diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'doc/wget.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/wget.info | 774 |
1 files changed, 387 insertions, 387 deletions
diff --git a/doc/wget.info b/doc/wget.info index a6e2c6d..8e47756 100644 --- a/doc/wget.info +++ b/doc/wget.info @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -This is wget.info, produced by makeinfo version 7.0.3 from wget.texi. +This is wget.info, produced by makeinfo version 7.1 from wget.texi. This file documents the GNU Wget utility for downloading network data. - Copyright © 1996–2011, 2015, 2018–2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Copyright © 1996-2011, 2015, 2018-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover -Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU -Free Documentation License”. +Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU +Free Documentation License". INFO-DIR-SECTION Network applications START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY * Wget: (wget). Non-interactive network downloader. @@ -18,19 +18,19 @@ END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY File: wget.info, Node: Top, Next: Overview, Prev: (dir), Up: (dir) -Wget 1.21.4 +Wget 1.24.5 *********** This file documents the GNU Wget utility for downloading network data. - Copyright © 1996–2011, 2015, 2018–2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Copyright © 1996-2011, 2015, 2018-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover -Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU -Free Documentation License”. +Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU +Free Documentation License". * Menu: @@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ Free Documentation License”. * Recursive Download:: Downloading interlinked pages. * Following Links:: The available methods of chasing links. * Time-Stamping:: Mirroring according to time-stamps. -* Startup File:: Wget’s initialization file. +* Startup File:: Wget's initialization file. * Examples:: Examples of usage. -* Various:: The stuff that doesn’t fit anywhere else. +* Various:: The stuff that doesn't fit anywhere else. * Appendices:: Some useful references. * Copying this manual:: You may give out copies of this manual. * Concept Index:: Topics covered by this manual. @@ -56,19 +56,19 @@ GNU Wget is a free utility for non-interactive download of files from the Web. It supports HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP protocols, as well as retrieval through HTTP proxies. - This chapter is a partial overview of Wget’s features. + This chapter is a partial overview of Wget's features. • Wget is non-interactive, meaning that it can work in the background, while the user is not logged on. This allows you to start a retrieval and disconnect from the system, letting Wget finish the work. By contrast, most of the Web browsers require - constant user’s presence, which can be a great hindrance when + constant user's presence, which can be a great hindrance when transferring a lot of data. • Wget can follow links in HTML, XHTML, and CSS pages, to create local versions of remote web sites, fully recreating the directory structure of the original site. This is sometimes referred to as - “recursive downloading.” While doing that, Wget respects the Robot + "recursive downloading." While doing that, Wget respects the Robot Exclusion Standard (‘/robots.txt’). Wget can be instructed to convert the links in downloaded files to point at the local files, for offline viewing. @@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ retrieval through HTTP proxies. • The progress of individual downloads is traced using a progress gauge. Interactive downloads are tracked using a - “thermometer”-style gauge, whereas non-interactive ones are traced + "thermometer"-style gauge, whereas non-interactive ones are traced with dots, each dot representing a fixed amount of data received (1KB by default). Either gauge can be customized to your preferences. @@ -110,9 +110,9 @@ retrieval through HTTP proxies. line options, or via the initialization file ‘.wgetrc’ (*note Startup File::). Wget allows you to define “global” startup files (‘/usr/local/etc/wgetrc’ by default) for site settings. You can - also specify the location of a startup file with the –config - option. To disable the reading of config files, use –no-config. - If both –config and –no-config are given, –no-config is ignored. + also specify the location of a startup file with the -config + option. To disable the reading of config files, use -no-config. + If both -config and -no-config are given, -no-config is ignored. • Finally, GNU Wget is free software. This means that everyone may use it, redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU @@ -182,10 +182,10 @@ default password.(1) command line, the username and password will be plainly visible to all users on the system, by way of ‘ps’. On multi-user systems, this is a big security risk. To work around it, use ‘wget -i -’ and feed the URLs -to Wget’s standard input, each on a separate line, terminated by ‘C-d’. +to Wget's standard input, each on a separate line, terminated by ‘C-d’. You can encode unsafe characters in a URL as ‘%xy’, ‘xy’ being the -hexadecimal representation of the character’s ASCII value. Some common +hexadecimal representation of the character's ASCII value. Some common unsafe characters include ‘%’ (quoted as ‘%25’), ‘:’ (quoted as ‘%3A’), and ‘@’ (quoted as ‘%40’). Refer to RFC1738 for a comprehensive list of unsafe characters. @@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ You can also clear the lists in ‘.wgetrc’ (*note Wgetrc Syntax::). wget -X "" -X /~nobody,/~somebody Most options that do not accept arguments are “boolean” options, so -named because their state can be captured with a yes-or-no (“boolean”) +named because their state can be captured with a yes-or-no ("boolean") variable. For example, ‘--follow-ftp’ tells Wget to follow FTP links from HTML files and, on the other hand, ‘--no-glob’ tells it not to perform file globbing on FTP URLs. A boolean option is either @@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ _not_ follow FTP links from HTML pages. Affirmative options can be negated by prepending the ‘--no-’ to the option name; negative options can be negated by omitting the ‘--no-’ -prefix. This might seem superfluous—if the default for an affirmative +prefix. This might seem superfluous--if the default for an affirmative option is to not do something, then why provide a way to explicitly turn it off? But the startup file may in fact change the default. For instance, using ‘follow_ftp = on’ in ‘.wgetrc’ makes Wget _follow_ FTP @@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Basic Startup Options, Next: Logging and Input File Opt ‘-h’ ‘--help’ - Print a help message describing all of Wget’s command-line options. + Print a help message describing all of Wget's command-line options. ‘-b’ ‘--background’ @@ -332,14 +332,14 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Logging and Input File Options, Next: Download Options, developers of Wget if it does not work properly. Your system administrator may have chosen to compile Wget without debug support, in which case ‘-d’ will not work. Please note that - compiling with debug support is always safe—Wget compiled with the + compiling with debug support is always safe--Wget compiled with the debug support will _not_ print any debug info unless requested with ‘-d’. *Note Reporting Bugs::, for more information on how to use ‘-d’ for sending bug reports. ‘-q’ ‘--quiet’ - Turn off Wget’s output. + Turn off Wget's output. ‘-v’ ‘--verbose’ @@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Logging and Input File Options, Next: Download Options, If the FILE is an external one, the document will be automatically treated as ‘html’ if the Content-Type matches ‘text/html’. - Furthermore, the FILE’s location will be implicitly used as base + Furthermore, the FILE's location will be implicitly used as base href if none was specified. ‘--input-metalink=FILE’ @@ -383,8 +383,8 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Logging and Input File Options, Next: Download Options, and 4 are supported. ‘--keep-badhash’ - Keeps downloaded Metalink’s files with a bad hash. It appends - .badhash to the name of Metalink’s files which have a checksum + Keeps downloaded Metalink's files with a bad hash. It appends + .badhash to the name of Metalink's files which have a checksum mismatch, except without overwriting existing files. ‘--metalink-over-http’ @@ -396,10 +396,10 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Logging and Input File Options, Next: Download Options, ‘--metalink-index=NUMBER’ Set the Metalink ‘application/metalink4+xml’ metaurl ordinal - NUMBER. From 1 to the total number of “application/metalink4+xml” + NUMBER. From 1 to the total number of "application/metalink4+xml" available. Specify 0 or ‘inf’ to choose the first good one. Metaurls, such as those from a ‘--metalink-over-http’, may have - been sorted by priority key’s value; keep this in mind to choose + been sorted by priority key's value; keep this in mind to choose the right NUMBER. ‘--preferred-location’ @@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Logging and Input File Options, Next: Download Options, multiple resources with same priority are available. ‘--xattr’ - Enable use of file system’s extended attributes to save the + Enable use of file system's extended attributes to save the original URL and the Referer HTTP header value if used. Be aware that the URL might contain private information like access @@ -435,8 +435,8 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Logging and Input File Options, Next: Download Options, ‘--config=FILE’ Specify the location of a startup file you wish to use instead of - the default one(s). Use –no-config to disable reading of config - files. If both –config and –no-config are given, –no-config is + the default one(s). Use -no-config to disable reading of config + files. If both -config and -no-config are given, -no-config is ignored. ‘--rejected-log=LOGFILE’ @@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Download Options, Next: Directory Options, Prev: Loggi ‘--tries=NUMBER’ Set number of tries to NUMBER. Specify 0 or ‘inf’ for infinite retrying. The default is to retry 20 times, with the exception of - fatal errors like “connection refused” or “not found” (404), which + fatal errors like "connection refused" or "not found" (404), which are not retried. ‘-O FILE’ @@ -485,8 +485,8 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Download Options, Next: Directory Options, Prev: Loggi link conversion. (Use ‘./-’ to print to a file literally named ‘-’.) - Use of ‘-O’ is _not_ intended to mean simply “use the name FILE - instead of the one in the URL;” rather, it is analogous to shell + Use of ‘-O’ is _not_ intended to mean simply "use the name FILE + instead of the one in the URL;" rather, it is analogous to shell redirection: ‘wget -O file http://foo’ is intended to work like ‘wget -O - http://foo > file’; ‘file’ will be truncated immediately, and _all_ downloaded content will be written there. @@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Download Options, Next: Directory Options, Prev: Loggi combination is used. Similarly, using ‘-r’ or ‘-p’ with ‘-O’ may not work as you expect: - Wget won’t just download the first file to FILE and then download + Wget won't just download the first file to FILE and then download the rest to their normal names: _all_ downloaded content will be placed in FILE. This was disabled in version 1.11, but has been reinstated (with a warning) in 1.11.2, as there are some cases @@ -509,13 +509,13 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Download Options, Next: Directory Options, Prev: Loggi Note that a combination with ‘-k’ is only permitted when downloading a single document, as in that case it will just convert all relative URIs to external ones; ‘-k’ makes no sense for - multiple URIs when they’re all being downloaded to a single file; + multiple URIs when they're all being downloaded to a single file; ‘-k’ can be used only when the output is a regular file. ‘-nc’ ‘--no-clobber’ If a file is downloaded more than once in the same directory, - Wget’s behavior depends on a few options, including ‘-nc’. In + Wget's behavior depends on a few options, including ‘-nc’. In certain cases, the local file will be “clobbered”, or overwritten, upon repeated download. In other cases it will be preserved. @@ -526,10 +526,10 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Download Options, Next: Directory Options, Prev: Loggi will be named ‘FILE.2’, and so on. (This is also the behavior with ‘-nd’, even if ‘-r’ or ‘-p’ are in effect.) When ‘-nc’ is specified, this behavior is suppressed, and Wget will refuse to - download newer copies of ‘FILE’. Therefore, “‘no-clobber’” is - actually a misnomer in this mode—it’s not clobbering that’s + download newer copies of ‘FILE’. Therefore, "‘no-clobber’" is + actually a misnomer in this mode--it's not clobbering that's prevented (as the numeric suffixes were already preventing - clobbering), but rather the multiple version saving that’s + clobbering), but rather the multiple version saving that's prevented. When running Wget with ‘-r’ or ‘-p’, but without ‘-N’, ‘-nd’, or @@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Download Options, Next: Directory Options, Prev: Loggi will ask the server to continue the retrieval from an offset equal to the length of the local file. - Note that you don’t need to specify this option if you just want + Note that you don't need to specify this option if you just want the current invocation of Wget to retry downloading a file should the connection be lost midway through. This is the default behavior. ‘-c’ only affects resumption of downloads started @@ -594,37 +594,37 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Download Options, Next: Directory Options, Prev: Loggi the file and print an explanatory message. The same happens when the file is smaller on the server than locally (presumably because it was changed on the server since your last download - attempt)—because “continuing” is not meaningful, no download + attempt)--because "continuing" is not meaningful, no download occurs. - On the other side of the coin, while using ‘-c’, any file that’s + On the other side of the coin, while using ‘-c’, any file that's bigger on the server than locally will be considered an incomplete download and only ‘(length(remote) - length(local))’ bytes will be downloaded and tacked onto the end of the local file. This - behavior can be desirable in certain cases—for instance, you can - use ‘wget -c’ to download just the new portion that’s been appended + behavior can be desirable in certain cases--for instance, you can + use ‘wget -c’ to download just the new portion that's been appended to a data collection or log file. - However, if the file is bigger on the server because it’s been - _changed_, as opposed to just _appended_ to, you’ll end up with a + However, if the file is bigger on the server because it's been + _changed_, as opposed to just _appended_ to, you'll end up with a garbled file. Wget has no way of verifying that the local file is really a valid prefix of the remote file. You need to be especially careful of this when using ‘-c’ in conjunction with ‘-r’, since every file will be considered as an "incomplete download" candidate. - Another instance where you’ll get a garbled file if you try to use - ‘-c’ is if you have a lame HTTP proxy that inserts a “transfer - interrupted” string into the local file. In the future a - “rollback” option may be added to deal with this case. + Another instance where you'll get a garbled file if you try to use + ‘-c’ is if you have a lame HTTP proxy that inserts a "transfer + interrupted" string into the local file. In the future a + "rollback" option may be added to deal with this case. Note that ‘-c’ only works with FTP servers and with HTTP servers that support the ‘Range’ header. ‘--start-pos=OFFSET’ Start downloading at zero-based position OFFSET. Offset may be - expressed in bytes, kilobytes with the ‘k’ suffix, or megabytes - with the ‘m’ suffix, etc. + expressed in bytes, kilobytes with the 'k' suffix, or megabytes + with the 'm' suffix, etc. ‘--start-pos’ has higher precedence over ‘--continue’. When ‘--start-pos’ and ‘--continue’ are both specified, wget will emit a @@ -635,14 +635,14 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Download Options, Next: Directory Options, Prev: Loggi ‘--progress=TYPE’ Select the type of the progress indicator you wish to use. Legal - indicators are “dot” and “bar”. + indicators are "dot" and "bar". - The “bar” indicator is used by default. It draws an ASCII progress - bar graphics (a.k.a “thermometer” display) indicating the status of - retrieval. If the output is not a TTY, the “dot” bar will be used + The "bar" indicator is used by default. It draws an ASCII progress + bar graphics (a.k.a "thermometer" display) indicating the status of + retrieval. If the output is not a TTY, the "dot" bar will be used by default. - Use ‘--progress=dot’ to switch to the “dot” display. It traces the + Use ‘--progress=dot’ to switch to the "dot" display. It traces the retrieval by printing dots on the screen, each dot representing a fixed amount of downloaded data. @@ -655,29 +655,29 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Download Options, Next: Directory Options, Prev: Loggi specifying the type as ‘dot:STYLE’. Different styles assign different meaning to one dot. With the ‘default’ style each dot represents 1K, there are ten dots in a cluster and 50 dots in a - line. The ‘binary’ style has a more “computer”-like orientation—8K - dots, 16-dots clusters and 48 dots per line (which makes for 384K - lines). The ‘mega’ style is suitable for downloading large - files—each dot represents 64K retrieved, there are eight dots in a - cluster, and 48 dots on each line (so each line contains 3M). If - ‘mega’ is not enough then you can use the ‘giga’ style—each dot - represents 1M retrieved, there are eight dots in a cluster, and 32 - dots on each line (so each line contains 32M). + line. The ‘binary’ style has a more "computer"-like + orientation--8K dots, 16-dots clusters and 48 dots per line (which + makes for 384K lines). The ‘mega’ style is suitable for + downloading large files--each dot represents 64K retrieved, there + are eight dots in a cluster, and 48 dots on each line (so each line + contains 3M). If ‘mega’ is not enough then you can use the ‘giga’ + style--each dot represents 1M retrieved, there are eight dots in a + cluster, and 32 dots on each line (so each line contains 32M). With ‘--progress=bar’, there are currently two possible parameters, FORCE and NOSCROLL. When the output is not a TTY, the progress bar always falls back to - “dot”, even if ‘--progress=bar’ was passed to Wget during - invocation. This behaviour can be overridden and the “bar” output - forced by using the “force” parameter as ‘--progress=bar:force’. + "dot", even if ‘--progress=bar’ was passed to Wget during + invocation. This behaviour can be overridden and the "bar" output + forced by using the "force" parameter as ‘--progress=bar:force’. By default, the ‘bar’ style progress bar scroll the name of the file from left to right for the file being downloaded if the filename exceeds the maximum length allotted for its display. In certain cases, such as with ‘--progress=bar:force’, one may not want the scrolling filename in the progress bar. By passing the - “noscroll” parameter, Wget can be forced to display as much of the + "noscroll" parameter, Wget can be forced to display as much of the filename as possible without scrolling through it. Note that you can set the default style using the ‘progress’ @@ -709,12 +709,12 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Download Options, Next: Directory Options, Prev: Loggi mode. ‘--no-use-server-timestamps’ - Don’t set the local file’s timestamp by the one on the server. + Don't set the local file's timestamp by the one on the server. By default, when a file is downloaded, its timestamps are set to match those from the remote file. This allows the use of ‘--timestamping’ on subsequent invocations of wget. However, it is - sometimes useful to base the local file’s timestamp on when it was + sometimes useful to base the local file's timestamp on when it was actually downloaded; for that purpose, the ‘--no-use-server-timestamps’ option has been provided. @@ -754,7 +754,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Download Options, Next: Directory Options, Prev: Loggi ‘--dns-timeout=SECONDS’ Set the DNS lookup timeout to SECONDS seconds. DNS lookups that - don’t complete within the specified time will fail. By default, + don't complete within the specified time will fail. By default, there is no timeout on DNS lookups, other than that implemented by system libraries. @@ -764,7 +764,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Download Options, Next: Directory Options, Prev: Loggi connect timeout, other than that implemented by system libraries. ‘--read-timeout=SECONDS’ - Set the read (and write) timeout to SECONDS seconds. The “time” of + Set the read (and write) timeout to SECONDS seconds. The "time" of this timeout refers to “idle time”: if, at any point in the download, no data is received for more than the specified number of seconds, reading fails and the download is restarted. This option @@ -779,7 +779,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Download Options, Next: Directory Options, Prev: Loggi expressed in bytes, kilobytes with the ‘k’ suffix, or megabytes with the ‘m’ suffix. For example, ‘--limit-rate=20k’ will limit the retrieval rate to 20KB/s. This is useful when, for whatever - reason, you don’t want Wget to consume the entire available + reason, you don't want Wget to consume the entire available bandwidth. This option allows the use of decimal numbers, usually in @@ -791,7 +791,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Download Options, Next: Directory Options, Prev: Loggi specified by the rate. Eventually this strategy causes the TCP transfer to slow down to approximately the specified rate. However, it may take some time for this balance to be achieved, so - don’t be surprised if limiting the rate doesn’t work well with very + don't be surprised if limiting the rate doesn't work well with very small files. ‘-w SECONDS’ @@ -809,7 +809,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Download Options, Next: Directory Options, Prev: Loggi influenced by ‘--random-wait’, which see. ‘--waitretry=SECONDS’ - If you don’t want Wget to wait between _every_ retrieval, but only + If you don't want Wget to wait between _every_ retrieval, but only between retries of failed downloads, you can use this option. Wget will use “linear backoff”, waiting 1 second after the first failure on a given file, then waiting 2 seconds after the second failure on @@ -823,7 +823,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Download Options, Next: Directory Options, Prev: Loggi similarities in the time between requests. This option causes the time between requests to vary between 0.5 and 1.5 * WAIT seconds, where WAIT was specified using the ‘--wait’ option, in order to - mask Wget’s presence from such analysis. + mask Wget's presence from such analysis. A 2001 article in a publication devoted to development on a popular consumer platform provided code to perform this analysis on the @@ -836,7 +836,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Download Options, Next: Directory Options, Prev: Loggi the actions of one. ‘--no-proxy’ - Don’t use proxies, even if the appropriate ‘*_proxy’ environment + Don't use proxies, even if the appropriate ‘*_proxy’ environment variable is defined. *Note Proxies::, for more information about the use of proxies with @@ -854,14 +854,14 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Download Options, Next: Directory Options, Prev: Loggi URLs are specified on the command-line. The quota is checked only at the end of each downloaded file, so it will never result in a partially downloaded file. Thus you may safely type ‘wget -Q2m -i - sites’—download will be aborted after the file that exhausts the + sites’--download will be aborted after the file that exhausts the quota is completely downloaded. Setting quota to 0 or to ‘inf’ unlimits the download quota. ‘--no-dns-cache’ Turn off caching of DNS lookups. Normally, Wget remembers the IP - addresses it looked up from DNS so it doesn’t have to repeatedly + addresses it looked up from DNS so it doesn't have to repeatedly contact the DNS server for the same (typically small) set of hosts it retrieves from. This cache exists in memory only; a new Wget run will contact DNS again. @@ -875,8 +875,8 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Download Options, Next: Directory Options, Prev: Loggi by the resolving library or by an external caching layer, such as NSCD. - If you don’t understand exactly what this option does, you probably - won’t need it. + If you don't understand exactly what this option does, you probably + won't need it. ‘--restrict-file-names=MODES’ Change which characters found in remote URLs must be escaped during @@ -902,13 +902,13 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Download Options, Next: Directory Options, Prev: Loggi the set of characters that would be escaped, but rather force local file paths to be converted either to lower- or uppercase. - When “unix” is specified, Wget escapes the character ‘/’ and the - control characters in the ranges 0–31 and 128–159. This is the + When "unix" is specified, Wget escapes the character ‘/’ and the + control characters in the ranges 0-31 and 128-159. This is the default on Unix-like operating systems. - When “windows” is given, Wget escapes the characters ‘\’, ‘|’, ‘/’, + When "windows" is given, Wget escapes the characters ‘\’, ‘|’, ‘/’, ‘:’, ‘?’, ‘"’, ‘*’, ‘<’, ‘>’, and the control characters in the - ranges 0–31 and 128–159. In addition to this, Wget in Windows mode + ranges 0-31 and 128-159. In addition to this, Wget in Windows mode uses ‘+’ instead of ‘:’ to separate host and port in local file names, and uses ‘@’ instead of ‘?’ to separate the query portion of the file name from the rest. Therefore, a URL that would be saved @@ -921,7 +921,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Download Options, Next: Directory Options, Prev: Loggi you are downloading URLs whose names contain UTF-8 characters, on a system which can save and display filenames in UTF-8 (some possible byte values used in UTF-8 byte sequences fall in the range of - values designated by Wget as “controls”). + values designated by Wget as "controls"). The ‘ascii’ mode is used to specify that any bytes whose values are outside the range of ASCII characters (that is, greater than 127) @@ -939,7 +939,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Download Options, Next: Directory Options, Prev: Loggi connect to IPv6 hosts and ignore A records and IPv4 addresses. Neither options should be needed normally. By default, an - IPv6-aware Wget will use the address family specified by the host’s + IPv6-aware Wget will use the address family specified by the host's DNS record. If the DNS responds with both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, Wget will try them in sequence until it finds one it can connect to. (Also see ‘--prefer-family’ option described below.) @@ -965,15 +965,15 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Download Options, Next: Directory Options, Prev: Loggi used first; if the specified value is ‘none’, the address order returned by DNS is used without change. - Unlike ‘-4’ and ‘-6’, this option doesn’t inhibit access to any + Unlike ‘-4’ and ‘-6’, this option doesn't inhibit access to any address family, it only changes the _order_ in which the addresses are accessed. Also note that the reordering performed by this - option is “stable”—it doesn’t affect order of addresses of the same - family. That is, the relative order of all IPv4 addresses and of - all IPv6 addresses remains intact in all cases. + option is “stable”--it doesn't affect order of addresses of the + same family. That is, the relative order of all IPv4 addresses and + of all IPv6 addresses remains intact in all cases. ‘--retry-connrefused’ - Consider “connection refused” a transient error and try again. + Consider "connection refused" a transient error and try again. Normally Wget gives up on a URL when it is unable to connect to the site because failure to connect is taken as a sign that the server is not running at all and that retries would not help. This option @@ -1061,7 +1061,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Directory Options, Next: HTTP Options, Prev: Download ‘-x’ ‘--force-directories’ - The opposite of ‘-nd’—create a hierarchy of directories, even if + The opposite of ‘-nd’--create a hierarchy of directories, even if one would not have been created otherwise. E.g. ‘wget -x http://fly.srk.fer.hr/robots.txt’ will save the downloaded file to ‘fly.srk.fer.hr/robots.txt’. @@ -1088,7 +1088,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Directory Options, Next: HTTP Options, Prev: Download it will be saved locally under ‘ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/’. While the ‘-nH’ option can remove the ‘ftp.xemacs.org/’ part, you are still stuck with ‘pub/xemacs’. This is where ‘--cut-dirs’ comes in - handy; it makes Wget not “see” NUMBER remote directory components. + handy; it makes Wget not "see" NUMBER remote directory components. Here are several examples of how ‘--cut-dirs’ option works. No options -> ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/ @@ -1101,9 +1101,9 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Directory Options, Next: HTTP Options, Prev: Download If you just want to get rid of the directory structure, this option is similar to a combination of ‘-nd’ and ‘-P’. However, unlike - ‘-nd’, ‘--cut-dirs’ does not lose with subdirectories—for instance, - with ‘-nH --cut-dirs=1’, a ‘beta/’ subdirectory will be placed to - ‘xemacs/beta’, as one would expect. + ‘-nd’, ‘--cut-dirs’ does not lose with subdirectories--for + instance, with ‘-nH --cut-dirs=1’, a ‘beta/’ subdirectory will be + placed to ‘xemacs/beta’, as one would expect. ‘-P PREFIX’ ‘--directory-prefix=PREFIX’ @@ -1119,7 +1119,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: HTTP Options, Next: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options, Prev: Dir ================ ‘--default-page=NAME’ - Use NAME as the default file name when it isn’t known (i.e., for + Use NAME as the default file name when it isn't known (i.e., for URLs that end in a slash), instead of ‘index.html’. ‘-E’ @@ -1128,15 +1128,15 @@ File: wget.info, Node: HTTP Options, Next: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options, Prev: Dir downloaded and the URL does not end with the regexp ‘\.[Hh][Tt][Mm][Ll]?’, this option will cause the suffix ‘.html’ to be appended to the local filename. This is useful, for instance, - when you’re mirroring a remote site that uses ‘.asp’ pages, but you + when you're mirroring a remote site that uses ‘.asp’ pages, but you want the mirrored pages to be viewable on your stock Apache server. - Another good use for this is when you’re downloading CGI-generated + Another good use for this is when you're downloading CGI-generated materials. A URL like ‘http://site.com/article.cgi?25’ will be saved as ‘article.cgi?25.html’. Note that filenames changed in this way will be re-downloaded every - time you re-mirror a site, because Wget can’t tell that the local - ‘X.html’ file corresponds to remote URL ‘X’ (since it doesn’t yet + time you re-mirror a site, because Wget can't tell that the local + ‘X.html’ file corresponds to remote URL ‘X’ (since it doesn't yet know that the URL produces output of type ‘text/html’ or ‘application/xhtml+xml’. @@ -1168,18 +1168,18 @@ File: wget.info, Node: HTTP Options, Next: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options, Prev: Dir being seen, use the ‘--use-askpass’ or store them in ‘.wgetrc’ or ‘.netrc’, and make sure to protect those files from other users with ‘chmod’. If the passwords are really important, do not leave - them lying in those files either—edit the files and delete them + them lying in those files either--edit the files and delete them after Wget has started the download. ‘--no-http-keep-alive’ - Turn off the “keep-alive” feature for HTTP downloads. Normally, + Turn off the "keep-alive" feature for HTTP downloads. Normally, Wget asks the server to keep the connection open so that, when you download more than one document from the same server, they get transferred over the same TCP connection. This saves time and at the same time reduces the load on the server. This option is useful when, for some reason, persistent - (keep-alive) connections don’t work for you, for example due to a + (keep-alive) connections don't work for you, for example due to a server bug or due to the inability of server-side scripts to cope with the connections. @@ -1204,7 +1204,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: HTTP Options, Next: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options, Prev: Dir ‘--load-cookies FILE’ Load cookies from FILE before the first HTTP retrieval. FILE is a - textual file in the format originally used by Netscape’s + textual file in the format originally used by Netscape's ‘cookies.txt’ file. You will typically use this option when mirroring sites that @@ -1216,7 +1216,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: HTTP Options, Next: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options, Prev: Dir Mirroring such a site requires Wget to send the same cookies your browser sends when communicating with the site. This is achieved - by ‘--load-cookies’—simply point Wget to the location of the + by ‘--load-cookies’--simply point Wget to the location of the ‘cookies.txt’ file, and it will send the same cookies your browser would send in the same situation. Different browsers keep textual cookie files in different locations: @@ -1225,7 +1225,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: HTTP Options, Next: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options, Prev: Dir The cookies are in ‘~/.netscape/cookies.txt’. Mozilla and Netscape 6.x. - Mozilla’s cookie file is also named ‘cookies.txt’, located + Mozilla's cookie file is also named ‘cookies.txt’, located somewhere under ‘~/.mozilla’, in the directory of your profile. The full path usually ends up looking somewhat like ‘~/.mozilla/default/SOME-WEIRD-STRING/cookies.txt’. @@ -1242,18 +1242,18 @@ File: wget.info, Node: HTTP Options, Next: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options, Prev: Dir cookie file in the Netscape format that Wget expects. If you cannot use ‘--load-cookies’, there might still be an - alternative. If your browser supports a “cookie manager”, you can - use it to view the cookies used when accessing the site you’re + alternative. If your browser supports a "cookie manager", you can + use it to view the cookies used when accessing the site you're mirroring. Write down the name and value of the cookie, and manually instruct Wget to send those cookies, bypassing the - “official” cookie support: + "official" cookie support: wget --no-cookies --header "Cookie: NAME=VALUE" ‘--save-cookies FILE’ Save cookies to FILE before exiting. This will not save cookies - that have expired or that have no expiry time (so-called “session - cookies”), but also see ‘--keep-session-cookies’. + that have expired or that have no expiry time (so-called "session + cookies"), but also see ‘--keep-session-cookies’. ‘--keep-session-cookies’ When specified, causes ‘--save-cookies’ to also save session @@ -1265,7 +1265,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: HTTP Options, Next: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options, Prev: Dir as far as the site is concerned. Since the cookie file format does not normally carry session - cookies, Wget marks them with an expiry timestamp of 0. Wget’s + cookies, Wget marks them with an expiry timestamp of 0. Wget's ‘--load-cookies’ recognizes those as session cookies, but it might confuse other browsers. Also note that cookies so loaded will be treated as other session cookies, which means that if you want @@ -1280,7 +1280,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: HTTP Options, Next: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options, Prev: Dir each time claiming that the (otherwise normal) connection has closed on the very same byte. - With this option, Wget will ignore the ‘Content-Length’ header—as + With this option, Wget will ignore the ‘Content-Length’ header--as if it never existed. ‘--header=HEADER-LINE’ @@ -1342,7 +1342,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: HTTP Options, Next: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options, Prev: Dir pertain here as well. ‘--referer=URL’ - Include ‘Referer: URL’ header in HTTP request. Useful for + Include 'Referer: URL' header in HTTP request. Useful for retrieving documents with server-side processing that assume they are always being retrieved by interactive web browsers and only come out properly when Referer is set to one of the pages that @@ -1406,13 +1406,13 @@ File: wget.info, Node: HTTP Options, Next: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options, Prev: Dir Please be aware that Wget needs to know the size of the POST data in advance. Therefore the argument to ‘--post-file’ must be a regular file; specifying a FIFO or something like ‘/dev/stdin’ - won’t work. It’s not quite clear how to work around this + won't work. It's not quite clear how to work around this limitation inherent in HTTP/1.0. Although HTTP/1.1 introduces - “chunked” transfer that doesn’t require knowing the request length - in advance, a client can’t use chunked unless it knows it’s talking - to an HTTP/1.1 server. And it can’t know that until it receives a + “chunked” transfer that doesn't require knowing the request length + in advance, a client can't use chunked unless it knows it's talking + to an HTTP/1.1 server. And it can't know that until it receives a response, which in turn requires the request to have been completed - – a chicken-and-egg problem. + - a chicken-and-egg problem. Note: As of version 1.15 if Wget is redirected after the POST request is completed, its behaviour will depend on the response @@ -1517,8 +1517,8 @@ File: wget.info, Node: HTTP Options, Next: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options, Prev: Dir in addition to form-based authentication. ‘--retry-on-host-error’ - Consider host errors, such as “Temporary failure in name - resolution”, as non-fatal, transient errors. + Consider host errors, such as "Temporary failure in name + resolution", as non-fatal, transient errors. ‘--retry-on-http-error=CODE[,CODE,...]’ Consider given HTTP response codes as non-fatal, transient errors. @@ -1573,38 +1573,38 @@ compiled without SSL support, none of these options are available. ‘--ciphers’ Set the cipher list string. Typically this string sets the cipher suites and other SSL/TLS options that the user wish should be used, - in a set order of preference (GnuTLS calls it ’priority string’). + in a set order of preference (GnuTLS calls it 'priority string'). This string will be fed verbatim to the SSL/TLS engine (OpenSSL or GnuTLS) and hence its format and syntax is dependent on that. Wget will not process or manipulate it in any way. Refer to the OpenSSL or GnuTLS documentation for more information. ‘--no-check-certificate’ - Don’t check the server certificate against the available - certificate authorities. Also don’t require the URL host name to + Don't check the server certificate against the available + certificate authorities. Also don't require the URL host name to match the common name presented by the certificate. - As of Wget 1.10, the default is to verify the server’s certificate + As of Wget 1.10, the default is to verify the server's certificate against the recognized certificate authorities, breaking the SSL handshake and aborting the download if the verification fails. Although this provides more secure downloads, it does break interoperability with some sites that worked with previous Wget versions, particularly those using self-signed, expired, or - otherwise invalid certificates. This option forces an “insecure” + otherwise invalid certificates. This option forces an "insecure" mode of operation that turns the certificate verification errors into warnings and allows you to proceed. - If you encounter “certificate verification” errors or ones saying - that “common name doesn’t match requested host name”, you can use + If you encounter "certificate verification" errors or ones saying + that "common name doesn't match requested host name", you can use this option to bypass the verification and proceed with the download. _Only use this option if you are otherwise convinced of - the site’s authenticity, or if you really don’t care about the + the site's authenticity, or if you really don't care about the validity of its certificate._ It is almost always a bad idea not to check the certificates when transmitting confidential or important data. For self-signed/internal certificates, you should download the certificate and verify against that instead of forcing this insecure mode. If you are really sure of not desiring any - certificate verification, you can specify –check-certificate=quiet + certificate verification, you can specify -check-certificate=quiet to tell wget to not print any warning about invalid certificates, albeit in most cases this is the wrong thing to do. @@ -1628,7 +1628,7 @@ compiled without SSL support, none of these options are available. ‘--ca-certificate=FILE’ Use FILE as the file with the bundle of certificate authorities - (“CA”) to verify the peers. The certificates must be in PEM + ("CA") to verify the peers. The certificates must be in PEM format. Without this option Wget looks for CA certificates at the @@ -1654,7 +1654,7 @@ compiled without SSL support, none of these options are available. Tells wget to use the specified public key file (or hashes) to verify the peer. This can be a path to a file which contains a single public key in PEM or DER format, or any number of base64 - encoded sha256 hashes preceded by “sha256//” and separated by “;” + encoded sha256 hashes preceded by "sha256//" and separated by ";" When negotiating a TLS or SSL connection, the server sends a certificate indicating its identity. A public key is extracted @@ -1673,7 +1673,7 @@ compiled without SSL support, none of these options are available. the user. If this option is not specified, Wget looks for random data in ‘$RANDFILE’ or, if that is unset, in ‘$HOME/.rnd’. - If you’re getting the “Could not seed OpenSSL PRNG; disabling SSL.” + If you're getting the "Could not seed OpenSSL PRNG; disabling SSL." error, you should provide random data using some of the methods described above. @@ -1710,7 +1710,7 @@ compiled without SSL support, none of these options are available. HSTS database format used by Wget. If Wget cannot parse the provided file, the behaviour is unspecified. - The Wget’s HSTS database is a plain text file. Each line contains + The Wget's HSTS database is a plain text file. Each line contains an HSTS entry (ie. a site that has issued a ‘Strict-Transport-Security’ header and that therefore has specified a concrete HSTS policy to be applied). Lines starting with a dash @@ -1734,7 +1734,7 @@ compiled without SSL support, none of these options are available. only be applied if both of them match. This feature has been included for testing/development purposes only. The Wget testsuite (in ‘testenv/’) creates HSTS databases with explicit ports with the - purpose of ensuring Wget’s correct behaviour. Applying HSTS + purpose of ensuring Wget's correct behaviour. Applying HSTS policies to ports other than the default ones is discouraged by RFC 6797 (see Appendix B "Differences between HSTS Policy and Same-Origin Policy"). Thus, this functionality should not be used @@ -1744,7 +1744,7 @@ compiled without SSL support, none of these options are available. the subdomains of the target domain should be part of the given HSTS policy as well. The CREATED and MAX-AGE fields hold the timestamp values of when such entry was created (first seen by - Wget) and the HSTS-defined value ’max-age’, which states how long + Wget) and the HSTS-defined value 'max-age', which states how long should that HSTS policy remain active, measured in seconds elapsed since the timestamp stored in CREATED. Once that time has passed, that HSTS policy will no longer be valid and will eventually be @@ -1821,16 +1821,16 @@ File: wget.info, Node: FTP Options, Next: Recursive Retrieval Options, Prev: being seen, store them in ‘.wgetrc’ or ‘.netrc’, and make sure to protect those files from other users with ‘chmod’. If the passwords are really important, do not leave them lying in those - files either—edit the files and delete them after Wget has started + files either--edit the files and delete them after Wget has started the download. ‘--no-remove-listing’ - Don’t remove the temporary ‘.listing’ files generated by FTP + Don't remove the temporary ‘.listing’ files generated by FTP retrievals. Normally, these files contain the raw directory listings received from FTP servers. Not removing them can be useful for debugging purposes, or when you want to be able to easily check on the contents of remote server directories (e.g. to - verify that a mirror you’re running is complete). + verify that a mirror you're running is complete). Note that even though Wget writes to a known filename for this file, this is not a security hole in the scenario of a user making @@ -1842,8 +1842,8 @@ File: wget.info, Node: FTP Options, Next: Recursive Retrieval Options, Prev: ‘.listing’ file, or the listing will be written to a ‘.listing.NUMBER’ file. - Even though this situation isn’t a problem, though, ‘root’ should - never run Wget in a non-trusted user’s directory. A user could do + Even though this situation isn't a problem, though, ‘root’ should + never run Wget in a non-trusted user's directory. A user could do something as simple as linking ‘index.html’ to ‘/etc/passwd’ and asking ‘root’ to run Wget with ‘-N’ or ‘-r’ so the file will be overwritten. @@ -1873,7 +1873,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: FTP Options, Next: Recursive Retrieval Options, Prev: and active FTP should work equally well. Behind most firewall and NAT configurations passive FTP has a better chance of working. However, in some rare firewall configurations, active FTP actually - works when passive FTP doesn’t. If you suspect this to be the + works when passive FTP doesn't. If you suspect this to be the case, use this option, or set ‘passive_ftp=off’ in your init file. ‘--preserve-permissions’ @@ -1966,7 +1966,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Recursive Retrieval Options, Next: Recursive Accept/Rej Ideally, one would expect this to download just ‘1.html’. but unfortunately this is not the case, because ‘-l 0’ is equivalent to - ‘-l inf’—that is, infinite recursion. To download a single HTML + ‘-l inf’--that is, infinite recursion. To download a single HTML page (or a handful of them), specify them all on the command line and leave away ‘-r’ and ‘-l’. To download the essential items to view a single HTML page, see ‘page requisites’. @@ -2068,7 +2068,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Recursive Retrieval Options, Next: Recursive Accept/Rej documents that may be needed to display it properly are not downloaded. Using ‘-r’ together with ‘-l’ can help, but since Wget does not ordinarily distinguish between external and inlined - documents, one is generally left with “leaf documents” that are + documents, one is generally left with "leaf documents" that are missing their requisites. For instance, say document ‘1.html’ contains an ‘<IMG>’ tag @@ -2089,7 +2089,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Recursive Retrieval Options, Next: Recursive Accept/Rej wget -r -l 2 -p http://SITE/1.html - all the above files _and_ ‘3.html’’s requisite ‘3.gif’ will be + all the above files _and_ ‘3.html’'s requisite ‘3.gif’ will be downloaded. Similarly, wget -r -l 1 -p http://SITE/1.html @@ -2100,7 +2100,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Recursive Retrieval Options, Next: Recursive Accept/Rej wget -r -l 0 -p http://SITE/1.html would download just ‘1.html’ and ‘1.gif’, but unfortunately this is - not the case, because ‘-l 0’ is equivalent to ‘-l inf’—that is, + not the case, because ‘-l 0’ is equivalent to ‘-l inf’--that is, infinite recursion. To download a single HTML page (or a handful of them, all specified on the command-line or in a ‘-i’ URL input file) and its (or their) requisites, simply leave off ‘-r’ and @@ -2118,7 +2118,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Recursive Retrieval Options, Next: Recursive Accept/Rej wget -E -H -k -K -p http://SITE/DOCUMENT - To finish off this topic, it’s worth knowing that Wget’s idea of an + To finish off this topic, it's worth knowing that Wget's idea of an external document link is any URL specified in an ‘<A>’ tag, an ‘<AREA>’ tag, or a ‘<LINK>’ tag other than ‘<LINK REL="stylesheet">’. @@ -2131,11 +2131,11 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Recursive Retrieval Options, Next: Recursive Accept/Rej “declarations”. Declaration is special markup that begins with ‘<!’ and ends with ‘>’, such as ‘<!DOCTYPE ...>’, that may contain comments between a pair of ‘--’ delimiters. HTML comments are - “empty declarations”, SGML declarations without any non-comment + "empty declarations", SGML declarations without any non-comment text. Therefore, ‘<!--foo-->’ is a valid comment, and so is ‘<!--one-- --two-->’, but ‘<!--1--2-->’ is not. - On the other hand, most HTML writers don’t perceive comments as + On the other hand, most HTML writers don't perceive comments as anything other than text delimited with ‘<!--’ and ‘-->’, which is not quite the same. For example, something like ‘<!------------>’ works as a valid comment as long as the number of dashes is a @@ -2149,7 +2149,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Recursive Retrieval Options, Next: Recursive Accept/Rej resulted in missing links in many web pages that displayed fine in browsers, but had the misfortune of containing non-compliant comments. Beginning with version 1.9, Wget has joined the ranks of - clients that implements “naive” comments, terminating each comment + clients that implements "naive" comments, terminating each comment at the first occurrence of ‘-->’. If, for whatever reason, you want strict comment parsing, use this @@ -2212,7 +2212,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Recursive Accept/Reject Options, Next: Exit Status, Pr However, the author of this option came across a page with tags like ‘<LINK REL="home" HREF="/">’ and came to the realization that - specifying tags to ignore was not enough. One can’t just tell Wget + specifying tags to ignore was not enough. One can't just tell Wget to ignore ‘<LINK>’, because then stylesheets will not be downloaded. Now the best bet for downloading a single page and its requisites is the dedicated ‘--page-requisites’ option. @@ -2270,7 +2270,7 @@ Wget may return one of several error codes if it encounters problems. Generic error code. 2 - Parse error—for instance, when parsing command-line options, the + Parse error--for instance, when parsing command-line options, the ‘.wgetrc’ or ‘.netrc’... 3 @@ -2295,7 +2295,7 @@ Wget may return one of several error codes if it encounters problems. precedence over higher-numbered ones, when multiple types of errors are encountered. - In versions of Wget prior to 1.12, Wget’s exit status tended to be + In versions of Wget prior to 1.12, Wget's exit status tended to be unhelpful and inconsistent. Recursive downloads would virtually always return 0 (success), regardless of any issues encountered, and non-recursive fetches only returned the status corresponding to the most @@ -2362,7 +2362,7 @@ things from other directories. If you want to download all the files from one directory, use ‘-l 1’ to make sure the recursion depth never exceeds one. *Note Following Links::, for more information about this. - Recursive retrieval should be used with care. Don’t say you were not + Recursive retrieval should be used with care. Don't say you were not warned. @@ -2396,27 +2396,27 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Spanning Hosts, Next: Types of Files, Prev: Following 4.1 Spanning Hosts ================== -Wget’s recursive retrieval normally refuses to visit hosts different +Wget's recursive retrieval normally refuses to visit hosts different than the one you specified on the command line. This is a reasonable default; without it, every retrieval would have the potential to turn your Wget into a small version of google. However, visiting different hosts, or “host spanning,” is sometimes a useful option. Maybe the images are served from a different server. -Maybe you’re mirroring a site that consists of pages interlinked between +Maybe you're mirroring a site that consists of pages interlinked between three servers. Maybe the server has two equivalent names, and the HTML pages refer to both interchangeably. -Span to any host—‘-H’ +Span to any host--‘-H’ - The ‘-H’ option turns on host spanning, thus allowing Wget’s + The ‘-H’ option turns on host spanning, thus allowing Wget's recursive run to visit any host referenced by a link. Unless sufficient recursion-limiting criteria are applied depth, these foreign hosts will typically link to yet more hosts, and so on until Wget ends up sucking up much more data than you have intended. -Limit spanning to certain domains—‘-D’ +Limit spanning to certain domains--‘-D’ The ‘-D’ option allows you to specify the domains that will be followed, thus limiting the recursion only to the hosts that belong @@ -2430,7 +2430,7 @@ Limit spanning to certain domains—‘-D’ You can specify more than one address by separating them with a comma, e.g. ‘-Ddomain1.com,domain2.com’. -Keep download off certain domains—‘--exclude-domains’ +Keep download off certain domains--‘--exclude-domains’ If there are domains you want to exclude specifically, you can do it with ‘--exclude-domains’, which accepts the same type of @@ -2464,7 +2464,7 @@ in ‘.wgetrc’. ‘accept-regex = URLREGEX’ The argument to ‘--accept’ option is a list of file suffixes or patterns that Wget will download during recursive retrieval. A - suffix is the ending part of a file, and consists of “normal” + suffix is the ending part of a file, and consists of "normal" letters, e.g. ‘gif’ or ‘.jpg’. A matching pattern contains shell-like wildcards, e.g. ‘books*’ or ‘zelazny*196[0-9]*’. @@ -2515,11 +2515,11 @@ accept/reject rules, even though these will actually contribute to the name chosen for the local file. It is expected that a future version of Wget will provide an option to allow matching against query strings. - Finally, it’s worth noting that the accept/reject lists are matched -_twice_ against downloaded files: once against the URL’s filename + Finally, it's worth noting that the accept/reject lists are matched +_twice_ against downloaded files: once against the URL's filename portion, to determine if the file should be downloaded in the first place; then, after it has been accepted and successfully downloaded, the -local file’s name is also checked against the accept/reject lists to see +local file's name is also checked against the accept/reject lists to see if it should be removed. The rationale was that, since ‘.htm’ and ‘.html’ files are always downloaded regardless of accept/reject rules, they should be removed _after_ being downloaded and scanned for links, @@ -2549,7 +2549,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Directory-Based Limits, Next: Relative Links, Prev: Ty Regardless of other link-following facilities, it is often useful to place the restriction of what files to retrieve based on the directories -those files are placed in. There can be many reasons for this—the home +those files are placed in. There can be many reasons for this--the home pages may be organized in a reasonable directory structure; or some directories may contain useless information, e.g. ‘/cgi-bin’ or ‘/dev’ directories. @@ -2566,7 +2566,7 @@ equivalent command in ‘.wgetrc’. The directories are absolute paths. So, if you wish to download from ‘http://host/people/bozo/’ - following only links to bozo’s colleagues in the ‘/people’ + following only links to bozo's colleagues in the ‘/people’ directory and the bogus scripts in ‘/cgi-bin’, you can specify: wget -I /people,/cgi-bin http://host/people/bozo/ @@ -2574,7 +2574,7 @@ equivalent command in ‘.wgetrc’. ‘-X LIST’ ‘--exclude LIST’ ‘exclude_directories = LIST’ - ‘-X’ option is exactly the reverse of ‘-I’—this is a list of + ‘-X’ option is exactly the reverse of ‘-I’--this is a list of directories _excluded_ from the download. E.g. if you do not want Wget to download things from ‘/cgi-bin’ directory, specify ‘-X /cgi-bin’ on the command line. @@ -2607,8 +2607,8 @@ equivalent command in ‘.wgetrc’. *Note* that, for HTTP (and HTTPS), the trailing slash is very important to ‘--no-parent’. HTTP has no concept of a - “directory”—Wget relies on you to indicate what’s a directory and - what isn’t. In ‘http://foo/bar/’, Wget will consider ‘bar’ to be a + "directory"--Wget relies on you to indicate what's a directory and + what isn't. In ‘http://foo/bar/’, Wget will consider ‘bar’ to be a directory, while in ‘http://foo/bar’ (no trailing slash), ‘bar’ will be considered a filename (so ‘--no-parent’ would be meaningless, as its parent is ‘/’). @@ -2635,7 +2635,7 @@ server root. For example, these links are relative: Using this option guarantees that recursive retrieval will not span hosts, even without ‘-H’. In simple cases it also allows downloads to -“just work” without having to convert links. +"just work" without having to convert links. This option is probably not very useful and might be removed in a future release. @@ -2762,7 +2762,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: HTTP Time-Stamping Internals, Next: FTP Time-Stamping I Time-stamping in HTTP is implemented by checking of the ‘Last-Modified’ header. If you wish to retrieve the file ‘foo.html’ through HTTP, Wget -will check whether ‘foo.html’ exists locally. If it doesn’t, ‘foo.html’ +will check whether ‘foo.html’ exists locally. If it doesn't, ‘foo.html’ will be retrieved unconditionally. If the file does exist locally, Wget will first check its local @@ -2771,13 +2771,13 @@ time-stamp (similar to the way ‘ls -l’ checks it), and then send a remote file. The ‘Last-Modified’ header is examined to find which file was -modified more recently (which makes it “newer”). If the remote file is +modified more recently (which makes it "newer"). If the remote file is newer, it will be downloaded; if it is older, Wget will give up.(1) When ‘--backup-converted’ (‘-K’) is specified in conjunction with ‘-N’, server file ‘X’ is compared to local file ‘X.orig’, if extant, rather than being compared to local file ‘X’, which will always differ -if it’s been converted by ‘--convert-links’ (‘-k’). +if it's been converted by ‘--convert-links’ (‘-k’). Arguably, HTTP time-stamping should be implemented using the ‘If-Modified-Since’ request. @@ -2795,7 +2795,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: FTP Time-Stamping Internals, Prev: HTTP Time-Stamping I =============================== In theory, FTP time-stamping works much the same as HTTP, only FTP has -no headers—time-stamps must be ferreted out of directory listings. +no headers--time-stamps must be ferreted out of directory listings. If an FTP download is recursive or uses globbing, Wget will use the FTP ‘LIST’ command to get a file listing for the directory containing @@ -2827,9 +2827,9 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Startup File, Next: Examples, Prev: Time-Stamping, Up Once you know how to change default settings of Wget through command line arguments, you may wish to make some of those settings permanent. You can do that in a convenient way by creating the Wget startup -file—‘.wgetrc’. +file--‘.wgetrc’. - Besides ‘.wgetrc’ is the “main” initialization file, it is convenient + Besides ‘.wgetrc’ is the "main" initialization file, it is convenient to have a special facility for storing passwords. Thus Wget reads and interprets the contents of ‘$HOME/.netrc’, if it finds it. You can find ‘.netrc’ format in your system manuals. @@ -2855,14 +2855,14 @@ When initializing, Wget will look for a “global” startup file, ‘/usr/local’, if Wget was not installed there) and read commands from there, if it exists. - Then it will look for the user’s file. If the environmental variable + Then it will look for the user's file. If the environmental variable ‘WGETRC’ is set, Wget will try to load that file. Failing that, no further attempts will be made. If ‘WGETRC’ is not set, Wget will try to load ‘$HOME/.wgetrc’. - The fact that user’s settings are loaded after the system-wide ones -means that in case of collision user’s wgetrc _overrides_ the + The fact that user's settings are loaded after the system-wide ones +means that in case of collision user's wgetrc _overrides_ the system-wide wgetrc (in ‘/usr/local/etc/wgetrc’ by default). Fascist admins, away! @@ -2926,12 +2926,12 @@ auth_no_challenge = on/off See ‘--auth-no-challenge’. background = on/off - Enable/disable going to background—the same as ‘-b’ (which enables + Enable/disable going to background--the same as ‘-b’ (which enables it). backup_converted = on/off Enable/disable saving pre-converted files with the suffix - ‘.orig’—the same as ‘-K’ (which enables it). + ‘.orig’--the same as ‘-K’ (which enables it). backups = NUMBER Use up to NUMBER backups for a file. Backups are rotated by adding @@ -2940,7 +2940,7 @@ backups = NUMBER base = STRING Consider relative URLs in input files (specified via the ‘input’ command or the ‘--input-file’/‘-i’ option, together with - ‘force_html’ or ‘--force-html’) as being relative to STRING—the + ‘force_html’ or ‘--force-html’) as being relative to STRING--the same as ‘--base=STRING’. bind_address = ADDRESS @@ -2969,15 +2969,15 @@ certificate_type = STRING check_certificate = on/off If this is set to off, the server certificate is not checked - against the specified client authorities. The default is “on”. + against the specified client authorities. The default is "on". The same as ‘--check-certificate’. connect_timeout = N - Set the connect timeout—the same as ‘--connect-timeout’. + Set the connect timeout--the same as ‘--connect-timeout’. content_disposition = on/off Turn on recognition of the (non-standard) ‘Content-Disposition’ - HTTP header—if set to ‘on’, the same as ‘--content-disposition’. + HTTP header--if set to ‘on’, the same as ‘--content-disposition’. trust_server_names = on/off If set to on, construct the local file name from redirection URLs @@ -3001,16 +3001,16 @@ debug = on/off Debug mode, same as ‘-d’. default_page = STRING - Default page name—the same as ‘--default-page=STRING’. + Default page name--the same as ‘--default-page=STRING’. delete_after = on/off - Delete after download—the same as ‘--delete-after’. + Delete after download--the same as ‘--delete-after’. dir_prefix = STRING - Top of directory tree—the same as ‘-P STRING’. + Top of directory tree--the same as ‘-P STRING’. dirstruct = on/off - Turning dirstruct on or off—the same as ‘-x’ or ‘-nd’, + Turning dirstruct on or off--the same as ‘-x’ or ‘-nd’, respectively. dns_cache = on/off @@ -3019,13 +3019,13 @@ dns_cache = on/off ‘--no-dns-cache’. dns_timeout = N - Set the DNS timeout—the same as ‘--dns-timeout’. + Set the DNS timeout--the same as ‘--dns-timeout’. domains = STRING Same as ‘-D’ (*note Spanning Hosts::). dot_bytes = N - Specify the number of bytes “contained” in a dot, as seen + Specify the number of bytes "contained" in a dot, as seen throughout the retrieval (1024 by default). You can postfix the value with ‘k’ or ‘m’, representing kilobytes and megabytes, respectively. With dot settings you can tailor the dot retrieval @@ -3045,14 +3045,14 @@ egd_file = FILE exclude_directories = STRING Specify a comma-separated list of directories you wish to exclude - from download—the same as ‘-X STRING’ (*note Directory-Based + from download--the same as ‘-X STRING’ (*note Directory-Based Limits::). exclude_domains = STRING Same as ‘--exclude-domains=STRING’ (*note Spanning Hosts::). follow_ftp = on/off - Follow FTP links from HTML documents—the same as ‘--follow-ftp’. + Follow FTP links from HTML documents--the same as ‘--follow-ftp’. follow_tags = STRING Only follow certain HTML tags when doing a recursive retrieval, @@ -3060,7 +3060,7 @@ follow_tags = STRING force_html = on/off If set to on, force the input filename to be regarded as an HTML - document—the same as ‘-F’. + document--the same as ‘-F’. ftp_password = STRING Set your FTP password to STRING. Without this setting, the @@ -3079,7 +3079,7 @@ ftp_user = STRING This command used to be named ‘login’ prior to Wget 1.10. glob = on/off - Turn globbing on/off—the same as ‘--glob’ and ‘--no-glob’. + Turn globbing on/off--the same as ‘--glob’ and ‘--no-glob’. header = STRING Define a header for HTTP downloads, like using ‘--header=STRING’. @@ -3132,7 +3132,7 @@ ignore_tags = STRING include_directories = STRING Specify a comma-separated list of directories you wish to follow - when downloading—the same as ‘-I STRING’. + when downloading--the same as ‘-I STRING’. iri = on/off When set to on, enable internationalized URI (IRI) support; the @@ -3140,7 +3140,7 @@ iri = on/off inet4_only = on/off Force connecting to IPv4 addresses, off by default. You can put - this in the global init file to disable Wget’s attempts to resolve + this in the global init file to disable Wget's attempts to resolve and connect to IPv6 hosts. Available only if Wget was compiled with IPv6 support. The same as ‘--inet4-only’ or ‘-4’. @@ -3192,11 +3192,11 @@ no_proxy = STRING loading, instead of the one specified in environment. output_document = FILE - Set the output filename—the same as ‘-O FILE’. + Set the output filename--the same as ‘-O FILE’. page_requisites = on/off Download all ancillary documents necessary for a single HTML page - to display properly—the same as ‘-p’. + to display properly--the same as ‘-p’. passive_ftp = on/off Change setting of passive FTP, equivalent to the ‘--passive-ftp’ @@ -3248,7 +3248,7 @@ proxy_user = STRING ‘--proxy-user=STRING’. quiet = on/off - Quiet mode—the same as ‘-q’. + Quiet mode--the same as ‘-q’. quota = QUOTA Specify the download quota, which is useful to put in the global @@ -3256,7 +3256,7 @@ quota = QUOTA retrieving after the download sum has become greater than quota. The quota can be specified in bytes (default), kbytes ‘k’ appended) or mbytes (‘m’ appended). Thus ‘quota = 5m’ will set the quota to - 5 megabytes. Note that the user’s startup file overrides system + 5 megabytes. Note that the user's startup file overrides system settings. random_file = FILE @@ -3268,21 +3268,21 @@ random_wait = on/off ‘--random-wait’. read_timeout = N - Set the read (and write) timeout—the same as ‘--read-timeout=N’. + Set the read (and write) timeout--the same as ‘--read-timeout=N’. reclevel = N - Recursion level (depth)—the same as ‘-l N’. + Recursion level (depth)--the same as ‘-l N’. recursive = on/off - Recursive on/off—the same as ‘-r’. + Recursive on/off--the same as ‘-r’. referer = STRING Set HTTP ‘Referer:’ header just like ‘--referer=STRING’. (Note that it was the folks who wrote the HTTP spec who got the spelling - of “referrer” wrong.) + of "referrer" wrong.) relative_only = on/off - Follow only relative links—the same as ‘-L’ (*note Relative + Follow only relative links--the same as ‘-L’ (*note Relative Links::). remote_encoding = ENCODING @@ -3302,11 +3302,11 @@ retr_symlinks = on/off files; the same as ‘--retr-symlinks’. retry_connrefused = on/off - When set to on, consider “connection refused” a transient error—the - same as ‘--retry-connrefused’. + When set to on, consider "connection refused" a transient + error--the same as ‘--retry-connrefused’. robots = on/off - Specify whether the norobots convention is respected by Wget, “on” + Specify whether the norobots convention is respected by Wget, "on" by default. This switch controls both the ‘/robots.txt’ and the ‘nofollow’ aspect of the spec. *Note Robot Exclusion::, for more details about this. Be sure you know what you are doing before @@ -3325,7 +3325,7 @@ secure_protocol = STRING server_response = on/off Choose whether or not to print the HTTP and FTP server - responses—the same as ‘-S’. + responses--the same as ‘-S’. show_all_dns_entries = on/off When a DNS name is resolved, show all the IP addresses, not just @@ -3348,14 +3348,14 @@ timestamping = on/off Time-Stamping::). use_server_timestamps = on/off - If set to ‘off’, Wget won’t set the local file’s timestamp by the + If set to ‘off’, Wget won't set the local file's timestamp by the one on the server (same as ‘--no-use-server-timestamps’). tries = N - Set number of retries per URL—the same as ‘-t N’. + Set number of retries per URL--the same as ‘-t N’. use_proxy = on/off - When set to off, don’t use proxy even when proxy-related + When set to off, don't use proxy even when proxy-related environment variables are set. In that case it is the same as using ‘--no-proxy’. @@ -3365,17 +3365,17 @@ user = STRING command for FTP and HTTP respectively. user_agent = STRING - User agent identification sent to the HTTP Server—the same as + User agent identification sent to the HTTP Server--the same as ‘--user-agent=STRING’. verbose = on/off - Turn verbose on/off—the same as ‘-v’/‘-nv’. + Turn verbose on/off--the same as ‘-v’/‘-nv’. wait = N - Wait N seconds between retrievals—the same as ‘-w N’. + Wait N seconds between retrievals--the same as ‘-w N’. wait_retry = N - Wait up to N seconds between retries of failed retrievals only—the + Wait up to N seconds between retries of failed retrievals only--the same as ‘--waitretry=N’. Note that this is turned on by default in the global ‘wgetrc’. @@ -3386,7 +3386,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Sample Wgetrc, Prev: Wgetrc Commands, Up: Startup File ================= This is the sample initialization file, as given in the distribution. -It is divided in two section—one for global usage (suitable for global +It is divided in two section--one for global usage (suitable for global startup file), and one for local usage (suitable for ‘$HOME/.wgetrc’). Be careful about the things you change. @@ -3567,7 +3567,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Simple Usage, Next: Advanced Usage, Prev: Examples, U wget --tries=45 http://fly.srk.fer.hr/jpg/flyweb.jpg - • Now let’s leave Wget to work in the background, and write its + • Now let's leave Wget to work in the background, and write its progress to log file ‘log’. It is tiring to type ‘--tries’, so we shall use ‘-t’. @@ -3625,8 +3625,8 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Advanced Usage, Next: Very Advanced Usage, Prev: Simpl depending on where they were on the remote server. • The same as the above, but without the ‘www.example.com/’ - directory. In fact, I don’t want to have all those random server - directories anyway—just save _all_ those files under a ‘download/’ + directory. In fact, I don't want to have all those random server + directories anyway--just save _all_ those files under a ‘download/’ subdirectory of the current directory. wget -p --convert-links -nH -nd -Pdownload \ @@ -3649,7 +3649,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Advanced Usage, Next: Very Advanced Usage, Prev: Simpl • You want to download all the GIFs from a directory on an HTTP server. You tried ‘wget http://www.example.com/dir/*.gif’, but - that didn’t work because HTTP retrieval does not support globbing. + that didn't work because HTTP retrieval does not support globbing. In that case, use: wget -r -l1 --no-parent -A.gif http://www.example.com/dir/ @@ -3702,16 +3702,16 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Very Advanced Usage, Prev: Advanced Usage, Up: Example • In addition to the above, you want the links to be converted for local viewing. But, after having read this manual, you know that - link conversion doesn’t play well with timestamping, so you also + link conversion doesn't play well with timestamping, so you also want Wget to back up the original HTML files before the conversion. Wget invocation would look like this: wget --mirror --convert-links --backup-converted \ https://www.gnu.org/ -o /home/me/weeklog - • But you’ve also noticed that local viewing doesn’t work all that + • But you've also noticed that local viewing doesn't work all that well when HTML files are saved under extensions other than ‘.html’, - perhaps because they were served as ‘index.cgi’. So you’d like + perhaps because they were served as ‘index.cgi’. So you'd like Wget to rename all the files served with content-type ‘text/html’ or ‘application/xhtml+xml’ to ‘NAME.html’. @@ -3735,9 +3735,9 @@ This chapter contains all the stuff that could not fit anywhere else. * Proxies:: Support for proxy servers. * Distribution:: Getting the latest version. -* Web Site:: GNU Wget’s presence on the World Wide Web. +* Web Site:: GNU Wget's presence on the World Wide Web. * Mailing Lists:: Wget mailing list for announcements and discussion. -* Internet Relay Chat:: Wget’s presence on IRC. +* Internet Relay Chat:: Wget's presence on IRC. * Reporting Bugs:: How and where to report bugs. * Portability:: The systems Wget works on. * Signals:: Signal-handling performed by Wget. @@ -3802,7 +3802,7 @@ schemes exist. For proxy authorization only the ‘Basic’ authentication scheme is currently implemented. You may specify your username and password either through the proxy -URL or through the command-line options. Assuming that the company’s +URL or through the command-line options. Assuming that the company's proxy is located at ‘proxy.company.com’ at port 8001, a proxy URL location containing authorization data might look like this: @@ -3820,8 +3820,8 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Distribution, Next: Web Site, Prev: Proxies, Up: Vari Like all GNU utilities, the latest version of Wget can be found at the master GNU archive site ftp.gnu.org, and its mirrors. For example, Wget -1.21.4 can be found at -<https://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/wget/wget-1.21.4.tar.gz> +1.24.5 can be found at +<https://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/wget/wget-1.24.5.tar.gz> File: wget.info, Node: Web Site, Next: Mailing Lists, Prev: Distribution, Up: Various @@ -3831,7 +3831,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Web Site, Next: Mailing Lists, Prev: Distribution, Up The official web site for GNU Wget is at <https//www.gnu.org/software/wget/>. However, most useful information -resides at “The Wget Wgiki”, <http://wget.addictivecode.org/>. +resides at "The Wget Wgiki", <http://wget.addictivecode.org/>. File: wget.info, Node: Mailing Lists, Next: Internet Relay Chat, Prev: Web Site, Up: Various @@ -3849,8 +3849,8 @@ GNU Wget is at <bug-wget@gnu.org>. To subscribe, send an email to You do not need to subscribe to send a message to the list; however, please note that unsubscribed messages are moderated, and may take a -while before they hit the list—*usually around a day*. If you want your -message to show up immediately, please subscribe to the list before +while before they hit the list--*usually around a day*. If you want +your message to show up immediately, please subscribe to the list before posting. Archives for the list may be found at <https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-wget/>. @@ -3902,8 +3902,8 @@ info (how to subscribe, list archives, ...). simple guidelines. 1. Please try to ascertain that the behavior you see really is a bug. - If Wget crashes, it’s a bug. If Wget does not behave as - documented, it’s a bug. If things work strange, but you are not + If Wget crashes, it's a bug. If Wget does not behave as + documented, it's a bug. If things work strange, but you are not sure about the way they are supposed to work, it might well be a bug, but you might want to double-check the documentation and the mailing lists (*note Mailing Lists::). @@ -3924,14 +3924,14 @@ simple guidelines. 3. Please start Wget with ‘-d’ option and send us the resulting output (or relevant parts thereof). If Wget was compiled without debug - support, recompile it—it is _much_ easier to trace bugs with debug + support, recompile it--it is _much_ easier to trace bugs with debug support on. Note: please make sure to remove any potentially sensitive information from the debug log before sending it to the bug - address. The ‘-d’ won’t go out of its way to collect sensitive + address. The ‘-d’ won't go out of its way to collect sensitive information, but the log _will_ contain a fairly complete - transcript of Wget’s communication with the server, which may + transcript of Wget's communication with the server, which may include passwords and pieces of downloaded data. Since the bug address is publicly archived, you may assume that all bug reports are visible to the public. @@ -3949,7 +3949,7 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Portability, Next: Signals, Prev: Reporting Bugs, Up: Like all GNU software, Wget works on the GNU system. However, since it uses GNU Autoconf for building and configuring, and mostly avoids using -“special” features of any particular Unix, it should compile (and work) +"special" features of any particular Unix, it should compile (and work) on all common Unix flavors. Various Wget versions have been compiled and tested under many kinds @@ -4004,7 +4004,7 @@ This chapter contains some references I consider useful. * Menu: -* Robot Exclusion:: Wget’s support for RES. +* Robot Exclusion:: Wget's support for RES. * Security Considerations:: Security with Wget. * Contributors:: People who helped. @@ -4015,16 +4015,16 @@ File: wget.info, Node: Robot Exclusion, Next: Security Considerations, Prev: =================== It is extremely easy to make Wget wander aimlessly around a web site, -sucking all the available data in progress. ‘wget -r SITE’, and you’re +sucking all the available data in progress. ‘wget -r SITE’, and you're set. Great? Not for the server admin. As long as Wget is only retrieving static pages, and doing it at a -reasonable rate (see the ‘--wait’ option), there’s not much of a -problem. The trouble is that Wget can’t tell the difference between the +reasonable rate (see the ‘--wait’ option), there's not much of a +problem. The trouble is that Wget can't tell the difference between the smallest static page and the most demanding CGI. A site I know has a section handled by a CGI Perl script that converts Info files to HTML on the fly. The script is slow, but works well enough for human users -viewing an occasional Info file. However, when someone’s recursive Wget +viewing an occasional Info file. However, when someone's recursive Wget download stumbles upon the index page that links to all the Info files through the script, the system is brought to its knees without providing anything useful to the user (This task of converting Info files could be @@ -4038,7 +4038,7 @@ administrators and document authors can specify which portions of the site they wish to protect from robots and those they will permit access. The most popular mechanism, and the de facto standard supported by -all the major robots, is the “Robots Exclusion Standard” (RES) written +all the major robots, is the "Robots Exclusion Standard" (RES) written by Martijn Koster et al. in 1994. It specifies the format of a text file containing directives that instruct the robots which URL paths to avoid. To be found by the robots, the specifications must be placed in @@ -4046,7 +4046,7 @@ avoid. To be found by the robots, the specifications must be placed in download and parse. Although Wget is not a web robot in the strictest sense of the word, -it can download large parts of the site without the user’s intervention +it can download large parts of the site without the user's intervention to download an individual page. Because of that, Wget honors RES when downloading recursively. For instance, when you issue: @@ -4061,7 +4061,7 @@ further downloads. ‘robots.txt’ is loaded only once per each server. written by Martijn Koster in 1994 and available at <http://www.robotstxt.org/orig.html>. As of version 1.8, Wget has supported the additional directives specified in the internet draft -‘<draft-koster-robots-00.txt>’ titled “A Method for Web Robots Control”. +‘<draft-koster-robots-00.txt>’ titled "A Method for Web Robots Control". The draft, which has as far as I know never made to an RFC, is available at <http://www.robotstxt.org/norobots-rfc.txt>. @@ -4094,7 +4094,7 @@ through the network, which may present a security problem. Here are the main issues, and some solutions. 1. The passwords on the command line are visible using ‘ps’. The best - way around it is to use ‘wget -i -’ and feed the URLs to Wget’s + way around it is to use ‘wget -i -’ and feed the URLs to Wget's standard input, each on a separate line, terminated by ‘C-d’. Another workaround is to use ‘.netrc’ to store passwords; however, storing unencrypted passwords is also considered a security risk. @@ -4105,7 +4105,7 @@ main issues, and some solutions. 3. The FTP passwords are also in no way encrypted. There is no good solution for this at the moment. - 4. Although the “normal” output of Wget tries to hide the passwords, + 4. Although the "normal" output of Wget tries to hide the passwords, debugging logs show them, in all forms. This problem is avoided by being careful when you send debug logs (yes, even when you send them to me). @@ -4120,83 +4120,83 @@ GNU Wget was written by Hrvoje Nikšić <hniksic@xemacs.org>, However, the development of Wget could never have gone as far as it has, were it not for the help of many people, either with bug reports, -feature proposals, patches, or letters saying “Thanks!”. +feature proposals, patches, or letters saying "Thanks!". Special thanks goes to the following people (no particular order): - • Dan Harkless—contributed a lot of code and documentation of + • Dan Harkless--contributed a lot of code and documentation of extremely high quality, as well as the ‘--page-requisites’ and related options. He was the principal maintainer for some time and released Wget 1.6. - • Ian Abbott—contributed bug fixes, Windows-related fixes, and + • Ian Abbott--contributed bug fixes, Windows-related fixes, and provided a prototype implementation of the breadth-first recursive download. Co-maintained Wget during the 1.8 release cycle. - • The dotsrc.org crew, in particular Karsten Thygesen—donated system + • The dotsrc.org crew, in particular Karsten Thygesen--donated system resources such as the mailing list, web space, FTP space, and version control repositories, along with a lot of time to make these actually work. Christian Reiniger was of invaluable help with setting up Subversion. - • Heiko Herold—provided high-quality Windows builds and contributed + • Heiko Herold--provided high-quality Windows builds and contributed bug and build reports for many years. - • Shawn McHorse—bug reports and patches. + • Shawn McHorse--bug reports and patches. - • Kaveh R. Ghazi—on-the-fly ‘ansi2knr’-ization. Lots of portability + • Kaveh R. Ghazi--on-the-fly ‘ansi2knr’-ization. Lots of portability fixes. - • Gordon Matzigkeit—‘.netrc’ support. + • Gordon Matzigkeit--‘.netrc’ support. - • Zlatko Čalušić, Tomislav Vujec and Dražen Kačar—feature suggestions - and “philosophical” discussions. + • Zlatko Čalušić, Tomislav Vujec and Dražen Kačar--feature + suggestions and "philosophical" discussions. - • Darko Budor—initial port to Windows. + • Darko Budor--initial port to Windows. - • Antonio Rosella—help and suggestions, plus the initial Italian + • Antonio Rosella--help and suggestions, plus the initial Italian translation. - • Tomislav Petrović, Mario Mikočević—many bug reports and + • Tomislav Petrović, Mario Mikočević--many bug reports and suggestions. - • Françis Pinard—many thorough bug reports and discussions. + • Françis Pinard--many thorough bug reports and discussions. - • Karl Eichwalder—lots of help with internationalization, Makefile + • Karl Eichwalder--lots of help with internationalization, Makefile layout and many other things. - • Junio Hamano—donated support for Opie and HTTP ‘Digest’ + • Junio Hamano--donated support for Opie and HTTP ‘Digest’ authentication. - • Mauro Tortonesi—improved IPv6 support, adding support for dual + • Mauro Tortonesi--improved IPv6 support, adding support for dual family systems. Refactored and enhanced FTP IPv6 code. Maintained - GNU Wget from 2004–2007. + GNU Wget from 2004-2007. - • Christopher G. Lewis—maintenance of the Windows version of GNU + • Christopher G. Lewis--maintenance of the Windows version of GNU WGet. - • Gisle Vanem—many helpful patches and improvements, especially for + • Gisle Vanem--many helpful patches and improvements, especially for Windows and MS-DOS support. - • Ralf Wildenhues—contributed patches to convert Wget to use Automake - as part of its build process, and various bugfixes. + • Ralf Wildenhues--contributed patches to convert Wget to use + Automake as part of its build process, and various bugfixes. - • Steven Schubiger—Many helpful patches, bugfixes and improvements. + • Steven Schubiger--Many helpful patches, bugfixes and improvements. Notably, conversion of Wget to use the Gnulib quotes and quoteargs modules, and the addition of password prompts at the console, via the Gnulib getpasswd-gnu module. - • Ted Mielczarek—donated support for CSS. + • Ted Mielczarek--donated support for CSS. - • Saint Xavier—Support for IRIs (RFC 3987). + • Saint Xavier--Support for IRIs (RFC 3987). - • Tim Rühsen—Loads of helpful patches, especially fuzzing support and - Continuous Integration. Maintainer since 2014. + • Tim Rühsen--Loads of helpful patches, especially fuzzing support + and Continuous Integration. Maintainer since 2014. - • Darshit Shah—Many helpful patches. Community support on various + • Darshit Shah--Many helpful patches. Community support on various platforms. Maintainer since 2014. - • People who provided donations for development—including Brian + • People who provided donations for development--including Brian Gough. The following people have provided patches, bug/build reports, useful @@ -4258,7 +4258,7 @@ A.1 GNU Free Documentation License Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 - Copyright © 2000–2002, 2007–2008, 2015, 2018–2023 Free + Copyright © 2000-2002, 2007-2008, 2015, 2018-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/> @@ -4275,7 +4275,7 @@ A.1 GNU Free Documentation License author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others. - This License is a kind of “copyleft”, which means that derivative + This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software. @@ -4296,18 +4296,18 @@ A.1 GNU Free Documentation License be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The - “Document”, below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member - of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as “you”. You accept + "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member + of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under copyright law. - A “Modified Version” of the Document means any work containing the + A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another language. - A “Secondary Section” is a named appendix or a front-matter section + A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the - publishers or authors of the Document to the Document’s overall + publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not @@ -4316,7 +4316,7 @@ A.1 GNU Free Documentation License of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them. - The “Invariant Sections” are certain Secondary Sections whose + The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it @@ -4324,13 +4324,13 @@ A.1 GNU Free Documentation License contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none. - The “Cover Texts” are certain short passages of text that are + The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. - A “Transparent” copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, + A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is available to the general public, that is suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed @@ -4342,7 +4342,7 @@ A.1 GNU Free Documentation License been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is not - “Transparent” is called “Opaque”. + "Transparent" is called "Opaque". Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, @@ -4355,23 +4355,23 @@ A.1 GNU Free Documentation License the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output purposes only. - The “Title Page” means, for a printed book, the title page itself, + The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the title page. For - works in formats which do not have any title page as such, “Title - Page” means the text near the most prominent appearance of the - work’s title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text. + works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title + Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the + work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text. - The “publisher” means any person or entity that distributes copies + The "publisher" means any person or entity that distributes copies of the Document to the public. - A section “Entitled XYZ” means a named subunit of the Document + A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as - “Acknowledgements”, “Dedications”, “Endorsements”, or “History”.) - To “Preserve the Title” of such a section when you modify the - Document means that it remains a section “Entitled XYZ” according + "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) + To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the + Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition. The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice @@ -4401,7 +4401,7 @@ A.1 GNU Free Documentation License If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and - the Document’s license notice requires Cover Texts, you must + the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly @@ -4473,15 +4473,15 @@ A.1 GNU Free Documentation License the Addendum below. G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant - Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document’s + Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. H. Include an unaltered copy of this License. - I. Preserve the section Entitled “History”, Preserve its Title, + I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the - Title Page. If there is no section Entitled “History” in the + Title Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the @@ -4491,12 +4491,12 @@ A.1 GNU Free Documentation License for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the - “History” section. You may omit a network location for a work + "History" section. You may omit a network location for a work that was published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. - K. For any section Entitled “Acknowledgements” or “Dedications”, + K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein. @@ -4505,11 +4505,11 @@ A.1 GNU Free Documentation License in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. - M. Delete any section Entitled “Endorsements”. Such a section + M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be included in the Modified Version. N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled - “Endorsements” or to conflict in title with any Invariant + "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. @@ -4518,15 +4518,15 @@ A.1 GNU Free Documentation License appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their - titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version’s + titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. - You may add a section Entitled “Endorsements”, provided it contains + You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various - parties—for example, statements of peer review or that the text has - been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of - a standard. + parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text + has been approved by an organization as the authoritative + definition of a standard. You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of @@ -4564,10 +4564,10 @@ A.1 GNU Free Documentation License combined work. In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled - “History” in the various original documents, forming one section - Entitled “History”; likewise combine any sections Entitled - “Acknowledgements”, and any sections Entitled “Dedications”. You - must delete all sections Entitled “Endorsements.” + "History" in the various original documents, forming one section + Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled + "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You + must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements." 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS @@ -4588,16 +4588,16 @@ A.1 GNU Free Documentation License A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a - storage or distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the + storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the - legal rights of the compilation’s users beyond what the individual + legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Document. If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half - of the entire aggregate, the Document’s Cover Texts may be placed + of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket @@ -4619,8 +4619,8 @@ A.1 GNU Free Documentation License this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. - If a section in the Document is Entitled “Acknowledgements”, - “Dedications”, or “History”, the requirement (section 4) to + If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", + "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title. @@ -4661,7 +4661,7 @@ A.1 GNU Free Documentation License Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered - version of this License “or any later version” applies to it, you + version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the @@ -4669,29 +4669,29 @@ A.1 GNU Free Documentation License choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this License can be used, that - proxy’s public statement of acceptance of a version permanently + proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Document. 11. RELICENSING - “Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site” (or “MMC Site”) means any + "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. - A “Massive Multiauthor Collaboration” (or “MMC”) contained in the + A "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration" (or "MMC") contained in the site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC site. - “CC-BY-SA” means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 + "CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco, California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license published by that same organization. - “Incorporate” means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or + "Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or in part, as part of another Document. - An MMC is “eligible for relicensing” if it is licensed under this + An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this License, and if all works that were first published under this License somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover @@ -4718,7 +4718,7 @@ notices just after the title page: Free Documentation License''. If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover -Texts, replace the “with...Texts.” line with this: +Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this: with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts @@ -4742,12 +4742,12 @@ Concept Index * Menu: -* #wget: Internet Relay Chat. (line 6) * .css extension: HTTP Options. (line 10) * .html extension: HTTP Options. (line 10) * .listing files, removing: FTP Options. (line 21) * .netrc: Startup File. (line 6) * .wgetrc: Startup File. (line 6) +* #wget: Internet Relay Chat. (line 6) * accept directories: Directory-Based Limits. (line 17) * accept suffixes: Types of Files. (line 15) @@ -5034,59 +5034,59 @@ Concept Index Tag Table: -Node: Top755 -Node: Overview2096 -Node: Invoking5788 -Node: URL Format6648 -Ref: URL Format-Footnote-19327 -Node: Option Syntax9433 -Node: Basic Startup Options12211 -Node: Logging and Input File Options13069 -Node: Download Options18698 -Node: Directory Options48341 -Node: HTTP Options51192 -Node: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options71876 -Node: FTP Options85033 -Node: Recursive Retrieval Options92101 -Node: Recursive Accept/Reject Options102142 -Node: Exit Status106347 -Node: Recursive Download107382 -Node: Following Links110621 -Node: Spanning Hosts111587 -Node: Types of Files113856 -Node: Directory-Based Limits118750 -Node: Relative Links122017 -Node: FTP Links122867 -Node: Time-Stamping123758 -Node: Time-Stamping Usage125430 -Node: HTTP Time-Stamping Internals127301 -Ref: HTTP Time-Stamping Internals-Footnote-1128649 -Node: FTP Time-Stamping Internals128852 -Node: Startup File130339 -Node: Wgetrc Location131279 -Node: Wgetrc Syntax132133 -Node: Wgetrc Commands132898 -Node: Sample Wgetrc149491 -Node: Examples155519 -Node: Simple Usage155880 -Node: Advanced Usage157329 -Node: Very Advanced Usage161145 -Node: Various162689 -Node: Proxies163398 -Node: Distribution166355 -Node: Web Site166699 -Node: Mailing Lists166999 -Node: Internet Relay Chat168736 -Node: Reporting Bugs169031 -Node: Portability171757 -Node: Signals173404 -Node: Appendices174111 -Node: Robot Exclusion174459 -Node: Security Considerations178321 -Node: Contributors179531 -Node: Copying this manual185507 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License185747 -Node: Concept Index211110 +Node: Top745 +Node: Overview2074 +Node: Invoking5745 +Node: URL Format6605 +Ref: URL Format-Footnote-19280 +Node: Option Syntax9386 +Node: Basic Startup Options12159 +Node: Logging and Input File Options13015 +Node: Download Options18619 +Node: Directory Options48090 +Node: HTTP Options50935 +Node: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options71558 +Node: FTP Options84659 +Node: Recursive Retrieval Options91716 +Node: Recursive Accept/Reject Options101735 +Node: Exit Status105938 +Node: Recursive Download106970 +Node: Following Links110207 +Node: Spanning Hosts111173 +Node: Types of Files113433 +Node: Directory-Based Limits118317 +Node: Relative Links121571 +Node: FTP Links122417 +Node: Time-Stamping123308 +Node: Time-Stamping Usage124980 +Node: HTTP Time-Stamping Internals126851 +Ref: HTTP Time-Stamping Internals-Footnote-1128191 +Node: FTP Time-Stamping Internals128394 +Node: Startup File129880 +Node: Wgetrc Location130815 +Node: Wgetrc Syntax131663 +Node: Wgetrc Commands132428 +Node: Sample Wgetrc148962 +Node: Examples154989 +Node: Simple Usage155350 +Node: Advanced Usage156797 +Node: Very Advanced Usage160608 +Node: Various162144 +Node: Proxies162849 +Node: Distribution165804 +Node: Web Site166148 +Node: Mailing Lists166444 +Node: Internet Relay Chat168180 +Node: Reporting Bugs168475 +Node: Portability171192 +Node: Signals172835 +Node: Appendices173542 +Node: Robot Exclusion173888 +Node: Security Considerations177732 +Node: Contributors178936 +Node: Copying this manual184878 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License185118 +Node: Concept Index210274 End Tag Table |