ex_return		ex_ni
+# define ex_scriptnames		ex_ni
+# define ex_throw		ex_ni
+# define ex_try			ex_ni
+# define ex_type		ex_ni
+# define ex_unlet		ex_ni
+# define ex_while		ex_ni
+# define ex_import		ex_ni
+# define ex_export		ex_ni
+#endif
+#ifndef FEAT_SESSION
+# define ex_loadview		ex_ni
+#endif
+#ifndef FEAT_VIMINFO
+# define ex_viminfo		ex_ni
+#endif
+static void	ex_behave(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_filetype(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_setfiletype(exarg_T *eap);
+#ifndef FEAT_DIFF
+# define ex_diffoff		ex_ni
+# define ex_diffpatch		ex_ni
+# define ex_diffgetput		ex_ni
+# define ex_diffsplit		ex_ni
+# define ex_diffthis		ex_ni
+# define ex_diffupdate		ex_ni
+#endif
+static void	ex_digraphs(exarg_T *eap);
+#ifdef FEAT_SEARCH_EXTRA
+static void	ex_nohlsearch(exarg_T *eap);
+#else
+# define ex_nohlsearch		ex_ni
+# define ex_match		ex_ni
+#endif
+#ifdef FEAT_CRYPT
+static void	ex_X(exarg_T *eap);
+#else
+# define ex_X			ex_ni
+#endif
+#ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
+static void	ex_fold(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_foldopen(exarg_T *eap);
+static void	ex_folddo(exarg_T *eap);
+#else
+# define ex_fold		ex_ni
+# define ex_foldopen		ex_ni
+# define ex_folddo		ex_ni
+#endif
+#if !(defined(HAVE_LOCALE_H) || defined(X_LOCALE))
+# define ex_language		ex_ni
+#endif
+#ifndef FEAT_SIGNS
+# define ex_sign		ex_ni
+#endif
+#ifndef FEAT_NETBEANS_INTG
+# define ex_nbclose		ex_ni
+# define ex_nbkey		ex_ni
+# define ex_nbstart		ex_ni
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FEAT_PROFILE
+# define ex_profile		ex_ni
+#endif
+#ifndef FEAT_TERMINAL
+# define ex_terminal		ex_ni
+#endif
+#if !defined(FEAT_X11) || !defined(FEAT_XCLIPBOARD)
+# define ex_xrestore		ex_ni
+#endif
+#if !defined(FEAT_PROP_POPUP)
+# define ex_popupclear		ex_ni
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Declare cmdnames[].
+ */
+#define DO_DECLARE_EXCMD
+#include "ex_cmds.h"
+#include "ex_cmdidxs.h"
+
+static char_u dollar_command[2] = {'$', 0};
+
+
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+// Struct for storing a line inside a while/for loop
+typedef struct
+{
+    char_u	*line;		// command line
+    linenr_T	lnum;		// sourcing_lnum of the line
+} wcmd_T;
+
+/*
+ * Structure used to store info for line position in a while or for loop.
+ * This is required, because do_one_cmd() may invoke ex_function(), which
+ * reads more lines that may come from the while/for loop.
+ */
+struct loop_cookie
+{
+    garray_T	*lines_gap;		// growarray with line info
+    int		current_line;		// last read line from growarray
+    int		repeating;		// TRUE when looping a second time
+    // When "repeating" is FALSE use "getline" and "cookie" to get lines
+    char_u	*(*lc_getline)(int, void *, int, getline_opt_T);
+    void	*cookie;
+};
+
+static char_u	*get_loop_line(int c, void *cookie, int indent, getline_opt_T options);
+static int	store_loop_line(garray_T *gap, char_u *line);
+static void	free_cmdlines(garray_T *gap);
+
+// Struct to save a few things while debugging.  Used in do_cmdline() only.
+struct dbg_stuff
+{
+    int		trylevel;
+    int		force_abort;
+    except_T	*caught_stack;
+    char_u	*vv_exception;
+    char_u	*vv_throwpoint;
+    int		did_emsg;
+    int		got_int;
+    int		did_throw;
+    int		need_rethrow;
+    int		check_cstack;
+    except_T	*current_exception;
+};
+
+    static void
+save_dbg_stuff(struct dbg_stuff *dsp)
+{
+    dsp->trylevel	= trylevel;		trylevel = 0;
+    dsp->force_abort	= force_abort;		force_abort = FALSE;
+    dsp->caught_stack	= caught_stack;		caught_stack = NULL;
+    dsp->vv_exception	= v_exception(NULL);
+    dsp->vv_throwpoint	= v_throwpoint(NULL);
+
+    // Necessary for debugging an inactive ":catch", ":finally", ":endtry"
+    dsp->did_emsg	= did_emsg;		did_emsg     = FALSE;
+    dsp->got_int	= got_int;		got_int	     = FALSE;
+    dsp->did_throw	= did_throw;		did_throw    = FALSE;
+    dsp->need_rethrow	= need_rethrow;		need_rethrow = FALSE;
+    dsp->check_cstack	= check_cstack;		check_cstack = FALSE;
+    dsp->current_exception = current_exception;	current_exception = NULL;
+}
+
+    static void
+restore_dbg_stuff(struct dbg_stuff *dsp)
+{
+    suppress_errthrow = FALSE;
+    trylevel = dsp->trylevel;
+    force_abort = dsp->force_abort;
+    caught_stack = dsp->caught_stack;
+    (void)v_exception(dsp->vv_exception);
+    (void)v_throwpoint(dsp->vv_throwpoint);
+    did_emsg = dsp->did_emsg;
+    got_int = dsp->got_int;
+    did_throw = dsp->did_throw;
+    need_rethrow = dsp->need_rethrow;
+    check_cstack = dsp->check_cstack;
+    current_exception = dsp->current_exception;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * do_exmode(): Repeatedly get commands for the "Ex" mode, until the ":vi"
+ * command is given.
+ */
+    void
+do_exmode(
+    int		improved)	    // TRUE for "improved Ex" mode
+{
+    int		save_msg_scroll;
+    int		prev_msg_row;
+    linenr_T	prev_line;
+    varnumber_T	changedtick;
+
+    if (improved)
+	exmode_active = EXMODE_VIM;
+    else
+	exmode_active = EXMODE_NORMAL;
+    State = MODE_NORMAL;
+    may_trigger_modechanged();
+
+    // When using ":global /pat/ visual" and then "Q" we return to continue
+    // the :global command.
+    if (global_busy)
+	return;
+
+    save_msg_scroll = msg_scroll;
+    ++RedrawingDisabled;	    // don't redisplay the window
+    ++no_wait_return;		    // don't wait for return
+#ifdef FEAT_GUI
+    // Ignore scrollbar and mouse events in Ex mode
+    ++hold_gui_events;
+#endif
+
+    msg(_("Entering Ex mode.  Type \"visual\" to go to Normal mode."));
+    while (exmode_active)
+    {
+	// Check for a ":normal" command and no more characters left.
+	if (ex_normal_busy > 0 && typebuf.tb_len == 0)
+	{
+	    exmode_active = FALSE;
+	    break;
+	}
+	msg_scroll = TRUE;
+	need_wait_return = FALSE;
+	ex_pressedreturn = FALSE;
+	ex_no_reprint = FALSE;
+	changedtick = CHANGEDTICK(curbuf);
+	prev_msg_row = msg_row;
+	prev_line = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
+	if (improved)
+	{
+	    cmdline_row = msg_row;
+	    do_cmdline(NULL, getexline, NULL, 0);
+	}
+	else
+	    do_cmdline(NULL, getexmodeline, NULL, DOCMD_NOWAIT);
+	lines_left = Rows - 1;
+
+	if ((prev_line != curwin->w_cursor.lnum
+		   || changedtick != CHANGEDTICK(curbuf)) && !ex_no_reprint)
+	{
+	    if (curbuf->b_ml.ml_flags & ML_EMPTY)
+		emsg(_(e_empty_buffer));
+	    else
+	    {
+		if (ex_pressedreturn)
+		{
+		    // go up one line, to overwrite the ":<CR>" line, so the
+		    // output doesn't contain empty lines.
+		    msg_row = prev_msg_row;
+		    if (prev_msg_row == Rows - 1)
+			msg_row--;
+		}
+		msg_col = 0;
+		print_line_no_prefix(curwin->w_cursor.lnum, FALSE, FALSE);
+		msg_clr_eos();
+	    }
+	}
+	else if (ex_pressedreturn && !ex_no_reprint)	// must be at EOF
+	{
+	    if (curbuf->b_ml.ml_flags & ML_EMPTY)
+		emsg(_(e_empty_buffer));
+	    else
+		emsg(_(e_at_end_of_file));
+	}
+    }
+
+#ifdef FEAT_GUI
+    --hold_gui_events;
+#endif
+    if (RedrawingDisabled > 0)
+	--RedrawingDisabled;
+    --no_wait_return;
+    update_screen(UPD_CLEAR);
+    need_wait_return = FALSE;
+    msg_scroll = save_msg_scroll;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Print the executed command for when 'verbose' is set.
+ * When "lnum" is 0 only print the command.
+ */
+    static void
+msg_verbose_cmd(linenr_T lnum, char_u *cmd)
+{
+    ++no_wait_return;
+    verbose_enter_scroll();
+
+    if (lnum == 0)
+	smsg(_("Executing: %s"), cmd);
+    else
+	smsg(_("line %ld: %s"), (long)lnum, cmd);
+    if (msg_silent == 0)
+	msg_puts("\n");   // don't overwrite this
+
+    verbose_leave_scroll();
+    --no_wait_return;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Execute a simple command line.  Used for translated commands like "*".
+ */
+    int
+do_cmdline_cmd(char_u *cmd)
+{
+    return do_cmdline(cmd, NULL, NULL,
+				   DOCMD_VERBOSE|DOCMD_NOWAIT|DOCMD_KEYTYPED);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Execute the "+cmd" argument of "edit +cmd fname" and the like.
+ * This allows for using a range without ":" in Vim9 script.
+ */
+    static int
+do_cmd_argument(char_u *cmd)
+{
+    return do_cmdline(cmd, NULL, NULL,
+		      DOCMD_VERBOSE|DOCMD_NOWAIT|DOCMD_KEYTYPED|DOCMD_RANGEOK);
+}
+
+/*
+ * do_cmdline(): execute one Ex command line
+ *
+ * 1. Execute "cmdline" when it is not NULL.
+ *    If "cmdline" is NULL, or more lines are needed, fgetline() is used.
+ * 2. Split up in parts separated with '|'.
+ *
+ * This function can be called recursively!
+ *
+ * flags:
+ * DOCMD_VERBOSE  - The command will be included in the error message.
+ * DOCMD_NOWAIT   - Don't call wait_return() and friends.
+ * DOCMD_REPEAT   - Repeat execution until fgetline() returns NULL.
+ * DOCMD_KEYTYPED - Don't reset KeyTyped.
+ * DOCMD_EXCRESET - Reset the exception environment (used for debugging).
+ * DOCMD_KEEPLINE - Store first typed line (for repeating with ".").
+ *
+ * return FAIL if cmdline could not be executed, OK otherwise
+ */
+    int
+do_cmdline(
+    char_u	*cmdline,
+    char_u	*(*fgetline)(int, void *, int, getline_opt_T),
+    void	*cookie,		// argument for fgetline()
+    int		flags)
+{
+    char_u	*next_cmdline;		// next cmd to execute
+    char_u	*cmdline_copy = NULL;	// copy of cmd line
+    int		used_getline = FALSE;	// used "fgetline" to obtain command
+    static int	recursive = 0;		// recursive depth
+    int		msg_didout_before_start = 0;
+    int		count = 0;		// line number count
+    int		did_inc_RedrawingDisabled = FALSE;
+    int		retval = OK;
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    cstack_T	cstack;			// conditional stack
+    garray_T	lines_ga;		// keep lines for ":while"/":for"
+    int		current_line = 0;	// active line in lines_ga
+    int		current_line_before = 0;
+    char_u	*fname = NULL;		// function or script name
+    linenr_T	*breakpoint = NULL;	// ptr to breakpoint field in cookie
+    int		*dbg_tick = NULL;	// ptr to dbg_tick field in cookie
+    struct dbg_stuff debug_saved;	// saved things for debug mode
+    int		initial_trylevel;
+    msglist_T	**saved_msg_list = NULL;
+    msglist_T	*private_msg_list = NULL;
+
+    // "fgetline" and "cookie" passed to do_one_cmd()
+    char_u	*(*cmd_getline)(int, void *, int, getline_opt_T);
+    void	*cmd_cookie;
+    struct loop_cookie cmd_loop_cookie;
+    void	*real_cookie;
+    int		getline_is_func;
+#else
+# define cmd_getline fgetline
+# define cmd_cookie cookie
+#endif
+    static int	call_depth = 0;		// recursiveness
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    // For every pair of do_cmdline()/do_one_cmd() calls, use an extra memory
+    // location for storing error messages to be converted to an exception.
+    // This ensures that the do_errthrow() call in do_one_cmd() does not
+    // combine the messages stored by an earlier invocation of do_one_cmd()
+    // with the command name of the later one.  This would happen when
+    // BufWritePost autocommands are executed after a write error.
+    saved_msg_list = msg_list;
+    msg_list = &private_msg_list;
+#endif
+
+    // It's possible to create an endless loop with ":execute", catch that
+    // here.  The value of 200 allows nested function calls, ":source", etc.
+    // Allow 200 or 'maxfuncdepth', whatever is larger.
+    if (call_depth >= 200
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	    && call_depth >= p_mfd
+#endif
+	    )
+    {
+	emsg(_(e_command_too_recursive));
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	// When converting to an exception, we do not include the command name
+	// since this is not an error of the specific command.
+	do_errthrow((cstack_T *)NULL, (char_u *)NULL);
+	msg_list = saved_msg_list;
+#endif
+	return FAIL;
+    }
+    ++call_depth;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    CLEAR_FIELD(cstack);
+    cstack.cs_idx = -1;
+    ga_init2(&lines_ga, sizeof(wcmd_T), 10);
+
+    real_cookie = getline_cookie(fgetline, cookie);
+
+    // Inside a function use a higher nesting level.
+    getline_is_func = getline_equal(fgetline, cookie, get_func_line);
+    if (getline_is_func && ex_nesting_level == func_level(real_cookie))
+	++ex_nesting_level;
+
+    // Get the function or script name and the address where the next breakpoint
+    // line and the debug tick for a function or script are stored.
+    if (getline_is_func)
+    {
+	fname = func_name(real_cookie);
+	breakpoint = func_breakpoint(real_cookie);
+	dbg_tick = func_dbg_tick(real_cookie);
+    }
+    else if (getline_equal(fgetline, cookie, getsourceline))
+    {
+	fname = SOURCING_NAME;
+	breakpoint = source_breakpoint(real_cookie);
+	dbg_tick = source_dbg_tick(real_cookie);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Initialize "force_abort"  and "suppress_errthrow" at the top level.
+     */
+    if (!recursive)
+    {
+	force_abort = FALSE;
+	suppress_errthrow = FALSE;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * If requested, store and reset the global values controlling the
+     * exception handling (used when debugging).  Otherwise clear it to avoid
+     * a bogus compiler warning when the optimizer uses inline functions...
+     */
+    if (flags & DOCMD_EXCRESET)
+	save_dbg_stuff(&debug_saved);
+    else
+	CLEAR_FIELD(debug_saved);
+
+    initial_trylevel = trylevel;
+
+    /*
+     * "did_throw" will be set to TRUE when an exception is being thrown.
+     */
+    did_throw = FALSE;
+#endif
+    /*
+     * "did_emsg" will be set to TRUE when emsg() is used, in which case we
+     * cancel the whole command line, and any if/endif or loop.
+     * If force_abort is set, we cancel everything.
+     */
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    did_emsg_cumul += did_emsg;
+#endif
+    did_emsg = FALSE;
+
+    /*
+     * KeyTyped is only set when calling vgetc().  Reset it here when not
+     * calling vgetc() (sourced command lines).
+     */
+    if (!(flags & DOCMD_KEYTYPED)
+			       && !getline_equal(fgetline, cookie, getexline))
+	KeyTyped = FALSE;
+
+    /*
+     * Continue executing command lines:
+     * - when inside an ":if", ":while" or ":for"
+     * - for multiple commands on one line, separated with '|'
+     * - when repeating until there are no more lines (for ":source")
+     */
+    next_cmdline = cmdline;
+    do
+    {
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	getline_is_func = getline_equal(fgetline, cookie, get_func_line);
+#endif
+
+	// stop skipping cmds for an error msg after all endif/while/for
+	if (next_cmdline == NULL
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+		&& !force_abort
+		&& cstack.cs_idx < 0
+		&& !(getline_is_func && func_has_abort(real_cookie))
+#endif
+							)
+	{
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	    did_emsg_cumul += did_emsg;
+#endif
+	    did_emsg = FALSE;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * 1. If repeating a line in a loop, get a line from lines_ga.
+	 * 2. If no line given: Get an allocated line with fgetline().
+	 * 3. If a line is given: Make a copy, so we can mess with it.
+	 */
+
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	// 1. If repeating, get a previous line from lines_ga.
+	if (cstack.cs_looplevel > 0 && current_line < lines_ga.ga_len)
+	{
+	    // Each '|' separated command is stored separately in lines_ga, to
+	    // be able to jump to it.  Don't use next_cmdline now.
+	    VIM_CLEAR(cmdline_copy);
+
+	    // Check if a function has returned or, unless it has an unclosed
+	    // try conditional, aborted.
+	    if (getline_is_func)
+	    {
+# ifdef FEAT_PROFILE
+		if (do_profiling == PROF_YES)
+		    func_line_end(real_cookie);
+# endif
+		if (func_has_ended(real_cookie))
+		{
+		    retval = FAIL;
+		    break;
+		}
+	    }
+#ifdef FEAT_PROFILE
+	    else if (do_profiling == PROF_YES
+			    && getline_equal(fgetline, cookie, getsourceline))
+		script_line_end();
+#endif
+
+	    // Check if a sourced file hit a ":finish" command.
+	    if (source_finished(fgetline, cookie))
+	    {
+		retval = FAIL;
+		break;
+	    }
+
+	    // If breakpoints have been added/deleted need to check for it.
+	    if (breakpoint != NULL && dbg_tick != NULL
+						   && *dbg_tick != debug_tick)
+	    {
+		*breakpoint = dbg_find_breakpoint(
+				getline_equal(fgetline, cookie, getsourceline),
+							fname, SOURCING_LNUM);
+		*dbg_tick = debug_tick;
+	    }
+
+	    next_cmdline = ((wcmd_T *)(lines_ga.ga_data))[current_line].line;
+	    SOURCING_LNUM = ((wcmd_T *)(lines_ga.ga_data))[current_line].lnum;
+
+	    // Did we encounter a breakpoint?
+	    if (breakpoint != NULL && *breakpoint != 0
+					      && *breakpoint <= SOURCING_LNUM)
+	    {
+		dbg_breakpoint(fname, SOURCING_LNUM);
+		// Find next breakpoint.
+		*breakpoint = dbg_find_breakpoint(
+			       getline_equal(fgetline, cookie, getsourceline),
+							fname, SOURCING_LNUM);
+		*dbg_tick = debug_tick;
+	    }
+# ifdef FEAT_PROFILE
+	    if (do_profiling == PROF_YES)
+	    {
+		if (getline_is_func)
+		    func_line_start(real_cookie, SOURCING_LNUM);
+		else if (getline_equal(fgetline, cookie, getsourceline))
+		    script_line_start();
+	    }
+# endif
+	}
+#endif
+
+	// 2. If no line given, get an allocated line with fgetline().
+	if (next_cmdline == NULL)
+	{
+	    /*
+	     * Need to set msg_didout for the first line after an ":if",
+	     * otherwise the ":if" will be overwritten.
+	     */
+	    if (count == 1 && getline_equal(fgetline, cookie, getexline))
+		msg_didout = TRUE;
+	    if (fgetline == NULL || (next_cmdline = fgetline(':', cookie,
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+		    cstack.cs_idx < 0 ? 0 : (cstack.cs_idx + 1) * 2
+#else
+		    0
+#endif
+		    , in_vim9script() ? GETLINE_CONCAT_CONTBAR
+					       : GETLINE_CONCAT_CONT)) == NULL)
+	    {
+		// Don't call wait_return() for aborted command line.  The NULL
+		// returned for the end of a sourced file or executed function
+		// doesn't do this.
+		if (KeyTyped && !(flags & DOCMD_REPEAT))
+		    need_wait_return = FALSE;
+		retval = FAIL;
+		break;
+	    }
+	    used_getline = TRUE;
+
+	    /*
+	     * Keep the first typed line.  Clear it when more lines are typed.
+	     */
+	    if (flags & DOCMD_KEEPLINE)
+	    {
+		vim_free(repeat_cmdline);
+		if (count == 0)
+		    repeat_cmdline = vim_strsave(next_cmdline);
+		else
+		    repeat_cmdline = NULL;
+	    }
+	}
+
+	// 3. Make a copy of the command so we can mess with it.
+	else if (cmdline_copy == NULL)
+	{
+	    next_cmdline = vim_strsave(next_cmdline);
+	    if (next_cmdline == NULL)
+	    {
+		emsg(_(e_out_of_memory));
+		retval = FAIL;
+		break;
+	    }
+	}
+	cmdline_copy = next_cmdline;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	/*
+	 * Inside a while/for loop, and when the command looks like a ":while"
+	 * or ":for", the line is stored, because we may need it later when
+	 * looping.
+	 *
+	 * When there is a '|' and another command, it is stored separately,
+	 * because we need to be able to jump back to it from an
+	 * :endwhile/:endfor.
+	 *
+	 * Pass a different "fgetline" function to do_one_cmd() below,
+	 * that it stores lines in or reads them from "lines_ga".  Makes it
+	 * possible to define a function inside a while/for loop and handles
+	 * line continuation.
+	 */
+	if ((cstack.cs_looplevel > 0 || has_loop_cmd(next_cmdline)))
+	{
+	    cmd_getline = get_loop_line;
+	    cmd_cookie = (void *)&cmd_loop_cookie;
+	    cmd_loop_cookie.lines_gap = &lines_ga;
+	    cmd_loop_cookie.current_line = current_line;
+	    cmd_loop_cookie.lc_getline = fgetline;
+	    cmd_loop_cookie.cookie = cookie;
+	    cmd_loop_cookie.repeating = (current_line < lines_ga.ga_len);
+
+	    // Save the current line when encountering it the first time.
+	    if (current_line == lines_ga.ga_len
+		    && store_loop_line(&lines_ga, next_cmdline) == FAIL)
+	    {
+		retval = FAIL;
+		break;
+	    }
+	    current_line_before = current_line;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    cmd_getline = fgetline;
+	    cmd_cookie = cookie;
+	}
+
+	did_endif = FALSE;
+#endif
+
+	if (count++ == 0)
+	{
+	    /*
+	     * All output from the commands is put below each other, without
+	     * waiting for a return. Don't do this when executing commands
+	     * from a script or when being called recursive (e.g. for ":e
+	     * +command file").
+	     */
+	    if (!(flags & DOCMD_NOWAIT) && !recursive)
+	    {
+		msg_didout_before_start = msg_didout;
+		msg_didany = FALSE; // no output yet
+		msg_start();
+		msg_scroll = TRUE;  // put messages below each other
+		++no_wait_return;   // don't wait for return until finished
+		++RedrawingDisabled;
+		did_inc_RedrawingDisabled = TRUE;
+	    }
+	}
+
+	if ((p_verbose >= 15 && SOURCING_NAME != NULL) || p_verbose >= 16)
+	    msg_verbose_cmd(SOURCING_LNUM, cmdline_copy);
+
+	/*
+	 * 2. Execute one '|' separated command.
+	 *    do_one_cmd() will return NULL if there is no trailing '|'.
+	 *    "cmdline_copy" can change, e.g. for '%' and '#' expansion.
+	 */
+	++recursive;
+	next_cmdline = do_one_cmd(&cmdline_copy, flags,
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+				&cstack,
+#endif
+				cmd_getline, cmd_cookie);
+	--recursive;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	if (cmd_cookie == (void *)&cmd_loop_cookie)
+	    // Use "current_line" from "cmd_loop_cookie", it may have been
+	    // incremented when defining a function.
+	    current_line = cmd_loop_cookie.current_line;
+#endif
+
+	if (next_cmdline == NULL)
+	{
+	    VIM_CLEAR(cmdline_copy);
+
+	    /*
+	     * If the command was typed, remember it for the ':' register.
+	     * Do this AFTER executing the command to make :@: work.
+	     */
+	    if (getline_equal(fgetline, cookie, getexline)
+						  && new_last_cmdline != NULL)
+	    {
+		vim_free(last_cmdline);
+		last_cmdline = new_last_cmdline;
+		new_last_cmdline = NULL;
+	    }
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    // need to copy the command after the '|' to cmdline_copy, for the
+	    // next do_one_cmd()
+	    STRMOVE(cmdline_copy, next_cmdline);
+	    next_cmdline = cmdline_copy;
+	}
+
+
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	// reset did_emsg for a function that is not aborted by an error
+	if (did_emsg && !force_abort
+		&& getline_equal(fgetline, cookie, get_func_line)
+					      && !func_has_abort(real_cookie))
+	{
+	    // did_emsg_cumul is not set here
+	    did_emsg = FALSE;
+	}
+
+	if (cstack.cs_looplevel > 0)
+	{
+	    ++current_line;
+
+	    /*
+	     * An ":endwhile", ":endfor" and ":continue" is handled here.
+	     * If we were executing commands, jump back to the ":while" or
+	     * ":for".
+	     * If we were not executing commands, decrement cs_looplevel.
+	     */
+	    if (cstack.cs_lflags & (CSL_HAD_CONT | CSL_HAD_ENDLOOP))
+	    {
+		cstack.cs_lflags &= ~(CSL_HAD_CONT | CSL_HAD_ENDLOOP);
+
+		// Jump back to the matching ":while" or ":for".  Be careful
+		// not to use a cs_line[] from an entry that isn't a ":while"
+		// or ":for": It would make "current_line" invalid and can
+		// cause a crash.
+		if (!did_emsg && !got_int && !did_throw
+			&& cstack.cs_idx >= 0
+			&& (cstack.cs_flags[cstack.cs_idx]
+						      & (CSF_WHILE | CSF_FOR))
+			&& cstack.cs_line[cstack.cs_idx] >= 0
+			&& (cstack.cs_flags[cstack.cs_idx] & CSF_ACTIVE))
+		{
+		    current_line = cstack.cs_line[cstack.cs_idx];
+						// remember we jumped there
+		    cstack.cs_lflags |= CSL_HAD_LOOP;
+		    line_breakcheck();		// check if CTRL-C typed
+
+		    // Check for the next breakpoint at or after the ":while"
+		    // or ":for".
+		    if (breakpoint != NULL && lines_ga.ga_len > current_line)
+		    {
+			*breakpoint = dbg_find_breakpoint(
+			       getline_equal(fgetline, cookie, getsourceline),
+									fname,
+			   ((wcmd_T *)lines_ga.ga_data)[current_line].lnum-1);
+			*dbg_tick = debug_tick;
+		    }
+		}
+		else
+		{
+		    // can only get here with ":endwhile" or ":endfor"
+		    if (cstack.cs_idx >= 0)
+			rewind_conditionals(&cstack, cstack.cs_idx - 1,
+				   CSF_WHILE | CSF_FOR, &cstack.cs_looplevel);
+		}
+	    }
+
+	    /*
+	     * For a ":while" or ":for" we need to remember the line number.
+	     */
+	    else if (cstack.cs_lflags & CSL_HAD_LOOP)
+	    {
+		cstack.cs_lflags &= ~CSL_HAD_LOOP;
+		cstack.cs_line[cstack.cs_idx] = current_line_before;
+	    }
+	}
+
+	// Check for the next breakpoint after a watchexpression
+	if (breakpoint != NULL && has_watchexpr())
+	{
+	    *breakpoint = dbg_find_breakpoint(FALSE, fname, SOURCING_LNUM);
+	    *dbg_tick = debug_tick;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * When not inside any ":while" loop, clear remembered lines.
+	 */
+	if (cstack.cs_looplevel == 0)
+	{
+	    if (lines_ga.ga_len > 0)
+	    {
+		SOURCING_LNUM =
+		       ((wcmd_T *)lines_ga.ga_data)[lines_ga.ga_len - 1].lnum;
+		free_cmdlines(&lines_ga);
+	    }
+	    current_line = 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * A ":finally" makes did_emsg, got_int, and did_throw pending for
+	 * being restored at the ":endtry".  Reset them here and set the
+	 * ACTIVE and FINALLY flags, so that the finally clause gets executed.
+	 * This includes the case where a missing ":endif", ":endwhile" or
+	 * ":endfor" was detected by the ":finally" itself.
+	 */
+	if (cstack.cs_lflags & CSL_HAD_FINA)
+	{
+	    cstack.cs_lflags &= ~CSL_HAD_FINA;
+	    report_make_pending(cstack.cs_pending[cstack.cs_idx]
+		    & (CSTP_ERROR | CSTP_INTERRUPT | CSTP_THROW),
+		    did_throw ? (void *)current_exception : NULL);
+	    did_emsg = got_int = did_throw = FALSE;
+	    cstack.cs_flags[cstack.cs_idx] |= CSF_ACTIVE | CSF_FINALLY;
+	}
+
+	// Update global "trylevel" for recursive calls to do_cmdline() from
+	// within this loop.
+	trylevel = initial_trylevel + cstack.cs_trylevel;
+
+	/*
+	 * If the outermost try conditional (across function calls and sourced
+	 * files) is aborted because of an error, an interrupt, or an uncaught
+	 * exception, cancel everything.  If it is left normally, reset
+	 * force_abort to get the non-EH compatible abortion behavior for
+	 * the rest of the script.
+	 */
+	if (trylevel == 0 && !did_emsg && !got_int && !did_throw)
+	    force_abort = FALSE;
+
+	// Convert an interrupt to an exception if appropriate.
+	(void)do_intthrow(&cstack);
+#endif // FEAT_EVAL
+
+    }
+    /*
+     * Continue executing command lines when:
+     * - no CTRL-C typed, no aborting error, no exception thrown or try
+     *   conditionals need to be checked for executing finally clauses or
+     *   catching an interrupt exception
+     * - didn't get an error message or lines are not typed
+     * - there is a command after '|', inside a :if, :while, :for or :try, or
+     *   looping for ":source" command or function call.
+     */
+    while (!((got_int
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+		    || (did_emsg && (force_abort || in_vim9script()))
+		    || did_throw
+#endif
+	     )
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+		&& cstack.cs_trylevel == 0
+#endif
+	    )
+	    && !(did_emsg
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+		// Keep going when inside try/catch, so that the error can be
+		// deal with, except when it is a syntax error, it may cause
+		// the :endtry to be missed.
+		&& (cstack.cs_trylevel == 0 || did_emsg_syntax)
+#endif
+		&& used_getline
+			    && (getline_equal(fgetline, cookie, getexmodeline)
+			       || getline_equal(fgetline, cookie, getexline)))
+	    && (next_cmdline != NULL
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+			|| cstack.cs_idx >= 0
+#endif
+			|| (flags & DOCMD_REPEAT)));
+
+    vim_free(cmdline_copy);
+    did_emsg_syntax = FALSE;
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    free_cmdlines(&lines_ga);
+    ga_clear(&lines_ga);
+
+    if (cstack.cs_idx >= 0)
+    {
+	/*
+	 * If a sourced file or executed function ran to its end, report the
+	 * unclosed conditional.
+	 * In Vim9 script do not give a second error, executing aborts after
+	 * the first one.
+	 */
+	if (!got_int && !did_throw && !aborting()
+		&& !(did_emsg && in_vim9script())
+		&& ((getline_equal(fgetline, cookie, getsourceline)
+			&& !source_finished(fgetline, cookie))
+		    || (getline_equal(fgetline, cookie, get_func_line)
+					    && !func_has_ended(real_cookie))))
+	{
+	    if (cstack.cs_flags[cstack.cs_idx] & CSF_TRY)
+		emsg(_(e_missing_endtry));
+	    else if (cstack.cs_flags[cstack.cs_idx] & CSF_WHILE)
+		emsg(_(e_missing_endwhile));
+	    else if (cstack.cs_flags[cstack.cs_idx] & CSF_FOR)
+		emsg(_(e_missing_endfor));
+	    else
+		emsg(_(e_missing_endif));
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Reset "trylevel" in case of a ":finish" or ":return" or a missing
+	 * ":endtry" in a sourced file or executed function.  If the try
+	 * conditional is in its finally clause, ignore anything pending.
+	 * If it is in a catch clause, finish the caught exception.
+	 * Also cleanup any "cs_forinfo" structures.
+	 */
+	do
+	{
+	    int idx = cleanup_conditionals(&cstack, 0, TRUE);
+
+	    if (idx >= 0)
+		--idx;	    // remove try block not in its finally clause
+	    rewind_conditionals(&cstack, idx, CSF_WHILE | CSF_FOR,
+							&cstack.cs_looplevel);
+	}
+	while (cstack.cs_idx >= 0);
+	trylevel = initial_trylevel;
+    }
+
+    // If a missing ":endtry", ":endwhile", ":endfor", or ":endif" or a memory
+    // lack was reported above and the error message is to be converted to an
+    // exception, do this now after rewinding the cstack.
+    do_errthrow(&cstack, getline_equal(fgetline, cookie, get_func_line)
+				  ? (char_u *)"endfunction" : (char_u *)NULL);
+
+    if (trylevel == 0)
+    {
+	// Just in case did_throw got set but current_exception wasn't.
+	if (current_exception == NULL)
+	    did_throw = FALSE;
+
+	/*
+	 * When an exception is being thrown out of the outermost try
+	 * conditional, discard the uncaught exception, disable the conversion
+	 * of interrupts or errors to exceptions, and ensure that no more
+	 * commands are executed.
+	 */
+	if (did_throw)
+	    handle_did_throw();
+
+	/*
+	 * On an interrupt or an aborting error not converted to an exception,
+	 * disable the conversion of errors to exceptions.  (Interrupts are not
+	 * converted anymore, here.) This enables also the interrupt message
+	 * when force_abort is set and did_emsg unset in case of an interrupt
+	 * from a finally clause after an error.
+	 */
+	else if (got_int || (did_emsg && force_abort))
+	    suppress_errthrow = TRUE;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * The current cstack will be freed when do_cmdline() returns.  An uncaught
+     * exception will have to be rethrown in the previous cstack.  If a function
+     * has just returned or a script file was just finished and the previous
+     * cstack belongs to the same function or, respectively, script file, it
+     * will have to be checked for finally clauses to be executed due to the
+     * ":return" or ":finish".  This is done in do_one_cmd().
+     */
+    if (did_throw)
+	need_rethrow = TRUE;
+    if ((getline_equal(fgetline, cookie, getsourceline)
+		&& ex_nesting_level > source_level(real_cookie))
+	    || (getline_equal(fgetline, cookie, get_func_line)
+		&& ex_nesting_level > func_level(real_cookie) + 1))
+    {
+	if (!did_throw)
+	    check_cstack = TRUE;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	// When leaving a function, reduce nesting level.
+	if (getline_equal(fgetline, cookie, get_func_line))
+	    --ex_nesting_level;
+	/*
+	 * Go to debug mode when returning from a function in which we are
+	 * single-stepping.
+	 */
+	if ((getline_equal(fgetline, cookie, getsourceline)
+		    || getline_equal(fgetline, cookie, get_func_line))
+		&& ex_nesting_level + 1 <= debug_break_level)
+	    do_debug(getline_equal(fgetline, cookie, getsourceline)
+		    ? (char_u *)_("End of sourced file")
+		    : (char_u *)_("End of function"));
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Restore the exception environment (done after returning from the
+     * debugger).
+     */
+    if (flags & DOCMD_EXCRESET)
+	restore_dbg_stuff(&debug_saved);
+
+    msg_list = saved_msg_list;
+
+    // Cleanup if "cs_emsg_silent_list" remains.
+    if (cstack.cs_emsg_silent_list != NULL)
+    {
+	eslist_T *elem, *temp;
+
+	for (elem = cstack.cs_emsg_silent_list; elem != NULL; elem = temp)
+	{
+	    temp = elem->next;
+	    vim_free(elem);
+	}
+    }
+#endif // FEAT_EVAL
+
+    /*
+     * If there was too much output to fit on the command line, ask the user to
+     * hit return before redrawing the screen. With the ":global" command we do
+     * this only once after the command is finished.
+     */
+    if (did_inc_RedrawingDisabled)
+    {
+	if (RedrawingDisabled > 0)
+	    --RedrawingDisabled;
+	--no_wait_return;
+	msg_scroll = FALSE;
+
+	/*
+	 * When just finished an ":if"-":else" which was typed, no need to
+	 * wait for hit-return.  Also for an error situation.
+	 */
+	if (retval == FAIL
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+		|| (did_endif && KeyTyped && !did_emsg)
+#endif
+					    )
+	{
+	    need_wait_return = FALSE;
+	    msg_didany = FALSE;		// don't wait when restarting edit
+	}
+	else if (need_wait_return)
+	{
+	    /*
+	     * The msg_start() above clears msg_didout. The wait_return() we do
+	     * here should not overwrite the command that may be shown before
+	     * doing that.
+	     */
+	    msg_didout |= msg_didout_before_start;
+	    wait_return(FALSE);
+	}
+    }
+
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    did_endif = FALSE;  // in case do_cmdline used recursively
+#else
+    /*
+     * Reset if_level, in case a sourced script file contains more ":if" than
+     * ":endif" (could be ":if x | foo | endif").
+     */
+    if_level = 0;
+#endif
+
+    --call_depth;
+    return retval;
+}
+
+#if defined(FEAT_EVAL) || defined(PROTO)
+/*
+ * Handle when "did_throw" is set after executing commands.
+ */
+    void
+handle_did_throw(void)
+{
+    char	*p = NULL;
+    msglist_T	*messages = NULL;
+    ESTACK_CHECK_DECLARATION;
+
+    /*
+     * If the uncaught exception is a user exception, report it as an
+     * error.  If it is an error exception, display the saved error
+     * message now.  For an interrupt exception, do nothing; the
+     * interrupt message is given elsewhere.
+     */
+    switch (current_exception->type)
+    {
+	case ET_USER:
+	    vim_snprintf((char *)IObuff, IOSIZE,
+		    _(e_exception_not_caught_str),
+		    current_exception->value);
+	    p = (char *)vim_strsave(IObuff);
+	    break;
+	case ET_ERROR:
+	    messages = current_exception->messages;
+	    current_exception->messages = NULL;
+	    break;
+	case ET_INTERRUPT:
+	    break;
+    }
+
+    estack_push(ETYPE_EXCEPT, current_exception->throw_name,
+					current_exception->throw_lnum);
+    ESTACK_CHECK_SETUP;
+    current_exception->throw_name = NULL;
+
+    discard_current_exception();	// uses IObuff if 'verbose'
+    suppress_errthrow = TRUE;
+    force_abort = TRUE;
+
+    if (messages != NULL)
+    {
+	do
+	{
+	    msglist_T	*next = messages->next;
+	    int		save_compiling = estack_compiling;
+
+	    estack_compiling = messages->msg_compiling;
+	    emsg(messages->msg);
+	    vim_free(messages->msg);
+	    vim_free(messages->sfile);
+	    vim_free(messages);
+	    messages = next;
+	    estack_compiling = save_compiling;
+	}
+	while (messages != NULL);
+    }
+    else if (p != NULL)
+    {
+	emsg(p);
+	vim_free(p);
+    }
+    vim_free(SOURCING_NAME);
+    ESTACK_CHECK_NOW;
+    estack_pop();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Obtain a line when inside a ":while" or ":for" loop.
+ */
+    static char_u *
+get_loop_line(int c, void *cookie, int indent, getline_opt_T options)
+{
+    struct loop_cookie	*cp = (struct loop_cookie *)cookie;
+    wcmd_T		*wp;
+    char_u		*line;
+
+    if (cp->current_line + 1 >= cp->lines_gap->ga_len)
+    {
+	if (cp->repeating)
+	    return NULL;	// trying to read past ":endwhile"/":endfor"
+
+	// First time inside the ":while"/":for": get line normally.
+	if (cp->lc_getline == NULL)
+	    line = getcmdline(c, 0L, indent, 0);
+	else
+	    line = cp->lc_getline(c, cp->cookie, indent, options);
+	if (line != NULL && store_loop_line(cp->lines_gap, line) == OK)
+	    ++cp->current_line;
+
+	return line;
+    }
+
+    KeyTyped = FALSE;
+    ++cp->current_line;
+    wp = (wcmd_T *)(cp->lines_gap->ga_data) + cp->current_line;
+    SOURCING_LNUM = wp->lnum;
+    return vim_strsave(wp->line);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Store a line in "gap" so that a ":while" loop can execute it again.
+ */
+    static int
+store_loop_line(garray_T *gap, char_u *line)
+{
+    if (ga_grow(gap, 1) == FAIL)
+	return FAIL;
+    ((wcmd_T *)(gap->ga_data))[gap->ga_len].line = vim_strsave(line);
+    ((wcmd_T *)(gap->ga_data))[gap->ga_len].lnum = SOURCING_LNUM;
+    ++gap->ga_len;
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Free the lines stored for a ":while" or ":for" loop.
+ */
+    static void
+free_cmdlines(garray_T *gap)
+{
+    while (gap->ga_len > 0)
+    {
+	vim_free(((wcmd_T *)(gap->ga_data))[gap->ga_len - 1].line);
+	--gap->ga_len;
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * If "fgetline" is get_loop_line(), return TRUE if the getline it uses equals
+ * "func".  * Otherwise return TRUE when "fgetline" equals "func".
+ */
+    int
+getline_equal(
+    char_u	*(*fgetline)(int, void *, int, getline_opt_T),
+    void	*cookie UNUSED,		// argument for fgetline()
+    char_u	*(*func)(int, void *, int, getline_opt_T))
+{
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    char_u		*(*gp)(int, void *, int, getline_opt_T);
+    struct loop_cookie *cp;
+
+    // When "fgetline" is "get_loop_line()" use the "cookie" to find the
+    // function that's originally used to obtain the lines.  This may be
+    // nested several levels.
+    gp = fgetline;
+    cp = (struct loop_cookie *)cookie;
+    while (gp == get_loop_line)
+    {
+	gp = cp->lc_getline;
+	cp = cp->cookie;
+    }
+    return gp == func;
+#else
+    return fgetline == func;
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * If "fgetline" is get_loop_line(), return the cookie used by the original
+ * getline function.  Otherwise return "cookie".
+ */
+    void *
+getline_cookie(
+    char_u	*(*fgetline)(int, void *, int, getline_opt_T) UNUSED,
+    void	*cookie)		// argument for fgetline()
+{
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    char_u		*(*gp)(int, void *, int, getline_opt_T);
+    struct loop_cookie  *cp;
+
+    // When "fgetline" is "get_loop_line()" use the "cookie" to find the
+    // cookie that's originally used to obtain the lines.  This may be nested
+    // several levels.
+    gp = fgetline;
+    cp = (struct loop_cookie *)cookie;
+    while (gp == get_loop_line)
+    {
+	gp = cp->lc_getline;
+	cp = cp->cookie;
+    }
+    return cp;
+#else
+    return cookie;
+#endif
+}
+
+#if defined(FEAT_EVAL) || defined(PROTO)
+/*
+ * Get the next line source line without advancing.
+ */
+    char_u *
+getline_peek(
+    char_u	*(*fgetline)(int, void *, int, getline_opt_T) UNUSED,
+    void	*cookie)		// argument for fgetline()
+{
+    char_u		*(*gp)(int, void *, int, getline_opt_T);
+    struct loop_cookie  *cp;
+    wcmd_T		*wp;
+
+    // When "fgetline" is "get_loop_line()" use the "cookie" to find the
+    // cookie that's originally used to obtain the lines.  This may be nested
+    // several levels.
+    gp = fgetline;
+    cp = (struct loop_cookie *)cookie;
+    while (gp == get_loop_line)
+    {
+	if (cp->current_line + 1 < cp->lines_gap->ga_len)
+	{
+	    // executing lines a second time, use the stored copy
+	    wp = (wcmd_T *)(cp->lines_gap->ga_data) + cp->current_line + 1;
+	    return wp->line;
+	}
+	gp = cp->lc_getline;
+	cp = cp->cookie;
+    }
+    if (gp == getsourceline)
+	return source_nextline(cp);
+    return NULL;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+ * Helper function to apply an offset for buffer commands, i.e. ":bdelete",
+ * ":bwipeout", etc.
+ * Returns the buffer number.
+ */
+    static int
+compute_buffer_local_count(int addr_type, int lnum, int offset)
+{
+    buf_T   *buf;
+    buf_T   *nextbuf;
+    int     count = offset;
+
+    buf = firstbuf;
+    while (buf->b_next != NULL && buf->b_fnum < lnum)
+	buf = buf->b_next;
+    while (count != 0)
+    {
+	count += (offset < 0) ? 1 : -1;
+	nextbuf = (offset < 0) ? buf->b_prev : buf->b_next;
+	if (nextbuf == NULL)
+	    break;
+	buf = nextbuf;
+	if (addr_type == ADDR_LOADED_BUFFERS)
+	    // skip over unloaded buffers
+	    while (buf->b_ml.ml_mfp == NULL)
+	    {
+		nextbuf = (offset < 0) ? buf->b_prev : buf->b_next;
+		if (nextbuf == NULL)
+		    break;
+		buf = nextbuf;
+	    }
+    }
+    // we might have gone too far, last buffer is not loadedd
+    if (addr_type == ADDR_LOADED_BUFFERS)
+	while (buf->b_ml.ml_mfp == NULL)
+	{
+	    nextbuf = (offset >= 0) ? buf->b_prev : buf->b_next;
+	    if (nextbuf == NULL)
+		break;
+	    buf = nextbuf;
+	}
+    return buf->b_fnum;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the window number of "win".
+ * When "win" is NULL return the number of windows.
+ */
+    static int
+current_win_nr(win_T *win)
+{
+    win_T	*wp;
+    int		nr = 0;
+
+    FOR_ALL_WINDOWS(wp)
+    {
+	++nr;
+	if (wp == win)
+	    break;
+    }
+    return nr;
+}
+
+    static int
+current_tab_nr(tabpage_T *tab)
+{
+    tabpage_T	*tp;
+    int		nr = 0;
+
+    FOR_ALL_TABPAGES(tp)
+    {
+	++nr;
+	if (tp == tab)
+	    break;
+    }
+    return nr;
+}
+
+    static int
+comment_start(char_u *p, int starts_with_colon UNUSED)
+{
+    if (in_vim9script())
+	return p[0] == '#' && !starts_with_colon;
+    return *p == '"';
+}
+
+# define CURRENT_WIN_NR current_win_nr(curwin)
+# define LAST_WIN_NR current_win_nr(NULL)
+# define CURRENT_TAB_NR current_tab_nr(curtab)
+# define LAST_TAB_NR current_tab_nr(NULL)
+
+/*
+ * Execute one Ex command.
+ *
+ * If "flags" has DOCMD_VERBOSE, the command will be included in the error
+ * message.
+ *
+ * 1. skip comment lines and leading space
+ * 2. handle command modifiers
+ * 3. find the command
+ * 4. parse range
+ * 5. Parse the command.
+ * 6. parse arguments
+ * 7. switch on command name
+ *
+ * Note: "fgetline" can be NULL.
+ *
+ * This function may be called recursively!
+ */
+    static char_u *
+do_one_cmd(
+    char_u	**cmdlinep,
+    int		flags,
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    cstack_T	*cstack,
+#endif
+    char_u	*(*fgetline)(int, void *, int, getline_opt_T),
+    void	*cookie)		// argument for fgetline()
+{
+    char_u	*p;
+    linenr_T	lnum;
+    long	n;
+    char	*errormsg = NULL;	// error message
+    char_u	*after_modifier = NULL;
+    exarg_T	ea;			// Ex command arguments
+    cmdmod_T	save_cmdmod;
+    int		save_reg_executing = reg_executing;
+    int		save_pending_end_reg_executing = pending_end_reg_executing;
+    int		ni;			// set when Not Implemented
+    char_u	*cmd;
+    int		starts_with_colon = FALSE;
+    int		may_have_range;
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    int		did_set_expr_line = FALSE;
+#endif
+    int		sourcing = flags & DOCMD_VERBOSE;
+    int		did_append_cmd = FALSE;
+
+    CLEAR_FIELD(ea);
+    ea.line1 = 1;
+    ea.line2 = 1;
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    ++ex_nesting_level;
+#endif
+
+    // When the last file has not been edited :q has to be typed twice.
+    if (quitmore
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	    // avoid that a function call in 'statusline' does this
+	    && !getline_equal(fgetline, cookie, get_func_line)
+#endif
+	    // avoid that an autocommand, e.g. QuitPre, does this
+	    && !getline_equal(fgetline, cookie, getnextac))
+	--quitmore;
+
+    /*
+     * Reset browse, confirm, etc..  They are restored when returning, for
+     * recursive calls.
+     */
+    save_cmdmod = cmdmod;
+
+    // "#!anything" is handled like a comment.
+    if ((*cmdlinep)[0] == '#' && (*cmdlinep)[1] == '!')
+	goto doend;
+
+/*
+ * 1. Skip comment lines and leading white space and colons.
+ * 2. Handle command modifiers.
+ */
+    // The "ea" structure holds the arguments that can be used.
+    ea.cmd = *cmdlinep;
+    ea.cmdlinep = cmdlinep;
+    ea.ea_getline = fgetline;
+    ea.cookie = cookie;
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    ea.cstack = cstack;
+    starts_with_colon = *skipwhite(ea.cmd) == ':';
+#endif
+    if (parse_command_modifiers(&ea, &errormsg, &cmdmod, FALSE) == FAIL)
+	goto doend;
+    apply_cmdmod(&cmdmod);
+    after_modifier = ea.cmd;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    ea.skip = did_emsg || got_int || did_throw || (cstack->cs_idx >= 0
+			 && !(cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx] & CSF_ACTIVE));
+#else
+    ea.skip = (if_level > 0);
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * 3. Skip over the range to find the command.  Let "p" point to after it.
+ *
+ * We need the command to know what kind of range it uses.
+ */
+    cmd = ea.cmd;
+
+    // In Vim9 script a colon is required before the range.  This may also be
+    // after command modifiers.
+    int vim9script = in_vim9script();
+    if (vim9script && (flags & DOCMD_RANGEOK) == 0)
+    {
+	may_have_range = FALSE;
+	for (p = ea.cmd; p >= *cmdlinep; --p)
+	{
+	    if (*p == ':')
+		may_have_range = TRUE;
+	    if (p < ea.cmd && !VIM_ISWHITE(*p))
+		break;
+	}
+    }
+    else
+	may_have_range = TRUE;
+    if (may_have_range)
+	ea.cmd = skip_range(ea.cmd, TRUE, NULL);
+
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    // Handle ":export" - it functions almost like a command modifier.
+    // ":export var Name: type"
+    // ":export def Name(..."
+    // etc.
+    if (vim9script && checkforcmd_noparen(&ea.cmd, "export", 6))
+	is_export = TRUE;
+#endif
+
+    if (vim9script && !may_have_range)
+    {
+	if (ea.cmd == cmd + 1 && *cmd == '$')
+	    // should be "$VAR = val"
+	    --ea.cmd;
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	p = find_ex_command(&ea, NULL, lookup_scriptitem, NULL);
+#else
+	p = find_ex_command(&ea, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+#endif
+	if (ea.cmdidx == CMD_SIZE)
+	{
+	    char_u *ar = skip_range(ea.cmd, TRUE, NULL);
+
+	    // If a ':' before the range is missing, give a clearer error
+	    // message.
+	    if (ar > ea.cmd && !ea.skip)
+	    {
+		semsg(_(e_colon_required_before_range_str), ea.cmd);
+		goto doend;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    else
+	p = find_ex_command(&ea, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+# ifdef FEAT_PROFILE
+    // Count this line for profiling if skip is TRUE.
+    if (do_profiling == PROF_YES
+	    && (!ea.skip || cstack->cs_idx == 0 || (cstack->cs_idx > 0
+		     && (cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx - 1] & CSF_ACTIVE))))
+    {
+	int skip = did_emsg || got_int || did_throw;
+
+	if (ea.cmdidx == CMD_catch)
+	    skip = !skip && !(cstack->cs_idx >= 0
+			  && (cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx] & CSF_THROWN)
+			  && !(cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx] & CSF_CAUGHT));
+	else if (ea.cmdidx == CMD_else || ea.cmdidx == CMD_elseif)
+	    skip = skip || !(cstack->cs_idx >= 0
+			  && !(cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx]
+						  & (CSF_ACTIVE | CSF_TRUE)));
+	else if (ea.cmdidx == CMD_finally)
+	    skip = FALSE;
+	else if (ea.cmdidx != CMD_endif
+		&& ea.cmdidx != CMD_endfor
+		&& ea.cmdidx != CMD_endtry
+		&& ea.cmdidx != CMD_endwhile)
+	    skip = ea.skip;
+
+	if (!skip)
+	{
+	    if (getline_equal(fgetline, cookie, get_func_line))
+		func_line_exec(getline_cookie(fgetline, cookie));
+	    else if (getline_equal(fgetline, cookie, getsourceline))
+		script_line_exec();
+	}
+    }
+# endif
+#endif
+
+    ea.cmd = cmd;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    // May go to debug mode.  If this happens and the ">quit" debug command is
+    // used, throw an interrupt exception and skip the next command.
+    dbg_check_breakpoint(&ea);
+    if (!ea.skip && got_int)
+    {
+	ea.skip = TRUE;
+	(void)do_intthrow(cstack);
+    }
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * 4. parse a range specifier of the form: addr [,addr] [;addr] ..
+ *
+ * where 'addr' is:
+ *
+ * %	      (entire file)
+ * $  [+-NUM]
+ * 'x [+-NUM] (where x denotes a currently defined mark)
+ * .  [+-NUM]
+ * [+-NUM]..
+ * NUM
+ *
+ * The ea.cmd pointer is updated to point to the first character following the
+ * range spec. If an initial address is found, but no second, the upper bound
+ * is equal to the lower.
+ */
+
+    // ea.addr_type for user commands is set by find_ucmd
+    if (!IS_USER_CMDIDX(ea.cmdidx))
+    {
+	if (ea.cmdidx != CMD_SIZE)
+	    ea.addr_type = cmdnames[(int)ea.cmdidx].cmd_addr_type;
+	else
+	    ea.addr_type = ADDR_LINES;
+
+	// :wincmd range depends on the argument.
+	if (ea.cmdidx == CMD_wincmd && p != NULL)
+	    get_wincmd_addr_type(skipwhite(p), &ea);
+#ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
+	// :.cc in quickfix window uses line number
+	if ((ea.cmdidx == CMD_cc || ea.cmdidx == CMD_ll) && bt_quickfix(curbuf))
+	    ea.addr_type = ADDR_OTHER;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    if (!may_have_range)
+	ea.line1 = ea.line2 = default_address(&ea);
+    else if (parse_cmd_address(&ea, &errormsg, FALSE) == FAIL)
+	goto doend;
+
+/*
+ * 5. Parse the command.
+ */
+
+    /*
+     * Skip ':' and any white space
+     */
+    ea.cmd = skipwhite(ea.cmd);
+    while (*ea.cmd == ':')
+	ea.cmd = skipwhite(ea.cmd + 1);
+
+    /*
+     * If we got a line, but no command, then go to the line.
+     * If we find a '|' or '\n' we set ea.nextcmd.
+     */
+    if (*ea.cmd == NUL || comment_start(ea.cmd, starts_with_colon)
+			       || (ea.nextcmd = check_nextcmd(ea.cmd)) != NULL)
+    {
+	/*
+	 * strange vi behaviour:
+	 * ":3"		jumps to line 3
+	 * ":3|..."	prints line 3  (not in Vim9 script)
+	 * ":|"		prints current line  (not in Vim9 script)
+	 */
+	if (ea.skip)	    // skip this if inside :if
+	    goto doend;
+	errormsg = ex_range_without_command(&ea);
+	goto doend;
+    }
+
+    // If this looks like an undefined user command and there are CmdUndefined
+    // autocommands defined, trigger the matching autocommands.
+    if (p != NULL && ea.cmdidx == CMD_SIZE && !ea.skip
+	    && ASCII_ISUPPER(*ea.cmd)
+	    && has_cmdundefined())
+    {
+	int ret;
+
+	p = ea.cmd;
+	while (ASCII_ISALNUM(*p))
+	    ++p;
+	p = vim_strnsave(ea.cmd, p - ea.cmd);
+	ret = apply_autocmds(EVENT_CMDUNDEFINED, p, p, TRUE, NULL);
+	vim_free(p);
+	// If the autocommands did something and didn't cause an error, try
+	// finding the command again.
+	p = (ret
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+		&& !aborting()
+#endif
+		) ? find_ex_command(&ea, NULL, NULL, NULL) : ea.cmd;
+    }
+
+    if (p == NULL)
+    {
+	if (!ea.skip)
+	    errormsg = _(e_ambiguous_use_of_user_defined_command);
+	goto doend;
+    }
+    // Check for wrong commands.
+    if (*p == '!' && ea.cmd[1] == 0151 && ea.cmd[0] == 78
+	    && !IS_USER_CMDIDX(ea.cmdidx))
+    {
+	errormsg = uc_fun_cmd();
+	goto doend;
+    }
+
+    if (ea.cmdidx == CMD_SIZE)
+    {
+	if (!ea.skip)
+	{
+	    STRCPY(IObuff, _(e_not_an_editor_command));
+	    if (!sourcing)
+	    {
+		// If the modifier was parsed OK the error must be in the
+		// following command
+		if (after_modifier != NULL)
+		    append_command(after_modifier);
+		else
+		    append_command(*cmdlinep);
+		did_append_cmd = TRUE;
+	    }
+	    errormsg = (char *)IObuff;
+	    did_emsg_syntax = TRUE;
+	}
+	goto doend;
+    }
+
+    ni = (!IS_USER_CMDIDX(ea.cmdidx)
+	    && (cmdnames[ea.cmdidx].cmd_func == ex_ni
+#ifdef HAVE_EX_SCRIPT_NI
+	     || cmdnames[ea.cmdidx].cmd_func == ex_script_ni
+#endif
+	     ));
+
+#ifndef FEAT_EVAL
+    /*
+     * When the expression evaluation is disabled, recognize the ":if" and
+     * ":endif" commands and ignore everything in between it.
+     */
+    if (ea.cmdidx == CMD_if)
+	++if_level;
+    if (if_level)
+    {
+	if (ea.cmdidx == CMD_endif)
+	    --if_level;
+	goto doend;
+    }
+
+#endif
+
+    // forced commands
+    if (*p == '!' && ea.cmdidx != CMD_substitute
+	    && ea.cmdidx != CMD_smagic && ea.cmdidx != CMD_snomagic)
+    {
+	++p;
+	ea.forceit = TRUE;
+    }
+    else
+	ea.forceit = FALSE;
+
+/*
+ * 6. Parse arguments.  Then check for errors.
+ */
+    if (!IS_USER_CMDIDX(ea.cmdidx))
+	ea.argt = (long)cmdnames[(int)ea.cmdidx].cmd_argt;
+
+    if (!ea.skip)
+    {
+#ifdef HAVE_SANDBOX
+	if (sandbox != 0 && !(ea.argt & EX_SBOXOK))
+	{
+	    // Command not allowed in sandbox.
+	    errormsg = _(e_not_allowed_in_sandbox);
+	    goto doend;
+	}
+#endif
+	if (restricted != 0 && (ea.argt & EX_RESTRICT))
+	{
+	    errormsg = _(e_command_not_allowed_in_rvim);
+	    goto doend;
+	}
+	if (!curbuf->b_p_ma && (ea.argt & EX_MODIFY))
+	{
+	    // Command not allowed in non-'modifiable' buffer
+	    errormsg = _(e_cannot_make_changes_modifiable_is_off);
+	    goto doend;
+	}
+
+	if (!IS_USER_CMDIDX(ea.cmdidx))
+	{
+	    if (cmdwin_type != 0 && !(ea.argt & EX_CMDWIN))
+	    {
+		// Command not allowed in the command line window
+		errormsg = _(e_invalid_in_cmdline_window);
+		goto doend;
+	    }
+	    if (text_locked() && !(ea.argt & EX_LOCK_OK))
+	    {
+		// Command not allowed when text is locked
+		errormsg = _(get_text_locked_msg());
+		goto doend;
+	    }
+	}
+
+	// Disallow editing another buffer when "curbuf_lock" is set.
+	// Do allow ":checktime" (it is postponed).
+	// Do allow ":edit" (check for an argument later).
+	// Do allow ":file" with no arguments (check for an argument later).
+	if (!(ea.argt & (EX_CMDWIN | EX_LOCK_OK))
+		&& ea.cmdidx != CMD_checktime
+		&& ea.cmdidx != CMD_edit
+		&& ea.cmdidx != CMD_file
+		&& !IS_USER_CMDIDX(ea.cmdidx)
+		&& curbuf_locked())
+	    goto doend;
+
+	if (!ni && !(ea.argt & EX_RANGE) && ea.addr_count > 0)
+	{
+	    errormsg = _(e_no_range_allowed);
+	    goto doend;
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (!ni && !(ea.argt & EX_BANG) && ea.forceit)
+    {
+	errormsg = _(e_no_bang_allowed);
+	goto doend;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Don't complain about the range if it is not used
+     * (could happen if line_count is accidentally set to 0).
+     */
+    if (!ea.skip && !ni && (ea.argt & EX_RANGE))
+    {
+	/*
+	 * If the range is backwards, ask for confirmation and, if given, swap
+	 * ea.line1 & ea.line2 so it's forwards again.
+	 * When global command is busy, don't ask, will fail below.
+	 */
+	if (!global_busy && ea.line1 > ea.line2)
+	{
+	    if (msg_silent == 0)
+	    {
+		if (sourcing || exmode_active)
+		{
+		    errormsg = _(e_backwards_range_given);
+		    goto doend;
+		}
+		if (ask_yesno((char_u *)
+			_("Backwards range given, OK to swap"), FALSE) != 'y')
+		    goto doend;
+	    }
+	    lnum = ea.line1;
+	    ea.line1 = ea.line2;
+	    ea.line2 = lnum;
+	}
+	if ((errormsg = invalid_range(&ea)) != NULL)
+	    goto doend;
+    }
+
+    if ((ea.addr_type == ADDR_OTHER) && ea.addr_count == 0)
+	// default is 1, not cursor
+	ea.line2 = 1;
+
+    correct_range(&ea);
+
+#ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
+    if (((ea.argt & EX_WHOLEFOLD) || ea.addr_count >= 2) && !global_busy
+	    && ea.addr_type == ADDR_LINES)
+    {
+	// Put the first line at the start of a closed fold, put the last line
+	// at the end of a closed fold.
+	(void)hasFolding(ea.line1, &ea.line1, NULL);
+	(void)hasFolding(ea.line2, NULL, &ea.line2);
+    }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
+    /*
+     * For the ":make" and ":grep" commands we insert the 'makeprg'/'grepprg'
+     * option here, so things like % get expanded.
+     */
+    p = replace_makeprg(&ea, p, cmdlinep);
+    if (p == NULL)
+	goto doend;
+#endif
+
+    /*
+     * Skip to start of argument.
+     * Don't do this for the ":!" command, because ":!! -l" needs the space.
+     */
+    if (ea.cmdidx == CMD_bang)
+	ea.arg = p;
+    else
+	ea.arg = skipwhite(p);
+
+    // ":file" cannot be run with an argument when "curbuf_lock" is set
+    if (ea.cmdidx == CMD_file && *ea.arg != NUL && curbuf_locked())
+	goto doend;
+
+    /*
+     * Check for "++opt=val" argument.
+     * Must be first, allow ":w ++enc=utf8 !cmd"
+     */
+    if (ea.argt & EX_ARGOPT)
+	while (ea.arg[0] == '+' && ea.arg[1] == '+')
+	    if (getargopt(&ea) == FAIL && !ni)
+	    {
+		errormsg = _(e_invalid_argument);
+		goto doend;
+	    }
+
+    if (ea.cmdidx == CMD_write || ea.cmdidx == CMD_update)
+    {
+	if (*ea.arg == '>')			// append
+	{
+	    if (*++ea.arg != '>')		// typed wrong
+	    {
+		errormsg = _(e_use_w_or_w_gt_gt);
+		goto doend;
+	    }
+	    ea.arg = skipwhite(ea.arg + 1);
+	    ea.append = TRUE;
+	}
+	else if (*ea.arg == '!' && ea.cmdidx == CMD_write)  // :w !filter
+	{
+	    ++ea.arg;
+	    ea.usefilter = TRUE;
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (ea.cmdidx == CMD_read)
+    {
+	if (ea.forceit)
+	{
+	    ea.usefilter = TRUE;		// :r! filter if ea.forceit
+	    ea.forceit = FALSE;
+	}
+	else if (*ea.arg == '!')		// :r !filter
+	{
+	    ++ea.arg;
+	    ea.usefilter = TRUE;
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (ea.cmdidx == CMD_lshift || ea.cmdidx == CMD_rshift)
+    {
+	ea.amount = 1;
+	while (*ea.arg == *ea.cmd)		// count number of '>' or '<'
+	{
+	    ++ea.arg;
+	    ++ea.amount;
+	}
+	ea.arg = skipwhite(ea.arg);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Check for "+command" argument, before checking for next command.
+     * Don't do this for ":read !cmd" and ":write !cmd".
+     */
+    if ((ea.argt & EX_CMDARG) && !ea.usefilter)
+	ea.do_ecmd_cmd = getargcmd(&ea.arg);
+
+    /*
+     * For commands that do not use '|' inside their argument: Check for '|' to
+     * separate commands and '"' or '#' to start comments.
+     *
+     * Otherwise: Check for <newline> to end a shell command.
+     * Also do this for ":read !cmd", ":write !cmd" and ":global".
+     * Also do this inside a { - } block after :command and :autocmd.
+     * Any others?
+     */
+    if ((ea.argt & EX_TRLBAR) && !ea.usefilter)
+    {
+	separate_nextcmd(&ea, FALSE);
+    }
+    else if (ea.cmdidx == CMD_bang
+	    || ea.cmdidx == CMD_terminal
+	    || ea.cmdidx == CMD_global
+	    || ea.cmdidx == CMD_vglobal
+	    || ea.usefilter
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	    || inside_block(&ea)
+#endif
+	    )
+    {
+	for (p = ea.arg; *p; ++p)
+	{
+	    // Remove one backslash before a newline, so that it's possible to
+	    // pass a newline to the shell and also a newline that is preceded
+	    // with a backslash.  This makes it impossible to end a shell
+	    // command in a backslash, but that doesn't appear useful.
+	    // Halving the number of backslashes is incompatible with previous
+	    // versions.
+	    if (*p == '\\' && p[1] == '\n')
+		STRMOVE(p, p + 1);
+	    else if (*p == '\n' && !(ea.argt & EX_EXPR_ARG))
+	    {
+		ea.nextcmd = p + 1;
+		*p = NUL;
+		break;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    if ((ea.argt & EX_DFLALL) && ea.addr_count == 0)
+	address_default_all(&ea);
+
+    // accept numbered register only when no count allowed (:put)
+    if (       (ea.argt & EX_REGSTR)
+	    && *ea.arg != NUL
+	       // Do not allow register = for user commands
+	    && (!IS_USER_CMDIDX(ea.cmdidx) || *ea.arg != '=')
+	    && !((ea.argt & EX_COUNT) && VIM_ISDIGIT(*ea.arg)))
+    {
+#ifndef FEAT_CLIPBOARD
+	// check these explicitly for a more specific error message
+	if (*ea.arg == '*' || *ea.arg == '+')
+	{
+	    errormsg = _(e_invalid_register_name);
+	    goto doend;
+	}
+#endif
+	if (valid_yank_reg(*ea.arg, (ea.cmdidx != CMD_put
+					      && !IS_USER_CMDIDX(ea.cmdidx))))
+	{
+	    ea.regname = *ea.arg++;
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	    // for '=' register: accept the rest of the line as an expression
+	    if (ea.arg[-1] == '=' && ea.arg[0] != NUL)
+	    {
+		if (!ea.skip)
+		{
+		    set_expr_line(vim_strsave(ea.arg), &ea);
+		    did_set_expr_line = TRUE;
+		}
+		ea.arg += STRLEN(ea.arg);
+	    }
+#endif
+	    ea.arg = skipwhite(ea.arg);
+	}
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Check for a count.  When accepting a EX_BUFNAME, don't use "123foo" as a
+     * count, it's a buffer name.
+     */
+    if ((ea.argt & EX_COUNT) && VIM_ISDIGIT(*ea.arg)
+	    && (!(ea.argt & EX_BUFNAME) || *(p = skipdigits(ea.arg + 1)) == NUL
+							  || VIM_ISWHITE(*p)))
+    {
+	n = getdigits_quoted(&ea.arg);
+	ea.arg = skipwhite(ea.arg);
+	if (n <= 0 && !ni && (ea.argt & EX_ZEROR) == 0)
+	{
+	    errormsg = _(e_positive_count_required);
+	    goto doend;
+	}
+	if (ea.addr_type != ADDR_LINES)	// e.g. :buffer 2, :sleep 3
+	{
+	    ea.line2 = n;
+	    if (ea.addr_count == 0)
+		ea.addr_count = 1;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    ea.line1 = ea.line2;
+	    if (ea.line2 >= LONG_MAX - (n - 1))
+		ea.line2 = LONG_MAX;  // avoid overflow
+	    else
+		ea.line2 += n - 1;
+	    ++ea.addr_count;
+	    /*
+	     * Be vi compatible: no error message for out of range.
+	     */
+	    if (ea.line2 > curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
+		ea.line2 = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
+	}
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Check for flags: 'l', 'p' and '#'.
+     */
+    if (ea.argt & EX_FLAGS)
+	get_flags(&ea);
+    if (!ni && !(ea.argt & EX_EXTRA) && *ea.arg != NUL
+	    && *ea.arg != '"' && (*ea.arg != '|' || (ea.argt & EX_TRLBAR) == 0))
+    {
+	// no arguments allowed but there is something
+	errormsg = ex_errmsg(e_trailing_characters_str, ea.arg);
+	goto doend;
+    }
+
+    if (!ni && (ea.argt & EX_NEEDARG) && *ea.arg == NUL)
+    {
+	errormsg = _(e_argument_required);
+	goto doend;
+    }
+
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    /*
+     * Skip the command when it's not going to be executed.
+     * The commands like :if, :endif, etc. always need to be executed.
+     * Also make an exception for commands that handle a trailing command
+     * themselves.
+     */
+    if (ea.skip)
+    {
+	switch (ea.cmdidx)
+	{
+	    // commands that need evaluation
+	    case CMD_while:
+	    case CMD_endwhile:
+	    case CMD_for:
+	    case CMD_endfor:
+	    case CMD_if:
+	    case CMD_elseif:
+	    case CMD_else:
+	    case CMD_endif:
+	    case CMD_try:
+	    case CMD_catch:
+	    case CMD_finally:
+	    case CMD_endtry:
+	    case CMD_function:
+	    case CMD_def:
+				break;
+
+	    // Commands that handle '|' themselves.  Check: A command should
+	    // either have the EX_TRLBAR flag, appear in this list or appear in
+	    // the list at ":help :bar".
+	    case CMD_aboveleft:
+	    case CMD_and:
+	    case CMD_belowright:
+	    case CMD_botright:
+	    case CMD_browse:
+	    case CMD_call:
+	    case CMD_confirm:
+	    case CMD_const:
+	    case CMD_delfunction:
+	    case CMD_djump:
+	    case CMD_dlist:
+	    case CMD_dsearch:
+	    case CMD_dsplit:
+	    case CMD_echo:
+	    case CMD_echoerr:
+	    case CMD_echomsg:
+	    case CMD_echon:
+	    case CMD_eval:
+	    case CMD_execute:
+	    case CMD_filter:
+	    case CMD_final:
+	    case CMD_help:
+	    case CMD_hide:
+	    case CMD_horizontal:
+	    case CMD_ijump:
+	    case CMD_ilist:
+	    case CMD_isearch:
+	    case CMD_isplit:
+	    case CMD_keepalt:
+	    case CMD_keepjumps:
+	    case CMD_keepmarks:
+	    case CMD_keeppatterns:
+	    case CMD_leftabove:
+	    case CMD_let:
+	    case CMD_lockmarks:
+	    case CMD_lockvar:
+	    case CMD_lua:
+	    case CMD_match:
+	    case CMD_mzscheme:
+	    case CMD_noautocmd:
+	    case CMD_noswapfile:
+	    case CMD_perl:
+	    case CMD_psearch:
+	    case CMD_py3:
+	    case CMD_python3:
+	    case CMD_python:
+	    case CMD_return:
+	    case CMD_rightbelow:
+	    case CMD_ruby:
+	    case CMD_silent:
+	    case CMD_smagic:
+	    case CMD_snomagic:
+	    case CMD_substitute:
+	    case CMD_syntax:
+	    case CMD_tab:
+	    case CMD_tcl:
+	    case CMD_throw:
+	    case CMD_tilde:
+	    case CMD_topleft:
+	    case CMD_unlet:
+	    case CMD_unlockvar:
+	    case CMD_var:
+	    case CMD_verbose:
+	    case CMD_vertical:
+	    case CMD_wincmd:
+				break;
+
+	    default:		goto doend;
+	}
+    }
+#endif
+
+    if ((ea.argt & EX_XFILE)
+	    && expand_filename(&ea, cmdlinep, &errormsg) == FAIL)
+	goto doend;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    if (is_export && (ea.argt & EX_EXPORT) == 0)
+    {
+	emsg(_(e_invalid_command_after_export));
+	goto doend;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    /*
+     * Accept buffer name.  Cannot be used at the same time with a buffer
+     * number.  Don't do this for a user command.
+     */
+    if ((ea.argt & EX_BUFNAME) && *ea.arg != NUL && ea.addr_count == 0
+	    && !IS_USER_CMDIDX(ea.cmdidx))
+    {
+	/*
+	 * :bdelete, :bwipeout and :bunload take several arguments, separated
+	 * by spaces: find next space (skipping over escaped characters).
+	 * The others take one argument: ignore trailing spaces.
+	 */
+	if (ea.cmdidx == CMD_bdelete || ea.cmdidx == CMD_bwipeout
+						  || ea.cmdidx == CMD_bunload)
+	    p = skiptowhite_esc(ea.arg);
+	else
+	{
+	    p = ea.arg + STRLEN(ea.arg);
+	    while (p > ea.arg && VIM_ISWHITE(p[-1]))
+		--p;
+	}
+	ea.line2 = buflist_findpat(ea.arg, p, (ea.argt & EX_BUFUNL) != 0,
+								FALSE, FALSE);
+	if (ea.line2 < 0)	    // failed
+	    goto doend;
+	ea.addr_count = 1;
+	ea.arg = skipwhite(p);
+    }
+
+    // The :try command saves the emsg_silent flag, reset it here when
+    // ":silent! try" was used, it should only apply to :try itself.
+    if (ea.cmdidx == CMD_try && cmdmod.cmod_did_esilent > 0)
+    {
+	emsg_silent -= cmdmod.cmod_did_esilent;
+	if (emsg_silent < 0)
+	    emsg_silent = 0;
+	cmdmod.cmod_did_esilent = 0;
+    }
+
+/*
+ * 7. Execute the command.
+ */
+
+    if (IS_USER_CMDIDX(ea.cmdidx))
+    {
+	/*
+	 * Execute a user-defined command.
+	 */
+	do_ucmd(&ea);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	/*
+	 * Call the function to execute the builtin command.
+	 */
+	(cmdnames[ea.cmdidx].cmd_func)(&ea);
+	if (ea.errmsg != NULL)
+	    errormsg = ea.errmsg;
+    }
+
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    // A command will reset "is_export" when exporting an item.  If it is still
+    // set something went wrong or the command was never executed.
+    if (!ea.skip && is_export)
+    {
+	if (errormsg == NULL)
+	    errormsg = _(e_export_with_invalid_argument);
+	is_export = FALSE;
+    }
+
+    // Set flag that any command was executed, used by ex_vim9script().
+    // Not if this was a command that wasn't executed or :endif.
+    if (sourcing_a_script(&ea)
+	    && current_sctx.sc_sid > 0
+	    && ea.cmdidx != CMD_endif
+	    && (cstack->cs_idx < 0
+		    || (cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx] & CSF_ACTIVE)))
+	SCRIPT_ITEM(current_sctx.sc_sid)->sn_state = SN_STATE_HAD_COMMAND;
+
+    /*
+     * If the command just executed called do_cmdline(), any throw or ":return"
+     * or ":finish" encountered there must also check the cstack of the still
+     * active do_cmdline() that called this do_one_cmd().  Rethrow an uncaught
+     * exception, or reanimate a returned function or finished script file and
+     * return or finish it again.
+     */
+    if (need_rethrow)
+	do_throw(cstack);
+    else if (check_cstack)
+    {
+	if (source_finished(fgetline, cookie))
+	    do_finish(&ea, TRUE);
+	else if (getline_equal(fgetline, cookie, get_func_line)
+						   && current_func_returned())
+	    do_return(&ea, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
+    }
+    need_rethrow = check_cstack = FALSE;
+#endif
+
+doend:
+    if (curwin->w_cursor.lnum == 0)	// can happen with zero line number
+    {
+	curwin->w_cursor.lnum = 1;
+	curwin->w_cursor.col = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (errormsg != NULL && *errormsg != NUL && !did_emsg)
+    {
+	if ((sourcing || !KeyTyped) && !did_append_cmd)
+	{
+	    if (errormsg != (char *)IObuff)
+	    {
+		STRCPY(IObuff, errormsg);
+		errormsg = (char *)IObuff;
+	    }
+	    append_command(*cmdlinep);
+	}
+	emsg(errormsg);
+    }
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    do_errthrow(cstack,
+	    (ea.cmdidx != CMD_SIZE && !IS_USER_CMDIDX(ea.cmdidx))
+			? cmdnames[(int)ea.cmdidx].cmd_name : (char_u *)NULL);
+
+    if (did_set_expr_line)
+	set_expr_line(NULL, NULL);
+    is_export = FALSE;
+#endif
+
+    undo_cmdmod(&cmdmod);
+    cmdmod = save_cmdmod;
+    reg_executing = save_reg_executing;
+    pending_end_reg_executing = save_pending_end_reg_executing;
+
+    if (ea.nextcmd && *ea.nextcmd == NUL)	// not really a next command
+	ea.nextcmd = NULL;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    --ex_nesting_level;
+    vim_free(ea.cmdline_tofree);
+#endif
+
+    return ea.nextcmd;
+}
+
+static char ex_error_buf[MSG_BUF_LEN];
+
+/*
+ * Return an error message with argument included.
+ * Uses a static buffer, only the last error will be kept.
+ * "msg" will be translated, caller should use N_().
+ */
+     char *
+ex_errmsg(char *msg, char_u *arg)
+{
+    vim_snprintf(ex_error_buf, MSG_BUF_LEN, _(msg), arg);
+    return ex_error_buf;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Handle a range without a command.
+ * Returns an error message on failure.
+ */
+    char *
+ex_range_without_command(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    char *errormsg = NULL;
+
+    if ((*eap->cmd == '|' || (exmode_active && eap->line1 != eap->line2))
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	    && !in_vim9script()
+#endif
+       )
+    {
+	eap->cmdidx = CMD_print;
+	eap->argt = EX_RANGE+EX_COUNT+EX_TRLBAR;
+	if ((errormsg = invalid_range(eap)) == NULL)
+	{
+	    correct_range(eap);
+	    ex_print(eap);
+	}
+    }
+    else if (eap->addr_count != 0)
+    {
+	if (eap->line2 > curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
+	{
+	    // With '-' in 'cpoptions' a line number past the file is an
+	    // error, otherwise put it at the end of the file.
+	    if (vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_MINUS) != NULL)
+		eap->line2 = -1;
+	    else
+		eap->line2 = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
+	}
+
+	if (eap->line2 < 0)
+	    errormsg = _(e_invalid_range);
+	else
+	{
+	    if (eap->line2 == 0)
+		curwin->w_cursor.lnum = 1;
+	    else
+		curwin->w_cursor.lnum = eap->line2;
+	    beginline(BL_SOL | BL_FIX);
+	}
+    }
+    return errormsg;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check for an Ex command with optional tail.
+ * If there is a match advance "pp" to the argument and return TRUE.
+ * If "noparen" is TRUE do not recognize the command followed by "(" or ".".
+ */
+    static int
+checkforcmd_opt(
+    char_u	**pp,		// start of command
+    char	*cmd,		// name of command
+    int		len,		// required length
+    int		noparen)
+{
+    int		i;
+
+    for (i = 0; cmd[i] != NUL; ++i)
+	if (((char_u *)cmd)[i] != (*pp)[i])
+	    break;
+    if (i >= len && !ASCII_ISALPHA((*pp)[i]) && (*pp)[i] != '_'
+			 && (!noparen || ((*pp)[i] != '(' && (*pp)[i] != '.')))
+    {
+	*pp = skipwhite(*pp + i);
+	return TRUE;
+    }
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check for an Ex command with optional tail.
+ * If there is a match advance "pp" to the argument and return TRUE.
+ */
+    int
+checkforcmd(
+    char_u	**pp,		// start of command
+    char	*cmd,		// name of command
+    int		len)		// required length
+{
+    return checkforcmd_opt(pp, cmd, len, FALSE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check for an Ex command with optional tail, not followed by "(" or ".".
+ * If there is a match advance "pp" to the argument and return TRUE.
+ */
+    int
+checkforcmd_noparen(
+    char_u	**pp,		// start of command
+    char	*cmd,		// name of command
+    int		len)		// required length
+{
+    return checkforcmd_opt(pp, cmd, len, TRUE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Parse and skip over command modifiers:
+ * - update eap->cmd
+ * - store flags in "cmod".
+ * - Set ex_pressedreturn for an empty command line.
+ * When "skip_only" is TRUE the global variables are not changed, except for
+ * "cmdmod".
+ * When "skip_only" is FALSE then undo_cmdmod() must be called later to free
+ * any cmod_filter_regmatch.regprog.
+ * Call apply_cmdmod() to get the side effects of the modifiers:
+ * - Increment "sandbox" for ":sandbox"
+ * - set p_verbose for ":verbose"
+ * - set msg_silent for ":silent"
+ * - set 'eventignore' to "all" for ":noautocmd"
+ * Return FAIL when the command is not to be executed.
+ * May set "errormsg" to an error message.
+ */
+    int
+parse_command_modifiers(
+	exarg_T	    *eap,
+	char	    **errormsg,
+	cmdmod_T    *cmod,
+	int	    skip_only)
+{
+    char_u  *orig_cmd = eap->cmd;
+    char_u  *cmd_start = NULL;
+    int	    use_plus_cmd = FALSE;
+    int	    starts_with_colon = FALSE;
+    int	    vim9script = in_vim9script();
+    int	    has_visual_range = FALSE;
+
+    CLEAR_POINTER(cmod);
+    cmod->cmod_flags = sticky_cmdmod_flags;
+
+    if (STRNCMP(eap->cmd, "'<,'>", 5) == 0)
+    {
+	// The automatically inserted Visual area range is skipped, so that
+	// typing ":cmdmod cmd" in Visual mode works without having to move the
+	// range to after the modififiers. The command will be
+	// "'<,'>cmdmod cmd", parse "cmdmod cmd" and then put back "'<,'>"
+	// before "cmd" below.
+	eap->cmd += 5;
+	cmd_start = eap->cmd;
+	has_visual_range = TRUE;
+    }
+
+    // Repeat until no more command modifiers are found.
+    for (;;)
+    {
+	char_u  *p;
+
+	while (*eap->cmd == ' ' || *eap->cmd == '\t' || *eap->cmd == ':')
+	{
+	    if (*eap->cmd == ':')
+		starts_with_colon = TRUE;
+	    ++eap->cmd;
+	}
+
+	// in ex mode, an empty command (after modifiers) works like :+
+	if (*eap->cmd == NUL && exmode_active
+		   && (getline_equal(eap->ea_getline, eap->cookie, getexmodeline)
+		       || getline_equal(eap->ea_getline, eap->cookie, getexline))
+			&& curwin->w_cursor.lnum < curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
+	{
+	    use_plus_cmd = TRUE;
+	    if (!skip_only)
+		ex_pressedreturn = TRUE;
+	    break;  // no modifiers following
+	}
+
+	// ignore comment and empty lines
+	if (comment_start(eap->cmd, starts_with_colon))
+	{
+	    // a comment ends at a NL
+	    if (eap->nextcmd == NULL)
+	    {
+		eap->nextcmd = vim_strchr(eap->cmd, '\n');
+		if (eap->nextcmd != NULL)
+		    ++eap->nextcmd;
+	    }
+	    if (vim9script)
+	    {
+		if (has_cmdmod(cmod, FALSE))
+		    *errormsg = _(e_command_modifier_without_command);
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+		if (eap->cmd[0] == '#' && eap->cmd[1] == '{'
+							 && eap->cmd[2] != '{')
+		    *errormsg = _(e_cannot_use_hash_curly_to_start_comment);
+#endif
+	    }
+	    return FAIL;
+	}
+	if (*eap->cmd == NUL)
+	{
+	    if (!skip_only)
+	    {
+		ex_pressedreturn = TRUE;
+		if (vim9script && has_cmdmod(cmod, FALSE))
+		    *errormsg = _(e_command_modifier_without_command);
+	    }
+	    return FAIL;
+	}
+
+	p = skip_range(eap->cmd, TRUE, NULL);
+
+	// In Vim9 script a variable can shadow a command modifier:
+	//   verbose = 123
+	//   verbose += 123
+	//   silent! verbose = func()
+	//   verbose.member = 2
+	//   verbose[expr] = 2
+	// But not:
+	//   verbose [a, b] = list
+	if (vim9script)
+	{
+	    char_u *s, *n;
+
+	    for (s = eap->cmd; ASCII_ISALPHA(*s); ++s)
+		;
+	    n = skipwhite(s);
+	    if (*n == '.' || *n == '=' || (*n != NUL && n[1] == '=')
+		    || *s == '[')
+		break;
+	}
+
+	switch (*p)
+	{
+	    // When adding an entry, also modify cmdmods[].
+	    case 'a':	if (!checkforcmd_noparen(&eap->cmd, "aboveleft", 3))
+			    break;
+			cmod->cmod_split |= WSP_ABOVE;
+			continue;
+
+	    case 'b':	if (checkforcmd_noparen(&eap->cmd, "belowright", 3))
+			{
+			    cmod->cmod_split |= WSP_BELOW;
+			    continue;
+			}
+			if (checkforcmd_opt(&eap->cmd, "browse", 3, TRUE))
+			{
+#ifdef FEAT_BROWSE_CMD
+			    cmod->cmod_flags |= CMOD_BROWSE;
+#endif
+			    continue;
+			}
+			if (!checkforcmd_noparen(&eap->cmd, "botright", 2))
+			    break;
+			cmod->cmod_split |= WSP_BOT;
+			continue;
+
+	    case 'c':	if (!checkforcmd_opt(&eap->cmd, "confirm", 4, TRUE))
+			    break;
+#if defined(FEAT_GUI_DIALOG) || defined(FEAT_CON_DIALOG)
+			cmod->cmod_flags |= CMOD_CONFIRM;
+#endif
+			continue;
+
+	    case 'k':	if (checkforcmd_noparen(&eap->cmd, "keepmarks", 3))
+			{
+			    cmod->cmod_flags |= CMOD_KEEPMARKS;
+			    continue;
+			}
+			if (checkforcmd_noparen(&eap->cmd, "keepalt", 5))
+			{
+			    cmod->cmod_flags |= CMOD_KEEPALT;
+			    continue;
+			}
+			if (checkforcmd_noparen(&eap->cmd, "keeppatterns", 5))
+			{
+			    cmod->cmod_flags |= CMOD_KEEPPATTERNS;
+			    continue;
+			}
+			if (!checkforcmd_noparen(&eap->cmd, "keepjumps", 5))
+			    break;
+			cmod->cmod_flags |= CMOD_KEEPJUMPS;
+			continue;
+
+	    case 'f':	// only accept ":filter {pat} cmd"
+			{
+			    char_u  *reg_pat;
+			    char_u  *nulp = NULL;
+			    int	    c = 0;
+
+			    if (!checkforcmd_noparen(&p, "filter", 4)
+				    || *p == NUL
+				    || (ends_excmd(*p)
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+					// in ":filter #pat# cmd" # does not
+					// start a comment
+				     && (!vim9script || VIM_ISWHITE(p[1]))
+#endif
+				     ))
+				break;
+			    if (*p == '!')
+			    {
+				cmod->cmod_filter_force = TRUE;
+				p = skipwhite(p + 1);
+				if (*p == NUL || ends_excmd(*p))
+				    break;
+			    }
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+			    // Avoid that "filter(arg)" is recognized.
+			    if (vim9script && !VIM_ISWHITE(p[-1]))
+				break;
+#endif
+			    if (skip_only)
+				p = skip_vimgrep_pat(p, NULL, NULL);
+			    else
+				// NOTE: This puts a NUL after the pattern.
+				p = skip_vimgrep_pat_ext(p, &reg_pat, NULL,
+								    &nulp, &c);
+			    if (p == NULL || *p == NUL)
+				break;
+			    if (!skip_only)
+			    {
+				cmod->cmod_filter_regmatch.regprog =
+						vim_regcomp(reg_pat, RE_MAGIC);
+				if (cmod->cmod_filter_regmatch.regprog == NULL)
+				    break;
+				// restore the character overwritten by NUL
+				if (nulp != NULL)
+				    *nulp = c;
+			    }
+			    eap->cmd = p;
+			    continue;
+			}
+
+	    case 'h':	if (checkforcmd_noparen(&eap->cmd, "horizontal", 3))
+			{
+			    cmod->cmod_split |= WSP_HOR;
+			    continue;
+			}
+			// ":hide" and ":hide | cmd" are not modifiers
+			if (p != eap->cmd || !checkforcmd_noparen(&p, "hide", 3)
+					       || *p == NUL || ends_excmd(*p))
+			    break;
+			eap->cmd = p;
+			cmod->cmod_flags |= CMOD_HIDE;
+			continue;
+
+	    case 'l':	if (checkforcmd_noparen(&eap->cmd, "lockmarks", 3))
+			{
+			    cmod->cmod_flags |= CMOD_LOCKMARKS;
+			    continue;
+			}
+			if (checkforcmd_noparen(&eap->cmd, "legacy", 3))
+			{
+			    if (ends_excmd2(p, eap->cmd))
+			    {
+				*errormsg =
+				      _(e_legacy_must_be_followed_by_command);
+				return FAIL;
+			    }
+			    cmod->cmod_flags |= CMOD_LEGACY;
+			    continue;
+			}
+
+			if (!checkforcmd_noparen(&eap->cmd, "leftabove", 5))
+			    break;
+			cmod->cmod_split |= WSP_ABOVE;
+			continue;
+
+	    case 'n':	if (checkforcmd_noparen(&eap->cmd, "noautocmd", 3))
+			{
+			    cmod->cmod_flags |= CMOD_NOAUTOCMD;
+			    continue;
+			}
+			if (!checkforcmd_noparen(&eap->cmd, "noswapfile", 3))
+			    break;
+			cmod->cmod_flags |= CMOD_NOSWAPFILE;
+			continue;
+
+	    case 'r':	if (!checkforcmd_noparen(&eap->cmd, "rightbelow", 6))
+			    break;
+			cmod->cmod_split |= WSP_BELOW;
+			continue;
+
+	    case 's':	if (checkforcmd_noparen(&eap->cmd, "sandbox", 3))
+			{
+			    cmod->cmod_flags |= CMOD_SANDBOX;
+			    continue;
+			}
+			if (!checkforcmd_noparen(&eap->cmd, "silent", 3))
+			    break;
+			cmod->cmod_flags |= CMOD_SILENT;
+			if (*eap->cmd == '!' && !VIM_ISWHITE(eap->cmd[-1]))
+			{
+			    // ":silent!", but not "silent !cmd"
+			    eap->cmd = skipwhite(eap->cmd + 1);
+			    cmod->cmod_flags |= CMOD_ERRSILENT;
+			}
+			continue;
+
+	    case 't':	if (checkforcmd_noparen(&p, "tab", 3))
+			{
+			    if (!skip_only)
+			    {
+				long tabnr = get_address(eap, &eap->cmd,
+						    ADDR_TABS, eap->skip,
+						    skip_only, FALSE, 1);
+				if (tabnr == MAXLNUM)
+				    cmod->cmod_tab = tabpage_index(curtab) + 1;
+				else
+				{
+				    if (tabnr < 0 || tabnr > LAST_TAB_NR)
+				    {
+					*errormsg = _(e_invalid_range);
+					return FAIL;
+				    }
+				    cmod->cmod_tab = tabnr + 1;
+				}
+			    }
+			    eap->cmd = p;
+			    continue;
+			}
+			if (!checkforcmd_noparen(&eap->cmd, "topleft", 2))
+			    break;
+			cmod->cmod_split |= WSP_TOP;
+			continue;
+
+	    case 'u':	if (!checkforcmd_noparen(&eap->cmd, "unsilent", 3))
+			    break;
+			cmod->cmod_flags |= CMOD_UNSILENT;
+			continue;
+
+	    case 'v':	if (checkforcmd_noparen(&eap->cmd, "vertical", 4))
+			{
+			    cmod->cmod_split |= WSP_VERT;
+			    continue;
+			}
+			if (checkforcmd_noparen(&eap->cmd, "vim9cmd", 4))
+			{
+			    if (ends_excmd2(p, eap->cmd))
+			    {
+				*errormsg =
+				      _(e_vim9cmd_must_be_followed_by_command);
+				return FAIL;
+			    }
+			    cmod->cmod_flags |= CMOD_VIM9CMD;
+			    continue;
+			}
+			if (!checkforcmd_noparen(&p, "verbose", 4))
+			    break;
+			if (vim_isdigit(*eap->cmd))
+			{
+			    // zero means not set, one is verbose == 0, etc.
+			    cmod->cmod_verbose = atoi((char *)eap->cmd) + 1;
+			}
+			else
+			    cmod->cmod_verbose = 2;  // default: verbose == 1
+			eap->cmd = p;
+			continue;
+	}
+	break;
+    }
+
+    if (has_visual_range)
+    {
+	if (eap->cmd > cmd_start)
+	{
+	    // Move the '<,'> range to after the modifiers and insert a colon.
+	    // Since the modifiers have been parsed put the colon on top of the
+	    // space: "'<,'>mod cmd" -> "mod:'<,'>cmd
+	    // Put eap->cmd after the colon.
+	    if (use_plus_cmd)
+	    {
+		size_t len = STRLEN(cmd_start);
+
+		// Special case: empty command uses "+":
+		//  "'<,'>mods" -> "mods *+
+		//  Use "*" instead of "'<,'>" to avoid the command getting
+		//  longer, in case it was allocated.
+		mch_memmove(orig_cmd, cmd_start, len);
+		STRCPY(orig_cmd + len, " *+");
+	    }
+	    else
+	    {
+		mch_memmove(cmd_start - 5, cmd_start, eap->cmd - cmd_start);
+		eap->cmd -= 5;
+		mch_memmove(eap->cmd - 1, ":'<,'>", 6);
+	    }
+	}
+	else
+	    // No modifiers, move the pointer back.
+	    // Special case: change empty command to "+".
+	    if (use_plus_cmd)
+		eap->cmd = (char_u *)"'<,'>+";
+	    else
+		eap->cmd = orig_cmd;
+    }
+    else if (use_plus_cmd)
+	eap->cmd = (char_u *)"+";
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return TRUE if "cmod" has anything set.
+ */
+    int
+has_cmdmod(cmdmod_T *cmod, int ignore_silent)
+{
+    return (cmod->cmod_flags != 0 && (!ignore_silent
+		|| (cmod->cmod_flags
+		      & ~(CMOD_SILENT | CMOD_ERRSILENT | CMOD_UNSILENT)) != 0))
+	    || cmod->cmod_split != 0
+	    || cmod->cmod_verbose > 0
+	    || cmod->cmod_tab != 0
+	    || cmod->cmod_filter_regmatch.regprog != NULL;
+}
+
+#if defined(FEAT_EVAL) || defined(PROTO)
+/*
+ * If Vim9 script and "cmdmod" has anything set give an error and return TRUE.
+ */
+    int
+cmdmod_error(int ignore_silent)
+{
+    if (in_vim9script() && has_cmdmod(&cmdmod, ignore_silent))
+    {
+	emsg(_(e_misplaced_command_modifier));
+	return TRUE;
+    }
+    return FALSE;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Apply the command modifiers.  Saves current state in "cmdmod", call
+ * undo_cmdmod() later.
+ */
+    void
+apply_cmdmod(cmdmod_T *cmod)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_SANDBOX
+    if ((cmod->cmod_flags & CMOD_SANDBOX) && !cmod->cmod_did_sandbox)
+    {
+	++sandbox;
+	cmod->cmod_did_sandbox = TRUE;
+    }
+#endif
+    if (cmod->cmod_verbose > 0)
+    {
+	if (cmod->cmod_verbose_save == 0)
+	    cmod->cmod_verbose_save = p_verbose + 1;
+	p_verbose = cmod->cmod_verbose - 1;
+    }
+
+    if ((cmod->cmod_flags & (CMOD_SILENT | CMOD_UNSILENT))
+	    && cmod->cmod_save_msg_silent == 0)
+    {
+	cmod->cmod_save_msg_silent = msg_silent + 1;
+	cmod->cmod_save_msg_scroll = msg_scroll;
+    }
+    if (cmod->cmod_flags & CMOD_SILENT)
+	++msg_silent;
+    if (cmod->cmod_flags & CMOD_UNSILENT)
+	msg_silent = 0;
+
+    if (cmod->cmod_flags & CMOD_ERRSILENT)
+    {
+	++emsg_silent;
+	++cmod->cmod_did_esilent;
+    }
+
+    if ((cmod->cmod_flags & CMOD_NOAUTOCMD) && cmod->cmod_save_ei == NULL)
+    {
+	// Set 'eventignore' to "all".
+	// First save the existing option value for restoring it later.
+	cmod->cmod_save_ei = vim_strsave(p_ei);
+	set_string_option_direct((char_u *)"ei", -1,
+					  (char_u *)"all", OPT_FREE, SID_NONE);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Undo and free contents of "cmod".
+ */
+    void
+undo_cmdmod(cmdmod_T *cmod)
+{
+    if (cmod->cmod_verbose_save > 0)
+    {
+	p_verbose = cmod->cmod_verbose_save - 1;
+	cmod->cmod_verbose_save = 0;
+    }
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SANDBOX
+    if (cmod->cmod_did_sandbox)
+    {
+	--sandbox;
+	cmod->cmod_did_sandbox = FALSE;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    if (cmod->cmod_save_ei != NULL)
+    {
+	// Restore 'eventignore' to the value before ":noautocmd".
+	set_string_option_direct((char_u *)"ei", -1, cmod->cmod_save_ei,
+							   OPT_FREE, SID_NONE);
+	free_string_option(cmod->cmod_save_ei);
+	cmod->cmod_save_ei = NULL;
+    }
+
+    vim_regfree(cmod->cmod_filter_regmatch.regprog);
+
+    if (cmod->cmod_save_msg_silent > 0)
+    {
+	// messages could be enabled for a serious error, need to check if the
+	// counters don't become negative
+	if (!did_emsg || msg_silent > cmod->cmod_save_msg_silent - 1)
+	    msg_silent = cmod->cmod_save_msg_silent - 1;
+	emsg_silent -= cmod->cmod_did_esilent;
+	if (emsg_silent < 0)
+	    emsg_silent = 0;
+	// Restore msg_scroll, it's set by file I/O commands, even when no
+	// message is actually displayed.
+	msg_scroll = cmod->cmod_save_msg_scroll;
+
+	// "silent reg" or "silent echo x" inside "redir" leaves msg_col
+	// somewhere in the line.  Put it back in the first column.
+	if (redirecting())
+	    msg_col = 0;
+
+	cmod->cmod_save_msg_silent = 0;
+	cmod->cmod_did_esilent = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Parse the address range, if any, in "eap".
+ * May set the last search pattern, unless "silent" is TRUE.
+ * Return FAIL and set "errormsg" or return OK.
+ */
+    int
+parse_cmd_address(exarg_T *eap, char **errormsg, int silent)
+{
+    int		address_count = 1;
+    linenr_T	lnum;
+    int		need_check_cursor = FALSE;
+    int		ret = FAIL;
+
+    // Repeat for all ',' or ';' separated addresses.
+    for (;;)
+    {
+	eap->line1 = eap->line2;
+	eap->line2 = default_address(eap);
+	eap->cmd = skipwhite(eap->cmd);
+	lnum = get_address(eap, &eap->cmd, eap->addr_type, eap->skip, silent,
+					eap->addr_count == 0, address_count++);
+	if (eap->cmd == NULL)	// error detected
+	    goto theend;
+	if (lnum == MAXLNUM)
+	{
+	    if (*eap->cmd == '%')   // '%' - all lines
+	    {
+		++eap->cmd;
+		switch (eap->addr_type)
+		{
+		    case ADDR_LINES:
+		    case ADDR_OTHER:
+			eap->line1 = 1;
+			eap->line2 = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
+			break;
+		    case ADDR_LOADED_BUFFERS:
+			{
+			    buf_T	*buf = firstbuf;
+
+			    while (buf->b_next != NULL
+						  && buf->b_ml.ml_mfp == NULL)
+				buf = buf->b_next;
+			    eap->line1 = buf->b_fnum;
+			    buf = lastbuf;
+			    while (buf->b_prev != NULL
+						  && buf->b_ml.ml_mfp == NULL)
+				buf = buf->b_prev;
+			    eap->line2 = buf->b_fnum;
+			    break;
+			}
+		    case ADDR_BUFFERS:
+			eap->line1 = firstbuf->b_fnum;
+			eap->line2 = lastbuf->b_fnum;
+			break;
+		    case ADDR_WINDOWS:
+		    case ADDR_TABS:
+			if (IS_USER_CMDIDX(eap->cmdidx))
+			{
+			    eap->line1 = 1;
+			    eap->line2 = eap->addr_type == ADDR_WINDOWS
+						  ? LAST_WIN_NR : LAST_TAB_NR;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+			    // there is no Vim command which uses '%' and
+			    // ADDR_WINDOWS or ADDR_TABS
+			    *errormsg = _(e_invalid_range);
+			    goto theend;
+			}
+			break;
+		    case ADDR_TABS_RELATIVE:
+		    case ADDR_UNSIGNED:
+		    case ADDR_QUICKFIX:
+			*errormsg = _(e_invalid_range);
+			goto theend;
+		    case ADDR_ARGUMENTS:
+			if (ARGCOUNT == 0)
+			    eap->line1 = eap->line2 = 0;
+			else
+			{
+			    eap->line1 = 1;
+			    eap->line2 = ARGCOUNT;
+			}
+			break;
+		    case ADDR_QUICKFIX_VALID:
+#ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
+			eap->line1 = 1;
+			eap->line2 = qf_get_valid_size(eap);
+			if (eap->line2 == 0)
+			    eap->line2 = 1;
+#endif
+			break;
+		    case ADDR_NONE:
+			// Will give an error later if a range is found.
+			break;
+		}
+		++eap->addr_count;
+	    }
+	    else if (*eap->cmd == '*' && vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_STAR) == NULL)
+	    {
+		pos_T	    *fp;
+
+		// '*' - visual area
+		if (eap->addr_type != ADDR_LINES)
+		{
+		    *errormsg = _(e_invalid_range);
+		    goto theend;
+		}
+
+		++eap->cmd;
+		if (!eap->skip)
+		{
+		    fp = getmark('<', FALSE);
+		    if (check_mark(fp) == FAIL)
+			goto theend;
+		    eap->line1 = fp->lnum;
+		    fp = getmark('>', FALSE);
+		    if (check_mark(fp) == FAIL)
+			goto theend;
+		    eap->line2 = fp->lnum;
+		    ++eap->addr_count;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+	else
+	    eap->line2 = lnum;
+	eap->addr_count++;
+
+	if (*eap->cmd == ';')
+	{
+	    if (!eap->skip)
+	    {
+		curwin->w_cursor.lnum = eap->line2;
+
+		// Don't leave the cursor on an illegal line or column, but do
+		// accept zero as address, so 0;/PATTERN/ works correctly
+		// (where zero usually means to use the first line).
+		// Check the cursor position before returning.
+		if (eap->line2 > 0)
+		    check_cursor();
+		else
+		    check_cursor_col();
+		need_check_cursor = TRUE;
+	    }
+	}
+	else if (*eap->cmd != ',')
+	    break;
+	++eap->cmd;
+    }
+
+    // One address given: set start and end lines.
+    if (eap->addr_count == 1)
+    {
+	eap->line1 = eap->line2;
+	// ... but only implicit: really no address given
+	if (lnum == MAXLNUM)
+	    eap->addr_count = 0;
+    }
+    ret = OK;
+
+theend:
+    if (need_check_cursor)
+	check_cursor();
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Append "cmd" to the error message in IObuff.
+ * Takes care of limiting the length and handling 0xa0, which would be
+ * invisible otherwise.
+ */
+    static void
+append_command(char_u *cmd)
+{
+    size_t  len = STRLEN(IObuff);
+    char_u  *s = cmd;
+    char_u  *d;
+
+    if (len > IOSIZE - 100)
+    {
+	// Not enough space, truncate and put in "...".
+	d = IObuff + IOSIZE - 100;
+	d -= mb_head_off(IObuff, d);
+	STRCPY(d, "...");
+    }
+    STRCAT(IObuff, ": ");
+    d = IObuff + STRLEN(IObuff);
+    while (*s != NUL && d - IObuff + 5 < IOSIZE)
+    {
+	if (enc_utf8 ? (s[0] == 0xc2 && s[1] == 0xa0) : *s == 0xa0)
+	{
+	    s += enc_utf8 ? 2 : 1;
+	    STRCPY(d, "<a0>");
+	    d += 4;
+	}
+	else if (d - IObuff + (*mb_ptr2len)(s) + 1 >= IOSIZE)
+	    break;
+	else
+	    MB_COPY_CHAR(s, d);
+    }
+    *d = NUL;
+}
+
+#if defined(FEAT_EVAL) || defined(PROTO)
+/*
+ * If "start" points "&opt", "&l:opt", "&g:opt" or "$ENV" return a pointer to
+ * the name.  Otherwise just return "start".
+ */
+    char_u *
+skip_option_env_lead(char_u *start)
+{
+    char_u *name = start;
+
+    if (*start == '&')
+    {
+	if ((start[1] == 'l' || start[1] == 'g') && start[2] == ':')
+	    name += 3;
+	else
+	    name += 1;
+    }
+    else if (*start == '$')
+	name += 1;
+    return name;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Return TRUE and set "*idx" if "p" points to a one letter command.
+ * If not in Vim9 script:
+ * - The 'k' command can directly be followed by any character.
+ * - The 's' command can be followed directly by 'c', 'g', 'i', 'I' or 'r'
+ *	    but :sre[wind] is another command, as are :scr[iptnames],
+ *	    :scs[cope], :sim[alt], :sig[ns] and :sil[ent].
+ */
+    static int
+one_letter_cmd(char_u *p, cmdidx_T *idx)
+{
+    if (in_vim9script())
+	return FALSE;
+    if (*p == 'k')
+    {
+	*idx = CMD_k;
+	return TRUE;
+    }
+    if (p[0] == 's'
+	    && ((p[1] == 'c' && (p[2] == NUL || (p[2] != 's' && p[2] != 'r'
+			&& (p[3] == NUL || (p[3] != 'i' && p[4] != 'p')))))
+		|| p[1] == 'g'
+		|| (p[1] == 'i' && p[2] != 'm' && p[2] != 'l' && p[2] != 'g')
+		|| p[1] == 'I'
+		|| (p[1] == 'r' && p[2] != 'e')))
+    {
+	*idx = CMD_substitute;
+	return TRUE;
+    }
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+#if defined(FEAT_EVAL) || defined(PROTO)
+/*
+ * Return TRUE if "cmd" starts with "123->", a number followed by a method
+ * call.
+ */
+    int
+number_method(char_u *cmd)
+{
+    char_u *p = skipdigits(cmd);
+
+    return p > cmd && (p = skipwhite(p))[0] == '-' && p[1] == '>';
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Find an Ex command by its name, either built-in or user.
+ * Start of the name can be found at eap->cmd.
+ * Sets eap->cmdidx and returns a pointer to char after the command name.
+ * "full" is set to TRUE if the whole command name matched.
+ *
+ * If "lookup" is not NULL recognize expression without "eval" or "call" and
+ * assignment without "let".  Sets eap->cmdidx to the command while returning
+ * "eap->cmd".
+ *
+ * Returns NULL for an ambiguous user command.
+ */
+    char_u *
+find_ex_command(
+	exarg_T *eap,
+	int	*full UNUSED,
+	int	(*lookup)(char_u *, size_t, int cmd, cctx_T *) UNUSED,
+	cctx_T	*cctx UNUSED)
+{
+    int		len;
+    char_u	*p;
+    int		i;
+#ifndef FEAT_EVAL
+    int		vim9 = FALSE;
+#else
+    int		vim9 = in_vim9script();
+
+    /*
+     * Recognize a Vim9 script function/method call and assignment:
+     * "lvar = value", "lvar(arg)", "[1, 2 3]->Func()"
+     */
+    p = eap->cmd;
+    if (lookup != NULL)
+    {
+	char_u *pskip = skip_option_env_lead(eap->cmd);
+
+	if (vim_strchr((char_u *)"{('[\"@&$", *p) != NULL
+	       || ((p = to_name_const_end(pskip)) > eap->cmd && *p != NUL)
+	       || (p[0] == '0' && p[1] == 'z'))
+	{
+	    int	    oplen;
+	    int	    heredoc;
+	    char_u  *swp;
+
+	    if (*eap->cmd == '&'
+		    || (eap->cmd[0] == '$'
+				  && eap->cmd[1] != '\'' && eap->cmd[1] != '"')
+		    || (eap->cmd[0] == '@'
+					&& (valid_yank_reg(eap->cmd[1], FALSE)
+						       || eap->cmd[1] == '@')))
+	    {
+		if (*eap->cmd == '&')
+		{
+		    p = eap->cmd + 1;
+		    if (STRNCMP("l:", p, 2) == 0 || STRNCMP("g:", p, 2) == 0)
+			p += 2;
+		    p = to_name_end(p, FALSE);
+		}
+		else if (*eap->cmd == '$')
+		    p = to_name_end(eap->cmd + 1, FALSE);
+		else
+		    p = eap->cmd + 2;
+		if (ends_excmd(*skipwhite(p)))
+		{
+		    // "&option <NL>", "$ENV <NL>" and "@r <NL>" are the start
+		    // of an expression.
+		    eap->cmdidx = CMD_eval;
+		    return eap->cmd;
+		}
+		// "&option" can be followed by "->" or "=", check below
+	    }
+
+	    swp = skipwhite(p);
+
+	    if (
+		// "(..." is an expression.
+		// "funcname(" is always a function call.
+		*p == '('
+		    || (p == eap->cmd
+			? (
+			    // "{..." is a dict expression or block start.
+			    *eap->cmd == '{'
+			    // "'string'->func()" is an expression.
+			 || *eap->cmd == '\''
+			    // '"string"->func()' is an expression.
+			 || *eap->cmd == '"'
+			    // '$"string"->func()' is an expression.
+			    // "$'string'->func()" is an expression.
+			 || (eap->cmd[0] == '$'
+			     && (eap->cmd[1] == '\'' || eap->cmd[1] == '"'))
+			    // '0z1234->func()' is an expression.
+			 || (eap->cmd[0] == '0' && eap->cmd[1] == 'z')
+			    // "g:varname" is an expression.
+			 || eap->cmd[1] == ':'
+			    )
+			    // "varname->func()" is an expression.
+			: (*swp == '-' && swp[1] == '>')))
+	    {
+		if (*eap->cmd == '{' && ends_excmd(*skipwhite(eap->cmd + 1)))
+		{
+		    // "{" by itself is the start of a block.
+		    eap->cmdidx = CMD_block;
+		    return eap->cmd + 1;
+		}
+		eap->cmdidx = CMD_eval;
+		return eap->cmd;
+	    }
+
+	    if ((p != eap->cmd && (
+			    // "varname[]" is an expression.
+			    *p == '['
+			    // "varname.key" is an expression.
+			 || (*p == '.'
+				     && (ASCII_ISALPHA(p[1]) || p[1] == '_'))))
+			// g:[key] is an expression
+		    || STRNCMP(eap->cmd, "g:[", 3) == 0)
+	    {
+		char_u	*after = eap->cmd;
+
+		// When followed by "=" or "+=" then it is an assignment.
+		// Skip over the whole thing, it can be:
+		//	name.member = val
+		//	name[a : b] = val
+		//	name[idx] = val
+		//	name[idx].member = val
+		//	etc.
+		eap->cmdidx = CMD_eval;
+		++emsg_silent;
+		if (skip_expr(&after, NULL) == OK)
+		{
+		    after = skipwhite(after);
+		    if (*after == '=' || (*after != NUL && after[1] == '=')
+					 || (after[0] == '.' && after[1] == '.'
+							   && after[2] == '='))
+			eap->cmdidx = CMD_var;
+		}
+		--emsg_silent;
+		return eap->cmd;
+	    }
+
+	    // "[...]->Method()" is a list expression, but "[a, b] = Func()" is
+	    // an assignment.
+	    // If there is no line break inside the "[...]" then "p" is
+	    // advanced to after the "]" by to_name_const_end(): check if a "="
+	    // follows.
+	    // If "[...]" has a line break "p" still points at the "[" and it
+	    // can't be an assignment.
+	    if (*eap->cmd == '[')
+	    {
+		char_u	    *eq;
+
+		p = to_name_const_end(eap->cmd);
+		if (p == eap->cmd && *p == '[')
+		{
+		    int count = 0;
+		    int	semicolon = FALSE;
+
+		    p = skip_var_list(eap->cmd, TRUE, &count, &semicolon, TRUE);
+		}
+		eq = p;
+		if (eq != NULL)
+		{
+		    eq = skipwhite(eq);
+		    if (vim_strchr((char_u *)"+-*/%", *eq) != NULL)
+			++eq;
+		}
+		if (p == NULL || p == eap->cmd || *eq != '=')
+		{
+		    eap->cmdidx = CMD_eval;
+		    return eap->cmd;
+		}
+		if (p > eap->cmd && *eq == '=')
+		{
+		    eap->cmdidx = CMD_var;
+		    return eap->cmd;
+		}
+	    }
+
+	    // Recognize an assignment if we recognize the variable name:
+	    // "g:var = expr"
+	    // "@r = expr"
+	    // "&opt = expr"
+	    // "var = expr"  where "var" is a variable name or we are skipping
+	    // (variable declaration might have been skipped).
+	    // Not "redir => var" (when skipping).
+	    oplen = assignment_len(skipwhite(p), &heredoc);
+	    if (oplen > 0)
+	    {
+		if (((p - eap->cmd) > 2 && eap->cmd[1] == ':')
+			|| *eap->cmd == '&'
+			|| *eap->cmd == '$'
+			|| *eap->cmd == '@'
+			|| (eap->skip && IS_WHITE_OR_NUL(
+						      *(skipwhite(p) + oplen)))
+			|| lookup(eap->cmd, p - eap->cmd, TRUE, cctx) == OK)
+		{
+		    eap->cmdidx = CMD_var;
+		    return eap->cmd;
+		}
+	    }
+
+	    // Recognize trying to use a type for a w:, b:, t: or g: variable:
+	    // "w:varname: number = 123".
+	    if (eap->cmd[1] == ':' && *p == ':')
+	    {
+		eap->cmdidx = CMD_var;
+		return eap->cmd;
+	    }
+	}
+
+	// 1234->func() is a method call
+	if (number_method(eap->cmd))
+	{
+	    eap->cmdidx = CMD_eval;
+	    return eap->cmd;
+	}
+
+	// "g:", "s:" and "l:" are always assumed to be a variable, thus start
+	// an expression.  A global/substitute/list command needs to use a
+	// longer name.
+	if (vim_strchr((char_u *)"gsl", *p) != NULL && p[1] == ':')
+	{
+	    eap->cmdidx = CMD_eval;
+	    return eap->cmd;
+	}
+
+	// If it is an ID it might be a variable with an operator on the next
+	// line, if the variable exists it can't be an Ex command.
+	if (p > eap->cmd && ends_excmd(*skipwhite(p))
+		&& (lookup(eap->cmd, p - eap->cmd, TRUE, cctx) == OK
+		    || (ASCII_ISALPHA(eap->cmd[0]) && eap->cmd[1] == ':')))
+	{
+	    eap->cmdidx = CMD_eval;
+	    return eap->cmd;
+	}
+
+	// Check for "++nr" and "--nr".
+	if (p == eap->cmd && p[0] != NUL && p[0] == p[1]
+						   && (*p == '+' || *p == '-'))
+	{
+	    eap->cmdidx = *p == '+' ? CMD_increment : CMD_decrement;
+	    return eap->cmd + 2;
+	}
+    }
+#endif
+
+    /*
+     * Isolate the command and search for it in the command table.
+     */
+    p = eap->cmd;
+    if (one_letter_cmd(p, &eap->cmdidx))
+    {
+	++p;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	while (ASCII_ISALPHA(*p))
+	    ++p;
+	// for python 3.x support ":py3", ":python3", ":py3file", etc.
+	if (eap->cmd[0] == 'p' && eap->cmd[1] == 'y')
+	{
+	    while (ASCII_ISALNUM(*p))
+		++p;
+	}
+	else if (*p == '9' && STRNCMP("vim9", eap->cmd, 4) == 0)
+	{
+	    // include "9" for "vim9*" commands; "vim9cmd" and "vim9script".
+	    ++p;
+	    while (ASCII_ISALPHA(*p))
+		++p;
+	}
+
+	// check for non-alpha command
+	if (p == eap->cmd && vim_strchr((char_u *)"@*!=><&~#}", *p) != NULL)
+	    ++p;
+	len = (int)(p - eap->cmd);
+	// The "d" command can directly be followed by 'l' or 'p' flag, when
+	// not in Vim9 script.
+	if (!vim9 && *eap->cmd == 'd' && (p[-1] == 'l' || p[-1] == 'p'))
+	{
+	    // Check for ":dl", ":dell", etc. to ":deletel": that's
+	    // :delete with the 'l' flag.  Same for 'p'.
+	    for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+		if (eap->cmd[i] != ((char_u *)"delete")[i])
+		    break;
+	    if (i == len - 1)
+	    {
+		--len;
+		if (p[-1] == 'l')
+		    eap->flags |= EXFLAG_LIST;
+		else
+		    eap->flags |= EXFLAG_PRINT;
+	    }
+	}
+
+	if (ASCII_ISLOWER(eap->cmd[0]))
+	{
+	    int c1 = eap->cmd[0];
+	    int c2 = len == 1 ? NUL : eap->cmd[1];
+
+	    if (command_count != (int)CMD_SIZE)
+	    {
+		iemsg(e_command_table_needs_to_be_updated_run_make_cmdidxs);
+		getout(1);
+	    }
+
+	    // Use a precomputed index for fast look-up in cmdnames[]
+	    // taking into account the first 2 letters of eap->cmd.
+	    eap->cmdidx = cmdidxs1[CharOrdLow(c1)];
+	    if (ASCII_ISLOWER(c2))
+		eap->cmdidx += cmdidxs2[CharOrdLow(c1)][CharOrdLow(c2)];
+	}
+	else if (ASCII_ISUPPER(eap->cmd[0]))
+	    eap->cmdidx = CMD_Next;
+	else
+	    eap->cmdidx = CMD_bang;
+
+	for ( ; (int)eap->cmdidx < (int)CMD_SIZE;
+			       eap->cmdidx = (cmdidx_T)((int)eap->cmdidx + 1))
+	    if (STRNCMP(cmdnames[(int)eap->cmdidx].cmd_name, (char *)eap->cmd,
+							    (size_t)len) == 0)
+	    {
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+		if (full != NULL && cmdnames[eap->cmdidx].cmd_name[len] == NUL)
+		    *full = TRUE;
+#endif
+		break;
+	    }
+
+	// :Print and :mode are not supported in Vim9 script.
+	// Some commands cannot be shortened in Vim9 script.
+	if (vim9 && eap->cmdidx != CMD_SIZE)
+	{
+	    if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_mode || eap->cmdidx == CMD_Print)
+		eap->cmdidx = CMD_SIZE;
+	    else if ((cmdnames[eap->cmdidx].cmd_argt & EX_WHOLE)
+			  && len < (int)STRLEN(cmdnames[eap->cmdidx].cmd_name))
+	    {
+		semsg(_(e_command_cannot_be_shortened_str), eap->cmd);
+		eap->cmdidx = CMD_SIZE;
+	    }
+	}
+
+	// Do not recognize ":*" as the star command unless '*' is in
+	// 'cpoptions'.
+	if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_star && vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_STAR) == NULL)
+	    p = eap->cmd;
+
+	// Look for a user defined command as a last resort.  Let ":Print" be
+	// overruled by a user defined command.
+	if ((eap->cmdidx == CMD_SIZE || eap->cmdidx == CMD_Print)
+		&& *eap->cmd >= 'A' && *eap->cmd <= 'Z')
+	{
+	    // User defined commands may contain digits.
+	    while (ASCII_ISALNUM(*p))
+		++p;
+	    p = find_ucmd(eap, p, full, NULL, NULL);
+	}
+	if (p == NULL || p == eap->cmd)
+	    eap->cmdidx = CMD_SIZE;
+    }
+
+    // ":fina" means ":finally" in legacy script, for backwards compatibility.
+    if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_final && p - eap->cmd == 4 && !vim9)
+	eap->cmdidx = CMD_finally;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    if (eap->cmdidx < CMD_SIZE
+	    && vim9
+	    && !IS_WHITE_NL_OR_NUL(*p) && *p != '!' && *p != '|'
+	    && (eap->cmdidx < 0 ||
+		(cmdnames[eap->cmdidx].cmd_argt & EX_NONWHITE_OK) == 0))
+    {
+	char_u *cmd = vim_strnsave(eap->cmd, p - eap->cmd);
+
+	semsg(_(e_command_str_not_followed_by_white_space_str), cmd, eap->cmd);
+	eap->cmdidx = CMD_SIZE;
+	vim_free(cmd);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    return p;
+}
+
+#if defined(FEAT_EVAL) || defined(PROTO)
+static struct cmdmod
+{
+    char	*name;
+    int		minlen;
+    int		has_count;  // :123verbose  :3tab
+} cmdmods[] = {
+    {"aboveleft", 3, FALSE},
+    {"belowright", 3, FALSE},
+    {"botright", 2, FALSE},
+    {"browse", 3, FALSE},
+    {"confirm", 4, FALSE},
+    {"filter", 4, FALSE},
+    {"hide", 3, FALSE},
+    {"horizontal", 3, FALSE},
+    {"keepalt", 5, FALSE},
+    {"keepjumps", 5, FALSE},
+    {"keepmarks", 3, FALSE},
+    {"keeppatterns", 5, FALSE},
+    {"leftabove", 5, FALSE},
+    {"legacy", 3, FALSE},
+    {"lockmarks", 3, FALSE},
+    {"noautocmd", 3, FALSE},
+    {"noswapfile", 3, FALSE},
+    {"rightbelow", 6, FALSE},
+    {"sandbox", 3, FALSE},
+    {"silent", 3, FALSE},
+    {"tab", 3, TRUE},
+    {"topleft", 2, FALSE},
+    {"unsilent", 3, FALSE},
+    {"verbose", 4, TRUE},
+    {"vertical", 4, FALSE},
+    {"vim9cmd", 4, FALSE},
+};
+
+/*
+ * Return length of a command modifier (including optional count).
+ * Return zero when it's not a modifier.
+ */
+    int
+modifier_len(char_u *cmd)
+{
+    int		i, j;
+    char_u	*p = cmd;
+
+    if (VIM_ISDIGIT(*cmd))
+	p = skipwhite(skipdigits(cmd + 1));
+    for (i = 0; i < (int)ARRAY_LENGTH(cmdmods); ++i)
+    {
+	for (j = 0; p[j] != NUL; ++j)
+	    if (p[j] != cmdmods[i].name[j])
+		break;
+	if (!ASCII_ISALPHA(p[j]) && j >= cmdmods[i].minlen
+					&& (p == cmd || cmdmods[i].has_count))
+	    return j + (int)(p - cmd);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return > 0 if an Ex command "name" exists.
+ * Return 2 if there is an exact match.
+ * Return 3 if there is an ambiguous match.
+ */
+    int
+cmd_exists(char_u *name)
+{
+    exarg_T	ea;
+    int		full = FALSE;
+    int		i;
+    int		j;
+    char_u	*p;
+
+    // Check command modifiers.
+    for (i = 0; i < (int)ARRAY_LENGTH(cmdmods); ++i)
+    {
+	for (j = 0; name[j] != NUL; ++j)
+	    if (name[j] != cmdmods[i].name[j])
+		break;
+	if (name[j] == NUL && j >= cmdmods[i].minlen)
+	    return (cmdmods[i].name[j] == NUL ? 2 : 1);
+    }
+
+    // Check built-in commands and user defined commands.
+    // For ":2match" and ":3match" we need to skip the number.
+    ea.cmd = (*name == '2' || *name == '3') ? name + 1 : name;
+    ea.cmdidx = (cmdidx_T)0;
+    ea.flags = 0;
+    p = find_ex_command(&ea, &full, NULL, NULL);
+    if (p == NULL)
+	return 3;
+    if (vim_isdigit(*name) && ea.cmdidx != CMD_match)
+	return 0;
+    if (*skipwhite(p) != NUL)
+	return 0;	// trailing garbage
+    return (ea.cmdidx == CMD_SIZE ? 0 : (full ? 2 : 1));
+}
+
+/*
+ * "fullcommand" function
+ */
+    void
+f_fullcommand(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
+{
+    exarg_T	ea;
+    char_u	*name;
+    char_u	*p;
+    int		vim9script = in_vim9script();
+    int		save_cmod_flags = cmdmod.cmod_flags;
+
+    rettv->v_type = VAR_STRING;
+    rettv->vval.v_string = NULL;
+
+    if (in_vim9script()
+	    && (check_for_string_arg(argvars, 0) == FAIL
+		|| check_for_opt_bool_arg(argvars, 1) == FAIL))
+	return;
+
+    name = tv_get_string(&argvars[0]);
+    if (name == NULL)
+	return;
+
+    if (argvars[1].v_type != VAR_UNKNOWN)
+    {
+	vim9script = tv_get_bool(&argvars[1]);
+	cmdmod.cmod_flags &= ~(CMOD_VIM9CMD | CMOD_LEGACY);
+	cmdmod.cmod_flags |= vim9script ? CMOD_VIM9CMD : CMOD_LEGACY;
+    }
+
+    while (*name == ':')
+	name++;
+    name = skip_range(name, TRUE, NULL);
+
+    ea.cmd = (*name == '2' || *name == '3') ? name + 1 : name;
+    ea.cmdidx = (cmdidx_T)0;
+    ea.addr_count = 0;
+    ++emsg_silent;  // don't complain about using "en" in Vim9 script
+    p = find_ex_command(&ea, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+    --emsg_silent;
+    if (p == NULL || ea.cmdidx == CMD_SIZE)
+	goto theend;
+
+    if (vim9script)
+    {
+	int	     res;
+
+	++emsg_silent;
+	res = not_in_vim9(&ea);
+	--emsg_silent;
+
+	if (res == FAIL)
+	    goto theend;
+    }
+
+    rettv->vval.v_string = vim_strsave(IS_USER_CMDIDX(ea.cmdidx)
+				 ? get_user_command_name(ea.useridx, ea.cmdidx)
+				 : cmdnames[ea.cmdidx].cmd_name);
+theend:
+    cmdmod.cmod_flags = save_cmod_flags;
+}
+#endif
+
+    cmdidx_T
+excmd_get_cmdidx(char_u *cmd, int len)
+{
+    cmdidx_T idx;
+
+    if (!one_letter_cmd(cmd, &idx))
+	for (idx = (cmdidx_T)0; (int)idx < (int)CMD_SIZE;
+		idx = (cmdidx_T)((int)idx + 1))
+	    if (STRNCMP(cmdnames[(int)idx].cmd_name, cmd, (size_t)len) == 0)
+		break;
+
+    return idx;
+}
+
+    long
+excmd_get_argt(cmdidx_T idx)
+{
+    return (long)cmdnames[(int)idx].cmd_argt;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Skip a range specifier of the form: addr [,addr] [;addr] ..
+ *
+ * Backslashed delimiters after / or ? will be skipped, and commands will
+ * not be expanded between /'s and ?'s or after "'".
+ *
+ * Also skip white space and ":" characters after the range.
+ * Returns the "cmd" pointer advanced to beyond the range.
+ */
+    char_u *
+skip_range(
+    char_u	*cmd_start,
+    int		skip_star,	// skip "*" used for Visual range
+    int		*ctx)		// pointer to xp_context or NULL
+{
+    char_u	*cmd = cmd_start;
+    unsigned	delim;
+
+    while (vim_strchr((char_u *)" \t0123456789.$%'/?-+,;\\", *cmd) != NULL)
+    {
+	if (*cmd == '\\')
+	{
+	    if (cmd[1] == '?' || cmd[1] == '/' || cmd[1] == '&')
+		++cmd;
+	    else
+		break;
+	}
+	else if (*cmd == '\'')
+	{
+	    char_u *p = cmd;
+
+	    // a quote is only valid at the start or after a separator
+	    while (p > cmd_start)
+	    {
+		--p;
+		if (!VIM_ISWHITE(*p))
+		    break;
+	    }
+	    if (cmd > cmd_start && !VIM_ISWHITE(*p) && *p != ',' && *p != ';')
+		break;
+	    if (*++cmd == NUL && ctx != NULL)
+		*ctx = EXPAND_NOTHING;
+	}
+	else if (*cmd == '/' || *cmd == '?')
+	{
+	    delim = *cmd++;
+	    while (*cmd != NUL && *cmd != delim)
+		if (*cmd++ == '\\' && *cmd != NUL)
+		    ++cmd;
+	    if (*cmd == NUL && ctx != NULL)
+		*ctx = EXPAND_NOTHING;
+	}
+	if (*cmd != NUL)
+	    ++cmd;
+    }
+
+    // Skip ":" and white space.
+    while (*cmd == ':')
+	cmd = skipwhite(cmd + 1);
+
+    // Skip "*" used for Visual range.
+    if (skip_star && *cmd == '*' && vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_STAR) == NULL)
+	cmd = skipwhite(cmd + 1);
+
+    return cmd;
+}
+
+    static void
+addr_error(cmd_addr_T addr_type)
+{
+    if (addr_type == ADDR_NONE)
+	emsg(_(e_no_range_allowed));
+    else
+	emsg(_(e_invalid_range));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the default address for an address type.
+ */
+    static linenr_T
+default_address(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    linenr_T lnum = 0;
+
+    switch (eap->addr_type)
+    {
+	case ADDR_LINES:
+	case ADDR_OTHER:
+	    // Default is the cursor line number.  Avoid using an invalid
+	    // line number though.
+	    if (curwin->w_cursor.lnum > curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
+		lnum = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
+	    else
+		lnum = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
+	    break;
+	case ADDR_WINDOWS:
+	    lnum = CURRENT_WIN_NR;
+	    break;
+	case ADDR_ARGUMENTS:
+	    lnum = curwin->w_arg_idx + 1;
+	    if (lnum > ARGCOUNT)
+		lnum = ARGCOUNT;
+	    break;
+	case ADDR_LOADED_BUFFERS:
+	case ADDR_BUFFERS:
+	    lnum = curbuf->b_fnum;
+	    break;
+	case ADDR_TABS:
+	    lnum = CURRENT_TAB_NR;
+	    break;
+	case ADDR_TABS_RELATIVE:
+	case ADDR_UNSIGNED:
+	    lnum = 1;
+	    break;
+	case ADDR_QUICKFIX:
+#ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
+	    lnum = qf_get_cur_idx(eap);
+#endif
+	    break;
+	case ADDR_QUICKFIX_VALID:
+#ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
+	    lnum = qf_get_cur_valid_idx(eap);
+#endif
+	    break;
+	case ADDR_NONE:
+	    // Will give an error later if a range is found.
+	    break;
+    }
+    return lnum;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get a single EX address.
+ *
+ * Set ptr to the next character after the part that was interpreted.
+ * Set ptr to NULL when an error is encountered.
+ * This may set the last used search pattern.
+ *
+ * Return MAXLNUM when no Ex address was found.
+ */
+    static linenr_T
+get_address(
+    exarg_T	*eap UNUSED,
+    char_u	**ptr,
+    cmd_addr_T	addr_type,
+    int		skip,		// only skip the address, don't use it
+    int		silent,		// no errors or side effects
+    int		to_other_file,  // flag: may jump to other file
+    int		address_count UNUSED) // 1 for first address, >1 after comma
+{
+    int		c;
+    int		i;
+    long	n;
+    char_u	*cmd;
+    pos_T	pos;
+    pos_T	*fp;
+    linenr_T	lnum;
+    buf_T	*buf;
+
+    cmd = skipwhite(*ptr);
+    lnum = MAXLNUM;
+    do
+    {
+	switch (*cmd)
+	{
+	    case '.':			    // '.' - Cursor position
+		++cmd;
+		switch (addr_type)
+		{
+		    case ADDR_LINES:
+		    case ADDR_OTHER:
+			lnum = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
+			break;
+		    case ADDR_WINDOWS:
+			lnum = CURRENT_WIN_NR;
+			break;
+		    case ADDR_ARGUMENTS:
+			lnum = curwin->w_arg_idx + 1;
+			break;
+		    case ADDR_LOADED_BUFFERS:
+		    case ADDR_BUFFERS:
+			lnum = curbuf->b_fnum;
+			break;
+		    case ADDR_TABS:
+			lnum = CURRENT_TAB_NR;
+			break;
+		    case ADDR_NONE:
+		    case ADDR_TABS_RELATIVE:
+		    case ADDR_UNSIGNED:
+			addr_error(addr_type);
+			cmd = NULL;
+			goto error;
+			break;
+		    case ADDR_QUICKFIX:
+#ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
+			lnum = qf_get_cur_idx(eap);
+#endif
+			break;
+		    case ADDR_QUICKFIX_VALID:
+#ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
+			lnum = qf_get_cur_valid_idx(eap);
+#endif
+			break;
+		}
+		break;
+
+	    case '$':			    // '$' - last line
+		++cmd;
+		switch (addr_type)
+		{
+		    case ADDR_LINES:
+		    case ADDR_OTHER:
+			lnum = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
+			break;
+		    case ADDR_WINDOWS:
+			lnum = LAST_WIN_NR;
+			break;
+		    case ADDR_ARGUMENTS:
+			lnum = ARGCOUNT;
+			break;
+		    case ADDR_LOADED_BUFFERS:
+			buf = lastbuf;
+			while (buf->b_ml.ml_mfp == NULL)
+			{
+			    if (buf->b_prev == NULL)
+				break;
+			    buf = buf->b_prev;
+			}
+			lnum = buf->b_fnum;
+			break;
+		    case ADDR_BUFFERS:
+			lnum = lastbuf->b_fnum;
+			break;
+		    case ADDR_TABS:
+			lnum = LAST_TAB_NR;
+			break;
+		    case ADDR_NONE:
+		    case ADDR_TABS_RELATIVE:
+		    case ADDR_UNSIGNED:
+			addr_error(addr_type);
+			cmd = NULL;
+			goto error;
+			break;
+		    case ADDR_QUICKFIX:
+#ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
+			lnum = qf_get_size(eap);
+			if (lnum == 0)
+			    lnum = 1;
+#endif
+			break;
+		    case ADDR_QUICKFIX_VALID:
+#ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
+			lnum = qf_get_valid_size(eap);
+			if (lnum == 0)
+			    lnum = 1;
+#endif
+			break;
+		}
+		break;
+
+	    case '\'':			    // ''' - mark
+		if (*++cmd == NUL)
+		{
+		    cmd = NULL;
+		    goto error;
+		}
+		if (addr_type != ADDR_LINES)
+		{
+		    addr_error(addr_type);
+		    cmd = NULL;
+		    goto error;
+		}
+		if (skip)
+		    ++cmd;
+		else
+		{
+		    // Only accept a mark in another file when it is
+		    // used by itself: ":'M".
+		    fp = getmark(*cmd, to_other_file && cmd[1] == NUL);
+		    ++cmd;
+		    if (fp == (pos_T *)-1)
+			// Jumped to another file.
+			lnum = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
+		    else
+		    {
+			if (check_mark(fp) == FAIL)
+			{
+			    cmd = NULL;
+			    goto error;
+			}
+			lnum = fp->lnum;
+		    }
+		}
+		break;
+
+	    case '/':
+	    case '?':			// '/' or '?' - search
+		c = *cmd++;
+		if (addr_type != ADDR_LINES)
+		{
+		    addr_error(addr_type);
+		    cmd = NULL;
+		    goto error;
+		}
+		if (skip)	// skip "/pat/"
+		{
+		    cmd = skip_regexp(cmd, c, magic_isset());
+		    if (*cmd == c)
+			++cmd;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+		    int flags;
+
+		    pos = curwin->w_cursor; // save curwin->w_cursor
+
+		    // When '/' or '?' follows another address, start from
+		    // there.
+		    if (lnum > 0 && lnum != MAXLNUM)
+			curwin->w_cursor.lnum =
+				lnum > curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count
+					   ? curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count : lnum;
+
+		    // Start a forward search at the end of the line (unless
+		    // before the first line).
+		    // Start a backward search at the start of the line.
+		    // This makes sure we never match in the current
+		    // line, and can match anywhere in the
+		    // next/previous line.
+		    if (c == '/' && curwin->w_cursor.lnum > 0)
+			curwin->w_cursor.col = MAXCOL;
+		    else
+			curwin->w_cursor.col = 0;
+		    searchcmdlen = 0;
+		    flags = silent ? 0 : SEARCH_HIS | SEARCH_MSG;
+		    if (!do_search(NULL, c, c, cmd, 1L, flags, NULL))
+		    {
+			curwin->w_cursor = pos;
+			cmd = NULL;
+			goto error;
+		    }
+		    lnum = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
+		    curwin->w_cursor = pos;
+		    // adjust command string pointer
+		    cmd += searchcmdlen;
+		}
+		break;
+
+	    case '\\':		    // "\?", "\/" or "\&", repeat search
+		++cmd;
+		if (addr_type != ADDR_LINES)
+		{
+		    addr_error(addr_type);
+		    cmd = NULL;
+		    goto error;
+		}
+		if (*cmd == '&')
+		    i = RE_SUBST;
+		else if (*cmd == '?' || *cmd == '/')
+		    i = RE_SEARCH;
+		else
+		{
+		    emsg(_(e_backslash_should_be_followed_by));
+		    cmd = NULL;
+		    goto error;
+		}
+
+		if (!skip)
+		{
+		    /*
+		     * When search follows another address, start from
+		     * there.
+		     */
+		    if (lnum != MAXLNUM)
+			pos.lnum = lnum;
+		    else
+			pos.lnum = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
+
+		    /*
+		     * Start the search just like for the above
+		     * do_search().
+		     */
+		    if (*cmd != '?')
+			pos.col = MAXCOL;
+		    else
+			pos.col = 0;
+		    pos.coladd = 0;
+		    if (searchit(curwin, curbuf, &pos, NULL,
+				*cmd == '?' ? BACKWARD : FORWARD,
+				(char_u *)"", 1L, SEARCH_MSG, i, NULL) != FAIL)
+			lnum = pos.lnum;
+		    else
+		    {
+			cmd = NULL;
+			goto error;
+		    }
+		}
+		++cmd;
+		break;
+
+	    default:
+		if (VIM_ISDIGIT(*cmd))	// absolute line number
+		    lnum = getdigits(&cmd);
+	}
+
+	for (;;)
+	{
+	    cmd = skipwhite(cmd);
+	    if (*cmd != '-' && *cmd != '+' && !VIM_ISDIGIT(*cmd))
+		break;
+
+	    if (lnum == MAXLNUM)
+	    {
+		switch (addr_type)
+		{
+		    case ADDR_LINES:
+		    case ADDR_OTHER:
+			// "+1" is same as ".+1"
+			lnum = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
+			break;
+		    case ADDR_WINDOWS:
+			lnum = CURRENT_WIN_NR;
+			break;
+		    case ADDR_ARGUMENTS:
+			lnum = curwin->w_arg_idx + 1;
+			break;
+		    case ADDR_LOADED_BUFFERS:
+		    case ADDR_BUFFERS:
+			lnum = curbuf->b_fnum;
+			break;
+		    case ADDR_TABS:
+			lnum = CURRENT_TAB_NR;
+			break;
+		    case ADDR_TABS_RELATIVE:
+			lnum = 1;
+			break;
+		    case ADDR_QUICKFIX:
+#ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
+			lnum = qf_get_cur_idx(eap);
+#endif
+			break;
+		    case ADDR_QUICKFIX_VALID:
+#ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
+			lnum = qf_get_cur_valid_idx(eap);
+#endif
+			break;
+		    case ADDR_NONE:
+		    case ADDR_UNSIGNED:
+			lnum = 0;
+			break;
+		}
+	    }
+
+	    if (VIM_ISDIGIT(*cmd))
+		i = '+';		// "number" is same as "+number"
+	    else
+		i = *cmd++;
+	    if (!VIM_ISDIGIT(*cmd))	// '+' is '+1'
+		n = 1;
+	    else
+	    {
+		// "number", "+number" or "-number"
+		n = getdigits(&cmd);
+		if (n == MAXLNUM)
+		{
+		    emsg(_(e_line_number_out_of_range));
+		    goto error;
+		}
+	    }
+
+	    if (addr_type == ADDR_TABS_RELATIVE)
+	    {
+		emsg(_(e_invalid_range));
+		cmd = NULL;
+		goto error;
+	    }
+	    else if (addr_type == ADDR_LOADED_BUFFERS
+		    || addr_type == ADDR_BUFFERS)
+		lnum = compute_buffer_local_count(
+				    addr_type, lnum, (i == '-') ? -1 * n : n);
+	    else
+	    {
+#ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
+		// Relative line addressing: need to adjust for lines in a
+		// closed fold after the first address.
+		if (addr_type == ADDR_LINES && (i == '-' || i == '+')
+							 && address_count >= 2)
+		    (void)hasFolding(lnum, NULL, &lnum);
+#endif
+		if (i == '-')
+		    lnum -= n;
+		else
+		{
+		    if (lnum >= 0 && n >= LONG_MAX - lnum)
+		    {
+			emsg(_(e_line_number_out_of_range));
+			goto error;
+		    }
+		    lnum += n;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    } while (*cmd == '/' || *cmd == '?');
+
+error:
+    *ptr = cmd;
+    return lnum;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set eap->line1 and eap->line2 to the whole range.
+ * Used for commands with the EX_DFLALL flag and no range given.
+ */
+    static void
+address_default_all(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    eap->line1 = 1;
+    switch (eap->addr_type)
+    {
+	case ADDR_LINES:
+	case ADDR_OTHER:
+	    eap->line2 = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
+	    break;
+	case ADDR_LOADED_BUFFERS:
+	    {
+		buf_T *buf = firstbuf;
+
+		while (buf->b_next != NULL && buf->b_ml.ml_mfp == NULL)
+		    buf = buf->b_next;
+		eap->line1 = buf->b_fnum;
+		buf = lastbuf;
+		while (buf->b_prev != NULL && buf->b_ml.ml_mfp == NULL)
+		    buf = buf->b_prev;
+		eap->line2 = buf->b_fnum;
+	    }
+	    break;
+	case ADDR_BUFFERS:
+	    eap->line1 = firstbuf->b_fnum;
+	    eap->line2 = lastbuf->b_fnum;
+	    break;
+	case ADDR_WINDOWS:
+	    eap->line2 = LAST_WIN_NR;
+	    break;
+	case ADDR_TABS:
+	    eap->line2 = LAST_TAB_NR;
+	    break;
+	case ADDR_TABS_RELATIVE:
+	    eap->line2 = 1;
+	    break;
+	case ADDR_ARGUMENTS:
+	    if (ARGCOUNT == 0)
+		eap->line1 = eap->line2 = 0;
+	    else
+		eap->line2 = ARGCOUNT;
+	    break;
+	case ADDR_QUICKFIX_VALID:
+#ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
+	    eap->line2 = qf_get_valid_size(eap);
+	    if (eap->line2 == 0)
+		eap->line2 = 1;
+#endif
+	    break;
+	case ADDR_NONE:
+	case ADDR_UNSIGNED:
+	case ADDR_QUICKFIX:
+	    iemsg("Cannot use EX_DFLALL with ADDR_NONE, ADDR_UNSIGNED or ADDR_QUICKFIX");
+	    break;
+    }
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Get flags from an Ex command argument.
+ */
+    static void
+get_flags(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    while (vim_strchr((char_u *)"lp#", *eap->arg) != NULL)
+    {
+	if (*eap->arg == 'l')
+	    eap->flags |= EXFLAG_LIST;
+	else if (*eap->arg == 'p')
+	    eap->flags |= EXFLAG_PRINT;
+	else
+	    eap->flags |= EXFLAG_NR;
+	eap->arg = skipwhite(eap->arg + 1);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Function called for command which is Not Implemented.  NI!
+ */
+    void
+ex_ni(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    if (!eap->skip)
+	eap->errmsg =
+		_(e_sorry_command_is_not_available_in_this_version);
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_EX_SCRIPT_NI
+/*
+ * Function called for script command which is Not Implemented.  NI!
+ * Skips over ":perl <<EOF" constructs.
+ */
+    static void
+ex_script_ni(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    if (!eap->skip)
+	ex_ni(eap);
+    else
+	vim_free(script_get(eap, eap->arg));
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Check range in Ex command for validity.
+ * Return NULL when valid, error message when invalid.
+ */
+    static char *
+invalid_range(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    buf_T	*buf;
+
+    if (       eap->line1 < 0
+	    || eap->line2 < 0
+	    || eap->line1 > eap->line2)
+	return _(e_invalid_range);
+
+    if (eap->argt & EX_RANGE)
+    {
+	switch (eap->addr_type)
+	{
+	    case ADDR_LINES:
+		if (eap->line2 > curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count
+#ifdef FEAT_DIFF
+			    + (eap->cmdidx == CMD_diffget)
+#endif
+		   )
+		    return _(e_invalid_range);
+		break;
+	    case ADDR_ARGUMENTS:
+		// add 1 if ARGCOUNT is 0
+		if (eap->line2 > ARGCOUNT + (!ARGCOUNT))
+		    return _(e_invalid_range);
+		break;
+	    case ADDR_BUFFERS:
+		// Only a boundary check, not whether the buffers actually
+		// exist.
+		if (eap->line1 < 1 || eap->line2 > get_highest_fnum())
+		    return _(e_invalid_range);
+		break;
+	    case ADDR_LOADED_BUFFERS:
+		buf = firstbuf;
+		while (buf->b_ml.ml_mfp == NULL)
+		{
+		    if (buf->b_next == NULL)
+			return _(e_invalid_range);
+		    buf = buf->b_next;
+		}
+		if (eap->line1 < buf->b_fnum)
+		    return _(e_invalid_range);
+		buf = lastbuf;
+		while (buf->b_ml.ml_mfp == NULL)
+		{
+		    if (buf->b_prev == NULL)
+			return _(e_invalid_range);
+		    buf = buf->b_prev;
+		}
+		if (eap->line2 > buf->b_fnum)
+		    return _(e_invalid_range);
+		break;
+	    case ADDR_WINDOWS:
+		if (eap->line2 > LAST_WIN_NR)
+		    return _(e_invalid_range);
+		break;
+	    case ADDR_TABS:
+		if (eap->line2 > LAST_TAB_NR)
+		    return _(e_invalid_range);
+		break;
+	    case ADDR_TABS_RELATIVE:
+	    case ADDR_OTHER:
+		// Any range is OK.
+		break;
+	    case ADDR_QUICKFIX:
+#ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
+		// No error for value that is too big, will use the last entry.
+		if (eap->line2 <= 0)
+		{
+		    if (eap->addr_count == 0)
+			return _(e_no_errors);
+		    return _(e_invalid_range);
+		}
+#endif
+		break;
+	    case ADDR_QUICKFIX_VALID:
+#ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
+		if ((eap->line2 != 1 && eap->line2 > qf_get_valid_size(eap))
+			|| eap->line2 < 0)
+		    return _(e_invalid_range);
+#endif
+		break;
+	    case ADDR_UNSIGNED:
+	    case ADDR_NONE:
+		// Will give an error elsewhere.
+		break;
+	}
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Correct the range for zero line number, if required.
+ */
+    static void
+correct_range(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    if (!(eap->argt & EX_ZEROR))	    // zero in range not allowed
+    {
+	if (eap->line1 == 0)
+	    eap->line1 = 1;
+	if (eap->line2 == 0)
+	    eap->line2 = 1;
+    }
+}
+
+#ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
+/*
+ * For a ":vimgrep" or ":vimgrepadd" command return a pointer past the
+ * pattern.  Otherwise return eap->arg.
+ */
+    static char_u *
+skip_grep_pat(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    char_u	*p = eap->arg;
+
+    if (*p != NUL && (eap->cmdidx == CMD_vimgrep || eap->cmdidx == CMD_lvimgrep
+		|| eap->cmdidx == CMD_vimgrepadd
+		|| eap->cmdidx == CMD_lvimgrepadd
+		|| grep_internal(eap->cmdidx)))
+    {
+	p = skip_vimgrep_pat(p, NULL, NULL);
+	if (p == NULL)
+	    p = eap->arg;
+    }
+    return p;
+}
+
+/*
+ * For the ":make" and ":grep" commands insert the 'makeprg'/'grepprg' option
+ * in the command line, so that things like % get expanded.
+ */
+    static char_u *
+replace_makeprg(exarg_T *eap, char_u *p, char_u **cmdlinep)
+{
+    char_u	*new_cmdline;
+    char_u	*program;
+    char_u	*pos;
+    char_u	*ptr;
+    int		len;
+    int		i;
+
+    /*
+     * Don't do it when ":vimgrep" is used for ":grep".
+     */
+    if ((eap->cmdidx == CMD_make || eap->cmdidx == CMD_lmake
+		     || eap->cmdidx == CMD_grep || eap->cmdidx == CMD_lgrep
+		     || eap->cmdidx == CMD_grepadd
+		     || eap->cmdidx == CMD_lgrepadd)
+	    && !grep_internal(eap->cmdidx))
+    {
+	if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_grep || eap->cmdidx == CMD_lgrep
+	    || eap->cmdidx == CMD_grepadd || eap->cmdidx == CMD_lgrepadd)
+	{
+	    if (*curbuf->b_p_gp == NUL)
+		program = p_gp;
+	    else
+		program = curbuf->b_p_gp;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    if (*curbuf->b_p_mp == NUL)
+		program = p_mp;
+	    else
+		program = curbuf->b_p_mp;
+	}
+
+	p = skipwhite(p);
+
+	if ((pos = (char_u *)strstr((char *)program, "$*")) != NULL)
+	{
+	    // replace $* by given arguments
+	    i = 1;
+	    while ((pos = (char_u *)strstr((char *)pos + 2, "$*")) != NULL)
+		++i;
+	    len = (int)STRLEN(p);
+	    new_cmdline = alloc(STRLEN(program) + (size_t)i * (len - 2) + 1);
+	    if (new_cmdline == NULL)
+		return NULL;			// out of memory
+	    ptr = new_cmdline;
+	    while ((pos = (char_u *)strstr((char *)program, "$*")) != NULL)
+	    {
+		i = (int)(pos - program);
+		STRNCPY(ptr, program, i);
+		STRCPY(ptr += i, p);
+		ptr += len;
+		program = pos + 2;
+	    }
+	    STRCPY(ptr, program);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    new_cmdline = alloc(STRLEN(program) + STRLEN(p) + 2);
+	    if (new_cmdline == NULL)
+		return NULL;			// out of memory
+	    STRCPY(new_cmdline, program);
+	    STRCAT(new_cmdline, " ");
+	    STRCAT(new_cmdline, p);
+	}
+	msg_make(p);
+
+	// 'eap->cmd' is not set here, because it is not used at CMD_make
+	vim_free(*cmdlinep);
+	*cmdlinep = new_cmdline;
+	p = new_cmdline;
+    }
+    return p;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Expand file name in Ex command argument.
+ * When an error is detected, "errormsgp" is set to a non-NULL pointer.
+ * Return FAIL for failure, OK otherwise.
+ */
+    int
+expand_filename(
+    exarg_T	*eap,
+    char_u	**cmdlinep,
+    char	**errormsgp)
+{
+    int		has_wildcards;	// need to expand wildcards
+    char_u	*repl;
+    int		srclen;
+    char_u	*p;
+    int		n;
+    int		escaped;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
+    // Skip a regexp pattern for ":vimgrep[add] pat file..."
+    p = skip_grep_pat(eap);
+#else
+    p = eap->arg;
+#endif
+
+    /*
+     * Decide to expand wildcards *before* replacing '%', '#', etc.  If
+     * the file name contains a wildcard it should not cause expanding.
+     * (it will be expanded anyway if there is a wildcard before replacing).
+     */
+    has_wildcards = mch_has_wildcard(p);
+    while (*p != NUL)
+    {
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	// Skip over `=expr`, wildcards in it are not expanded.
+	if (p[0] == '`' && p[1] == '=')
+	{
+	    p += 2;
+	    (void)skip_expr(&p, NULL);
+	    if (*p == '`')
+		++p;
+	    continue;
+	}
+#endif
+	/*
+	 * Quick check if this cannot be the start of a special string.
+	 * Also removes backslash before '%', '#' and '<'.
+	 */
+	if (vim_strchr((char_u *)"%#<", *p) == NULL)
+	{
+	    ++p;
+	    continue;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Try to find a match at this position.
+	 */
+	repl = eval_vars(p, eap->arg, &srclen, &(eap->do_ecmd_lnum),
+						    errormsgp, &escaped, TRUE);
+	if (*errormsgp != NULL)		// error detected
+	    return FAIL;
+	if (repl == NULL)		// no match found
+	{
+	    p += srclen;
+	    continue;
+	}
+
+	// Wildcards won't be expanded below, the replacement is taken
+	// literally.  But do expand "~/file", "~user/file" and "$HOME/file".
+	if (vim_strchr(repl, '$') != NULL || vim_strchr(repl, '~') != NULL)
+	{
+	    char_u *l = repl;
+
+	    repl = expand_env_save(repl);
+	    vim_free(l);
+	}
+
+	// Need to escape white space et al. with a backslash.
+	// Don't do this for:
+	// - replacement that already has been escaped: "##"
+	// - shell commands (may have to use quotes instead).
+	// - non-unix systems when there is a single argument (spaces don't
+	//   separate arguments then).
+	if (!eap->usefilter
+		&& !escaped
+		&& eap->cmdidx != CMD_bang
+		&& eap->cmdidx != CMD_grep
+		&& eap->cmdidx != CMD_grepadd
+		&& eap->cmdidx != CMD_hardcopy
+		&& eap->cmdidx != CMD_lgrep
+		&& eap->cmdidx != CMD_lgrepadd
+		&& eap->cmdidx != CMD_lmake
+		&& eap->cmdidx != CMD_make
+		&& eap->cmdidx != CMD_terminal
+#ifndef UNIX
+		&& !(eap->argt & EX_NOSPC)
+#endif
+		)
+	{
+	    char_u	*l;
+#ifdef BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME
+	    // Don't escape a backslash here, because rem_backslash() doesn't
+	    // remove it later.
+	    static char_u *nobslash = (char_u *)" \t\"|";
+# define ESCAPE_CHARS nobslash
+#else
+# define ESCAPE_CHARS escape_chars
+#endif
+
+	    for (l = repl; *l; ++l)
+		if (vim_strchr(ESCAPE_CHARS, *l) != NULL)
+		{
+		    l = vim_strsave_escaped(repl, ESCAPE_CHARS);
+		    if (l != NULL)
+		    {
+			vim_free(repl);
+			repl = l;
+		    }
+		    break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// For a shell command a '!' must be escaped.
+	if ((eap->usefilter || eap->cmdidx == CMD_bang
+						|| eap->cmdidx == CMD_terminal)
+			    && vim_strpbrk(repl, (char_u *)"!") != NULL)
+	{
+	    char_u	*l;
+
+	    l = vim_strsave_escaped(repl, (char_u *)"!");
+	    if (l != NULL)
+	    {
+		vim_free(repl);
+		repl = l;
+	    }
+	}
+
+	p = repl_cmdline(eap, p, srclen, repl, cmdlinep);
+	vim_free(repl);
+	if (p == NULL)
+	    return FAIL;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * One file argument: Expand wildcards.
+     * Don't do this with ":r !command" or ":w !command".
+     */
+    if ((eap->argt & EX_NOSPC) && !eap->usefilter)
+    {
+	/*
+	 * May do this twice:
+	 * 1. Replace environment variables.
+	 * 2. Replace any other wildcards, remove backslashes.
+	 */
+	for (n = 1; n <= 2; ++n)
+	{
+	    if (n == 2)
+	    {
+		/*
+		 * Halve the number of backslashes (this is Vi compatible).
+		 * For Unix and OS/2, when wildcards are expanded, this is
+		 * done by ExpandOne() below.
+		 */
+#if defined(UNIX)
+		if (!has_wildcards)
+#endif
+		    backslash_halve(eap->arg);
+	    }
+
+	    if (has_wildcards)
+	    {
+		if (n == 1)
+		{
+		    /*
+		     * First loop: May expand environment variables.  This
+		     * can be done much faster with expand_env() than with
+		     * something else (e.g., calling a shell).
+		     * After expanding environment variables, check again
+		     * if there are still wildcards present.
+		     */
+		    if (vim_strchr(eap->arg, '$') != NULL
+			    || vim_strchr(eap->arg, '~') != NULL)
+		    {
+			expand_env_esc(eap->arg, NameBuff, MAXPATHL,
+							    TRUE, TRUE, NULL);
+			has_wildcards = mch_has_wildcard(NameBuff);
+			p = NameBuff;
+		    }
+		    else
+			p = NULL;
+		}
+		else // n == 2
+		{
+		    expand_T	xpc;
+		    int		options = WILD_LIST_NOTFOUND
+					       | WILD_NOERROR | WILD_ADD_SLASH;
+
+		    ExpandInit(&xpc);
+		    xpc.xp_context = EXPAND_FILES;
+		    if (p_wic)
+			options += WILD_ICASE;
+		    p = ExpandOne(&xpc, eap->arg, NULL,
+						   options, WILD_EXPAND_FREE);
+		    if (p == NULL)
+			return FAIL;
+		}
+		if (p != NULL)
+		{
+		    (void)repl_cmdline(eap, eap->arg, (int)STRLEN(eap->arg),
+								 p, cmdlinep);
+		    if (n == 2)	// p came from ExpandOne()
+			vim_free(p);
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Replace part of the command line, keeping eap->cmd, eap->arg and
+ * eap->nextcmd correct.
+ * "src" points to the part that is to be replaced, of length "srclen".
+ * "repl" is the replacement string.
+ * Returns a pointer to the character after the replaced string.
+ * Returns NULL for failure.
+ */
+    static char_u *
+repl_cmdline(
+    exarg_T	*eap,
+    char_u	*src,
+    int		srclen,
+    char_u	*repl,
+    char_u	**cmdlinep)
+{
+    int		len;
+    int		i;
+    char_u	*new_cmdline;
+
+    /*
+     * The new command line is build in new_cmdline[].
+     * First allocate it.
+     * Careful: a "+cmd" argument may have been NUL terminated.
+     */
+    len = (int)STRLEN(repl);
+    i = (int)(src - *cmdlinep) + (int)STRLEN(src + srclen) + len + 3;
+    if (eap->nextcmd != NULL)
+	i += (int)STRLEN(eap->nextcmd);// add space for next command
+    if ((new_cmdline = alloc(i)) == NULL)
+	return NULL;			// out of memory!
+
+    /*
+     * Copy the stuff before the expanded part.
+     * Copy the expanded stuff.
+     * Copy what came after the expanded part.
+     * Copy the next commands, if there are any.
+     */
+    i = (int)(src - *cmdlinep);	// length of part before match
+    mch_memmove(new_cmdline, *cmdlinep, (size_t)i);
+
+    mch_memmove(new_cmdline + i, repl, (size_t)len);
+    i += len;				// remember the end of the string
+    STRCPY(new_cmdline + i, src + srclen);
+    src = new_cmdline + i;		// remember where to continue
+
+    if (eap->nextcmd != NULL)		// append next command
+    {
+	i = (int)STRLEN(new_cmdline) + 1;
+	STRCPY(new_cmdline + i, eap->nextcmd);
+	eap->nextcmd = new_cmdline + i;
+    }
+    eap->cmd = new_cmdline + (eap->cmd - *cmdlinep);
+    eap->arg = new_cmdline + (eap->arg - *cmdlinep);
+    if (eap->do_ecmd_cmd != NULL && eap->do_ecmd_cmd != dollar_command)
+	eap->do_ecmd_cmd = new_cmdline + (eap->do_ecmd_cmd - *cmdlinep);
+    vim_free(*cmdlinep);
+    *cmdlinep = new_cmdline;
+
+    return src;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check for '|' to separate commands and '"' to start comments.
+ * If "keep_backslash" is TRUE do not remove any backslash.
+ */
+    void
+separate_nextcmd(exarg_T *eap, int keep_backslash)
+{
+    char_u	*p;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
+    p = skip_grep_pat(eap);
+#else
+    p = eap->arg;
+#endif
+
+    for ( ; *p; MB_PTR_ADV(p))
+    {
+	if (*p == Ctrl_V)
+	{
+	    if ((eap->argt & (EX_CTRLV | EX_XFILE)) || keep_backslash)
+		++p;		// skip CTRL-V and next char
+	    else
+				// remove CTRL-V and skip next char
+		STRMOVE(p, p + 1);
+	    if (*p == NUL)		// stop at NUL after CTRL-V
+		break;
+	}
+
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	// Skip over `=expr` when wildcards are expanded.
+	else if (p[0] == '`' && p[1] == '=' && (eap->argt & EX_XFILE))
+	{
+	    p += 2;
+	    (void)skip_expr(&p, NULL);
+	    if (*p == NUL)		// stop at NUL after CTRL-V
+		break;
+	}
+#endif
+
+	// Check for '"'/'#': start of comment or '|': next command
+	// :@" and :*" do not start a comment!
+	// :redir @" doesn't either.
+	else if ((*p == '"'
+		    && !in_vim9script()
+		    && !(eap->argt & EX_NOTRLCOM)
+		    && ((eap->cmdidx != CMD_at && eap->cmdidx != CMD_star)
+							      || p != eap->arg)
+		    && (eap->cmdidx != CMD_redir
+					 || p != eap->arg + 1 || p[-1] != '@'))
+		|| (*p == '#'
+		    && in_vim9script()
+		    && !(eap->argt & EX_NOTRLCOM)
+		    && p > eap->cmd && VIM_ISWHITE(p[-1]))
+		|| *p == '|' || *p == '\n')
+	{
+	    /*
+	     * We remove the '\' before the '|', unless EX_CTRLV is used
+	     * AND 'b' is present in 'cpoptions'.
+	     */
+	    if ((vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_BAR) == NULL
+			      || !(eap->argt & EX_CTRLV)) && *(p - 1) == '\\')
+	    {
+		if (!keep_backslash)
+		{
+		    STRMOVE(p - 1, p);	// remove the '\'
+		    --p;
+		}
+	    }
+	    else
+	    {
+		eap->nextcmd = check_nextcmd(p);
+		*p = NUL;
+		break;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (!(eap->argt & EX_NOTRLCOM))	// remove trailing spaces
+	del_trailing_spaces(eap->arg);
+}
+
+/*
+ * get + command from ex argument
+ */
+    static char_u *
+getargcmd(char_u **argp)
+{
+    char_u *arg = *argp;
+    char_u *command = NULL;
+
+    if (*arg == '+')	    // +[command]
+    {
+	++arg;
+	if (vim_isspace(*arg) || *arg == NUL)
+	    command = dollar_command;
+	else
+	{
+	    command = arg;
+	    arg = skip_cmd_arg(command, TRUE);
+	    if (*arg != NUL)
+		*arg++ = NUL;		// terminate command with NUL
+	}
+
+	arg = skipwhite(arg);	// skip over spaces
+	*argp = arg;
+    }
+    return command;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Find end of "+command" argument.  Skip over "\ " and "\\".
+ */
+    char_u *
+skip_cmd_arg(
+    char_u *p,
+    int	   rembs)	// TRUE to halve the number of backslashes
+{
+    while (*p && !vim_isspace(*p))
+    {
+	if (*p == '\\' && p[1] != NUL)
+	{
+	    if (rembs)
+		STRMOVE(p, p + 1);
+	    else
+		++p;
+	}
+	MB_PTR_ADV(p);
+    }
+    return p;
+}
+
+    int
+get_bad_opt(char_u *p, exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    if (STRICMP(p, "keep") == 0)
+	eap->bad_char = BAD_KEEP;
+    else if (STRICMP(p, "drop") == 0)
+	eap->bad_char = BAD_DROP;
+    else if (MB_BYTE2LEN(*p) == 1 && p[1] == NUL)
+	eap->bad_char = *p;
+    else
+	return FAIL;
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Function given to ExpandGeneric() to obtain the list of bad= names.
+ */
+    static char_u *
+get_bad_name(expand_T *xp UNUSED, int idx)
+{
+    // Note: Keep this in sync with getargopt.
+    static char *(p_bad_values[]) =
+    {
+	"?",
+	"keep",
+	"drop",
+    };
+
+    if (idx < (int)ARRAY_LENGTH(p_bad_values))
+	return (char_u*)p_bad_values[idx];
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get "++opt=arg" argument.
+ * Return FAIL or OK.
+ */
+    static int
+getargopt(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    char_u	*arg = eap->arg + 2;
+    int		*pp = NULL;
+    int		bad_char_idx;
+    char_u	*p;
+
+    // Note: Keep this in sync with get_argopt_name.
+
+    // ":edit ++[no]bin[ary] file"
+    if (STRNCMP(arg, "bin", 3) == 0 || STRNCMP(arg, "nobin", 5) == 0)
+    {
+	if (*arg == 'n')
+	{
+	    arg += 2;
+	    eap->force_bin = FORCE_NOBIN;
+	}
+	else
+	    eap->force_bin = FORCE_BIN;
+	if (!checkforcmd(&arg, "binary", 3))
+	    return FAIL;
+	eap->arg = skipwhite(arg);
+	return OK;
+    }
+
+    // ":read ++edit file"
+    if (STRNCMP(arg, "edit", 4) == 0)
+    {
+	eap->read_edit = TRUE;
+	eap->arg = skipwhite(arg + 4);
+	return OK;
+    }
+
+    if (STRNCMP(arg, "ff", 2) == 0)
+    {
+	arg += 2;
+	pp = &eap->force_ff;
+    }
+    else if (STRNCMP(arg, "fileformat", 10) == 0)
+    {
+	arg += 10;
+	pp = &eap->force_ff;
+    }
+    else if (STRNCMP(arg, "enc", 3) == 0)
+    {
+	if (STRNCMP(arg, "encoding", 8) == 0)
+	    arg += 8;
+	else
+	    arg += 3;
+	pp = &eap->force_enc;
+    }
+    else if (STRNCMP(arg, "bad", 3) == 0)
+    {
+	arg += 3;
+	pp = &bad_char_idx;
+    }
+
+    if (pp == NULL || *arg != '=')
+	return FAIL;
+
+    ++arg;
+    *pp = (int)(arg - eap->cmd);
+    arg = skip_cmd_arg(arg, FALSE);
+    eap->arg = skipwhite(arg);
+    *arg = NUL;
+
+    if (pp == &eap->force_ff)
+    {
+	if (check_ff_value(eap->cmd + eap->force_ff) == FAIL)
+	    return FAIL;
+	eap->force_ff = eap->cmd[eap->force_ff];
+    }
+    else if (pp == &eap->force_enc)
+    {
+	// Make 'fileencoding' lower case.
+	for (p = eap->cmd + eap->force_enc; *p != NUL; ++p)
+	    *p = TOLOWER_ASC(*p);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	// Check ++bad= argument.  Must be a single-byte character, "keep" or
+	// "drop".
+	if (get_bad_opt(eap->cmd + bad_char_idx, eap) == FAIL)
+	    return FAIL;
+    }
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Function given to ExpandGeneric() to obtain the list of ++opt names.
+ */
+    static char_u *
+get_argopt_name(expand_T *xp UNUSED, int idx)
+{
+    // Note: Keep this in sync with getargopt.
+    static char *(p_opt_values[]) =
+    {
+	"fileformat=",
+	"encoding=",
+	"binary",
+	"nobinary",
+	"bad=",
+	"edit",
+    };
+
+    if (idx < (int)ARRAY_LENGTH(p_opt_values))
+	return (char_u*)p_opt_values[idx];
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Command-line expansion for ++opt=name.
+ */
+    int
+expand_argopt(
+	char_u	    *pat,
+	expand_T    *xp,
+	regmatch_T  *rmp,
+	char_u	    ***matches,
+	int	    *numMatches)
+{
+    if (xp->xp_pattern > xp->xp_line && *(xp->xp_pattern-1) == '=')
+    {
+	char_u *(*cb)(expand_T *, int) = NULL;
+
+	char_u *name_end = xp->xp_pattern - 1;
+	if (name_end - xp->xp_line >= 2
+		&& STRNCMP(name_end - 2, "ff", 2) == 0)
+	    cb = get_fileformat_name;
+	else if (name_end - xp->xp_line >= 10
+		&& STRNCMP(name_end - 10, "fileformat", 10) == 0)
+	    cb = get_fileformat_name;
+	else if (name_end - xp->xp_line >= 3
+		&& STRNCMP(name_end - 3, "enc", 3) == 0)
+	    cb = get_encoding_name;
+	else if (name_end - xp->xp_line >= 8
+		&& STRNCMP(name_end - 8, "encoding", 8) == 0)
+	    cb = get_encoding_name;
+	else if (name_end - xp->xp_line >= 3
+		&& STRNCMP(name_end - 3, "bad", 3) == 0)
+	    cb = get_bad_name;
+
+	if (cb != NULL)
+	{
+	    return ExpandGeneric(
+		    pat,
+		    xp,
+		    rmp,
+		    matches,
+		    numMatches,
+		    cb,
+		    FALSE);
+	}
+	return FAIL;
+    }
+
+    // Special handling of "ff" which acts as a short form of
+    // "fileformat", as "ff" is not a substring of it.
+    if (xp->xp_pattern_len == 2
+	    && STRNCMP(xp->xp_pattern, "ff", xp->xp_pattern_len) == 0)
+    {
+	*matches = ALLOC_MULT(char_u *, 1);
+	if (*matches == NULL)
+	    return FAIL;
+	*numMatches = 1;
+	(*matches)[0] = vim_strsave((char_u*)"fileformat=");
+	return OK;
+    }
+
+    return ExpandGeneric(
+	    pat,
+	    xp,
+	    rmp,
+	    matches,
+	    numMatches,
+	    get_argopt_name,
+	    FALSE);
+}
+
+    static void
+ex_autocmd(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    /*
+     * Disallow autocommands from .exrc and .vimrc in current
+     * directory for security reasons.
+     */
+    if (secure)
+    {
+	secure = 2;
+	eap->errmsg =
+	      _(e_command_not_allowed_from_vimrc_in_current_dir_or_tag_search);
+    }
+    else if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_autocmd)
+	do_autocmd(eap, eap->arg, eap->forceit);
+    else
+	do_augroup(eap->arg, eap->forceit);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":doautocmd": Apply the automatic commands to the current buffer.
+ */
+    static void
+ex_doautocmd(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    char_u	*arg = eap->arg;
+    int		call_do_modelines = check_nomodeline(&arg);
+    int		did_aucmd;
+
+    (void)do_doautocmd(arg, TRUE, &did_aucmd);
+    // Only when there is no <nomodeline>.
+    if (call_do_modelines && did_aucmd)
+	do_modelines(0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * :[N]bunload[!] [N] [bufname] unload buffer
+ * :[N]bdelete[!] [N] [bufname] delete buffer from buffer list
+ * :[N]bwipeout[!] [N] [bufname] delete buffer really
+ */
+    static void
+ex_bunload(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    if (ERROR_IF_ANY_POPUP_WINDOW)
+	return;
+    eap->errmsg = do_bufdel(
+	    eap->cmdidx == CMD_bdelete ? DOBUF_DEL
+		: eap->cmdidx == CMD_bwipeout ? DOBUF_WIPE
+		: DOBUF_UNLOAD, eap->arg,
+	    eap->addr_count, (int)eap->line1, (int)eap->line2, eap->forceit);
+}
+
+/*
+ * :[N]buffer [N]	to buffer N
+ * :[N]sbuffer [N]	to buffer N
+ */
+    static void
+ex_buffer(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    if (ERROR_IF_ANY_POPUP_WINDOW)
+	return;
+    if (*eap->arg)
+	eap->errmsg = ex_errmsg(e_trailing_characters_str, eap->arg);
+    else
+    {
+	if (eap->addr_count == 0)	// default is current buffer
+	    goto_buffer(eap, DOBUF_CURRENT, FORWARD, 0);
+	else
+	    goto_buffer(eap, DOBUF_FIRST, FORWARD, (int)eap->line2);
+	if (eap->do_ecmd_cmd != NULL)
+	    do_cmd_argument(eap->do_ecmd_cmd);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * :[N]bmodified [N]	to next mod. buffer
+ * :[N]sbmodified [N]	to next mod. buffer
+ */
+    static void
+ex_bmodified(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    goto_buffer(eap, DOBUF_MOD, FORWARD, (int)eap->line2);
+    if (eap->do_ecmd_cmd != NULL)
+	do_cmd_argument(eap->do_ecmd_cmd);
+}
+
+/*
+ * :[N]bnext [N]	to next buffer
+ * :[N]sbnext [N]	split and to next buffer
+ */
+    static void
+ex_bnext(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    if (ERROR_IF_ANY_POPUP_WINDOW)
+	return;
+
+    goto_buffer(eap, DOBUF_CURRENT, FORWARD, (int)eap->line2);
+    if (eap->do_ecmd_cmd != NULL)
+	do_cmd_argument(eap->do_ecmd_cmd);
+}
+
+/*
+ * :[N]bNext [N]	to previous buffer
+ * :[N]bprevious [N]	to previous buffer
+ * :[N]sbNext [N]	split and to previous buffer
+ * :[N]sbprevious [N]	split and to previous buffer
+ */
+    static void
+ex_bprevious(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    if (ERROR_IF_ANY_POPUP_WINDOW)
+	return;
+
+    goto_buffer(eap, DOBUF_CURRENT, BACKWARD, (int)eap->line2);
+    if (eap->do_ecmd_cmd != NULL)
+	do_cmd_argument(eap->do_ecmd_cmd);
+}
+
+/*
+ * :brewind		to first buffer
+ * :bfirst		to first buffer
+ * :sbrewind		split and to first buffer
+ * :sbfirst		split and to first buffer
+ */
+    static void
+ex_brewind(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    if (ERROR_IF_ANY_POPUP_WINDOW)
+	return;
+
+    goto_buffer(eap, DOBUF_FIRST, FORWARD, 0);
+    if (eap->do_ecmd_cmd != NULL)
+	do_cmd_argument(eap->do_ecmd_cmd);
+}
+
+/*
+ * :blast		to last buffer
+ * :sblast		split and to last buffer
+ */
+    static void
+ex_blast(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    if (ERROR_IF_ANY_POPUP_WINDOW)
+	return;
+
+    goto_buffer(eap, DOBUF_LAST, BACKWARD, 0);
+    if (eap->do_ecmd_cmd != NULL)
+	do_cmd_argument(eap->do_ecmd_cmd);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check if "c" ends an Ex command.
+ * In Vim9 script does not check for white space before #.
+ */
+    int
+ends_excmd(int c)
+{
+    int comment_char = '"';
+
+    if (in_vim9script())
+	comment_char = '#';
+    return (c == NUL || c == '|' || c == comment_char || c == '\n');
+}
+
+/*
+ * Like ends_excmd() but checks that a # in Vim9 script either has "cmd" equal
+ * to "cmd_start" or has a white space character before it.
+ */
+    int
+ends_excmd2(char_u *cmd_start UNUSED, char_u *cmd)
+{
+    int c = *cmd;
+
+    if (c == NUL || c == '|' || c == '\n')
+	return TRUE;
+    if (in_vim9script())
+	//  # starts a comment, #{ might be a mistake, #{{ can start a fold
+	return c == '#' && (cmd[1] != '{' || cmd[2] == '{')
+				 && (cmd == cmd_start || VIM_ISWHITE(cmd[-1]));
+    return c == '"';
+}
+
+#if defined(FEAT_SYN_HL) || defined(FEAT_SEARCH_EXTRA) || defined(FEAT_EVAL) \
+	|| defined(PROTO)
+/*
+ * Return the next command, after the first '|' or '\n'.
+ * Return NULL if not found.
+ */
+    char_u *
+find_nextcmd(char_u *p)
+{
+    while (*p != '|' && *p != '\n')
+    {
+	if (*p == NUL)
+	    return NULL;
+	++p;
+    }
+    return (p + 1);
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Check if *p is a separator between Ex commands, skipping over white space.
+ * Return NULL if it isn't, the following character if it is.
+ */
+    char_u *
+check_nextcmd(char_u *p)
+{
+    char_u *s = skipwhite(p);
+
+    if (*s == '|' || *s == '\n')
+	return (s + 1);
+    else
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * If "eap->nextcmd" is not set, check for a next command at "p".
+ */
+    void
+set_nextcmd(exarg_T *eap, char_u *arg)
+{
+    char_u *p = check_nextcmd(arg);
+
+    if (eap->nextcmd == NULL)
+	eap->nextcmd = p;
+    else if (p != NULL)
+	// cannot use "| command" inside a  {} block
+	semsg(_(e_cannot_use_bar_to_separate_commands_here_str), arg);
+}
+
+/*
+ * - if there are more files to edit
+ * - and this is the last window
+ * - and forceit not used
+ * - and not repeated twice on a row
+ *    return FAIL and give error message if 'message' TRUE
+ * return OK otherwise
+ */
+    static int
+check_more(
+    int message,	    // when FALSE check only, no messages
+    int forceit)
+{
+    int	    n = ARGCOUNT - curwin->w_arg_idx - 1;
+
+    if (!forceit && only_one_window()
+	    && ARGCOUNT > 1 && !arg_had_last && n > 0 && quitmore == 0)
+    {
+	if (message)
+	{
+#if defined(FEAT_GUI_DIALOG) || defined(FEAT_CON_DIALOG)
+	    if ((p_confirm || (cmdmod.cmod_flags & CMOD_CONFIRM))
+						    && curbuf->b_fname != NULL)
+	    {
+		char_u	buff[DIALOG_MSG_SIZE];
+
+		vim_snprintf((char *)buff, DIALOG_MSG_SIZE,
+			NGETTEXT("%d more file to edit.  Quit anyway?",
+			    "%d more files to edit.  Quit anyway?", n), n);
+		if (vim_dialog_yesno(VIM_QUESTION, NULL, buff, 1) == VIM_YES)
+		    return OK;
+		return FAIL;
+	    }
+#endif
+	    semsg(NGETTEXT(e_nr_more_file_to_edit,
+			   e_nr_more_files_to_edit , n), n);
+	    quitmore = 2;	    // next try to quit is allowed
+	}
+	return FAIL;
+    }
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Function given to ExpandGeneric() to obtain the list of command names.
+ */
+    char_u *
+get_command_name(expand_T *xp UNUSED, int idx)
+{
+    if (idx >= (int)CMD_SIZE)
+	return expand_user_command_name(idx);
+    return cmdnames[idx].cmd_name;
+}
+
+    static void
+ex_colorscheme(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    if (*eap->arg == NUL)
+    {
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	char_u *expr = vim_strsave((char_u *)"g:colors_name");
+	char_u *p = NULL;
+
+	if (expr != NULL)
+	{
+	    ++emsg_off;
+	    p = eval_to_string(expr, FALSE, FALSE);
+	    --emsg_off;
+	    vim_free(expr);
+	}
+	if (p != NULL)
+	{
+	    msg((char *)p);
+	    vim_free(p);
+	}
+	else
+	    msg("default");
+#else
+	msg(_("unknown"));
+#endif
+    }
+    else if (load_colors(eap->arg) == FAIL)
+	semsg(_(e_cannot_find_color_scheme_str), eap->arg);
+
+#ifdef FEAT_VTP
+    else if (has_vtp_working())
+    {
+	// background color change requires clear + redraw
+	update_screen(UPD_CLEAR);
+	redrawcmd();
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+    static void
+ex_highlight(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    if (*eap->arg == NUL && eap->cmd[2] == '!')
+	msg(_("Greetings, Vim user!"));
+    do_highlight(eap->arg, eap->forceit, FALSE);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Call this function if we thought we were going to exit, but we won't
+ * (because of an error).  May need to restore the terminal mode.
+ */
+    void
+not_exiting(void)
+{
+    exiting = FALSE;
+    settmode(TMODE_RAW);
+}
+
+    int
+before_quit_autocmds(win_T *wp, int quit_all, int forceit)
+{
+    apply_autocmds(EVENT_QUITPRE, NULL, NULL, FALSE, wp->w_buffer);
+
+    // Bail out when autocommands closed the window.
+    // Refuse to quit when the buffer in the last window is being closed (can
+    // only happen in autocommands).
+    if (!win_valid(wp)
+	    || curbuf_locked()
+	    || (wp->w_buffer->b_nwindows == 1 && wp->w_buffer->b_locked > 0))
+	return TRUE;
+
+    if (quit_all || (check_more(FALSE, forceit) == OK && only_one_window()))
+    {
+	apply_autocmds(EVENT_EXITPRE, NULL, NULL, FALSE, curbuf);
+	// Refuse to quit when locked or when the window was closed or the
+	// buffer in the last window is being closed (can only happen in
+	// autocommands).
+	if (!win_valid(wp) || curbuf_locked()
+			  || (curbuf->b_nwindows == 1 && curbuf->b_locked > 0))
+	    return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":quit": quit current window, quit Vim if the last window is closed.
+ * ":{nr}quit": quit window {nr}
+ * Also used when closing a terminal window that's the last one.
+ */
+    void
+ex_quit(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    win_T	*wp;
+
+    if (cmdwin_type != 0)
+    {
+	cmdwin_result = Ctrl_C;
+	return;
+    }
+    // Don't quit while editing the command line.
+    if (text_locked())
+    {
+	text_locked_msg();
+	return;
+    }
+    if (eap->addr_count > 0)
+    {
+	int	wnr = eap->line2;
+
+	for (wp = firstwin; wp->w_next != NULL; wp = wp->w_next)
+	    if (--wnr <= 0)
+		break;
+    }
+    else
+	wp = curwin;
+
+    // Refuse to quit when locked.
+    if (curbuf_locked())
+	return;
+
+    // Trigger QuitPre and maybe ExitPre
+    if (before_quit_autocmds(wp, FALSE, eap->forceit))
+	return;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_NETBEANS_INTG
+    netbeansForcedQuit = eap->forceit;
+#endif
+
+    /*
+     * If there is only one relevant window we will exit.
+     */
+    if (check_more(FALSE, eap->forceit) == OK && only_one_window())
+	exiting = TRUE;
+    if ((!buf_hide(wp->w_buffer)
+		&& check_changed(wp->w_buffer, (p_awa ? CCGD_AW : 0)
+				       | (eap->forceit ? CCGD_FORCEIT : 0)
+				       | CCGD_EXCMD))
+	    || check_more(TRUE, eap->forceit) == FAIL
+	    || (only_one_window() && check_changed_any(eap->forceit, TRUE)))
+    {
+	not_exiting();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	// quit last window
+	// Note: only_one_window() returns true, even so a help window is
+	// still open. In that case only quit, if no address has been
+	// specified. Example:
+	// :h|wincmd w|1q     - don't quit
+	// :h|wincmd w|q      - quit
+	if (only_one_window() && (ONE_WINDOW || eap->addr_count == 0))
+	    getout(0);
+	not_exiting();
+#ifdef FEAT_GUI
+	need_mouse_correct = TRUE;
+#endif
+	// close window; may free buffer
+	win_close(wp, !buf_hide(wp->w_buffer) || eap->forceit);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":cquit".
+ */
+    static void
+ex_cquit(exarg_T *eap UNUSED)
+{
+    // this does not always pass on the exit code to the Manx compiler. why?
+    getout(eap->addr_count > 0 ? (int)eap->line2 : EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Do preparations for "qall" and "wqall".
+ * Returns FAIL when quitting should be aborted.
+ */
+    int
+before_quit_all(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    if (cmdwin_type != 0)
+    {
+	if (eap->forceit)
+	    cmdwin_result = K_XF1;	// ex_window() takes care of this
+	else
+	    cmdwin_result = K_XF2;
+	return FAIL;
+    }
+
+    // Don't quit while editing the command line.
+    if (text_locked())
+    {
+	text_locked_msg();
+	return FAIL;
+    }
+
+    if (before_quit_autocmds(curwin, TRUE, eap->forceit))
+	return FAIL;
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":qall": try to quit all windows
+ */
+    static void
+ex_quit_all(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    if (before_quit_all(eap) == FAIL)
+	return;
+    exiting = TRUE;
+    if (eap->forceit || !check_changed_any(FALSE, FALSE))
+	getout(0);
+    not_exiting();
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":close": close current window, unless it is the last one
+ */
+    static void
+ex_close(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    win_T	*win;
+    int		winnr = 0;
+    if (cmdwin_type != 0)
+	cmdwin_result = Ctrl_C;
+    else
+	if (!text_locked() && !curbuf_locked())
+	{
+	    if (eap->addr_count == 0)
+		ex_win_close(eap->forceit, curwin, NULL);
+	    else
+	    {
+		FOR_ALL_WINDOWS(win)
+		{
+		    winnr++;
+		    if (winnr == eap->line2)
+			break;
+		}
+		if (win == NULL)
+		    win = lastwin;
+		ex_win_close(eap->forceit, win, NULL);
+	    }
+	}
+}
+
+#ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
+/*
+ * ":pclose": Close any preview window.
+ */
+    static void
+ex_pclose(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    win_T	*win;
+
+    // First close any normal window.
+    FOR_ALL_WINDOWS(win)
+	if (win->w_p_pvw)
+	{
+	    ex_win_close(eap->forceit, win, NULL);
+	    return;
+	}
+# ifdef FEAT_PROP_POPUP
+    // Also when 'previewpopup' is empty, it might have been cleared.
+    popup_close_preview();
+# endif
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Close window "win" and take care of handling closing the last window for a
+ * modified buffer.
+ */
+    static void
+ex_win_close(
+    int		forceit,
+    win_T	*win,
+    tabpage_T	*tp)		// NULL or the tab page "win" is in
+{
+    int		need_hide;
+    buf_T	*buf = win->w_buffer;
+
+    // Never close the autocommand window.
+    if (is_aucmd_win(win))
+    {
+	emsg(_(e_cannot_close_autocmd_or_popup_window));
+	return;
+    }
+    if (window_layout_locked(CMD_close))
+	return;
+
+    need_hide = (bufIsChanged(buf) && buf->b_nwindows <= 1);
+    if (need_hide && !buf_hide(buf) && !forceit)
+    {
+#if defined(FEAT_GUI_DIALOG) || defined(FEAT_CON_DIALOG)
+	if ((p_confirm || (cmdmod.cmod_flags & CMOD_CONFIRM)) && p_write)
+	{
+# ifdef FEAT_TERMINAL
+	    if (term_job_running(buf->b_term))
+	    {
+		if (term_confirm_stop(buf) == FAIL)
+		    return;
+		// Manually kill the terminal here because this command will
+		// hide it otherwise.
+		free_terminal(buf);
+		need_hide = FALSE;
+	    }
+	    else
+# endif
+	    {
+		bufref_T bufref;
+
+		set_bufref(&bufref, buf);
+		dialog_changed(buf, FALSE);
+		if (bufref_valid(&bufref) && bufIsChanged(buf))
+		    return;
+		need_hide = FALSE;
+	    }
+	}
+	else
+#endif
+	{
+	    no_write_message();
+	    return;
+	}
+    }
+
+#ifdef FEAT_GUI
+    need_mouse_correct = TRUE;
+#endif
+
+    // free buffer when not hiding it or when it's a scratch buffer
+    if (tp == NULL)
+	win_close(win, !need_hide && !buf_hide(buf));
+    else
+	win_close_othertab(win, !need_hide && !buf_hide(buf), tp);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Handle the argument for a tabpage related ex command.
+ * Returns a tabpage number.
+ * When an error is encountered then eap->errmsg is set.
+ */
+    static int
+get_tabpage_arg(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    int tab_number;
+    int unaccept_arg0 = (eap->cmdidx == CMD_tabmove) ? 0 : 1;
+
+    if (eap->arg && *eap->arg != NUL)
+    {
+	char_u *p = eap->arg;
+	char_u *p_save;
+	int    relative = 0; // argument +N/-N means: go to N places to the
+			     // right/left relative to the current position.
+
+	if (*p == '-')
+	{
+	    relative = -1;
+	    p++;
+	}
+	else if (*p == '+')
+	{
+	    relative = 1;
+	    p++;
+	}
+
+	p_save = p;
+	tab_number = getdigits(&p);
+
+	if (relative == 0)
+	{
+	    if (STRCMP(p, "$") == 0)
+		tab_number = LAST_TAB_NR;
+	    else if (STRCMP(p, "#") == 0)
+		if (valid_tabpage(lastused_tabpage))
+		    tab_number = tabpage_index(lastused_tabpage);
+		else
+		{
+		    eap->errmsg = ex_errmsg(e_invalid_value_for_argument_str,
+								     eap->arg);
+		    tab_number = 0;
+		    goto theend;
+		}
+	    else if (p == p_save || *p_save == '-' || *p != NUL
+		    || tab_number > LAST_TAB_NR)
+	    {
+		// No numbers as argument.
+		eap->errmsg = ex_errmsg(e_invalid_argument_str, eap->arg);
+		goto theend;
+	    }
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    if (*p_save == NUL)
+		tab_number = 1;
+	    else if (p == p_save || *p_save == '-' || *p != NUL
+		    || tab_number == 0)
+	    {
+		// No numbers as argument.
+		eap->errmsg = ex_errmsg(e_invalid_argument_str, eap->arg);
+		goto theend;
+	    }
+	    tab_number = tab_number * relative + tabpage_index(curtab);
+	    if (!unaccept_arg0 && relative == -1)
+		--tab_number;
+	}
+	if (tab_number < unaccept_arg0 || tab_number > LAST_TAB_NR)
+	    eap->errmsg = ex_errmsg(e_invalid_argument_str, eap->arg);
+    }
+    else if (eap->addr_count > 0)
+    {
+	if (unaccept_arg0 && eap->line2 == 0)
+	{
+	    eap->errmsg = _(e_invalid_range);
+	    tab_number = 0;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    tab_number = eap->line2;
+	    if (!unaccept_arg0 && *skipwhite(*eap->cmdlinep) == '-')
+	    {
+		--tab_number;
+		if (tab_number < unaccept_arg0)
+		    eap->errmsg = _(e_invalid_range);
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	switch (eap->cmdidx)
+	{
+	case CMD_tabnext:
+	    tab_number = tabpage_index(curtab) + 1;
+	    if (tab_number > LAST_TAB_NR)
+		tab_number = 1;
+	    break;
+	case CMD_tabmove:
+	    tab_number = LAST_TAB_NR;
+	    break;
+	default:
+	    tab_number = tabpage_index(curtab);
+	}
+    }
+
+theend:
+    return tab_number;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":tabclose": close current tab page, unless it is the last one.
+ * ":tabclose N": close tab page N.
+ */
+    static void
+ex_tabclose(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    tabpage_T	*tp;
+    int		tab_number;
+
+    if (cmdwin_type != 0)
+    {
+	cmdwin_result = K_IGNORE;
+	return;
+    }
+
+    if (first_tabpage->tp_next == NULL)
+    {
+	emsg(_(e_cannot_close_last_tab_page));
+	return;
+    }
+
+    if (window_layout_locked(CMD_tabclose))
+	return;
+
+    tab_number = get_tabpage_arg(eap);
+    if (eap->errmsg != NULL)
+	return;
+
+    tp = find_tabpage(tab_number);
+    if (tp == NULL)
+    {
+	beep_flush();
+	return;
+    }
+    if (tp != curtab)
+    {
+	tabpage_close_other(tp, eap->forceit);
+	return;
+    }
+    else if (!text_locked() && !curbuf_locked())
+	tabpage_close(eap->forceit);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":tabonly": close all tab pages except the current one
+ */
+    static void
+ex_tabonly(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    tabpage_T	*tp;
+    int		done;
+    int		tab_number;
+
+    if (cmdwin_type != 0)
+    {
+	cmdwin_result = K_IGNORE;
+	return;
+    }
+
+    if (first_tabpage->tp_next == NULL)
+    {
+	msg(_("Already only one tab page"));
+	return;
+    }
+
+    if (window_layout_locked(CMD_tabonly))
+	return;
+
+    tab_number = get_tabpage_arg(eap);
+    if (eap->errmsg != NULL)
+	return;
+
+    goto_tabpage(tab_number);
+    // Repeat this up to a 1000 times, because autocommands may
+    // mess up the lists.
+    for (done = 0; done < 1000; ++done)
+    {
+	FOR_ALL_TABPAGES(tp)
+	    if (tp->tp_topframe != topframe)
+	    {
+		tabpage_close_other(tp, eap->forceit);
+		// if we failed to close it quit
+		if (valid_tabpage(tp))
+		    done = 1000;
+		// start over, "tp" is now invalid
+		break;
+	    }
+	if (first_tabpage->tp_next == NULL)
+	    break;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Close the current tab page.
+ */
+    void
+tabpage_close(int forceit)
+{
+    if (window_layout_locked(CMD_tabclose))
+	return;
+
+    // First close all the windows but the current one.  If that worked then
+    // close the last window in this tab, that will close it.
+    if (!ONE_WINDOW)
+	close_others(TRUE, forceit);
+    if (ONE_WINDOW)
+	ex_win_close(forceit, curwin, NULL);
+# ifdef FEAT_GUI
+    need_mouse_correct = TRUE;
+# endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Close tab page "tp", which is not the current tab page.
+ * Note that autocommands may make "tp" invalid.
+ * Also takes care of the tab pages line disappearing when closing the
+ * last-but-one tab page.
+ */
+    void
+tabpage_close_other(tabpage_T *tp, int forceit)
+{
+    int		done = 0;
+    win_T	*wp;
+
+    // Limit to 1000 windows, autocommands may add a window while we close
+    // one.  OK, so I'm paranoid...
+    while (++done < 1000)
+    {
+	wp = tp->tp_firstwin;
+	ex_win_close(forceit, wp, tp);
+
+	// Autocommands may delete the tab page under our fingers and we may
+	// fail to close a window with a modified buffer.
+	if (!valid_tabpage(tp) || tp->tp_firstwin == wp)
+	    break;
+    }
+
+    apply_autocmds(EVENT_TABCLOSED, NULL, NULL, FALSE, curbuf);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":only".
+ */
+    static void
+ex_only(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    if (window_layout_locked(CMD_only))
+	return;
+# ifdef FEAT_GUI
+    need_mouse_correct = TRUE;
+# endif
+    if (eap->addr_count > 0)
+    {
+	win_T   *wp;
+	int	wnr = eap->line2;
+	for (wp = firstwin; --wnr > 0; )
+	{
+	    if (wp->w_next == NULL)
+		break;
+	    else
+		wp = wp->w_next;
+	}
+	win_goto(wp);
+    }
+    close_others(TRUE, eap->forceit);
+}
+
+    static void
+ex_hide(exarg_T *eap UNUSED)
+{
+    // ":hide" or ":hide | cmd": hide current window
+    if (eap->skip)
+	return;
+
+    if (window_layout_locked(CMD_hide))
+	return;
+#ifdef FEAT_GUI
+    need_mouse_correct = TRUE;
+#endif
+    if (eap->addr_count == 0)
+	win_close(curwin, FALSE);	// don't free buffer
+    else
+    {
+	int	winnr = 0;
+	win_T	*win;
+
+	FOR_ALL_WINDOWS(win)
+	{
+	    winnr++;
+	    if (winnr == eap->line2)
+		break;
+	}
+	if (win == NULL)
+	    win = lastwin;
+	win_close(win, FALSE);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":stop" and ":suspend": Suspend Vim.
+ */
+    void
+ex_stop(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    /*
+     * Disallow suspending for "rvim".
+     */
+    if (check_restricted())
+	return;
+
+    if (!eap->forceit)
+	autowrite_all();
+    apply_autocmds(EVENT_VIMSUSPEND, NULL, NULL, FALSE, NULL);
+    windgoto((int)Rows - 1, 0);
+    out_char('\n');
+    out_flush();
+    stoptermcap();
+    out_flush();		// needed for SUN to restore xterm buffer
+    mch_restore_title(SAVE_RESTORE_BOTH);	// restore window titles
+    ui_suspend();		// call machine specific function
+    maketitle();
+    resettitle();		// force updating the title
+    starttermcap();
+    scroll_start();		// scroll screen before redrawing
+    redraw_later_clear();
+    shell_resized();	// may have resized window
+    apply_autocmds(EVENT_VIMRESUME, NULL, NULL, FALSE, NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":exit", ":xit" and ":wq": Write file and quit the current window.
+ */
+    static void
+ex_exit(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    if (not_in_vim9(eap) == FAIL)
+	return;
+#endif
+    if (cmdwin_type != 0)
+    {
+	cmdwin_result = Ctrl_C;
+	return;
+    }
+    // Don't quit while editing the command line.
+    if (text_locked())
+    {
+	text_locked_msg();
+	return;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * we plan to exit if there is only one relevant window
+     */
+    if (check_more(FALSE, eap->forceit) == OK && only_one_window())
+	exiting = TRUE;
+
+    // Write the buffer for ":wq" or when it was changed.
+    // Trigger QuitPre and ExitPre.
+    // Check if we can exit now, after autocommands have changed things.
+    if (((eap->cmdidx == CMD_wq || curbufIsChanged()) && do_write(eap) == FAIL)
+	    || before_quit_autocmds(curwin, FALSE, eap->forceit)
+	    || check_more(TRUE, eap->forceit) == FAIL
+	    || (only_one_window() && check_changed_any(eap->forceit, FALSE)))
+    {
+	not_exiting();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	if (only_one_window())	    // quit last window, exit Vim
+	    getout(0);
+	not_exiting();
+# ifdef FEAT_GUI
+	need_mouse_correct = TRUE;
+# endif
+	// Quit current window, may free the buffer.
+	win_close(curwin, !buf_hide(curwin->w_buffer));
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":print", ":list", ":number".
+ */
+    static void
+ex_print(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    if (curbuf->b_ml.ml_flags & ML_EMPTY)
+	emsg(_(e_empty_buffer));
+    else
+    {
+	for ( ;!got_int; ui_breakcheck())
+	{
+	    print_line(eap->line1,
+		    (eap->cmdidx == CMD_number || eap->cmdidx == CMD_pound
+						 || (eap->flags & EXFLAG_NR)),
+		    eap->cmdidx == CMD_list || (eap->flags & EXFLAG_LIST));
+	    if (++eap->line1 > eap->line2)
+		break;
+	    out_flush();	    // show one line at a time
+	}
+	setpcmark();
+	// put cursor at last line
+	curwin->w_cursor.lnum = eap->line2;
+	beginline(BL_SOL | BL_FIX);
+    }
+
+    ex_no_reprint = TRUE;
+}
+
+#ifdef FEAT_BYTEOFF
+    static void
+ex_goto(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    goto_byte(eap->line2);
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * ":shell".
+ */
+    static void
+ex_shell(exarg_T *eap UNUSED)
+{
+    do_shell(NULL, 0);
+}
+
+#if defined(HAVE_DROP_FILE) || defined(PROTO)
+
+static int drop_busy = FALSE;
+static int drop_filec;
+static char_u **drop_filev = NULL;
+static int drop_split;
+static void (*drop_callback)(void *);
+static void *drop_cookie;
+
+    static void
+handle_drop_internal(void)
+{
+    exarg_T	ea;
+    int		save_msg_scroll = msg_scroll;
+
+    // Setting the argument list may cause screen updates and being called
+    // recursively.  Avoid that by setting drop_busy.
+    drop_busy = TRUE;
+
+    // Check whether the current buffer is changed. If so, we will need
+    // to split the current window or data could be lost.
+    // We don't need to check if the 'hidden' option is set, as in this
+    // case the buffer won't be lost.
+    if (!buf_hide(curbuf) && !drop_split)
+    {
+	++emsg_off;
+	drop_split = check_changed(curbuf, CCGD_AW);
+	--emsg_off;
+    }
+    if (drop_split)
+    {
+	if (win_split(0, 0) == FAIL)
+	    return;
+	RESET_BINDING(curwin);
+
+	// When splitting the window, create a new alist.  Otherwise the
+	// existing one is overwritten.
+	alist_unlink(curwin->w_alist);
+	alist_new();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Set up the new argument list.
+     */
+    alist_set(ALIST(curwin), drop_filec, drop_filev, FALSE, NULL, 0);
+
+    /*
+     * Move to the first file.
+     */
+    // Fake up a minimal "next" command for do_argfile()
+    CLEAR_FIELD(ea);
+    ea.cmd = (char_u *)"next";
+    do_argfile(&ea, 0);
+
+    // do_ecmd() may set need_start_insertmode, but since we never left Insert
+    // mode that is not needed here.
+    need_start_insertmode = FALSE;
+
+    // Restore msg_scroll, otherwise a following command may cause scrolling
+    // unexpectedly.  The screen will be redrawn by the caller, thus
+    // msg_scroll being set by displaying a message is irrelevant.
+    msg_scroll = save_msg_scroll;
+
+    if (drop_callback != NULL)
+	drop_callback(drop_cookie);
+
+    drop_filev = NULL;
+    drop_busy = FALSE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Handle a file drop. The code is here because a drop is *nearly* like an
+ * :args command, but not quite (we have a list of exact filenames, so we
+ * don't want to (a) parse a command line, or (b) expand wildcards). So the
+ * code is very similar to :args and hence needs access to a lot of the static
+ * functions in this file.
+ *
+ * The "filev" list must have been allocated using alloc(), as should each item
+ * in the list. This function takes over responsibility for freeing the "filev"
+ * list.
+ */
+    void
+handle_drop(
+    int		filec,		// the number of files dropped
+    char_u	**filev,	// the list of files dropped
+    int		split,		// force splitting the window
+    void	(*callback)(void *), // to be called after setting the argument
+				     // list
+    void	*cookie)	// argument for "callback" (allocated)
+{
+    // Cannot handle recursive drops, finish the pending one.
+    if (drop_busy)
+    {
+	FreeWild(filec, filev);
+	vim_free(cookie);
+	return;
+    }
+
+    // When calling handle_drop() more than once in a row we only use the last
+    // one.
+    if (drop_filev != NULL)
+    {
+	FreeWild(drop_filec, drop_filev);
+	vim_free(drop_cookie);
+    }
+
+    drop_filec = filec;
+    drop_filev = filev;
+    drop_split = split;
+    drop_callback = callback;
+    drop_cookie = cookie;
+
+    // Postpone this when:
+    // - editing the command line
+    // - not possible to change the current buffer
+    // - updating the screen
+    // As it may change buffers and window structures that are in use and cause
+    // freed memory to be used.
+    if (text_locked() || curbuf_locked() || updating_screen)
+	return;
+
+    handle_drop_internal();
+}
+
+/*
+ * To be called when text is unlocked, curbuf is unlocked or updating_screen is
+ * reset: Handle a postponed drop.
+ */
+    void
+handle_any_postponed_drop(void)
+{
+    if (!drop_busy && drop_filev != NULL
+	     && !text_locked() && !curbuf_locked() && !updating_screen)
+	handle_drop_internal();
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * ":preserve".
+ */
+    static void
+ex_preserve(exarg_T *eap UNUSED)
+{
+    curbuf->b_flags |= BF_PRESERVED;
+    ml_preserve(curbuf, TRUE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":recover".
+ */
+    static void
+ex_recover(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    // Set recoverymode right away to avoid the ATTENTION prompt.
+    recoverymode = TRUE;
+    if (!check_changed(curbuf, (p_awa ? CCGD_AW : 0)
+			     | CCGD_MULTWIN
+			     | (eap->forceit ? CCGD_FORCEIT : 0)
+			     | CCGD_EXCMD)
+
+	    && (*eap->arg == NUL
+			     || setfname(curbuf, eap->arg, NULL, TRUE) == OK))
+	ml_recover(TRUE);
+    recoverymode = FALSE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Command modifier used in a wrong way.  Also for other commands that can't
+ * appear at the toplevel.
+ */
+    static void
+ex_wrongmodifier(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    eap->errmsg = ex_errmsg(e_invalid_command_str, eap->cmd);
+}
+
+/*
+ * :sview [+command] file	split window with new file, read-only
+ * :split [[+command] file]	split window with current or new file
+ * :vsplit [[+command] file]	split window vertically with current or new file
+ * :new [[+command] file]	split window with no or new file
+ * :vnew [[+command] file]	split vertically window with no or new file
+ * :sfind [+command] file	split window with file in 'path'
+ *
+ * :tabedit			open new Tab page with empty window
+ * :tabedit [+command] file	open new Tab page and edit "file"
+ * :tabnew [[+command] file]	just like :tabedit
+ * :tabfind [+command] file	open new Tab page and find "file"
+ */
+    void
+ex_splitview(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    win_T	*old_curwin = curwin;
+    char_u	*fname = NULL;
+#ifdef FEAT_BROWSE
+    char_u	dot_path[] = ".";
+    int		save_cmod_flags = cmdmod.cmod_flags;
+#endif
+    int		use_tab = eap->cmdidx == CMD_tabedit
+		       || eap->cmdidx == CMD_tabfind
+		       || eap->cmdidx == CMD_tabnew;
+
+    if (ERROR_IF_ANY_POPUP_WINDOW)
+	return;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_GUI
+    need_mouse_correct = TRUE;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
+    // A ":split" in the quickfix window works like ":new".  Don't want two
+    // quickfix windows.  But it's OK when doing ":tab split".
+    if (bt_quickfix(curbuf) && cmdmod.cmod_tab == 0)
+    {
+	if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_split)
+	    eap->cmdidx = CMD_new;
+	if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_vsplit)
+	    eap->cmdidx = CMD_vnew;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_sfind || eap->cmdidx == CMD_tabfind)
+    {
+	char_u	*file_to_find = NULL;
+	char	*search_ctx = NULL;
+	fname = find_file_in_path(eap->arg, (int)STRLEN(eap->arg),
+					  FNAME_MESS, TRUE, curbuf->b_ffname,
+					  &file_to_find, &search_ctx);
+	vim_free(file_to_find);
+	vim_findfile_cleanup(search_ctx);
+	if (fname == NULL)
+	    goto theend;
+	eap->arg = fname;
+    }
+# ifdef FEAT_BROWSE
+    else if ((cmdmod.cmod_flags & CMOD_BROWSE)
+	    && eap->cmdidx != CMD_vnew
+	    && eap->cmdidx != CMD_new)
+    {
+	if (
+# ifdef FEAT_GUI
+	    !gui.in_use &&
+# endif
+		au_has_group((char_u *)"FileExplorer"))
+	{
+	    // No browsing supported but we do have the file explorer:
+	    // Edit the directory.
+	    if (*eap->arg == NUL || !mch_isdir(eap->arg))
+		eap->arg = dot_path;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    fname = do_browse(0, (char_u *)(use_tab
+			? _("Edit File in new tab page")
+			: _("Edit File in new window")),
+					  eap->arg, NULL, NULL, NULL, curbuf);
+	    if (fname == NULL)
+		goto theend;
+	    eap->arg = fname;
+	}
+    }
+    cmdmod.cmod_flags &= ~CMOD_BROWSE;	// Don't browse again in do_ecmd().
+#endif
+
+    /*
+     * Either open new tab page or split the window.
+     */
+    if (use_tab)
+    {
+	if (win_new_tabpage(cmdmod.cmod_tab != 0 ? cmdmod.cmod_tab
+			 : eap->addr_count == 0 ? 0
+					       : (int)eap->line2 + 1) != FAIL)
+	{
+	    do_exedit(eap, old_curwin);
+
+	    // set the alternate buffer for the window we came from
+	    if (curwin != old_curwin
+		    && win_valid(old_curwin)
+		    && old_curwin->w_buffer != curbuf
+		    && (cmdmod.cmod_flags & CMOD_KEEPALT) == 0)
+		old_curwin->w_alt_fnum = curbuf->b_fnum;
+	}
+    }
+    else if (win_split(eap->addr_count > 0 ? (int)eap->line2 : 0,
+				     *eap->cmd == 'v' ? WSP_VERT : 0) != FAIL)
+    {
+	// Reset 'scrollbind' when editing another file, but keep it when
+	// doing ":split" without arguments.
+	if (*eap->arg != NUL)
+	    RESET_BINDING(curwin);
+	else
+	    do_check_scrollbind(FALSE);
+	do_exedit(eap, old_curwin);
+    }
+
+# ifdef FEAT_BROWSE
+    cmdmod.cmod_flags = save_cmod_flags;
+# endif
+
+theend:
+    vim_free(fname);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Open a new tab page.
+ */
+    void
+tabpage_new(void)
+{
+    exarg_T	ea;
+
+    CLEAR_FIELD(ea);
+    ea.cmdidx = CMD_tabnew;
+    ea.cmd = (char_u *)"tabn";
+    ea.arg = (char_u *)"";
+    ex_splitview(&ea);
+}
+
+/*
+ * :tabnext command
+ */
+    static void
+ex_tabnext(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    int tab_number;
+
+    if (ERROR_IF_POPUP_WINDOW)
+	return;
+    switch (eap->cmdidx)
+    {
+	case CMD_tabfirst:
+	case CMD_tabrewind:
+	    goto_tabpage(1);
+	    break;
+	case CMD_tablast:
+	    goto_tabpage(9999);
+	    break;
+	case CMD_tabprevious:
+	case CMD_tabNext:
+	    if (eap->arg && *eap->arg != NUL)
+	    {
+		char_u *p = eap->arg;
+		char_u *p_save = p;
+
+		tab_number = getdigits(&p);
+		if (p == p_save || *p_save == '-' || *p != NUL
+			    || tab_number == 0)
+		{
+		    // No numbers as argument.
+		    eap->errmsg = ex_errmsg(e_invalid_argument_str, eap->arg);
+		    return;
+		}
+	    }
+	    else
+	    {
+		if (eap->addr_count == 0)
+		    tab_number = 1;
+		else
+		{
+		    tab_number = eap->line2;
+		    if (tab_number < 1)
+		    {
+			eap->errmsg = _(e_invalid_range);
+			return;
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	    goto_tabpage(-tab_number);
+	    break;
+	default: // CMD_tabnext
+	    tab_number = get_tabpage_arg(eap);
+	    if (eap->errmsg == NULL)
+		goto_tabpage(tab_number);
+	    break;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * :tabmove command
+ */
+    static void
+ex_tabmove(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    int tab_number;
+
+    tab_number = get_tabpage_arg(eap);
+    if (eap->errmsg == NULL)
+	tabpage_move(tab_number);
+}
+
+/*
+ * :tabs command: List tabs and their contents.
+ */
+    static void
+ex_tabs(exarg_T *eap UNUSED)
+{
+    tabpage_T	*tp;
+    win_T	*wp;
+    int		tabcount = 1;
+
+    msg_start();
+    msg_scroll = TRUE;
+    for (tp = first_tabpage; tp != NULL && !got_int; tp = tp->tp_next)
+    {
+	msg_putchar('\n');
+	vim_snprintf((char *)IObuff, IOSIZE, _("Tab page %d"), tabcount++);
+	msg_outtrans_attr(IObuff, HL_ATTR(HLF_T));
+	out_flush();	    // output one line at a time
+	ui_breakcheck();
+
+	if (tp  == curtab)
+	    wp = firstwin;
+	else
+	    wp = tp->tp_firstwin;
+	for ( ; wp != NULL && !got_int; wp = wp->w_next)
+	{
+	    msg_putchar('\n');
+	    msg_putchar(wp == curwin ? '>' : ' ');
+	    msg_putchar(' ');
+	    msg_putchar(bufIsChanged(wp->w_buffer) ? '+' : ' ');
+	    msg_putchar(' ');
+	    if (buf_spname(wp->w_buffer) != NULL)
+		vim_strncpy(IObuff, buf_spname(wp->w_buffer), IOSIZE - 1);
+	    else
+		home_replace(wp->w_buffer, wp->w_buffer->b_fname,
+							IObuff, IOSIZE, TRUE);
+	    msg_outtrans(IObuff);
+	    out_flush();	    // output one line at a time
+	    ui_breakcheck();
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":mode": Set screen mode.
+ * If no argument given, just get the screen size and redraw.
+ */
+    static void
+ex_mode(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    if (*eap->arg == NUL)
+	shell_resized();
+    else
+	emsg(_(e_screen_mode_setting_not_supported));
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":resize".
+ * set, increment or decrement current window height
+ */
+    static void
+ex_resize(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    int		n;
+    win_T	*wp = curwin;
+
+    if (eap->addr_count > 0)
+    {
+	n = eap->line2;
+	for (wp = firstwin; wp->w_next != NULL && --n > 0; wp = wp->w_next)
+	    ;
+    }
+
+# ifdef FEAT_GUI
+    need_mouse_correct = TRUE;
+# endif
+    n = atol((char *)eap->arg);
+    if (cmdmod.cmod_split & WSP_VERT)
+    {
+	if (*eap->arg == '-' || *eap->arg == '+')
+	    n += wp->w_width;
+	else if (n == 0 && eap->arg[0] == NUL)	// default is very wide
+	    n = 9999;
+	win_setwidth_win(n, wp);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	if (*eap->arg == '-' || *eap->arg == '+')
+	    n += wp->w_height;
+	else if (n == 0 && eap->arg[0] == NUL)	// default is very high
+	    n = 9999;
+	win_setheight_win(n, wp);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":find [+command] <file>" command.
+ */
+    static void
+ex_find(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    char_u	*fname;
+    int		count;
+    char_u	*file_to_find = NULL;
+    char	*search_ctx = NULL;
+
+    fname = find_file_in_path(eap->arg, (int)STRLEN(eap->arg), FNAME_MESS,
+			   TRUE, curbuf->b_ffname, &file_to_find, &search_ctx);
+    if (eap->addr_count > 0)
+    {
+	// Repeat finding the file "count" times.  This matters when it appears
+	// several times in the path.
+	count = eap->line2;
+	while (fname != NULL && --count > 0)
+	{
+	    vim_free(fname);
+	    fname = find_file_in_path(NULL, 0, FNAME_MESS,
+			  FALSE, curbuf->b_ffname, &file_to_find, &search_ctx);
+	}
+    }
+    VIM_CLEAR(file_to_find);
+    vim_findfile_cleanup(search_ctx);
+
+    if (fname == NULL)
+	return;
+
+    eap->arg = fname;
+    do_exedit(eap, NULL);
+    vim_free(fname);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":open" simulation: for now works just like ":visual".
+ */
+    static void
+ex_open(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    regmatch_T	regmatch;
+    char_u	*p;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    if (not_in_vim9(eap) == FAIL)
+	return;
+#endif
+    curwin->w_cursor.lnum = eap->line2;
+    beginline(BL_SOL | BL_FIX);
+    if (*eap->arg == '/')
+    {
+	// ":open /pattern/": put cursor in column found with pattern
+	++eap->arg;
+	p = skip_regexp(eap->arg, '/', magic_isset());
+	*p = NUL;
+	regmatch.regprog = vim_regcomp(eap->arg, magic_isset() ? RE_MAGIC : 0);
+	if (regmatch.regprog != NULL)
+	{
+	    // make a copy of the line, when searching for a mark it might be
+	    // flushed
+	    char_u *line = vim_strsave(ml_get_curline());
+
+	    regmatch.rm_ic = p_ic;
+	    if (vim_regexec(&regmatch, line, (colnr_T)0))
+		curwin->w_cursor.col = (colnr_T)(regmatch.startp[0] - line);
+	    else
+		emsg(_(e_no_match));
+	    vim_regfree(regmatch.regprog);
+	    vim_free(line);
+	}
+	// Move to the NUL, ignore any other arguments.
+	eap->arg += STRLEN(eap->arg);
+    }
+    check_cursor();
+
+    eap->cmdidx = CMD_visual;
+    do_exedit(eap, NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":edit", ":badd", ":balt", ":visual".
+ */
+    static void
+ex_edit(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    do_exedit(eap, NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":edit <file>" command and alike.
+ */
+    void
+do_exedit(
+    exarg_T	*eap,
+    win_T	*old_curwin)	    // curwin before doing a split or NULL
+{
+    int		n;
+    int		need_hide;
+    int		exmode_was = exmode_active;
+
+    if ((eap->cmdidx != CMD_pedit && ERROR_IF_POPUP_WINDOW)
+						 || ERROR_IF_TERM_POPUP_WINDOW)
+	return;
+    /*
+     * ":vi" command ends Ex mode.
+     */
+    if (exmode_active && (eap->cmdidx == CMD_visual
+						|| eap->cmdidx == CMD_view))
+    {
+	exmode_active = FALSE;
+	ex_pressedreturn = FALSE;
+	if (*eap->arg == NUL)
+	{
+	    // Special case:  ":global/pat/visual\NLvi-commands"
+	    if (global_busy)
+	    {
+		if (eap->nextcmd != NULL)
+		{
+		    stuffReadbuff(eap->nextcmd);
+		    eap->nextcmd = NULL;
+		}
+
+		if (exmode_was != EXMODE_VIM)
+		    settmode(TMODE_RAW);
+		int save_RedrawingDisabled = RedrawingDisabled;
+		RedrawingDisabled = 0;
+		int save_nwr = no_wait_return;
+		no_wait_return = 0;
+		need_wait_return = FALSE;
+		int save_ms = msg_scroll;
+		msg_scroll = 0;
+#ifdef FEAT_GUI
+		int save_he = hold_gui_events;
+		hold_gui_events = 0;
+#endif
+		set_must_redraw(UPD_CLEAR);
+		pending_exmode_active = TRUE;
+
+		main_loop(FALSE, TRUE);
+
+		pending_exmode_active = FALSE;
+		RedrawingDisabled = save_RedrawingDisabled;
+		no_wait_return = save_nwr;
+		msg_scroll = save_ms;
+#ifdef FEAT_GUI
+		hold_gui_events = save_he;
+#endif
+	    }
+	    return;
+	}
+    }
+
+    if ((eap->cmdidx == CMD_new
+		|| eap->cmdidx == CMD_tabnew
+		|| eap->cmdidx == CMD_tabedit
+		|| eap->cmdidx == CMD_vnew) && *eap->arg == NUL)
+    {
+	// ":new" or ":tabnew" without argument: edit a new empty buffer
+	setpcmark();
+	(void)do_ecmd(0, NULL, NULL, eap, ECMD_ONE,
+		      ECMD_HIDE + (eap->forceit ? ECMD_FORCEIT : 0),
+		      old_curwin == NULL ? curwin : NULL);
+    }
+    else if ((eap->cmdidx != CMD_split && eap->cmdidx != CMD_vsplit)
+	    || *eap->arg != NUL
+#ifdef FEAT_BROWSE
+	    || (cmdmod.cmod_flags & CMOD_BROWSE)
+#endif
+	    )
+    {
+	// Can't edit another file when "textlock" or "curbuf_lock" is set.
+	// Only ":edit" or ":script" can bring us here, others are stopped
+	// earlier.
+	if (*eap->arg != NUL && text_or_buf_locked())
+	    return;
+
+	n = readonlymode;
+	if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_view || eap->cmdidx == CMD_sview)
+	    readonlymode = TRUE;
+	else if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_enew)
+	    readonlymode = FALSE;   // 'readonly' doesn't make sense in an
+				    // empty buffer
+	if (eap->cmdidx != CMD_balt && eap->cmdidx != CMD_badd)
+	    setpcmark();
+	if (do_ecmd(0, (eap->cmdidx == CMD_enew ? NULL : eap->arg),
+		    NULL, eap,
+		    // ":edit" goes to first line if Vi compatible
+		    (*eap->arg == NUL && eap->do_ecmd_lnum == 0
+				      && vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_GOTO1) != NULL)
+					       ? ECMD_ONE : eap->do_ecmd_lnum,
+		    (buf_hide(curbuf) ? ECMD_HIDE : 0)
+		    + (eap->forceit ? ECMD_FORCEIT : 0)
+		      // after a split we can use an existing buffer
+		    + (old_curwin != NULL ? ECMD_OLDBUF : 0)
+		    + (eap->cmdidx == CMD_badd ? ECMD_ADDBUF : 0)
+		    + (eap->cmdidx == CMD_balt ? ECMD_ALTBUF : 0)
+		    , old_curwin == NULL ? curwin : NULL) == FAIL)
+	{
+	    // Editing the file failed.  If the window was split, close it.
+	    if (old_curwin != NULL)
+	    {
+		need_hide = (curbufIsChanged() && curbuf->b_nwindows <= 1);
+		if (!need_hide || buf_hide(curbuf))
+		{
+#if defined(FEAT_EVAL)
+		    cleanup_T   cs;
+
+		    // Reset the error/interrupt/exception state here so that
+		    // aborting() returns FALSE when closing a window.
+		    enter_cleanup(&cs);
+#endif
+#ifdef FEAT_GUI
+		    need_mouse_correct = TRUE;
+#endif
+		    win_close(curwin, !need_hide && !buf_hide(curbuf));
+
+#if defined(FEAT_EVAL)
+		    // Restore the error/interrupt/exception state if not
+		    // discarded by a new aborting error, interrupt, or
+		    // uncaught exception.
+		    leave_cleanup(&cs);
+#endif
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+	else if (readonlymode && curbuf->b_nwindows == 1)
+	{
+	    // When editing an already visited buffer, 'readonly' won't be set
+	    // but the previous value is kept.  With ":view" and ":sview" we
+	    // want the  file to be readonly, except when another window is
+	    // editing the same buffer.
+	    curbuf->b_p_ro = TRUE;
+	}
+	readonlymode = n;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	if (eap->do_ecmd_cmd != NULL)
+	    do_cmd_argument(eap->do_ecmd_cmd);
+	n = curwin->w_arg_idx_invalid;
+	check_arg_idx(curwin);
+	if (n != curwin->w_arg_idx_invalid)
+	    maketitle();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * if ":split file" worked, set alternate file name in old window to new
+     * file
+     */
+    if (old_curwin != NULL
+	    && *eap->arg != NUL
+	    && curwin != old_curwin
+	    && win_valid(old_curwin)
+	    && old_curwin->w_buffer != curbuf
+	    && (cmdmod.cmod_flags & CMOD_KEEPALT) == 0)
+	old_curwin->w_alt_fnum = curbuf->b_fnum;
+
+    ex_no_reprint = TRUE;
+}
+
+#ifndef FEAT_GUI
+/*
+ * ":gui" and ":gvim" when there is no GUI.
+ */
+    static void
+ex_nogui(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    eap->errmsg = _(e_gui_cannot_be_used_not_enabled_at_compile_time);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(FEAT_GUI_MSWIN) && defined(FEAT_MENU) && defined(FEAT_TEAROFF)
+    static void
+ex_tearoff(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    gui_make_tearoff(eap->arg);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if (defined(FEAT_GUI_MSWIN) || defined(FEAT_GUI_GTK) \
+	|| defined(FEAT_TERM_POPUP_MENU)) && defined(FEAT_MENU)
+    static void
+ex_popup(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+# if defined(FEAT_GUI_MSWIN) || defined(FEAT_GUI_GTK)
+    if (gui.in_use)
+	gui_make_popup(eap->arg, eap->forceit);
+#  ifdef FEAT_TERM_POPUP_MENU
+    else
+#  endif
+# endif
+# ifdef FEAT_TERM_POPUP_MENU
+	pum_make_popup(eap->arg, eap->forceit);
+# endif
+}
+#endif
+
+    static void
+ex_swapname(exarg_T *eap UNUSED)
+{
+    if (curbuf->b_ml.ml_mfp == NULL || curbuf->b_ml.ml_mfp->mf_fname == NULL)
+	msg(_("No swap file"));
+    else
+	msg((char *)curbuf->b_ml.ml_mfp->mf_fname);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":syncbind" forces all 'scrollbind' windows to have the same relative
+ * offset.
+ * (1998-11-02 16:21:01  R. Edward Ralston <eralston@computer.org>)
+ */
+    static void
+ex_syncbind(exarg_T *eap UNUSED)
+{
+    win_T	*wp;
+    win_T	*save_curwin = curwin;
+    buf_T	*save_curbuf = curbuf;
+    long	topline;
+    long	y;
+    linenr_T	old_linenr = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
+
+    setpcmark();
+
+    /*
+     * determine max topline
+     */
+    if (curwin->w_p_scb)
+    {
+	topline = curwin->w_topline;
+	FOR_ALL_WINDOWS(wp)
+	{
+	    if (wp->w_p_scb && wp->w_buffer)
+	    {
+		y = wp->w_buffer->b_ml.ml_line_count - get_scrolloff_value();
+		if (topline > y)
+		    topline = y;
+	    }
+	}
+	if (topline < 1)
+	    topline = 1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	topline = 1;
+    }
+
+
+    /*
+     * Set all scrollbind windows to the same topline.
+     */
+    FOR_ALL_WINDOWS(curwin)
+    {
+	if (curwin->w_p_scb)
+	{
+	    curbuf = curwin->w_buffer;
+	    y = topline - curwin->w_topline;
+	    if (y > 0)
+		scrollup(y, TRUE);
+	    else
+		scrolldown(-y, TRUE);
+	    curwin->w_scbind_pos = topline;
+	    redraw_later(UPD_VALID);
+	    cursor_correct();
+	    curwin->w_redr_status = TRUE;
+	}
+    }
+    curwin = save_curwin;
+    curbuf = save_curbuf;
+    if (curwin->w_p_scb)
+    {
+	did_syncbind = TRUE;
+	checkpcmark();
+	if (old_linenr != curwin->w_cursor.lnum)
+	{
+	    char_u ctrl_o[2];
+
+	    ctrl_o[0] = Ctrl_O;
+	    ctrl_o[1] = 0;
+	    ins_typebuf(ctrl_o, REMAP_NONE, 0, TRUE, FALSE);
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+
+    static void
+ex_read(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    int		i;
+    int		empty = (curbuf->b_ml.ml_flags & ML_EMPTY);
+    linenr_T	lnum;
+
+    if (eap->usefilter)			// :r!cmd
+    {
+	do_bang(1, eap, FALSE, FALSE, TRUE);
+	return;
+    }
+
+    if (u_save(eap->line2, (linenr_T)(eap->line2 + 1)) == FAIL)
+	return;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_BROWSE
+    if (cmdmod.cmod_flags & CMOD_BROWSE)
+    {
+	char_u *browseFile;
+
+	browseFile = do_browse(0, (char_u *)_("Append File"), eap->arg,
+		NULL, NULL, NULL, curbuf);
+	if (browseFile != NULL)
+	{
+	    i = readfile(browseFile, NULL,
+		    eap->line2, (linenr_T)0, (linenr_T)MAXLNUM, eap, 0);
+	    vim_free(browseFile);
+	}
+	else
+	    i = OK;
+    }
+    else
+#endif
+	if (*eap->arg == NUL)
+	{
+	    if (check_fname() == FAIL)	// check for no file name
+		return;
+	    i = readfile(curbuf->b_ffname, curbuf->b_fname,
+		    eap->line2, (linenr_T)0, (linenr_T)MAXLNUM, eap, 0);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    if (vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_ALTREAD) != NULL)
+		(void)setaltfname(eap->arg, eap->arg, (linenr_T)1);
+	    i = readfile(eap->arg, NULL,
+		    eap->line2, (linenr_T)0, (linenr_T)MAXLNUM, eap, 0);
+
+	}
+    if (i != OK)
+    {
+#if defined(FEAT_EVAL)
+	if (!aborting())
+#endif
+	    semsg(_(e_cant_open_file_str), eap->arg);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	if (empty && exmode_active)
+	{
+	    // Delete the empty line that remains.  Historically ex does
+	    // this but vi doesn't.
+	    if (eap->line2 == 0)
+		lnum = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
+	    else
+		lnum = 1;
+	    if (*ml_get(lnum) == NUL && u_savedel(lnum, 1L) == OK)
+	    {
+		ml_delete(lnum);
+		if (curwin->w_cursor.lnum > 1
+			&& curwin->w_cursor.lnum >= lnum)
+		    --curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
+		deleted_lines_mark(lnum, 1L);
+	    }
+	}
+	redraw_curbuf_later(UPD_VALID);
+    }
+}
+
+static char_u	*prev_dir = NULL;
+
+#if defined(EXITFREE) || defined(PROTO)
+    void
+free_cd_dir(void)
+{
+    VIM_CLEAR(prev_dir);
+    VIM_CLEAR(globaldir);
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Get the previous directory for the given chdir scope.
+ */
+    static char_u *
+get_prevdir(cdscope_T scope)
+{
+    if (scope == CDSCOPE_WINDOW)
+	return curwin->w_prevdir;
+    else if (scope == CDSCOPE_TABPAGE)
+	return curtab->tp_prevdir;
+    return prev_dir;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Deal with the side effects of changing the current directory.
+ * When 'scope' is CDSCOPE_TABPAGE then this was after an ":tcd" command.
+ * When 'scope' is CDSCOPE_WINDOW then this was after an ":lcd" command.
+ */
+    void
+post_chdir(cdscope_T scope)
+{
+    if (scope != CDSCOPE_WINDOW)
+	// Clear tab local directory for both :cd and :tcd
+	VIM_CLEAR(curtab->tp_localdir);
+    VIM_CLEAR(curwin->w_localdir);
+    if (scope != CDSCOPE_GLOBAL)
+    {
+	char_u	*pdir = get_prevdir(scope);
+
+	// If still in the global directory, need to remember current
+	// directory as the global directory.
+	if (globaldir == NULL && pdir != NULL)
+	    globaldir = vim_strsave(pdir);
+
+	// Remember this local directory for the window.
+	if (mch_dirname(NameBuff, MAXPATHL) == OK)
+	{
+	    if (scope == CDSCOPE_TABPAGE)
+		curtab->tp_localdir = vim_strsave(NameBuff);
+	    else
+		curwin->w_localdir = vim_strsave(NameBuff);
+	}
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	// We are now in the global directory, no need to remember its name.
+	VIM_CLEAR(globaldir);
+    }
+
+    last_chdir_reason = NULL;
+    shorten_fnames(TRUE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Trigger DirChangedPre for "acmd_fname" with directory "new_dir".
+ */
+    void
+trigger_DirChangedPre(char_u *acmd_fname, char_u *new_dir)
+{
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    dict_T	    *v_event;
+    save_v_event_T  save_v_event;
+
+    v_event = get_v_event(&save_v_event);
+    (void)dict_add_string(v_event, "directory", new_dir);
+    dict_set_items_ro(v_event);
+#endif
+    apply_autocmds(EVENT_DIRCHANGEDPRE, acmd_fname, new_dir, FALSE, curbuf);
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    restore_v_event(v_event, &save_v_event);
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Change directory function used by :cd/:tcd/:lcd Ex commands and the
+ * chdir() function.
+ * scope == CDSCOPE_WINDOW: changes the window-local directory
+ * scope == CDSCOPE_TABPAGE: changes the tab-local directory
+ * Otherwise: changes the global directory
+ * Returns TRUE if the directory is successfully changed.
+ */
+    int
+changedir_func(
+	char_u		*new_dir,
+	int		forceit,
+	cdscope_T	scope)
+{
+    char_u	*pdir = NULL;
+    int		dir_differs;
+    char_u	*acmd_fname = NULL;
+    char_u	**pp;
+    char_u	*tofree;
+
+    if (new_dir == NULL || allbuf_locked())
+	return FALSE;
+
+    if (vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_CHDIR) != NULL && curbufIsChanged() && !forceit)
+    {
+	emsg(_(e_cannot_change_directory_buffer_is_modified_add_bang_to_override));
+	return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    // ":cd -": Change to previous directory
+    if (STRCMP(new_dir, "-") == 0)
+    {
+	pdir = get_prevdir(scope);
+	if (pdir == NULL)
+	{
+	    emsg(_(e_no_previous_directory));
+	    return FALSE;
+	}
+	new_dir = pdir;
+    }
+
+    // Save current directory for next ":cd -"
+    if (mch_dirname(NameBuff, MAXPATHL) == OK)
+	pdir = vim_strsave(NameBuff);
+    else
+	pdir = NULL;
+
+    // For UNIX ":cd" means: go to home directory.
+    // On other systems too if 'cdhome' is set.
+#if defined(UNIX) || defined(VMS)
+    if (*new_dir == NUL)
+#else
+    if (*new_dir == NUL && p_cdh)
+#endif
+    {
+	// use NameBuff for home directory name
+# ifdef VMS
+	char_u	*p;
+
+	p = mch_getenv((char_u *)"SYS$LOGIN");
+	if (p == NULL || *p == NUL)	// empty is the same as not set
+	    NameBuff[0] = NUL;
+	else
+	    vim_strncpy(NameBuff, p, MAXPATHL - 1);
+# else
+	expand_env((char_u *)"$HOME", NameBuff, MAXPATHL);
+# endif
+	new_dir = NameBuff;
+    }
+    dir_differs = pdir == NULL
+			    || pathcmp((char *)pdir, (char *)new_dir, -1) != 0;
+    if (dir_differs)
+    {
+	if (scope == CDSCOPE_WINDOW)
+	    acmd_fname = (char_u *)"window";
+	else if (scope == CDSCOPE_TABPAGE)
+	    acmd_fname = (char_u *)"tabpage";
+	else
+	    acmd_fname = (char_u *)"global";
+	trigger_DirChangedPre(acmd_fname, new_dir);
+
+	if (vim_chdir(new_dir))
+	{
+	    emsg(_(e_command_failed));
+	    vim_free(pdir);
+	    return FALSE;
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (scope == CDSCOPE_WINDOW)
+	pp = &curwin->w_prevdir;
+    else if (scope == CDSCOPE_TABPAGE)
+	pp = &curtab->tp_prevdir;
+    else
+	pp = &prev_dir;
+    tofree = *pp;  // new_dir may use this
+    *pp = pdir;
+
+    post_chdir(scope);
+
+    if (dir_differs)
+	apply_autocmds(EVENT_DIRCHANGED, acmd_fname, new_dir, FALSE, curbuf);
+    vim_free(tofree);
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":cd", ":tcd", ":lcd", ":chdir" ":tchdir" and ":lchdir".
+ */
+    void
+ex_cd(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    char_u	*new_dir;
+
+    new_dir = eap->arg;
+#if !defined(UNIX) && !defined(VMS)
+    // for non-UNIX ":cd" means: print current directory unless 'cdhome' is set
+    if (*new_dir == NUL && !p_cdh)
+    {
+	ex_pwd(NULL);
+	return;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    cdscope_T	scope = CDSCOPE_GLOBAL;
+
+    if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_lcd || eap->cmdidx == CMD_lchdir)
+	scope = CDSCOPE_WINDOW;
+    else if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_tcd || eap->cmdidx == CMD_tchdir)
+	scope = CDSCOPE_TABPAGE;
+
+    if (changedir_func(new_dir, eap->forceit, scope))
+    {
+	// Echo the new current directory if the command was typed.
+	if (KeyTyped || p_verbose >= 5)
+	    ex_pwd(eap);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":pwd".
+ */
+    static void
+ex_pwd(exarg_T *eap UNUSED)
+{
+    if (mch_dirname(NameBuff, MAXPATHL) == OK)
+    {
+#ifdef BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME
+	slash_adjust(NameBuff);
+#endif
+	if (p_verbose > 0)
+	{
+	    char *context = "global";
+
+	    if (last_chdir_reason != NULL)
+		context = last_chdir_reason;
+	    else if (curwin->w_localdir != NULL)
+		context = "window";
+	    else if (curtab->tp_localdir != NULL)
+		context = "tabpage";
+	    smsg("[%s] %s", context, (char *)NameBuff);
+	}
+	else
+	    msg((char *)NameBuff);
+    }
+    else
+	emsg(_(e_directory_unknown));
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":=".
+ */
+    static void
+ex_equal(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    smsg("%ld", (long)eap->line2);
+    ex_may_print(eap);
+}
+
+    static void
+ex_sleep(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    int		n;
+    long	len;
+
+    if (cursor_valid())
+    {
+	n = W_WINROW(curwin) + curwin->w_wrow - msg_scrolled;
+	if (n >= 0)
+	    windgoto(n, curwin->w_wincol + curwin->w_wcol);
+    }
+
+    len = eap->line2;
+    switch (*eap->arg)
+    {
+	case 'm': break;
+	case NUL: len *= 1000L; break;
+	default: semsg(_(e_invalid_argument_str), eap->arg); return;
+    }
+
+    // Hide the cursor if invoked with !
+    do_sleep(len, eap->forceit);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Sleep for "msec" milliseconds, but keep checking for a CTRL-C every second.
+ * Hide the cursor if "hide_cursor" is TRUE.
+ */
+    void
+do_sleep(long msec, int hide_cursor)
+{
+    long	done = 0;
+    long	wait_now;
+# ifdef ELAPSED_FUNC
+    elapsed_T	start_tv;
+
+    // Remember at what time we started, so that we know how much longer we
+    // should wait after waiting for a bit.
+    ELAPSED_INIT(start_tv);
+# endif
+
+    if (hide_cursor)
+	cursor_sleep();
+    else
+	cursor_on();
+
+    out_flush_cursor(FALSE, FALSE);
+    while (!got_int && done < msec)
+    {
+	wait_now = msec - done > 1000L ? 1000L : msec - done;
+#ifdef FEAT_TIMERS
+	{
+	    long    due_time = check_due_timer();
+
+	    if (due_time > 0 && due_time < wait_now)
+		wait_now = due_time;
+	}
+#endif
+#ifdef FEAT_JOB_CHANNEL
+	if (has_any_channel() && wait_now > 20L)
+	    wait_now = 20L;
+#endif
+#ifdef FEAT_SOUND
+	if (has_any_sound_callback() && wait_now > 20L)
+	    wait_now = 20L;
+#endif
+	ui_delay(wait_now, TRUE);
+
+#ifdef FEAT_JOB_CHANNEL
+	if (has_any_channel())
+	    ui_breakcheck_force(TRUE);
+	else
+#endif
+	    ui_breakcheck();
+#ifdef MESSAGE_QUEUE
+	// Process the netbeans and clientserver messages that may have been
+	// received in the call to ui_breakcheck() when the GUI is in use. This
+	// may occur when running a test case.
+	parse_queued_messages();
+#endif
+
+# ifdef ELAPSED_FUNC
+	// actual time passed
+	done = ELAPSED_FUNC(start_tv);
+# else
+	// guestimate time passed (will actually be more)
+	done += wait_now;
+# endif
+    }
+
+    // If CTRL-C was typed to interrupt the sleep, drop the CTRL-C from the
+    // input buffer, otherwise a following call to input() fails.
+    if (got_int)
+	(void)vpeekc();
+
+    if (hide_cursor)
+	cursor_unsleep();
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":winsize" command (obsolete).
+ */
+    static void
+ex_winsize(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    int		w, h;
+    char_u	*arg = eap->arg;
+    char_u	*p;
+
+    if (!SAFE_isdigit(*arg))
+    {
+	semsg(_(e_invalid_argument_str), arg);
+	return;
+    }
+    w = getdigits(&arg);
+    arg = skipwhite(arg);
+    p = arg;
+    h = getdigits(&arg);
+    if (*p != NUL && *arg == NUL)
+	set_shellsize(w, h, TRUE);
+    else
+	emsg(_(e_winsize_requires_two_number_arguments));
+}
+
+    static void
+ex_wincmd(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    int		xchar = NUL;
+    char_u	*p;
+
+    if (*eap->arg == 'g' || *eap->arg == Ctrl_G)
+    {
+	// CTRL-W g and CTRL-W CTRL-G  have an extra command character
+	if (eap->arg[1] == NUL)
+	{
+	    emsg(_(e_invalid_argument));
+	    return;
+	}
+	xchar = eap->arg[1];
+	p = eap->arg + 2;
+    }
+    else
+	p = eap->arg + 1;
+
+    set_nextcmd(eap, p);
+    p = skipwhite(p);
+    if (*p != NUL && *p != (
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	    in_vim9script() ? '#' :
+#endif
+		'"')
+	    && eap->nextcmd == NULL)
+	emsg(_(e_invalid_argument));
+    else if (!eap->skip)
+    {
+	// Pass flags on for ":vertical wincmd ]".
+	postponed_split_flags = cmdmod.cmod_split;
+	postponed_split_tab = cmdmod.cmod_tab;
+	do_window(*eap->arg, eap->addr_count > 0 ? eap->line2 : 0L, xchar);
+	postponed_split_flags = 0;
+	postponed_split_tab = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+#if defined(FEAT_GUI) || defined(UNIX) || defined(VMS) || defined(MSWIN)
+/*
+ * ":winpos".
+ */
+    static void
+ex_winpos(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    int		x, y;
+    char_u	*arg = eap->arg;
+    char_u	*p;
+
+    if (*arg == NUL)
+    {
+# if defined(FEAT_GUI) || defined(MSWIN)
+#  ifdef VIMDLL
+	if (gui.in_use ? gui_mch_get_winpos(&x, &y) != FAIL :
+		mch_get_winpos(&x, &y) != FAIL)
+#  elif defined(FEAT_GUI)
+	if (gui.in_use && gui_mch_get_winpos(&x, &y) != FAIL)
+#  else
+	if (mch_get_winpos(&x, &y) != FAIL)
+#  endif
+	{
+	    sprintf((char *)IObuff, _("Window position: X %d, Y %d"), x, y);
+	    msg((char *)IObuff);
+	}
+	else
+# endif
+	    emsg(_(e_obtaining_window_position_not_implemented_for_this_platform));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	x = getdigits(&arg);
+	arg = skipwhite(arg);
+	p = arg;
+	y = getdigits(&arg);
+	if (*p == NUL || *arg != NUL)
+	{
+	    emsg(_(e_winpos_requires_two_number_arguments));
+	    return;
+	}
+# ifdef FEAT_GUI
+	if (gui.in_use)
+	    gui_mch_set_winpos(x, y);
+	else if (gui.starting)
+	{
+	    // Remember the coordinates for when the window is opened.
+	    gui_win_x = x;
+	    gui_win_y = y;
+	}
+#  if defined(HAVE_TGETENT) || defined(VIMDLL)
+	else
+#  endif
+# endif
+# if defined(MSWIN) && (!defined(FEAT_GUI) || defined(VIMDLL))
+	    mch_set_winpos(x, y);
+# endif
+# ifdef HAVE_TGETENT
+	if (*T_CWP)
+	    term_set_winpos(x, y);
+# endif
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Handle command that work like operators: ":delete", ":yank", ":>" and ":<".
+ */
+    static void
+ex_operators(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    oparg_T	oa;
+
+    clear_oparg(&oa);
+    oa.regname = eap->regname;
+    oa.start.lnum = eap->line1;
+    oa.end.lnum = eap->line2;
+    oa.line_count = eap->line2 - eap->line1 + 1;
+    oa.motion_type = MLINE;
+    virtual_op = FALSE;
+    if (eap->cmdidx != CMD_yank)	// position cursor for undo
+    {
+	setpcmark();
+	curwin->w_cursor.lnum = eap->line1;
+	beginline(BL_SOL | BL_FIX);
+    }
+
+    if (VIsual_active)
+	end_visual_mode();
+
+    switch (eap->cmdidx)
+    {
+	case CMD_delete:
+	    oa.op_type = OP_DELETE;
+	    op_delete(&oa);
+	    break;
+
+	case CMD_yank:
+	    oa.op_type = OP_YANK;
+	    (void)op_yank(&oa, FALSE, TRUE);
+	    break;
+
+	default:    // CMD_rshift or CMD_lshift
+	    if (
+#ifdef FEAT_RIGHTLEFT
+		(eap->cmdidx == CMD_rshift) ^ curwin->w_p_rl
+#else
+		eap->cmdidx == CMD_rshift
+#endif
+						)
+		oa.op_type = OP_RSHIFT;
+	    else
+		oa.op_type = OP_LSHIFT;
+	    op_shift(&oa, FALSE, eap->amount);
+	    break;
+    }
+    virtual_op = MAYBE;
+    ex_may_print(eap);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":put".
+ */
+    static void
+ex_put(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    // ":0put" works like ":1put!".
+    if (eap->line2 == 0)
+    {
+	eap->line2 = 1;
+	eap->forceit = TRUE;
+    }
+    curwin->w_cursor.lnum = eap->line2;
+    check_cursor_col();
+    do_put(eap->regname, NULL, eap->forceit ? BACKWARD : FORWARD, 1L,
+						       PUT_LINE|PUT_CURSLINE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Handle ":copy" and ":move".
+ */
+    static void
+ex_copymove(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    long	n;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    if (not_in_vim9(eap) == FAIL)
+	return;
+#endif
+    n = get_address(eap, &eap->arg, eap->addr_type, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, 1);
+    if (eap->arg == NULL)	    // error detected
+    {
+	eap->nextcmd = NULL;
+	return;
+    }
+    get_flags(eap);
+
+    /*
+     * move or copy lines from 'eap->line1'-'eap->line2' to below line 'n'
+     */
+    if (n == MAXLNUM || n < 0 || n > curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
+    {
+	emsg(_(e_invalid_range));
+	return;
+    }
+
+    if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_move)
+    {
+	if (do_move(eap->line1, eap->line2, n) == FAIL)
+	    return;
+    }
+    else
+	ex_copy(eap->line1, eap->line2, n);
+    u_clearline();
+    beginline(BL_SOL | BL_FIX);
+    ex_may_print(eap);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Print the current line if flags were given to the Ex command.
+ */
+    void
+ex_may_print(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    if (eap->flags != 0)
+    {
+	print_line(curwin->w_cursor.lnum, (eap->flags & EXFLAG_NR),
+						  (eap->flags & EXFLAG_LIST));
+	ex_no_reprint = TRUE;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":smagic" and ":snomagic".
+ */
+    static void
+ex_submagic(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    optmagic_T saved = magic_overruled;
+
+    magic_overruled = eap->cmdidx == CMD_smagic
+					  ? OPTION_MAGIC_ON : OPTION_MAGIC_OFF;
+    ex_substitute(eap);
+    magic_overruled = saved;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":join".
+ */
+    static void
+ex_join(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    curwin->w_cursor.lnum = eap->line1;
+    if (eap->line1 == eap->line2)
+    {
+	if (eap->addr_count >= 2)   // :2,2join does nothing
+	    return;
+	if (eap->line2 == curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
+	{
+	    beep_flush();
+	    return;
+	}
+	++eap->line2;
+    }
+    (void)do_join(eap->line2 - eap->line1 + 1, !eap->forceit, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE);
+    beginline(BL_WHITE | BL_FIX);
+    ex_may_print(eap);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":[addr]@r" or ":[addr]*r": execute register
+ */
+    static void
+ex_at(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    int		c;
+    int		prev_len = typebuf.tb_len;
+
+    curwin->w_cursor.lnum = eap->line2;
+    check_cursor_col();
+
+#ifdef USE_ON_FLY_SCROLL
+    dont_scroll = TRUE;		// disallow scrolling here
+#endif
+
+    // get the register name.  No name means to use the previous one
+    c = *eap->arg;
+    if (c == NUL || (c == '*' && *eap->cmd == '*'))
+	c = '@';
+    // Put the register in the typeahead buffer with the "silent" flag.
+    if (do_execreg(c, TRUE, vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_EXECBUF) != NULL, TRUE)
+								      == FAIL)
+    {
+	beep_flush();
+	return;
+    }
+
+    int	save_efr = exec_from_reg;
+
+    exec_from_reg = TRUE;
+
+    /*
+     * Execute from the typeahead buffer.
+     * Continue until the stuff buffer is empty and all added characters
+     * have been consumed.
+     */
+    while (!stuff_empty() || typebuf.tb_len > prev_len)
+	(void)do_cmdline(NULL, getexline, NULL, DOCMD_NOWAIT|DOCMD_VERBOSE);
+
+    exec_from_reg = save_efr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":!".
+ */
+    static void
+ex_bang(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    do_bang(eap->addr_count, eap, eap->forceit, TRUE, TRUE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":undo".
+ */
+    static void
+ex_undo(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    if (eap->addr_count == 1)	    // :undo 123
+	undo_time(eap->line2, FALSE, FALSE, TRUE);
+    else
+	u_undo(1);
+}
+
+#ifdef FEAT_PERSISTENT_UNDO
+    static void
+ex_wundo(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    char_u hash[UNDO_HASH_SIZE];
+
+    u_compute_hash(hash);
+    u_write_undo(eap->arg, eap->forceit, curbuf, hash);
+}
+
+    static void
+ex_rundo(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    char_u hash[UNDO_HASH_SIZE];
+
+    u_compute_hash(hash);
+    u_read_undo(eap->arg, hash, NULL);
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * ":redo".
+ */
+    static void
+ex_redo(exarg_T *eap UNUSED)
+{
+    u_redo(1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":earlier" and ":later".
+ */
+    static void
+ex_later(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    long	count = 0;
+    int		sec = FALSE;
+    int		file = FALSE;
+    char_u	*p = eap->arg;
+
+    if (*p == NUL)
+	count = 1;
+    else if (SAFE_isdigit(*p))
+    {
+	count = getdigits(&p);
+	switch (*p)
+	{
+	    case 's': ++p; sec = TRUE; break;
+	    case 'm': ++p; sec = TRUE; count *= 60; break;
+	    case 'h': ++p; sec = TRUE; count *= 60 * 60; break;
+	    case 'd': ++p; sec = TRUE; count *= 24 * 60 * 60; break;
+	    case 'f': ++p; file = TRUE; break;
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (*p != NUL)
+	semsg(_(e_invalid_argument_str), eap->arg);
+    else
+	undo_time(eap->cmdidx == CMD_earlier ? -count : count,
+							    sec, file, FALSE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":redir": start/stop redirection.
+ */
+    static void
+ex_redir(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    char	*mode;
+    char_u	*fname;
+    char_u	*arg = eap->arg;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    if (redir_execute)
+    {
+	emsg(_(e_cannot_use_redir_inside_execute));
+	return;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    if (STRICMP(eap->arg, "END") == 0)
+	close_redir();
+    else
+    {
+	if (*arg == '>')
+	{
+	    ++arg;
+	    if (*arg == '>')
+	    {
+		++arg;
+		mode = "a";
+	    }
+	    else
+		mode = "w";
+	    arg = skipwhite(arg);
+
+	    close_redir();
+
+	    // Expand environment variables and "~/".
+	    fname = expand_env_save(arg);
+	    if (fname == NULL)
+		return;
+#ifdef FEAT_BROWSE
+	    if (cmdmod.cmod_flags & CMOD_BROWSE)
+	    {
+		char_u	*browseFile;
+
+		browseFile = do_browse(BROWSE_SAVE,
+			(char_u *)_("Save Redirection"),
+			fname, NULL, NULL,
+			(char_u *)_(BROWSE_FILTER_ALL_FILES), curbuf);
+		if (browseFile == NULL)
+		    return;		// operation cancelled
+		vim_free(fname);
+		fname = browseFile;
+		eap->forceit = TRUE;	// since dialog already asked
+	    }
+#endif
+
+	    redir_fd = open_exfile(fname, eap->forceit, mode);
+	    vim_free(fname);
+	}
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	else if (*arg == '@')
+	{
+	    // redirect to a register a-z (resp. A-Z for appending)
+	    close_redir();
+	    ++arg;
+	    if (ASCII_ISALPHA(*arg)
+# ifdef FEAT_CLIPBOARD
+		    || *arg == '*'
+		    || *arg == '+'
+# endif
+		    || *arg == '"')
+	    {
+		redir_reg = *arg++;
+		if (*arg == '>' && arg[1] == '>')  // append
+		    arg += 2;
+		else
+		{
+		    // Can use both "@a" and "@a>".
+		    if (*arg == '>')
+			arg++;
+		    // Make register empty when not using @A-@Z and the
+		    // command is valid.
+		    if (*arg == NUL && !SAFE_isupper(redir_reg))
+			write_reg_contents(redir_reg, (char_u *)"", -1, FALSE);
+		}
+	    }
+	    if (*arg != NUL)
+	    {
+		redir_reg = 0;
+		semsg(_(e_invalid_argument_str), eap->arg);
+	    }
+	}
+	else if (*arg == '=' && arg[1] == '>')
+	{
+	    int append;
+
+	    // redirect to a variable
+	    close_redir();
+	    arg += 2;
+
+	    if (*arg == '>')
+	    {
+		++arg;
+		append = TRUE;
+	    }
+	    else
+		append = FALSE;
+
+	    if (var_redir_start(skipwhite(arg), append) == OK)
+		redir_vname = 1;
+	}
+#endif
+
+	// TODO: redirect to a buffer
+
+	else
+	    semsg(_(e_invalid_argument_str), eap->arg);
+    }
+
+    // Make sure redirection is not off.  Can happen for cmdline completion
+    // that indirectly invokes a command to catch its output.
+    if (redir_fd != NULL
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+			  || redir_reg || redir_vname
+#endif
+							)
+	redir_off = FALSE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":redraw": force redraw, with clear for ":redraw!".
+ */
+    void
+ex_redraw(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    redraw_cmd(eap->forceit);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":redraw": force redraw, with clear if "clear" is TRUE.
+ */
+    void
+redraw_cmd(int clear)
+{
+    int save_RedrawingDisabled = RedrawingDisabled;
+    RedrawingDisabled = 0;
+
+    int save_p_lz = p_lz;
+    p_lz = FALSE;
+
+    validate_cursor();
+    update_topline();
+    update_screen(clear ? UPD_CLEAR : VIsual_active ? UPD_INVERTED : 0);
+    if (need_maketitle)
+	maketitle();
+#if defined(MSWIN) && (!defined(FEAT_GUI_MSWIN) || defined(VIMDLL))
+# ifdef VIMDLL
+    if (!gui.in_use)
+# endif
+	resize_console_buf();
+#endif
+    RedrawingDisabled = save_RedrawingDisabled;
+    p_lz = save_p_lz;
+
+    // After drawing the statusline screen_attr may still be set.
+    screen_stop_highlight();
+
+    // Reset msg_didout, so that a message that's there is overwritten.
+    msg_didout = FALSE;
+    msg_col = 0;
+
+    // No need to wait after an intentional redraw.
+    need_wait_return = FALSE;
+
+    // When invoked from a callback or autocmd the command line may be active.
+    if (State & MODE_CMDLINE)
+	redrawcmdline();
+
+    out_flush();
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":redrawstatus": force redraw of status line(s)
+ */
+    static void
+ex_redrawstatus(exarg_T *eap UNUSED)
+{
+    if (eap->forceit)
+	status_redraw_all();
+    else
+	status_redraw_curbuf();
+    if (msg_scrolled && (State & MODE_CMDLINE))
+	return;  // redraw later
+
+    int save_RedrawingDisabled = RedrawingDisabled;
+    RedrawingDisabled = 0;
+
+    int save_p_lz = p_lz;
+    p_lz = FALSE;
+
+    if (State & MODE_CMDLINE)
+	redraw_statuslines();
+    else
+	update_screen(VIsual_active ? UPD_INVERTED : 0);
+    RedrawingDisabled = save_RedrawingDisabled;
+    p_lz = save_p_lz;
+    out_flush();
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":redrawtabline": force redraw of the tabline
+ */
+    static void
+ex_redrawtabline(exarg_T *eap UNUSED)
+{
+    int save_RedrawingDisabled = RedrawingDisabled;
+    RedrawingDisabled = 0;
+
+    int save_p_lz = p_lz;
+    p_lz = FALSE;
+
+    draw_tabline();
+
+    RedrawingDisabled = save_RedrawingDisabled;
+    p_lz = save_p_lz;
+    out_flush();
+}
+
+    static void
+close_redir(void)
+{
+    if (redir_fd != NULL)
+    {
+	fclose(redir_fd);
+	redir_fd = NULL;
+    }
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    redir_reg = 0;
+    if (redir_vname)
+    {
+	var_redir_stop();
+	redir_vname = 0;
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+#if (defined(FEAT_SESSION) || defined(FEAT_EVAL)) || defined(PROTO)
+    int
+vim_mkdir_emsg(char_u *name, int prot UNUSED)
+{
+    if (vim_mkdir(name, prot) != 0)
+    {
+	semsg(_(e_cannot_create_directory_str), name);
+	return FAIL;
+    }
+    return OK;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Open a file for writing for an Ex command, with some checks.
+ * Return file descriptor, or NULL on failure.
+ */
+    FILE *
+open_exfile(
+    char_u	*fname,
+    int		forceit,
+    char	*mode)	    // "w" for create new file or "a" for append
+{
+    FILE	*fd;
+
+#ifdef UNIX
+    // with Unix it is possible to open a directory
+    if (mch_isdir(fname))
+    {
+	semsg(_(e_str_is_directory), fname);
+	return NULL;
+    }
+#endif
+    if (!forceit && *mode != 'a' && vim_fexists(fname))
+    {
+	semsg(_(e_str_exists_add_bang_to_override), fname);
+	return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if ((fd = mch_fopen((char *)fname, mode)) == NULL)
+	semsg(_(e_cannot_open_str_for_writing_2), fname);
+
+    return fd;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":mark" and ":k".
+ */
+    static void
+ex_mark(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    pos_T	pos;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    if (not_in_vim9(eap) == FAIL)
+	return;
+#endif
+    if (*eap->arg == NUL)		// No argument?
+    {
+	emsg(_(e_argument_required));
+	return;
+    }
+
+    if (eap->arg[1] != NUL)	// more than one character?
+    {
+	semsg(_(e_trailing_characters_str), eap->arg);
+	return;
+    }
+
+    pos = curwin->w_cursor;		// save curwin->w_cursor
+    curwin->w_cursor.lnum = eap->line2;
+    beginline(BL_WHITE | BL_FIX);
+    if (setmark(*eap->arg) == FAIL)	// set mark
+	emsg(_(e_argument_must_be_letter_or_forward_backward_quote));
+    curwin->w_cursor = pos;		// restore curwin->w_cursor
+}
+
+/*
+ * Update w_topline, w_leftcol and the cursor position.
+ */
+    void
+update_topline_cursor(void)
+{
+    check_cursor();		// put cursor on valid line
+    update_topline();
+    if (!curwin->w_p_wrap)
+	validate_cursor();
+    update_curswant();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Save the current State and go to Normal mode.
+ * Return TRUE if the typeahead could be saved.
+ */
+    int
+save_current_state(save_state_T *sst)
+{
+    sst->save_msg_scroll = msg_scroll;
+    sst->save_restart_edit = restart_edit;
+    sst->save_msg_didout = msg_didout;
+    sst->save_State = State;
+    sst->save_insertmode = p_im;
+    sst->save_finish_op = finish_op;
+    sst->save_opcount = opcount;
+    sst->save_reg_executing = reg_executing;
+    sst->save_pending_end_reg_executing = pending_end_reg_executing;
+
+    msg_scroll = FALSE;		    // no msg scrolling in Normal mode
+    restart_edit = 0;		    // don't go to Insert mode
+    p_im = FALSE;		    // don't use 'insertmode'
+
+    sst->save_script_version = current_sctx.sc_version;
+    current_sctx.sc_version = 1;    // not in Vim9 script
+
+    /*
+     * Save the current typeahead.  This is required to allow using ":normal"
+     * from an event handler and makes sure we don't hang when the argument
+     * ends with half a command.
+     */
+    save_typeahead(&sst->tabuf);
+    return sst->tabuf.typebuf_valid;
+}
+
+    void
+restore_current_state(save_state_T *sst)
+{
+    // Restore the previous typeahead.
+    restore_typeahead(&sst->tabuf, FALSE);
+
+    msg_scroll = sst->save_msg_scroll;
+    restart_edit = sst->save_restart_edit;
+    p_im = sst->save_insertmode;
+    finish_op = sst->save_finish_op;
+    opcount = sst->save_opcount;
+    reg_executing = sst->save_reg_executing;
+    pending_end_reg_executing = sst->save_pending_end_reg_executing;
+    msg_didout |= sst->save_msg_didout;	// don't reset msg_didout now
+    current_sctx.sc_version = sst->save_script_version;
+
+    // Restore the state (needed when called from a function executed for
+    // 'indentexpr'). Update the mouse and cursor, they may have changed.
+    State = sst->save_State;
+#ifdef CURSOR_SHAPE
+    ui_cursor_shape();		// may show different cursor shape
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":normal[!] {commands}": Execute normal mode commands.
+ */
+    void
+ex_normal(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    save_state_T save_state;
+    char_u	*arg = NULL;
+    int		l;
+    char_u	*p;
+
+    if (ex_normal_lock > 0)
+    {
+	emsg(_(e_not_allowed_here));
+	return;
+    }
+    if (ex_normal_busy >= p_mmd)
+    {
+	emsg(_(e_recursive_use_of_normal_too_deep));
+	return;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * vgetc() expects a CSI and K_SPECIAL to have been escaped.  Don't do
+     * this for the K_SPECIAL leading byte, otherwise special keys will not
+     * work.
+     */
+    if (has_mbyte)
+    {
+	int	len = 0;
+
+	// Count the number of characters to be escaped.
+	for (p = eap->arg; *p != NUL; ++p)
+	{
+#ifdef FEAT_GUI
+	    if (*p == CSI)  // leadbyte CSI
+		len += 2;
+#endif
+	    for (l = (*mb_ptr2len)(p) - 1; l > 0; --l)
+		if (*++p == K_SPECIAL	  // trailbyte K_SPECIAL or CSI
+#ifdef FEAT_GUI
+			|| *p == CSI
+#endif
+			)
+		    len += 2;
+	}
+	if (len > 0)
+	{
+	    arg = alloc(STRLEN(eap->arg) + len + 1);
+	    if (arg != NULL)
+	    {
+		len = 0;
+		for (p = eap->arg; *p != NUL; ++p)
+		{
+		    arg[len++] = *p;
+#ifdef FEAT_GUI
+		    if (*p == CSI)
+		    {
+			arg[len++] = KS_EXTRA;
+			arg[len++] = (int)KE_CSI;
+		    }
+#endif
+		    for (l = (*mb_ptr2len)(p) - 1; l > 0; --l)
+		    {
+			arg[len++] = *++p;
+			if (*p == K_SPECIAL)
+			{
+			    arg[len++] = KS_SPECIAL;
+			    arg[len++] = KE_FILLER;
+			}
+#ifdef FEAT_GUI
+			else if (*p == CSI)
+			{
+			    arg[len++] = KS_EXTRA;
+			    arg[len++] = (int)KE_CSI;
+			}
+#endif
+		    }
+		    arg[len] = NUL;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    ++ex_normal_busy;
+    if (save_current_state(&save_state))
+    {
+	/*
+	 * Repeat the :normal command for each line in the range.  When no
+	 * range given, execute it just once, without positioning the cursor
+	 * first.
+	 */
+	do
+	{
+	    if (eap->addr_count != 0)
+	    {
+		curwin->w_cursor.lnum = eap->line1++;
+		curwin->w_cursor.col = 0;
+		check_cursor_moved(curwin);
+	    }
+
+	    exec_normal_cmd(arg != NULL
+		     ? arg
+		     : eap->arg, eap->forceit ? REMAP_NONE : REMAP_YES, FALSE);
+	}
+	while (eap->addr_count > 0 && eap->line1 <= eap->line2 && !got_int);
+    }
+
+    // Might not return to the main loop when in an event handler.
+    update_topline_cursor();
+
+    restore_current_state(&save_state);
+    --ex_normal_busy;
+    setmouse();
+#ifdef CURSOR_SHAPE
+    ui_cursor_shape();		// may show different cursor shape
+#endif
+
+    vim_free(arg);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":startinsert", ":startreplace" and ":startgreplace"
+ */
+    static void
+ex_startinsert(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    if (eap->forceit)
+    {
+	// cursor line can be zero on startup
+	if (!curwin->w_cursor.lnum)
+	    curwin->w_cursor.lnum = 1;
+	set_cursor_for_append_to_line();
+    }
+#ifdef FEAT_TERMINAL
+    // Ignore this when running in an active terminal.
+    if (term_job_running(curbuf->b_term))
+	return;
+#endif
+
+    // Ignore the command when already in Insert mode.  Inserting an
+    // expression register that invokes a function can do this.
+    if (State & MODE_INSERT)
+	return;
+
+    if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_startinsert)
+	restart_edit = 'a';
+    else if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_startreplace)
+	restart_edit = 'R';
+    else
+	restart_edit = 'V';
+
+    if (!eap->forceit)
+    {
+	if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_startinsert)
+	    restart_edit = 'i';
+	curwin->w_curswant = 0;	    // avoid MAXCOL
+    }
+
+    if (VIsual_active)
+	showmode();
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":stopinsert"
+ */
+    static void
+ex_stopinsert(exarg_T *eap UNUSED)
+{
+    restart_edit = 0;
+    stop_insert_mode = TRUE;
+    clearmode();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Execute normal mode command "cmd".
+ * "remap" can be REMAP_NONE or REMAP_YES.
+ */
+    void
+exec_normal_cmd(char_u *cmd, int remap, int silent)
+{
+    // Stuff the argument into the typeahead buffer.
+    ins_typebuf(cmd, remap, 0, TRUE, silent);
+    exec_normal(FALSE, FALSE, FALSE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Execute normal_cmd() until there is no typeahead left.
+ * When "use_vpeekc" is TRUE use vpeekc() to check for available chars.
+ */
+    void
+exec_normal(int was_typed, int use_vpeekc, int may_use_terminal_loop UNUSED)
+{
+    oparg_T	oa;
+    int		c;
+
+    // When calling vpeekc() from feedkeys() it will return Ctrl_C when there
+    // is nothing to get, so also check for Ctrl_C.
+    clear_oparg(&oa);
+    finish_op = FALSE;
+    while ((!stuff_empty()
+		|| ((was_typed || !typebuf_typed()) && typebuf.tb_len > 0)
+		|| (use_vpeekc && (c = vpeekc()) != NUL && c != Ctrl_C))
+	    && !got_int)
+    {
+	update_topline_cursor();
+#ifdef FEAT_TERMINAL
+	if (may_use_terminal_loop && term_use_loop()
+		&& oa.op_type == OP_NOP && oa.regname == NUL
+		&& !VIsual_active)
+	{
+	    // If terminal_loop() returns OK we got a key that is handled
+	    // in Normal model.  With FAIL we first need to position the
+	    // cursor and the screen needs to be redrawn.
+	    if (terminal_loop(TRUE) == OK)
+		normal_cmd(&oa, TRUE);
+	}
+	else
+#endif
+	    // execute a Normal mode cmd
+	    normal_cmd(&oa, TRUE);
+    }
+}
+
+#ifdef FEAT_FIND_ID
+    static void
+ex_checkpath(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    find_pattern_in_path(NULL, 0, 0, FALSE, FALSE, CHECK_PATH, 1L,
+				   eap->forceit ? ACTION_SHOW_ALL : ACTION_SHOW,
+					      (linenr_T)1, (linenr_T)MAXLNUM);
+}
+
+#if defined(FEAT_QUICKFIX)
+/*
+ * ":psearch"
+ */
+    static void
+ex_psearch(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    g_do_tagpreview = p_pvh;
+    ex_findpat(eap);
+    g_do_tagpreview = 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+    static void
+ex_findpat(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    int		whole = TRUE;
+    long	n;
+    char_u	*p;
+    int		action;
+
+    switch (cmdnames[eap->cmdidx].cmd_name[2])
+    {
+	case 'e':	// ":psearch", ":isearch" and ":dsearch"
+		if (cmdnames[eap->cmdidx].cmd_name[0] == 'p')
+		    action = ACTION_GOTO;
+		else
+		    action = ACTION_SHOW;
+		break;
+	case 'i':	// ":ilist" and ":dlist"
+		action = ACTION_SHOW_ALL;
+		break;
+	case 'u':	// ":ijump" and ":djump"
+		action = ACTION_GOTO;
+		break;
+	default:	// ":isplit" and ":dsplit"
+		action = ACTION_SPLIT;
+		break;
+    }
+
+    n = 1;
+    if (vim_isdigit(*eap->arg))	// get count
+    {
+	n = getdigits(&eap->arg);
+	eap->arg = skipwhite(eap->arg);
+    }
+    if (*eap->arg == '/')   // Match regexp, not just whole words
+    {
+	whole = FALSE;
+	++eap->arg;
+	p = skip_regexp(eap->arg, '/', magic_isset());
+	if (*p)
+	{
+	    *p++ = NUL;
+	    p = skipwhite(p);
+
+	    // Check for trailing illegal characters
+	    if (!ends_excmd2(eap->arg, p))
+		eap->errmsg = ex_errmsg(e_trailing_characters_str, p);
+	    else
+		set_nextcmd(eap, p);
+	}
+    }
+    if (!eap->skip)
+	find_pattern_in_path(eap->arg, 0, (int)STRLEN(eap->arg),
+			    whole, !eap->forceit,
+			    *eap->cmd == 'd' ?	FIND_DEFINE : FIND_ANY,
+			    n, action, eap->line1, eap->line2);
+}
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
+/*
+ * ":ptag", ":ptselect", ":ptjump", ":ptnext", etc.
+ */
+    static void
+ex_ptag(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    g_do_tagpreview = p_pvh;  // will be reset to 0 in ex_tag_cmd()
+    ex_tag_cmd(eap, cmdnames[eap->cmdidx].cmd_name + 1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":pedit"
+ */
+    static void
+ex_pedit(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    win_T	*curwin_save = curwin;
+
+    if (ERROR_IF_ANY_POPUP_WINDOW)
+	return;
+
+    // Open the preview window or popup and make it the current window.
+    g_do_tagpreview = p_pvh;
+    prepare_tagpreview(TRUE, TRUE, FALSE);
+
+    // Edit the file.
+    do_exedit(eap, NULL);
+
+    if (curwin != curwin_save && win_valid(curwin_save))
+    {
+	// Return cursor to where we were
+	validate_cursor();
+	redraw_later(UPD_VALID);
+	win_enter(curwin_save, TRUE);
+    }
+# ifdef FEAT_PROP_POPUP
+    else if (WIN_IS_POPUP(curwin))
+    {
+	// can't keep focus in popup window
+	win_enter(firstwin, TRUE);
+    }
+# endif
+    g_do_tagpreview = 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * ":stag", ":stselect" and ":stjump".
+ */
+    static void
+ex_stag(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    postponed_split = -1;
+    postponed_split_flags = cmdmod.cmod_split;
+    postponed_split_tab = cmdmod.cmod_tab;
+    ex_tag_cmd(eap, cmdnames[eap->cmdidx].cmd_name + 1);
+    postponed_split_flags = 0;
+    postponed_split_tab = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":tag", ":tselect", ":tjump", ":tnext", etc.
+ */
+    static void
+ex_tag(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    ex_tag_cmd(eap, cmdnames[eap->cmdidx].cmd_name);
+}
+
+    static void
+ex_tag_cmd(exarg_T *eap, char_u *name)
+{
+    int		cmd;
+
+    switch (name[1])
+    {
+	case 'j': cmd = DT_JUMP;	// ":tjump"
+		  break;
+	case 's': cmd = DT_SELECT;	// ":tselect"
+		  break;
+	case 'p': cmd = DT_PREV;	// ":tprevious"
+		  break;
+	case 'N': cmd = DT_PREV;	// ":tNext"
+		  break;
+	case 'n': cmd = DT_NEXT;	// ":tnext"
+		  break;
+	case 'o': cmd = DT_POP;		// ":pop"
+		  break;
+	case 'f':			// ":tfirst"
+	case 'r': cmd = DT_FIRST;	// ":trewind"
+		  break;
+	case 'l': cmd = DT_LAST;	// ":tlast"
+		  break;
+	default:			// ":tag"
+#ifdef FEAT_CSCOPE
+		  if (p_cst && *eap->arg != NUL)
+		  {
+		      ex_cstag(eap);
+		      return;
+		  }
+#endif
+		  cmd = DT_TAG;
+		  break;
+    }
+
+    if (name[0] == 'l')
+    {
+#ifndef FEAT_QUICKFIX
+	ex_ni(eap);
+	return;
+#else
+	cmd = DT_LTAG;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    do_tag(eap->arg, cmd, eap->addr_count > 0 ? (int)eap->line2 : 1,
+							  eap->forceit, TRUE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check "str" for starting with a special cmdline variable.
+ * If found return one of the SPEC_ values and set "*usedlen" to the length of
+ * the variable.  Otherwise return -1 and "*usedlen" is unchanged.
+ */
+    int
+find_cmdline_var(char_u *src, int *usedlen)
+{
+    int		len;
+    int		i;
+    static char *(spec_str[]) = {
+		    "%",
+#define SPEC_PERC   0
+		    "#",
+#define SPEC_HASH   (SPEC_PERC + 1)
+		    "<cword>",		// cursor word
+#define SPEC_CWORD  (SPEC_HASH + 1)
+		    "<cWORD>",		// cursor WORD
+#define SPEC_CCWORD (SPEC_CWORD + 1)
+		    "<cexpr>",		// expr under cursor
+#define SPEC_CEXPR  (SPEC_CCWORD + 1)
+		    "<cfile>",		// cursor path name
+#define SPEC_CFILE  (SPEC_CEXPR + 1)
+		    "<sfile>",		// ":so" file name
+#define SPEC_SFILE  (SPEC_CFILE + 1)
+		    "<slnum>",		// ":so" file line number
+#define SPEC_SLNUM  (SPEC_SFILE + 1)
+		    "<stack>",		// call stack
+#define SPEC_STACK  (SPEC_SLNUM + 1)
+		    "<script>",		// script file name
+#define SPEC_SCRIPT (SPEC_STACK + 1)
+		    "<afile>",		// autocommand file name
+#define SPEC_AFILE  (SPEC_SCRIPT + 1)
+		    "<abuf>",		// autocommand buffer number
+#define SPEC_ABUF   (SPEC_AFILE + 1)
+		    "<amatch>",		// autocommand match name
+#define SPEC_AMATCH (SPEC_ABUF + 1)
+		    "<sflnum>",		// script file line number
+#define SPEC_SFLNUM  (SPEC_AMATCH + 1)
+		    "<SID>",		// script ID: <SNR>123_
+#define SPEC_SID  (SPEC_SFLNUM + 1)
+#ifdef FEAT_CLIENTSERVER
+		    "<client>"
+# define SPEC_CLIENT (SPEC_SID + 1)
+#endif
+    };
+
+    for (i = 0; i < (int)ARRAY_LENGTH(spec_str); ++i)
+    {
+	len = (int)STRLEN(spec_str[i]);
+	if (STRNCMP(src, spec_str[i], len) == 0)
+	{
+	    *usedlen = len;
+	    return i;
+	}
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Evaluate cmdline variables.
+ *
+ * change "%"	    to curbuf->b_ffname
+ *	  "#"	    to curwin->w_alt_fnum
+ *	  "%%"	    to curwin->w_alt_fnum in Vim9 script
+ *	  "<cword>" to word under the cursor
+ *	  "<cWORD>" to WORD under the cursor
+ *	  "<cexpr>" to C-expression under the cursor
+ *	  "<cfile>" to path name under the cursor
+ *	  "<sfile>" to sourced file name
+ *	  "<stack>" to call stack
+ *	  "<script>" to current script name
+ *	  "<slnum>" to sourced file line number
+ *	  "<afile>" to file name for autocommand
+ *	  "<abuf>"  to buffer number for autocommand
+ *	  "<amatch>" to matching name for autocommand
+ *
+ * When an error is detected, "errormsg" is set to a non-NULL pointer (may be
+ * "" for error without a message) and NULL is returned.
+ * Returns an allocated string if a valid match was found.
+ * Returns NULL if no match was found.	"usedlen" then still contains the
+ * number of characters to skip.
+ */
+    char_u *
+eval_vars(
+    char_u	*src,		// pointer into commandline
+    char_u	*srcstart,	// beginning of valid memory for src
+    int		*usedlen,	// characters after src that are used
+    linenr_T	*lnump,		// line number for :e command, or NULL
+    char	**errormsg,	// pointer to error message
+    int		*escaped,	// return value has escaped white space (can
+				// be NULL)
+    int		empty_is_error)	// empty result is considered an error
+{
+    int		i;
+    char_u	*s;
+    char_u	*result;
+    char_u	*resultbuf = NULL;
+    int		resultlen;
+    buf_T	*buf;
+    int		valid = VALID_HEAD + VALID_PATH;    // assume valid result
+    int		spec_idx;
+    int		tilde_file = FALSE;
+    int		skip_mod = FALSE;
+    char_u	strbuf[30];
+
+    *errormsg = NULL;
+    if (escaped != NULL)
+	*escaped = FALSE;
+
+    /*
+     * Check if there is something to do.
+     */
+    spec_idx = find_cmdline_var(src, usedlen);
+    if (spec_idx < 0)	// no match
+    {
+	*usedlen = 1;
+	return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Skip when preceded with a backslash "\%" and "\#".
+     * Note: In "\\%" the % is also not recognized!
+     */
+    if (src > srcstart && src[-1] == '\\')
+    {
+	*usedlen = 0;
+	STRMOVE(src - 1, src);	// remove backslash
+	return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * word or WORD under cursor
+     */
+    if (spec_idx == SPEC_CWORD || spec_idx == SPEC_CCWORD
+						     || spec_idx == SPEC_CEXPR)
+    {
+	resultlen = find_ident_under_cursor(&result,
+		spec_idx == SPEC_CWORD ? (FIND_IDENT | FIND_STRING)
+	      : spec_idx == SPEC_CEXPR ? (FIND_IDENT | FIND_STRING | FIND_EVAL)
+	      : FIND_STRING);
+	if (resultlen == 0)
+	{
+	    *errormsg = "";
+	    return NULL;
+	}
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * '#': Alternate file name
+     * '%': Current file name
+     *	    File name under the cursor
+     *	    File name for autocommand
+     *	and following modifiers
+     */
+    else
+    {
+	int off = 0;
+
+	switch (spec_idx)
+	{
+	case SPEC_PERC:
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+		if (!in_vim9script() || src[1] != '%')
+#endif
+		{
+		    // '%': current file
+		    if (curbuf->b_fname == NULL)
+		    {
+			result = (char_u *)"";
+			valid = 0;	    // Must have ":p:h" to be valid
+		    }
+		    else
+		    {
+			result = curbuf->b_fname;
+			tilde_file = STRCMP(result, "~") == 0;
+		    }
+		    break;
+		}
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+		// "%%" alternate file
+		off = 1;
+#endif
+		// FALLTHROUGH
+	case SPEC_HASH:		// '#' or "#99": alternate file
+		if (off == 0 ? src[1] == '#' : src[2] == '%')
+		{
+		    // "##" or "%%%": the argument list
+		    result = arg_all();
+		    resultbuf = result;
+		    *usedlen = off + 2;
+		    if (escaped != NULL)
+			*escaped = TRUE;
+		    skip_mod = TRUE;
+		    break;
+		}
+		s = src + off + 1;
+		if (*s == '<')		// "#<99" uses v:oldfiles
+		    ++s;
+		i = (int)getdigits(&s);
+		if (s == src + off + 2 && src[off + 1] == '-')
+		    // just a minus sign, don't skip over it
+		    s--;
+		*usedlen = (int)(s - src); // length of what we expand
+
+		if (src[off + 1] == '<' && i != 0)
+		{
+		    if (*usedlen < off + 2)
+		    {
+			// Should we give an error message for #<text?
+			*usedlen = off + 1;
+			return NULL;
+		    }
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+		    result = list_find_str(get_vim_var_list(VV_OLDFILES),
+								     (long)i);
+		    if (result == NULL)
+		    {
+			*errormsg = "";
+			return NULL;
+		    }
+#else
+		    *errormsg = _(e_hashsmall_is_not_available_without_the_eval_feature);
+		    return NULL;
+#endif
+		}
+		else
+		{
+		    if (i == 0 && src[off + 1] == '<' && *usedlen > off + 1)
+			*usedlen = off + 1;
+		    buf = buflist_findnr(i);
+		    if (buf == NULL)
+		    {
+			*errormsg = _(e_no_alternate_file_name_to_substitute_for_hash);
+			return NULL;
+		    }
+		    if (lnump != NULL)
+			*lnump = ECMD_LAST;
+		    if (buf->b_fname == NULL)
+		    {
+			result = (char_u *)"";
+			valid = 0;	    // Must have ":p:h" to be valid
+		    }
+		    else
+		    {
+			result = buf->b_fname;
+			tilde_file = STRCMP(result, "~") == 0;
+		    }
+		}
+		break;
+
+	case SPEC_CFILE:	// file name under cursor
+		result = file_name_at_cursor(FNAME_MESS|FNAME_HYP, 1L, NULL);
+		if (result == NULL)
+		{
+		    *errormsg = "";
+		    return NULL;
+		}
+		resultbuf = result;	    // remember allocated string
+		break;
+
+	case SPEC_AFILE:	// file name for autocommand
+		result = autocmd_fname;
+		if (result != NULL && !autocmd_fname_full)
+		{
+		    // Still need to turn the fname into a full path.  It is
+		    // postponed to avoid a delay when <afile> is not used.
+		    autocmd_fname_full = TRUE;
+		    result = FullName_save(autocmd_fname, FALSE);
+		    vim_free(autocmd_fname);
+		    autocmd_fname = result;
+		}
+		if (result == NULL)
+		{
+		    *errormsg = _(e_no_autocommand_file_name_to_substitute_for_afile);
+		    return NULL;
+		}
+		result = shorten_fname1(result);
+		break;
+
+	case SPEC_ABUF:		// buffer number for autocommand
+		if (autocmd_bufnr <= 0)
+		{
+		    *errormsg = _(e_no_autocommand_buffer_number_to_substitute_for_abuf);
+		    return NULL;
+		}
+		sprintf((char *)strbuf, "%d", autocmd_bufnr);
+		result = strbuf;
+		break;
+
+	case SPEC_AMATCH:	// match name for autocommand
+		result = autocmd_match;
+		if (result == NULL)
+		{
+		    *errormsg = _(e_no_autocommand_match_name_to_substitute_for_amatch);
+		    return NULL;
+		}
+		break;
+
+	case SPEC_SFILE:	// file name for ":so" command
+		result = estack_sfile(ESTACK_SFILE);
+		if (result == NULL)
+		{
+		    *errormsg = _(e_no_source_file_name_to_substitute_for_sfile);
+		    return NULL;
+		}
+		resultbuf = result;	    // remember allocated string
+		break;
+	case SPEC_STACK:	// call stack
+		result = estack_sfile(ESTACK_STACK);
+		if (result == NULL)
+		{
+		    *errormsg = _(e_no_call_stack_to_substitute_for_stack);
+		    return NULL;
+		}
+		resultbuf = result;	    // remember allocated string
+		break;
+	case SPEC_SCRIPT:	// script file name
+		result = estack_sfile(ESTACK_SCRIPT);
+		if (result == NULL)
+		{
+		    *errormsg = _(e_no_script_file_name_to_substitute_for_script);
+		    return NULL;
+		}
+		resultbuf = result;	    // remember allocated string
+		break;
+
+	case SPEC_SLNUM:	// line in file for ":so" command
+		if (SOURCING_NAME == NULL || SOURCING_LNUM == 0)
+		{
+		    *errormsg = _(e_no_line_number_to_use_for_slnum);
+		    return NULL;
+		}
+		sprintf((char *)strbuf, "%ld", SOURCING_LNUM);
+		result = strbuf;
+		break;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	case SPEC_SFLNUM:	// line in script file
+		if (current_sctx.sc_lnum + SOURCING_LNUM == 0)
+		{
+		    *errormsg = _(e_no_line_number_to_use_for_sflnum);
+		    return NULL;
+		}
+		sprintf((char *)strbuf, "%ld",
+				 (long)(current_sctx.sc_lnum + SOURCING_LNUM));
+		result = strbuf;
+		break;
+
+	case SPEC_SID:
+		if (current_sctx.sc_sid <= 0)
+		{
+		    *errormsg = _(e_using_sid_not_in_script_context);
+		    return NULL;
+		}
+		sprintf((char *)strbuf, "<SNR>%d_", current_sctx.sc_sid);
+		result = strbuf;
+		break;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FEAT_CLIENTSERVER
+	case SPEC_CLIENT:	// Source of last submitted input
+		sprintf((char *)strbuf, PRINTF_HEX_LONG_U,
+							(long_u)clientWindow);
+		result = strbuf;
+		break;
+#endif
+
+	default:
+		result = (char_u *)""; // avoid gcc warning
+		break;
+	}
+
+	resultlen = (int)STRLEN(result);	// length of new string
+	if (src[*usedlen] == '<')	// remove the file name extension
+	{
+	    ++*usedlen;
+	    if ((s = vim_strrchr(result, '.')) != NULL && s >= gettail(result))
+		resultlen = (int)(s - result);
+	}
+	else if (!skip_mod)
+	{
+	    valid |= modify_fname(src, tilde_file, usedlen, &result, &resultbuf,
+								  &resultlen);
+	    if (result == NULL)
+	    {
+		*errormsg = "";
+		return NULL;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (resultlen == 0 || valid != VALID_HEAD + VALID_PATH)
+    {
+	if (empty_is_error)
+	{
+	    if (valid != VALID_HEAD + VALID_PATH)
+		*errormsg = _(e_empty_file_name_for_percent_or_hash_only_works_with_ph);
+	    else
+		*errormsg = _(e_evaluates_to_an_empty_string);
+	}
+	result = NULL;
+    }
+    else
+	result = vim_strnsave(result, resultlen);
+    vim_free(resultbuf);
+    return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Expand the <sfile> string in "arg".
+ *
+ * Returns an allocated string, or NULL for any error.
+ */
+    char_u *
+expand_sfile(char_u *arg)
+{
+    char	*errormsg;
+    int		len;
+    char_u	*result;
+    char_u	*newres;
+    char_u	*repl;
+    int		srclen;
+    char_u	*p;
+
+    result = vim_strsave(arg);
+    if (result == NULL)
+	return NULL;
+
+    for (p = result; *p; )
+    {
+	if (STRNCMP(p, "<sfile>", 7) != 0)
+	    ++p;
+	else
+	{
+	    // replace "<sfile>" with the sourced file name, and do ":" stuff
+	    repl = eval_vars(p, result, &srclen, NULL, &errormsg, NULL, TRUE);
+	    if (errormsg != NULL)
+	    {
+		if (*errormsg)
+		    emsg(errormsg);
+		vim_free(result);
+		return NULL;
+	    }
+	    if (repl == NULL)		// no match (cannot happen)
+	    {
+		p += srclen;
+		continue;
+	    }
+	    len = (int)STRLEN(result) - srclen + (int)STRLEN(repl) + 1;
+	    newres = alloc(len);
+	    if (newres == NULL)
+	    {
+		vim_free(repl);
+		vim_free(result);
+		return NULL;
+	    }
+	    mch_memmove(newres, result, (size_t)(p - result));
+	    STRCPY(newres + (p - result), repl);
+	    len = (int)STRLEN(newres);
+	    STRCAT(newres, p + srclen);
+	    vim_free(repl);
+	    vim_free(result);
+	    result = newres;
+	    p = newres + len;		// continue after the match
+	}
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+#if defined(FEAT_GUI_DIALOG) || defined(FEAT_CON_DIALOG) || defined(PROTO)
+/*
+ * Make a dialog message in "buff[DIALOG_MSG_SIZE]".
+ * "format" must contain "%s".
+ */
+    void
+dialog_msg(char_u *buff, char *format, char_u *fname)
+{
+    if (fname == NULL)
+	fname = (char_u *)_("Untitled");
+    vim_snprintf((char *)buff, DIALOG_MSG_SIZE, format, fname);
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * ":behave {mswin,xterm}"
+ */
+    static void
+ex_behave(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    if (STRCMP(eap->arg, "mswin") == 0)
+    {
+	set_option_value_give_err((char_u *)"selection",
+						 0L, (char_u *)"exclusive", 0);
+	set_option_value_give_err((char_u *)"selectmode",
+						 0L, (char_u *)"mouse,key", 0);
+	set_option_value_give_err((char_u *)"mousemodel",
+						     0L, (char_u *)"popup", 0);
+	set_option_value_give_err((char_u *)"keymodel",
+					  0L, (char_u *)"startsel,stopsel", 0);
+    }
+    else if (STRCMP(eap->arg, "xterm") == 0)
+    {
+	set_option_value_give_err((char_u *)"selection",
+						 0L, (char_u *)"inclusive", 0);
+	set_option_value_give_err((char_u *)"selectmode", 0L, (char_u *)"", 0);
+	set_option_value_give_err((char_u *)"mousemodel",
+						    0L, (char_u *)"extend", 0);
+	set_option_value_give_err((char_u *)"keymodel", 0L, (char_u *)"", 0);
+    }
+    else
+	semsg(_(e_invalid_argument_str), eap->arg);
+}
+
+static int filetype_detect = FALSE;
+static int filetype_plugin = FALSE;
+static int filetype_indent = FALSE;
+
+/*
+ * ":filetype [plugin] [indent] {on,off,detect}"
+ * on: Load the filetype.vim file to install autocommands for file types.
+ * off: Load the ftoff.vim file to remove all autocommands for file types.
+ * plugin on: load filetype.vim and ftplugin.vim
+ * plugin off: load ftplugof.vim
+ * indent on: load filetype.vim and indent.vim
+ * indent off: load indoff.vim
+ */
+    static void
+ex_filetype(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    char_u	*arg = eap->arg;
+    int		plugin = FALSE;
+    int		indent = FALSE;
+
+    if (*eap->arg == NUL)
+    {
+	// Print current status.
+	smsg("filetype detection:%s  plugin:%s  indent:%s",
+		filetype_detect ? "ON" : "OFF",
+		filetype_plugin ? (filetype_detect ? "ON" : "(on)") : "OFF",
+		filetype_indent ? (filetype_detect ? "ON" : "(on)") : "OFF");
+	return;
+    }
+
+    // Accept "plugin" and "indent" in any order.
+    for (;;)
+    {
+	if (STRNCMP(arg, "plugin", 6) == 0)
+	{
+	    plugin = TRUE;
+	    arg = skipwhite(arg + 6);
+	    continue;
+	}
+	if (STRNCMP(arg, "indent", 6) == 0)
+	{
+	    indent = TRUE;
+	    arg = skipwhite(arg + 6);
+	    continue;
+	}
+	break;
+    }
+    if (STRCMP(arg, "on") == 0 || STRCMP(arg, "detect") == 0)
+    {
+	if (*arg == 'o' || !filetype_detect)
+	{
+	    source_runtime((char_u *)FILETYPE_FILE, DIP_ALL);
+	    filetype_detect = TRUE;
+	    if (plugin)
+	    {
+		source_runtime((char_u *)FTPLUGIN_FILE, DIP_ALL);
+		filetype_plugin = TRUE;
+	    }
+	    if (indent)
+	    {
+		source_runtime((char_u *)INDENT_FILE, DIP_ALL);
+		filetype_indent = TRUE;
+	    }
+	}
+	if (*arg == 'd')
+	{
+	    (void)do_doautocmd((char_u *)"filetypedetect BufRead", TRUE, NULL);
+	    do_modelines(0);
+	}
+    }
+    else if (STRCMP(arg, "off") == 0)
+    {
+	if (plugin || indent)
+	{
+	    if (plugin)
+	    {
+		source_runtime((char_u *)FTPLUGOF_FILE, DIP_ALL);
+		filetype_plugin = FALSE;
+	    }
+	    if (indent)
+	    {
+		source_runtime((char_u *)INDOFF_FILE, DIP_ALL);
+		filetype_indent = FALSE;
+	    }
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    source_runtime((char_u *)FTOFF_FILE, DIP_ALL);
+	    filetype_detect = FALSE;
+	}
+    }
+    else
+	semsg(_(e_invalid_argument_str), arg);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":setfiletype [FALLBACK] {name}"
+ */
+    static void
+ex_setfiletype(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    if (did_filetype)
+	return;
+
+    char_u *arg = eap->arg;
+    if (STRNCMP(arg, "FALLBACK ", 9) == 0)
+	arg += 9;
+
+    set_option_value_give_err((char_u *)"filetype", 0L, arg, OPT_LOCAL);
+    if (arg != eap->arg)
+	did_filetype = FALSE;
+}
+
+    static void
+ex_digraphs(exarg_T *eap UNUSED)
+{
+#ifdef FEAT_DIGRAPHS
+    if (*eap->arg != NUL)
+	putdigraph(eap->arg);
+    else
+	listdigraphs(eap->forceit);
+#else
+    emsg(_(e_no_digraphs_version));
+#endif
+}
+
+#if defined(FEAT_SEARCH_EXTRA) || defined(PROTO)
+    void
+set_no_hlsearch(int flag)
+{
+    no_hlsearch = flag;
+# ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    set_vim_var_nr(VV_HLSEARCH, !no_hlsearch && p_hls);
+# endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":nohlsearch"
+ */
+    static void
+ex_nohlsearch(exarg_T *eap UNUSED)
+{
+    set_no_hlsearch(TRUE);
+    redraw_all_later(UPD_SOME_VALID);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FEAT_CRYPT
+/*
+ * ":X": Get crypt key
+ */
+    static void
+ex_X(exarg_T *eap UNUSED)
+{
+    crypt_check_current_method();
+    (void)crypt_get_key(TRUE, TRUE);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
+    static void
+ex_fold(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    if (foldManualAllowed(TRUE))
+	foldCreate(eap->line1, eap->line2);
+}
+
+    static void
+ex_foldopen(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    opFoldRange(eap->line1, eap->line2, eap->cmdidx == CMD_foldopen,
+							 eap->forceit, FALSE);
+}
+
+    static void
+ex_folddo(exarg_T *eap)
+{
+    linenr_T	lnum;
+
+# ifdef FEAT_CLIPBOARD
+    start_global_changes();
+# endif
+
+    // First set the marks for all lines closed/open.
+    for (lnum = eap->line1; lnum <= eap->line2; ++lnum)
+	if (hasFolding(lnum, NULL, NULL) == (eap->cmdidx == CMD_folddoclosed))
+	    ml_setmarked(lnum);
+
+    // Execute the command on the marked lines.
+    global_exe(eap->arg);
+    ml_clearmarked();	   // clear rest of the marks
+# ifdef FEAT_CLIPBOARD
+    end_global_changes();
+# endif
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(FEAT_QUICKFIX) || defined(PROTO)
+/*
+ * Returns TRUE if the supplied Ex cmdidx is for a location list command
+ * instead of a quickfix command.
+ */
+    int
+is_loclist_cmd(int cmdidx)
+{
+    if (cmdidx < 0 || cmdidx >= CMD_SIZE)
+	return FALSE;
+    return cmdnames[cmdidx].cmd_name[0] == 'l';
+}
+#endif
+
+    int
+get_pressedreturn(void)
+{
+    return ex_pressedreturn;
+}
+
+    void
+set_pressedreturn(int val)
+{
+     ex_pressedreturn = val;
+}