Adding upstream version 2:9.1.0016.upstream/2%9.1.0016

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 2827 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/vim9instr.c b/src/vim9instr.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2179f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/vim9instr.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2827 @@
+/* vi:set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 noet:
+ *
+ * VIM - Vi IMproved	by Bram Moolenaar
+ *
+ * Do ":help uganda"  in Vim to read copying and usage conditions.
+ * Do ":help credits" in Vim to see a list of people who contributed.
+ * See README.txt for an overview of the Vim source code.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * vim9instr.c: Dealing with instructions of a compiled function
+ */
+
+#define USING_FLOAT_STUFF
+#include "vim.h"
+
+#if defined(FEAT_EVAL) || defined(PROTO)
+
+// When not generating protos this is included in proto.h
+#ifdef PROTO
+# include "vim9.h"
+#endif
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Following generate_ functions expect the caller to call ga_grow().
+
+#define RETURN_NULL_IF_SKIP(cctx) if (cctx->ctx_skip == SKIP_YES) return NULL
+#define RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx) if (cctx->ctx_skip == SKIP_YES) return OK
+
+/*
+ * Generate an instruction without arguments.
+ * Returns a pointer to the new instruction, NULL if failed.
+ */
+    isn_T *
+generate_instr(cctx_T *cctx, isntype_T isn_type)
+{
+    garray_T	*instr = &cctx->ctx_instr;
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_NULL_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if (GA_GROW_FAILS(instr, 1))
+	return NULL;
+    isn = ((isn_T *)instr->ga_data) + instr->ga_len;
+    isn->isn_type = isn_type;
+    isn->isn_lnum = cctx->ctx_lnum + 1;
+    ++instr->ga_len;
+
+    return isn;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an instruction without arguments.
+ * "drop" will be removed from the stack.
+ * Returns a pointer to the new instruction, NULL if failed.
+ */
+    isn_T *
+generate_instr_drop(cctx_T *cctx, isntype_T isn_type, int drop)
+{
+    RETURN_NULL_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    cctx->ctx_type_stack.ga_len -= drop;
+    return generate_instr(cctx, isn_type);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate instruction "isn_type" and put "type" on the type stack,
+ * use "decl_type" for the declared type.
+ */
+    static isn_T *
+generate_instr_type2(
+	cctx_T	    *cctx,
+	isntype_T   isn_type,
+	type_T	    *type,
+	type_T	    *decl_type)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, isn_type)) == NULL)
+	return NULL;
+
+    if (push_type_stack2(cctx, type == NULL ? &t_any : type,
+			       decl_type == NULL ? &t_any : decl_type) == FAIL)
+	return NULL;
+
+    return isn;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate instruction "isn_type" and put "type" on the type stack.
+ * Uses "any" for the declared type, which works for constants.  For declared
+ * variables use generate_instr_type2().
+ */
+    isn_T *
+generate_instr_type(cctx_T *cctx, isntype_T isn_type, type_T *type)
+{
+    return generate_instr_type2(cctx, isn_type, type, &t_any);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_DEBUG instruction.
+ */
+    isn_T *
+generate_instr_debug(cctx_T *cctx)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+    dfunc_T	*dfunc = ((dfunc_T *)def_functions.ga_data)
+					       + cctx->ctx_ufunc->uf_dfunc_idx;
+
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_DEBUG)) == NULL)
+	return NULL;
+    isn->isn_arg.debug.dbg_var_names_len = dfunc->df_var_names.ga_len;
+    isn->isn_arg.debug.dbg_break_lnum = cctx->ctx_prev_lnum;
+    return isn;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_CONSTRUCT instruction.
+ * The object will have "size" members.
+ */
+    int
+generate_CONSTRUCT(cctx_T *cctx, class_T *cl)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_CONSTRUCT)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.construct.construct_size = sizeof(object_T)
+			       + cl->class_obj_member_count * sizeof(typval_T);
+    isn->isn_arg.construct.construct_class = cl;
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate ISN_GET_OBJ_MEMBER - access member of object at bottom of stack by
+ * index.
+ */
+    int
+generate_GET_OBJ_MEMBER(cctx_T *cctx, int idx, type_T *type)
+{
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+
+    // drop the object type
+    isn_T *isn = generate_instr_drop(cctx, ISN_GET_OBJ_MEMBER, 1);
+    if (isn == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+
+    isn->isn_arg.classmember.cm_class = NULL;
+    isn->isn_arg.classmember.cm_idx = idx;
+    return push_type_stack2(cctx, type, &t_any);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate ISN_GET_ITF_MEMBER - access member of interface at bottom of stack
+ * by index.
+ */
+    int
+generate_GET_ITF_MEMBER(cctx_T *cctx, class_T *itf, int idx, type_T *type)
+{
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+
+    // drop the object type
+    isn_T *isn = generate_instr_drop(cctx, ISN_GET_ITF_MEMBER, 1);
+    if (isn == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+
+    isn->isn_arg.classmember.cm_class = itf;
+    ++itf->class_refcount;
+    isn->isn_arg.classmember.cm_idx = idx;
+    return push_type_stack2(cctx, type, &t_any);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate ISN_STORE_THIS - store value in member of "this" object with member
+ * index "idx".
+ */
+    int
+generate_STORE_THIS(cctx_T *cctx, int idx)
+{
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+
+    // drop the value type
+    isn_T *isn = generate_instr_drop(cctx, ISN_STORE_THIS, 1);
+    if (isn == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+
+    isn->isn_arg.number = idx;
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * If type at "offset" isn't already VAR_STRING then generate ISN_2STRING.
+ * But only for simple types.
+ * When "tolerant" is TRUE convert most types to string, e.g. a List.
+ */
+    int
+may_generate_2STRING(int offset, int tolerant, cctx_T *cctx)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+    isntype_T	isntype = ISN_2STRING;
+    type_T	*type;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    type = get_type_on_stack(cctx, -1 - offset);
+    switch (type->tt_type)
+    {
+	// nothing to be done
+	case VAR_STRING: return OK;
+
+	// conversion possible
+	case VAR_SPECIAL:
+	case VAR_BOOL:
+	case VAR_NUMBER:
+	case VAR_FLOAT:
+			 break;
+
+	// conversion possible (with runtime check)
+	case VAR_ANY:
+	case VAR_UNKNOWN:
+			 isntype = ISN_2STRING_ANY;
+			 break;
+
+	// conversion possible when tolerant
+	case VAR_LIST:
+			 if (tolerant)
+			 {
+			     isntype = ISN_2STRING_ANY;
+			     break;
+			 }
+			 // FALLTHROUGH
+
+	// conversion not possible
+	case VAR_VOID:
+	case VAR_BLOB:
+	case VAR_FUNC:
+	case VAR_PARTIAL:
+	case VAR_DICT:
+	case VAR_JOB:
+	case VAR_CHANNEL:
+	case VAR_INSTR:
+	case VAR_CLASS:
+	case VAR_OBJECT:
+	case VAR_TYPEALIAS:
+			 to_string_error(type->tt_type);
+			 return FAIL;
+    }
+
+    set_type_on_stack(cctx, &t_string, -1 - offset);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, isntype)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.tostring.offset = offset;
+    isn->isn_arg.tostring.tolerant = tolerant;
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+    static int
+check_number_or_float(type_T *typ1, type_T *typ2, char_u *op)
+{
+    vartype_T	    type1 = typ1->tt_type;
+    vartype_T	    type2 = typ2->tt_type;
+    if (!((type1 == VAR_NUMBER || type1 == VAR_FLOAT
+				   || type1 == VAR_ANY || type1 == VAR_UNKNOWN)
+	    && (type2 == VAR_NUMBER || type2 == VAR_FLOAT
+				 || type2 == VAR_ANY || type2 == VAR_UNKNOWN)))
+    {
+	if (check_type_is_value(typ1) == FAIL
+		|| check_type_is_value(typ2) == FAIL)
+	    return FAIL;
+	if (*op == '+')
+	    emsg(_(e_wrong_argument_type_for_plus));
+	else
+	    semsg(_(e_char_requires_number_or_float_arguments), *op);
+	return FAIL;
+    }
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate instruction for "+".  For a list this creates a new list.
+ */
+    int
+generate_add_instr(
+	cctx_T	    *cctx,
+	vartype_T   vartype,
+	type_T	    *type1,
+	type_T	    *type2,
+	exprtype_T  expr_type)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn = generate_instr_drop(cctx,
+		      vartype == VAR_NUMBER ? ISN_OPNR
+		    : vartype == VAR_LIST ? ISN_ADDLIST
+		    : vartype == VAR_BLOB ? ISN_ADDBLOB
+		    : vartype == VAR_FLOAT ? ISN_OPFLOAT
+		    : ISN_OPANY, 1);
+
+    if (vartype != VAR_LIST && vartype != VAR_BLOB
+	    && type1->tt_type != VAR_ANY
+	    && type1->tt_type != VAR_UNKNOWN
+	    && type2->tt_type != VAR_ANY
+	    && type2->tt_type != VAR_UNKNOWN
+	    && check_number_or_float(type1, type2, (char_u *)"+") == FAIL)
+	return FAIL;
+
+    if (isn != NULL)
+    {
+	if (isn->isn_type == ISN_ADDLIST)
+	    isn->isn_arg.op.op_type = expr_type;
+	else
+	    isn->isn_arg.op.op_type = EXPR_ADD;
+    }
+
+    // When concatenating two lists with different member types the member type
+    // becomes "any".
+    if (vartype == VAR_LIST
+	    && type1->tt_type == VAR_LIST && type2->tt_type == VAR_LIST
+	    && type1->tt_member != type2->tt_member)
+	set_type_on_stack(cctx, &t_list_any, 0);
+
+    return isn == NULL ? FAIL : OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get the type to use for an instruction for an operation on "type1" and
+ * "type2".  If they are matching use a type-specific instruction. Otherwise
+ * fall back to runtime type checking.
+ */
+    vartype_T
+operator_type(type_T *type1, type_T *type2)
+{
+    if (type1->tt_type == type2->tt_type
+	    && (type1->tt_type == VAR_NUMBER
+		|| type1->tt_type == VAR_LIST
+		|| type1->tt_type == VAR_FLOAT
+		|| type1->tt_type == VAR_BLOB))
+	return type1->tt_type;
+    return VAR_ANY;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an instruction with two arguments.  The instruction depends on the
+ * type of the arguments.
+ */
+    int
+generate_two_op(cctx_T *cctx, char_u *op)
+{
+    type_T	*type1;
+    type_T	*type2;
+    vartype_T	vartype;
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+
+    // Get the known type of the two items on the stack.
+    type1 = get_type_on_stack(cctx, 1);
+    type2 = get_type_on_stack(cctx, 0);
+    vartype = operator_type(type1, type2);
+
+    switch (*op)
+    {
+	case '+':
+		  if (generate_add_instr(cctx, vartype, type1, type2,
+							    EXPR_COPY) == FAIL)
+		      return FAIL;
+		  break;
+
+	case '-':
+	case '*':
+	case '/': if (check_number_or_float(type1, type2, op) == FAIL)
+		      return FAIL;
+		  if (vartype == VAR_NUMBER)
+		      isn = generate_instr_drop(cctx, ISN_OPNR, 1);
+		  else if (vartype == VAR_FLOAT)
+		      isn = generate_instr_drop(cctx, ISN_OPFLOAT, 1);
+		  else
+		      isn = generate_instr_drop(cctx, ISN_OPANY, 1);
+		  if (isn != NULL)
+		      isn->isn_arg.op.op_type = *op == '*'
+				 ? EXPR_MULT : *op == '/'? EXPR_DIV : EXPR_SUB;
+		  break;
+
+	case '%': if ((type1->tt_type != VAR_ANY
+			      && type1->tt_type != VAR_UNKNOWN
+					       && type1->tt_type != VAR_NUMBER)
+			  || (type2->tt_type != VAR_ANY
+			      && type2->tt_type != VAR_UNKNOWN
+					      && type2->tt_type != VAR_NUMBER))
+		  {
+		      emsg(_(e_percent_requires_number_arguments));
+		      return FAIL;
+		  }
+		  isn = generate_instr_drop(cctx,
+			      vartype == VAR_NUMBER ? ISN_OPNR : ISN_OPANY, 1);
+		  if (isn != NULL)
+		      isn->isn_arg.op.op_type = EXPR_REM;
+		  break;
+    }
+
+    // correct type of result
+    if (vartype == VAR_ANY)
+    {
+	type_T *type = &t_any;
+
+	// float+number and number+float results in float
+	if ((type1->tt_type == VAR_NUMBER || type1->tt_type == VAR_FLOAT)
+	      && (type2->tt_type == VAR_NUMBER || type2->tt_type == VAR_FLOAT))
+	    type = &t_float;
+	set_type_on_stack(cctx, type, 0);
+    }
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Choose correct error message for the specified type information.
+ */
+    static isntype_T
+compare_isn_not_values(typval_T *tv, type_T *type)
+{
+    if (tv != NULL)
+	(void)check_typval_is_value(tv);
+    else
+	(void)check_type_is_value(type);
+    return ISN_DROP;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get the instruction to use for comparing two values with specified types.
+ * Either "tv1" and "tv2" are passed or "type1" and "type2".
+ * Return ISN_DROP when failed.
+ */
+    static isntype_T
+get_compare_isn(
+	exprtype_T  exprtype,
+	typval_T    *tv1,
+	typval_T    *tv2,
+	type_T	    *type1,
+	type_T	    *type2)
+{
+    isntype_T	isntype = ISN_DROP;
+    vartype_T	vartype1 = tv1 != NULL ? tv1->v_type : type1->tt_type;
+    vartype_T	vartype2 = tv2 != NULL ? tv2->v_type : type2->tt_type;
+
+    if (vartype1 == VAR_CLASS || vartype1 == VAR_TYPEALIAS)
+	return compare_isn_not_values(tv1, type1);
+    if (vartype2 == VAR_CLASS || vartype2 == VAR_TYPEALIAS)
+	return compare_isn_not_values(tv2, type2);
+
+    if (vartype1 == vartype2)
+    {
+	switch (vartype1)
+	{
+	    case VAR_BOOL: isntype = ISN_COMPAREBOOL; break;
+	    case VAR_SPECIAL: isntype = ISN_COMPARESPECIAL; break;
+	    case VAR_NUMBER: isntype = ISN_COMPARENR; break;
+	    case VAR_FLOAT: isntype = ISN_COMPAREFLOAT; break;
+	    case VAR_STRING: isntype = ISN_COMPARESTRING; break;
+	    case VAR_BLOB: isntype = ISN_COMPAREBLOB; break;
+	    case VAR_LIST: isntype = ISN_COMPARELIST; break;
+	    case VAR_DICT: isntype = ISN_COMPAREDICT; break;
+	    case VAR_FUNC: isntype = ISN_COMPAREFUNC; break;
+	    case VAR_OBJECT: isntype = ISN_COMPAREOBJECT; break;
+	    default: isntype = ISN_COMPAREANY; break;
+	}
+    }
+    else if (vartype1 == VAR_ANY || vartype2 == VAR_ANY
+	    || ((vartype1 == VAR_NUMBER || vartype1 == VAR_FLOAT)
+			  && (vartype2 == VAR_NUMBER || vartype2 == VAR_FLOAT))
+	    || (vartype1 == VAR_FUNC && vartype2 == VAR_PARTIAL)
+	    || (vartype1 == VAR_PARTIAL && vartype2 == VAR_FUNC))
+	isntype = ISN_COMPAREANY;
+    else if (vartype1 == VAR_SPECIAL || vartype2 == VAR_SPECIAL)
+    {
+	if ((vartype1 == VAR_SPECIAL
+		&& (tv1 != NULL ? tv1->vval.v_number == VVAL_NONE
+							    : type1 == &t_none)
+		&& vartype2 != VAR_STRING)
+	    || (vartype2 == VAR_SPECIAL
+		&& (tv2 != NULL ? tv2->vval.v_number == VVAL_NONE
+							    : type2 == &t_none)
+		&& vartype1 != VAR_STRING))
+	{
+	    semsg(_(e_cannot_compare_str_with_str),
+			       vartype_name(vartype1), vartype_name(vartype2));
+	    return ISN_DROP;
+	}
+	// although comparing null with number, float or bool is not useful, we
+	// allow it
+	isntype = ISN_COMPARENULL;
+    }
+
+    if ((exprtype == EXPR_IS || exprtype == EXPR_ISNOT)
+	    && (isntype == ISN_COMPAREBOOL
+	    || isntype == ISN_COMPARESPECIAL
+	    || isntype == ISN_COMPARENR
+	    || isntype == ISN_COMPAREFLOAT))
+    {
+	semsg(_(e_cannot_use_str_with_str),
+		exprtype == EXPR_IS ? "is" : "isnot" , vartype_name(vartype1));
+	return ISN_DROP;
+    }
+    if (!(exprtype == EXPR_IS || exprtype == EXPR_ISNOT
+		|| exprtype == EXPR_EQUAL || exprtype == EXPR_NEQUAL)
+	    && (isntype == ISN_COMPAREOBJECT))
+    {
+	semsg(_(e_invalid_operation_for_str), vartype_name(vartype1));
+	return ISN_DROP;
+    }
+    if (isntype == ISN_DROP
+	    || (isntype != ISN_COMPARENULL
+		&& (((exprtype != EXPR_EQUAL
+			&& exprtype != EXPR_NEQUAL
+			&& (vartype1 == VAR_BOOL || vartype1 == VAR_SPECIAL
+			  || vartype2 == VAR_BOOL || vartype2 == VAR_SPECIAL)))
+		    || ((exprtype != EXPR_EQUAL
+			 && exprtype != EXPR_NEQUAL
+			 && exprtype != EXPR_IS
+			 && exprtype != EXPR_ISNOT
+			 && (vartype1 == VAR_BLOB || vartype2 == VAR_BLOB
+			  || vartype1 == VAR_LIST || vartype2 == VAR_LIST))))))
+    {
+	semsg(_(e_cannot_compare_str_with_str),
+		vartype_name(vartype1), vartype_name(vartype2));
+	return ISN_DROP;
+    }
+    return isntype;
+}
+
+    int
+check_compare_types(exprtype_T type, typval_T *tv1, typval_T *tv2)
+{
+    if (get_compare_isn(type, tv1, tv2, NULL, NULL) == ISN_DROP)
+	return FAIL;
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_COMPARE* instruction with a boolean result.
+ */
+    int
+generate_COMPARE(cctx_T *cctx, exprtype_T exprtype, int ic)
+{
+    isntype_T	isntype;
+    isn_T	*isn;
+    garray_T	*stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+
+    // Get the known type of the two items on the stack.  If they are matching
+    // use a type-specific instruction. Otherwise fall back to runtime type
+    // checking.
+    isntype = get_compare_isn(exprtype, NULL, NULL,
+		       get_type_on_stack(cctx, 1), get_type_on_stack(cctx, 0));
+    if (isntype == ISN_DROP)
+	return FAIL;
+
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, isntype)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.op.op_type = exprtype;
+    isn->isn_arg.op.op_ic = ic;
+
+    // takes two arguments, puts one bool back
+    --stack->ga_len;
+    set_type_on_stack(cctx, &t_bool, 0);
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_CONCAT instruction.
+ * "count" is the number of stack elements to join together and it must be
+ * greater or equal to one.
+ * The caller ensures all the "count" elements on the stack have the right type.
+ */
+    int
+generate_CONCAT(cctx_T *cctx, int count)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+    garray_T	*stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_CONCAT)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.number = count;
+
+    // drop the argument types
+    stack->ga_len -= count - 1;
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_2BOOL instruction.
+ * "offset" is the offset in the type stack.
+ */
+    int
+generate_2BOOL(cctx_T *cctx, int invert, int offset)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_2BOOL)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.tobool.invert = invert;
+    isn->isn_arg.tobool.offset = offset;
+
+    // type becomes bool
+    set_type_on_stack(cctx, &t_bool, -1 - offset);
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_COND2BOOL instruction.
+ */
+    int
+generate_COND2BOOL(cctx_T *cctx)
+{
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if (generate_instr(cctx, ISN_COND2BOOL) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+
+    // type becomes bool
+    set_type_on_stack(cctx, &t_bool, 0);
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+    int
+generate_TYPECHECK(
+	cctx_T	    *cctx,
+	type_T	    *expected,
+	int	    number_ok,	    // add TTFLAG_NUMBER_OK flag
+	int	    offset,
+	int	    is_var,
+	int	    argidx)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_CHECKTYPE)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    type_T *tt;
+    if (expected->tt_type == VAR_FLOAT && number_ok)
+    {
+	// always allocate, also for static types
+	tt = ALLOC_ONE(type_T);
+	if (tt != NULL)
+	{
+	    *tt = *expected;
+	    tt->tt_flags &= ~TTFLAG_STATIC;
+	    tt->tt_flags |= TTFLAG_NUMBER_OK;
+	}
+    }
+    else
+	tt = alloc_type(expected);
+
+    isn->isn_arg.type.ct_type = tt;
+    isn->isn_arg.type.ct_off = (int8_T)offset;
+    isn->isn_arg.type.ct_is_var = is_var;
+    isn->isn_arg.type.ct_arg_idx = (int8_T)argidx;
+
+    // type becomes expected
+    set_type_on_stack(cctx, expected, -1 - offset);
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+    int
+generate_SETTYPE(
+	cctx_T	    *cctx,
+	type_T	    *expected)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_SETTYPE)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.type.ct_type = alloc_type(expected);
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_PUSHOBJ instruction.  Object is always NULL.
+ */
+    int
+generate_PUSHOBJ(cctx_T *cctx)
+{
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if (generate_instr_type(cctx, ISN_PUSHOBJ, &t_object) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_PUSHCLASS instruction.  "class" can be NULL.
+ */
+    static int
+generate_PUSHCLASS(cctx_T *cctx, class_T *class)
+{
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    isn_T *isn = generate_instr_type(cctx, ISN_PUSHCLASS,
+				  class == NULL ? &t_any : &class->class_type);
+    if (isn == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.classarg = class;
+    if (class != NULL)
+	++class->class_refcount;
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate a PUSH instruction for "tv".
+ * "tv" will be consumed or cleared.
+ */
+    int
+generate_tv_PUSH(cctx_T *cctx, typval_T *tv)
+{
+    switch (tv->v_type)
+    {
+	case VAR_BOOL:
+	    generate_PUSHBOOL(cctx, tv->vval.v_number);
+	    break;
+	case VAR_SPECIAL:
+	    generate_PUSHSPEC(cctx, tv->vval.v_number);
+	    break;
+	case VAR_NUMBER:
+	    generate_PUSHNR(cctx, tv->vval.v_number);
+	    break;
+	case VAR_FLOAT:
+	    generate_PUSHF(cctx, tv->vval.v_float);
+	    break;
+	case VAR_BLOB:
+	    generate_PUSHBLOB(cctx, tv->vval.v_blob);
+	    tv->vval.v_blob = NULL;
+	    break;
+	case VAR_LIST:
+	    if (tv->vval.v_list != NULL)
+		iemsg("non-empty list constant not supported");
+	    generate_NEWLIST(cctx, 0, TRUE);
+	    break;
+	case VAR_DICT:
+	    if (tv->vval.v_dict != NULL)
+		iemsg("non-empty dict constant not supported");
+	    generate_NEWDICT(cctx, 0, TRUE);
+	    break;
+#ifdef FEAT_JOB_CHANNEL
+	case VAR_JOB:
+	    if (tv->vval.v_job != NULL)
+		iemsg("non-null job constant not supported");
+	    generate_PUSHJOB(cctx);
+	    break;
+	case VAR_CHANNEL:
+	    if (tv->vval.v_channel != NULL)
+		iemsg("non-null channel constant not supported");
+	    generate_PUSHCHANNEL(cctx);
+	    break;
+#endif
+	case VAR_FUNC:
+	    if (tv->vval.v_string != NULL)
+		iemsg("non-null function constant not supported");
+	    generate_PUSHFUNC(cctx, NULL, &t_func_unknown, TRUE);
+	    break;
+	case VAR_PARTIAL:
+	    if (tv->vval.v_partial != NULL)
+		iemsg("non-null partial constant not supported");
+	    if (generate_instr_type(cctx, ISN_NEWPARTIAL, &t_func_unknown)
+								   == NULL)
+		return FAIL;
+	    break;
+	case VAR_STRING:
+	    generate_PUSHS(cctx, &tv->vval.v_string);
+	    tv->vval.v_string = NULL;
+	    break;
+	case VAR_OBJECT:
+	    if (tv->vval.v_object != NULL)
+	    {
+		emsg(_(e_cannot_use_non_null_object));
+		return FAIL;
+	    }
+	    generate_PUSHOBJ(cctx);
+	    break;
+	case VAR_CLASS:
+	    generate_PUSHCLASS(cctx, tv->vval.v_class);
+	    break;
+	default:
+	    siemsg("constant type %d not supported", tv->v_type);
+	    clear_tv(tv);
+	    return FAIL;
+    }
+    tv->v_type = VAR_UNKNOWN;
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_PUSHNR instruction.
+ */
+    int
+generate_PUSHNR(cctx_T *cctx, varnumber_T number)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr_type(cctx, ISN_PUSHNR, &t_number)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.number = number;
+
+    if (number == 0 || number == 1)
+	// A 0 or 1 number can also be used as a bool.
+	set_type_on_stack(cctx, &t_number_bool, 0);
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_PUSHBOOL instruction.
+ */
+    int
+generate_PUSHBOOL(cctx_T *cctx, varnumber_T number)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr_type(cctx, ISN_PUSHBOOL, &t_bool)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.number = number;
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_PUSHSPEC instruction.
+ */
+    int
+generate_PUSHSPEC(cctx_T *cctx, varnumber_T number)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr_type(cctx, ISN_PUSHSPEC,
+			     number == VVAL_NULL ? &t_null : &t_none)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.number = number;
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_PUSHF instruction.
+ */
+    int
+generate_PUSHF(cctx_T *cctx, float_T fnumber)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr_type(cctx, ISN_PUSHF, &t_float)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.fnumber = fnumber;
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_PUSHS instruction.
+ * Consumes "*str".  When freed *str is set to NULL, unless "str" is NULL.
+ * Note that if "str" is used in the instruction OK is returned and "*str" is
+ * not set to NULL.
+ */
+    int
+generate_PUSHS(cctx_T *cctx, char_u **str)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+    int		ret = OK;
+
+    if (cctx->ctx_skip != SKIP_YES)
+    {
+	if ((isn = generate_instr_type(cctx, ISN_PUSHS, &t_string)) == NULL)
+	    ret = FAIL;
+	else
+	{
+	    isn->isn_arg.string = str == NULL ? NULL : *str;
+	    return OK;
+	}
+    }
+    if (str != NULL)
+	VIM_CLEAR(*str);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_PUSHCHANNEL instruction.  Channel is always NULL.
+ */
+    int
+generate_PUSHCHANNEL(cctx_T *cctx)
+{
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+#ifdef FEAT_JOB_CHANNEL
+    if (generate_instr_type(cctx, ISN_PUSHCHANNEL, &t_channel) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    return OK;
+#else
+    emsg(_(e_channel_job_feature_not_available));
+    return FAIL;
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_PUSHJOB instruction.  Job is always NULL.
+ */
+    int
+generate_PUSHJOB(cctx_T *cctx)
+{
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+#ifdef FEAT_JOB_CHANNEL
+    if (generate_instr_type(cctx, ISN_PUSHJOB, &t_job) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    return OK;
+#else
+    emsg(_(e_channel_job_feature_not_available));
+    return FAIL;
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_PUSHBLOB instruction.
+ * Consumes "blob".
+ */
+    int
+generate_PUSHBLOB(cctx_T *cctx, blob_T *blob)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr_type(cctx, ISN_PUSHBLOB, &t_blob)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.blob = blob;
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_PUSHFUNC instruction with name "name".
+ * When "may_prefix" is TRUE prefix "g:" unless "name" is script-local or
+ * autoload.
+ */
+    int
+generate_PUSHFUNC(cctx_T *cctx, char_u *name, type_T *type, int may_prefix)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+    char_u	*funcname;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr_type(cctx, ISN_PUSHFUNC, type)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    if (name == NULL)
+	funcname = NULL;
+    else if (!may_prefix
+	    || *name == K_SPECIAL			    // script-local
+	    || vim_strchr(name, AUTOLOAD_CHAR) != NULL)	    // autoload
+	funcname = vim_strsave(name);
+    else
+    {
+	funcname = alloc(STRLEN(name) + 3);
+	if (funcname != NULL)
+	{
+	    STRCPY(funcname, "g:");
+	    STRCPY(funcname + 2, name);
+	}
+    }
+
+    isn->isn_arg.string = funcname;
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_AUTOLOAD instruction.
+ */
+    int
+generate_AUTOLOAD(cctx_T *cctx, char_u *name, type_T *type)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr_type(cctx, ISN_AUTOLOAD, type)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.string = vim_strsave(name);
+    if (isn->isn_arg.string == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_GETITEM instruction with "index".
+ * "with_op" is TRUE for "+=" and other operators, the stack has the current
+ * value below the list with values.
+ * Caller must check the type is a list.
+ */
+    int
+generate_GETITEM(cctx_T *cctx, int index, int with_op)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+    type_T	*type = get_type_on_stack(cctx, with_op ? 1 : 0);
+    type_T	*item_type = &t_any;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+
+    item_type = type->tt_member;
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_GETITEM)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.getitem.gi_index = index;
+    isn->isn_arg.getitem.gi_with_op = with_op;
+
+    // add the item type to the type stack
+    return push_type_stack(cctx, item_type);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_SLICE instruction with "count".
+ */
+    int
+generate_SLICE(cctx_T *cctx, int count)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_SLICE)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.number = count;
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_CHECKLEN instruction with "min_len".
+ */
+    int
+generate_CHECKLEN(cctx_T *cctx, int min_len, int more_OK)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_CHECKLEN)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.checklen.cl_min_len = min_len;
+    isn->isn_arg.checklen.cl_more_OK = more_OK;
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_STORE instruction.
+ */
+    int
+generate_STORE(cctx_T *cctx, isntype_T isn_type, int idx, char_u *name)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr_drop(cctx, isn_type, 1)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    if (name != NULL)
+	isn->isn_arg.string = vim_strsave(name);
+    else
+	isn->isn_arg.number = idx;
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_LOAD_CLASSMEMBER ("load" == TRUE) or ISN_STORE_CLASSMEMBER
+ * ("load" == FALSE) instruction.
+ */
+    int
+generate_CLASSMEMBER(
+	cctx_T	    *cctx,
+	int	    load,
+	class_T	    *cl,
+	int	    idx)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if (load)
+    {
+	ocmember_T *m = &cl->class_class_members[idx];
+	isn = generate_instr_type(cctx, ISN_LOAD_CLASSMEMBER, m->ocm_type);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	isn = generate_instr_drop(cctx, ISN_STORE_CLASSMEMBER, 1);
+    }
+    if (isn == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.classmember.cm_class = cl;
+    ++cl->class_refcount;
+    isn->isn_arg.classmember.cm_idx = idx;
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_STOREOUTER instruction.
+ */
+    static int
+generate_STOREOUTER(cctx_T *cctx, int idx, int level, int loop_idx)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr_drop(cctx, ISN_STOREOUTER, 1)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    if (level == 1 && loop_idx >= 0 && idx >= loop_idx)
+    {
+	// Store a variable defined in a loop.  A copy will be made at the end
+	// of the loop.  TODO: how about deeper nesting?
+	isn->isn_arg.outer.outer_idx = idx - loop_idx;
+	isn->isn_arg.outer.outer_depth = OUTER_LOOP_DEPTH;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	isn->isn_arg.outer.outer_idx = idx;
+	isn->isn_arg.outer.outer_depth = level;
+    }
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_STORENR instruction (short for ISN_PUSHNR + ISN_STORE)
+ */
+    int
+generate_STORENR(cctx_T *cctx, int idx, varnumber_T value)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_STORENR)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.storenr.stnr_idx = idx;
+    isn->isn_arg.storenr.stnr_val = value;
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_STOREOPT or ISN_STOREFUNCOPT instruction
+ */
+    static int
+generate_STOREOPT(
+	cctx_T	    *cctx,
+	isntype_T   isn_type,
+	char_u	    *name,
+	int	    opt_flags)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr_drop(cctx, isn_type, 1)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.storeopt.so_name = vim_strsave(name);
+    isn->isn_arg.storeopt.so_flags = opt_flags;
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_LOAD or similar instruction.
+ */
+    int
+generate_LOAD(
+	cctx_T	    *cctx,
+	isntype_T   isn_type,
+	int	    idx,
+	char_u	    *name,
+	type_T	    *type)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr_type2(cctx, isn_type, type, type)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    if (name != NULL)
+	isn->isn_arg.string = vim_strsave(name);
+    else
+	isn->isn_arg.number = idx;
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_LOADOUTER instruction
+ */
+    int
+generate_LOADOUTER(
+	cctx_T	    *cctx,
+	int	    idx,
+	int	    nesting,
+	int	    loop_depth,
+	int	    loop_idx,
+	type_T	    *type)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr_type2(cctx, ISN_LOADOUTER, type, type)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    if (nesting == 1 && loop_idx >= 0 && idx >= loop_idx)
+    {
+	// Load a variable defined in a loop.  A copy will be made at the end
+	// of the loop.
+	isn->isn_arg.outer.outer_idx = idx - loop_idx;
+	isn->isn_arg.outer.outer_depth = -loop_depth - 1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	isn->isn_arg.outer.outer_idx = idx;
+	isn->isn_arg.outer.outer_depth = nesting;
+    }
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_LOADV instruction for v:var.
+ */
+    int
+generate_LOADV(
+	cctx_T	    *cctx,
+	char_u	    *name)
+{
+    int	    di_flags;
+    int	    vidx = find_vim_var(name, &di_flags);
+    type_T  *type;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if (vidx < 0)
+    {
+	semsg(_(e_variable_not_found_str), name);
+	return FAIL;
+    }
+    type = get_vim_var_type(vidx, cctx->ctx_type_list);
+    return generate_LOAD(cctx, ISN_LOADV, vidx, NULL, type);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_UNLET instruction.
+ */
+    int
+generate_UNLET(cctx_T *cctx, isntype_T isn_type, char_u *name, int forceit)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, isn_type)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.unlet.ul_name = vim_strsave(name);
+    isn->isn_arg.unlet.ul_forceit = forceit;
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_LOCKCONST instruction.
+ */
+    int
+generate_LOCKCONST(cctx_T *cctx)
+{
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if (generate_instr(cctx, ISN_LOCKCONST) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_LOADS instruction.
+ */
+    int
+generate_OLDSCRIPT(
+	cctx_T	    *cctx,
+	isntype_T   isn_type,
+	char_u	    *name,
+	int	    sid,
+	type_T	    *type)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if (isn_type == ISN_LOADS || isn_type == ISN_LOADEXPORT)
+	isn = generate_instr_type(cctx, isn_type, type);
+    else
+	isn = generate_instr_drop(cctx, isn_type, 1);
+    if (isn == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.loadstore.ls_name = vim_strsave(name);
+    isn->isn_arg.loadstore.ls_sid = sid;
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_LOADSCRIPT or ISN_STORESCRIPT instruction.
+ */
+    int
+generate_VIM9SCRIPT(
+	cctx_T	    *cctx,
+	isntype_T   isn_type,
+	int	    sid,
+	int	    idx,
+	type_T	    *type)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+    scriptref_T	*sref;
+    scriptitem_T *si = SCRIPT_ITEM(sid);
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if (isn_type == ISN_LOADSCRIPT)
+	isn = generate_instr_type2(cctx, isn_type, type, type);
+    else
+	isn = generate_instr_drop(cctx, isn_type, 1);
+    if (isn == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+
+    // This requires three arguments, which doesn't fit in an instruction, thus
+    // we need to allocate a struct for this.
+    sref = ALLOC_ONE(scriptref_T);
+    if (sref == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.script.scriptref = sref;
+    sref->sref_sid = sid;
+    sref->sref_idx = idx;
+    sref->sref_seq = si->sn_script_seq;
+    sref->sref_type = type;
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_NEWLIST instruction for "count" items.
+ * "use_null" is TRUE for null_list.
+ */
+    int
+generate_NEWLIST(cctx_T *cctx, int count, int use_null)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+    type_T	*member_type;
+    type_T	*type;
+    type_T	*decl_type;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_NEWLIST)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.number = use_null ? -1 : count;
+
+    // Get the member type and the declared member type from all the items on
+    // the stack.
+    if ((member_type = get_member_type_from_stack(count, 1, cctx)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    type = get_list_type(member_type, cctx->ctx_type_list);
+    decl_type = get_list_type(&t_any, cctx->ctx_type_list);
+
+    // drop the value types
+    cctx->ctx_type_stack.ga_len -= count;
+
+    // add the list type to the type stack
+    return push_type_stack2(cctx, type, decl_type);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_NEWDICT instruction.
+ * "use_null" is TRUE for null_dict.
+ */
+    int
+generate_NEWDICT(cctx_T *cctx, int count, int use_null)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+    type_T	*member_type;
+    type_T	*type;
+    type_T	*decl_type;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_NEWDICT)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.number = use_null ? -1 : count;
+
+    if ((member_type = get_member_type_from_stack(count, 2, cctx)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    type = get_dict_type(member_type, cctx->ctx_type_list);
+    decl_type = get_dict_type(&t_any, cctx->ctx_type_list);
+
+    // drop the key and value types
+    cctx->ctx_type_stack.ga_len -= 2 * count;
+
+    // add the dict type to the type stack
+    return push_type_stack2(cctx, type, decl_type);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_FUNCREF instruction.
+ * For "obj.Method" "cl" is the class of the object (can be an interface or a
+ * base class) and "fi" the index of the method on that class.
+ * "isn_idx" is set to the index of the instruction, so that fr_dfunc_idx can
+ * be set later.  The index is used instead of a pointer to the instruction
+ * because the instruction memory can be reallocated.
+ */
+    int
+generate_FUNCREF(
+	cctx_T	    *cctx,
+	ufunc_T	    *ufunc,
+	class_T	    *cl,
+	int	    object_method,
+	int	    fi,
+	int	    *isn_idx)
+{
+    isn_T	    *isn;
+    type_T	    *type;
+    funcref_extra_T *extra;
+    loopvarinfo_T   loopinfo;
+    int		    has_vars;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_FUNCREF)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    if (isn_idx != NULL)
+	// save the index of the new instruction
+	*isn_idx = cctx->ctx_instr.ga_len - 1;
+
+    has_vars = get_loop_var_info(cctx, &loopinfo);
+    if (ufunc->uf_def_status == UF_NOT_COMPILED || has_vars || cl != NULL)
+    {
+	extra = ALLOC_CLEAR_ONE(funcref_extra_T);
+	if (extra == NULL)
+	    return FAIL;
+	isn->isn_arg.funcref.fr_extra = extra;
+	extra->fre_loopvar_info = loopinfo;
+	if (cl != NULL)
+	{
+	    extra->fre_class = cl;
+	    ++cl->class_refcount;
+	    extra->fre_object_method = object_method;
+	    extra->fre_method_idx = fi;
+	}
+    }
+    if (ufunc->uf_def_status == UF_NOT_COMPILED || cl != NULL)
+	extra->fre_func_name = vim_strsave(ufunc->uf_name);
+    if (ufunc->uf_def_status != UF_NOT_COMPILED && cl == NULL)
+    {
+	if (isn_idx == NULL && ufunc->uf_def_status == UF_TO_BE_COMPILED)
+	    // compile the function now, we need the uf_dfunc_idx value
+	    (void)compile_def_function(ufunc, FALSE, CT_NONE, NULL);
+	isn->isn_arg.funcref.fr_dfunc_idx = ufunc->uf_dfunc_idx;
+    }
+
+    // Reserve an extra variable to keep track of the number of closures
+    // created.
+    cctx->ctx_has_closure = 1;
+
+    // If the referenced function is a closure, it may use items further up in
+    // the nested context, including this one.  But not a function defined at
+    // the script level.
+    if ((ufunc->uf_flags & FC_CLOSURE)
+			       && func_name_refcount(cctx->ctx_ufunc->uf_name))
+	cctx->ctx_ufunc->uf_flags |= FC_CLOSURE;
+
+    type = ufunc->uf_func_type == NULL ? &t_func_any : ufunc->uf_func_type;
+    return push_type_stack(cctx, type);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_NEWFUNC instruction.
+ * "lambda_name" and "func_name" must be in allocated memory and will be
+ * consumed.
+ */
+    int
+generate_NEWFUNC(
+	cctx_T	*cctx,
+	char_u	*lambda_name,
+	char_u	*func_name)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+    int		ret = OK;
+
+    if (cctx->ctx_skip != SKIP_YES)
+    {
+	if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_NEWFUNC)) == NULL)
+	    ret = FAIL;
+	else
+	{
+	    newfuncarg_T *arg = ALLOC_CLEAR_ONE(newfuncarg_T);
+
+	    if (arg == NULL)
+		ret = FAIL;
+	    else
+	    {
+		// Reserve an extra variable to keep track of the number of
+		// closures created.
+		cctx->ctx_has_closure = 1;
+
+		isn->isn_arg.newfunc.nf_arg = arg;
+		arg->nfa_lambda = lambda_name;
+		arg->nfa_global = func_name;
+		(void)get_loop_var_info(cctx, &arg->nfa_loopvar_info);
+		return OK;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    vim_free(lambda_name);
+    vim_free(func_name);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_DEF instruction: list functions
+ */
+    int
+generate_DEF(cctx_T *cctx, char_u *name, size_t len)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_DEF)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    if (len > 0)
+    {
+	isn->isn_arg.string = vim_strnsave(name, len);
+	if (isn->isn_arg.string == NULL)
+	    return FAIL;
+    }
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_JUMP instruction.
+ */
+    int
+generate_JUMP(cctx_T *cctx, jumpwhen_T when, int where)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+    garray_T	*stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_JUMP)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.jump.jump_when = when;
+    isn->isn_arg.jump.jump_where = where;
+
+    if (when != JUMP_ALWAYS && stack->ga_len > 0)
+	--stack->ga_len;
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_WHILE instruction.  Similar to ISN_JUMP for :while
+ */
+    int
+generate_WHILE(cctx_T *cctx, int funcref_idx)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+    garray_T	*stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_WHILE)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.whileloop.while_funcref_idx = funcref_idx;
+    isn->isn_arg.whileloop.while_end = 0;  // filled in later
+
+    if (stack->ga_len > 0)
+	--stack->ga_len;
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_JUMP_IF_ARG_SET or ISN_JUMP_IF_ARG_NOT_SET instruction.
+ */
+    int
+generate_JUMP_IF_ARG(cctx_T *cctx, isntype_T isn_type, int arg_off)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, isn_type)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.jumparg.jump_arg_off = arg_off;
+    // jump_where is set later
+    return OK;
+}
+
+    int
+generate_FOR(cctx_T *cctx, int loop_idx)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_FOR)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.forloop.for_loop_idx = loop_idx;
+
+    // type doesn't matter, will be stored next
+    return push_type_stack(cctx, &t_any);
+}
+
+    int
+generate_ENDLOOP(cctx_T *cctx, loop_info_T *loop_info)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_ENDLOOP)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.endloop.end_depth = loop_info->li_depth;
+    isn->isn_arg.endloop.end_funcref_idx = loop_info->li_funcref_idx;
+    isn->isn_arg.endloop.end_var_idx = loop_info->li_local_count;
+    isn->isn_arg.endloop.end_var_count =
+			   cctx->ctx_locals.ga_len - loop_info->li_local_count;
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_TRYCONT instruction.
+ */
+    int
+generate_TRYCONT(cctx_T *cctx, int levels, int where)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_TRYCONT)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.trycont.tct_levels = levels;
+    isn->isn_arg.trycont.tct_where = where;
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check "argount" arguments and their types on the type stack.
+ * Give an error and return FAIL if something is wrong.
+ * When "method_call" is NULL no code is generated.
+ */
+    int
+check_internal_func_args(
+	cctx_T	*cctx,
+	int	func_idx,
+	int	argcount,
+	int	method_call,
+	type2_T **argtypes,
+	type2_T *shuffled_argtypes)
+{
+    garray_T	*stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
+    int		argoff = check_internal_func(func_idx, argcount);
+
+    if (argoff < 0)
+	return FAIL;
+
+    if (method_call && argoff > 1)
+    {
+	if (argcount < argoff)
+	{
+	    semsg(_(e_not_enough_arguments_for_function_str),
+						 internal_func_name(func_idx));
+	    return FAIL;
+	}
+
+	isn_T	*isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_SHUFFLE);
+	if (isn  == NULL)
+	    return FAIL;
+	isn->isn_arg.shuffle.shfl_item = argcount;
+	isn->isn_arg.shuffle.shfl_up = argoff - 1;
+    }
+
+    if (argcount > 0)
+    {
+	type2_T	*typep = ((type2_T *)stack->ga_data) + stack->ga_len - argcount;
+
+	// Check the types of the arguments.
+	if (method_call && argoff > 1)
+	{
+	    int i;
+
+	    for (i = 0; i < argcount; ++i)
+		shuffled_argtypes[i] = (i < argoff - 1)
+				    ? typep[i + 1]
+				    : (i == argoff - 1) ? typep[0] : typep[i];
+	    *argtypes = shuffled_argtypes;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    int i;
+
+	    for (i = 0; i < argcount; ++i)
+		shuffled_argtypes[i] = typep[i];
+	    *argtypes = shuffled_argtypes;
+	}
+	if (internal_func_check_arg_types(*argtypes, func_idx, argcount,
+								 cctx) == FAIL)
+	    return FAIL;
+    }
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_BCALL instruction.
+ * "method_call" is TRUE for "value->method()"
+ * Return FAIL if the number of arguments is wrong.
+ */
+    int
+generate_BCALL(cctx_T *cctx, int func_idx, int argcount, int method_call)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+    garray_T	*stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
+    type2_T	*argtypes = NULL;
+    type2_T	shuffled_argtypes[MAX_FUNC_ARGS];
+    type2_T	*maptype = NULL;
+    type_T	*type;
+    type_T	*decl_type;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+
+    if (check_internal_func_args(cctx, func_idx, argcount, method_call,
+					 &argtypes, shuffled_argtypes) == FAIL)
+	return FAIL;
+
+    if (internal_func_is_map(func_idx))
+	maptype = argtypes;
+
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_BCALL)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.bfunc.cbf_idx = func_idx;
+    isn->isn_arg.bfunc.cbf_argcount = argcount;
+
+    // Drop the argument types and push the return type.
+    stack->ga_len -= argcount;
+    type = internal_func_ret_type(func_idx, argcount, argtypes, &decl_type,
+							  cctx->ctx_type_list);
+    if (push_type_stack2(cctx, type, decl_type) == FAIL)
+	return FAIL;
+
+    if (maptype != NULL && maptype[0].type_decl->tt_member != NULL
+				  && maptype[0].type_decl->tt_member != &t_any)
+	// Check that map() didn't change the item types.
+	generate_TYPECHECK(cctx, maptype[0].type_decl, FALSE, -1, FALSE, 1);
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_LISTAPPEND instruction.  Works like add().
+ * Argument count is already checked.
+ */
+    int
+generate_LISTAPPEND(cctx_T *cctx)
+{
+    type_T	*list_type;
+    type_T	*item_type;
+    type_T	*expected;
+
+    // Caller already checked that list_type is a list.
+    // For checking the item type we use the declared type of the list and the
+    // current type of the added item, adding a string to [1, 2] is OK.
+    list_type = get_decl_type_on_stack(cctx, 1);
+    if (arg_type_modifiable(list_type, 1) == FAIL)
+	return FAIL;
+    item_type = get_type_on_stack(cctx, 0);
+    expected = list_type->tt_member;
+    if (need_type(item_type, expected, FALSE, -1, 0, cctx, FALSE, FALSE) == FAIL)
+	return FAIL;
+
+    if (generate_instr(cctx, ISN_LISTAPPEND) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+
+    --cctx->ctx_type_stack.ga_len;	    // drop the argument
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_BLOBAPPEND instruction.  Works like add().
+ * Argument count is already checked.
+ */
+    int
+generate_BLOBAPPEND(cctx_T *cctx)
+{
+    type_T	*item_type;
+
+    // Caller already checked that blob_type is a blob, check it is modifiable.
+    if (arg_type_modifiable(get_decl_type_on_stack(cctx, 1), 1) == FAIL)
+	return FAIL;
+    item_type = get_type_on_stack(cctx, 0);
+    if (need_type(item_type, &t_number, FALSE,
+					    -1, 0, cctx, FALSE, FALSE) == FAIL)
+	return FAIL;
+
+    if (generate_instr(cctx, ISN_BLOBAPPEND) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+
+    --cctx->ctx_type_stack.ga_len;	    // drop the argument
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_DCALL, ISN_UCALL or ISN_METHODCALL instruction.
+ * When calling a method on an object, of which we know the interface only,
+ * then "cl" is the interface and "mi" the method index on the interface.
+ * Return FAIL if the number of arguments is wrong.
+ */
+    int
+generate_CALL(
+	cctx_T	    *cctx,
+	ufunc_T	    *ufunc,
+	class_T	    *cl,
+	int	    mi,
+	int	    pushed_argcount)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+    int		regular_args = ufunc->uf_args.ga_len;
+    int		argcount = pushed_argcount;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if (argcount > regular_args && !has_varargs(ufunc))
+    {
+	semsg(_(e_too_many_arguments_for_function_str),
+						   printable_func_name(ufunc));
+	return FAIL;
+    }
+    if (argcount < regular_args - ufunc->uf_def_args.ga_len)
+    {
+	semsg(_(e_not_enough_arguments_for_function_str),
+						   printable_func_name(ufunc));
+	return FAIL;
+    }
+
+    if (ufunc->uf_def_status != UF_NOT_COMPILED
+	    && ufunc->uf_def_status != UF_COMPILE_ERROR)
+    {
+	int		i;
+	compiletype_T	compile_type;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < argcount; ++i)
+	{
+	    type_T *expected;
+	    type_T *actual;
+
+	    actual = get_type_on_stack(cctx, argcount - i - 1);
+	    if (check_type_is_value(actual) == FAIL)
+		return FAIL;
+	    if (actual->tt_type == VAR_SPECIAL
+			      && i >= regular_args - ufunc->uf_def_args.ga_len)
+	    {
+		// assume v:none used for default argument value
+		continue;
+	    }
+	    if (i < regular_args)
+	    {
+		if (ufunc->uf_arg_types == NULL)
+		    continue;
+		expected = ufunc->uf_arg_types[i];
+	    }
+	    else if (ufunc->uf_va_type == NULL
+					   || ufunc->uf_va_type == &t_list_any)
+		// possibly a lambda or "...: any"
+		expected = &t_any;
+	    else
+		expected = ufunc->uf_va_type->tt_member;
+	    if (need_type(actual, expected, FALSE,
+			      -argcount + i, i + 1, cctx, TRUE, FALSE) == FAIL)
+	    {
+		arg_type_mismatch(expected, actual, i + 1);
+		return FAIL;
+	    }
+	}
+	compile_type = get_compile_type(ufunc);
+	if (func_needs_compiling(ufunc, compile_type)
+		&& compile_def_function(ufunc, ufunc->uf_ret_type == NULL,
+						   compile_type, NULL) == FAIL)
+	    return FAIL;
+    }
+    if (ufunc->uf_def_status == UF_COMPILE_ERROR)
+    {
+	emsg_funcname(e_call_to_function_that_failed_to_compile_str,
+							       ufunc->uf_name);
+	return FAIL;
+    }
+
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, cl != NULL ? ISN_METHODCALL
+			  : ufunc->uf_def_status != UF_NOT_COMPILED
+					     ? ISN_DCALL : ISN_UCALL)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    if (cl != NULL /* isn->isn_type == ISN_METHODCALL */)
+    {
+	isn->isn_arg.mfunc = ALLOC_ONE(cmfunc_T);
+	if (isn->isn_arg.mfunc == NULL)
+	    return FAIL;
+	isn->isn_arg.mfunc->cmf_itf = cl;
+	++cl->class_refcount;
+	isn->isn_arg.mfunc->cmf_idx = mi;
+	isn->isn_arg.mfunc->cmf_argcount = argcount;
+    }
+    else if (isn->isn_type == ISN_DCALL)
+    {
+	isn->isn_arg.dfunc.cdf_idx = ufunc->uf_dfunc_idx;
+	isn->isn_arg.dfunc.cdf_argcount = argcount;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	// A user function may be deleted and redefined later, can't use the
+	// ufunc pointer, need to look it up again at runtime.
+	isn->isn_arg.ufunc.cuf_name = vim_strsave(ufunc->uf_name);
+	isn->isn_arg.ufunc.cuf_argcount = argcount;
+    }
+
+    // drop the argument types
+    cctx->ctx_type_stack.ga_len -= argcount;
+
+    // For an object or class method call, drop the object/class type.
+    if (ufunc->uf_class != NULL)
+    {
+	// When a class method is called without the class name prefix, then
+	// the type will not be in the stack.
+	type_T *stype = get_type_on_stack(cctx, 0);
+	if (stype->tt_type == VAR_CLASS || stype->tt_type == VAR_OBJECT)
+	    cctx->ctx_type_stack.ga_len--;
+    }
+
+    // add return type
+    return push_type_stack(cctx, ufunc->uf_ret_type);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_UCALL instruction when the function isn't defined yet.
+ */
+    int
+generate_UCALL(cctx_T *cctx, char_u *name, int argcount)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_UCALL)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.ufunc.cuf_name = vim_strsave(name);
+    isn->isn_arg.ufunc.cuf_argcount = argcount;
+
+    // drop the argument types
+    cctx->ctx_type_stack.ga_len -= argcount;
+
+    // add return value
+    return push_type_stack(cctx, &t_any);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check the arguments of function "type" against the types on the stack.
+ * Returns OK or FAIL;
+ */
+    int
+check_func_args_from_type(
+	cctx_T	*cctx,
+	type_T	*type,
+	int	argcount,
+	int	at_top,
+	char_u	*name)
+{
+    if (type->tt_argcount != -1)
+    {
+	int	    varargs = (type->tt_flags & TTFLAG_VARARGS) ? 1 : 0;
+
+	if (argcount < type->tt_min_argcount - varargs)
+	{
+	    emsg_funcname(e_not_enough_arguments_for_function_str, name);
+	    return FAIL;
+	}
+	if (!varargs && argcount > type->tt_argcount)
+	{
+	    emsg_funcname(e_too_many_arguments_for_function_str, name);
+	    return FAIL;
+	}
+	if (type->tt_args != NULL)
+	{
+	    int i;
+
+	    for (i = 0; i < argcount; ++i)
+	    {
+		int	offset = -argcount + i - (at_top ? 0 : 1);
+		type_T	*actual = get_type_on_stack(cctx, -1 - offset);
+		type_T	*expected;
+
+		if (check_type_is_value(actual) == FAIL)
+		    return FAIL;
+		if (varargs && i >= type->tt_argcount - 1)
+		{
+		    expected = type->tt_args[type->tt_argcount - 1];
+		    if (expected != NULL && expected->tt_type == VAR_LIST)
+			expected = expected->tt_member;
+		    if (expected == NULL)
+			expected = &t_any;
+		}
+		else if (i >= type->tt_min_argcount
+					     && actual->tt_type == VAR_SPECIAL)
+		    expected = &t_any;
+		else
+		    expected = type->tt_args[i];
+		if (need_type(actual, expected, FALSE,
+				     offset, i + 1, cctx, TRUE, FALSE) == FAIL)
+		{
+		    arg_type_mismatch(expected, actual, i + 1);
+		    return FAIL;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    return OK;
+}
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_PCALL instruction.
+ * "type" is the type of the FuncRef.
+ */
+    int
+generate_PCALL(
+	cctx_T	*cctx,
+	int	argcount,
+	char_u	*name,
+	type_T	*type,
+	int	at_top)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+    type_T	*ret_type;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+
+    if (type->tt_type == VAR_ANY || type->tt_type == VAR_UNKNOWN)
+	ret_type = &t_any;
+    else if (type->tt_type == VAR_FUNC || type->tt_type == VAR_PARTIAL)
+    {
+	if (check_func_args_from_type(cctx, type, argcount, at_top, name)
+								       == FAIL)
+	    return FAIL;
+
+	ret_type = type->tt_member;
+	if (ret_type == &t_unknown)
+	    // return type not known yet, use a runtime check
+	    ret_type = &t_any;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	semsg(_(e_not_callable_type_str), name);
+	return FAIL;
+    }
+
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_PCALL)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.pfunc.cpf_top = at_top;
+    isn->isn_arg.pfunc.cpf_argcount = argcount;
+
+    // drop the arguments and the funcref/partial
+    cctx->ctx_type_stack.ga_len -= argcount + 1;
+
+    // push the return value
+    push_type_stack(cctx, ret_type);
+
+    // If partial is above the arguments it must be cleared and replaced with
+    // the return value.
+    if (at_top && generate_instr(cctx, ISN_PCALL_END) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_DEFER instruction.
+ */
+    int
+generate_DEFER(cctx_T *cctx, int var_idx, int argcount)
+{
+    isn_T *isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr_drop(cctx, ISN_DEFER, argcount + 1)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.defer.defer_var_idx = var_idx;
+    isn->isn_arg.defer.defer_argcount = argcount;
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_STRINGMEMBER instruction.
+ */
+    int
+generate_STRINGMEMBER(cctx_T *cctx, char_u *name, size_t len)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+    type_T	*type;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_STRINGMEMBER)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.string = vim_strnsave(name, len);
+
+    // check for dict type
+    type = get_type_on_stack(cctx, 0);
+    if (type->tt_type != VAR_DICT
+		   && type->tt_type != VAR_ANY && type->tt_type != VAR_UNKNOWN)
+    {
+	char *tofree;
+
+	semsg(_(e_expected_dictionary_for_using_key_str_but_got_str),
+					       name, type_name(type, &tofree));
+	vim_free(tofree);
+	return FAIL;
+    }
+    // change dict type to dict member type
+    if (type->tt_type == VAR_DICT)
+    {
+	type_T *ntype = type->tt_member->tt_type == VAR_UNKNOWN
+						    ? &t_any : type->tt_member;
+	set_type_on_stack(cctx, ntype, 0);
+    }
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_ECHO instruction.
+ */
+    int
+generate_ECHO(cctx_T *cctx, int with_white, int count)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr_drop(cctx, ISN_ECHO, count)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.echo.echo_with_white = with_white;
+    isn->isn_arg.echo.echo_count = count;
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_EXECUTE/ISN_ECHOMSG/ISN_ECHOERR instruction.
+ */
+    int
+generate_MULT_EXPR(cctx_T *cctx, isntype_T isn_type, int count)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr_drop(cctx, isn_type, count)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.number = count;
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_ECHOWINDOW instruction
+ */
+    int
+generate_ECHOWINDOW(cctx_T *cctx, int count, long time)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    if ((isn = generate_instr_drop(cctx, ISN_ECHOWINDOW, count)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.echowin.ewin_count = count;
+    isn->isn_arg.echowin.ewin_time = time;
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_SOURCE instruction.
+ */
+    int
+generate_SOURCE(cctx_T *cctx, int sid)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_SOURCE)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.number = sid;
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_PUT instruction.
+ */
+    int
+generate_PUT(cctx_T *cctx, int regname, linenr_T lnum)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_PUT)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.put.put_regname = regname;
+    isn->isn_arg.put.put_lnum = lnum;
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate a LOCKUNLOCK instruction.The root item, where the indexing starts
+ * to find the variable, is on the stack. The instr takes
+ * - the string to parse, "root.b[idx1][idx2].d.val", to find the variable
+ * - the class, if any, in which the string executes.
+ * - if the root item is a function argument
+ * A copy is made of "line".
+ */
+    int
+generate_LOCKUNLOCK(cctx_T *cctx, char_u *line, int is_arg)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_LOCKUNLOCK)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    class_T *cl = cctx->ctx_ufunc != NULL ? cctx->ctx_ufunc->uf_class : NULL;
+    isn->isn_arg.lockunlock.lu_string = vim_strsave(line);
+    isn->isn_arg.lockunlock.lu_cl_exec = cl;
+    if (cl != NULL)
+	++cl->class_refcount;
+    isn->isn_arg.lockunlock.lu_is_arg = is_arg;
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an EXEC instruction that takes a string argument.
+ * A copy is made of "line".
+ */
+    int
+generate_EXEC_copy(cctx_T *cctx, isntype_T isntype, char_u *line)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, isntype)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.string = vim_strsave(line);
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an EXEC instruction that takes a string argument.
+ * "str" must be allocated, it is consumed.
+ */
+    int
+generate_EXEC(cctx_T *cctx, isntype_T isntype, char_u *str)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+    int		ret = OK;
+
+    if (cctx->ctx_skip != SKIP_YES)
+    {
+	if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, isntype)) == NULL)
+	    ret = FAIL;
+	else
+	{
+	    isn->isn_arg.string = str;
+	    return OK;
+	}
+    }
+    vim_free(str);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+    int
+generate_LEGACY_EVAL(cctx_T *cctx, char_u *line)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_LEGACY_EVAL)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.string = vim_strsave(line);
+
+    return push_type_stack(cctx, &t_any);
+}
+
+    int
+generate_EXECCONCAT(cctx_T *cctx, int count)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    if ((isn = generate_instr_drop(cctx, ISN_EXECCONCAT, count)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.number = count;
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate ISN_RANGE.  Consumes "range".  Return OK/FAIL.
+ */
+    int
+generate_RANGE(cctx_T *cctx, char_u *range)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_RANGE)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.string = range;
+
+    return push_type_stack(cctx, &t_number);
+}
+
+    int
+generate_UNPACK(cctx_T *cctx, int var_count, int semicolon)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_UNPACK)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.unpack.unp_count = var_count;
+    isn->isn_arg.unpack.unp_semicolon = semicolon;
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate an instruction for any command modifiers.
+ */
+    int
+generate_cmdmods(cctx_T *cctx, cmdmod_T *cmod)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    if (has_cmdmod(cmod, FALSE))
+    {
+	cctx->ctx_has_cmdmod = TRUE;
+
+	if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_CMDMOD)) == NULL)
+	    return FAIL;
+	isn->isn_arg.cmdmod.cf_cmdmod = ALLOC_ONE(cmdmod_T);
+	if (isn->isn_arg.cmdmod.cf_cmdmod == NULL)
+	    return FAIL;
+	mch_memmove(isn->isn_arg.cmdmod.cf_cmdmod, cmod, sizeof(cmdmod_T));
+	// filter program now belongs to the instruction
+	cmod->cmod_filter_regmatch.regprog = NULL;
+    }
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+    int
+generate_undo_cmdmods(cctx_T *cctx)
+{
+    if (cctx->ctx_has_cmdmod && generate_instr(cctx, ISN_CMDMOD_REV) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    cctx->ctx_has_cmdmod = FALSE;
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate a STORE instruction for "dest", not being "dest_local".
+ * "lhs" might be NULL.
+ * Return FAIL when out of memory.
+ */
+    int
+generate_store_var(
+	cctx_T		*cctx,
+	assign_dest_T	dest,
+	int		opt_flags,
+	int		vimvaridx,
+	type_T		*type,
+	char_u		*name,
+	lhs_T		*lhs)
+{
+    switch (dest)
+    {
+	case dest_option:
+	    return generate_STOREOPT(cctx, ISN_STOREOPT,
+					skip_option_env_lead(name), opt_flags);
+	case dest_func_option:
+	    return generate_STOREOPT(cctx, ISN_STOREFUNCOPT,
+					skip_option_env_lead(name), opt_flags);
+	case dest_global:
+	    // include g: with the name, easier to execute that way
+	    return generate_STORE(cctx, vim_strchr(name, AUTOLOAD_CHAR) == NULL
+					? ISN_STOREG : ISN_STOREAUTO, 0, name);
+	case dest_buffer:
+	    // include b: with the name, easier to execute that way
+	    return generate_STORE(cctx, ISN_STOREB, 0, name);
+	case dest_window:
+	    // include w: with the name, easier to execute that way
+	    return generate_STORE(cctx, ISN_STOREW, 0, name);
+	case dest_tab:
+	    // include t: with the name, easier to execute that way
+	    return generate_STORE(cctx, ISN_STORET, 0, name);
+	case dest_env:
+	    return generate_STORE(cctx, ISN_STOREENV, 0, name + 1);
+	case dest_reg:
+	    return generate_STORE(cctx, ISN_STOREREG,
+					 name[1] == '@' ? '"' : name[1], NULL);
+	case dest_vimvar:
+	    return generate_STORE(cctx, ISN_STOREV, vimvaridx, NULL);
+	case dest_script:
+	    {
+		int	    scriptvar_idx = lhs->lhs_scriptvar_idx;
+		int	    scriptvar_sid = lhs->lhs_scriptvar_sid;
+		if (scriptvar_idx < 0)
+		{
+		    isntype_T   isn_type = ISN_STORES;
+
+		    if (SCRIPT_ID_VALID(scriptvar_sid)
+			     && SCRIPT_ITEM(scriptvar_sid)->sn_import_autoload
+			     && SCRIPT_ITEM(scriptvar_sid)->sn_autoload_prefix
+								       == NULL)
+		    {
+			// "import autoload './dir/script.vim'" - load script
+			// first
+			if (generate_SOURCE(cctx, scriptvar_sid) == FAIL)
+			    return FAIL;
+			isn_type = ISN_STOREEXPORT;
+		    }
+
+		    // "s:" may be included in the name.
+		    return generate_OLDSCRIPT(cctx, isn_type, name,
+							  scriptvar_sid, type);
+		}
+		return generate_VIM9SCRIPT(cctx, ISN_STORESCRIPT,
+					   scriptvar_sid, scriptvar_idx, type);
+	    }
+	case dest_class_member:
+	    return generate_CLASSMEMBER(cctx, FALSE,
+				     lhs->lhs_class, lhs->lhs_classmember_idx);
+
+	case dest_local:
+	case dest_expr:
+	    // cannot happen
+	    break;
+    }
+    return FAIL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return TRUE when inside a "for" or "while" loop.
+ */
+    int
+inside_loop_scope(cctx_T *cctx)
+{
+    scope_T	*scope = cctx->ctx_scope;
+
+    for (;;)
+    {
+	if (scope == NULL)
+	    break;
+	if (scope->se_type == FOR_SCOPE || scope->se_type == WHILE_SCOPE)
+	    return TRUE;
+	scope = scope->se_outer;
+    }
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+    int
+generate_store_lhs(cctx_T *cctx, lhs_T *lhs, int instr_count, int is_decl)
+{
+    if (lhs->lhs_dest != dest_local)
+	return generate_store_var(cctx, lhs->lhs_dest,
+			    lhs->lhs_opt_flags, lhs->lhs_vimvaridx,
+			    lhs->lhs_type, lhs->lhs_name, lhs);
+
+    if (lhs->lhs_lvar == NULL)
+	return OK;
+
+    garray_T	*instr = &cctx->ctx_instr;
+    isn_T		*isn = ((isn_T *)instr->ga_data) + instr->ga_len - 1;
+
+    // Optimization: turn "var = 123" from ISN_PUSHNR + ISN_STORE into
+    // ISN_STORENR.
+    // And "var = 0" does not need any instruction.
+    if (lhs->lhs_lvar->lv_from_outer == 0
+	    && instr->ga_len == instr_count + 1
+	    && isn->isn_type == ISN_PUSHNR)
+    {
+	varnumber_T val = isn->isn_arg.number;
+	garray_T    *stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
+
+	if (val == 0 && is_decl && !inside_loop_scope(cctx))
+	{
+	    // zero is the default value, no need to do anything
+	    --instr->ga_len;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    isn->isn_type = ISN_STORENR;
+	    isn->isn_arg.storenr.stnr_idx = lhs->lhs_lvar->lv_idx;
+	    isn->isn_arg.storenr.stnr_val = val;
+	}
+	if (stack->ga_len > 0)
+	    --stack->ga_len;
+    }
+    else if (lhs->lhs_lvar->lv_from_outer > 0)
+	generate_STOREOUTER(cctx, lhs->lhs_lvar->lv_idx,
+		lhs->lhs_lvar->lv_from_outer, lhs->lhs_lvar->lv_loop_idx);
+    else
+	generate_STORE(cctx, ISN_STORE, lhs->lhs_lvar->lv_idx, NULL);
+    return OK;
+}
+
+#if defined(FEAT_PROFILE) || defined(PROTO)
+    void
+may_generate_prof_end(cctx_T *cctx, int prof_lnum)
+{
+    if (cctx->ctx_compile_type == CT_PROFILE && prof_lnum >= 0)
+	generate_instr(cctx, ISN_PROF_END);
+}
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+ * Delete an instruction, free what it contains.
+ */
+    void
+delete_instr(isn_T *isn)
+{
+    switch (isn->isn_type)
+    {
+	case ISN_AUTOLOAD:
+	case ISN_DEF:
+	case ISN_EXEC:
+	case ISN_EXECRANGE:
+	case ISN_EXEC_SPLIT:
+	case ISN_LEGACY_EVAL:
+	case ISN_LOADAUTO:
+	case ISN_LOADB:
+	case ISN_LOADENV:
+	case ISN_LOADG:
+	case ISN_LOADOPT:
+	case ISN_LOADT:
+	case ISN_LOADW:
+	case ISN_PUSHEXC:
+	case ISN_PUSHFUNC:
+	case ISN_PUSHS:
+	case ISN_RANGE:
+	case ISN_STOREAUTO:
+	case ISN_STOREB:
+	case ISN_STOREENV:
+	case ISN_STOREG:
+	case ISN_STORET:
+	case ISN_STOREW:
+	case ISN_STRINGMEMBER:
+	    vim_free(isn->isn_arg.string);
+	    break;
+
+	case ISN_LOCKUNLOCK:
+	    class_unref(isn->isn_arg.lockunlock.lu_cl_exec);
+	    vim_free(isn->isn_arg.lockunlock.lu_string);
+	    break;
+
+	case ISN_SUBSTITUTE:
+	    {
+		int	idx;
+		isn_T	*list = isn->isn_arg.subs.subs_instr;
+
+		vim_free(isn->isn_arg.subs.subs_cmd);
+		for (idx = 0; list[idx].isn_type != ISN_FINISH; ++idx)
+		    delete_instr(list + idx);
+		vim_free(list);
+	    }
+	    break;
+
+	case ISN_INSTR:
+	    {
+		int	idx;
+		isn_T	*list = isn->isn_arg.instr;
+
+		for (idx = 0; list[idx].isn_type != ISN_FINISH; ++idx)
+		    delete_instr(list + idx);
+		vim_free(list);
+	    }
+	    break;
+
+	case ISN_LOADS:
+	case ISN_LOADEXPORT:
+	case ISN_STORES:
+	case ISN_STOREEXPORT:
+	    vim_free(isn->isn_arg.loadstore.ls_name);
+	    break;
+
+	case ISN_UNLET:
+	case ISN_UNLETENV:
+	    vim_free(isn->isn_arg.unlet.ul_name);
+	    break;
+
+	case ISN_STOREOPT:
+	case ISN_STOREFUNCOPT:
+	    vim_free(isn->isn_arg.storeopt.so_name);
+	    break;
+
+	case ISN_PUSHBLOB:   // push blob isn_arg.blob
+	    blob_unref(isn->isn_arg.blob);
+	    break;
+
+	case ISN_PUSHCLASS:
+	    class_unref(isn->isn_arg.classarg);
+	    break;
+
+	case ISN_UCALL:
+	    vim_free(isn->isn_arg.ufunc.cuf_name);
+	    break;
+
+	case ISN_FUNCREF:
+	    {
+		funcref_T	*funcref = &isn->isn_arg.funcref;
+		funcref_extra_T *extra = funcref->fr_extra;
+
+		if (extra == NULL || extra->fre_func_name == NULL)
+		{
+		    dfunc_T *dfunc = ((dfunc_T *)def_functions.ga_data)
+						       + funcref->fr_dfunc_idx;
+		    ufunc_T *ufunc = dfunc->df_ufunc;
+
+		    if (ufunc != NULL && func_name_refcount(ufunc->uf_name))
+			func_ptr_unref(ufunc);
+		}
+		if (extra != NULL)
+		{
+		    char_u *name = extra->fre_func_name;
+
+		    if (name != NULL)
+		    {
+			func_unref(name);
+			vim_free(name);
+		    }
+		    if (extra->fre_class != NULL)
+			class_unref(extra->fre_class);
+		    vim_free(extra);
+		}
+	    }
+	    break;
+
+	case ISN_DCALL:
+	    {
+		dfunc_T *dfunc = ((dfunc_T *)def_functions.ga_data)
+		    + isn->isn_arg.dfunc.cdf_idx;
+
+		if (dfunc->df_ufunc != NULL
+			&& func_name_refcount(dfunc->df_ufunc->uf_name))
+		    func_ptr_unref(dfunc->df_ufunc);
+	    }
+	    break;
+
+	case ISN_METHODCALL:
+	    {
+		cmfunc_T  *mfunc = isn->isn_arg.mfunc;
+		class_unref(mfunc->cmf_itf);
+		vim_free(mfunc);
+	    }
+	    break;
+
+	case ISN_NEWFUNC:
+	    {
+		newfuncarg_T *arg = isn->isn_arg.newfunc.nf_arg;
+
+		if (arg != NULL)
+		{
+		    ufunc_T *ufunc = find_func_even_dead(
+					      arg->nfa_lambda, FFED_IS_GLOBAL);
+
+		    if (ufunc != NULL)
+		    {
+			unlink_def_function(ufunc);
+			func_ptr_unref(ufunc);
+		    }
+
+		    vim_free(arg->nfa_lambda);
+		    vim_free(arg->nfa_global);
+		    vim_free(arg);
+		}
+	    }
+	    break;
+
+	case ISN_CHECKTYPE:
+	case ISN_SETTYPE:
+	    free_type(isn->isn_arg.type.ct_type);
+	    break;
+
+	case ISN_CMDMOD:
+	    vim_regfree(isn->isn_arg.cmdmod.cf_cmdmod
+		    ->cmod_filter_regmatch.regprog);
+	    vim_free(isn->isn_arg.cmdmod.cf_cmdmod);
+	    break;
+
+	case ISN_LOADSCRIPT:
+	case ISN_STORESCRIPT:
+	    vim_free(isn->isn_arg.script.scriptref);
+	    break;
+
+	case ISN_LOAD_CLASSMEMBER:
+	case ISN_STORE_CLASSMEMBER:
+	case ISN_GET_ITF_MEMBER:
+	    class_unref(isn->isn_arg.classmember.cm_class);
+	    break;
+
+	case ISN_STOREINDEX:
+	    class_unref(isn->isn_arg.storeindex.si_class);
+	    break;
+
+	case ISN_TRY:
+	    vim_free(isn->isn_arg.tryref.try_ref);
+	    break;
+
+	case ISN_CEXPR_CORE:
+	    vim_free(isn->isn_arg.cexpr.cexpr_ref->cer_cmdline);
+	    vim_free(isn->isn_arg.cexpr.cexpr_ref);
+	    break;
+
+	case ISN_2BOOL:
+	case ISN_2STRING:
+	case ISN_2STRING_ANY:
+	case ISN_ADDBLOB:
+	case ISN_ADDLIST:
+	case ISN_ANYINDEX:
+	case ISN_ANYSLICE:
+	case ISN_BCALL:
+	case ISN_BLOBAPPEND:
+	case ISN_BLOBINDEX:
+	case ISN_BLOBSLICE:
+	case ISN_CATCH:
+	case ISN_CEXPR_AUCMD:
+	case ISN_CHECKLEN:
+	case ISN_CLEARDICT:
+	case ISN_CMDMOD_REV:
+	case ISN_COMPAREANY:
+	case ISN_COMPAREBLOB:
+	case ISN_COMPAREBOOL:
+	case ISN_COMPAREDICT:
+	case ISN_COMPAREFLOAT:
+	case ISN_COMPAREFUNC:
+	case ISN_COMPARELIST:
+	case ISN_COMPARENR:
+	case ISN_COMPARENULL:
+	case ISN_COMPAREOBJECT:
+	case ISN_COMPARESPECIAL:
+	case ISN_COMPARESTRING:
+	case ISN_CONCAT:
+	case ISN_CONSTRUCT:
+	case ISN_COND2BOOL:
+	case ISN_DEBUG:
+	case ISN_DEFER:
+	case ISN_DROP:
+	case ISN_ECHO:
+	case ISN_ECHOCONSOLE:
+	case ISN_ECHOERR:
+	case ISN_ECHOMSG:
+	case ISN_ECHOWINDOW:
+	case ISN_ENDLOOP:
+	case ISN_ENDTRY:
+	case ISN_EXECCONCAT:
+	case ISN_EXECUTE:
+	case ISN_FINALLY:
+	case ISN_FINISH:
+	case ISN_FOR:
+	case ISN_GETITEM:
+	case ISN_GET_OBJ_MEMBER:
+	case ISN_JUMP:
+	case ISN_JUMP_IF_ARG_NOT_SET:
+	case ISN_JUMP_IF_ARG_SET:
+	case ISN_LISTAPPEND:
+	case ISN_LISTINDEX:
+	case ISN_LISTSLICE:
+	case ISN_LOAD:
+	case ISN_LOADBDICT:
+	case ISN_LOADGDICT:
+	case ISN_LOADOUTER:
+	case ISN_LOADREG:
+	case ISN_LOADTDICT:
+	case ISN_LOADV:
+	case ISN_LOADWDICT:
+	case ISN_LOCKCONST:
+	case ISN_MEMBER:
+	case ISN_NEGATENR:
+	case ISN_NEWDICT:
+	case ISN_NEWLIST:
+	case ISN_NEWPARTIAL:
+	case ISN_OPANY:
+	case ISN_OPFLOAT:
+	case ISN_OPNR:
+	case ISN_PCALL:
+	case ISN_PCALL_END:
+	case ISN_PROF_END:
+	case ISN_PROF_START:
+	case ISN_PUSHBOOL:
+	case ISN_PUSHCHANNEL:
+	case ISN_PUSHF:
+	case ISN_PUSHJOB:
+	case ISN_PUSHNR:
+	case ISN_PUSHOBJ:
+	case ISN_PUSHSPEC:
+	case ISN_PUT:
+	case ISN_REDIREND:
+	case ISN_REDIRSTART:
+	case ISN_RETURN:
+	case ISN_RETURN_OBJECT:
+	case ISN_RETURN_VOID:
+	case ISN_SHUFFLE:
+	case ISN_SLICE:
+	case ISN_SOURCE:
+	case ISN_STORE:
+	case ISN_STORENR:
+	case ISN_STOREOUTER:
+	case ISN_STORE_THIS:
+	case ISN_STORERANGE:
+	case ISN_STOREREG:
+	case ISN_STOREV:
+	case ISN_STRINDEX:
+	case ISN_STRSLICE:
+	case ISN_THROW:
+	case ISN_TRYCONT:
+	case ISN_UNLETINDEX:
+	case ISN_UNLETRANGE:
+	case ISN_UNPACK:
+	case ISN_USEDICT:
+	case ISN_WHILE:
+	// nothing allocated
+	break;
+    }
+}
+
+    void
+clear_instr_ga(garray_T *gap)
+{
+    int idx;
+
+    for (idx = 0; idx < gap->ga_len; ++idx)
+	delete_instr(((isn_T *)gap->ga_data) + idx);
+    ga_clear(gap);
+}
+
+
+#endif  // defined(FEAT_EVAL)