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diff --git a/runtime/doc/gui.txt b/runtime/doc/gui.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6e08752 --- /dev/null +++ b/runtime/doc/gui.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1256 @@ +*gui.txt* For Vim version 9.1. Last change: 2023 Apr 29 + + + VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar + + +Vim's Graphical User Interface *gui* *GUI* + +1. Starting the GUI |gui-start| +2. Scrollbars |gui-scrollbars| +3. Mouse Control |gui-mouse| +4. Making GUI Selections |gui-selections| +5. Menus |menus| +6. Font |gui-font| +7. Extras |gui-extras| +8. Shell Commands |gui-shell| + +Other GUI documentation: +|gui_x11.txt| For specific items of the X11 GUI. +|gui_w32.txt| For specific items of the Win32 GUI. + + +============================================================================== +1. Starting the GUI *gui-start* *E229* *E233* + +First you must make sure you actually have a version of Vim with the GUI code +included. You can check this with the ":version" command, it says "with xxx +GUI", where "xxx" is X11-Motif, Photon, GTK2, GTK3, etc., or +"MS-Windows 32 bit GUI version". + +How to start the GUI depends on the system used. Mostly you can run the +GUI version of Vim with: + gvim [options] [files...] + +The X11 version of Vim can run both in GUI and in non-GUI mode. See +|gui-x11-start|. + + *gui-init* *gvimrc* *.gvimrc* *_gvimrc* *$MYGVIMRC* +The gvimrc file is where GUI-specific startup commands should be placed. It +is always sourced after the |vimrc| file. If you have one then the $MYGVIMRC +environment variable has its name. + +When the GUI starts up initializations are carried out, in this order: +- The 'term' option is set to "builtin_gui" and terminal options are reset to + their default value for the GUI |terminal-options|. +- If the system menu file exists, it is sourced. The name of this file is + normally "$VIMRUNTIME/menu.vim". You can check this with ":version". Also + see |$VIMRUNTIME|. To skip loading the system menu include 'M' in + 'guioptions'. *buffers-menu* *no_buffers_menu* + The system menu file includes a "Buffers" menu. If you don't want this, set + the "no_buffers_menu" variable in your .vimrc (not .gvimrc!): > + :let no_buffers_menu = 1 +< NOTE: Switching on syntax highlighting also loads the menu file, thus + disabling the Buffers menu must be done before ":syntax on". + The path names are truncated to 35 characters. You can truncate them at a + different length, for example 50, like this: > + :let bmenu_max_pathlen = 50 +- If the "-U {gvimrc}" command-line option has been used when starting Vim, + the {gvimrc} file will be read for initializations. The following + initializations are skipped. When {gvimrc} is "NONE" no file will be read + for initializations. +- For Unix and MS-Windows, if the system gvimrc exists, it is sourced. The + name of this file is normally "$VIM/gvimrc". You can check this with + ":version". Also see |$VIM|. +- The following are tried, and only the first one that exists is used: + - If the GVIMINIT environment variable exists and is not empty, it is + executed as an Ex command. + - If the user gvimrc file exists, it is sourced. The name of this file is + normally "$HOME/.gvimrc". You can check this with ":version". + - For Win32, $HOME is set by Vim if needed, see |$HOME-windows|. + - When a "_gvimrc" file is not found, ".gvimrc" is tried too. And vice + versa. + The name of the first file found is stored in $MYGVIMRC, unless it was + already set. +- If the 'exrc' option is set (which is NOT the default) the file ./.gvimrc + is sourced, if it exists and isn't the same file as the system or user + gvimrc file. If this file is not owned by you, some security restrictions + apply. When ".gvimrc" is not found, "_gvimrc" is tried too. For Macintosh + and DOS/Win32 "_gvimrc" is tried first. + +NOTE: All but the first one are not carried out if Vim was started with +"-u NONE" or "-u DEFAULTS" and no "-U" argument was given, or when started +with "-U NONE". + +All this happens AFTER the normal Vim initializations, like reading your +.vimrc file. See |initialization|. +But the GUI window is only opened after all the initializations have been +carried out. If you want some commands to be executed just after opening the +GUI window, use the |GUIEnter| autocommand event. Example: > + :autocmd GUIEnter * winpos 100 50 + +You can use the gvimrc files to set up your own customized menus (see |:menu|) +and initialize other things that you may want to set up differently from the +terminal version. + +Recommended place for your personal GUI initializations: + Unix $HOME/.gvimrc or $HOME/.vim/gvimrc + Win32 $HOME/_gvimrc, $HOME/vimfiles/gvimrc + or $VIM/_gvimrc + Amiga s:.gvimrc, home:.gvimrc, home:vimfiles:gvimrc + or $VIM/.gvimrc + Haiku $HOME/config/settings/vim/gvimrc + +The personal initialization files are searched in the order specified above +and only the first one that is found is read. + +There are a number of options which only have meaning in the GUI version of +Vim. These are 'guicursor', 'guifont', 'guipty' and 'guioptions'. They are +documented in |options.txt| with all the other options. + +If using the Motif version of the GUI (but not for the GTK+ or +Win32 version), a number of X resources are available. See |gui-resources|. + +Another way to set the colors for different occasions is with highlight +groups. The "Normal" group is used to set the background and foreground +colors. Example (which looks nice): > + + :highlight Normal guibg=grey90 + +The "guibg" and "guifg" settings override the normal background and +foreground settings. The other settings for the Normal highlight group are +not used. Use the 'guifont' option to set the font. + +Also check out the 'guicursor' option, to set the colors for the cursor in +various modes. + +Vim tries to make the window fit on the screen when it starts up. This avoids +that you can't see part of it. On the X Window System this requires a bit of +guesswork. You can change the height that is used for the window title and a +task bar with the 'guiheadroom' option. + + *:winp* *:winpos* *E188* +:winp[os] + Display current position of the top left corner of the GUI vim + window in pixels. Does not work in all versions. + Also see |getwinpos()|, |getwinposx()| and |getwinposy()|. + +:winp[os] {X} {Y} *E466* + Put the GUI vim window at the given {X} and {Y} coordinates. + The coordinates should specify the position in pixels of the + top left corner of the window. Does not work in all versions. + Does work in an (new) xterm |xterm-color|. + When the GUI window has not been opened yet, the values are + remembered until the window is opened. The position is + adjusted to make the window fit on the screen (if possible). + + *:wi* *:win* *:winsize* *E465* +:win[size] {width} {height} + Set the window height to {width} by {height} characters. + It is recommended to use `:set lines=11 columns=22` instead, + since it's easy to see what the numbers mean. + If you get less lines than expected, check the 'guiheadroom' + option. + +If you are running the X Window System, you can get information about the +window Vim is running in with these commands: > + :!xwininfo -id $WINDOWID + :!xprop -id $WINDOWID + :execute '!xwininfo -id ' .. v:windowid + :execute '!xprop -id ' .. v:windowid +< + *gui-IME* *iBus* +Input methods for international characters in X that rely on the XIM +framework, most notably iBus, have been known to produce undesirable results +in gvim. These may include an inability to enter spaces, or long delays +between typing a character and it being recognized by the application. + +One workaround that has been successful, for unknown reasons, is to prevent +gvim from forking into the background by starting it with the |-f| argument. + +============================================================================== +2. Scrollbars *gui-scrollbars* + +There are vertical scrollbars and a horizontal scrollbar. You may +configure which ones appear with the 'guioptions' option. + +The interface looks like this (with ":set guioptions=mlrb"): + + +------------------------------+ ` + | File Edit Help | <- Menu bar (m) ` + +-+--------------------------+-+ ` + |^| |^| ` + |#| Text area. |#| ` + | | | | ` + |v|__________________________|v| ` + Normal status line -> |-+ File.c 5,2 +-| ` + between Vim windows |^|""""""""""""""""""""""""""|^| ` + | | | | ` + | | Another file buffer. | | ` + | | | | ` + |#| |#| ` + Left scrollbar (l) -> |#| |#| <- Right ` + |#| |#| scrollbar (r) ` + | | | | ` + |v| |v| ` + +-+--------------------------+-+ ` + | |< #### >| | <- Bottom ` + +-+--------------------------+-+ scrollbar (b) ` + +Any of the scrollbar or menu components may be turned off by not putting the +appropriate letter in the 'guioptions' string. The bottom scrollbar is +only useful when 'nowrap' is set. + + +VERTICAL SCROLLBARS *gui-vert-scroll* + +Each Vim window has a scrollbar next to it which may be scrolled up and down +to move through the text in that buffer. The size of the scrollbar-thumb +indicates the fraction of the buffer which can be seen in the window. +When the scrollbar is dragged all the way down, the last line of the file +will appear in the top of the window. + +If a window is shrunk to zero height (by the growth of another window) its +scrollbar disappears. It reappears when the window is restored. + +If a window is vertically split, it will get a scrollbar when it is the +current window and when, taking the middle of the current window and drawing a +vertical line, this line goes through the window. +When there are scrollbars on both sides, and the middle of the current window +is on the left half, the right scrollbar column will contain scrollbars for +the rightmost windows. The same happens on the other side. + + +HORIZONTAL SCROLLBARS *gui-horiz-scroll* + +The horizontal scrollbar (at the bottom of the Vim GUI) may be used to +scroll text sideways when the 'wrap' option is turned off. The +scrollbar-thumb size is such that the text of the longest visible line may be +scrolled as far as possible left and right. The cursor is moved when +necessary, it must remain on a visible character (unless 'virtualedit' is +set). + +Computing the length of the longest visible line takes quite a bit of +computation, and it has to be done every time something changes. If this +takes too much time or you don't like the cursor jumping to another line, +include the 'h' flag in 'guioptions'. Then the scrolling is limited by the +text of the current cursor line. + + *motif-intellimouse* +If you have an Intellimouse and an X server that supports using the wheel, +then you can use the wheel to scroll the text up and down in gvim. This works +with XFree86 4.0 and later, and with some older versions when you add patches. +See |scroll-mouse-wheel|. + +For older versions of XFree86 you must patch your X server. The following +page has a bit of information about using the Intellimouse on Linux as well as +links to the patches and X server binaries (may not have the one you need +though): + http://www.inria.fr/koala/colas/mouse-wheel-scroll/ + +============================================================================== +3. Mouse Control *gui-mouse* + +The mouse only works if the appropriate flag in the 'mouse' option is set. +When the GUI is switched on, and 'mouse' wasn't set yet, the 'mouse' option is +automatically set to "a", enabling it for all modes except for the +|hit-enter| prompt. If you don't want this, a good place to change the +'mouse' option is the "gvimrc" file. + +Other options that are relevant: +'mousefocus' window focus follows mouse pointer |gui-mouse-focus| +'mousemodel' what mouse button does which action +'mousehide' hide mouse pointer while typing text +'mousemoveevent' enable mouse move events so that <MouseMove> can be mapped +'selectmode' whether to start Select mode or Visual mode + +A quick way to set these is with the ":behave" command. + *:behave* *:be* +:be[have] {model} Set behavior for mouse and selection. Valid + arguments are: + mswin MS-Windows behavior + xterm Xterm behavior + + Using ":behave" changes these options: + option mswin xterm ~ + 'selectmode' "mouse,key" "" + 'mousemodel' "popup" "extend" + 'keymodel' "startsel,stopsel" "" + 'selection' "exclusive" "inclusive" + +In the $VIMRUNTIME directory, there is a script called |mswin.vim|, which will +also map a few keys to the MS-Windows cut/copy/paste commands. This is NOT +compatible, since it uses the CTRL-V, CTRL-X and CTRL-C keys. If you don't +mind, use this command: > + :so $VIMRUNTIME/mswin.vim + +For scrolling with a wheel on a mouse, see |scroll-mouse-wheel|. + + +3.1 Moving Cursor with Mouse *gui-mouse-move* + +Click the left mouse button somewhere in a text buffer where you want the +cursor to go, and it does! +This works in when 'mouse' contains ~ +Normal mode 'n' or 'a' +Visual mode 'v' or 'a' +Insert mode 'i' or 'a' + +Select mode is handled like Visual mode. + +You may use this with an operator such as 'd' to delete text from the current +cursor position to the position you point to with the mouse. That is, you hit +'d' and then click the mouse somewhere. + + *gui-mouse-focus* +The 'mousefocus' option can be set to make the keyboard focus follow the +mouse pointer. This means that the window where the mouse pointer is, is the +active window. Warning: this doesn't work very well when using a menu, +because the menu command will always be applied to the top window. + +If you are on the ':' line (or '/' or '?'), then clicking the left or right +mouse button will position the cursor on the ':' line (if 'mouse' contains +'c' or 'a'). + +In any situation the middle mouse button may be clicked to paste the current +selection. + + +3.2 Selection with Mouse *gui-mouse-select* + +The mouse can be used to start a selection. How depends on the 'mousemodel' +option: +'mousemodel' is "extend": use the right mouse button +'mousemodel' is "popup": use the left mouse button, while keeping the Shift +key pressed. + +If there was no selection yet, this starts a selection from the old cursor +position to the position pointed to with the mouse. If there already is a +selection then the closest end will be extended. + +If 'selectmode' contains "mouse", then the selection will be in Select mode. +This means that typing normal text will replace the selection. See +|Select-mode|. Otherwise, the selection will be in Visual mode. + +Double clicking may be done to make the selection word-wise, triple clicking +makes it line-wise, and quadruple clicking makes it rectangular block-wise. + +See |gui-selections| on how the selection is used. + + +3.3 Other Text Selection with Mouse *gui-mouse-modeless* + *modeless-selection* +A different kind of selection is used when: +- in Command-line mode +- in the Command-line window and pointing in another window +- at the |hit-enter| prompt +- whenever the current mode is not in the 'mouse' option +- when holding the CTRL and SHIFT keys in the GUI + +Since Vim continues like the selection isn't there, and there is no mode +associated with the selection, this is called modeless selection. Any text in +the Vim window can be selected. Select the text by pressing the left mouse +button at the start, drag to the end and release. To extend the selection, +use the right mouse button when 'mousemodel' is "extend", or the left mouse +button with the shift key pressed when 'mousemodel' is "popup". +The selection is removed when the selected text is scrolled or changed. + +On the command line CTRL-Y can be used to copy the selection into the +clipboard. To do this from Insert mode, use CTRL-O : CTRL-Y <CR>. When +'guioptions' contains a or A (default on X11), the selection is automatically +copied to the "* register. + +The middle mouse button can then paste the text. On non-X11 systems, you can +use CTRL-R +. + + +3.4 Using Mouse on Status Lines *gui-mouse-status* + +Clicking the left or right mouse button on the status line below a Vim +window makes that window the current window. This actually happens on button +release (to be able to distinguish a click from a drag action). + +With the left mouse button a status line can be dragged up and down, thus +resizing the windows above and below it. This does not change window focus. + +The same can be used on the vertical separator: click to give the window left +of it focus, drag left and right to make windows wider and narrower. + + +3.5 Various Mouse Clicks *gui-mouse-various* + + <S-LeftMouse> Search forward for the word under the mouse click. + When 'mousemodel' is "popup" this starts or extends a + selection. + <S-RightMouse> Search backward for the word under the mouse click. + <C-LeftMouse> Jump to the tag name under the mouse click. + <C-RightMouse> Jump back to position before the previous tag jump + (same as "CTRL-T") + + +3.6 Mouse Mappings *gui-mouse-mapping* + +The mouse events, complete with modifiers, may be mapped. Eg: > + :map <S-LeftMouse> <RightMouse> + :map <S-LeftDrag> <RightDrag> + :map <S-LeftRelease> <RightRelease> + :map <2-S-LeftMouse> <2-RightMouse> + :map <2-S-LeftDrag> <2-RightDrag> + :map <2-S-LeftRelease> <2-RightRelease> + :map <3-S-LeftMouse> <3-RightMouse> + :map <3-S-LeftDrag> <3-RightDrag> + :map <3-S-LeftRelease> <3-RightRelease> + :map <4-S-LeftMouse> <4-RightMouse> + :map <4-S-LeftDrag> <4-RightDrag> + :map <4-S-LeftRelease> <4-RightRelease> +These mappings make selection work the way it probably should in a Motif +application, with shift-left mouse allowing for extending the visual area +rather than the right mouse button. + +<MouseMove> may be mapped, but 'mousemoveevent' must be enabled to use the +mapping. + +Mouse mapping with modifiers does not work for modeless selection. + + +3.7 Drag and drop *drag-n-drop* + +You can drag and drop one or more files into the Vim window, where they will +be opened as if a |:drop| command was used. You can check if this is +supported with the *drop_file* feature: `has('drop_file')`. + +If you hold down Shift while doing this, Vim changes to the first dropped +file's directory. If you hold Ctrl Vim will always split a new window for the +file. Otherwise it's only done if the current buffer has been changed. + +You can also drop a directory on Vim. This starts the explorer plugin for +that directory (assuming it was enabled, otherwise you'll get an error +message). Keep Shift pressed to change to the directory instead. + +If Vim happens to be editing a command line, the names of the dropped files +and directories will be inserted at the cursor. This allows you to use these +names with any Ex command. Special characters (space, tab, double quote and +'|'; backslash on non-MS-Windows systems) will be escaped. + +============================================================================== +4. Making GUI Selections *gui-selections* + + *quotestar* +You may make selections with the mouse (see |gui-mouse-select|), or by using +Vim's Visual mode (see |v|). If 'a' is present in 'guioptions', then +whenever a selection is started (Visual or Select mode), or when the selection +is changed, Vim becomes the owner of the windowing system's primary selection +(on MS-Windows the |gui-clipboard| is used; under X11, the |x11-selection| is +used - you should read whichever of these is appropriate now). + + *clipboard* +There is a special register for storing this selection, it is the "* +register. Nothing is put in here unless the information about what text is +selected is about to change (e.g. with a left mouse click somewhere), or when +another application wants to paste the selected text. Then the text is put +in the "* register. For example, to cut a line and make it the current +selection/put it on the clipboard: > + + "*dd + +Similarly, when you want to paste a selection from another application, e.g., +by clicking the middle mouse button, the selection is put in the "* register +first, and then 'put' like any other register. For example, to put the +selection (contents of the clipboard): > + + "*p + +When using this register under X11, also see |x11-selection|. This also +explains the related "+ register. + +Note that when pasting text from one Vim into another separate Vim, the type +of selection (character, line, or block) will also be copied. For other +applications the type is always character. However, if the text gets +transferred via the |x11-cut-buffer|, the selection type is ALWAYS lost. + +When the "unnamed" string is included in the 'clipboard' option, the unnamed +register is the same as the "* register. Thus you can yank to and paste the +selection without prepending "* to commands. + +============================================================================== +5. Menus *menus* + +For an introduction see |usr_42.txt| in the user manual. + + +5.1 Using Menus *using-menus* + +Basically, menus can be used just like mappings. You can define your own +menus, as many as you like. +Long-time Vim users won't use menus much. But the power is in adding your own +menus and menu items. They are most useful for things that you can't remember +what the key sequence was. + +For creating menus in a different language, see |:menutrans|. +If you don't want to use menus at all, see |'go-M'|. + + *menu.vim* +The default menus are read from the file "$VIMRUNTIME/menu.vim". See +|$VIMRUNTIME| for where the path comes from. You can set up your own menus. +Starting off with the default set is a good idea. You can add more items, or, +if you don't like the defaults at all, start with removing all menus +|:unmenu-all|. You can also avoid the default menus being loaded by adding +this line to your .vimrc file (NOT your .gvimrc file!): > + :let did_install_default_menus = 1 +If you also want to avoid the Syntax menu: > + :let did_install_syntax_menu = 1 +The first item in the Syntax menu can be used to show all available filetypes +in the menu (which can take a bit of time to load). If you want to have all +filetypes already present at startup, add: > + :let do_syntax_sel_menu = 1 + +The following menuitems show all available color schemes, keymaps and compiler +settings: + Edit > Color Scheme ~ + Edit > Keymap ~ + Tools > Set Compiler ~ +However, they can also take a bit of time to load, because they search all +related files from the directories in 'runtimepath'. Therefore they are +loaded lazily (by the |CursorHold| event), or you can also load them manually. +If you want to have all these items already present at startup, add: > + :let do_no_lazyload_menus = 1 + +Note that the menu.vim is sourced when `:syntax on` or `:filetype on` is +executed or after your .vimrc file is sourced. This means that the 'encoding' +option and the language of messages (`:language messages`) must be set before +that (if you want to change them). + + *console-menus* +Although this documentation is in the GUI section, you can actually use menus +in console mode too. You will have to load |menu.vim| explicitly then, it is +not done by default. You can use the |:emenu| command and command-line +completion with 'wildmenu' to access the menu entries almost like a real menu +system. To do this, put these commands in your .vimrc file: > + :source $VIMRUNTIME/menu.vim + :set wildmenu + :set cpo-=< + :set wcm=<C-Z> + :map <F4> :emenu <C-Z> +Pressing <F4> will start the menu. You can now use the cursor keys to select +a menu entry. Hit <Enter> to execute it. Hit <Esc> if you want to cancel. +This does require the |+menu| feature enabled at compile time. + + *tear-off-menus* +GTK+ 2 and Motif support Tear-off menus. These are sort of sticky menus or +pop-up menus that are present all the time. If the resizing does not work +correctly, this may be caused by using something like "Vim*geometry" in the +defaults. Use "Vim.geometry" instead. + +As to GTK+ 3, tear-off menus have been deprecated since GTK+ 3.4. +Accordingly, they are disabled if gvim is linked against GTK+ 3.4 or later. + +The Win32 GUI version emulates Motif's tear-off menus. Actually, a Motif user +will spot the differences easily, but hopefully they're just as useful. You +can also use the |:tearoff| command together with |hidden-menus| to create +floating menus that do not appear on the main menu bar. + + +5.2 Creating New Menus *creating-menus* + + *:me* *:menu* *:noreme* *:noremenu* + *E330* *E327* *E331* *E336* *E333* + *E328* *E329* *E337* *E792* +To create a new menu item, use the ":menu" commands. They are mostly like +the ":map" set of commands (see |map-modes|), but the first argument is a menu +item name, given as a path of menus and submenus with a '.' between them, +e.g.: > + + :menu File.Save :w<CR> + :inoremenu File.Save <C-O>:w<CR> + :menu Edit.Big\ Changes.Delete\ All\ Spaces :%s/[ ^I]//g<CR> + +This last one will create a new item in the menu bar called "Edit", holding +the mouse button down on this will pop up a menu containing the item +"Big Changes", which is a sub-menu containing the item "Delete All Spaces", +which when selected, performs the operation. + +To create a menu for terminal mode, use |:tlmenu| instead of |:tmenu| unlike +key mapping (|:tmap|). This is because |:tmenu| is already used for defining +tooltips for menus. See |terminal-typing|. + +Special characters in a menu name: + + *menu-shortcut* + & The next character is the shortcut key. Make sure each + shortcut key is only used once in a (sub)menu. If you want to + insert a literal "&" in the menu name use "&&". + *menu-text* + <Tab> Separates the menu name from right-aligned text. This can be + used to show the equivalent typed command. The text "<Tab>" + can be used here for convenience. If you are using a real + tab, don't forget to put a backslash before it! +Example: > + + :amenu &File.&Open<Tab>:e :browse e<CR> + +[typed literally] +With the shortcut "F" (while keeping the <Alt> key pressed), and then "O", +this menu can be used. The second part is shown as "Open :e". The ":e" +is right aligned, and the "O" is underlined, to indicate it is the shortcut. + + *:am* *:amenu* *:an* *:anoremenu* +The ":amenu" command can be used to define menu entries for all modes at once, +except for Terminal mode. To make the command work correctly, a character is +automatically inserted for some modes: + mode inserted appended ~ + Normal nothing nothing + Visual <C-C> <C-\><C-G> + Insert <C-\><C-O> + Cmdline <C-C> <C-\><C-G> + Op-pending <C-C> <C-\><C-G> + +Appending CTRL-\ CTRL-G is for going back to insert mode when 'insertmode' is +set. |CTRL-\_CTRL-G| + +Example: > + + :amenu File.Next :next^M + +is equal to: > + + :nmenu File.Next :next^M + :vmenu File.Next ^C:next^M^\^G + :imenu File.Next ^\^O:next^M + :cmenu File.Next ^C:next^M^\^G + :omenu File.Next ^C:next^M^\^G + +Careful: In Insert mode this only works for a SINGLE Normal mode command, +because of the CTRL-O. If you have two or more commands, you will need to use +the ":imenu" command. For inserting text in any mode, you can use the +expression register: > + + :amenu Insert.foobar "='foobar'<CR>P + +The special text <Cmd> begins a "command menu", it executes the command +directly without changing modes. Where you might use ":...<CR>" you can +instead use "<Cmd>...<CR>". See |<Cmd>| for more info. Example: > + anoremenu File.Next <Cmd>next<CR> + +Note that the '<' and 'k' flags in 'cpoptions' also apply here (when +included they make the <> form and raw key codes not being recognized). + +Note that <Esc> in Cmdline mode executes the command, like in a mapping. This +is Vi compatible. Use CTRL-C to quit Cmdline mode. + + *:nme* *:nmenu* *:nnoreme* *:nnoremenu* *:nunme* *:nunmenu* +Menu commands starting with "n" work in Normal mode. |mapmode-n| + + *:ome* *:omenu* *:onoreme* *:onoremenu* *:ounme* *:ounmenu* +Menu commands starting with "o" work in Operator-pending mode. |mapmode-o| + + *:vme* *:vmenu* *:vnoreme* *:vnoremenu* *:vunme* *:vunmenu* +Menu commands starting with "v" work in Visual mode. |mapmode-v| + + *:xme* *:xmenu* *:xnoreme* *:xnoremenu* *:xunme* *:xunmenu* +Menu commands starting with "x" work in Visual and Select mode. |mapmode-x| + + *:sme* *:smenu* *:snoreme* *:snoremenu* *:sunme* *:sunmenu* +Menu commands starting with "s" work in Select mode. |mapmode-s| + + *:ime* *:imenu* *:inoreme* *:inoremenu* *:iunme* *:iunmenu* +Menu commands starting with "i" work in Insert mode. |mapmode-i| + + *:cme* *:cmenu* *:cnoreme* *:cnoremenu* *:cunme* *:cunmenu* +Menu commands starting with "c" work in Cmdline mode. |mapmode-c| + + *:tlm* *:tlmenu* *:tln* *:tlnoremenu* *:tlu* *:tlunmenu* +Menu commands starting with "tl" work in Terminal mode. |mapmode-t| + + *:menu-<silent>* *:menu-silent* +To define a menu which will not be echoed on the command line, add +"<silent>" as the first argument. Example: > + :menu <silent> Settings.Ignore\ case :set ic<CR> +The ":set ic" will not be echoed when using this menu. Messages from the +executed command are still given though. To shut them up too, add a ":silent" +in the executed command: > + :menu <silent> Search.Header :exe ":silent normal /Header\r"<CR> +"<silent>" may also appear just after "<special>" or "<script>". + + *:menu-<special>* *:menu-special* +Define a menu with <> notation for special keys, even though the "<" flag +may appear in 'cpoptions'. This is useful if the side effect of setting +'cpoptions' is not desired. Example: > + :menu <special> Search.Header /Header<CR> +"<special>" must appear as the very first argument to the ":menu" command or +just after "<silent>" or "<script>". + + *:menu-<script>* *:menu-script* +The "to" part of the menu will be inspected for mappings. If you don't want +this, use the ":noremenu" command (or the similar one for a specific mode). +If you do want to use script-local mappings, add "<script>" as the very first +argument to the ":menu" command or just after "<silent>" or "<special>". + + *menu-priority* +You can give a priority to a menu. Menus with a higher priority go more to +the right. The priority is given as a number before the ":menu" command. +Example: > + :80menu Buffer.next :bn<CR> + +The default menus have these priorities: + File 10 + Edit 20 + Tools 40 + Syntax 50 + Buffers 60 + Window 70 + Help 9999 + +When no or zero priority is given, 500 is used. +The priority for the PopUp menu is not used. + +The Help menu will be placed on the far right side of the menu bar on systems +which support this (Motif and GTK+). For GTK+ 2 and 3, this is not done +anymore because right-aligning the Help menu is now discouraged UI design. + +You can use a priority higher than 9999, to make it go after the Help menu, +but that is non-standard and is discouraged. The highest possible priority is +about 32000. The lowest is 1. + + *sub-menu-priority* +The same mechanism can be used to position a sub-menu. The priority is then +given as a dot-separated list of priorities, before the menu name: > + :menu 80.500 Buffer.next :bn<CR> +Giving the sub-menu priority is only needed when the item is not to be put +in a normal position. For example, to put a sub-menu before the other items: > + :menu 80.100 Buffer.first :brew<CR> +Or to put a sub-menu after the other items, and further items with default +priority will be put before it: > + :menu 80.900 Buffer.last :blast<CR> +When a number is missing, the default value 500 will be used: > + :menu .900 myMenu.test :echo "text"<CR> +The menu priority is only used when creating a new menu. When it already +existed, e.g., in another mode, the priority will not change. Thus, the +priority only needs to be given the first time a menu is used. +An exception is the PopUp menu. There is a separate menu for each mode +(Normal, Op-pending, Visual, Insert, Cmdline). The order in each of these +menus can be different. This is different from menu-bar menus, which have +the same order for all modes. +NOTE: sub-menu priorities currently don't work for all versions of the GUI. + + *menu-separator* *E332* +Menu items can be separated by a special item that inserts some space between +items. Depending on the system this is displayed as a line or a dotted line. +These items must start with a '-' and end in a '-'. The part in between is +used to give it a unique name. Priorities can be used as with normal items. +Example: > + :menu Example.item1 :do something + :menu Example.-Sep- : + :menu Example.item2 :do something different +Note that the separator also requires a rhs. It doesn't matter what it is, +because the item will never be selected. Use a single colon to keep it +simple. + + *gui-toolbar* +The toolbar is currently available in the Win32, Motif, GTK+ (X11), +and Photon GUI. It should turn up in other GUIs in due course. The +default toolbar is setup in menu.vim. +The display of the toolbar is controlled by the 'guioptions' letter 'T'. You +can thus have menu & toolbar together, or either on its own, or neither. +The appearance is controlled by the 'toolbar' option. You can choose between +an image, text or both. + + *toolbar-icon* +The toolbar is defined as a special menu called ToolBar, which only has one +level. Vim interprets the items in this menu as follows: +1) If an "icon=" argument was specified, the file with this name is used. + The file can either be specified with the full path or with the base name. + In the last case it is searched for in the "bitmaps" directory in + 'runtimepath', like in point 3. Examples: > + :amenu icon=/usr/local/pixmaps/foo_icon.xpm ToolBar.Foo :echo "Foo"<CR> + :amenu icon=FooIcon ToolBar.Foo :echo "Foo"<CR> +< Note that in the first case the extension is included, while in the second + case it is omitted. + If the file cannot be opened the next points are tried. + A space in the file name must be escaped with a backslash. + A menu priority must come _after_ the icon argument: > + :amenu icon=foo 1.42 ToolBar.Foo :echo "42!"<CR> +2) An item called 'BuiltIn##', where ## is a number, is taken as number ## of + the built-in bitmaps available in Vim. Currently there are 31 numbered + from 0 to 30 which cover most common editing operations |builtin-tools|. > + :amenu ToolBar.BuiltIn22 :call SearchNext("back")<CR> +3) An item with another name is first searched for in the directory + "bitmaps" in 'runtimepath'. If found, the bitmap file is used as the + toolbar button image. Note that the exact filename is OS-specific: For + example, under Win32 the command > + :amenu ToolBar.Hello :echo "hello"<CR> +< would find the file 'hello.bmp'. Under GTK+/X11 it is 'Hello.xpm'. With + GTK+ 2 the files 'Hello.png', 'Hello.xpm' and 'Hello.bmp' are checked for + existence, and the first one found would be used. + For MS-Windows and GTK+ 2 the bitmap is scaled to fit the button. For + MS-Windows a size of 18 by 18 pixels works best. + For MS-Windows the bitmap should have 16 colors with the standard palette. + The light grey pixels will be changed to the Window frame color and the + dark grey pixels to the window shadow color. More colors might also work, + depending on your system. +4) If the bitmap is still not found, Vim checks for a match against its list + of built-in names. Each built-in button image has a name. + So the command > + :amenu ToolBar.Open :e +< will show the built-in "open a file" button image if no open.bmp exists. + All the built-in names can be seen used in menu.vim. +5) If all else fails, a blank, but functioning, button is displayed. + + *builtin-tools* +nr Name Normal action ~ +00 New open new window +01 Open browse for file to open in current window +02 Save write buffer to file +03 Undo undo last change +04 Redo redo last undone change +05 Cut delete selected text to clipboard +06 Copy copy selected text to clipboard +07 Paste paste text from clipboard +08 Print print current buffer +09 Help open a buffer on Vim's builtin help +10 Find start a search command +11 SaveAll write all modified buffers to file +12 SaveSesn write session file for current situation +13 NewSesn write new session file +14 LoadSesn load session file +15 RunScript browse for file to run as a Vim script +16 Replace prompt for substitute command +17 WinClose close current window +18 WinMax make current window use many lines +19 WinMin make current window use few lines +20 WinSplit split current window +21 Shell start a shell +22 FindPrev search again, backward +23 FindNext search again, forward +24 FindHelp prompt for word to search help for +25 Make run make and jump to first error +26 TagJump jump to tag under the cursor +27 RunCtags build tags for files in current directory +28 WinVSplit split current window vertically +29 WinMaxWidth make current window use many columns +30 WinMinWidth make current window use few columns + + *hidden-menus* *win32-hidden-menus* +In the Win32 and GTK+ GUI, starting a menu name with ']' excludes that menu +from the main menu bar. You must then use the |:popup| or |:tearoff| command +to display it. + + *window-toolbar* *WinBar* +Each window can have a local toolbar. This uses the first line of the window, +thus reduces the space for the text by one line. The items in the toolbar +must start with "WinBar". + +Only text can be used. When using Unicode, special characters can be used to +make the items look like icons. + +If the items do not fit then the last ones cannot be used. The toolbar does +not wrap. + +Note that Vim may be in any mode when executing these commands. The menu +should be defined for Normal mode and will be executed without changing the +current mode. Thus if the current window is in Visual mode and the menu +command does not intentionally change the mode, Vim will remain in Visual +mode. Best is to use `:nnoremenu` to avoid side effects. + +Example for debugger tools: > + nnoremenu 1.10 WinBar.Step :Step<CR> + nnoremenu 1.20 WinBar.Next :Next<CR> + nnoremenu 1.30 WinBar.Finish :Finish<CR> + nnoremenu 1.40 WinBar.Cont :Continue<CR> +< *hl-ToolbarLine* *hl-ToolbarButton* +The window toolbar uses the ToolbarLine and ToolbarButton highlight groups. + +When splitting the window the window toolbar is not copied to the new window. + + *popup-menu* +In the Win32, GTK+, Motif and Photon GUI, you can define the +special menu "PopUp". This is the menu that is displayed when the right mouse +button is pressed, if 'mousemodel' is set to popup or popup_setpos. +Example: > + nnoremenu 1.40 PopUp.&Paste "+gP + menu PopUp + + +5.3 Showing What Menus Are Mapped To *showing-menus* + +To see what an existing menu is mapped to, use just one argument after the +menu commands (just like you would with the ":map" commands). If the menu +specified is a submenu, then all menus under that hierarchy will be shown. +If no argument is given after :menu at all, then ALL menu items are shown +for the appropriate mode (e.g., Command-line mode for :cmenu). + +Special characters in the list, just before the rhs: +* The menu was defined with "nore" to disallow remapping. +& The menu was defined with "<script>" to allow remapping script-local + mappings only. +s The menu was defined with "<silent>" to avoid showing what it is + mapped to when triggered. +- The menu was disabled. + +Note that hitting <Tab> while entering a menu name after a menu command may +be used to complete the name of the menu item. + +It is not allowed to change menus while listing them. *E1310* +This doesn't normally happen, only when, for example, you would have a timer +callback define a menu and the user lists menus in a way it shows +|more-prompt|. + + +5.4 Executing Menus *execute-menus* + + *:em* *:emenu* *E334* *E335* +:[range]em[enu] {menu} Execute {menu} from the command line. + The default is to execute the Normal mode + menu. If a range is specified, it executes + the Visual mode menu. + If used from <c-o>, it executes the + insert-mode menu Eg: > + :emenu File.Exit + +:[range]em[enu] {mode} {menu} Like above, but execute the menu for {mode}: + 'n': |:nmenu| Normal mode + 'v': |:vmenu| Visual mode + 's': |:smenu| Select mode + 'o': |:omenu| Operator-pending mode + 't': |:tlmenu| Terminal mode + 'i': |:imenu| Insert mode + 'c': |:cmenu| Cmdline mode + + +If the console-mode vim has been compiled with WANT_MENU defined, you can +use :emenu to access useful menu items you may have got used to from GUI +mode. See 'wildmenu' for an option that works well with this. See +|console-menus| for an example. + +When using a range, if the lines match with '<,'>, then the menu is executed +using the last visual selection. + + +5.5 Deleting Menus *delete-menus* + + *:unme* *:unmenu* + *:aun* *:aunmenu* +To delete a menu item or a whole submenu, use the unmenu commands, which are +analogous to the unmap commands. Eg: > + :unmenu! Edit.Paste + +This will remove the Paste item from the Edit menu for Insert and +Command-line modes. + +Note that hitting <Tab> while entering a menu name after an umenu command +may be used to complete the name of the menu item for the appropriate mode. + +To remove all menus use: *:unmenu-all* > + :unmenu * " remove all menus in Normal and visual mode + :unmenu! * " remove all menus in Insert and Command-line mode + :aunmenu * " remove all menus in all modes, except for Terminal + " mode + :tlunmenu * " remove all menus in Terminal mode + +If you want to get rid of the menu bar: > + :set guioptions-=m + + +5.6 Disabling Menus *disable-menus* + + *:menu-disable* *:menu-enable* +If you do not want to remove a menu, but disable it for a moment, this can be +done by adding the "enable" or "disable" keyword to a ":menu" command. +Examples: > + :menu disable &File.&Open\.\.\. + :amenu enable * + :amenu disable &Tools.* + +The command applies to the modes as used with all menu commands. Note that +characters like "&" need to be included for translated names to be found. +When the argument is "*", all menus are affected. Otherwise the given menu +name and all existing submenus below it are affected. + + +5.7 Examples for Menus *menu-examples* + +Here is an example on how to add menu items with menu's! You can add a menu +item for the keyword under the cursor. The register "z" is used. > + + :nmenu Words.Add\ Var wb"zye:menu! Words.<C-R>z <C-R>z<CR> + :nmenu Words.Remove\ Var wb"zye:unmenu! Words.<C-R>z<CR> + :vmenu Words.Add\ Var "zy:menu! Words.<C-R>z <C-R>z <CR> + :vmenu Words.Remove\ Var "zy:unmenu! Words.<C-R>z<CR> + :imenu Words.Add\ Var <Esc>wb"zye:menu! Words.<C-R>z <C-R>z<CR>a + :imenu Words.Remove\ Var <Esc>wb"zye:unmenu! Words.<C-R>z<CR>a + +(the rhs is in <> notation, you can copy/paste this text to try out the +mappings, or put these lines in your gvimrc; "<C-R>" is CTRL-R, "<CR>" is +the <CR> key. |<>|) + + *tooltips* *menu-tips* +5.8 Tooltips & Menu tips + +See section |42.4| in the user manual. + + *:tmenu* *:tm* +:tm[enu] {menupath} {rhs} Define a tip for a menu or tool. {only in + X11 and Win32 GUI} + +:tm[enu] [menupath] List menu tips. {only in X11 and Win32 GUI} + + *:tunmenu* *:tu* +:tu[nmenu] {menupath} Remove a tip for a menu or tool. + {only in X11 and Win32 GUI} + +Note: To create menus for terminal mode, use |:tlmenu| instead. + +When a tip is defined for a menu item, it appears in the command-line area +when the mouse is over that item, much like a standard Windows menu hint in +the status bar. (Except when Vim is in Command-line mode, when of course +nothing is displayed.) +When a tip is defined for a ToolBar item, it appears as a tooltip when the +mouse pauses over that button, in the usual fashion. Use the |hl-Tooltip| +highlight group to change its colors. + +A "tip" can be defined for each menu item. For example, when defining a menu +item like this: > + :amenu MyMenu.Hello :echo "Hello"<CR> +The tip is defined like this: > + :tmenu MyMenu.Hello Displays a greeting. +And delete it with: > + :tunmenu MyMenu.Hello + +Tooltips are currently only supported for the X11 and Win32 GUI. However, they +should appear for the other gui platforms in the not too distant future. + +The ":tmenu" command works just like other menu commands, it uses the same +arguments. ":tunmenu" deletes an existing menu tip, in the same way as the +other unmenu commands. + +If a menu item becomes invalid (i.e. its actions in all modes are deleted) Vim +deletes the menu tip (and the item) for you. This means that :aunmenu deletes +a menu item - you don't need to do a :tunmenu as well. + + +5.9 Popup Menus + +In the Win32 and GTK+ GUI, you can cause a menu to popup at the cursor. +This behaves similarly to the PopUp menus except that any menu tree can +be popped up. + +This command is for backwards compatibility, using it is discouraged, because +it behaves in a strange way. + + *:popup* *:popu* +:popu[p] {name} Popup the menu {name}. The menu named must + have at least one subentry, but need not + appear on the menu-bar (see |hidden-menus|). + {only available for Win32 and GTK GUI or in + the terminal} + +:popu[p]! {name} Like above, but use the position of the mouse + pointer instead of the cursor. + In the terminal this is the last known + position, which is usually at the last click + or release (mouse movement is irrelevant). + +Example: > + :popup File +will make the "File" menu (if there is one) appear at the text cursor (mouse +pointer if ! was used). > + + :amenu ]Toolbar.Make :make<CR> + :popup ]Toolbar +This creates a popup menu that doesn't exist on the main menu-bar. + +Note that in the GUI the :popup command will return immediately, before a +selection has been made. In the terminal the commands waits for the user to +make a selection. + +Note that a menu that starts with ']' will not be displayed. + +============================================================================== +6. Font + +This section describes font related options. + +GUIFONT *gui-font* + +'guifont' is the option that tells Vim what font to use. In its simplest form +the value is just one font name. It can also be a list of font names +separated with commas. The first valid font is used. When no valid font can +be found you will get an error message. + +On systems where 'guifontset' is supported (X11) and 'guifontset' is not +empty, then 'guifont' is not used. See |xfontset|. + +Note: As to the GTK GUIs, no error is given against any invalid names, and the +first element of the list is always picked up and made use of. This is +because, instead of identifying a given name with a font, the GTK GUIs use it +to construct a pattern and try to look up a font which best matches the +pattern among available fonts, and this way, the matching never fails. An +invalid name doesn't matter because a number of font properties other than +name will do to get the matching done. + +Spaces after a comma are ignored. To include a comma in a font name precede +it with a backslash. Setting an option requires an extra backslash before a +space and a backslash. See also |option-backslash|. For example: > + :set guifont=Screen15,\ 7x13,font\\,with\\,commas +will make Vim try to use the font "Screen15" first, and if it fails it will +try to use "7x13" and then "font,with,commas" instead. + +If none of the fonts can be loaded, Vim will keep the current setting. If an +empty font list is given, Vim will try using other resource settings (for X, +it will use the Vim.font resource), and finally it will try some builtin +default which should always be there ("7x13" in the case of X). The font +names given should be "normal" fonts. Vim will try to find the related bold +and italic fonts. + +For Win32, GTK, Motif, Mac OS and Photon: > + :set guifont=* +will bring up a font requester, where you can pick the font you want. + +The font name depends on the GUI used. See |setting-guifont| for a way to set +'guifont' for various systems. + +For the GTK+ 2 and 3 GUIs, the font name looks like this: > + :set guifont=Andale\ Mono\ 11 +That's all. XLFDs are not used. For Chinese this is reported to work well: > + if has("gui_gtk2") + set guifont=Bitstream\ Vera\ Sans\ Mono\ 12,Fixed\ 12 + set guifontwide=Microsoft\ Yahei\ 12,WenQuanYi\ Zen\ Hei\ 12 + endif +< +(Replace gui_gtk2 with gui_gtk3 for the GTK+ 3 GUI) + +For Mac OSX you can use something like this: > + :set guifont=Monaco:h10 + +Mono-spaced fonts *E236* + +Note that the fonts must be mono-spaced (all characters have the same width). +An exception is GTK: all fonts are accepted, but mono-spaced fonts look best. + +To preview a font on X11, you might be able to use the "xfontsel" program. +The "xlsfonts" program gives a list of all available fonts. + +For the Win32 GUI *E244* *E245* +- Takes these options in the font name (use a ':' to separate the options): + hXX - height is XX (points, can be floating-point) + wXX - width is XX (points, can be floating-point) + WXX - weight is XX (see Note on Weights below) + b - bold. This is equivalent to setting the weight to 700. + i - italic + u - underline + s - strikeout + cXX - character set XX. Valid charsets are: ANSI, ARABIC, BALTIC, + CHINESEBIG5, DEFAULT, EASTEUROPE, GB2312, GREEK, HANGEUL, + HEBREW, JOHAB, MAC, OEM, RUSSIAN, SHIFTJIS, SYMBOL, THAI, + TURKISH and VIETNAMESE. Normally you would use "cDEFAULT". + qXX - quality XX. Valid quality names are: PROOF, DRAFT, ANTIALIASED, + NONANTIALIASED, CLEARTYPE and DEFAULT. Normally you would use + "qDEFAULT". + Some quality values are not supported in legacy OSs. +- A '_' can be used in the place of a space, so you don't need to use + backslashes to escape the spaces. +Examples: > + :set guifont=courier_new:h12:w5:b:cRUSSIAN + :set guifont=Andale_Mono:h7.5:w4.5 + +See also |font-sizes|. + +Note on Weights: Fonts often come with a variety of weights. "Normal" weights +in Windows have a value of 400 and, left unspecified, this is the value that +will be used when attempting to find fonts. Windows will often match fonts +based on their weight with higher priority than the font name which means a +Book or Medium variant of a font might be used despite specifying a Light or +ExtraLight variant. If you are experiencing heavier weight substitution, then +explicitly setting a lower weight value may mitigate against this unwanted +substitution. + + +GUIFONTWIDE *gui-fontwide* + +When not empty, 'guifontwide' specifies a comma-separated list of fonts to be +used for double-width characters. The first font that can be loaded is used. + +Note: The size of these fonts must be exactly twice as wide as the one +specified with 'guifont' and the same height. If there is a mismatch then the +text will not be drawn correctly. + +All GUI versions but GTK+: + +'guifontwide' is only used when 'encoding' is set to "utf-8" and 'guifontset' +is empty or invalid. +When 'guifont' is set and a valid font is found in it and 'guifontwide' is +empty Vim will attempt to find a matching double-width font and set +'guifontwide' to it. + +GTK+ GUI only: *guifontwide_gtk* + +If set and valid, 'guifontwide' is always used for double width characters, +even if 'encoding' is not set to "utf-8". +Vim does not attempt to find an appropriate value for 'guifontwide' +automatically. If 'guifontwide' is empty Pango/Xft will choose the font for +characters not available in 'guifont'. Thus you do not need to set +'guifontwide' at all unless you want to override the choice made by Pango/Xft. + +Windows +multibyte only: *guifontwide_win_mbyte* + +If set and valid, 'guifontwide' is used for IME instead of 'guifont'. + +============================================================================== +7. Extras *gui-extras* + +This section describes other features which are related to the GUI. + +- With the GUI, there is no wait for one second after hitting escape, because + the key codes don't start with <Esc>. + +- Typing ^V followed by a special key in the GUI will insert "<Key>", since + the internal string used is meaningless. Modifiers may also be held down to + get "<Modifiers-Key>". + +- In the GUI, the modifiers SHIFT, CTRL, and ALT (or META) may be used within + mappings of special keys and mouse events. + E.g.: :map <M-LeftDrag> <LeftDrag> + +- In the GUI, several normal keys may have modifiers in mappings etc, these + are <Space>, <Tab>, <NL>, <CR>, <Esc>. + +- To check in a Vim script if the GUI is being used, you can use something + like this: > + + if has("gui_running") + echo "yes, we have a GUI" + else + echo "Boring old console" + endif +< *setting-guifont* +- When you use the same vimrc file on various systems, you can use something + like this to set options specifically for each type of GUI: > + + if has("gui_running") + if has("gui_gtk") + :set guifont=Luxi\ Mono\ 12 + elseif has("x11") + :set guifont=*-lucidatypewriter-medium-r-normal-*-*-180-*-*-m-*-* + elseif has("gui_win32") + :set guifont=Luxi_Mono:h12:cANSI + endif + endif + +A recommended Japanese font is MS Mincho. You can find info here: +http://www.lexikan.com/mincho.htm + +============================================================================== +8. Shell Commands *gui-shell* + +For the X11 GUI the external commands are executed inside the gvim window. +See |gui-pty|. + +WARNING: Executing an external command from the X11 GUI will not always work. +"normal" commands like "ls", "grep" and "make" mostly work fine. +Commands that require an intelligent terminal like "less" and "ispell" won't +work. Some may even hang and need to be killed from another terminal. So be +careful! + +For the Win32 GUI the external commands are executed in a separate window. +See |gui-shell-win32|. + + vim:tw=78:sw=4:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: |