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+/* Creation of subprocesses, communicating via pipes.
+ Copyright (C) 2001-2003, 2006, 2008-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ Written by Bruno Haible <haible@clisp.cons.org>, 2001.
+
+ This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
+
+#ifndef _SPAWN_PIPE_H
+#define _SPAWN_PIPE_H
+
+/* Get pid_t. */
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+
+/* All these functions create a subprocess and don't wait for its termination.
+ They return the process id of the subprocess. They also return in fd[]
+ one or two file descriptors for communication with the subprocess.
+ If the subprocess creation fails: if exit_on_error is true, the main
+ process exits with an error message; otherwise, an error message is given
+ if null_stderr is false, then -1 is returned, with errno set, and fd[]
+ remain uninitialized.
+
+ After finishing communication, the caller should call wait_subprocess()
+ to get rid of the subprocess in the process table.
+
+ progname is the name of the program to be executed by the subprocess, used
+ for error messages.
+ prog_path is the file name of the program to be executed by the subprocess.
+ If it contains no slashes, a search is conducted in $PATH. An operating
+ system dependent suffix is added, if necessary.
+ prog_argv is the array of strings that the subprocess shall receive in
+ argv[]. It is a NULL-terminated array. prog_argv[0] should normally be
+ identical to prog_path.
+
+ If directory is not NULL, the subprocess is started in that directory. If
+ prog_path is a relative file name, it resolved before changing to that
+ directory. The current directory of the current process remains unchanged.
+
+ If slave_process is true, the child process will be terminated when its
+ creator receives a catchable fatal signal or exits normally. If
+ slave_process is false, the child process will continue running in this
+ case, until it is lucky enough to attempt to communicate with its creator
+ and thus get a SIGPIPE signal.
+
+ If exit_on_error is false, a child process id of -1 should be treated the
+ same way as a subprocess which accepts no input, produces no output and
+ terminates with exit code 127. Why? Some errors during posix_spawnp()
+ cause the function posix_spawnp() to return an error code; some other
+ errors cause the subprocess to exit with return code 127. It is
+ implementation dependent which error is reported which way. The caller
+ must treat both cases as equivalent.
+
+ It is recommended that no signal is blocked or ignored (i.e. have a
+ signal handler with value SIG_IGN) while any of these functions is called.
+ The reason is that child processes inherit the mask of blocked signals
+ from their parent (both through posix_spawn() and fork()/exec());
+ likewise, signals ignored in the parent are also ignored in the child
+ (except possibly for SIGCHLD). And POSIX:2001 says [in the description
+ of exec()]:
+ "it should be noted that many existing applications wrongly
+ assume that they start with certain signals set to the default
+ action and/or unblocked. In particular, applications written
+ with a simpler signal model that does not include blocking of
+ signals, such as the one in the ISO C standard, may not behave
+ properly if invoked with some signals blocked. Therefore, it is
+ best not to block or ignore signals across execs without explicit
+ reason to do so, and especially not to block signals across execs
+ of arbitrary (not closely co-operating) programs." */
+
+/* Open a pipe for output to a child process.
+ * The child's stdout goes to a file.
+ *
+ * write system read
+ * parent -> fd[0] -> STDIN_FILENO -> child
+ *
+ * Note: When writing to a child process, it is useful to ignore the SIGPIPE
+ * signal and the EPIPE error code.
+ */
+extern pid_t create_pipe_out (const char *progname,
+ const char *prog_path,
+ const char * const *prog_argv,
+ const char *directory,
+ const char *prog_stdout, bool null_stderr,
+ bool slave_process, bool exit_on_error,
+ int fd[1]);
+
+/* Open a pipe for input from a child process.
+ * The child's stdin comes from a file.
+ *
+ * read system write
+ * parent <- fd[0] <- STDOUT_FILENO <- child
+ *
+ */
+extern pid_t create_pipe_in (const char *progname,
+ const char *prog_path,
+ const char * const *prog_argv,
+ const char *directory,
+ const char *prog_stdin, bool null_stderr,
+ bool slave_process, bool exit_on_error,
+ int fd[1]);
+
+/* Open a bidirectional pipe.
+ *
+ * write system read
+ * parent -> fd[1] -> STDIN_FILENO -> child
+ * parent <- fd[0] <- STDOUT_FILENO <- child
+ * read system write
+ *
+ * Note: When writing to a child process, it is useful to ignore the SIGPIPE
+ * signal and the EPIPE error code.
+ *
+ * Note: The parent process must be careful to avoid deadlock.
+ * 1) If you write more than PIPE_MAX bytes or, more generally, if you write
+ * more bytes than the subprocess can handle at once, the subprocess
+ * may write its data and wait on you to read it, but you are currently
+ * busy writing.
+ * 2) When you don't know ahead of time how many bytes the subprocess
+ * will produce, the usual technique of calling read (fd, buf, BUFSIZ)
+ * with a fixed BUFSIZ will, on Linux 2.2.17 and on BSD systems, cause
+ * the read() call to block until *all* of the buffer has been filled.
+ * But the subprocess cannot produce more data until you gave it more
+ * input. But you are currently busy reading from it.
+ */
+extern pid_t create_pipe_bidi (const char *progname,
+ const char *prog_path,
+ const char * const *prog_argv,
+ const char *directory,
+ bool null_stderr,
+ bool slave_process, bool exit_on_error,
+ int fd[2]);
+
+/* The name of the "always silent" device. */
+#if defined _WIN32 && ! defined __CYGWIN__
+/* Native Windows API. */
+# define DEV_NULL "NUL"
+#else
+/* Unix API. */
+# define DEV_NULL "/dev/null"
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+
+#endif /* _SPAWN_PIPE_H */