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diff --git a/runtime/doc/various.txt b/runtime/doc/various.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0aa5c74 --- /dev/null +++ b/runtime/doc/various.txt @@ -0,0 +1,801 @@ +*various.txt* For Vim version 9.1. Last change: 2023 Sep 27 + + + VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar + + +Various commands *various* + +1. Various commands |various-cmds| +2. Using Vim like less or more |less| + +============================================================================== +1. Various commands *various-cmds* + + *CTRL-L* +CTRL-L Clear and redraw the screen. The redraw may happen + later, after processing typeahead. + + *:redr* *:redraw* +:redr[aw][!] Redraw the screen right now. When ! is included it is + cleared first. + Useful to update the screen halfway executing a script + or function. Also when halfway a mapping and + 'lazyredraw' is set. + + *:redraws* *:redrawstatus* +:redraws[tatus][!] Redraw the status line of the current window. When ! + is included all status lines are redrawn. + Useful to update the status line(s) when 'statusline' + includes an item that doesn't cause automatic + updating. + If the command line is being edited the redraw is + postponed until later. + + *:redrawt* *:redrawtabline* +:redrawt[abline] Redraw the tabline. Useful to update the tabline when + 'tabline' includes an item that doesn't trigger + automatic updating. + + *N<Del>* +<Del> When entering a number: Remove the last digit. + Note: if you like to use <BS> for this, add this + mapping to your .vimrc: > + :map CTRL-V <BS> CTRL-V <Del> +< See |:fixdel| if your <Del> key does not do what you + want. + +:as[cii] or *ga* *:as* *:ascii* +ga Print the ascii value of the character under the + cursor in decimal, hexadecimal and octal. + Mnemonic: Get Ascii value. + + For example, when the cursor is on a 'R': + <R> 82, Hex 52, Octal 122 ~ + When the character is a non-standard ASCII character, + but printable according to the 'isprint' option, the + non-printable version is also given. + + When the character is larger than 127, the <M-x> form + is also printed. For example: + <~A> <M-^A> 129, Hex 81, Octal 201 ~ + <p> <|~> <M-~> 254, Hex fe, Octal 376 ~ + (where <p> is a special character) + + The <Nul> character in a file is stored internally as + <NL>, but it will be shown as: + <^@> 0, Hex 00, Octal 000 ~ + + If the character has composing characters these are + also shown. The value of 'maxcombine' doesn't matter. + + If the character can be inserted as a digraph, also + output the two characters that can be used to create + the character: + <ö> 246, Hex 00f6, Oct 366, Digr o: ~ + This shows you can type CTRL-K o : to insert ö. + + *g8* +g8 Print the hex values of the bytes used in the + character under the cursor, assuming it is in |UTF-8| + encoding. This also shows composing characters. The + value of 'maxcombine' doesn't matter. + Example of a character with two composing characters: + e0 b8 81 + e0 b8 b9 + e0 b9 89 ~ + + *8g8* +8g8 Find an illegal UTF-8 byte sequence at or after the + cursor. This works in two situations: + 1. when 'encoding' is any 8-bit encoding + 2. when 'encoding' is "utf-8" and 'fileencoding' is + any 8-bit encoding + Thus it can be used when editing a file that was + supposed to be UTF-8 but was read as if it is an 8-bit + encoding because it contains illegal bytes. + Does not wrap around the end of the file. + Note that when the cursor is on an illegal byte or the + cursor is halfway a multibyte character the command + won't move the cursor. + + *:p* *:pr* *:print* *E749* +:[range]p[rint] [flags] + Print [range] lines (default current line). + Note: If you are looking for a way to print your text + on paper see |:hardcopy|. In the GUI you can use the + File.Print menu entry. + See |ex-flags| for [flags]. + The |:filter| command can be used to only show lines + matching a pattern. + +:[range]p[rint] {count} [flags] + Print {count} lines, starting with [range] (default + current line |cmdline-ranges|). + See |ex-flags| for [flags]. + + *:P* *:Print* +:[range]P[rint] [count] [flags] + Just as ":print". Was apparently added to Vi for + people that keep the shift key pressed too long... + This command is not supported in |Vim9| script. + Note: A user command can overrule this command. + See |ex-flags| for [flags]. + + *:l* *:list* +:[range]l[ist] [count] [flags] + Same as :print, but display unprintable characters + with '^' and put $ after the line. This can be + further changed with the 'listchars' option. + See |ex-flags| for [flags]. + + *:nu* *:number* +:[range]nu[mber] [count] [flags] + Same as :print, but precede each line with its line + number. (See also 'highlight' and 'numberwidth' + option). + See |ex-flags| for [flags]. + + *:#* +:[range]# [count] [flags] + synonym for :number. + + *:#!* +:#!{anything} Ignored, so that you can start a Vim script with: > + #!vim -S + echo "this is a Vim script" + quit +< + *:z* *E144* +:[range]z[+-^.=][count] Display several lines of text surrounding the line + specified with [range], or around the current line + if there is no [range]. + + If there is a [count], that's how many lines you'll + see; if there is no [count] and only one window then + twice the value of the 'scroll' option is used, + otherwise the current window height minus 3 is used. + This is the value of "scr" in the table below. + + If there is a [count] the 'window' option is set to + its value. + + :z can be used either alone or followed by any of + several marks. These have the following effect: + + mark first line last line new cursor line ~ + ---- ---------- --------- ------------ + + current line 1 scr forward 1 scr forward + - 1 scr back current line current line + ^ 2 scr back 1 scr back 1 scr back + . 1/2 scr back 1/2 scr fwd 1/2 scr fwd + = 1/2 scr back 1/2 scr fwd current line + + Specifying no mark at all is the same as "+". + If the mark is "=", a line of dashes is printed + around the current line. + + *:z!* +:[range]z![+-^.=][count] + Like ":z", but when [count] is not specified, it + defaults to the Vim window height minus one. + +:[range]z[!]#[+-^.=][count] *:z#* + Like ":z" or ":z!", but number the lines. + + *:=* +:= [flags] Print the last line number. + See |ex-flags| for [flags]. + +:{range}= [flags] Prints the last line number in {range}. For example, + this prints the current line number: > + :.= +< See |ex-flags| for [flags]. + +:norm[al][!] {commands} *:norm* *:normal* + Execute Normal mode commands {commands}. This makes + it possible to execute Normal mode commands typed on + the command-line. {commands} are executed like they + are typed. For undo all commands are undone together. + Execution stops when an error is encountered. + + If the [!] is given, mappings will not be used. + Without it, when this command is called from a + non-remappable mapping (|:noremap|), the argument can + be mapped anyway. + + {commands} should be a complete command. If + {commands} does not finish a command, the last one + will be aborted as if <Esc> or <C-C> was typed. + This implies that an insert command must be completed + (to start Insert mode, see |:startinsert|). A ":" + command must be completed as well. And you can't use + "Q" or "gQ" to start Ex mode. + + The display is not updated while ":normal" is busy. + + {commands} cannot start with a space. Put a count of + 1 (one) before it, "1 " is one space. + + The 'insertmode' option is ignored for {commands}. + + This command cannot be followed by another command, + since any '|' is considered part of the command. + + This command can be used recursively, but the depth is + limited by 'maxmapdepth'. + + An alternative is to use |:execute|, which uses an + expression as argument. This allows the use of + printable characters to represent special characters. + + Example: > + :exe "normal \<c-w>\<c-w>" + +:{range}norm[al][!] {commands} *:normal-range* + Execute Normal mode commands {commands} for each line + in the {range}. Before executing the {commands}, the + cursor is positioned in the first column of the range, + for each line. Otherwise it's the same as the + ":normal" command without a range. + + *:sh* *:shell* *E371* +:sh[ell] This command starts a shell. When the shell exits + (after the "exit" command) you return to Vim. The + name for the shell command comes from 'shell' option. + *E360* + Note: This doesn't work when Vim on the Amiga was + started in QuickFix mode from a compiler, because the + compiler will have set stdin to a non-interactive + mode. + + *:!cmd* *:!* +:!{cmd} Execute {cmd} with the shell. See also the 'shell' + and 'shelltype' option. + *E34* + Any '!' in {cmd} is replaced with the previous + external command (see also 'cpoptions'). But not when + there is a backslash before the '!', then that + backslash is removed. Example: ":!ls" followed by + ":!echo ! \! \\!" executes "echo ls ! \!". + + A '|' in {cmd} is passed to the shell, you cannot use + it to append a Vim command. See |:bar|. + + If {cmd} contains "%" it is expanded to the current + file name, "#" is expanded to the alternate file name. + Special characters in the file name are not escaped, + use quotes to avoid their special meaning: > + :!ls "%" +< If the file name contains a "$" then single quotes + might work better, but this only works if the file + name does not contain a single quote: > + :!ls '%' +< This should always work, but it's more typing: > + :exe "!ls " .. shellescape(expand("%")) +< To get a literal "%" or "#" prepend it with a + backslash. For example, to list all files starting + with "%": > + :!ls \%* +< + A newline character ends {cmd}, what follows is + interpreted as a following ":" command. However, if + there is a backslash before the newline it is removed + and {cmd} continues. It doesn't matter how many + backslashes are before the newline, only one is + removed. + + On Unix the command normally runs in a non-interactive + shell. If you want an interactive shell to be used + (to use aliases) set 'shellcmdflag' to "-ic". + For Win32 also see |:!start|. + + After the command has been executed, the timestamp and + size of the current file is checked |timestamp|. + + Vim redraws the screen after the command is finished, + because it may have printed any text. This requires a + hit-enter prompt, so that you can read any messages. + To avoid this use: > + :silent !{cmd} +< The screen is not redrawn then, thus you have to use + CTRL-L or ":redraw!" if the command did display + something. However, this depends on what the |t_ti| + and |t_te| termcap entries are set to. + Also see |shell-window|. + + *:!!* +:!! Repeat last ":!{cmd}". + + *:ve* *:ver* *:version* +:ve[rsion] Print the version number of the editor. If the + compiler used understands "__DATE__" the compilation + date is mentioned. Otherwise a fixed release-date is + shown. + The following lines contain information about which + features were enabled when Vim was compiled. When + there is a preceding '+', the feature is included, + when there is a '-' it is excluded. To change this, + you have to edit feature.h and recompile Vim. + To check for this in an expression, see |has()|. + Here is an overview of the features. + The first column shows the smallest version in which + they are included: + T tiny (always) + N normal + H huge + m manually enabled or depends on other features + - never, feature was removed + (none) system dependent + Thus if a feature is marked with "N", it is included + in the normal and huge versions of Vim. + + *+feature-list* + *+acl* |ACL| support included + *+ARP* Amiga only: ARP support included +H *+arabic* |Arabic| language support +N *+autochdir* support 'autochdir' option +T *+autocmd* |:autocmd|, automatic commands. Always enabled since + 8.0.1564 +H *+autoservername* Automatically enable |clientserver| +m *+balloon_eval* |balloon-eval| support in the GUI. Included when + compiling with supported GUI (Motif, GTK, GUI) and + either Netbeans/Sun Workshop integration or |+eval| + feature. +H *+balloon_eval_term* |balloon-eval| support in the terminal, + 'balloonevalterm' +N *+browse* |:browse| command +T *++builtin_terms* maximal terminals builtin |builtin-terms| Always + enabled since 9.0.0280 +N *+byte_offset* support for 'o' flag in 'statusline' option, "go" + and ":goto" commands. +m *+channel* inter process communication |channel| +T *+cindent* |'cindent'|, C indenting; Always enabled +N *+clientserver* Unix and Win32: Remote invocation |clientserver| + *+clipboard* |clipboard| support compiled-in + *+clipboard_working* |clipboard| support compiled-in and working +T *+cmdline_compl* command line completion |cmdline-completion| +T *+cmdline_hist* command line history |cmdline-history| +T *+cmdline_info* |'showcmd'| and |'ruler'|; Always enabled since + 9.0.0747 +T *+cmdwin* |cmdline-window| support; Always enabled since 9.0.0657 +T *+comments* |'comments'| support +N *+conceal* "conceal" support, see |conceal| |:syn-conceal| etc. +N *+cryptv* encryption support |encryption| +H *+cscope* |cscope| support +T *+cursorbind* |'cursorbind'| support +m *+cursorshape* |termcap-cursor-shape| support +m *+debug* Compiled for debugging. +N *+dialog_gui* Support for |:confirm| with GUI dialog. +N *+dialog_con* Support for |:confirm| with console dialog. +N *+dialog_con_gui* Support for |:confirm| with GUI and console dialog. +N *+diff* |vimdiff| and 'diff' +N *+digraphs* |digraphs| *E196* + *+directx* Win32 GUI only: DirectX and |'renderoptions'| + *+dnd* Support for DnD into the "~ register |quote_~|. +H *+emacs_tags* |emacs-tags| files +N *+eval* expression evaluation |eval.txt| +T *+ex_extra* always on now, used to be for Vim's extra Ex commands +N *+extra_search* |'hlsearch'| and |'incsearch'| options. +- *+farsi* Removed: |farsi| language +T *+file_in_path* |gf|, |CTRL-W_f| and |<cfile>| Always enabled since + 9.0.265 +N *+find_in_path* include file searches: |[I|, |:isearch|, + |CTRL-W_CTRL-I|, |:checkpath|, etc. +N *+folding* |folding| + *+footer* |gui-footer| + *+fork* Unix only: |fork| shell commands +T *+float* Floating point support Always enabled since 9.0.0491 +N *+gettext* message translations |multi-lang| +- *+GUI_Athena* Unix only: Athena |GUI| + *+GUI_neXtaw* Unix only: neXtaw |GUI| + *+GUI_GTK* Unix only: GTK+ |GUI| + *+GUI_Motif* Unix only: Motif |GUI| + *+GUI_Photon* QNX only: Photon |GUI| +m *+hangul_input* Hangul input support |hangul| + *+iconv* Compiled with the |iconv()| function + *+iconv/dyn* Likewise |iconv-dynamic| |/dyn| +T *+insert_expand* |insert_expand| Insert mode completion +m *+ipv6* Support for IPv6 networking |channel| +m *+job* starting and stopping jobs |job| +T *+jumplist* |jumplist|; Always enabled since 8.2.3795 +H *+keymap* |'keymap'| +N *+lambda* |lambda| and |closure| +H *+langmap* |'langmap'| +N *+libcall* |libcall()| +N *+linebreak* |'linebreak'|, |'breakat'| and |'showbreak'| +T *+lispindent* |'lisp'| +T *+listcmds* Vim commands for the list of buffers |buffer-hidden| + and argument list |:argdelete| +T *+localmap* Support for mappings local to a buffer |:map-local| +m *+lua* |Lua| interface +m *+lua/dyn* |Lua| interface |/dyn| +N *+menu* |:menu| +N *+mksession* |:mksession| +T *+modify_fname* |filename-modifiers| +T *+mouse* Mouse handling |mouse-using| +N *+mouseshape* |'mouseshape'| +N *+mouse_dec* Unix only: Dec terminal mouse handling |dec-mouse| +N *+mouse_gpm* Unix only: Linux console mouse handling |gpm-mouse| +m *+mouse_gpm/dyn* Same as |+mouse_gpm| with optional library dependency + |/dyn| +N *+mouse_jsbterm* JSB mouse handling |jsbterm-mouse| +N *+mouse_netterm* Unix only: netterm mouse handling |netterm-mouse| +N *+mouse_pterm* QNX only: pterm mouse handling |qnx-terminal| +N *+mouse_sysmouse* Unix only: *BSD console mouse handling |sysmouse| +N *+mouse_sgr* Unix only: sgr mouse handling |sgr-mouse| +N *+mouse_urxvt* Unix only: urxvt mouse handling |urxvt-mouse| +N *+mouse_xterm* Unix only: xterm mouse handling |xterm-mouse| +T *+multi_byte* Unicode support, 16 and 32 bit characters |multibyte| + *+multi_byte_ime* Win32 input method for multibyte chars |multibyte-ime| +N *+multi_lang* non-English language support |multi-lang| +m *+mzscheme* Mzscheme interface |mzscheme| +m *+mzscheme/dyn* Mzscheme interface |mzscheme-dynamic| |/dyn| +m *+netbeans_intg* |netbeans| +T *+num64* 64-bit Number support |Number| + Always enabled since 8.2.0271, use v:numbersize to + check the actual size of a Number. +m *+ole* Win32 GUI only: |ole-interface| +N *+packages* Loading |packages| +T *+path_extra* Up/downwards search in 'path' and 'tags' Always + enabled since 9.0.0270 +m *+perl* Perl interface |perl| +m *+perl/dyn* Perl interface |perl-dynamic| |/dyn| +N *+persistent_undo* Persistent undo |undo-persistence| +N *+popupwin* Popup windows |popup-window| + *+postscript* |:hardcopy| writes a PostScript file +N *+printer* |:hardcopy| command +H *+profile* |:profile| command +m *+python* Python 2 interface |python| +m *+python/dyn* Python 2 interface |python-dynamic| |/dyn| +m *+python3* Python 3 interface |python| +m *+python3/dyn* Python 3 interface |python-dynamic| |/dyn| +m *+python3/dyn-stable* + Python 3 interface |python-dynamic| |python-stable| + |/dyn| +N *+quickfix* |:make| and |quickfix| commands +N *+reltime* |reltime()| function, 'hlsearch'/'incsearch' timeout, + 'redrawtime' option +H *+rightleft* Right to left typing |'rightleft'| +m *+ruby* Ruby interface |ruby| +m *+ruby/dyn* Ruby interface |ruby-dynamic| |/dyn| +T *+scrollbind* |'scrollbind'| +N *+signs* |:sign| +T *+smartindent* |'smartindent'| +H *+sodium* compiled with libsodium for better encryption support +H *+sound* |sound_playevent()|, |sound_playfile()| functions, etc. +N *+spell* spell checking support, see |spell| +N *+startuptime* |--startuptime| argument +N *+statusline* Options 'statusline', 'rulerformat' and special + formats of 'titlestring' and 'iconstring' +- *+sun_workshop* Removed: |workshop| +N *+syntax* Syntax highlighting |syntax| + *+system()* Unix only: opposite of |+fork| +T *+tag_binary* binary searching in tags file |tag-binary-search| +- *+tag_old_static* Removed; method for static tags |tag-old-static| +- *+tag_any_white* Removed; was to allow any white space in tags files +m *+tcl* Tcl interface |tcl| +m *+tcl/dyn* Tcl interface |tcl-dynamic| |/dyn| +m *+terminal* Support for terminal window |terminal| + *+terminfo* uses |terminfo| instead of termcap +N *+termresponse* support for |t_RV| and |v:termresponse| +N *+termguicolors* 24-bit color in xterm-compatible terminals support +T *+textobjects* |text-objects| selection. Always enabled since 9.0.0222. +N *+textprop* |text-properties| + *+tgetent* non-Unix only: able to use external termcap +N *+timers* the |timer_start()| function +T *+title* Setting the window 'title' and 'icon'; Always enabled +N *+toolbar* |gui-toolbar| +T *+user_commands* User-defined commands. |user-commands| + Always enabled since 8.1.1210. +H *+vartabs* Variable-width tabstops. |'vartabstop'| +T *+vertsplit* Vertically split windows |:vsplit|; Always enabled + since 8.0.1118. +T *+vim9script* |Vim9| script +N *+viminfo* |'viminfo'| +T *+virtualedit* |'virtualedit'| Always enabled since 8.1.826. +T *+visual* Visual mode |Visual-mode| Always enabled since 7.4.200. +T *+visualextra* extra Visual mode commands |blockwise-operators| +T *+vreplace* |gR| and |gr| + *+vtp* on MS-Windows console: support for 'termguicolors' +T *+wildignore* |'wildignore'| Always enabled since 9.0.0278 +T *+wildmenu* |'wildmenu'| Always enabled since 9.0.0279 +T *+windows* more than one window; Always enabled since 8.0.1118. +m *+writebackup* |'writebackup'| is default on +m *+xim* X input method |xim| + *+xfontset* X fontset support |xfontset| +N *+xattr* compiled with extended attribute support (Linux only) + *+xpm* pixmap support +m *+xpm_w32* Win32 GUI only: pixmap support |w32-xpm-support| + *+xsmp* XSMP (X session management) support + *+xsmp_interact* interactive XSMP (X session management) support +N *+xterm_clipboard* Unix only: xterm clipboard handling +m *+xterm_save* save and restore xterm screen |xterm-screens| +N *+X11* Unix only: can restore window title |X11| + + */dyn* *E370* *E448* + To some of the features "/dyn" is added when the + feature is only available when the related library can + be dynamically loaded. + +:ve[rsion] {nr} Is now ignored. This was previously used to check the + version number of a .vimrc file. It was removed, + because you can now use the ":if" command for + version-dependent behavior. + + *:redi* *:redir* +:redi[r][!] > {file} Redirect messages to file {file}. The messages which + are the output of commands are written to that file, + until redirection ends. The messages are also still + shown on the screen. When [!] is included, an + existing file is overwritten. When [!] is omitted, + and {file} exists, this command fails. + + Only one ":redir" can be active at a time. Calls to + ":redir" will close any active redirection before + starting redirection to the new target. For recursive + use check out |execute()|. + + To stop the messages and commands from being echoed to + the screen, put the commands in a function and call it + with ":silent call Function()". + An alternative is to use the 'verbosefile' option, + this can be used in combination with ":redir". + +:redi[r] >> {file} Redirect messages to file {file}. Append if {file} + already exists. + +:redi[r] @{a-zA-Z} +:redi[r] @{a-zA-Z}> Redirect messages to register {a-z}. Append to the + contents of the register if its name is given + uppercase {A-Z}. The ">" after the register name is + optional. +:redi[r] @{a-z}>> Append messages to register {a-z}. + +:redi[r] @*> +:redi[r] @+> Redirect messages to the selection or clipboard. For + backward compatibility, the ">" after the register + name can be omitted. See |quotestar| and |quoteplus|. +:redi[r] @*>> +:redi[r] @+>> Append messages to the selection or clipboard. + +:redi[r] @"> Redirect messages to the unnamed register. For + backward compatibility, the ">" after the register + name can be omitted. +:redi[r] @">> Append messages to the unnamed register. + *E1092* +:redi[r] => {var} Redirect messages to a variable. + In legacy script: If the variable doesn't exist, then + it is created. If the variable exists, then it is + initialized to an empty string. After the redirection + starts, if the variable is removed or locked or the + variable type is changed, then further command output + messages will cause errors. When using a local + variable (l:var in a function or s:var in a script) + and another `:redir` causes the current one to end, + the scope might be different and the assignment fails. + In Vim9 script: the variable must have been declared + as a string. + The variable will remain empty until redirection ends. + Only string variables can be used. + To get the output of one command the |execute()| + function can be used instead of redirection. + +:redi[r] =>> {var} Append messages to an existing variable. Only string + variables can be used. + *E1185* +:redi[r] END End redirecting messages. + + *:filt* *:filter* +:filt[er][!] {pattern} {command} +:filt[er][!] /{pattern}/ {command} + Restrict the output of {command} to lines matching + with {pattern}. For example, to list only xml files: > + :filter /\.xml$/ oldfiles +< If the [!] is given, restrict the output of {command} + to lines that do NOT match {pattern}. + + {pattern} is a Vim search pattern. Instead of enclosing + it in / any non-ID character (see |'isident'|) can be + used, so long as it does not appear in {pattern}. + Without the enclosing character the pattern cannot + include the bar character. 'ignorecase' is not used. + + The pattern is matched against the relevant part of + the output, not necessarily the whole line. Only some + commands support filtering, try it out to check if it + works. Some of the commands that support filtering: + |:#| - filter whole line + |:clist| - filter by file name or module name + |:command| - filter by command name + |:files| - filter by file name + |:highlight| - filter by highlight group + |:jumps| - filter by file name + |:let| - filter by variable name + |:list| - filter whole line + |:llist| - filter by file name or module name + |:marks| - filter by text in the current file, + or file name for other files + |:oldfiles| - filter by file name + |:registers| - filter by register contents + (does not work multi-line) + |:set| - filter by option name + + Only normal messages are filtered, error messages are + not. + + *:sil* *:silent* *:silent!* +:sil[ent][!] {command} Execute {command} silently. Normal messages will not + be given or added to the message history. + When [!] is added, error messages will also be + skipped, and commands and mappings will not be aborted + when an error is detected. |v:errmsg| is still set. + When [!] is not used, an error message will cause + further messages to be displayed normally. + Redirection, started with |:redir|, will continue as + usual, although there might be small differences. + This will allow redirecting the output of a command + without seeing it on the screen. Example: > + :redir >/tmp/foobar + :silent g/Aap/p + :redir END +< To execute a Normal mode command silently, use the + |:normal| command. For example, to search for a + string without messages: > + :silent exe "normal /path\<CR>" +< ":silent!" is useful to execute a command that may + fail, but the failure is to be ignored. Example: > + :let v:errmsg = "" + :silent! /^begin + :if v:errmsg != "" + : ... pattern was not found +< ":silent" will also avoid the hit-enter prompt. When + using this for an external command, this may cause the + screen to be messed up. Use |CTRL-L| to clean it up + then. + ":silent menu ..." defines a menu that will not echo a + Command-line command. The command will still produce + messages though. Use ":silent" in the command itself + to avoid that: ":silent menu .... :silent command". + + *:uns* *:unsilent* +:uns[ilent] {command} Execute {command} not silently. Only makes a + difference when |:silent| was used to get to this + command. + Use this for giving a message even when |:silent| was + used. In this example |:silent| is used to avoid the + message about reading the file and |:unsilent| to be + able to list the first line of each file. > + :silent argdo unsilent echo expand('%') .. ": " .. getline(1) +< + + *:verb* *:verbose* +:[count]verb[ose] {command} + Execute {command} with 'verbose' set to [count]. If + [count] is omitted one is used. ":0verbose" can be + used to set 'verbose' to zero. + The additional use of ":silent" makes messages + generated but not displayed. + The combination of ":silent" and ":verbose" can be + used to generate messages and check them with + |v:statusmsg| and friends. For example: > + :let v:statusmsg = "" + :silent verbose runtime foobar.vim + :if v:statusmsg != "" + : " foobar.vim could not be found + :endif +< When concatenating another command, the ":verbose" + only applies to the first one: > + :4verbose set verbose | set verbose +< verbose=4 ~ + verbose=0 ~ + For logging verbose messages in a file use the + 'verbosefile' option. + + *:verbose-cmd* +When 'verbose' is non-zero, listing the value of a Vim option or a key map or +an abbreviation or a user-defined function or a command or a highlight group +or an autocommand will also display where it was last defined. If it was +defined manually then there will be no "Last set" message. When it was +defined while executing a function, user command or autocommand, the script in +which it was defined is reported. +{not available when compiled without the |+eval| feature} + + *K* +K Run a program to lookup the keyword under the + cursor. The name of the program is given with the + 'keywordprg' (kp) option (default is "man"). The + keyword is formed of letters, numbers and the + characters in 'iskeyword'. The keyword under or + right of the cursor is used. The same can be done + with the command > + :!{program} {keyword} +< There is an example of a program to use in the tools + directory of Vim. It is called "ref" and does a + simple spelling check. + Special cases: + - If 'keywordprg' begins with ":" it is invoked as + a Vim Ex command with [count]. + - If 'keywordprg' is empty, the ":help" command is + used. It's a good idea to include more characters + in 'iskeyword' then, to be able to find more help. + - When 'keywordprg' is equal to "man" or starts with + ":", a [count] before "K" is inserted after + keywordprg and before the keyword. For example, + using "2K" while the cursor is on "mkdir", results + in: > + !man 2 mkdir +< - When 'keywordprg' is equal to "man -s", a count + before "K" is inserted after the "-s". If there is + no count, the "-s" is removed. + + *v_K* +{Visual}K Like "K", but use the visually highlighted text for + the keyword. Only works when the highlighted text is + not more than one line. + +[N]gs *gs* *:sl* *:sleep* +:[N]sl[eep] [N][m] Do nothing for [N] seconds. When [m] is included, + sleep for [N] milliseconds. The count for "gs" always + uses seconds. The default is one second. > + :sleep "sleep for one second + :5sleep "sleep for five seconds + :sleep 100m "sleep for 100 milliseconds + 10gs "sleep for ten seconds +< Can be interrupted with CTRL-C (CTRL-Break on + MS-Windows). "gs" stands for "goto sleep". + While sleeping the cursor is positioned in the text, + if at a visible position. + Also process the received netbeans messages. {only + available when compiled with the |+netbeans_intg| + feature} + + *:sl!* *:sleep!* +:[N]sl[eep]! [N][m] Same as above, but hide the cursor. + + *:xrestore* *:xr* +:xr[estore] [display] Reinitializes the connection to the X11 server. Useful + after the X server restarts, e.g. when running Vim for + long time inside screen/tmux and connecting from + different machines. + [display] should be in the format of the $DISPLAY + environment variable (e.g. "localhost:10.0") + If [display] is omitted, then it reinitializes the + connection to the X11 server using the same value as + was used for the previous execution of this command. + If the value was never specified, then it uses the + value of $DISPLAY environment variable as it was when + Vim was started. + {only available when compiled with the |+clipboard| + feature} + + *g_CTRL-A* +g CTRL-A Only when Vim was compiled with MEM_PROFILING defined + (which is very rare): print memory usage statistics. + Only useful for debugging Vim. + For incrementing in Visual mode see |v_g_CTRL-A|. + +============================================================================== +2. Using Vim like less or more *less* + +If you use the less or more program to view a file, you don't get syntax +highlighting. Thus you would like to use Vim instead. You can do this by +using the shell script "$VIMRUNTIME/macros/less.sh". + +This shell script uses the Vim script "$VIMRUNTIME/macros/less.vim". It sets +up mappings to simulate the commands that less supports. Otherwise, you can +still use the Vim commands. + +This isn't perfect. For example, when viewing a short file Vim will still use +the whole screen. But it works well enough for most uses, and you get syntax +highlighting. + +The "h" key will give you a short overview of the available commands. + +If you want to set options differently when using less, define the +LessInitFunc in your vimrc, for example: > + + func LessInitFunc() + set nocursorcolumn nocursorline + endfunc +< + + vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: |