summaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/doc/manual/en_US/user_Glossary.xml
blob: 6d6eb9a128f7ed7274dcef8ee94d9d9f8dd169f4 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
    Copyright (C) 2006-2023 Oracle and/or its affiliates.

    This file is part of VirtualBox base platform packages, as
    available from https://www.virtualbox.org.

    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
    modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
    as published by the Free Software Foundation, in version 3 of the
    License.

    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
    General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with this program; if not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses>.

    SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only
-->
<!DOCTYPE glossary PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd"[
<!ENTITY % all.entities SYSTEM "all-entities.ent">
%all.entities;
]>
<glossary id="Glossary">
  <glossdiv>

    <title>A</title>

    <glossentry><glossterm>ACPI</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          Advanced Configuration and Power Interface, an industry
          specification for BIOS and hardware extensions to configure PC
          hardware and perform power management. Windows 2000 and later,
          as well as Linux 2.4 and later support ACPI. Windows can only
          enable or disable ACPI support at installation time.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

    <glossentry><glossterm>AHCI</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          Advanced Host Controller Interface, the interface that
          supports SATA devices such as hard disks. See
          <xref
        linkend="harddiskcontrollers" />.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

    <glossentry><glossterm>AMD-V</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          The hardware virtualization features built into modern AMD
          processors. See <xref linkend="hwvirt" />.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

    <glossentry><glossterm>API</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          Application Programming Interface.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

    <glossentry><glossterm>APIC</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller, a newer version of
          the original PC PIC (programmable interrupt controller). Most
          modern CPUs contain an on-chip APIC, called a local APIC. Many
          systems also contain an I/O APIC (input output APIC) as a
          separate chip which provides more than 16 IRQs. Windows 2000
          and later use a different kernel if they detect an I/O APIC
          during installation. Therefore, an I/O APIC must not be
          removed after installation.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

    <glossentry><glossterm>ATA</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          Advanced Technology Attachment, an industry standard for hard
          disk interfaces which is synonymous with IDE. See
          <xref
        linkend="harddiskcontrollers" />.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

  </glossdiv>

  <glossdiv>

    <title>B</title>

    <glossentry><glossterm>BIOS</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          Basic Input/Output System, the firmware built into most
          personal computers which is responsible of initializing the
          hardware after the computer has been turned on and then
          booting an operating system. &product-name; ships with its own
          virtual BIOS that runs when a virtual machine is started.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

  </glossdiv>

  <glossdiv>

    <title>C</title>

    <glossentry><glossterm>COM</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          Microsoft Component Object Model, a programming infrastructure
          for modular software. COM enables applications to provide
          application programming interfaces which can be accessed from
          various other programming languages and applications.
          &product-name; makes use of COM both internally and externally
          to provide a comprehensive API to 3rd party developers.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

  </glossdiv>

  <glossdiv>

    <title>D</title>

    <glossentry><glossterm>DHCP</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. This enables a networking
          device in a network to acquire its IP address and other
          networking details automatically, in order to avoid having to
          configure all devices in a network with fixed IP addresses.
          &product-name; has a built-in DHCP server that delivers an IP
          addresses to a virtual machine when networking is configured
          to NAT. See <xref
        linkend="networkingdetails" />.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

  </glossdiv>

  <glossdiv>

    <title>E</title>

    <glossentry><glossterm>EFI</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          Extensible Firmware Interface, a firmware built into computers
          which is designed to replace the aging BIOS. Originally
          designed by Intel, most modern operating systems can now boot
          on computers which have EFI instead of a BIOS built into them.
          See <xref
        linkend="efi" />.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

    <glossentry><glossterm>EHCI</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          Enhanced Host Controller Interface, the interface that
          implements the USB 2.0 standard.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

  </glossdiv>

  <glossdiv>

    <title>G</title>

    <glossentry><glossterm>GUI</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          Graphical User Interface. Commonly used as an antonym to a
          "command line interface". In the context of &product-name;, we
          sometimes refer to the main graphical
          <command>VirtualBox</command> program as the "GUI", to
          differentiate it from the <command>VBoxManage</command>
          interface.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

    <glossentry><glossterm>GUID</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          See UUID.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

  </glossdiv>

  <glossdiv>

    <title>I</title>

    <glossentry><glossterm>IDE</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          Integrated Drive Electronics, an industry standard for hard
          disk interfaces. See <xref linkend="harddiskcontrollers" />.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

    <glossentry><glossterm>I/O APIC</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          See APIC.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

    <glossentry><glossterm>iSCSI</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          Internet SCSI. See <xref linkend="storage-iscsi" />.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

  </glossdiv>

  <glossdiv>

    <title>M</title>

    <glossentry><glossterm>MAC</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          Media Access Control, a part of an Ethernet network card. A
          MAC address is a 6-byte number which identifies a network
          card. It is typically written in hexadecimal notation where
          the bytes are separated by colons, such as
          <literal>00:17:3A:5E:CB:08</literal>.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

    <glossentry><glossterm>MSI</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          Message Signaled Interrupts, as supported by modern chipsets
          such as the ICH9. See <xref linkend="settings-motherboard" />.
          As opposed to traditional pin-based interrupts, with MSI, a
          small amount of data can accompany the actual interrupt
          message. This reduces the amount of hardware pins required and
          allows for more interrupts and better performance.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

  </glossdiv>

  <glossdiv>

    <title>N</title>

    <glossentry><glossterm>NAT</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          Network Address Translation. A technique to share networking
          interfaces by which an interface modifies the source and/or
          target IP addresses of network packets according to specific
          rules. Commonly employed by routers and firewalls to shield an
          internal network from the Internet, &product-name; can use NAT
          to easily share a host's physical networking hardware with its
          virtual machines. See <xref
        linkend="network_nat" />.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

  </glossdiv>

  <glossdiv>

    <title>O</title>

    <glossentry><glossterm>OVF</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          Open Virtualization Format, a cross-platform industry standard
          to exchange virtual appliances between virtualization
          products. See <xref linkend="ovf" />.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

  </glossdiv>

  <glossdiv>

    <title>P</title>

    <glossentry><glossterm>PAE</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          Physical Address Extension. This enables access to more than 4
          GB of RAM, even in 32-bit environments. See
          <xref linkend="settings-general-advanced" />.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

    <glossentry><glossterm>PIC</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          See APIC.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

    <glossentry><glossterm>PXE</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          Preboot Execution Environment, an industry standard for
          booting PC systems from remote network locations. It includes
          DHCP for IP configuration and TFTP for file transfer. Using
          UNDI, a hardware independent driver stack for accessing the
          network card from bootstrap code is available.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

  </glossdiv>

  <glossdiv>

    <title>R</title>

    <glossentry><glossterm>RDP</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          Remote Desktop Protocol, a protocol developed by Microsoft as
          an extension to the ITU T.128 and T.124 video conferencing
          protocol. With RDP, a PC system can be controlled from a
          remote location using a network connection over which data is
          transferred in both directions. Typically graphics updates and
          audio are sent from the remote machine and keyboard and mouse
          input events are sent from the client. An &product-name;
          extension package by Oracle provides VRDP, an enhanced
          implementation of the relevant standards which is largely
          compatible with Microsoft's RDP implementation. See
          <xref linkend="vrde" /> for details.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

  </glossdiv>

  <glossdiv>

    <title>S</title>

    <glossentry><glossterm>SAS</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          Serial Attached SCSI, an industry standard for hard disk
          interfaces. See <xref linkend="harddiskcontrollers" />.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

    <glossentry><glossterm>SATA</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          Serial ATA, an industry standard for hard disk interfaces. See
          <xref linkend="harddiskcontrollers" />.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

    <glossentry><glossterm>SCSI</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          Small Computer System Interface. An industry standard for data
          transfer between devices, especially for storage. See
          <xref
        linkend="harddiskcontrollers" />.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

    <glossentry><glossterm>SMP</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          Symmetrical Multiprocessing, meaning that the resources of a
          computer are shared between several processors. These can
          either be several processor chips or, as is more common with
          modern hardware, multiple CPU cores in one processor.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

    <glossentry><glossterm>SSD</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          Solid-state drive, uses microchips for storing data in a
          computer system. Compared to classical hard-disks they are
          having no mechanical components like spinning disks.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

  </glossdiv>

  <glossdiv>

    <title>T</title>

    <glossentry><glossterm>TAR</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          A widely used file format for archiving. Originally, this
          stood for Tape ARchive and was already supported by very early
          UNIX versions for backing up data on tape. The file format is
          still widely used today. For example, with OVF archives using
          an <filename>.ova</filename> file extension. See
          <xref
        linkend="ovf" />.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

  </glossdiv>

  <glossdiv>

    <title>U</title>

    <glossentry><glossterm>UUID</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          A Universally Unique Identifier, often also called GUID
          (Globally Unique Identifier). A UUID is a string of numbers
          and letters which can be computed dynamically and is
          guaranteed to be unique. Generally, it is used as a global
          handle to identify entities. &product-name; makes use of UUIDs
          to identify VMs, Virtual Disk Images (VDI files), and other
          entities.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

  </glossdiv>

  <glossdiv>

    <title>V</title>

    <glossentry><glossterm>VM</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          Virtual Machine. A virtual computer that &product-name;
          enables you to run on top of your actual hardware. See
          <xref
        linkend="virtintro" /> for details.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

    <glossentry><glossterm>VMM</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          Virtual Machine Manager. The component of &product-name; that
          controls VM execution. See
          <xref linkend="technical-components" /> for a list of
          &product-name; components.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

    <glossentry><glossterm>VRDE</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          VirtualBox Remote Desktop Extension. This interface is built
          into &product-name; to allow &product-name; extension packages
          to supply remote access to virtual machines. An &product-name;
          extension package by Oracle provides VRDP support. See
          <xref linkend="vrde" />.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

    <glossentry><glossterm>VRDP</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          See RDP.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

    <glossentry><glossterm>VT-x</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          The hardware virtualization features built into modern Intel
          processors. See <xref linkend="hwvirt" />.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

  </glossdiv>

  <glossdiv>

    <title>X</title>

    <glossentry><glossterm>xHCI</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          eXtended Host Controller Interface, the interface that
          implements the USB 3.0 standard.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

    <glossentry><glossterm>XML</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          The eXtensible Markup Language, a metastandard for all kinds
          of textual information. XML only specifies how data in the
          document is organized generally and does not prescribe how to
          semantically organize content.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

    <glossentry><glossterm>XPCOM</glossterm>

      <glossdef>

        <para>
          Mozilla Cross Platform Component Object Model, a programming
          infrastructure developed by the Mozilla browser project which
          is similar to Microsoft COM and enables applications to
          provide a modular programming interface. &product-name; makes
          use of XPCOM on Linux both internally and externally to
          provide a comprehensive API to third-party developers.
        </para>

      </glossdef>

    </glossentry>

  </glossdiv>

</glossary>