22 files changed, 13954 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/bin/dnssec/Makefile.am b/bin/dnssec/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32c4626
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/dnssec/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+include $(top_srcdir)/Makefile.top
+
+AM_CPPFLAGS +=			\
+	$(LIBISC_CFLAGS)	\
+	$(LIBDNS_CFLAGS)
+
+AM_CPPFLAGS +=			\
+	-DNAMED_CONFFILE=\"${sysconfdir}/named.conf\"
+
+noinst_LTLIBRARIES = libdnssectool.la
+
+LDADD +=			\
+	libdnssectool.la	\
+	$(LIBISC_LIBS)		\
+	$(LIBDNS_LIBS)
+
+bin_PROGRAMS = \
+	dnssec-cds		\
+	dnssec-dsfromkey	\
+	dnssec-importkey	\
+	dnssec-keyfromlabel	\
+	dnssec-keygen		\
+	dnssec-revoke		\
+	dnssec-settime		\
+	dnssec-signzone		\
+	dnssec-verify
+
+libdnssectool_la_SOURCES =	\
+	dnssectool.h		\
+	dnssectool.c
+
+dnssec_keygen_CPPFLAGS =	\
+	$(AM_CPPFLAGS)		\
+	$(LIBISCCFG_CFLAGS)
+
+dnssec_keygen_LDADD =		\
+	$(LDADD)		\
+	$(LIBISCCFG_LIBS)
diff --git a/bin/dnssec/Makefile.in b/bin/dnssec/Makefile.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..47c7352
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/dnssec/Makefile.in
@@ -0,0 +1,976 @@
+# Makefile.in generated by automake 1.16.5 from Makefile.am.
+# @configure_input@
+
+# Copyright (C) 1994-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This Makefile.in is free software; the Free Software Foundation
+# gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it,
+# with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law; without
+# even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
+# PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+@SET_MAKE@
+
+# Hey Emacs, this is -*- makefile-automake -*- file!
+# vim: filetype=automake
+
+
+VPATH = @srcdir@
+am__is_gnu_make = { \
+  if test -z '$(MAKELEVEL)'; then \
+    false; \
+  elif test -n '$(MAKE_HOST)'; then \
+    true; \
+  elif test -n '$(MAKE_VERSION)' && test -n '$(CURDIR)'; then \
+    true; \
+  else \
+    false; \
+  fi; \
+}
+am__make_running_with_option = \
+  case $${target_option-} in \
+      ?) ;; \
+      *) echo "am__make_running_with_option: internal error: invalid" \
+              "target option '$${target_option-}' specified" >&2; \
+         exit 1;; \
+  esac; \
+  has_opt=no; \
+  sane_makeflags=$$MAKEFLAGS; \
+  if $(am__is_gnu_make); then \
+    sane_makeflags=$$MFLAGS; \
+  else \
+    case $$MAKEFLAGS in \
+      *\\[\ \	]*) \
+        bs=\\; \
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+          | sed "s/$$bs$$bs[$$bs $$bs	]*//g"`;; \
+    esac; \
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+  skip_next=no; \
+  strip_trailopt () \
+  { \
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+    case $$flg in \
+      *=*|--*) continue;; \
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+      -*O?*) strip_trailopt 'O';; \
+        -*l) strip_trailopt 'l'; skip_next=yes;; \
+      -*l?*) strip_trailopt 'l';; \
+      -[dEDm]) skip_next=yes;; \
+      -[JT]) skip_next=yes;; \
+    esac; \
+    case $$flg in \
+      *$$target_option*) has_opt=yes; break;; \
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+am__make_dryrun = (target_option=n; $(am__make_running_with_option))
+am__make_keepgoing = (target_option=k; $(am__make_running_with_option))
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+transform = $(program_transform_name)
+NORMAL_INSTALL = :
+PRE_INSTALL = :
+POST_INSTALL = :
+NORMAL_UNINSTALL = :
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+host_triplet = @host@
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+@HOST_MACOS_TRUE@am__append_1 = \
+@HOST_MACOS_TRUE@	-Wl,-flat_namespace
+
+bin_PROGRAMS = dnssec-cds$(EXEEXT) dnssec-dsfromkey$(EXEEXT) \
+	dnssec-importkey$(EXEEXT) dnssec-keyfromlabel$(EXEEXT) \
+	dnssec-keygen$(EXEEXT) dnssec-revoke$(EXEEXT) \
+	dnssec-settime$(EXEEXT) dnssec-signzone$(EXEEXT) \
+	dnssec-verify$(EXEEXT)
+subdir = bin/dnssec
+ACLOCAL_M4 = $(top_srcdir)/aclocal.m4
+am__aclocal_m4_deps = $(top_srcdir)/m4/ax_check_compile_flag.m4 \
+	$(top_srcdir)/m4/ax_check_link_flag.m4 \
+	$(top_srcdir)/m4/ax_check_openssl.m4 \
+	$(top_srcdir)/m4/ax_gcc_func_attribute.m4 \
+	$(top_srcdir)/m4/ax_jemalloc.m4 \
+	$(top_srcdir)/m4/ax_lib_lmdb.m4 \
+	$(top_srcdir)/m4/ax_perl_module.m4 \
+	$(top_srcdir)/m4/ax_posix_shell.m4 \
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+	$(top_srcdir)/m4/ax_pthread.m4 \
+	$(top_srcdir)/m4/ax_python_module.m4 \
+	$(top_srcdir)/m4/ax_restore_flags.m4 \
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+am__configure_deps = $(am__aclocal_m4_deps) $(CONFIGURE_DEPENDENCIES) \
+	$(ACLOCAL_M4)
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+CONFIG_HEADER = $(top_builddir)/config.h
+CONFIG_CLEAN_FILES =
+CONFIG_CLEAN_VPATH_FILES =
+am__installdirs = "$(DESTDIR)$(bindir)"
+PROGRAMS = $(bin_PROGRAMS)
+LTLIBRARIES = $(noinst_LTLIBRARIES)
+libdnssectool_la_LIBADD =
+am_libdnssectool_la_OBJECTS = dnssectool.lo
+libdnssectool_la_OBJECTS = $(am_libdnssectool_la_OBJECTS)
+AM_V_lt = $(am__v_lt_@AM_V@)
+am__v_lt_ = $(am__v_lt_@AM_DEFAULT_V@)
+am__v_lt_0 = --silent
+am__v_lt_1 = 
+dnssec_cds_SOURCES = dnssec-cds.c
+dnssec_cds_OBJECTS = dnssec-cds.$(OBJEXT)
+dnssec_cds_LDADD = $(LDADD)
+dnssec_cds_DEPENDENCIES = libdnssectool.la $(LIBISC_LIBS) \
+	$(LIBDNS_LIBS)
+dnssec_dsfromkey_SOURCES = dnssec-dsfromkey.c
+dnssec_dsfromkey_OBJECTS = dnssec-dsfromkey.$(OBJEXT)
+dnssec_dsfromkey_LDADD = $(LDADD)
+dnssec_dsfromkey_DEPENDENCIES = libdnssectool.la $(LIBISC_LIBS) \
+	$(LIBDNS_LIBS)
+dnssec_importkey_SOURCES = dnssec-importkey.c
+dnssec_importkey_OBJECTS = dnssec-importkey.$(OBJEXT)
+dnssec_importkey_LDADD = $(LDADD)
+dnssec_importkey_DEPENDENCIES = libdnssectool.la $(LIBISC_LIBS) \
+	$(LIBDNS_LIBS)
+dnssec_keyfromlabel_SOURCES = dnssec-keyfromlabel.c
+dnssec_keyfromlabel_OBJECTS = dnssec-keyfromlabel.$(OBJEXT)
+dnssec_keyfromlabel_LDADD = $(LDADD)
+dnssec_keyfromlabel_DEPENDENCIES = libdnssectool.la $(LIBISC_LIBS) \
+	$(LIBDNS_LIBS)
+dnssec_keygen_SOURCES = dnssec-keygen.c
+dnssec_keygen_OBJECTS = dnssec_keygen-dnssec-keygen.$(OBJEXT)
+dnssec_keygen_DEPENDENCIES = $(LDADD) $(LIBISCCFG_LIBS)
+dnssec_revoke_SOURCES = dnssec-revoke.c
+dnssec_revoke_OBJECTS = dnssec-revoke.$(OBJEXT)
+dnssec_revoke_LDADD = $(LDADD)
+dnssec_revoke_DEPENDENCIES = libdnssectool.la $(LIBISC_LIBS) \
+	$(LIBDNS_LIBS)
+dnssec_settime_SOURCES = dnssec-settime.c
+dnssec_settime_OBJECTS = dnssec-settime.$(OBJEXT)
+dnssec_settime_LDADD = $(LDADD)
+dnssec_settime_DEPENDENCIES = libdnssectool.la $(LIBISC_LIBS) \
+	$(LIBDNS_LIBS)
+dnssec_signzone_SOURCES = dnssec-signzone.c
+dnssec_signzone_OBJECTS = dnssec-signzone.$(OBJEXT)
+dnssec_signzone_LDADD = $(LDADD)
+dnssec_signzone_DEPENDENCIES = libdnssectool.la $(LIBISC_LIBS) \
+	$(LIBDNS_LIBS)
+dnssec_verify_SOURCES = dnssec-verify.c
+dnssec_verify_OBJECTS = dnssec-verify.$(OBJEXT)
+dnssec_verify_LDADD = $(LDADD)
+dnssec_verify_DEPENDENCIES = libdnssectool.la $(LIBISC_LIBS) \
+	$(LIBDNS_LIBS)
+AM_V_P = $(am__v_P_@AM_V@)
+am__v_P_ = $(am__v_P_@AM_DEFAULT_V@)
+am__v_P_0 = false
+am__v_P_1 = :
+AM_V_GEN = $(am__v_GEN_@AM_V@)
+am__v_GEN_ = $(am__v_GEN_@AM_DEFAULT_V@)
+am__v_GEN_0 = @echo "  GEN     " $@;
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+am__maybe_remake_depfiles = depfiles
+am__depfiles_remade = ./$(DEPDIR)/dnssec-cds.Po \
+	./$(DEPDIR)/dnssec-dsfromkey.Po \
+	./$(DEPDIR)/dnssec-importkey.Po \
+	./$(DEPDIR)/dnssec-keyfromlabel.Po \
+	./$(DEPDIR)/dnssec-revoke.Po ./$(DEPDIR)/dnssec-settime.Po \
+	./$(DEPDIR)/dnssec-signzone.Po ./$(DEPDIR)/dnssec-verify.Po \
+	./$(DEPDIR)/dnssec_keygen-dnssec-keygen.Po \
+	./$(DEPDIR)/dnssectool.Plo
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+am__v_CCLD_1 = 
+SOURCES = $(libdnssectool_la_SOURCES) dnssec-cds.c dnssec-dsfromkey.c \
+	dnssec-importkey.c dnssec-keyfromlabel.c dnssec-keygen.c \
+	dnssec-revoke.c dnssec-settime.c dnssec-signzone.c \
+	dnssec-verify.c
+DIST_SOURCES = $(libdnssectool_la_SOURCES) dnssec-cds.c \
+	dnssec-dsfromkey.c dnssec-importkey.c dnssec-keyfromlabel.c \
+	dnssec-keygen.c dnssec-revoke.c dnssec-settime.c \
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+	-I$(top_srcdir)/lib/isc/include			\
+	-I$(top_builddir)/lib/isc/include
+
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+	-I$(top_srcdir)/lib/dns/include			\
+	-I$(top_builddir)/lib/dns/include
+
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+	$(top_builddir)/lib/dns/libdns.la
+
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+	-I$(top_srcdir)/lib/ns/include
+
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+	$(top_builddir)/lib/ns/libns.la
+
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+
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+
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+	$(top_builddir)/lib/isccfg/libisccfg.la
+
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+
+LIBISCCC_LIBS = \
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+
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+	$(AM_CPPFLAGS)		\
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+	$(LIBISCCFG_LIBS)
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+	done; \
+	echo ' cd $(top_srcdir) && $(AUTOMAKE) --foreign bin/dnssec/Makefile'; \
+	$(am__cd) $(top_srcdir) && \
+	  $(AUTOMAKE) --foreign bin/dnssec/Makefile
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+distclean: distclean-am
+		-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/dnssec-cds.Po
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/dnssec-dsfromkey.Po
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/dnssec-importkey.Po
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/dnssec-keyfromlabel.Po
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/dnssec-revoke.Po
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/dnssec-settime.Po
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/dnssec-signzone.Po
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/dnssec-verify.Po
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/dnssec_keygen-dnssec-keygen.Po
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/dnssectool.Plo
+	-rm -f Makefile
+distclean-am: clean-am distclean-compile distclean-generic \
+	distclean-tags
+
+doc: doc-am
+
+doc-am: doc-local
+
+dvi: dvi-am
+
+dvi-am:
+
+html: html-am
+
+html-am:
+
+info: info-am
+
+info-am:
+
+install-data-am:
+
+install-dvi: install-dvi-am
+
+install-dvi-am:
+
+install-exec-am: install-binPROGRAMS
+
+install-html: install-html-am
+
+install-html-am:
+
+install-info: install-info-am
+
+install-info-am:
+
+install-man:
+
+install-pdf: install-pdf-am
+
+install-pdf-am:
+
+install-ps: install-ps-am
+
+install-ps-am:
+
+installcheck-am:
+
+maintainer-clean: maintainer-clean-am
+		-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/dnssec-cds.Po
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/dnssec-dsfromkey.Po
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/dnssec-importkey.Po
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/dnssec-keyfromlabel.Po
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/dnssec-revoke.Po
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/dnssec-settime.Po
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/dnssec-signzone.Po
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/dnssec-verify.Po
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/dnssec_keygen-dnssec-keygen.Po
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/dnssectool.Plo
+	-rm -f Makefile
+maintainer-clean-am: distclean-am maintainer-clean-generic
+
+mostlyclean: mostlyclean-am
+
+mostlyclean-am: mostlyclean-compile mostlyclean-generic \
+	mostlyclean-libtool
+
+pdf: pdf-am
+
+pdf-am:
+
+ps: ps-am
+
+ps-am:
+
+test: test-am
+
+test-am: test-local
+
+uninstall-am: uninstall-binPROGRAMS
+
+unit: unit-am
+
+unit-am: unit-local
+
+.MAKE: install-am install-strip
+
+.PHONY: CTAGS GTAGS TAGS all all-am am--depfiles check check-am clean \
+	clean-binPROGRAMS clean-generic clean-libtool \
+	clean-noinstLTLIBRARIES cscopelist-am ctags ctags-am distclean \
+	distclean-compile distclean-generic distclean-libtool \
+	distclean-tags distdir doc-am doc-local dvi dvi-am html \
+	html-am info info-am install install-am install-binPROGRAMS \
+	install-data install-data-am install-dvi install-dvi-am \
+	install-exec install-exec-am install-html install-html-am \
+	install-info install-info-am install-man install-pdf \
+	install-pdf-am install-ps install-ps-am install-strip \
+	installcheck installcheck-am installdirs maintainer-clean \
+	maintainer-clean-generic mostlyclean mostlyclean-compile \
+	mostlyclean-generic mostlyclean-libtool pdf pdf-am ps ps-am \
+	tags tags-am test-am test-local uninstall uninstall-am \
+	uninstall-binPROGRAMS unit-am unit-local
+
+.PRECIOUS: Makefile
+
+
+# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables.
+# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded.
+.NOEXPORT:
diff --git a/bin/dnssec/dnssec-cds.c b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-cds.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..06b1f8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-cds.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1361 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+ *
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, you can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ *
+ * See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+ * information regarding copyright ownership.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Written by Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at> <fanf2@cam.ac.uk>
+ * at Cambridge University Information Services
+ */
+
+/*! \file */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include <isc/attributes.h>
+#include <isc/buffer.h>
+#include <isc/commandline.h>
+#include <isc/dir.h>
+#include <isc/file.h>
+#include <isc/hash.h>
+#include <isc/mem.h>
+#include <isc/print.h>
+#include <isc/result.h>
+#include <isc/serial.h>
+#include <isc/string.h>
+#include <isc/time.h>
+#include <isc/util.h>
+
+#include <dns/callbacks.h>
+#include <dns/db.h>
+#include <dns/dbiterator.h>
+#include <dns/dnssec.h>
+#include <dns/ds.h>
+#include <dns/fixedname.h>
+#include <dns/keyvalues.h>
+#include <dns/log.h>
+#include <dns/master.h>
+#include <dns/name.h>
+#include <dns/rdata.h>
+#include <dns/rdataclass.h>
+#include <dns/rdatalist.h>
+#include <dns/rdataset.h>
+#include <dns/rdatasetiter.h>
+#include <dns/rdatatype.h>
+#include <dns/time.h>
+
+#include <dst/dst.h>
+
+#include "dnssectool.h"
+
+const char *program = "dnssec-cds";
+
+/*
+ * Infrastructure
+ */
+static isc_log_t *lctx = NULL;
+static isc_mem_t *mctx = NULL;
+
+/*
+ * The domain we are working on
+ */
+static const char *namestr = NULL;
+static dns_fixedname_t fixed;
+static dns_name_t *name = NULL;
+static dns_rdataclass_t rdclass = dns_rdataclass_in;
+
+static const char *startstr = NULL; /* from which we derive notbefore */
+static isc_stdtime_t notbefore = 0; /* restrict sig inception times */
+static dns_rdata_rrsig_t oldestsig; /* for recording inception time */
+
+static int nkey; /* number of child zone DNSKEY records */
+
+/*
+ * The validation strategy of this program is top-down.
+ *
+ * We start with an implicitly trusted authoritative dsset.
+ *
+ * The child DNSKEY RRset is scanned to find out which keys are
+ * authenticated by DS records, and the result is recorded in a key
+ * table as described later in this comment.
+ *
+ * The key table is used up to three times to verify the signatures on
+ * the child DNSKEY, CDNSKEY, and CDS RRsets. In this program, only keys
+ * that have matching DS records are used for validating signatures.
+ *
+ * For replay attack protection, signatures are ignored if their inception
+ * time is before the previously recorded inception time. We use the earliest
+ * signature so that another run of dnssec-cds with the same records will
+ * still accept all the signatures.
+ *
+ * A key table is an array of nkey keyinfo structures, like
+ *
+ *	keyinfo_t key_tbl[nkey];
+ *
+ * Each key is decoded into more useful representations, held in
+ *	keyinfo->rdata
+ *	keyinfo->dst
+ *
+ * If a key has no matching DS record then keyinfo->dst is NULL.
+ *
+ * The key algorithm and ID are saved in keyinfo->algo and
+ * keyinfo->tag for quicky skipping DS and RRSIG records that can't
+ * match.
+ */
+typedef struct keyinfo {
+	dns_rdata_t rdata;
+	dst_key_t *dst;
+	dns_secalg_t algo;
+	dns_keytag_t tag;
+} keyinfo_t;
+
+/* A replaceable function that can generate a DS RRset from some input */
+typedef isc_result_t
+ds_maker_func_t(isc_buffer_t *buf, dns_rdata_t *ds, dns_dsdigest_t dt,
+		dns_rdata_t *crdata);
+
+static dns_rdataset_t cdnskey_set = DNS_RDATASET_INIT;
+static dns_rdataset_t cdnskey_sig = DNS_RDATASET_INIT;
+static dns_rdataset_t cds_set = DNS_RDATASET_INIT;
+static dns_rdataset_t cds_sig = DNS_RDATASET_INIT;
+static dns_rdataset_t dnskey_set = DNS_RDATASET_INIT;
+static dns_rdataset_t dnskey_sig = DNS_RDATASET_INIT;
+static dns_rdataset_t old_ds_set = DNS_RDATASET_INIT;
+static dns_rdataset_t new_ds_set = DNS_RDATASET_INIT;
+
+static keyinfo_t *old_key_tbl = NULL, *new_key_tbl = NULL;
+
+isc_buffer_t *new_ds_buf = NULL; /* backing store for new_ds_set */
+
+static dns_db_t *child_db = NULL;
+static dns_dbnode_t *child_node = NULL;
+static dns_db_t *parent_db = NULL;
+static dns_dbnode_t *parent_node = NULL;
+static dns_db_t *update_db = NULL;
+static dns_dbnode_t *update_node = NULL;
+static dns_dbversion_t *update_version = NULL;
+static bool cleanup_dst = false;
+static bool print_mem_stats = false;
+
+static void
+verbose_time(int level, const char *msg, isc_stdtime_t time) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	isc_buffer_t timebuf;
+	char timestr[32];
+
+	if (verbose < level) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	isc_buffer_init(&timebuf, timestr, sizeof(timestr));
+	result = dns_time64_totext(time, &timebuf);
+	check_result(result, "dns_time64_totext()");
+	isc_buffer_putuint8(&timebuf, 0);
+	if (verbose < 3) {
+		vbprintf(level, "%s %s\n", msg, timestr);
+	} else {
+		vbprintf(level, "%s %s (%" PRIu32 ")\n", msg, timestr, time);
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+initname(char *setname) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	isc_buffer_t buf;
+
+	name = dns_fixedname_initname(&fixed);
+	namestr = setname;
+
+	isc_buffer_init(&buf, setname, strlen(setname));
+	isc_buffer_add(&buf, strlen(setname));
+	result = dns_name_fromtext(name, &buf, dns_rootname, 0, NULL);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("could not initialize name %s", setname);
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+findset(dns_db_t *db, dns_dbnode_t *node, dns_rdatatype_t type,
+	dns_rdataset_t *rdataset, dns_rdataset_t *sigrdataset) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+
+	dns_rdataset_init(rdataset);
+	if (sigrdataset != NULL) {
+		dns_rdataset_init(sigrdataset);
+	}
+	result = dns_db_findrdataset(db, node, NULL, type, 0, 0, rdataset,
+				     sigrdataset);
+	if (result != ISC_R_NOTFOUND) {
+		check_result(result, "dns_db_findrdataset()");
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+freeset(dns_rdataset_t *rdataset) {
+	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(rdataset)) {
+		dns_rdataset_disassociate(rdataset);
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+freelist(dns_rdataset_t *rdataset) {
+	dns_rdatalist_t *rdlist;
+	dns_rdata_t *rdata;
+
+	if (!dns_rdataset_isassociated(rdataset)) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	dns_rdatalist_fromrdataset(rdataset, &rdlist);
+
+	for (rdata = ISC_LIST_HEAD(rdlist->rdata); rdata != NULL;
+	     rdata = ISC_LIST_HEAD(rdlist->rdata))
+	{
+		ISC_LIST_UNLINK(rdlist->rdata, rdata, link);
+		isc_mem_put(mctx, rdata, sizeof(*rdata));
+	}
+	isc_mem_put(mctx, rdlist, sizeof(*rdlist));
+	dns_rdataset_disassociate(rdataset);
+}
+
+static void
+free_all_sets(void) {
+	freeset(&cdnskey_set);
+	freeset(&cdnskey_sig);
+	freeset(&cds_set);
+	freeset(&cds_sig);
+	freeset(&dnskey_set);
+	freeset(&dnskey_sig);
+	freeset(&old_ds_set);
+	freelist(&new_ds_set);
+	if (new_ds_buf != NULL) {
+		isc_buffer_free(&new_ds_buf);
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+load_db(const char *filename, dns_db_t **dbp, dns_dbnode_t **nodep) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+
+	result = dns_db_create(mctx, "rbt", name, dns_dbtype_zone, rdclass, 0,
+			       NULL, dbp);
+	check_result(result, "dns_db_create()");
+
+	result = dns_db_load(*dbp, filename, dns_masterformat_text,
+			     DNS_MASTER_HINT);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS && result != DNS_R_SEENINCLUDE) {
+		fatal("can't load %s: %s", filename, isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+
+	result = dns_db_findnode(*dbp, name, false, nodep);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("can't find %s node in %s", namestr, filename);
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+free_db(dns_db_t **dbp, dns_dbnode_t **nodep, dns_dbversion_t **versionp) {
+	if (*dbp != NULL) {
+		if (*nodep != NULL) {
+			dns_db_detachnode(*dbp, nodep);
+		}
+		if (versionp != NULL && *versionp != NULL) {
+			dns_db_closeversion(*dbp, versionp, false);
+		}
+		dns_db_detach(dbp);
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+load_child_sets(const char *file) {
+	load_db(file, &child_db, &child_node);
+	findset(child_db, child_node, dns_rdatatype_dnskey, &dnskey_set,
+		&dnskey_sig);
+	findset(child_db, child_node, dns_rdatatype_cdnskey, &cdnskey_set,
+		&cdnskey_sig);
+	findset(child_db, child_node, dns_rdatatype_cds, &cds_set, &cds_sig);
+	free_db(&child_db, &child_node, NULL);
+}
+
+static void
+get_dsset_name(char *filename, size_t size, const char *path,
+	       const char *suffix) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	isc_buffer_t buf;
+	size_t len;
+
+	isc_buffer_init(&buf, filename, size);
+
+	len = strlen(path);
+
+	/* allow room for a trailing slash */
+	if (isc_buffer_availablelength(&buf) <= len) {
+		fatal("%s: pathname too long", path);
+	}
+	isc_buffer_putstr(&buf, path);
+
+	if (isc_file_isdirectory(path) == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		const char *prefix = "dsset-";
+
+		if (path[len - 1] != '/') {
+			isc_buffer_putstr(&buf, "/");
+		}
+
+		if (isc_buffer_availablelength(&buf) < strlen(prefix)) {
+			fatal("%s: pathname too long", path);
+		}
+		isc_buffer_putstr(&buf, prefix);
+
+		result = dns_name_tofilenametext(name, false, &buf);
+		check_result(result, "dns_name_tofilenametext()");
+		if (isc_buffer_availablelength(&buf) == 0) {
+			fatal("%s: pathname too long", path);
+		}
+	}
+	/* allow room for a trailing nul */
+	if (isc_buffer_availablelength(&buf) <= strlen(suffix)) {
+		fatal("%s: pathname too long", path);
+	}
+	isc_buffer_putstr(&buf, suffix);
+	isc_buffer_putuint8(&buf, 0);
+}
+
+static void
+load_parent_set(const char *path) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	isc_time_t modtime;
+	char filename[PATH_MAX + 1];
+
+	get_dsset_name(filename, sizeof(filename), path, "");
+
+	result = isc_file_getmodtime(filename, &modtime);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("could not get modification time of %s: %s", filename,
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+	notbefore = isc_time_seconds(&modtime);
+	if (startstr != NULL) {
+		isc_stdtime_t now;
+		isc_stdtime_get(&now);
+		notbefore = strtotime(startstr, now, notbefore, NULL);
+	}
+	verbose_time(1, "child records must not be signed before", notbefore);
+
+	load_db(filename, &parent_db, &parent_node);
+	findset(parent_db, parent_node, dns_rdatatype_ds, &old_ds_set, NULL);
+
+	if (!dns_rdataset_isassociated(&old_ds_set)) {
+		fatal("could not find DS records for %s in %s", namestr,
+		      filename);
+	}
+
+	free_db(&parent_db, &parent_node, NULL);
+}
+
+#define MAX_CDS_RDATA_TEXT_SIZE DNS_RDATA_MAXLENGTH * 2
+
+static isc_buffer_t *
+formatset(dns_rdataset_t *rdataset) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	isc_buffer_t *buf = NULL;
+	dns_master_style_t *style = NULL;
+	unsigned int styleflags;
+
+	styleflags = (rdataset->ttl == 0) ? DNS_STYLEFLAG_NO_TTL : 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * This style is for consistency with the output of dnssec-dsfromkey
+	 * which just separates fields with spaces. The huge tab stop width
+	 * eliminates any tab characters.
+	 */
+	result = dns_master_stylecreate(&style, styleflags, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+					1000000, 0, mctx);
+	check_result(result, "dns_master_stylecreate2 failed");
+
+	isc_buffer_allocate(mctx, &buf, MAX_CDS_RDATA_TEXT_SIZE);
+	result = dns_master_rdatasettotext(name, rdataset, style, NULL, buf);
+	dns_master_styledestroy(&style, mctx);
+
+	if ((result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) && isc_buffer_availablelength(buf) < 1) {
+		result = ISC_R_NOSPACE;
+	}
+
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		isc_buffer_free(&buf);
+		check_result(result, "dns_rdataset_totext()");
+	}
+
+	isc_buffer_putuint8(buf, 0);
+	return (buf);
+}
+
+static void
+write_parent_set(const char *path, const char *inplace, bool nsupdate,
+		 dns_rdataset_t *rdataset) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	isc_buffer_t *buf = NULL;
+	isc_region_t r;
+	isc_time_t filetime;
+	char backname[PATH_MAX + 1];
+	char filename[PATH_MAX + 1];
+	char tmpname[PATH_MAX + 1];
+	FILE *fp = NULL;
+
+	if (nsupdate && inplace == NULL) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	buf = formatset(rdataset);
+	isc_buffer_usedregion(buf, &r);
+
+	/*
+	 * Try to ensure a write error doesn't make a zone go insecure!
+	 */
+	if (inplace == NULL) {
+		printf("%s", (char *)r.base);
+		isc_buffer_free(&buf);
+		if (fflush(stdout) == EOF) {
+			fatal("error writing to stdout: %s", strerror(errno));
+		}
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (inplace[0] != '\0') {
+		get_dsset_name(backname, sizeof(backname), path, inplace);
+	}
+	get_dsset_name(filename, sizeof(filename), path, "");
+	get_dsset_name(tmpname, sizeof(tmpname), path, "-XXXXXXXXXX");
+
+	result = isc_file_openunique(tmpname, &fp);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		isc_buffer_free(&buf);
+		fatal("open %s: %s", tmpname, isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+	fprintf(fp, "%s", (char *)r.base);
+	isc_buffer_free(&buf);
+	if (fclose(fp) == EOF) {
+		int err = errno;
+		isc_file_remove(tmpname);
+		fatal("error writing to %s: %s", tmpname, strerror(err));
+	}
+
+	isc_time_set(&filetime, oldestsig.timesigned, 0);
+	result = isc_file_settime(tmpname, &filetime);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		isc_file_remove(tmpname);
+		fatal("can't set modification time of %s: %s", tmpname,
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+
+	if (inplace[0] != '\0') {
+		isc_file_rename(filename, backname);
+	}
+	isc_file_rename(tmpname, filename);
+}
+
+typedef enum { LOOSE, TIGHT } strictness_t;
+
+/*
+ * Find out if any (C)DS record matches a particular (C)DNSKEY.
+ */
+static bool
+match_key_dsset(keyinfo_t *ki, dns_rdataset_t *dsset, strictness_t strictness) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	unsigned char dsbuf[DNS_DS_BUFFERSIZE];
+
+	for (result = dns_rdataset_first(dsset); result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
+	     result = dns_rdataset_next(dsset))
+	{
+		dns_rdata_ds_t ds;
+		dns_rdata_t dsrdata = DNS_RDATA_INIT;
+		dns_rdata_t newdsrdata = DNS_RDATA_INIT;
+		bool c;
+
+		dns_rdataset_current(dsset, &dsrdata);
+		result = dns_rdata_tostruct(&dsrdata, &ds, NULL);
+		check_result(result, "dns_rdata_tostruct(DS)");
+
+		if (ki->tag != ds.key_tag || ki->algo != ds.algorithm) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		result = dns_ds_buildrdata(name, &ki->rdata, ds.digest_type,
+					   dsbuf, &newdsrdata);
+		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			vbprintf(3,
+				 "dns_ds_buildrdata("
+				 "keytag=%d, algo=%d, digest=%d): %s\n",
+				 ds.key_tag, ds.algorithm, ds.digest_type,
+				 isc_result_totext(result));
+			continue;
+		}
+		/* allow for both DS and CDS */
+		c = dsrdata.type != dns_rdatatype_ds;
+		dsrdata.type = dns_rdatatype_ds;
+		if (dns_rdata_compare(&dsrdata, &newdsrdata) == 0) {
+			vbprintf(1, "found matching %s %d %d %d\n",
+				 c ? "CDS" : "DS", ds.key_tag, ds.algorithm,
+				 ds.digest_type);
+			return (true);
+		} else if (strictness == TIGHT) {
+			vbprintf(0,
+				 "key does not match %s %d %d %d "
+				 "when it looks like it should\n",
+				 c ? "CDS" : "DS", ds.key_tag, ds.algorithm,
+				 ds.digest_type);
+			return (false);
+		}
+	}
+
+	vbprintf(1, "no matching %s for %s %d %d\n",
+		 dsset->type == dns_rdatatype_cds ? "CDS" : "DS",
+		 ki->rdata.type == dns_rdatatype_cdnskey ? "CDNSKEY" : "DNSKEY",
+		 ki->tag, ki->algo);
+
+	return (false);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Find which (C)DNSKEY records match a (C)DS RRset.
+ * This creates a keyinfo_t key_tbl[nkey] array.
+ */
+static keyinfo_t *
+match_keyset_dsset(dns_rdataset_t *keyset, dns_rdataset_t *dsset,
+		   strictness_t strictness) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	keyinfo_t *keytable, *ki;
+	int i;
+
+	nkey = dns_rdataset_count(keyset);
+
+	keytable = isc_mem_get(mctx, sizeof(keyinfo_t) * nkey);
+
+	for (result = dns_rdataset_first(keyset), i = 0, ki = keytable;
+	     result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
+	     result = dns_rdataset_next(keyset), i++, ki++)
+	{
+		dns_rdata_dnskey_t dnskey;
+		dns_rdata_t *keyrdata;
+		isc_region_t r;
+
+		INSIST(i < nkey);
+		keyrdata = &ki->rdata;
+
+		dns_rdata_init(keyrdata);
+		dns_rdataset_current(keyset, keyrdata);
+
+		result = dns_rdata_tostruct(keyrdata, &dnskey, NULL);
+		check_result(result, "dns_rdata_tostruct(DNSKEY)");
+		ki->algo = dnskey.algorithm;
+
+		dns_rdata_toregion(keyrdata, &r);
+		ki->tag = dst_region_computeid(&r);
+
+		ki->dst = NULL;
+		if (!match_key_dsset(ki, dsset, strictness)) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		result = dns_dnssec_keyfromrdata(name, keyrdata, mctx,
+						 &ki->dst);
+		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			vbprintf(3,
+				 "dns_dnssec_keyfromrdata("
+				 "keytag=%d, algo=%d): %s\n",
+				 ki->tag, ki->algo, isc_result_totext(result));
+		}
+	}
+
+	return (keytable);
+}
+
+static void
+free_keytable(keyinfo_t **keytable_p) {
+	keyinfo_t *keytable = *keytable_p;
+	*keytable_p = NULL;
+	keyinfo_t *ki;
+	int i;
+
+	REQUIRE(keytable != NULL);
+
+	for (i = 0, ki = keytable; i < nkey; i++, ki++) {
+		if (ki->dst != NULL) {
+			dst_key_free(&ki->dst);
+		}
+	}
+
+	isc_mem_put(mctx, keytable, sizeof(keyinfo_t) * nkey);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Find out which keys have signed an RRset. Keys that do not match a
+ * DS record are skipped.
+ *
+ * The return value is an array with nkey elements, one for each key,
+ * either zero if the key was skipped or did not sign the RRset, or
+ * otherwise the key algorithm. This is used by the signature coverage
+ * check functions below.
+ */
+static dns_secalg_t *
+matching_sigs(keyinfo_t *keytbl, dns_rdataset_t *rdataset,
+	      dns_rdataset_t *sigset) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	dns_secalg_t *algo;
+	int i;
+
+	REQUIRE(keytbl != NULL);
+
+	algo = isc_mem_get(mctx, nkey);
+	memset(algo, 0, nkey);
+
+	for (result = dns_rdataset_first(sigset); result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
+	     result = dns_rdataset_next(sigset))
+	{
+		dns_rdata_t sigrdata = DNS_RDATA_INIT;
+		dns_rdata_rrsig_t sig;
+
+		dns_rdataset_current(sigset, &sigrdata);
+		result = dns_rdata_tostruct(&sigrdata, &sig, NULL);
+		check_result(result, "dns_rdata_tostruct(RRSIG)");
+
+		/*
+		 * Replay attack protection: check against current age limit
+		 */
+		if (isc_serial_lt(sig.timesigned, notbefore)) {
+			vbprintf(1, "skip RRSIG by key %d: too old\n",
+				 sig.keyid);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		for (i = 0; i < nkey; i++) {
+			keyinfo_t *ki = &keytbl[i];
+			if (sig.keyid != ki->tag || sig.algorithm != ki->algo ||
+			    !dns_name_equal(&sig.signer, name))
+			{
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (ki->dst == NULL) {
+				vbprintf(1,
+					 "skip RRSIG by key %d:"
+					 " no matching (C)DS\n",
+					 sig.keyid);
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			result = dns_dnssec_verify(name, rdataset, ki->dst,
+						   false, 0, mctx, &sigrdata,
+						   NULL);
+
+			if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS &&
+			    result != DNS_R_FROMWILDCARD)
+			{
+				vbprintf(1,
+					 "skip RRSIG by key %d:"
+					 " verification failed: %s\n",
+					 sig.keyid, isc_result_totext(result));
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			vbprintf(1, "found RRSIG by key %d\n", ki->tag);
+			algo[i] = sig.algorithm;
+
+			/*
+			 * Replay attack protection: work out next age limit,
+			 * only after the signature has been verified
+			 */
+			if (oldestsig.timesigned == 0 ||
+			    isc_serial_lt(sig.timesigned, oldestsig.timesigned))
+			{
+				verbose_time(2, "this is the oldest so far",
+					     sig.timesigned);
+				oldestsig = sig;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return (algo);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Consume the result of matching_sigs(). When checking records
+ * fetched from the child zone, any working signature is enough.
+ */
+static bool
+signed_loose(dns_secalg_t *algo) {
+	bool ok = false;
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < nkey; i++) {
+		if (algo[i] != 0) {
+			ok = true;
+		}
+	}
+	isc_mem_put(mctx, algo, nkey);
+	return (ok);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Consume the result of matching_sigs(). To ensure that the new DS
+ * RRset does not break the chain of trust to the DNSKEY RRset, every
+ * key algorithm in the DS RRset must have a signature in the DNSKEY
+ * RRset.
+ */
+static bool
+signed_strict(dns_rdataset_t *dsset, dns_secalg_t *algo) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	bool all_ok = true;
+
+	for (result = dns_rdataset_first(dsset); result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
+	     result = dns_rdataset_next(dsset))
+	{
+		dns_rdata_t dsrdata = DNS_RDATA_INIT;
+		dns_rdata_ds_t ds;
+		bool ds_ok;
+		int i;
+
+		dns_rdataset_current(dsset, &dsrdata);
+		result = dns_rdata_tostruct(&dsrdata, &ds, NULL);
+		check_result(result, "dns_rdata_tostruct(DS)");
+
+		ds_ok = false;
+		for (i = 0; i < nkey; i++) {
+			if (algo[i] == ds.algorithm) {
+				ds_ok = true;
+			}
+		}
+		if (!ds_ok) {
+			vbprintf(0,
+				 "missing signature for algorithm %d "
+				 "(key %d)\n",
+				 ds.algorithm, ds.key_tag);
+			all_ok = false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	isc_mem_put(mctx, algo, nkey);
+	return (all_ok);
+}
+
+/*
+ * This basically copies the rdata into the buffer, but going via the
+ * unpacked struct lets us change the rdatatype. (The dns_rdata_cds_t
+ * and dns_rdata_ds_t types are aliases.)
+ */
+static isc_result_t
+ds_from_cds(isc_buffer_t *buf, dns_rdata_t *rds, dns_dsdigest_t dt,
+	    dns_rdata_t *cds) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	dns_rdata_ds_t ds;
+
+	REQUIRE(buf != NULL);
+
+	result = dns_rdata_tostruct(cds, &ds, NULL);
+	check_result(result, "dns_rdata_tostruct(CDS)");
+	ds.common.rdtype = dns_rdatatype_ds;
+
+	if (ds.digest_type != dt) {
+		return (ISC_R_IGNORE);
+	}
+
+	return (dns_rdata_fromstruct(rds, rdclass, dns_rdatatype_ds, &ds, buf));
+}
+
+static isc_result_t
+ds_from_cdnskey(isc_buffer_t *buf, dns_rdata_t *ds, dns_dsdigest_t dt,
+		dns_rdata_t *cdnskey) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	isc_region_t r;
+
+	REQUIRE(buf != NULL);
+
+	isc_buffer_availableregion(buf, &r);
+	if (r.length < DNS_DS_BUFFERSIZE) {
+		return (ISC_R_NOSPACE);
+	}
+
+	result = dns_ds_buildrdata(name, cdnskey, dt, r.base, ds);
+	if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		isc_buffer_add(buf, DNS_DS_BUFFERSIZE);
+	}
+
+	return (result);
+}
+
+static isc_result_t
+append_new_ds_set(ds_maker_func_t *ds_from_rdata, isc_buffer_t *buf,
+		  dns_rdatalist_t *dslist, dns_dsdigest_t dt,
+		  dns_rdataset_t *crdset) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+
+	for (result = dns_rdataset_first(crdset); result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
+	     result = dns_rdataset_next(crdset))
+	{
+		dns_rdata_t crdata = DNS_RDATA_INIT;
+		dns_rdata_t *ds = NULL;
+
+		dns_rdataset_current(crdset, &crdata);
+
+		ds = isc_mem_get(mctx, sizeof(*ds));
+		dns_rdata_init(ds);
+
+		result = ds_from_rdata(buf, ds, dt, &crdata);
+
+		switch (result) {
+		case ISC_R_SUCCESS:
+			ISC_LIST_APPEND(dslist->rdata, ds, link);
+			break;
+		case ISC_R_IGNORE:
+			isc_mem_put(mctx, ds, sizeof(*ds));
+			continue;
+		case ISC_R_NOSPACE:
+			isc_mem_put(mctx, ds, sizeof(*ds));
+			return (result);
+		default:
+			isc_mem_put(mctx, ds, sizeof(*ds));
+			check_result(result, "ds_from_rdata()");
+		}
+	}
+
+	return (ISC_R_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+static void
+make_new_ds_set(ds_maker_func_t *ds_from_rdata, uint32_t ttl,
+		dns_rdataset_t *crdset) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	dns_rdatalist_t *dslist;
+	unsigned int size = 16;
+	unsigned i, n;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		dslist = isc_mem_get(mctx, sizeof(*dslist));
+		dns_rdatalist_init(dslist);
+		dslist->rdclass = rdclass;
+		dslist->type = dns_rdatatype_ds;
+		dslist->ttl = ttl;
+
+		dns_rdataset_init(&new_ds_set);
+		result = dns_rdatalist_tordataset(dslist, &new_ds_set);
+		check_result(result, "dns_rdatalist_tordataset(dslist)");
+
+		isc_buffer_allocate(mctx, &new_ds_buf, size);
+
+		n = sizeof(dtype) / sizeof(dtype[0]);
+		for (i = 0; i < n && dtype[i] != 0; i++) {
+			result = append_new_ds_set(ds_from_rdata, new_ds_buf,
+						   dslist, dtype[i], crdset);
+			if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		vbprintf(2, "doubling DS list buffer size from %u\n", size);
+		freelist(&new_ds_set);
+		isc_buffer_free(&new_ds_buf);
+		size *= 2;
+	}
+}
+
+static int
+rdata_cmp(const void *rdata1, const void *rdata2) {
+	return (dns_rdata_compare((const dns_rdata_t *)rdata1,
+				  (const dns_rdata_t *)rdata2));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Ensure that every key identified by the DS RRset has the same set of
+ * digest types.
+ */
+static bool
+consistent_digests(dns_rdataset_t *dsset) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	dns_rdata_t *arrdata;
+	dns_rdata_ds_t *ds;
+	dns_keytag_t key_tag;
+	dns_secalg_t algorithm;
+	bool match;
+	int i, j, n, d;
+
+	/*
+	 * First sort the dsset. DS rdata fields are tag, algorithm,
+	 * digest, so sorting them brings together all the records for
+	 * each key.
+	 */
+
+	n = dns_rdataset_count(dsset);
+
+	arrdata = isc_mem_get(mctx, n * sizeof(dns_rdata_t));
+
+	for (result = dns_rdataset_first(dsset), i = 0; result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
+	     result = dns_rdataset_next(dsset), i++)
+	{
+		dns_rdata_init(&arrdata[i]);
+		dns_rdataset_current(dsset, &arrdata[i]);
+	}
+
+	qsort(arrdata, n, sizeof(dns_rdata_t), rdata_cmp);
+
+	/*
+	 * Convert sorted arrdata to more accessible format
+	 */
+	ds = isc_mem_get(mctx, n * sizeof(dns_rdata_ds_t));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		result = dns_rdata_tostruct(&arrdata[i], &ds[i], NULL);
+		check_result(result, "dns_rdata_tostruct(DS)");
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Count number of digest types (d) for first key
+	 */
+	key_tag = ds[0].key_tag;
+	algorithm = ds[0].algorithm;
+	for (d = 0, i = 0; i < n; i++, d++) {
+		if (ds[i].key_tag != key_tag || ds[i].algorithm != algorithm) {
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Check subsequent keys match the first one
+	 */
+	match = true;
+	while (i < n) {
+		key_tag = ds[i].key_tag;
+		algorithm = ds[i].algorithm;
+		for (j = 0; j < d && i + j < n; j++) {
+			if (ds[i + j].key_tag != key_tag ||
+			    ds[i + j].algorithm != algorithm ||
+			    ds[i + j].digest_type != ds[j].digest_type)
+			{
+				match = false;
+			}
+		}
+		i += d;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Done!
+	 */
+	isc_mem_put(mctx, ds, n * sizeof(dns_rdata_ds_t));
+	isc_mem_put(mctx, arrdata, n * sizeof(dns_rdata_t));
+
+	return (match);
+}
+
+static void
+print_diff(const char *cmd, dns_rdataset_t *rdataset) {
+	isc_buffer_t *buf;
+	isc_region_t r;
+	unsigned char *nl;
+	size_t len;
+
+	buf = formatset(rdataset);
+	isc_buffer_usedregion(buf, &r);
+
+	while ((nl = memchr(r.base, '\n', r.length)) != NULL) {
+		len = nl - r.base + 1;
+		printf("update %s %.*s", cmd, (int)len, (char *)r.base);
+		isc_region_consume(&r, len);
+	}
+
+	isc_buffer_free(&buf);
+}
+
+static void
+update_diff(const char *cmd, uint32_t ttl, dns_rdataset_t *addset,
+	    dns_rdataset_t *delset) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	dns_rdataset_t diffset;
+	uint32_t save;
+
+	result = dns_db_create(mctx, "rbt", name, dns_dbtype_zone, rdclass, 0,
+			       NULL, &update_db);
+	check_result(result, "dns_db_create()");
+
+	result = dns_db_newversion(update_db, &update_version);
+	check_result(result, "dns_db_newversion()");
+
+	result = dns_db_findnode(update_db, name, true, &update_node);
+	check_result(result, "dns_db_findnode()");
+
+	dns_rdataset_init(&diffset);
+
+	result = dns_db_addrdataset(update_db, update_node, update_version, 0,
+				    addset, DNS_DBADD_MERGE, NULL);
+	check_result(result, "dns_db_addrdataset()");
+
+	result = dns_db_subtractrdataset(update_db, update_node, update_version,
+					 delset, 0, &diffset);
+	if (result == DNS_R_UNCHANGED) {
+		save = addset->ttl;
+		addset->ttl = ttl;
+		print_diff(cmd, addset);
+		addset->ttl = save;
+	} else if (result != DNS_R_NXRRSET) {
+		check_result(result, "dns_db_subtractrdataset()");
+		diffset.ttl = ttl;
+		print_diff(cmd, &diffset);
+		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&diffset);
+	}
+
+	free_db(&update_db, &update_node, &update_version);
+}
+
+static void
+nsdiff(uint32_t ttl, dns_rdataset_t *oldset, dns_rdataset_t *newset) {
+	if (ttl == 0) {
+		vbprintf(1, "warning: no TTL in nsupdate script\n");
+	}
+	update_diff("add", ttl, newset, oldset);
+	update_diff("del", 0, oldset, newset);
+	if (verbose > 0) {
+		printf("show\nsend\nanswer\n");
+	} else {
+		printf("send\n");
+	}
+	if (fflush(stdout) == EOF) {
+		fatal("write stdout: %s", strerror(errno));
+	}
+}
+
+noreturn static void
+usage(void);
+
+static void
+usage(void) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "Usage:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr,
+		"    %s options [options] -f <file> -d <path> <domain>\n",
+		program);
+	fprintf(stderr, "Version: %s\n", PACKAGE_VERSION);
+	fprintf(stderr, "Options:\n"
+			"    -a <algorithm>     digest algorithm (SHA-1 / "
+			"SHA-256 / SHA-384)\n"
+			"    -c <class>         of domain (default IN)\n"
+			"    -D                 prefer CDNSKEY records instead "
+			"of CDS\n"
+			"    -d <file|dir>      where to find parent dsset- "
+			"file\n"
+			"    -f <file>          child DNSKEY+CDNSKEY+CDS+RRSIG "
+			"records\n"
+			"    -i[extension]      update dsset- file in place\n"
+			"    -s <start-time>    oldest permitted child "
+			"signatures\n"
+			"    -u                 emit nsupdate script\n"
+			"    -T <ttl>           TTL of DS records\n"
+			"    -V                 print version\n"
+			"    -v <verbosity>\n");
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+static void
+cleanup(void) {
+	free_db(&child_db, &child_node, NULL);
+	free_db(&parent_db, &parent_node, NULL);
+	free_db(&update_db, &update_node, &update_version);
+	if (old_key_tbl != NULL) {
+		free_keytable(&old_key_tbl);
+	}
+	if (new_key_tbl != NULL) {
+		free_keytable(&new_key_tbl);
+	}
+	free_all_sets();
+	if (lctx != NULL) {
+		cleanup_logging(&lctx);
+	}
+	if (cleanup_dst) {
+		dst_lib_destroy();
+	}
+	if (mctx != NULL) {
+		if (print_mem_stats && verbose > 10) {
+			isc_mem_stats(mctx, stdout);
+		}
+		isc_mem_destroy(&mctx);
+	}
+}
+
+int
+main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+	const char *child_path = NULL;
+	const char *ds_path = NULL;
+	const char *inplace = NULL;
+	isc_result_t result;
+	bool prefer_cdnskey = false;
+	bool nsupdate = false;
+	uint32_t ttl = 0;
+	int ch;
+	char *endp;
+
+	setfatalcallback(cleanup);
+
+	isc_mem_create(&mctx);
+
+	isc_commandline_errprint = false;
+
+#define OPTIONS "a:c:Dd:f:i:ms:T:uv:V"
+	while ((ch = isc_commandline_parse(argc, argv, OPTIONS)) != -1) {
+		switch (ch) {
+		case 'a':
+			add_dtype(strtodsdigest(isc_commandline_argument));
+			break;
+		case 'c':
+			rdclass = strtoclass(isc_commandline_argument);
+			break;
+		case 'D':
+			prefer_cdnskey = true;
+			break;
+		case 'd':
+			ds_path = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+		case 'f':
+			child_path = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+		case 'i':
+			/*
+			 * This is a bodge to make the argument
+			 * optional, so that it works just like sed(1).
+			 */
+			if (isc_commandline_argument ==
+			    argv[isc_commandline_index - 1])
+			{
+				isc_commandline_index--;
+				inplace = "";
+			} else {
+				inplace = isc_commandline_argument;
+			}
+			break;
+		case 'm':
+			isc_mem_debugging = ISC_MEM_DEBUGTRACE |
+					    ISC_MEM_DEBUGRECORD;
+			break;
+		case 's':
+			startstr = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+		case 'T':
+			ttl = strtottl(isc_commandline_argument);
+			break;
+		case 'u':
+			nsupdate = true;
+			break;
+		case 'V':
+			/* Does not return. */
+			version(program);
+			break;
+		case 'v':
+			verbose = strtoul(isc_commandline_argument, &endp, 0);
+			if (*endp != '\0') {
+				fatal("-v must be followed by a number");
+			}
+			break;
+		default:
+			usage();
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	argv += isc_commandline_index;
+	argc -= isc_commandline_index;
+
+	if (argc != 1) {
+		usage();
+	}
+	initname(argv[0]);
+
+	/*
+	 * Default digest type if none specified.
+	 */
+	if (dtype[0] == 0) {
+		dtype[0] = DNS_DSDIGEST_SHA256;
+	}
+
+	setup_logging(mctx, &lctx);
+
+	result = dst_lib_init(mctx, NULL);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("could not initialize dst: %s",
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+	cleanup_dst = true;
+
+	if (ds_path == NULL) {
+		fatal("missing -d DS pathname");
+	}
+	load_parent_set(ds_path);
+
+	/*
+	 * Preserve the TTL if it wasn't overridden.
+	 */
+	if (ttl == 0) {
+		ttl = old_ds_set.ttl;
+	}
+
+	if (child_path == NULL) {
+		fatal("path to file containing child data must be specified");
+	}
+
+	load_child_sets(child_path);
+
+	/*
+	 * Check child records have accompanying RRSIGs and DNSKEYs
+	 */
+
+	if (!dns_rdataset_isassociated(&dnskey_set) ||
+	    !dns_rdataset_isassociated(&dnskey_sig))
+	{
+		fatal("could not find signed DNSKEY RRset for %s", namestr);
+	}
+
+	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&cdnskey_set) &&
+	    !dns_rdataset_isassociated(&cdnskey_sig))
+	{
+		fatal("missing RRSIG CDNSKEY records for %s", namestr);
+	}
+	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&cds_set) &&
+	    !dns_rdataset_isassociated(&cds_sig))
+	{
+		fatal("missing RRSIG CDS records for %s", namestr);
+	}
+
+	vbprintf(1, "which child DNSKEY records match parent DS records?\n");
+	old_key_tbl = match_keyset_dsset(&dnskey_set, &old_ds_set, LOOSE);
+
+	/*
+	 * We have now identified the keys that are allowed to
+	 * authenticate the DNSKEY RRset (RFC 4035 section 5.2 bullet
+	 * 2), and CDNSKEY and CDS RRsets (RFC 7344 section 4.1 bullet
+	 * 2).
+	 */
+
+	vbprintf(1, "verify DNSKEY signature(s)\n");
+	if (!signed_loose(matching_sigs(old_key_tbl, &dnskey_set, &dnskey_sig)))
+	{
+		fatal("could not validate child DNSKEY RRset for %s", namestr);
+	}
+
+	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&cdnskey_set)) {
+		vbprintf(1, "verify CDNSKEY signature(s)\n");
+		if (!signed_loose(matching_sigs(old_key_tbl, &cdnskey_set,
+						&cdnskey_sig)))
+		{
+			fatal("could not validate child CDNSKEY RRset for %s",
+			      namestr);
+		}
+	}
+	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&cds_set)) {
+		vbprintf(1, "verify CDS signature(s)\n");
+		if (!signed_loose(
+			    matching_sigs(old_key_tbl, &cds_set, &cds_sig)))
+		{
+			fatal("could not validate child CDS RRset for %s",
+			      namestr);
+		}
+	}
+
+	free_keytable(&old_key_tbl);
+
+	/*
+	 * Report the result of the replay attack protection checks
+	 * used for the output file timestamp
+	 */
+	if (oldestsig.timesigned != 0 && verbose > 0) {
+		char type[32];
+		dns_rdatatype_format(oldestsig.covered, type, sizeof(type));
+		verbose_time(1, "child signature inception time",
+			     oldestsig.timesigned);
+		vbprintf(2, "from RRSIG %s by key %d\n", type, oldestsig.keyid);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Successfully do nothing if there's neither CDNSKEY nor CDS
+	 * RFC 7344 section 4.1 first paragraph
+	 */
+	if (!dns_rdataset_isassociated(&cdnskey_set) &&
+	    !dns_rdataset_isassociated(&cds_set))
+	{
+		vbprintf(1, "%s has neither CDS nor CDNSKEY records\n",
+			 namestr);
+		write_parent_set(ds_path, inplace, nsupdate, &old_ds_set);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Make DS records from the CDS or CDNSKEY records
+	 * Prefer CDS if present, unless run with -D
+	 */
+	if (prefer_cdnskey && dns_rdataset_isassociated(&cdnskey_set)) {
+		make_new_ds_set(ds_from_cdnskey, ttl, &cdnskey_set);
+	} else if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&cds_set)) {
+		make_new_ds_set(ds_from_cds, ttl, &cds_set);
+	} else {
+		make_new_ds_set(ds_from_cdnskey, ttl, &cdnskey_set);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Try to use CDNSKEY records if the CDS records are missing
+	 * or did not match.
+	 */
+	if (dns_rdataset_count(&new_ds_set) == 0 &&
+	    dns_rdataset_isassociated(&cdnskey_set))
+	{
+		vbprintf(1, "CDS records have no allowed digest types; "
+			    "using CDNSKEY instead\n");
+		freelist(&new_ds_set);
+		isc_buffer_free(&new_ds_buf);
+		make_new_ds_set(ds_from_cdnskey, ttl, &cdnskey_set);
+	}
+	if (dns_rdataset_count(&new_ds_set) == 0) {
+		fatal("CDS records at %s do not match any -a digest types",
+		      namestr);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Now we have a candidate DS RRset, we need to check it
+	 * won't break the delegation.
+	 */
+	vbprintf(1, "which child DNSKEY records match new DS records?\n");
+	new_key_tbl = match_keyset_dsset(&dnskey_set, &new_ds_set, TIGHT);
+
+	if (!consistent_digests(&new_ds_set)) {
+		fatal("CDS records at %s do not cover each key "
+		      "with the same set of digest types",
+		      namestr);
+	}
+
+	vbprintf(1, "verify DNSKEY signature(s)\n");
+	if (!signed_strict(&new_ds_set, matching_sigs(new_key_tbl, &dnskey_set,
+						      &dnskey_sig)))
+	{
+		fatal("could not validate child DNSKEY RRset "
+		      "with new DS records for %s",
+		      namestr);
+	}
+
+	free_keytable(&new_key_tbl);
+
+	/*
+	 * OK, it's all good!
+	 */
+	if (nsupdate) {
+		nsdiff(ttl, &old_ds_set, &new_ds_set);
+	}
+
+	write_parent_set(ds_path, inplace, nsupdate, &new_ds_set);
+
+cleanup:
+	print_mem_stats = true;
+	cleanup();
+	exit(0);
+}
diff --git a/bin/dnssec/dnssec-cds.rst b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-cds.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09960e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-cds.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+.. Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+..
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+..
+.. This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+.. License, v. 2.0.  If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+.. file, you can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+..
+.. See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+.. information regarding copyright ownership.
+
+.. highlight: console
+
+.. iscman:: dnssec-cds
+.. program:: dnssec-cds
+.. _man_dnssec-cds:
+
+dnssec-cds - change DS records for a child zone based on CDS/CDNSKEY
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Synopsis
+~~~~~~~~
+
+:program:`dnssec-cds` [**-a** alg...] [**-c** class] [**-D**] {**-d** dsset-file} {**-f** child-file} [**-i**[extension]] [**-s** start-time] [**-T** ttl] [**-u**] [**-v** level] [**-V**] {domain}
+
+Description
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The :program:`dnssec-cds` command changes DS records at a delegation point
+based on CDS or CDNSKEY records published in the child zone. If both CDS
+and CDNSKEY records are present in the child zone, the CDS is preferred.
+This enables a child zone to inform its parent of upcoming changes to
+its key-signing keys (KSKs); by polling periodically with :program:`dnssec-cds`, the
+parent can keep the DS records up-to-date and enable automatic rolling
+of KSKs.
+
+Two input files are required. The :option:`-f child-file <-f>` option specifies a
+file containing the child's CDS and/or CDNSKEY records, plus RRSIG and
+DNSKEY records so that they can be authenticated. The :option:`-d path <-d>` option
+specifies the location of a file containing the current DS records. For
+example, this could be a ``dsset-`` file generated by
+:iscman:`dnssec-signzone`, or the output of :iscman:`dnssec-dsfromkey`, or the
+output of a previous run of :program:`dnssec-cds`.
+
+The :program:`dnssec-cds` command uses special DNSSEC validation logic
+specified by :rfc:`7344`. It requires that the CDS and/or CDNSKEY records
+be validly signed by a key represented in the existing DS records. This
+is typically the pre-existing KSK.
+
+For protection against replay attacks, the signatures on the child
+records must not be older than they were on a previous run of
+:program:`dnssec-cds`. Their age is obtained from the modification time of the
+``dsset-`` file, or from the :option:`-s` option.
+
+To protect against breaking the delegation, :program:`dnssec-cds` ensures that
+the DNSKEY RRset can be verified by every key algorithm in the new DS
+RRset, and that the same set of keys are covered by every DS digest
+type.
+
+By default, replacement DS records are written to the standard output;
+with the :option:`-i` option the input file is overwritten in place. The
+replacement DS records are the same as the existing records, when no
+change is required. The output can be empty if the CDS/CDNSKEY records
+specify that the child zone wants to be insecure.
+
+.. warning::
+
+   Be careful not to delete the DS records when :program:`dnssec-cds` fails!
+
+Alternatively, :option`dnssec-cds -u` writes an :iscman:`nsupdate` script to the
+standard output. The :option:`-u` and :option:`-i` options can be used together to
+maintain a ``dsset-`` file as well as emit an :iscman:`nsupdate` script.
+
+Options
+~~~~~~~
+
+.. option:: -a algorithm
+
+   When converting CDS records to DS records, this option specifies
+   the acceptable digest algorithms. This option can be repeated, so
+   that multiple digest types are allowed. If none of the CDS records
+   use an acceptable digest type, :program:`dnssec-cds` will try to use CDNSKEY
+   records instead; if there are no CDNSKEY records, it reports an error.
+
+   When converting CDNSKEY records to DS records, this option specifies the
+   digest algorithm to use. It can be repeated, so that multiple DS records
+   are created for each CDNSKEY records.
+
+   The algorithm must be one of SHA-1, SHA-256, or SHA-384. These values
+   are case-insensitive, and the hyphen may be omitted. If no algorithm
+   is specified, the default is SHA-256 only.
+
+.. option:: -c class
+
+   This option specifies the DNS class of the zones.
+
+.. option:: -D
+
+   This option generates DS records from CDNSKEY records if both CDS and CDNSKEY
+   records are present in the child zone. By default CDS records are
+   preferred.
+
+.. option:: -d path
+
+   This specifies the location of the parent DS records. The path can be the name of a file
+   containing the DS records; if it is a directory, :program:`dnssec-cds`
+   looks for a ``dsset-`` file for the domain inside the directory.
+
+   To protect against replay attacks, child records are rejected if they
+   were signed earlier than the modification time of the ``dsset-``
+   file. This can be adjusted with the :option:`-s` option.
+
+.. option:: -f child-file
+
+   This option specifies the file containing the child's CDS and/or CDNSKEY records, plus its
+   DNSKEY records and the covering RRSIG records, so that they can be
+   authenticated.
+
+   The examples below describe how to generate this file.
+
+.. option:: -i extension
+
+   This option updates the ``dsset-`` file in place, instead of writing DS records to
+   the standard output.
+
+   There must be no space between the :option:`-i` and the extension. If
+   no extension is provided, the old ``dsset-`` is discarded. If an
+   extension is present, a backup of the old ``dsset-`` file is kept
+   with the extension appended to its filename.
+
+   To protect against replay attacks, the modification time of the
+   ``dsset-`` file is set to match the signature inception time of the
+   child records, provided that it is later than the file's current
+   modification time.
+
+.. option:: -s start-time
+
+   This option specifies the date and time after which RRSIG records become
+   acceptable. This can be either an absolute or a relative time. An
+   absolute start time is indicated by a number in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
+   notation; 20170827133700 denotes 13:37:00 UTC on August 27th, 2017. A
+   time relative to the ``dsset-`` file is indicated with ``-N``, which is N
+   seconds before the file modification time. A time relative to the
+   current time is indicated with ``now+N``.
+
+   If no start-time is specified, the modification time of the
+   ``dsset-`` file is used.
+
+.. option:: -T ttl
+
+   This option specifies a TTL to be used for new DS records. If not specified, the
+   default is the TTL of the old DS records. If they had no explicit TTL,
+   the new DS records also have no explicit TTL.
+
+.. option:: -u
+
+   This option writes an :iscman:`nsupdate` script to the standard output, instead of
+   printing the new DS reords. The output is empty if no change is
+   needed.
+
+   Note: The TTL of new records needs to be specified: it can be done in the
+   original ``dsset-`` file, with the :option:`-T` option, or using the
+   :iscman:`nsupdate` ``ttl`` command.
+
+.. option:: -V
+
+   This option prints version information.
+
+.. option:: -v level
+
+   This option sets the debugging level. Level 1 is intended to be usefully verbose
+   for general users; higher levels are intended for developers.
+
+``domain``
+   This indicates the name of the delegation point/child zone apex.
+
+Exit Status
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The :program:`dnssec-cds` command exits 0 on success, or non-zero if an error
+occurred.
+
+If successful, the DS records may or may not need to be
+changed.
+
+Examples
+~~~~~~~~
+
+Before running :iscman:`dnssec-signzone`, ensure that the delegations
+are up-to-date by running :program:`dnssec-cds` on every ``dsset-`` file.
+
+To fetch the child records required by :program:`dnssec-cds`, invoke
+:iscman:`dig` as in the script below. It is acceptable if the :iscman:`dig` fails, since
+:program:`dnssec-cds` performs all the necessary checking.
+
+::
+
+   for f in dsset-*
+   do
+       d=${f#dsset-}
+       dig +dnssec +noall +answer $d DNSKEY $d CDNSKEY $d CDS |
+       dnssec-cds -i -f /dev/stdin -d $f $d
+   done
+
+When the parent zone is automatically signed by :iscman:`named`,
+:program:`dnssec-cds` can be used with :iscman:`nsupdate` to maintain a delegation as follows.
+The ``dsset-`` file allows the script to avoid having to fetch and
+validate the parent DS records, and it maintains the replay attack
+protection time.
+
+::
+
+   dig +dnssec +noall +answer $d DNSKEY $d CDNSKEY $d CDS |
+   dnssec-cds -u -i -f /dev/stdin -d $f $d |
+   nsupdate -l
+
+See Also
+~~~~~~~~
+
+:iscman:`dig(1) <dig>`, :iscman:`dnssec-settime(8) <dnssec-settime>`, :iscman:`dnssec-signzone(8) <dnssec-signzone>`, :iscman:`nsupdate(1) <nsupdate>`, BIND 9 Administrator
+Reference Manual, :rfc:`7344`.
diff --git a/bin/dnssec/dnssec-dsfromkey.c b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-dsfromkey.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42aa9e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-dsfromkey.c
@@ -0,0 +1,561 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+ *
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, you can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ *
+ * See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+ * information regarding copyright ownership.
+ */
+
+/*! \file */
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include <isc/attributes.h>
+#include <isc/buffer.h>
+#include <isc/commandline.h>
+#include <isc/dir.h>
+#include <isc/hash.h>
+#include <isc/mem.h>
+#include <isc/print.h>
+#include <isc/result.h>
+#include <isc/string.h>
+#include <isc/util.h>
+
+#include <dns/callbacks.h>
+#include <dns/db.h>
+#include <dns/dbiterator.h>
+#include <dns/ds.h>
+#include <dns/fixedname.h>
+#include <dns/keyvalues.h>
+#include <dns/log.h>
+#include <dns/master.h>
+#include <dns/name.h>
+#include <dns/rdata.h>
+#include <dns/rdataclass.h>
+#include <dns/rdataset.h>
+#include <dns/rdatasetiter.h>
+#include <dns/rdatatype.h>
+
+#include <dst/dst.h>
+
+#include "dnssectool.h"
+
+const char *program = "dnssec-dsfromkey";
+
+static dns_rdataclass_t rdclass;
+static dns_fixedname_t fixed;
+static dns_name_t *name = NULL;
+static isc_mem_t *mctx = NULL;
+static uint32_t ttl;
+static bool emitttl = false;
+
+static isc_result_t
+initname(char *setname) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	isc_buffer_t buf;
+
+	name = dns_fixedname_initname(&fixed);
+
+	isc_buffer_init(&buf, setname, strlen(setname));
+	isc_buffer_add(&buf, strlen(setname));
+	result = dns_name_fromtext(name, &buf, dns_rootname, 0, NULL);
+	return (result);
+}
+
+static void
+db_load_from_stream(dns_db_t *db, FILE *fp) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	dns_rdatacallbacks_t callbacks;
+
+	dns_rdatacallbacks_init(&callbacks);
+	result = dns_db_beginload(db, &callbacks);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("dns_db_beginload failed: %s", isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+
+	result = dns_master_loadstream(fp, name, name, rdclass, 0, &callbacks,
+				       mctx);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("can't load from input: %s", isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+
+	result = dns_db_endload(db, &callbacks);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("dns_db_endload failed: %s", isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+}
+
+static isc_result_t
+loadset(const char *filename, dns_rdataset_t *rdataset) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	dns_db_t *db = NULL;
+	dns_dbnode_t *node = NULL;
+	char setname[DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE];
+
+	dns_name_format(name, setname, sizeof(setname));
+
+	result = dns_db_create(mctx, "rbt", name, dns_dbtype_zone, rdclass, 0,
+			       NULL, &db);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("can't create database");
+	}
+
+	if (strcmp(filename, "-") == 0) {
+		db_load_from_stream(db, stdin);
+		filename = "input";
+	} else {
+		result = dns_db_load(db, filename, dns_masterformat_text, 0);
+		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS && result != DNS_R_SEENINCLUDE) {
+			fatal("can't load %s: %s", filename,
+			      isc_result_totext(result));
+		}
+	}
+
+	result = dns_db_findnode(db, name, false, &node);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("can't find %s node in %s", setname, filename);
+	}
+
+	result = dns_db_findrdataset(db, node, NULL, dns_rdatatype_dnskey, 0, 0,
+				     rdataset, NULL);
+
+	if (result == ISC_R_NOTFOUND) {
+		fatal("no DNSKEY RR for %s in %s", setname, filename);
+	} else if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("dns_db_findrdataset");
+	}
+
+	if (node != NULL) {
+		dns_db_detachnode(db, &node);
+	}
+	if (db != NULL) {
+		dns_db_detach(&db);
+	}
+	return (result);
+}
+
+static isc_result_t
+loadkeyset(char *dirname, dns_rdataset_t *rdataset) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	char filename[PATH_MAX + 1];
+	isc_buffer_t buf;
+
+	dns_rdataset_init(rdataset);
+
+	isc_buffer_init(&buf, filename, sizeof(filename));
+	if (dirname != NULL) {
+		/* allow room for a trailing slash */
+		if (strlen(dirname) >= isc_buffer_availablelength(&buf)) {
+			return (ISC_R_NOSPACE);
+		}
+		isc_buffer_putstr(&buf, dirname);
+		if (dirname[strlen(dirname) - 1] != '/') {
+			isc_buffer_putstr(&buf, "/");
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (isc_buffer_availablelength(&buf) < 7) {
+		return (ISC_R_NOSPACE);
+	}
+	isc_buffer_putstr(&buf, "keyset-");
+
+	result = dns_name_tofilenametext(name, false, &buf);
+	check_result(result, "dns_name_tofilenametext()");
+	if (isc_buffer_availablelength(&buf) == 0) {
+		return (ISC_R_NOSPACE);
+	}
+	isc_buffer_putuint8(&buf, 0);
+
+	return (loadset(filename, rdataset));
+}
+
+static void
+loadkey(char *filename, unsigned char *key_buf, unsigned int key_buf_size,
+	dns_rdata_t *rdata) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	dst_key_t *key = NULL;
+	isc_buffer_t keyb;
+	isc_region_t r;
+
+	dns_rdata_init(rdata);
+
+	isc_buffer_init(&keyb, key_buf, key_buf_size);
+
+	result = dst_key_fromnamedfile(filename, NULL, DST_TYPE_PUBLIC, mctx,
+				       &key);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("can't load %s.key: %s", filename,
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+
+	if (verbose > 2) {
+		char keystr[DST_KEY_FORMATSIZE];
+
+		dst_key_format(key, keystr, sizeof(keystr));
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", program, keystr);
+	}
+
+	result = dst_key_todns(key, &keyb);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("can't decode key");
+	}
+
+	isc_buffer_usedregion(&keyb, &r);
+	dns_rdata_fromregion(rdata, dst_key_class(key), dns_rdatatype_dnskey,
+			     &r);
+
+	rdclass = dst_key_class(key);
+
+	name = dns_fixedname_initname(&fixed);
+	dns_name_copy(dst_key_name(key), name);
+
+	dst_key_free(&key);
+}
+
+static void
+logkey(dns_rdata_t *rdata) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	dst_key_t *key = NULL;
+	isc_buffer_t buf;
+	char keystr[DST_KEY_FORMATSIZE];
+
+	isc_buffer_init(&buf, rdata->data, rdata->length);
+	isc_buffer_add(&buf, rdata->length);
+	result = dst_key_fromdns(name, rdclass, &buf, mctx, &key);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	dst_key_format(key, keystr, sizeof(keystr));
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", program, keystr);
+
+	dst_key_free(&key);
+}
+
+static void
+emit(dns_dsdigest_t dt, bool showall, bool cds, dns_rdata_t *rdata) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	unsigned char buf[DNS_DS_BUFFERSIZE];
+	char text_buf[DST_KEY_MAXTEXTSIZE];
+	char name_buf[DNS_NAME_MAXWIRE];
+	char class_buf[10];
+	isc_buffer_t textb, nameb, classb;
+	isc_region_t r;
+	dns_rdata_t ds;
+	dns_rdata_dnskey_t dnskey;
+
+	isc_buffer_init(&textb, text_buf, sizeof(text_buf));
+	isc_buffer_init(&nameb, name_buf, sizeof(name_buf));
+	isc_buffer_init(&classb, class_buf, sizeof(class_buf));
+
+	dns_rdata_init(&ds);
+
+	result = dns_rdata_tostruct(rdata, &dnskey, NULL);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("can't convert DNSKEY");
+	}
+
+	if ((dnskey.flags & DNS_KEYFLAG_REVOKE) != 0) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if ((dnskey.flags & DNS_KEYFLAG_KSK) == 0 && !showall) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	result = dns_ds_buildrdata(name, rdata, dt, buf, &ds);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("can't build record");
+	}
+
+	result = dns_name_totext(name, false, &nameb);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("can't print name");
+	}
+
+	result = dns_rdata_tofmttext(&ds, (dns_name_t *)NULL, 0, 0, 0, "",
+				     &textb);
+
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("can't print rdata");
+	}
+
+	result = dns_rdataclass_totext(rdclass, &classb);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("can't print class");
+	}
+
+	isc_buffer_usedregion(&nameb, &r);
+	printf("%.*s ", (int)r.length, r.base);
+
+	if (emitttl) {
+		printf("%u ", ttl);
+	}
+
+	isc_buffer_usedregion(&classb, &r);
+	printf("%.*s", (int)r.length, r.base);
+
+	if (cds) {
+		printf(" CDS ");
+	} else {
+		printf(" DS ");
+	}
+
+	isc_buffer_usedregion(&textb, &r);
+	printf("%.*s\n", (int)r.length, r.base);
+}
+
+static void
+emits(bool showall, bool cds, dns_rdata_t *rdata) {
+	unsigned i, n;
+
+	n = sizeof(dtype) / sizeof(dtype[0]);
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		if (dtype[i] != 0) {
+			emit(dtype[i], showall, cds, rdata);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+noreturn static void
+usage(void);
+
+static void
+usage(void) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "Usage:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    %s [options] keyfile\n\n", program);
+	fprintf(stderr, "    %s [options] -f zonefile [zonename]\n\n", program);
+	fprintf(stderr, "    %s [options] -s dnsname\n\n", program);
+	fprintf(stderr, "    %s [-h|-V]\n\n", program);
+	fprintf(stderr, "Version: %s\n", PACKAGE_VERSION);
+	fprintf(stderr, "Options:\n"
+			"    -1: digest algorithm SHA-1\n"
+			"    -2: digest algorithm SHA-256\n"
+			"    -a algorithm: digest algorithm (SHA-1, SHA-256 or "
+			"SHA-384)\n"
+			"    -A: include all keys in DS set, not just KSKs (-f "
+			"only)\n"
+			"    -c class: rdata class for DS set (default IN) (-f "
+			"or -s only)\n"
+			"    -C: print CDS records\n"
+			"    -f zonefile: read keys from a zone file\n"
+			"    -h: print help information\n"
+			"    -K directory: where to find key or keyset files\n"
+			"    -s: read keys from keyset-<dnsname> file\n"
+			"    -T: TTL of output records (omitted by default)\n"
+			"    -v level: verbosity\n"
+			"    -V: print version information\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "Output: DS or CDS RRs\n");
+
+	exit(-1);
+}
+
+int
+main(int argc, char **argv) {
+	char *classname = NULL;
+	char *filename = NULL, *dir = NULL, *namestr;
+	char *endp, *arg1;
+	int ch;
+	bool cds = false;
+	bool usekeyset = false;
+	bool showall = false;
+	isc_result_t result;
+	isc_log_t *log = NULL;
+	dns_rdataset_t rdataset;
+	dns_rdata_t rdata;
+
+	dns_rdata_init(&rdata);
+
+	if (argc == 1) {
+		usage();
+	}
+
+	isc_mem_create(&mctx);
+
+	isc_commandline_errprint = false;
+
+#define OPTIONS "12Aa:Cc:d:Ff:K:l:sT:v:hV"
+	while ((ch = isc_commandline_parse(argc, argv, OPTIONS)) != -1) {
+		switch (ch) {
+		case '1':
+			add_dtype(DNS_DSDIGEST_SHA1);
+			break;
+		case '2':
+			add_dtype(DNS_DSDIGEST_SHA256);
+			break;
+		case 'A':
+			showall = true;
+			break;
+		case 'a':
+			add_dtype(strtodsdigest(isc_commandline_argument));
+			break;
+		case 'C':
+			cds = true;
+			break;
+		case 'c':
+			classname = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+		case 'd':
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"%s: the -d option is deprecated; "
+				"use -K\n",
+				program);
+		/* fall through */
+		case 'K':
+			dir = isc_commandline_argument;
+			if (strlen(dir) == 0U) {
+				fatal("directory must be non-empty string");
+			}
+			break;
+		case 'f':
+			filename = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+		case 'l':
+			fatal("-l option (DLV lookaside) is obsolete");
+			break;
+		case 's':
+			usekeyset = true;
+			break;
+		case 'T':
+			emitttl = true;
+			ttl = strtottl(isc_commandline_argument);
+			break;
+		case 'v':
+			verbose = strtol(isc_commandline_argument, &endp, 0);
+			if (*endp != '\0') {
+				fatal("-v must be followed by a number");
+			}
+			break;
+		case 'F':
+			/* Reserved for FIPS mode */
+			FALLTHROUGH;
+		case '?':
+			if (isc_commandline_option != '?') {
+				fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid argument -%c\n",
+					program, isc_commandline_option);
+			}
+			FALLTHROUGH;
+		case 'h':
+			/* Does not return. */
+			usage();
+
+		case 'V':
+			/* Does not return. */
+			version(program);
+
+		default:
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s: unhandled option -%c\n", program,
+				isc_commandline_option);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	rdclass = strtoclass(classname);
+
+	if (usekeyset && filename != NULL) {
+		fatal("cannot use both -s and -f");
+	}
+
+	/* When not using -f, -A is implicit */
+	if (filename == NULL) {
+		showall = true;
+	}
+
+	/* Default digest type if none specified. */
+	if (dtype[0] == 0) {
+		dtype[0] = DNS_DSDIGEST_SHA256;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Use local variable arg1 so that clang can correctly analyse
+	 * reachable paths rather than 'argc < isc_commandline_index + 1'.
+	 */
+	arg1 = argv[isc_commandline_index];
+	if (arg1 == NULL && filename == NULL) {
+		fatal("the key file name was not specified");
+	}
+	if (arg1 != NULL && argv[isc_commandline_index + 1] != NULL) {
+		fatal("extraneous arguments");
+	}
+
+	result = dst_lib_init(mctx, NULL);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("could not initialize dst: %s",
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+
+	setup_logging(mctx, &log);
+
+	dns_rdataset_init(&rdataset);
+
+	if (usekeyset || filename != NULL) {
+		if (arg1 == NULL) {
+			/* using file name as the zone name */
+			namestr = filename;
+		} else {
+			namestr = arg1;
+		}
+
+		result = initname(namestr);
+		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fatal("could not initialize name %s", namestr);
+		}
+
+		if (usekeyset) {
+			result = loadkeyset(dir, &rdataset);
+		} else {
+			INSIST(filename != NULL);
+			result = loadset(filename, &rdataset);
+		}
+
+		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fatal("could not load DNSKEY set: %s\n",
+			      isc_result_totext(result));
+		}
+
+		for (result = dns_rdataset_first(&rdataset);
+		     result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
+		     result = dns_rdataset_next(&rdataset))
+		{
+			dns_rdata_init(&rdata);
+			dns_rdataset_current(&rdataset, &rdata);
+
+			if (verbose > 2) {
+				logkey(&rdata);
+			}
+
+			emits(showall, cds, &rdata);
+		}
+	} else {
+		unsigned char key_buf[DST_KEY_MAXSIZE];
+
+		loadkey(arg1, key_buf, DST_KEY_MAXSIZE, &rdata);
+
+		emits(showall, cds, &rdata);
+	}
+
+	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&rdataset)) {
+		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&rdataset);
+	}
+	cleanup_logging(&log);
+	dst_lib_destroy();
+	if (verbose > 10) {
+		isc_mem_stats(mctx, stdout);
+	}
+	isc_mem_destroy(&mctx);
+
+	fflush(stdout);
+	if (ferror(stdout)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "write error\n");
+		return (1);
+	} else {
+		return (0);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/bin/dnssec/dnssec-dsfromkey.rst b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-dsfromkey.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ca025a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-dsfromkey.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+.. Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+..
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+..
+.. This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+.. License, v. 2.0.  If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+.. file, you can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+..
+.. See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+.. information regarding copyright ownership.
+
+.. highlight: console
+
+.. iscman:: dnssec-dsfromkey
+.. program:: dnssec-dsfromkey
+.. _man_dnssec-dsfromkey:
+
+dnssec-dsfromkey - DNSSEC DS RR generation tool
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+Synopsis
+~~~~~~~~
+
+:program:`dnssec-dsfromkey` [ **-1** | **-2** | **-a** alg ] [ **-C** ] [**-T** TTL] [**-v** level] [**-K** directory] {keyfile}
+
+:program:`dnssec-dsfromkey` [ **-1** | **-2** | **-a** alg ] [ **-C** ] [**-T** TTL] [**-v** level] [**-c** class] [**-A**] {**-f** file} [dnsname]
+
+:program:`dnssec-dsfromkey` [ **-1** | **-2** | **-a** alg ] [ **-C** ] [**-T** TTL] [**-v** level] [**-c** class] [**-K** directory] {**-s**} {dnsname}
+
+:program:`dnssec-dsfromkey` [ **-h** | **-V** ]
+
+Description
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The :program:`dnssec-dsfromkey` command outputs DS (Delegation Signer) resource records
+(RRs), or CDS (Child DS) RRs with the :option:`-C` option.
+
+By default, only KSKs are converted (keys with flags = 257).  The
+:option:`-A` option includes ZSKs (flags = 256).  Revoked keys are never
+included.
+
+The input keys can be specified in a number of ways:
+
+By default, :program:`dnssec-dsfromkey` reads a key file named in the format
+``Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii.key``, as generated by :iscman:`dnssec-keygen`.
+
+With the :option:`-f file <-f>` option, :program:`dnssec-dsfromkey` reads keys from a zone
+file or partial zone file (which can contain just the DNSKEY records).
+
+With the :option:`-s` option, :program:`dnssec-dsfromkey` reads a ``keyset-`` file,
+as generated by :iscman:`dnssec-keygen` :option:`-C`.
+
+Options
+~~~~~~~
+
+.. option:: -1
+
+   This option is an abbreviation for :option:`-a SHA1 <-a>`.
+
+.. option:: -2
+
+   This option is an abbreviation for :option:`-a SHA-256 <-a>`.
+
+.. option:: -a algorithm
+
+   This option specifies a digest algorithm to use when converting DNSKEY records to
+   DS records. This option can be repeated, so that multiple DS records
+   are created for each DNSKEY record.
+
+   The algorithm must be one of SHA-1, SHA-256, or SHA-384. These values
+   are case-insensitive, and the hyphen may be omitted. If no algorithm
+   is specified, the default is SHA-256.
+
+.. option:: -A
+
+   This option indicates that ZSKs are to be included when generating DS records. Without this option, only
+   keys which have the KSK flag set are converted to DS records and
+   printed. This option is only useful in :option:`-f` zone file mode.
+
+.. option:: -c class
+
+   This option specifies the DNS class; the default is IN. This option is only useful in :option:`-s` keyset
+   or :option:`-f` zone file mode.
+
+.. option:: -C
+
+   This option generates CDS records rather than DS records.
+
+.. option:: -f file
+
+   This option sets zone file mode, in which the final dnsname argument of :program:`dnssec-dsfromkey` is the
+   DNS domain name of a zone whose master file can be read from
+   ``file``. If the zone name is the same as ``file``, then it may be
+   omitted.
+
+   If ``file`` is ``-``, then the zone data is read from the standard
+   input. This makes it possible to use the output of the :iscman:`dig`
+   command as input, as in:
+
+   ``dig dnskey example.com | dnssec-dsfromkey -f - example.com``
+
+.. option:: -h
+
+   This option prints usage information.
+
+.. option:: -K directory
+
+   This option tells BIND 9 to look for key files or ``keyset-`` files in ``directory``.
+
+.. option:: -s
+
+   This option enables keyset mode, in which the final dnsname argument from :program:`dnssec-dsfromkey` is the DNS
+   domain name used to locate a ``keyset-`` file.
+
+.. option:: -T TTL
+
+   This option specifies the TTL of the DS records. By default the TTL is omitted.
+
+.. option:: -v level
+
+   This option sets the debugging level.
+
+.. option:: -V
+
+   This option prints version information.
+
+Example
+~~~~~~~
+
+To build the SHA-256 DS RR from the ``Kexample.com.+003+26160`` keyfile,
+issue the following command:
+
+``dnssec-dsfromkey -2 Kexample.com.+003+26160``
+
+The command returns something similar to:
+
+``example.com. IN DS 26160 5 2 3A1EADA7A74B8D0BA86726B0C227AA85AB8BBD2B2004F41A868A54F0C5EA0B94``
+
+Files
+~~~~~
+
+The keyfile can be designated by the key identification
+``Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii`` or the full file name ``Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii.key``, as
+generated by :iscman:`dnssec-keygen`.
+
+The keyset file name is built from the ``directory``, the string
+``keyset-``, and the ``dnsname``.
+
+Caveat
+~~~~~~
+
+A keyfile error may return "file not found," even if the file exists.
+
+See Also
+~~~~~~~~
+
+:iscman:`dnssec-keygen(8) <dnssec-keygen>`, :iscman:`dnssec-signzone(8) <dnssec-signzone>`, BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual,
+:rfc:`3658` (DS RRs), :rfc:`4509` (SHA-256 for DS RRs),
+:rfc:`6605` (SHA-384 for DS RRs), :rfc:`7344` (CDS and CDNSKEY RRs).
diff --git a/bin/dnssec/dnssec-importkey.c b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-importkey.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..441f7c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-importkey.c
@@ -0,0 +1,477 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+ *
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, you can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ *
+ * See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+ * information regarding copyright ownership.
+ */
+
+/*! \file */
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include <isc/attributes.h>
+#include <isc/buffer.h>
+#include <isc/commandline.h>
+#include <isc/hash.h>
+#include <isc/mem.h>
+#include <isc/print.h>
+#include <isc/result.h>
+#include <isc/string.h>
+#include <isc/util.h>
+
+#include <dns/callbacks.h>
+#include <dns/db.h>
+#include <dns/dbiterator.h>
+#include <dns/ds.h>
+#include <dns/fixedname.h>
+#include <dns/keyvalues.h>
+#include <dns/log.h>
+#include <dns/master.h>
+#include <dns/name.h>
+#include <dns/rdata.h>
+#include <dns/rdataclass.h>
+#include <dns/rdataset.h>
+#include <dns/rdatasetiter.h>
+#include <dns/rdatatype.h>
+
+#include <dst/dst.h>
+
+#include "dnssectool.h"
+
+const char *program = "dnssec-importkey";
+
+static dns_rdataclass_t rdclass;
+static dns_fixedname_t fixed;
+static dns_name_t *name = NULL;
+static isc_mem_t *mctx = NULL;
+static bool setpub = false, setdel = false;
+static bool setttl = false;
+static isc_stdtime_t pub = 0, del = 0;
+static dns_ttl_t ttl = 0;
+static isc_stdtime_t syncadd = 0, syncdel = 0;
+static bool setsyncadd = false;
+static bool setsyncdel = false;
+
+static isc_result_t
+initname(char *setname) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	isc_buffer_t buf;
+
+	name = dns_fixedname_initname(&fixed);
+
+	isc_buffer_init(&buf, setname, strlen(setname));
+	isc_buffer_add(&buf, strlen(setname));
+	result = dns_name_fromtext(name, &buf, dns_rootname, 0, NULL);
+	return (result);
+}
+
+static void
+db_load_from_stream(dns_db_t *db, FILE *fp) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	dns_rdatacallbacks_t callbacks;
+
+	dns_rdatacallbacks_init(&callbacks);
+	result = dns_db_beginload(db, &callbacks);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("dns_db_beginload failed: %s", isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+
+	result = dns_master_loadstream(fp, name, name, rdclass, 0, &callbacks,
+				       mctx);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("can't load from input: %s", isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+
+	result = dns_db_endload(db, &callbacks);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("dns_db_endload failed: %s", isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+}
+
+static isc_result_t
+loadset(const char *filename, dns_rdataset_t *rdataset) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	dns_db_t *db = NULL;
+	dns_dbnode_t *node = NULL;
+	char setname[DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE];
+
+	dns_name_format(name, setname, sizeof(setname));
+
+	result = dns_db_create(mctx, "rbt", name, dns_dbtype_zone, rdclass, 0,
+			       NULL, &db);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("can't create database");
+	}
+
+	if (strcmp(filename, "-") == 0) {
+		db_load_from_stream(db, stdin);
+		filename = "input";
+	} else {
+		result = dns_db_load(db, filename, dns_masterformat_text,
+				     DNS_MASTER_NOTTL);
+		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS && result != DNS_R_SEENINCLUDE) {
+			fatal("can't load %s: %s", filename,
+			      isc_result_totext(result));
+		}
+	}
+
+	result = dns_db_findnode(db, name, false, &node);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("can't find %s node in %s", setname, filename);
+	}
+
+	result = dns_db_findrdataset(db, node, NULL, dns_rdatatype_dnskey, 0, 0,
+				     rdataset, NULL);
+
+	if (result == ISC_R_NOTFOUND) {
+		fatal("no DNSKEY RR for %s in %s", setname, filename);
+	} else if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("dns_db_findrdataset");
+	}
+
+	if (node != NULL) {
+		dns_db_detachnode(db, &node);
+	}
+	if (db != NULL) {
+		dns_db_detach(&db);
+	}
+	return (result);
+}
+
+static void
+loadkey(char *filename, unsigned char *key_buf, unsigned int key_buf_size,
+	dns_rdata_t *rdata) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	dst_key_t *key = NULL;
+	isc_buffer_t keyb;
+	isc_region_t r;
+
+	dns_rdata_init(rdata);
+
+	isc_buffer_init(&keyb, key_buf, key_buf_size);
+
+	result = dst_key_fromnamedfile(filename, NULL, DST_TYPE_PUBLIC, mctx,
+				       &key);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("invalid keyfile name %s: %s", filename,
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+
+	if (verbose > 2) {
+		char keystr[DST_KEY_FORMATSIZE];
+
+		dst_key_format(key, keystr, sizeof(keystr));
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", program, keystr);
+	}
+
+	result = dst_key_todns(key, &keyb);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("can't decode key");
+	}
+
+	isc_buffer_usedregion(&keyb, &r);
+	dns_rdata_fromregion(rdata, dst_key_class(key), dns_rdatatype_dnskey,
+			     &r);
+
+	rdclass = dst_key_class(key);
+
+	name = dns_fixedname_initname(&fixed);
+	dns_name_copy(dst_key_name(key), name);
+
+	dst_key_free(&key);
+}
+
+static void
+emit(const char *dir, dns_rdata_t *rdata) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	char keystr[DST_KEY_FORMATSIZE];
+	char pubname[1024];
+	char priname[1024];
+	isc_buffer_t buf;
+	dst_key_t *key = NULL, *tmp = NULL;
+
+	isc_buffer_init(&buf, rdata->data, rdata->length);
+	isc_buffer_add(&buf, rdata->length);
+	result = dst_key_fromdns(name, rdclass, &buf, mctx, &key);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("dst_key_fromdns: %s", isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+
+	isc_buffer_init(&buf, pubname, sizeof(pubname));
+	result = dst_key_buildfilename(key, DST_TYPE_PUBLIC, dir, &buf);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("Failed to build public key filename: %s",
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+	isc_buffer_init(&buf, priname, sizeof(priname));
+	result = dst_key_buildfilename(key, DST_TYPE_PRIVATE, dir, &buf);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("Failed to build private key filename: %s",
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+
+	result = dst_key_fromfile(
+		dst_key_name(key), dst_key_id(key), dst_key_alg(key),
+		DST_TYPE_PUBLIC | DST_TYPE_PRIVATE, dir, mctx, &tmp);
+	if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		if (dst_key_isprivate(tmp) && !dst_key_isexternal(tmp)) {
+			fatal("Private key already exists in %s", priname);
+		}
+		dst_key_free(&tmp);
+	}
+
+	dst_key_setexternal(key, true);
+	if (setpub) {
+		dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_PUBLISH, pub);
+	}
+	if (setdel) {
+		dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_DELETE, del);
+	}
+	if (setsyncadd) {
+		dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_SYNCPUBLISH, syncadd);
+	}
+	if (setsyncdel) {
+		dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_SYNCDELETE, syncdel);
+	}
+
+	if (setttl) {
+		dst_key_setttl(key, ttl);
+	}
+
+	result = dst_key_tofile(key, DST_TYPE_PUBLIC | DST_TYPE_PRIVATE, dir);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		dst_key_format(key, keystr, sizeof(keystr));
+		fatal("Failed to write key %s: %s", keystr,
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+	printf("%s\n", pubname);
+
+	isc_buffer_clear(&buf);
+	result = dst_key_buildfilename(key, DST_TYPE_PRIVATE, dir, &buf);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("Failed to build private key filename: %s",
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+	printf("%s\n", priname);
+	dst_key_free(&key);
+}
+
+noreturn static void
+usage(void);
+
+static void
+usage(void) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "Usage:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    %s options [-K dir] keyfile\n\n", program);
+	fprintf(stderr, "    %s options -f file [keyname]\n\n", program);
+	fprintf(stderr, "Version: %s\n", PACKAGE_VERSION);
+	fprintf(stderr, "Options:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -f file: read key from zone file\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -K <directory>: directory in which to store "
+			"the key files\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -L ttl:             set default key TTL\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -v <verbose level>\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -V: print version information\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -h: print usage and exit\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "Timing options:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -P date/[+-]offset/none: set/unset key "
+			"publication date\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -P sync date/[+-]offset/none: set/unset "
+			"CDS and CDNSKEY publication date\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -D date/[+-]offset/none: set/unset key "
+			"deletion date\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -D sync date/[+-]offset/none: set/unset "
+			"CDS and CDNSKEY deletion date\n");
+
+	exit(-1);
+}
+
+int
+main(int argc, char **argv) {
+	char *classname = NULL;
+	char *filename = NULL, *dir = NULL, *namestr;
+	char *endp;
+	int ch;
+	isc_result_t result;
+	isc_log_t *log = NULL;
+	dns_rdataset_t rdataset;
+	dns_rdata_t rdata;
+	isc_stdtime_t now;
+
+	dns_rdata_init(&rdata);
+	isc_stdtime_get(&now);
+
+	if (argc == 1) {
+		usage();
+	}
+
+	isc_mem_create(&mctx);
+
+	isc_commandline_errprint = false;
+
+#define CMDLINE_FLAGS "D:f:hK:L:P:v:V"
+	while ((ch = isc_commandline_parse(argc, argv, CMDLINE_FLAGS)) != -1) {
+		switch (ch) {
+		case 'D':
+			/* -Dsync ? */
+			if (isoptarg("sync", argv, usage)) {
+				if (setsyncdel) {
+					fatal("-D sync specified more than "
+					      "once");
+				}
+
+				syncdel = strtotime(isc_commandline_argument,
+						    now, now, &setsyncdel);
+				break;
+			}
+			/* -Ddnskey ? */
+			(void)isoptarg("dnskey", argv, usage);
+			if (setdel) {
+				fatal("-D specified more than once");
+			}
+
+			del = strtotime(isc_commandline_argument, now, now,
+					&setdel);
+			break;
+		case 'K':
+			dir = isc_commandline_argument;
+			if (strlen(dir) == 0U) {
+				fatal("directory must be non-empty string");
+			}
+			break;
+		case 'L':
+			ttl = strtottl(isc_commandline_argument);
+			setttl = true;
+			break;
+		case 'P':
+			/* -Psync ? */
+			if (isoptarg("sync", argv, usage)) {
+				if (setsyncadd) {
+					fatal("-P sync specified more than "
+					      "once");
+				}
+
+				syncadd = strtotime(isc_commandline_argument,
+						    now, now, &setsyncadd);
+				break;
+			}
+			/* -Pdnskey ? */
+			(void)isoptarg("dnskey", argv, usage);
+			if (setpub) {
+				fatal("-P specified more than once");
+			}
+
+			pub = strtotime(isc_commandline_argument, now, now,
+					&setpub);
+			break;
+		case 'f':
+			filename = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+		case 'v':
+			verbose = strtol(isc_commandline_argument, &endp, 0);
+			if (*endp != '\0') {
+				fatal("-v must be followed by a number");
+			}
+			break;
+		case '?':
+			if (isc_commandline_option != '?') {
+				fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid argument -%c\n",
+					program, isc_commandline_option);
+			}
+			FALLTHROUGH;
+		case 'h':
+			/* Does not return. */
+			usage();
+
+		case 'V':
+			/* Does not return. */
+			version(program);
+
+		default:
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s: unhandled option -%c\n", program,
+				isc_commandline_option);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	rdclass = strtoclass(classname);
+
+	if (argc < isc_commandline_index + 1 && filename == NULL) {
+		fatal("the key file name was not specified");
+	}
+	if (argc > isc_commandline_index + 1) {
+		fatal("extraneous arguments");
+	}
+
+	result = dst_lib_init(mctx, NULL);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("could not initialize dst: %s",
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+
+	setup_logging(mctx, &log);
+
+	dns_rdataset_init(&rdataset);
+
+	if (filename != NULL) {
+		if (argc < isc_commandline_index + 1) {
+			/* using filename as zone name */
+			namestr = filename;
+		} else {
+			namestr = argv[isc_commandline_index];
+		}
+
+		result = initname(namestr);
+		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fatal("could not initialize name %s", namestr);
+		}
+
+		result = loadset(filename, &rdataset);
+
+		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fatal("could not load DNSKEY set: %s\n",
+			      isc_result_totext(result));
+		}
+
+		for (result = dns_rdataset_first(&rdataset);
+		     result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
+		     result = dns_rdataset_next(&rdataset))
+		{
+			dns_rdata_init(&rdata);
+			dns_rdataset_current(&rdataset, &rdata);
+			emit(dir, &rdata);
+		}
+	} else {
+		unsigned char key_buf[DST_KEY_MAXSIZE];
+
+		loadkey(argv[isc_commandline_index], key_buf, DST_KEY_MAXSIZE,
+			&rdata);
+
+		emit(dir, &rdata);
+	}
+
+	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&rdataset)) {
+		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&rdataset);
+	}
+	cleanup_logging(&log);
+	dst_lib_destroy();
+	if (verbose > 10) {
+		isc_mem_stats(mctx, stdout);
+	}
+	isc_mem_destroy(&mctx);
+
+	fflush(stdout);
+	if (ferror(stdout)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "write error\n");
+		return (1);
+	} else {
+		return (0);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/bin/dnssec/dnssec-importkey.rst b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-importkey.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f6a6b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-importkey.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+.. Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+..
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+..
+.. This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+.. License, v. 2.0.  If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+.. file, you can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+..
+.. See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+.. information regarding copyright ownership.
+
+.. highlight: console
+
+.. iscman:: dnssec-importkey
+.. program:: dnssec-importkey
+.. _man_dnssec-importkey:
+
+dnssec-importkey - import DNSKEY records from external systems so they can be managed
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Synopsis
+~~~~~~~~
+
+:program:`dnssec-importkey` [**-K** directory] [**-L** ttl] [**-P** date/offset] [**-P** sync date/offset] [**-D** date/offset] [**-D** sync date/offset] [**-h**] [**-v** level] [**-V**] {keyfile}
+
+:program:`dnssec-importkey` {**-f** filename} [**-K** directory] [**-L** ttl] [**-P** date/offset] [**-P** sync date/offset] [**-D** date/offset] [**-D** sync date/offset] [**-h**] [**-v** level] [**-V**] [dnsname]
+
+Description
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+:program:`dnssec-importkey` reads a public DNSKEY record and generates a pair
+of .key/.private files. The DNSKEY record may be read from an
+existing .key file, in which case a corresponding .private file is
+generated, or it may be read from any other file or from the standard
+input, in which case both .key and .private files are generated.
+
+The newly created .private file does *not* contain private key data, and
+cannot be used for signing. However, having a .private file makes it
+possible to set publication (:option:`-P`) and deletion (:option:`-D`) times for the
+key, which means the public key can be added to and removed from the
+DNSKEY RRset on schedule even if the true private key is stored offline.
+
+Options
+~~~~~~~
+
+.. option:: -f filename
+
+   This option indicates the zone file mode. Instead of a public keyfile name, the argument is the
+   DNS domain name of a zone master file, which can be read from
+   ``filename``. If the domain name is the same as ``filename``, then it may be
+   omitted.
+
+   If ``filename`` is set to ``"-"``, then the zone data is read from the
+   standard input.
+
+.. option:: -K directory
+
+   This option sets the directory in which the key files are to reside.
+
+.. option:: -L ttl
+
+   This option sets the default TTL to use for this key when it is converted into a
+   DNSKEY RR. This is the TTL used when the key is imported into a zone,
+   unless there was already a DNSKEY RRset in
+   place, in which case the existing TTL takes precedence. Setting the default TTL to ``0`` or ``none``
+   removes it from the key.
+
+.. option:: -h
+
+   This option emits a usage message and exits.
+
+.. option:: -v level
+
+   This option sets the debugging level.
+
+.. option:: -V
+
+   This option prints version information.
+
+Timing Options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Dates can be expressed in the format YYYYMMDD or YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.
+(which is the format used inside key files),
+or 'Day Mon DD HH:MM:SS YYYY' (as printed by ``dnssec-settime -p``),
+or UNIX epoch time (as printed by ``dnssec-settime -up``),
+or the literal ``now``.
+
+The argument can be followed by ``+`` or ``-`` and an offset from the
+given time. The literal ``now`` can be omitted before an offset. The
+offset can be followed by one of the suffixes ``y``, ``mo``, ``w``,
+``d``, ``h``, or ``mi``, so that it is computed in years (defined as
+365 24-hour days, ignoring leap years), months (defined as 30 24-hour
+days), weeks, days, hours, or minutes, respectively. Without a suffix,
+the offset is computed in seconds.
+
+To explicitly prevent a date from being set, use ``none``, ``never``,
+or ``unset``.
+
+All these formats are case-insensitive.
+
+.. option:: -P date/offset
+
+   This option sets the date on which a key is to be published to the zone. After
+   that date, the key is included in the zone but is not used
+   to sign it.
+
+   .. program:: dnssec-importkey -P
+   .. option:: sync date/offset
+
+      This option sets the date on which CDS and CDNSKEY records that match this key
+      are to be published to the zone.
+
+.. program:: dnssec-importkey
+
+.. option:: -D date/offset
+
+   This option sets the date on which the key is to be deleted. After that date, the
+   key is no longer included in the zone. (However, it may remain in the key
+   repository.)
+
+   .. program:: dnssec-importkey -D
+   .. option:: sync date/offset
+
+      This option sets the date on which the CDS and CDNSKEY records that match this
+      key are to be deleted.
+
+.. program:: dnssec-importkey
+
+
+Files
+~~~~~
+
+A keyfile can be designed by the key identification ``Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii``
+or the full file name ``Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii.key``, as generated by
+:iscman:`dnssec-keygen`.
+
+See Also
+~~~~~~~~
+
+:iscman:`dnssec-keygen(8) <dnssec-keygen>`, :iscman:`dnssec-signzone(8) <dnssec-signzone>`, BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual,
+:rfc:`5011`.
diff --git a/bin/dnssec/dnssec-keyfromlabel.c b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-keyfromlabel.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53ca718
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-keyfromlabel.c
@@ -0,0 +1,760 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+ *
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, you can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ *
+ * See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+ * information regarding copyright ownership.
+ */
+
+/*! \file */
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include <isc/attributes.h>
+#include <isc/buffer.h>
+#include <isc/commandline.h>
+#include <isc/mem.h>
+#include <isc/print.h>
+#include <isc/region.h>
+#include <isc/result.h>
+#include <isc/string.h>
+#include <isc/util.h>
+
+#include <dns/dnssec.h>
+#include <dns/fixedname.h>
+#include <dns/keyvalues.h>
+#include <dns/log.h>
+#include <dns/name.h>
+#include <dns/rdataclass.h>
+#include <dns/secalg.h>
+
+#include <dst/dst.h>
+
+#include "dnssectool.h"
+
+#define MAX_RSA 4096 /* should be long enough... */
+
+const char *program = "dnssec-keyfromlabel";
+
+noreturn static void
+usage(void);
+
+static void
+usage(void) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "Usage:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    %s -l label [options] name\n\n", program);
+	fprintf(stderr, "Version: %s\n", PACKAGE_VERSION);
+	fprintf(stderr, "Required options:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -l label: label of the key pair\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    name: owner of the key\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "Other options:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -a algorithm: \n"
+			"        DH | RSASHA1 |\n"
+			"        NSEC3RSASHA1 |\n"
+			"        RSASHA256 | RSASHA512 |\n"
+			"        ECDSAP256SHA256 | ECDSAP384SHA384 |\n"
+			"        ED25519 | ED448\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -3: use NSEC3-capable algorithm\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -c class (default: IN)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -E <engine>:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "        name of an OpenSSL engine to use\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -f keyflag: KSK | REVOKE\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -K directory: directory in which to place "
+			"key files\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -k: generate a TYPE=KEY key\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -L ttl: default key TTL\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -n nametype: ZONE | HOST | ENTITY | USER | "
+			"OTHER\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "        (DNSKEY generation defaults to ZONE\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -p protocol: default: 3 [dnssec]\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -t type: "
+			"AUTHCONF | NOAUTHCONF | NOAUTH | NOCONF "
+			"(default: AUTHCONF)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -y: permit keys that might collide\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -v verbose level\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -V: print version information\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "Date options:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -P date/[+-]offset: set key publication date\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -P sync date/[+-]offset: set CDS and CDNSKEY "
+			"publication date\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -A date/[+-]offset: set key activation date\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -R date/[+-]offset: set key revocation date\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -I date/[+-]offset: set key inactivation date\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -D date/[+-]offset: set key deletion date\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -D sync date/[+-]offset: set CDS and CDNSKEY "
+			"deletion date\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -G: generate key only; do not set -P or -A\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -C: generate a backward-compatible key, omitting"
+			" all dates\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -S <key>: generate a successor to an existing "
+			"key\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -i <interval>: prepublication interval for "
+			"successor key "
+			"(default: 30 days)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "Output:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "     K<name>+<alg>+<id>.key, "
+			"K<name>+<alg>+<id>.private\n");
+
+	exit(-1);
+}
+
+int
+main(int argc, char **argv) {
+	char *algname = NULL, *freeit = NULL;
+	char *nametype = NULL, *type = NULL;
+	const char *directory = NULL;
+	const char *predecessor = NULL;
+	dst_key_t *prevkey = NULL;
+	const char *engine = NULL;
+	char *classname = NULL;
+	char *endp;
+	dst_key_t *key = NULL;
+	dns_fixedname_t fname;
+	dns_name_t *name;
+	uint16_t flags = 0, kskflag = 0, revflag = 0;
+	dns_secalg_t alg;
+	bool oldstyle = false;
+	isc_mem_t *mctx = NULL;
+	int ch;
+	int protocol = -1, signatory = 0;
+	isc_result_t ret;
+	isc_textregion_t r;
+	char filename[255];
+	isc_buffer_t buf;
+	isc_log_t *log = NULL;
+	dns_rdataclass_t rdclass;
+	int options = DST_TYPE_PRIVATE | DST_TYPE_PUBLIC;
+	char *label = NULL;
+	dns_ttl_t ttl = 0;
+	isc_stdtime_t publish = 0, activate = 0, revoke = 0;
+	isc_stdtime_t inactive = 0, deltime = 0;
+	isc_stdtime_t now;
+	int prepub = -1;
+	bool setpub = false, setact = false;
+	bool setrev = false, setinact = false;
+	bool setdel = false, setttl = false;
+	bool unsetpub = false, unsetact = false;
+	bool unsetrev = false, unsetinact = false;
+	bool unsetdel = false;
+	bool genonly = false;
+	bool use_nsec3 = false;
+	bool avoid_collisions = true;
+	bool exact;
+	unsigned char c;
+	isc_stdtime_t syncadd = 0, syncdel = 0;
+	bool unsetsyncadd = false, setsyncadd = false;
+	bool unsetsyncdel = false, setsyncdel = false;
+
+	if (argc == 1) {
+		usage();
+	}
+
+	isc_mem_create(&mctx);
+
+	isc_commandline_errprint = false;
+
+	isc_stdtime_get(&now);
+
+#define CMDLINE_FLAGS "3A:a:Cc:D:E:Ff:GhI:i:kK:L:l:n:P:p:R:S:t:v:Vy"
+	while ((ch = isc_commandline_parse(argc, argv, CMDLINE_FLAGS)) != -1) {
+		switch (ch) {
+		case '3':
+			use_nsec3 = true;
+			break;
+		case 'a':
+			algname = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+		case 'C':
+			oldstyle = true;
+			break;
+		case 'c':
+			classname = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+		case 'E':
+			engine = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+		case 'f':
+			c = (unsigned char)(isc_commandline_argument[0]);
+			if (toupper(c) == 'K') {
+				kskflag = DNS_KEYFLAG_KSK;
+			} else if (toupper(c) == 'R') {
+				revflag = DNS_KEYFLAG_REVOKE;
+			} else {
+				fatal("unknown flag '%s'",
+				      isc_commandline_argument);
+			}
+			break;
+		case 'K':
+			directory = isc_commandline_argument;
+			ret = try_dir(directory);
+			if (ret != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+				fatal("cannot open directory %s: %s", directory,
+				      isc_result_totext(ret));
+			}
+			break;
+		case 'k':
+			options |= DST_TYPE_KEY;
+			break;
+		case 'L':
+			ttl = strtottl(isc_commandline_argument);
+			setttl = true;
+			break;
+		case 'l':
+			label = isc_mem_strdup(mctx, isc_commandline_argument);
+			break;
+		case 'n':
+			nametype = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+		case 'p':
+			protocol = strtol(isc_commandline_argument, &endp, 10);
+			if (*endp != '\0' || protocol < 0 || protocol > 255) {
+				fatal("-p must be followed by a number "
+				      "[0..255]");
+			}
+			break;
+		case 't':
+			type = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+		case 'v':
+			verbose = strtol(isc_commandline_argument, &endp, 0);
+			if (*endp != '\0') {
+				fatal("-v must be followed by a number");
+			}
+			break;
+		case 'y':
+			avoid_collisions = false;
+			break;
+		case 'G':
+			genonly = true;
+			break;
+		case 'P':
+			/* -Psync ? */
+			if (isoptarg("sync", argv, usage)) {
+				if (unsetsyncadd || setsyncadd) {
+					fatal("-P sync specified more than "
+					      "once");
+				}
+
+				syncadd = strtotime(isc_commandline_argument,
+						    now, now, &setsyncadd);
+				unsetsyncadd = !setsyncadd;
+				break;
+			}
+			/* -Pdnskey ? */
+			(void)isoptarg("dnskey", argv, usage);
+			if (setpub || unsetpub) {
+				fatal("-P specified more than once");
+			}
+
+			publish = strtotime(isc_commandline_argument, now, now,
+					    &setpub);
+			unsetpub = !setpub;
+			break;
+		case 'A':
+			if (setact || unsetact) {
+				fatal("-A specified more than once");
+			}
+
+			activate = strtotime(isc_commandline_argument, now, now,
+					     &setact);
+			unsetact = !setact;
+			break;
+		case 'R':
+			if (setrev || unsetrev) {
+				fatal("-R specified more than once");
+			}
+
+			revoke = strtotime(isc_commandline_argument, now, now,
+					   &setrev);
+			unsetrev = !setrev;
+			break;
+		case 'I':
+			if (setinact || unsetinact) {
+				fatal("-I specified more than once");
+			}
+
+			inactive = strtotime(isc_commandline_argument, now, now,
+					     &setinact);
+			unsetinact = !setinact;
+			break;
+		case 'D':
+			/* -Dsync ? */
+			if (isoptarg("sync", argv, usage)) {
+				if (unsetsyncdel || setsyncdel) {
+					fatal("-D sync specified more than "
+					      "once");
+				}
+
+				syncdel = strtotime(isc_commandline_argument,
+						    now, now, &setsyncdel);
+				unsetsyncdel = !setsyncdel;
+				break;
+			}
+			/* -Ddnskey ? */
+			(void)isoptarg("dnskey", argv, usage);
+			if (setdel || unsetdel) {
+				fatal("-D specified more than once");
+			}
+
+			deltime = strtotime(isc_commandline_argument, now, now,
+					    &setdel);
+			unsetdel = !setdel;
+			break;
+		case 'S':
+			predecessor = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+		case 'i':
+			prepub = strtottl(isc_commandline_argument);
+			break;
+		case 'F':
+			/* Reserved for FIPS mode */
+			FALLTHROUGH;
+		case '?':
+			if (isc_commandline_option != '?') {
+				fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid argument -%c\n",
+					program, isc_commandline_option);
+			}
+			FALLTHROUGH;
+		case 'h':
+			/* Does not return. */
+			usage();
+
+		case 'V':
+			/* Does not return. */
+			version(program);
+
+		default:
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s: unhandled option -%c\n", program,
+				isc_commandline_option);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	ret = dst_lib_init(mctx, engine);
+	if (ret != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("could not initialize dst: %s", isc_result_totext(ret));
+	}
+
+	setup_logging(mctx, &log);
+
+	if (predecessor == NULL) {
+		if (label == NULL) {
+			fatal("the key label was not specified");
+		}
+		if (argc < isc_commandline_index + 1) {
+			fatal("the key name was not specified");
+		}
+		if (argc > isc_commandline_index + 1) {
+			fatal("extraneous arguments");
+		}
+
+		name = dns_fixedname_initname(&fname);
+		isc_buffer_init(&buf, argv[isc_commandline_index],
+				strlen(argv[isc_commandline_index]));
+		isc_buffer_add(&buf, strlen(argv[isc_commandline_index]));
+		ret = dns_name_fromtext(name, &buf, dns_rootname, 0, NULL);
+		if (ret != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fatal("invalid key name %s: %s",
+			      argv[isc_commandline_index],
+			      isc_result_totext(ret));
+		}
+
+		if (strchr(label, ':') == NULL) {
+			char *l;
+			int len;
+
+			len = strlen(label) + 8;
+			l = isc_mem_allocate(mctx, len);
+			snprintf(l, len, "pkcs11:%s", label);
+			isc_mem_free(mctx, label);
+			label = l;
+		}
+
+		if (algname == NULL) {
+			fatal("no algorithm specified");
+		}
+
+		r.base = algname;
+		r.length = strlen(algname);
+		ret = dns_secalg_fromtext(&alg, &r);
+		if (ret != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fatal("unknown algorithm %s", algname);
+		}
+		if (alg == DST_ALG_DH) {
+			options |= DST_TYPE_KEY;
+		}
+
+		if (use_nsec3) {
+			switch (alg) {
+			case DST_ALG_RSASHA1:
+				alg = DST_ALG_NSEC3RSASHA1;
+				break;
+			case DST_ALG_NSEC3RSASHA1:
+			case DST_ALG_RSASHA256:
+			case DST_ALG_RSASHA512:
+			case DST_ALG_ECDSA256:
+			case DST_ALG_ECDSA384:
+			case DST_ALG_ED25519:
+			case DST_ALG_ED448:
+				break;
+			default:
+				fatal("%s is incompatible with NSEC3; "
+				      "do not use the -3 option",
+				      algname);
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (type != NULL && (options & DST_TYPE_KEY) != 0) {
+			if (strcasecmp(type, "NOAUTH") == 0) {
+				flags |= DNS_KEYTYPE_NOAUTH;
+			} else if (strcasecmp(type, "NOCONF") == 0) {
+				flags |= DNS_KEYTYPE_NOCONF;
+			} else if (strcasecmp(type, "NOAUTHCONF") == 0) {
+				flags |= (DNS_KEYTYPE_NOAUTH |
+					  DNS_KEYTYPE_NOCONF);
+			} else if (strcasecmp(type, "AUTHCONF") == 0) {
+				/* nothing */
+			} else {
+				fatal("invalid type %s", type);
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (!oldstyle && prepub > 0) {
+			if (setpub && setact && (activate - prepub) < publish) {
+				fatal("Activation and publication dates "
+				      "are closer together than the\n\t"
+				      "prepublication interval.");
+			}
+
+			if (!setpub && !setact) {
+				setpub = setact = true;
+				publish = now;
+				activate = now + prepub;
+			} else if (setpub && !setact) {
+				setact = true;
+				activate = publish + prepub;
+			} else if (setact && !setpub) {
+				setpub = true;
+				publish = activate - prepub;
+			}
+
+			if ((activate - prepub) < now) {
+				fatal("Time until activation is shorter "
+				      "than the\n\tprepublication interval.");
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		char keystr[DST_KEY_FORMATSIZE];
+		isc_stdtime_t when;
+		int major, minor;
+
+		if (prepub == -1) {
+			prepub = (30 * 86400);
+		}
+
+		if (algname != NULL) {
+			fatal("-S and -a cannot be used together");
+		}
+		if (nametype != NULL) {
+			fatal("-S and -n cannot be used together");
+		}
+		if (type != NULL) {
+			fatal("-S and -t cannot be used together");
+		}
+		if (setpub || unsetpub) {
+			fatal("-S and -P cannot be used together");
+		}
+		if (setact || unsetact) {
+			fatal("-S and -A cannot be used together");
+		}
+		if (use_nsec3) {
+			fatal("-S and -3 cannot be used together");
+		}
+		if (oldstyle) {
+			fatal("-S and -C cannot be used together");
+		}
+		if (genonly) {
+			fatal("-S and -G cannot be used together");
+		}
+
+		ret = dst_key_fromnamedfile(predecessor, directory,
+					    DST_TYPE_PUBLIC | DST_TYPE_PRIVATE,
+					    mctx, &prevkey);
+		if (ret != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fatal("Invalid keyfile %s: %s", predecessor,
+			      isc_result_totext(ret));
+		}
+		if (!dst_key_isprivate(prevkey)) {
+			fatal("%s is not a private key", predecessor);
+		}
+
+		name = dst_key_name(prevkey);
+		alg = dst_key_alg(prevkey);
+		flags = dst_key_flags(prevkey);
+
+		dst_key_format(prevkey, keystr, sizeof(keystr));
+		dst_key_getprivateformat(prevkey, &major, &minor);
+		if (major != DST_MAJOR_VERSION || minor < DST_MINOR_VERSION) {
+			fatal("Key %s has incompatible format version %d.%d\n\t"
+			      "It is not possible to generate a successor key.",
+			      keystr, major, minor);
+		}
+
+		ret = dst_key_gettime(prevkey, DST_TIME_ACTIVATE, &when);
+		if (ret != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fatal("Key %s has no activation date.\n\t"
+			      "You must use dnssec-settime -A to set one "
+			      "before generating a successor.",
+			      keystr);
+		}
+
+		ret = dst_key_gettime(prevkey, DST_TIME_INACTIVE, &activate);
+		if (ret != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fatal("Key %s has no inactivation date.\n\t"
+			      "You must use dnssec-settime -I to set one "
+			      "before generating a successor.",
+			      keystr);
+		}
+
+		publish = activate - prepub;
+		if (publish < now) {
+			fatal("Key %s becomes inactive\n\t"
+			      "sooner than the prepublication period "
+			      "for the new key ends.\n\t"
+			      "Either change the inactivation date with "
+			      "dnssec-settime -I,\n\t"
+			      "or use the -i option to set a shorter "
+			      "prepublication interval.",
+			      keystr);
+		}
+
+		ret = dst_key_gettime(prevkey, DST_TIME_DELETE, &when);
+		if (ret != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"%s: WARNING: Key %s has no removal "
+				"date;\n\t it will remain in the zone "
+				"indefinitely after rollover.\n\t "
+				"You can use dnssec-settime -D to "
+				"change this.\n",
+				program, keystr);
+		}
+
+		setpub = setact = true;
+	}
+
+	if (nametype == NULL) {
+		if ((options & DST_TYPE_KEY) != 0) { /* KEY */
+			fatal("no nametype specified");
+		}
+		flags |= DNS_KEYOWNER_ZONE; /* DNSKEY */
+	} else if (strcasecmp(nametype, "zone") == 0) {
+		flags |= DNS_KEYOWNER_ZONE;
+	} else if ((options & DST_TYPE_KEY) != 0) { /* KEY */
+		if (strcasecmp(nametype, "host") == 0 ||
+		    strcasecmp(nametype, "entity") == 0)
+		{
+			flags |= DNS_KEYOWNER_ENTITY;
+		} else if (strcasecmp(nametype, "user") == 0) {
+			flags |= DNS_KEYOWNER_USER;
+		} else {
+			fatal("invalid KEY nametype %s", nametype);
+		}
+	} else if (strcasecmp(nametype, "other") != 0) { /* DNSKEY */
+		fatal("invalid DNSKEY nametype %s", nametype);
+	}
+
+	rdclass = strtoclass(classname);
+
+	if (directory == NULL) {
+		directory = ".";
+	}
+
+	if ((options & DST_TYPE_KEY) != 0) { /* KEY */
+		flags |= signatory;
+	} else if ((flags & DNS_KEYOWNER_ZONE) != 0) { /* DNSKEY */
+		flags |= kskflag;
+		flags |= revflag;
+	}
+
+	if (protocol == -1) {
+		protocol = DNS_KEYPROTO_DNSSEC;
+	} else if ((options & DST_TYPE_KEY) == 0 &&
+		   protocol != DNS_KEYPROTO_DNSSEC)
+	{
+		fatal("invalid DNSKEY protocol: %d", protocol);
+	}
+
+	if ((flags & DNS_KEYFLAG_TYPEMASK) == DNS_KEYTYPE_NOKEY) {
+		if ((flags & DNS_KEYFLAG_SIGNATORYMASK) != 0) {
+			fatal("specified null key with signing authority");
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ((flags & DNS_KEYFLAG_OWNERMASK) == DNS_KEYOWNER_ZONE &&
+	    alg == DNS_KEYALG_DH)
+	{
+		fatal("a key with algorithm '%s' cannot be a zone key",
+		      algname);
+	}
+
+	isc_buffer_init(&buf, filename, sizeof(filename) - 1);
+
+	/* associate the key */
+	ret = dst_key_fromlabel(name, alg, flags, protocol, rdclass, engine,
+				label, NULL, mctx, &key);
+
+	if (ret != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		char namestr[DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE];
+		char algstr[DNS_SECALG_FORMATSIZE];
+		dns_name_format(name, namestr, sizeof(namestr));
+		dns_secalg_format(alg, algstr, sizeof(algstr));
+		fatal("failed to get key %s/%s: %s", namestr, algstr,
+		      isc_result_totext(ret));
+		UNREACHABLE();
+		exit(-1);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Set key timing metadata (unless using -C)
+	 *
+	 * Publish and activation dates are set to "now" by default, but
+	 * can be overridden.  Creation date is always set to "now".
+	 */
+	if (!oldstyle) {
+		dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_CREATED, now);
+
+		if (genonly && (setpub || setact)) {
+			fatal("cannot use -G together with -P or -A options");
+		}
+
+		if (setpub) {
+			dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_PUBLISH, publish);
+		} else if (setact) {
+			dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_PUBLISH, activate);
+		} else if (!genonly && !unsetpub) {
+			dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_PUBLISH, now);
+		}
+
+		if (setact) {
+			dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_ACTIVATE, activate);
+		} else if (!genonly && !unsetact) {
+			dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_ACTIVATE, now);
+		}
+
+		if (setrev) {
+			if (kskflag == 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr,
+					"%s: warning: Key is "
+					"not flagged as a KSK, but -R "
+					"was used. Revoking a ZSK is "
+					"legal, but undefined.\n",
+					program);
+			}
+			dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_REVOKE, revoke);
+		}
+
+		if (setinact) {
+			dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_INACTIVE, inactive);
+		}
+
+		if (setdel) {
+			dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_DELETE, deltime);
+		}
+		if (setsyncadd) {
+			dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_SYNCPUBLISH, syncadd);
+		}
+		if (setsyncdel) {
+			dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_SYNCDELETE, syncdel);
+		}
+	} else {
+		if (setpub || setact || setrev || setinact || setdel ||
+		    unsetpub || unsetact || unsetrev || unsetinact ||
+		    unsetdel || genonly || setsyncadd || setsyncdel)
+		{
+			fatal("cannot use -C together with "
+			      "-P, -A, -R, -I, -D, or -G options");
+		}
+		/*
+		 * Compatibility mode: Private-key-format
+		 * should be set to 1.2.
+		 */
+		dst_key_setprivateformat(key, 1, 2);
+	}
+
+	/* Set default key TTL */
+	if (setttl) {
+		dst_key_setttl(key, ttl);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Do not overwrite an existing key.  Warn LOUDLY if there
+	 * is a risk of ID collision due to this key or another key
+	 * being revoked.
+	 */
+	if (key_collision(key, name, directory, mctx, &exact)) {
+		isc_buffer_clear(&buf);
+		ret = dst_key_buildfilename(key, 0, directory, &buf);
+		if (ret != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fatal("dst_key_buildfilename returned: %s\n",
+			      isc_result_totext(ret));
+		}
+		if (exact) {
+			fatal("%s: %s already exists\n", program, filename);
+		}
+
+		if (avoid_collisions) {
+			fatal("%s: %s could collide with another key upon "
+			      "revokation\n",
+			      program, filename);
+		}
+
+		fprintf(stderr,
+			"%s: WARNING: Key %s could collide with "
+			"another key upon revokation.  If you plan "
+			"to revoke keys, destroy this key and "
+			"generate a different one.\n",
+			program, filename);
+	}
+
+	ret = dst_key_tofile(key, options, directory);
+	if (ret != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		char keystr[DST_KEY_FORMATSIZE];
+		dst_key_format(key, keystr, sizeof(keystr));
+		fatal("failed to write key %s: %s\n", keystr,
+		      isc_result_totext(ret));
+	}
+
+	isc_buffer_clear(&buf);
+	ret = dst_key_buildfilename(key, 0, NULL, &buf);
+	if (ret != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("dst_key_buildfilename returned: %s\n",
+		      isc_result_totext(ret));
+	}
+	printf("%s\n", filename);
+	dst_key_free(&key);
+	if (prevkey != NULL) {
+		dst_key_free(&prevkey);
+	}
+
+	cleanup_logging(&log);
+	dst_lib_destroy();
+	if (verbose > 10) {
+		isc_mem_stats(mctx, stdout);
+	}
+	isc_mem_free(mctx, label);
+	isc_mem_destroy(&mctx);
+
+	if (freeit != NULL) {
+		free(freeit);
+	}
+
+	return (0);
+}
diff --git a/bin/dnssec/dnssec-keyfromlabel.rst b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-keyfromlabel.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..098feb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-keyfromlabel.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+.. Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+..
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+..
+.. This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+.. License, v. 2.0.  If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+.. file, you can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+..
+.. See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+.. information regarding copyright ownership.
+
+.. highlight: console
+
+.. iscman:: dnssec-keyfromlabel
+.. program:: dnssec-keyfromlabel
+.. _man_dnssec-keyfromlabel:
+
+dnssec-keyfromlabel - DNSSEC key generation tool
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Synopsis
+~~~~~~~~
+
+:program:`dnssec-keyfromlabel` {**-l** label} [**-3**] [**-a** algorithm] [**-A** date/offset] [**-c** class] [**-D** date/offset] [**-D** sync date/offset] [**-E** engine] [**-f** flag] [**-G**] [**-I** date/offset] [**-i** interval] [**-k**] [**-K** directory] [**-L** ttl] [**-n** nametype] [**-P** date/offset] [**-P** sync date/offset] [**-p** protocol] [**-R** date/offset] [**-S** key] [**-t** type] [**-v** level] [**-V**] [**-y**] {name}
+
+Description
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+:program:`dnssec-keyfromlabel` generates a pair of key files that reference a
+key object stored in a cryptographic hardware service module (HSM). The
+private key file can be used for DNSSEC signing of zone data as if it
+were a conventional signing key created by :iscman:`dnssec-keygen`, but the
+key material is stored within the HSM and the actual signing takes
+place there.
+
+The ``name`` of the key is specified on the command line. This must
+match the name of the zone for which the key is being generated.
+
+Options
+~~~~~~~
+
+.. option:: -a algorithm
+
+   This option selects the cryptographic algorithm. The value of ``algorithm`` must
+   be one of RSASHA1, NSEC3RSASHA1, RSASHA256, RSASHA512,
+   ECDSAP256SHA256, ECDSAP384SHA384, ED25519, or ED448.
+
+   These values are case-insensitive. In some cases, abbreviations are
+   supported, such as ECDSA256 for ECDSAP256SHA256 and ECDSA384 for
+   ECDSAP384SHA384. If RSASHA1 is specified along with the :option:`-3`
+   option, then NSEC3RSASHA1 is used instead.
+
+   This option is mandatory except when using the
+   :option:`-S` option, which copies the algorithm from the predecessory key.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 9.12.0
+      The default value RSASHA1 for newly generated keys was removed.
+
+.. option:: -3
+
+   This option uses an NSEC3-capable algorithm to generate a DNSSEC key. If this
+   option is used with an algorithm that has both NSEC and NSEC3
+   versions, then the NSEC3 version is used; for example,
+   ``dnssec-keygen -3a RSASHA1`` specifies the NSEC3RSASHA1 algorithm.
+
+.. option:: -E engine
+
+   This option specifies the cryptographic hardware to use.
+
+   When BIND 9 is built with OpenSSL, this needs to be set to the OpenSSL
+   engine identifier that drives the cryptographic accelerator or
+   hardware service module (usually ``pkcs11``).
+
+.. option:: -l label
+
+   This option specifies the label for a key pair in the crypto hardware.
+
+   When BIND 9 is built with OpenSSL-based PKCS#11 support, the label is
+   an arbitrary string that identifies a particular key. It may be
+   preceded by an optional OpenSSL engine name, followed by a colon, as
+   in ``pkcs11:keylabel``.
+
+.. option:: -n nametype
+
+   This option specifies the owner type of the key. The value of ``nametype`` must
+   either be ZONE (for a DNSSEC zone key (KEY/DNSKEY)), HOST or ENTITY
+   (for a key associated with a host (KEY)), USER (for a key associated
+   with a user (KEY)), or OTHER (DNSKEY). These values are
+   case-insensitive.
+
+.. option:: -C
+
+   This option enables compatibility mode, which generates an old-style key, without any metadata.
+   By default, :program:`dnssec-keyfromlabel` includes the key's creation
+   date in the metadata stored with the private key; other dates may
+   be set there as well, including publication date, activation date, etc. Keys
+   that include this data may be incompatible with older versions of
+   BIND; the :option:`-C` option suppresses them.
+
+.. option:: -c class
+
+   This option indicates that the DNS record containing the key should have the
+   specified class. If not specified, class IN is used.
+
+.. option:: -f flag
+
+   This option sets the specified flag in the ``flag`` field of the KEY/DNSKEY record.
+   The only recognized flags are KSK (Key-Signing Key) and REVOKE.
+
+.. option:: -G
+
+   This option generates a key, but does not publish it or sign with it. This option is
+   incompatible with :option:`-P` and :option:`-A`.
+
+.. option:: -h
+
+   This option prints a short summary of the options and arguments to
+   :program:`dnssec-keyfromlabel`.
+
+.. option:: -K directory
+
+   This option sets the directory in which the key files are to be written.
+
+.. option:: -k
+
+   This option generates KEY records rather than DNSKEY records.
+
+.. option:: -L ttl
+
+   This option sets the default TTL to use for this key when it is converted into a
+   DNSKEY RR. This is the TTL used when the key is imported into a zone,
+   unless there was already a DNSKEY RRset in
+   place, in which case the existing TTL would take precedence. Setting
+   the default TTL to ``0`` or ``none`` removes it.
+
+.. option:: -p protocol
+
+   This option sets the protocol value for the key. The protocol is a number between
+   0 and 255. The default is 3 (DNSSEC). Other possible values for this
+   argument are listed in :rfc:`2535` and its successors.
+
+.. option:: -S key
+
+   This option generates a key as an explicit successor to an existing key. The name,
+   algorithm, size, and type of the key are set to match the
+   predecessor. The activation date of the new key is set to the
+   inactivation date of the existing one. The publication date is
+   set to the activation date minus the prepublication interval, which
+   defaults to 30 days.
+
+.. option:: -t type
+
+   This option indicates the type of the key. ``type`` must be one of AUTHCONF,
+   NOAUTHCONF, NOAUTH, or NOCONF. The default is AUTHCONF. AUTH refers
+   to the ability to authenticate data, and CONF to the ability to encrypt
+   data.
+
+.. option:: -v level
+
+   This option sets the debugging level.
+
+.. option:: -V
+
+   This option prints version information.
+
+.. option:: -y
+
+   This option allows DNSSEC key files to be generated even if the key ID would
+   collide with that of an existing key, in the event of either key
+   being revoked. (This is only safe to enable if
+   :rfc:`5011` trust anchor maintenance is not used with either of the keys
+   involved.)
+
+Timing Options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Dates can be expressed in the format YYYYMMDD or YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
+(which is the format used inside key files),
+or 'Day Mon DD HH:MM:SS YYYY' (as printed by ``dnssec-settime -p``),
+or UNIX epoch time (as printed by ``dnssec-settime -up``),
+or the literal ``now``.
+
+The argument can be followed by ``+`` or ``-`` and an offset from the
+given time. The literal ``now`` can be omitted before an offset. The
+offset can be followed by one of the suffixes ``y``, ``mo``, ``w``,
+``d``, ``h``, or ``mi``, so that it is computed in years (defined as
+365 24-hour days, ignoring leap years), months (defined as 30 24-hour
+days), weeks, days, hours, or minutes, respectively. Without a suffix,
+the offset is computed in seconds.
+
+To explicitly prevent a date from being set, use ``none``, ``never``,
+or ``unset``.
+
+All these formats are case-insensitive.
+
+.. option:: -P date/offset
+
+   This option sets the date on which a key is to be published to the zone. After
+   that date, the key is included in the zone but is not used
+   to sign it. If not set, and if the :option:`-G` option has not been used, the
+   default is the current date.
+
+   .. program:: dnssec-keyfromlabel -P
+   .. option:: sync date/offset
+
+      This option sets the date on which CDS and CDNSKEY records that match this key
+      are to be published to the zone.
+
+.. program:: dnssec-keyfromlabel
+
+.. option:: -A date/offset
+
+   This option sets the date on which the key is to be activated. After that date,
+   the key is included in the zone and used to sign it. If not set,
+   and if the :option:`-G` option has not been used, the default is the current date.
+
+.. option:: -R date/offset
+
+   This option sets the date on which the key is to be revoked. After that date, the
+   key is flagged as revoked. It is included in the zone and
+   is used to sign it.
+
+.. option:: -I date/offset
+
+   This option sets the date on which the key is to be retired. After that date, the
+   key is still included in the zone, but it is not used to
+   sign it.
+
+.. option:: -D date/offset
+
+   This option sets the date on which the key is to be deleted. After that date, the
+   key is no longer included in the zone. (However, it may remain in the key
+   repository.)
+
+   .. program:: dnssec-keyfromlabel -D
+   .. option:: sync date/offset
+
+      This option sets the date on which the CDS and CDNSKEY records that match this
+      key are to be deleted.
+
+.. program:: dnssec-keyfromlabel
+
+.. option:: -i interval
+
+   This option sets the prepublication interval for a key. If set, then the
+   publication and activation dates must be separated by at least this
+   much time. If the activation date is specified but the publication
+   date is not, the publication date defaults to this much time
+   before the activation date; conversely, if the publication date is
+   specified but not the activation date, activation is set to
+   this much time after publication.
+
+   If the key is being created as an explicit successor to another key,
+   then the default prepublication interval is 30 days; otherwise it is
+   zero.
+
+   As with date offsets, if the argument is followed by one of the
+   suffixes ``y``, ``mo``, ``w``, ``d``, ``h``, or ``mi``, the interval is
+   measured in years, months, weeks, days, hours, or minutes,
+   respectively. Without a suffix, the interval is measured in seconds.
+
+Generated Key Files
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+When :program:`dnssec-keyfromlabel` completes successfully, it prints a string
+of the form ``Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii`` to the standard output. This is an
+identification string for the key files it has generated.
+
+-  ``nnnn`` is the key name.
+
+-  ``aaa`` is the numeric representation of the algorithm.
+
+-  ``iiiii`` is the key identifier (or footprint).
+
+:program:`dnssec-keyfromlabel` creates two files, with names based on the
+printed string. ``Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii.key`` contains the public key, and
+``Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii.private`` contains the private key.
+
+The ``.key`` file contains a DNS KEY record that can be inserted into a
+zone file (directly or with an $INCLUDE statement).
+
+The ``.private`` file contains algorithm-specific fields. For obvious
+security reasons, this file does not have general read permission.
+
+See Also
+~~~~~~~~
+
+:iscman:`dnssec-keygen(8) <dnssec-keygen>`, :iscman:`dnssec-signzone(8) <dnssec-signzone>`, BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual,
+:rfc:`4034`, :rfc:`7512`.
diff --git a/bin/dnssec/dnssec-keygen.c b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-keygen.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d77976
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-keygen.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1292 @@
+/*
+ * Portions Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+ *
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, you can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ *
+ * See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+ * information regarding copyright ownership.
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (C) Network Associates, Inc.
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC AND NETWORK ASSOCIATES DISCLAIMS
+ * ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS.  IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR
+ * IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*! \file */
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <isc/attributes.h>
+#include <isc/buffer.h>
+#include <isc/commandline.h>
+#include <isc/mem.h>
+#include <isc/print.h>
+#include <isc/region.h>
+#include <isc/result.h>
+#include <isc/string.h>
+#include <isc/util.h>
+
+#include <dns/dnssec.h>
+#include <dns/fixedname.h>
+#include <dns/kasp.h>
+#include <dns/keyvalues.h>
+#include <dns/log.h>
+#include <dns/name.h>
+#include <dns/rdataclass.h>
+#include <dns/secalg.h>
+
+#include <dst/dst.h>
+
+#include <isccfg/cfg.h>
+#include <isccfg/grammar.h>
+#include <isccfg/kaspconf.h>
+#include <isccfg/namedconf.h>
+
+#include "dnssectool.h"
+
+#define MAX_RSA 4096 /* should be long enough... */
+
+const char *program = "dnssec-keygen";
+
+isc_log_t *lctx = NULL;
+
+noreturn static void
+usage(void);
+
+static void
+progress(int p);
+
+struct keygen_ctx {
+	const char *predecessor;
+	const char *policy;
+	const char *configfile;
+	const char *directory;
+	char *algname;
+	char *nametype;
+	char *type;
+	int generator;
+	int protocol;
+	int size;
+	int signatory;
+	dns_rdataclass_t rdclass;
+	int options;
+	int dbits;
+	dns_ttl_t ttl;
+	uint16_t kskflag;
+	uint16_t revflag;
+	dns_secalg_t alg;
+	/* timing data */
+	int prepub;
+	isc_stdtime_t now;
+	isc_stdtime_t publish;
+	isc_stdtime_t activate;
+	isc_stdtime_t inactive;
+	isc_stdtime_t revokekey;
+	isc_stdtime_t deltime;
+	isc_stdtime_t syncadd;
+	isc_stdtime_t syncdel;
+	bool setpub;
+	bool setact;
+	bool setinact;
+	bool setrev;
+	bool setdel;
+	bool setsyncadd;
+	bool setsyncdel;
+	bool unsetpub;
+	bool unsetact;
+	bool unsetinact;
+	bool unsetrev;
+	bool unsetdel;
+	/* how to generate the key */
+	bool setttl;
+	bool use_nsec3;
+	bool genonly;
+	bool showprogress;
+	bool quiet;
+	bool oldstyle;
+	/* state */
+	time_t lifetime;
+	bool ksk;
+	bool zsk;
+};
+
+typedef struct keygen_ctx keygen_ctx_t;
+
+static void
+usage(void) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "Usage:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    %s [options] name\n\n", program);
+	fprintf(stderr, "Version: %s\n", PACKAGE_VERSION);
+	fprintf(stderr, "    name: owner of the key\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "Options:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -K <directory>: write keys into directory\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -k <policy>: generate keys for dnssec-policy\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -l <file>: configuration file with dnssec-policy "
+			"statement\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -a <algorithm>:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "        RSASHA1 | NSEC3RSASHA1 |\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "        RSASHA256 | RSASHA512 |\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "        ECDSAP256SHA256 | ECDSAP384SHA384 |\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "        ED25519 | ED448 | DH\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -3: use NSEC3-capable algorithm\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -b <key size in bits>:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "        RSASHA1:\t[1024..%d]\n", MAX_RSA);
+	fprintf(stderr, "        NSEC3RSASHA1:\t[1024..%d]\n", MAX_RSA);
+	fprintf(stderr, "        RSASHA256:\t[1024..%d]\n", MAX_RSA);
+	fprintf(stderr, "        RSASHA512:\t[1024..%d]\n", MAX_RSA);
+	fprintf(stderr, "        DH:\t\t[128..4096]\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "        ECDSAP256SHA256:\tignored\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "        ECDSAP384SHA384:\tignored\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "        ED25519:\tignored\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "        ED448:\tignored\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "        (key size defaults are set according to\n"
+			"        algorithm and usage (ZSK or KSK)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -n <nametype>: ZONE | HOST | ENTITY | "
+			"USER | OTHER\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "        (DNSKEY generation defaults to ZONE)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -c <class>: (default: IN)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -d <digest bits> (0 => max, default)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -E <engine>:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "        name of an OpenSSL engine to use\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -f <keyflag>: KSK | REVOKE\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -g <generator>: use specified generator "
+			"(DH only)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -L <ttl>: default key TTL\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -p <protocol>: (default: 3 [dnssec])\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -s <strength>: strength value this key signs DNS "
+			"records with (default: 0)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -T <rrtype>: DNSKEY | KEY (default: DNSKEY; "
+			"use KEY for SIG(0))\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -t <type>: "
+			"AUTHCONF | NOAUTHCONF | NOAUTH | NOCONF "
+			"(default: AUTHCONF)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -h: print usage and exit\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -m <memory debugging mode>:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "       usage | trace | record | size | mctx\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -v <level>: set verbosity level (0 - 10)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -V: print version information\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "Timing options:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -P date/[+-]offset/none: set key publication date "
+			"(default: now)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -P sync date/[+-]offset/none: set CDS and CDNSKEY "
+			"publication date\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -A date/[+-]offset/none: set key activation date "
+			"(default: now)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -R date/[+-]offset/none: set key "
+			"revocation date\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -I date/[+-]offset/none: set key "
+			"inactivation date\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -D date/[+-]offset/none: set key deletion date\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -D sync date/[+-]offset/none: set CDS and CDNSKEY "
+			"deletion date\n");
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -G: generate key only; do not set -P or -A\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -C: generate a backward-compatible key, omitting "
+			"all dates\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -S <key>: generate a successor to an existing "
+			"key\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -i <interval>: prepublication interval for "
+			"successor key "
+			"(default: 30 days)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "Output:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "     K<name>+<alg>+<id>.key, "
+			"K<name>+<alg>+<id>.private\n");
+
+	exit(-1);
+}
+
+static void
+progress(int p) {
+	char c = '*';
+
+	switch (p) {
+	case 0:
+		c = '.';
+		break;
+	case 1:
+		c = '+';
+		break;
+	case 2:
+		c = '*';
+		break;
+	case 3:
+		c = ' ';
+		break;
+	default:
+		break;
+	}
+	(void)putc(c, stderr);
+	(void)fflush(stderr);
+}
+
+static void
+kasp_from_conf(cfg_obj_t *config, isc_mem_t *mctx, const char *name,
+	       dns_kasp_t **kaspp) {
+	const cfg_listelt_t *element;
+	const cfg_obj_t *kasps = NULL;
+	dns_kasp_t *kasp = NULL, *kasp_next;
+	isc_result_t result = ISC_R_NOTFOUND;
+	dns_kasplist_t kasplist;
+
+	ISC_LIST_INIT(kasplist);
+
+	(void)cfg_map_get(config, "dnssec-policy", &kasps);
+	for (element = cfg_list_first(kasps); element != NULL;
+	     element = cfg_list_next(element))
+	{
+		cfg_obj_t *kconfig = cfg_listelt_value(element);
+		kasp = NULL;
+		if (strcmp(cfg_obj_asstring(cfg_tuple_get(kconfig, "name")),
+			   name) != 0)
+		{
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		result = cfg_kasp_fromconfig(kconfig, NULL, mctx, lctx,
+					     &kasplist, &kasp);
+		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fatal("failed to configure dnssec-policy '%s': %s",
+			      cfg_obj_asstring(cfg_tuple_get(kconfig, "name")),
+			      isc_result_totext(result));
+		}
+		INSIST(kasp != NULL);
+		dns_kasp_freeze(kasp);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	*kaspp = kasp;
+
+	/*
+	 * Cleanup kasp list.
+	 */
+	for (kasp = ISC_LIST_HEAD(kasplist); kasp != NULL; kasp = kasp_next) {
+		kasp_next = ISC_LIST_NEXT(kasp, link);
+		ISC_LIST_UNLINK(kasplist, kasp, link);
+		dns_kasp_detach(&kasp);
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+keygen(keygen_ctx_t *ctx, isc_mem_t *mctx, int argc, char **argv) {
+	char filename[255];
+	char algstr[DNS_SECALG_FORMATSIZE];
+	uint16_t flags = 0;
+	int param = 0;
+	bool null_key = false;
+	bool conflict = false;
+	bool show_progress = false;
+	isc_buffer_t buf;
+	dns_name_t *name;
+	dns_fixedname_t fname;
+	isc_result_t ret;
+	dst_key_t *key = NULL;
+	dst_key_t *prevkey = NULL;
+
+	UNUSED(argc);
+
+	dns_secalg_format(ctx->alg, algstr, sizeof(algstr));
+
+	if (ctx->predecessor == NULL) {
+		if (ctx->prepub == -1) {
+			ctx->prepub = 0;
+		}
+
+		name = dns_fixedname_initname(&fname);
+		isc_buffer_init(&buf, argv[isc_commandline_index],
+				strlen(argv[isc_commandline_index]));
+		isc_buffer_add(&buf, strlen(argv[isc_commandline_index]));
+		ret = dns_name_fromtext(name, &buf, dns_rootname, 0, NULL);
+		if (ret != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fatal("invalid key name %s: %s",
+			      argv[isc_commandline_index],
+			      isc_result_totext(ret));
+		}
+
+		if (!dst_algorithm_supported(ctx->alg)) {
+			fatal("unsupported algorithm: %s", algstr);
+		}
+
+		if (ctx->alg == DST_ALG_DH) {
+			ctx->options |= DST_TYPE_KEY;
+		}
+
+		if (ctx->use_nsec3) {
+			switch (ctx->alg) {
+			case DST_ALG_RSASHA1:
+				ctx->alg = DST_ALG_NSEC3RSASHA1;
+				break;
+			case DST_ALG_NSEC3RSASHA1:
+			case DST_ALG_RSASHA256:
+			case DST_ALG_RSASHA512:
+			case DST_ALG_ECDSA256:
+			case DST_ALG_ECDSA384:
+			case DST_ALG_ED25519:
+			case DST_ALG_ED448:
+				break;
+			default:
+				fatal("algorithm %s is incompatible with NSEC3"
+				      ", do not use the -3 option",
+				      algstr);
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (ctx->type != NULL && (ctx->options & DST_TYPE_KEY) != 0) {
+			if (strcasecmp(ctx->type, "NOAUTH") == 0) {
+				flags |= DNS_KEYTYPE_NOAUTH;
+			} else if (strcasecmp(ctx->type, "NOCONF") == 0) {
+				flags |= DNS_KEYTYPE_NOCONF;
+			} else if (strcasecmp(ctx->type, "NOAUTHCONF") == 0) {
+				flags |= (DNS_KEYTYPE_NOAUTH |
+					  DNS_KEYTYPE_NOCONF);
+				if (ctx->size < 0) {
+					ctx->size = 0;
+				}
+			} else if (strcasecmp(ctx->type, "AUTHCONF") == 0) {
+				/* nothing */
+			} else {
+				fatal("invalid type %s", ctx->type);
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (ctx->size < 0) {
+			switch (ctx->alg) {
+			case DST_ALG_RSASHA1:
+			case DST_ALG_NSEC3RSASHA1:
+			case DST_ALG_RSASHA256:
+			case DST_ALG_RSASHA512:
+				ctx->size = 2048;
+				if (verbose > 0) {
+					fprintf(stderr,
+						"key size not "
+						"specified; defaulting"
+						" to %d\n",
+						ctx->size);
+				}
+				break;
+			case DST_ALG_ECDSA256:
+			case DST_ALG_ECDSA384:
+			case DST_ALG_ED25519:
+			case DST_ALG_ED448:
+				break;
+			default:
+				fatal("key size not specified (-b option)");
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (!ctx->oldstyle && ctx->prepub > 0) {
+			if (ctx->setpub && ctx->setact &&
+			    (ctx->activate - ctx->prepub) < ctx->publish)
+			{
+				fatal("Activation and publication dates "
+				      "are closer together than the\n\t"
+				      "prepublication interval.");
+			}
+
+			if (!ctx->setpub && !ctx->setact) {
+				ctx->setpub = ctx->setact = true;
+				ctx->publish = ctx->now;
+				ctx->activate = ctx->now + ctx->prepub;
+			} else if (ctx->setpub && !ctx->setact) {
+				ctx->setact = true;
+				ctx->activate = ctx->publish + ctx->prepub;
+			} else if (ctx->setact && !ctx->setpub) {
+				ctx->setpub = true;
+				ctx->publish = ctx->activate - ctx->prepub;
+			}
+
+			if ((ctx->activate - ctx->prepub) < ctx->now) {
+				fatal("Time until activation is shorter "
+				      "than the\n\tprepublication interval.");
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		char keystr[DST_KEY_FORMATSIZE];
+		isc_stdtime_t when;
+		int major, minor;
+
+		if (ctx->prepub == -1) {
+			ctx->prepub = (30 * 86400);
+		}
+
+		if (ctx->alg != 0) {
+			fatal("-S and -a cannot be used together");
+		}
+		if (ctx->size >= 0) {
+			fatal("-S and -b cannot be used together");
+		}
+		if (ctx->nametype != NULL) {
+			fatal("-S and -n cannot be used together");
+		}
+		if (ctx->type != NULL) {
+			fatal("-S and -t cannot be used together");
+		}
+		if (ctx->setpub || ctx->unsetpub) {
+			fatal("-S and -P cannot be used together");
+		}
+		if (ctx->setact || ctx->unsetact) {
+			fatal("-S and -A cannot be used together");
+		}
+		if (ctx->use_nsec3) {
+			fatal("-S and -3 cannot be used together");
+		}
+		if (ctx->oldstyle) {
+			fatal("-S and -C cannot be used together");
+		}
+		if (ctx->genonly) {
+			fatal("-S and -G cannot be used together");
+		}
+
+		ret = dst_key_fromnamedfile(
+			ctx->predecessor, ctx->directory,
+			(DST_TYPE_PUBLIC | DST_TYPE_PRIVATE | DST_TYPE_STATE),
+			mctx, &prevkey);
+		if (ret != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fatal("Invalid keyfile %s: %s", ctx->predecessor,
+			      isc_result_totext(ret));
+		}
+		if (!dst_key_isprivate(prevkey)) {
+			fatal("%s is not a private key", ctx->predecessor);
+		}
+
+		name = dst_key_name(prevkey);
+		ctx->alg = dst_key_alg(prevkey);
+		ctx->size = dst_key_size(prevkey);
+		flags = dst_key_flags(prevkey);
+
+		dst_key_format(prevkey, keystr, sizeof(keystr));
+		dst_key_getprivateformat(prevkey, &major, &minor);
+		if (major != DST_MAJOR_VERSION || minor < DST_MINOR_VERSION) {
+			fatal("Key %s has incompatible format version %d.%d\n\t"
+			      "It is not possible to generate a successor key.",
+			      keystr, major, minor);
+		}
+
+		ret = dst_key_gettime(prevkey, DST_TIME_ACTIVATE, &when);
+		if (ret != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fatal("Key %s has no activation date.\n\t"
+			      "You must use dnssec-settime -A to set one "
+			      "before generating a successor.",
+			      keystr);
+		}
+
+		ret = dst_key_gettime(prevkey, DST_TIME_INACTIVE,
+				      &ctx->activate);
+		if (ret != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fatal("Key %s has no inactivation date.\n\t"
+			      "You must use dnssec-settime -I to set one "
+			      "before generating a successor.",
+			      keystr);
+		}
+
+		ctx->publish = ctx->activate - ctx->prepub;
+		if (ctx->publish < ctx->now) {
+			fatal("Key %s becomes inactive\n\t"
+			      "sooner than the prepublication period "
+			      "for the new key ends.\n\t"
+			      "Either change the inactivation date with "
+			      "dnssec-settime -I,\n\t"
+			      "or use the -i option to set a shorter "
+			      "prepublication interval.",
+			      keystr);
+		}
+
+		ret = dst_key_gettime(prevkey, DST_TIME_DELETE, &when);
+		if (ret != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"%s: WARNING: Key %s has no removal "
+				"date;\n\t it will remain in the zone "
+				"indefinitely after rollover.\n\t "
+				"You can use dnssec-settime -D to "
+				"change this.\n",
+				program, keystr);
+		}
+
+		ctx->setpub = ctx->setact = true;
+	}
+
+	switch (ctx->alg) {
+	case DNS_KEYALG_RSASHA1:
+	case DNS_KEYALG_NSEC3RSASHA1:
+	case DNS_KEYALG_RSASHA256:
+		if (ctx->size != 0 && (ctx->size < 1024 || ctx->size > MAX_RSA))
+		{
+			fatal("RSA key size %d out of range", ctx->size);
+		}
+		break;
+	case DNS_KEYALG_RSASHA512:
+		if (ctx->size != 0 && (ctx->size < 1024 || ctx->size > MAX_RSA))
+		{
+			fatal("RSA key size %d out of range", ctx->size);
+		}
+		break;
+	case DNS_KEYALG_DH:
+		if (ctx->size != 0 && (ctx->size < 128 || ctx->size > 4096)) {
+			fatal("DH key size %d out of range", ctx->size);
+		}
+		break;
+	case DST_ALG_ECDSA256:
+		ctx->size = 256;
+		break;
+	case DST_ALG_ECDSA384:
+		ctx->size = 384;
+		break;
+	case DST_ALG_ED25519:
+		ctx->size = 256;
+		break;
+	case DST_ALG_ED448:
+		ctx->size = 456;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	if (ctx->alg != DNS_KEYALG_DH && ctx->generator != 0) {
+		fatal("specified DH generator for a non-DH key");
+	}
+
+	if (ctx->nametype == NULL) {
+		if ((ctx->options & DST_TYPE_KEY) != 0) { /* KEY */
+			fatal("no nametype specified");
+		}
+		flags |= DNS_KEYOWNER_ZONE; /* DNSKEY */
+	} else if (strcasecmp(ctx->nametype, "zone") == 0) {
+		flags |= DNS_KEYOWNER_ZONE;
+	} else if ((ctx->options & DST_TYPE_KEY) != 0) { /* KEY */
+		if (strcasecmp(ctx->nametype, "host") == 0 ||
+		    strcasecmp(ctx->nametype, "entity") == 0)
+		{
+			flags |= DNS_KEYOWNER_ENTITY;
+		} else if (strcasecmp(ctx->nametype, "user") == 0) {
+			flags |= DNS_KEYOWNER_USER;
+		} else {
+			fatal("invalid KEY nametype %s", ctx->nametype);
+		}
+	} else if (strcasecmp(ctx->nametype, "other") != 0) { /* DNSKEY */
+		fatal("invalid DNSKEY nametype %s", ctx->nametype);
+	}
+
+	if (ctx->directory == NULL) {
+		ctx->directory = ".";
+	}
+
+	if ((ctx->options & DST_TYPE_KEY) != 0) { /* KEY */
+		flags |= ctx->signatory;
+	} else if ((flags & DNS_KEYOWNER_ZONE) != 0) { /* DNSKEY */
+		flags |= ctx->kskflag;
+		flags |= ctx->revflag;
+	}
+
+	if (ctx->protocol == -1) {
+		ctx->protocol = DNS_KEYPROTO_DNSSEC;
+	} else if ((ctx->options & DST_TYPE_KEY) == 0 &&
+		   ctx->protocol != DNS_KEYPROTO_DNSSEC)
+	{
+		fatal("invalid DNSKEY protocol: %d", ctx->protocol);
+	}
+
+	if ((flags & DNS_KEYFLAG_TYPEMASK) == DNS_KEYTYPE_NOKEY) {
+		if (ctx->size > 0) {
+			fatal("specified null key with non-zero size");
+		}
+		if ((flags & DNS_KEYFLAG_SIGNATORYMASK) != 0) {
+			fatal("specified null key with signing authority");
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ((flags & DNS_KEYFLAG_OWNERMASK) == DNS_KEYOWNER_ZONE &&
+	    ctx->alg == DNS_KEYALG_DH)
+	{
+		fatal("a key with algorithm %s cannot be a zone key", algstr);
+	}
+
+	switch (ctx->alg) {
+	case DNS_KEYALG_RSASHA1:
+	case DNS_KEYALG_NSEC3RSASHA1:
+	case DNS_KEYALG_RSASHA256:
+	case DNS_KEYALG_RSASHA512:
+		show_progress = true;
+		break;
+
+	case DNS_KEYALG_DH:
+		param = ctx->generator;
+		break;
+
+	case DST_ALG_ECDSA256:
+	case DST_ALG_ECDSA384:
+	case DST_ALG_ED25519:
+	case DST_ALG_ED448:
+		show_progress = true;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	if ((flags & DNS_KEYFLAG_TYPEMASK) == DNS_KEYTYPE_NOKEY) {
+		null_key = true;
+	}
+
+	isc_buffer_init(&buf, filename, sizeof(filename) - 1);
+
+	do {
+		conflict = false;
+
+		if (!ctx->quiet && show_progress) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Generating key pair.");
+			ret = dst_key_generate(name, ctx->alg, ctx->size, param,
+					       flags, ctx->protocol,
+					       ctx->rdclass, mctx, &key,
+					       &progress);
+			putc('\n', stderr);
+			fflush(stderr);
+		} else {
+			ret = dst_key_generate(name, ctx->alg, ctx->size, param,
+					       flags, ctx->protocol,
+					       ctx->rdclass, mctx, &key, NULL);
+		}
+
+		if (ret != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			char namestr[DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE];
+			dns_name_format(name, namestr, sizeof(namestr));
+			fatal("failed to generate key %s/%s: %s\n", namestr,
+			      algstr, isc_result_totext(ret));
+		}
+
+		dst_key_setbits(key, ctx->dbits);
+
+		/*
+		 * Set key timing metadata (unless using -C)
+		 *
+		 * Creation date is always set to "now".
+		 *
+		 * For a new key without an explicit predecessor, publish
+		 * and activation dates are set to "now" by default, but
+		 * can both be overridden.
+		 *
+		 * For a successor key, activation is set to match the
+		 * predecessor's inactivation date.  Publish is set to 30
+		 * days earlier than that (XXX: this should be configurable).
+		 * If either of the resulting dates are in the past, that's
+		 * an error; the inactivation date of the predecessor key
+		 * must be updated before a successor key can be created.
+		 */
+		if (!ctx->oldstyle) {
+			dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_CREATED, ctx->now);
+
+			if (ctx->genonly && (ctx->setpub || ctx->setact)) {
+				fatal("cannot use -G together with "
+				      "-P or -A options");
+			}
+
+			if (ctx->setpub) {
+				dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_PUBLISH,
+						ctx->publish);
+			} else if (ctx->setact && !ctx->unsetpub) {
+				dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_PUBLISH,
+						ctx->activate - ctx->prepub);
+			} else if (!ctx->genonly && !ctx->unsetpub) {
+				dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_PUBLISH,
+						ctx->now);
+			}
+
+			if (ctx->setact) {
+				dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_ACTIVATE,
+						ctx->activate);
+			} else if (!ctx->genonly && !ctx->unsetact) {
+				dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_ACTIVATE,
+						ctx->now);
+			}
+
+			if (ctx->setrev) {
+				if (ctx->kskflag == 0) {
+					fprintf(stderr,
+						"%s: warning: Key is "
+						"not flagged as a KSK, but -R "
+						"was used. Revoking a ZSK is "
+						"legal, but undefined.\n",
+						program);
+				}
+				dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_REVOKE,
+						ctx->revokekey);
+			}
+
+			if (ctx->setinact) {
+				dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_INACTIVE,
+						ctx->inactive);
+			}
+
+			if (ctx->setdel) {
+				if (ctx->setinact &&
+				    ctx->deltime < ctx->inactive)
+				{
+					fprintf(stderr,
+						"%s: warning: Key is "
+						"scheduled to be deleted "
+						"before it is scheduled to be "
+						"made inactive.\n",
+						program);
+				}
+				dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_DELETE,
+						ctx->deltime);
+			}
+
+			if (ctx->setsyncadd) {
+				dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_SYNCPUBLISH,
+						ctx->syncadd);
+			}
+
+			if (ctx->setsyncdel) {
+				dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_SYNCDELETE,
+						ctx->syncdel);
+			}
+		} else {
+			if (ctx->setpub || ctx->setact || ctx->setrev ||
+			    ctx->setinact || ctx->setdel || ctx->unsetpub ||
+			    ctx->unsetact || ctx->unsetrev || ctx->unsetinact ||
+			    ctx->unsetdel || ctx->genonly || ctx->setsyncadd ||
+			    ctx->setsyncdel)
+			{
+				fatal("cannot use -C together with "
+				      "-P, -A, -R, -I, -D, or -G options");
+			}
+			/*
+			 * Compatibility mode: Private-key-format
+			 * should be set to 1.2.
+			 */
+			dst_key_setprivateformat(key, 1, 2);
+		}
+
+		/* Set the default key TTL */
+		if (ctx->setttl) {
+			dst_key_setttl(key, ctx->ttl);
+		}
+
+		/* Set dnssec-policy related metadata */
+		if (ctx->policy != NULL) {
+			dst_key_setnum(key, DST_NUM_LIFETIME, ctx->lifetime);
+			dst_key_setbool(key, DST_BOOL_KSK, ctx->ksk);
+			dst_key_setbool(key, DST_BOOL_ZSK, ctx->zsk);
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Do not overwrite an existing key, or create a key
+		 * if there is a risk of ID collision due to this key
+		 * or another key being revoked.
+		 */
+		if (key_collision(key, name, ctx->directory, mctx, NULL)) {
+			conflict = true;
+			if (null_key) {
+				dst_key_free(&key);
+				break;
+			}
+
+			if (verbose > 0) {
+				isc_buffer_clear(&buf);
+				ret = dst_key_buildfilename(
+					key, 0, ctx->directory, &buf);
+				if (ret == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+					fprintf(stderr,
+						"%s: %s already exists, or "
+						"might collide with another "
+						"key upon revokation.  "
+						"Generating a new key\n",
+						program, filename);
+				}
+			}
+
+			dst_key_free(&key);
+		}
+	} while (conflict);
+
+	if (conflict) {
+		fatal("cannot generate a null key due to possible key ID "
+		      "collision");
+	}
+
+	if (ctx->predecessor != NULL && prevkey != NULL) {
+		dst_key_setnum(prevkey, DST_NUM_SUCCESSOR, dst_key_id(key));
+		dst_key_setnum(key, DST_NUM_PREDECESSOR, dst_key_id(prevkey));
+
+		ret = dst_key_tofile(prevkey, ctx->options, ctx->directory);
+		if (ret != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			char keystr[DST_KEY_FORMATSIZE];
+			dst_key_format(prevkey, keystr, sizeof(keystr));
+			fatal("failed to update predecessor %s: %s\n", keystr,
+			      isc_result_totext(ret));
+		}
+	}
+
+	ret = dst_key_tofile(key, ctx->options, ctx->directory);
+	if (ret != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		char keystr[DST_KEY_FORMATSIZE];
+		dst_key_format(key, keystr, sizeof(keystr));
+		fatal("failed to write key %s: %s\n", keystr,
+		      isc_result_totext(ret));
+	}
+
+	isc_buffer_clear(&buf);
+	ret = dst_key_buildfilename(key, 0, NULL, &buf);
+	if (ret != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("dst_key_buildfilename returned: %s\n",
+		      isc_result_totext(ret));
+	}
+	printf("%s\n", filename);
+
+	dst_key_free(&key);
+	if (prevkey != NULL) {
+		dst_key_free(&prevkey);
+	}
+}
+
+int
+main(int argc, char **argv) {
+	char *algname = NULL, *freeit = NULL;
+	char *classname = NULL;
+	char *endp;
+	isc_mem_t *mctx = NULL;
+	isc_result_t ret;
+	isc_textregion_t r;
+	const char *engine = NULL;
+	unsigned char c;
+	int ch;
+
+	keygen_ctx_t ctx = {
+		.options = DST_TYPE_PRIVATE | DST_TYPE_PUBLIC,
+		.prepub = -1,
+		.protocol = -1,
+		.size = -1,
+	};
+
+	if (argc == 1) {
+		usage();
+	}
+
+	isc_commandline_errprint = false;
+
+	/*
+	 * Process memory debugging argument first.
+	 */
+#define CMDLINE_FLAGS                                           \
+	"3A:a:b:Cc:D:d:E:eFf:Gg:hI:i:K:k:L:l:m:n:P:p:qR:r:S:s:" \
+	"T:t:v:V"
+	while ((ch = isc_commandline_parse(argc, argv, CMDLINE_FLAGS)) != -1) {
+		switch (ch) {
+		case 'm':
+			if (strcasecmp(isc_commandline_argument, "record") == 0)
+			{
+				isc_mem_debugging |= ISC_MEM_DEBUGRECORD;
+			}
+			if (strcasecmp(isc_commandline_argument, "trace") == 0)
+			{
+				isc_mem_debugging |= ISC_MEM_DEBUGTRACE;
+			}
+			if (strcasecmp(isc_commandline_argument, "usage") == 0)
+			{
+				isc_mem_debugging |= ISC_MEM_DEBUGUSAGE;
+			}
+			break;
+		default:
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	isc_commandline_reset = true;
+
+	isc_mem_create(&mctx);
+	isc_stdtime_get(&ctx.now);
+
+	while ((ch = isc_commandline_parse(argc, argv, CMDLINE_FLAGS)) != -1) {
+		switch (ch) {
+		case '3':
+			ctx.use_nsec3 = true;
+			break;
+		case 'a':
+			algname = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+		case 'b':
+			ctx.size = strtol(isc_commandline_argument, &endp, 10);
+			if (*endp != '\0' || ctx.size < 0) {
+				fatal("-b requires a non-negative number");
+			}
+			break;
+		case 'C':
+			ctx.oldstyle = true;
+			break;
+		case 'c':
+			classname = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+		case 'd':
+			ctx.dbits = strtol(isc_commandline_argument, &endp, 10);
+			if (*endp != '\0' || ctx.dbits < 0) {
+				fatal("-d requires a non-negative number");
+			}
+			break;
+		case 'E':
+			engine = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+		case 'e':
+			fprintf(stderr, "phased-out option -e "
+					"(was 'use (RSA) large exponent')\n");
+			break;
+		case 'f':
+			c = (unsigned char)(isc_commandline_argument[0]);
+			if (toupper(c) == 'K') {
+				ctx.kskflag = DNS_KEYFLAG_KSK;
+			} else if (toupper(c) == 'R') {
+				ctx.revflag = DNS_KEYFLAG_REVOKE;
+			} else {
+				fatal("unknown flag '%s'",
+				      isc_commandline_argument);
+			}
+			break;
+		case 'g':
+			ctx.generator = strtol(isc_commandline_argument, &endp,
+					       10);
+			if (*endp != '\0' || ctx.generator <= 0) {
+				fatal("-g requires a positive number");
+			}
+			break;
+		case 'K':
+			ctx.directory = isc_commandline_argument;
+			ret = try_dir(ctx.directory);
+			if (ret != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+				fatal("cannot open directory %s: %s",
+				      ctx.directory, isc_result_totext(ret));
+			}
+			break;
+		case 'k':
+			ctx.policy = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+		case 'L':
+			ctx.ttl = strtottl(isc_commandline_argument);
+			ctx.setttl = true;
+			break;
+		case 'l':
+			ctx.configfile = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+		case 'n':
+			ctx.nametype = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+		case 'm':
+			break;
+		case 'p':
+			ctx.protocol = strtol(isc_commandline_argument, &endp,
+					      10);
+			if (*endp != '\0' || ctx.protocol < 0 ||
+			    ctx.protocol > 255)
+			{
+				fatal("-p must be followed by a number "
+				      "[0..255]");
+			}
+			break;
+		case 'q':
+			ctx.quiet = true;
+			break;
+		case 'r':
+			fatal("The -r option has been deprecated.\n"
+			      "System random data is always used.\n");
+			break;
+		case 's':
+			ctx.signatory = strtol(isc_commandline_argument, &endp,
+					       10);
+			if (*endp != '\0' || ctx.signatory < 0 ||
+			    ctx.signatory > 15)
+			{
+				fatal("-s must be followed by a number "
+				      "[0..15]");
+			}
+			break;
+		case 'T':
+			if (strcasecmp(isc_commandline_argument, "KEY") == 0) {
+				ctx.options |= DST_TYPE_KEY;
+			} else if (strcasecmp(isc_commandline_argument,
+					      "DNSKE"
+					      "Y") == 0)
+			{
+				/* default behavior */
+			} else {
+				fatal("unknown type '%s'",
+				      isc_commandline_argument);
+			}
+			break;
+		case 't':
+			ctx.type = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+		case 'v':
+			endp = NULL;
+			verbose = strtol(isc_commandline_argument, &endp, 0);
+			if (*endp != '\0') {
+				fatal("-v must be followed by a number");
+			}
+			break;
+		case 'G':
+			ctx.genonly = true;
+			break;
+		case 'P':
+			/* -Psync ? */
+			if (isoptarg("sync", argv, usage)) {
+				if (ctx.setsyncadd) {
+					fatal("-P sync specified more than "
+					      "once");
+				}
+
+				ctx.syncadd = strtotime(
+					isc_commandline_argument, ctx.now,
+					ctx.now, &ctx.setsyncadd);
+				break;
+			}
+			(void)isoptarg("dnskey", argv, usage);
+			if (ctx.setpub || ctx.unsetpub) {
+				fatal("-P specified more than once");
+			}
+
+			ctx.publish = strtotime(isc_commandline_argument,
+						ctx.now, ctx.now, &ctx.setpub);
+			ctx.unsetpub = !ctx.setpub;
+			break;
+		case 'A':
+			if (ctx.setact || ctx.unsetact) {
+				fatal("-A specified more than once");
+			}
+
+			ctx.activate = strtotime(isc_commandline_argument,
+						 ctx.now, ctx.now, &ctx.setact);
+			ctx.unsetact = !ctx.setact;
+			break;
+		case 'R':
+			if (ctx.setrev || ctx.unsetrev) {
+				fatal("-R specified more than once");
+			}
+
+			ctx.revokekey = strtotime(isc_commandline_argument,
+						  ctx.now, ctx.now,
+						  &ctx.setrev);
+			ctx.unsetrev = !ctx.setrev;
+			break;
+		case 'I':
+			if (ctx.setinact || ctx.unsetinact) {
+				fatal("-I specified more than once");
+			}
+
+			ctx.inactive = strtotime(isc_commandline_argument,
+						 ctx.now, ctx.now,
+						 &ctx.setinact);
+			ctx.unsetinact = !ctx.setinact;
+			break;
+		case 'D':
+			/* -Dsync ? */
+			if (isoptarg("sync", argv, usage)) {
+				if (ctx.setsyncdel) {
+					fatal("-D sync specified more than "
+					      "once");
+				}
+
+				ctx.syncdel = strtotime(
+					isc_commandline_argument, ctx.now,
+					ctx.now, &ctx.setsyncdel);
+				break;
+			}
+			(void)isoptarg("dnskey", argv, usage);
+			if (ctx.setdel || ctx.unsetdel) {
+				fatal("-D specified more than once");
+			}
+
+			ctx.deltime = strtotime(isc_commandline_argument,
+						ctx.now, ctx.now, &ctx.setdel);
+			ctx.unsetdel = !ctx.setdel;
+			break;
+		case 'S':
+			ctx.predecessor = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+		case 'i':
+			ctx.prepub = strtottl(isc_commandline_argument);
+			break;
+		case 'F':
+			/* Reserved for FIPS mode */
+			FALLTHROUGH;
+		case '?':
+			if (isc_commandline_option != '?') {
+				fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid argument -%c\n",
+					program, isc_commandline_option);
+			}
+			FALLTHROUGH;
+		case 'h':
+			/* Does not return. */
+			usage();
+
+		case 'V':
+			/* Does not return. */
+			version(program);
+
+		default:
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s: unhandled option -%c\n", program,
+				isc_commandline_option);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!isatty(0)) {
+		ctx.quiet = true;
+	}
+
+	ret = dst_lib_init(mctx, engine);
+	if (ret != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("could not initialize dst: %s", isc_result_totext(ret));
+	}
+
+	setup_logging(mctx, &lctx);
+
+	ctx.rdclass = strtoclass(classname);
+
+	if (ctx.configfile == NULL || ctx.configfile[0] == '\0') {
+		ctx.configfile = NAMED_CONFFILE;
+	}
+
+	if (ctx.predecessor == NULL) {
+		if (argc < isc_commandline_index + 1) {
+			fatal("the key name was not specified");
+		}
+		if (argc > isc_commandline_index + 1) {
+			fatal("extraneous arguments");
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (ctx.predecessor == NULL && ctx.policy == NULL) {
+		if (algname == NULL) {
+			fatal("no algorithm specified");
+		}
+		r.base = algname;
+		r.length = strlen(algname);
+		ret = dns_secalg_fromtext(&ctx.alg, &r);
+		if (ret != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fatal("unknown algorithm %s", algname);
+		}
+		if (!dst_algorithm_supported(ctx.alg)) {
+			fatal("unsupported algorithm: %s", algname);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (ctx.policy != NULL) {
+		if (ctx.nametype != NULL) {
+			fatal("-k and -n cannot be used together");
+		}
+		if (ctx.predecessor != NULL) {
+			fatal("-k and -S cannot be used together");
+		}
+		if (ctx.oldstyle) {
+			fatal("-k and -C cannot be used together");
+		}
+		if (ctx.setttl) {
+			fatal("-k and -L cannot be used together");
+		}
+		if (ctx.prepub > 0) {
+			fatal("-k and -i cannot be used together");
+		}
+		if (ctx.size != -1) {
+			fatal("-k and -b cannot be used together");
+		}
+		if (ctx.kskflag || ctx.revflag) {
+			fatal("-k and -f cannot be used together");
+		}
+		if (ctx.options & DST_TYPE_KEY) {
+			fatal("-k and -T KEY cannot be used together");
+		}
+		if (ctx.use_nsec3) {
+			fatal("-k and -3 cannot be used together");
+		}
+
+		ctx.options |= DST_TYPE_STATE;
+
+		if (strcmp(ctx.policy, "default") == 0) {
+			ctx.use_nsec3 = false;
+			ctx.alg = DST_ALG_ECDSA256;
+			ctx.size = 0;
+			ctx.kskflag = DNS_KEYFLAG_KSK;
+			ctx.ttl = 3600;
+			ctx.setttl = true;
+			ctx.ksk = true;
+			ctx.zsk = true;
+			ctx.lifetime = 0;
+
+			keygen(&ctx, mctx, argc, argv);
+		} else {
+			cfg_parser_t *parser = NULL;
+			cfg_obj_t *config = NULL;
+			dns_kasp_t *kasp = NULL;
+			dns_kasp_key_t *kaspkey = NULL;
+
+			RUNTIME_CHECK(cfg_parser_create(mctx, lctx, &parser) ==
+				      ISC_R_SUCCESS);
+			if (cfg_parse_file(parser, ctx.configfile,
+					   &cfg_type_namedconf,
+					   &config) != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
+			{
+				fatal("unable to load dnssec-policy '%s' from "
+				      "'%s'",
+				      ctx.policy, ctx.configfile);
+			}
+
+			kasp_from_conf(config, mctx, ctx.policy, &kasp);
+			if (kasp == NULL) {
+				fatal("failed to load dnssec-policy '%s'",
+				      ctx.policy);
+			}
+			if (ISC_LIST_EMPTY(dns_kasp_keys(kasp))) {
+				fatal("dnssec-policy '%s' has no keys "
+				      "configured",
+				      ctx.policy);
+			}
+
+			ctx.ttl = dns_kasp_dnskeyttl(kasp);
+			ctx.setttl = true;
+
+			kaspkey = ISC_LIST_HEAD(dns_kasp_keys(kasp));
+
+			while (kaspkey != NULL) {
+				ctx.use_nsec3 = false;
+				ctx.alg = dns_kasp_key_algorithm(kaspkey);
+				ctx.size = dns_kasp_key_size(kaspkey);
+				ctx.kskflag = dns_kasp_key_ksk(kaspkey)
+						      ? DNS_KEYFLAG_KSK
+						      : 0;
+				ctx.ksk = dns_kasp_key_ksk(kaspkey);
+				ctx.zsk = dns_kasp_key_zsk(kaspkey);
+				ctx.lifetime = dns_kasp_key_lifetime(kaspkey);
+
+				keygen(&ctx, mctx, argc, argv);
+
+				kaspkey = ISC_LIST_NEXT(kaspkey, link);
+			}
+
+			dns_kasp_detach(&kasp);
+			cfg_obj_destroy(parser, &config);
+			cfg_parser_destroy(&parser);
+		}
+	} else {
+		keygen(&ctx, mctx, argc, argv);
+	}
+
+	cleanup_logging(&lctx);
+	dst_lib_destroy();
+	if (verbose > 10) {
+		isc_mem_stats(mctx, stdout);
+	}
+	isc_mem_destroy(&mctx);
+
+	if (freeit != NULL) {
+		free(freeit);
+	}
+
+	return (0);
+}
diff --git a/bin/dnssec/dnssec-keygen.rst b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-keygen.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a06027c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-keygen.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
+.. Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+..
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+..
+.. This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+.. License, v. 2.0.  If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+.. file, you can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+..
+.. See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+.. information regarding copyright ownership.
+
+.. highlight: console
+
+.. iscman:: dnssec-keygen
+.. program:: dnssec-keygen
+.. _man_dnssec-keygen:
+
+dnssec-keygen: DNSSEC key generation tool
+-----------------------------------------
+
+Synopsis
+~~~~~~~~
+
+:program:`dnssec-keygen` [**-3**] [**-A** date/offset] [**-a** algorithm] [**-b** keysize] [**-C**] [**-c** class] [**-D** date/offset] [**-d** bits] [**-D** sync date/offset] [**-E** engine] [**-f** flag] [**-G**] [**-g** generator] [**-h**] [**-I** date/offset] [**-i** interval] [**-K** directory] [**-k** policy] [**-L** ttl] [**-l** file] [**-n** nametype] [**-P** date/offset] [**-P** sync date/offset] [**-p** protocol] [**-q**] [**-R** date/offset] [**-S** key] [**-s** strength] [**-T** rrtype] [**-t** type] [**-V**] [**-v** level] {name}
+
+Description
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+:program:`dnssec-keygen` generates keys for DNSSEC (Secure DNS), as defined in
+:rfc:`2535` and :rfc:`4034`. It can also generate keys for use with TSIG
+(Transaction Signatures) as defined in :rfc:`2845`, or TKEY (Transaction
+Key) as defined in :rfc:`2930`.
+
+The ``name`` of the key is specified on the command line. For DNSSEC
+keys, this must match the name of the zone for which the key is being
+generated.
+
+Options
+~~~~~~~
+
+.. option:: -3
+
+   This option uses an NSEC3-capable algorithm to generate a DNSSEC key. If this
+   option is used with an algorithm that has both NSEC and NSEC3
+   versions, then the NSEC3 version is selected; for example,
+   ``dnssec-keygen -3 -a RSASHA1`` specifies the NSEC3RSASHA1 algorithm.
+
+.. option:: -a algorithm
+
+   This option selects the cryptographic algorithm. For DNSSEC keys, the value of
+   ``algorithm`` must be one of RSASHA1, NSEC3RSASHA1, RSASHA256,
+   RSASHA512, ECDSAP256SHA256, ECDSAP384SHA384, ED25519, or ED448. For
+   TKEY, the value must be DH (Diffie-Hellman); specifying this value
+   automatically sets the :option:`-T KEY <-T>` option as well.
+
+   These values are case-insensitive. In some cases, abbreviations are
+   supported, such as ECDSA256 for ECDSAP256SHA256 and ECDSA384 for
+   ECDSAP384SHA384. If RSASHA1 is specified along with the :option:`-3`
+   option, NSEC3RSASHA1 is used instead.
+
+   This parameter *must* be specified except when using the :option:`-S`
+   option, which copies the algorithm from the predecessor key.
+
+   In prior releases, HMAC algorithms could be generated for use as TSIG
+   keys, but that feature was removed in BIND 9.13.0. Use
+   :iscman:`tsig-keygen` to generate TSIG keys.
+
+.. option:: -b keysize
+
+   This option specifies the number of bits in the key. The choice of key size
+   depends on the algorithm used: RSA keys must be between 1024 and 4096
+   bits; Diffie-Hellman keys must be between 128 and 4096 bits. Elliptic
+   curve algorithms do not need this parameter.
+
+   If the key size is not specified, some algorithms have pre-defined
+   defaults. For example, RSA keys for use as DNSSEC zone-signing keys
+   have a default size of 1024 bits; RSA keys for use as key-signing
+   keys (KSKs, generated with :option:`-f KSK <-f>`) default to 2048 bits.
+
+.. option:: -C
+
+   This option enables compatibility mode, which generates an old-style key, without any timing
+   metadata. By default, :program:`dnssec-keygen` includes the key's
+   creation date in the metadata stored with the private key; other
+   dates may be set there as well, including publication date, activation date,
+   etc. Keys that include this data may be incompatible with older
+   versions of BIND; the :option:`-C` option suppresses them.
+
+.. option:: -c class
+
+   This option indicates that the DNS record containing the key should have the
+   specified class. If not specified, class IN is used.
+
+.. option:: -d bits
+
+   This option specifies the key size in bits. For the algorithms RSASHA1, NSEC3RSASA1, RSASHA256, and
+   RSASHA512 the key size must be between 1024 and 4096 bits; DH size is between 128
+   and 4096 bits. This option is ignored for algorithms ECDSAP256SHA256,
+   ECDSAP384SHA384, ED25519, and ED448.
+
+.. option:: -E engine
+
+   This option specifies the cryptographic hardware to use, when applicable.
+
+   When BIND 9 is built with OpenSSL, this needs to be set to the OpenSSL
+   engine identifier that drives the cryptographic accelerator or
+   hardware service module (usually ``pkcs11``).
+
+.. option:: -f flag
+
+   This option sets the specified flag in the flag field of the KEY/DNSKEY record.
+   The only recognized flags are KSK (Key-Signing Key) and REVOKE.
+
+.. option:: -G
+
+   This option generates a key, but does not publish it or sign with it. This option is
+   incompatible with :option:`-P` and :option:`-A`.
+
+.. option:: -g generator
+
+   This option indicates the generator to use if generating a Diffie-Hellman key. Allowed
+   values are 2 and 5. If no generator is specified, a known prime from
+   :rfc:`2539` is used if possible; otherwise the default is 2.
+
+.. option:: -h
+
+   This option prints a short summary of the options and arguments to
+   :program:`dnssec-keygen`.
+
+.. option:: -K directory
+
+   This option sets the directory in which the key files are to be written.
+
+.. option:: -k policy
+
+   This option creates keys for a specific ``dnssec-policy``. If a policy uses multiple keys,
+   :program:`dnssec-keygen` generates multiple keys. This also
+   creates a ".state" file to keep track of the key state.
+
+   This option creates keys according to the ``dnssec-policy`` configuration, hence
+   it cannot be used at the same time as many of the other options that
+   :program:`dnssec-keygen` provides.
+
+.. option:: -L ttl
+
+   This option sets the default TTL to use for this key when it is converted into a
+   DNSKEY RR. This is the TTL used when the key is imported into a zone,
+   unless there was already a DNSKEY RRset in
+   place, in which case the existing TTL takes precedence. If this
+   value is not set and there is no existing DNSKEY RRset, the TTL
+   defaults to the SOA TTL. Setting the default TTL to ``0`` or ``none``
+   is the same as leaving it unset.
+
+.. option:: -l file
+
+   This option provides a configuration file that contains a ``dnssec-policy`` statement
+   (matching the policy set with :option:`-k`).
+
+.. option:: -n nametype
+
+   This option specifies the owner type of the key. The value of ``nametype`` must
+   either be ZONE (for a DNSSEC zone key (KEY/DNSKEY)), HOST or ENTITY
+   (for a key associated with a host (KEY)), USER (for a key associated
+   with a user (KEY)), or OTHER (DNSKEY). These values are
+   case-insensitive. The default is ZONE for DNSKEY generation.
+
+.. option:: -p protocol
+
+   This option sets the protocol value for the generated key, for use with
+   :option:`-T KEY <-T>`. The protocol is a number between 0 and 255. The default
+   is 3 (DNSSEC). Other possible values for this argument are listed in
+   :rfc:`2535` and its successors.
+
+.. option:: -q
+
+   This option sets quiet mode, which suppresses unnecessary output, including progress
+   indication. Without this option, when :program:`dnssec-keygen` is run
+   interactively to generate an RSA or DSA key pair, it prints a
+   string of symbols to ``stderr`` indicating the progress of the key
+   generation. A ``.`` indicates that a random number has been found which
+   passed an initial sieve test; ``+`` means a number has passed a single
+   round of the Miller-Rabin primality test; and a space ( ) means that the
+   number has passed all the tests and is a satisfactory key.
+
+.. option:: -S key
+
+   This option creates a new key which is an explicit successor to an existing key.
+   The name, algorithm, size, and type of the key are set to match
+   the existing key. The activation date of the new key is set to
+   the inactivation date of the existing one. The publication date is
+   set to the activation date minus the prepublication interval,
+   which defaults to 30 days.
+
+.. option:: -s strength
+
+   This option specifies the strength value of the key. The strength is a number
+   between 0 and 15, and currently has no defined purpose in DNSSEC.
+
+.. option:: -T rrtype
+
+   This option specifies the resource record type to use for the key. ``rrtype``
+   must be either DNSKEY or KEY. The default is DNSKEY when using a
+   DNSSEC algorithm, but it can be overridden to KEY for use with
+   SIG(0).
+
+.. option:: -t type
+
+   This option indicates the type of the key for use with :option:`-T KEY <-T>`. ``type``
+   must be one of AUTHCONF, NOAUTHCONF, NOAUTH, or NOCONF. The default
+   is AUTHCONF. AUTH refers to the ability to authenticate data, and
+   CONF to the ability to encrypt data.
+
+.. option:: -V
+
+   This option prints version information.
+
+.. option:: -v level
+
+   This option sets the debugging level.
+
+Timing Options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Dates can be expressed in the format YYYYMMDD or YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
+(which is the format used inside key files),
+or 'Day Mon DD HH:MM:SS YYYY' (as printed by ``dnssec-settime -p``),
+or UNIX epoch time (as printed by ``dnssec-settime -up``),
+or the literal ``now``.
+
+The argument can be followed by ``+`` or ``-`` and an offset from the
+given time. The literal ``now`` can be omitted before an offset. The
+offset can be followed by one of the suffixes ``y``, ``mo``, ``w``,
+``d``, ``h``, or ``mi``, so that it is computed in years (defined as
+365 24-hour days, ignoring leap years), months (defined as 30 24-hour
+days), weeks, days, hours, or minutes, respectively. Without a suffix,
+the offset is computed in seconds.
+
+To unset a date, use ``none``, ``never``, or ``unset``.
+
+.. option:: -P date/offset
+
+   This option sets the date on which a key is to be published to the zone. After
+   that date, the key is included in the zone but is not used
+   to sign it. If not set, and if the :option:`-G` option has not been used, the
+   default is the current date.
+
+   .. program:: dnssec-keygen -P
+   .. option:: sync date/offset
+
+      This option sets the date on which CDS and CDNSKEY records that match this key
+      are to be published to the zone.
+
+.. program:: dnssec-keygen
+
+.. option:: -A date/offset
+
+   This option sets the date on which the key is to be activated. After that date,
+   the key is included in the zone and used to sign it. If not set,
+   and if the :option:`-G` option has not been used, the default is the current date. If set,
+   and :option:`-P` is not set, the publication date is set to the
+   activation date minus the prepublication interval.
+
+.. option:: -R date/offset
+
+   This option sets the date on which the key is to be revoked. After that date, the
+   key is flagged as revoked. It is included in the zone and
+   is used to sign it.
+
+.. option:: -I date/offset
+
+   This option sets the date on which the key is to be retired. After that date, the
+   key is still included in the zone, but it is not used to
+   sign it.
+
+
+.. option:: -D date/offset
+
+   This option sets the date on which the key is to be deleted. After that date, the
+   key is no longer included in the zone. (However, it may remain in the key
+   repository.)
+
+   .. program:: dnssec-keygen -D
+   .. option:: sync date/offset
+
+      This option sets the date on which the CDS and CDNSKEY records that match this
+      key are to be deleted.
+
+.. program:: dnssec-keygen
+
+.. option:: -i interval
+
+   This option sets the prepublication interval for a key. If set, then the
+   publication and activation dates must be separated by at least this
+   much time. If the activation date is specified but the publication
+   date is not, the publication date defaults to this much time
+   before the activation date; conversely, if the publication date is
+   specified but not the activation date, activation is set to
+   this much time after publication.
+
+   If the key is being created as an explicit successor to another key,
+   then the default prepublication interval is 30 days; otherwise it is
+   zero.
+
+   As with date offsets, if the argument is followed by one of the
+   suffixes ``y``, ``mo``, ``w``, ``d``, ``h``, or ``mi``, the interval is
+   measured in years, months, weeks, days, hours, or minutes,
+   respectively. Without a suffix, the interval is measured in seconds.
+
+Generated Keys
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+When :program:`dnssec-keygen` completes successfully, it prints a string of the
+form ``Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii`` to the standard output. This is an
+identification string for the key it has generated.
+
+-  ``nnnn`` is the key name.
+
+-  ``aaa`` is the numeric representation of the algorithm.
+
+-  ``iiiii`` is the key identifier (or footprint).
+
+:program:`dnssec-keygen` creates two files, with names based on the printed
+string. ``Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii.key`` contains the public key, and
+``Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii.private`` contains the private key.
+
+The ``.key`` file contains a DNSKEY or KEY record. When a zone is being
+signed by :iscman:`named` or :option:`dnssec-signzone -S`, DNSKEY records are
+included automatically. In other cases, the ``.key`` file can be
+inserted into a zone file manually or with an ``$INCLUDE`` statement.
+
+The ``.private`` file contains algorithm-specific fields. For obvious
+security reasons, this file does not have general read permission.
+
+Example
+~~~~~~~
+
+To generate an ECDSAP256SHA256 zone-signing key for the zone
+``example.com``, issue the command:
+
+``dnssec-keygen -a ECDSAP256SHA256 example.com``
+
+The command prints a string of the form:
+
+``Kexample.com.+013+26160``
+
+In this example, :program:`dnssec-keygen` creates the files
+``Kexample.com.+013+26160.key`` and ``Kexample.com.+013+26160.private``.
+
+To generate a matching key-signing key, issue the command:
+
+``dnssec-keygen -a ECDSAP256SHA256 -f KSK example.com``
+
+See Also
+~~~~~~~~
+
+:iscman:`dnssec-signzone(8) <dnssec-signzone>`, BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual, :rfc:`2539`,
+:rfc:`2845`, :rfc:`4034`.
diff --git a/bin/dnssec/dnssec-revoke.c b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-revoke.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93ee20c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-revoke.c
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+ *
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, you can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ *
+ * See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+ * information regarding copyright ownership.
+ */
+
+/*! \file */
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <isc/attributes.h>
+#include <isc/buffer.h>
+#include <isc/commandline.h>
+#include <isc/file.h>
+#include <isc/hash.h>
+#include <isc/mem.h>
+#include <isc/print.h>
+#include <isc/result.h>
+#include <isc/string.h>
+#include <isc/util.h>
+
+#include <dns/keyvalues.h>
+
+#include <dst/dst.h>
+
+#include "dnssectool.h"
+
+const char *program = "dnssec-revoke";
+
+static isc_mem_t *mctx = NULL;
+
+noreturn static void
+usage(void);
+
+static void
+usage(void) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "Usage:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    %s [options] keyfile\n\n", program);
+	fprintf(stderr, "Version: %s\n", PACKAGE_VERSION);
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -E engine:    specify OpenSSL engine\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -f:           force overwrite\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -h:           help\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -K directory: use directory for key files\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -r:           remove old keyfiles after "
+			"creating revoked version\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -v level:     set level of verbosity\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -V:           print version information\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "Output:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "     K<name>+<alg>+<new id>.key, "
+			"K<name>+<alg>+<new id>.private\n");
+
+	exit(-1);
+}
+
+int
+main(int argc, char **argv) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	const char *engine = NULL;
+	char const *filename = NULL;
+	char *dir = NULL;
+	char newname[1024], oldname[1024];
+	char keystr[DST_KEY_FORMATSIZE];
+	char *endp;
+	int ch;
+	dst_key_t *key = NULL;
+	uint32_t flags;
+	isc_buffer_t buf;
+	bool force = false;
+	bool removefile = false;
+	bool id = false;
+
+	if (argc == 1) {
+		usage();
+	}
+
+	isc_mem_create(&mctx);
+
+	isc_commandline_errprint = false;
+
+	while ((ch = isc_commandline_parse(argc, argv, "E:fK:rRhv:V")) != -1) {
+		switch (ch) {
+		case 'E':
+			engine = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+		case 'f':
+			force = true;
+			break;
+		case 'K':
+			/*
+			 * We don't have to copy it here, but do it to
+			 * simplify cleanup later
+			 */
+			dir = isc_mem_strdup(mctx, isc_commandline_argument);
+			break;
+		case 'r':
+			removefile = true;
+			break;
+		case 'R':
+			id = true;
+			break;
+		case 'v':
+			verbose = strtol(isc_commandline_argument, &endp, 0);
+			if (*endp != '\0') {
+				fatal("-v must be followed by a number");
+			}
+			break;
+		case '?':
+			if (isc_commandline_option != '?') {
+				fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid argument -%c\n",
+					program, isc_commandline_option);
+			}
+			FALLTHROUGH;
+		case 'h':
+			/* Does not return. */
+			usage();
+
+		case 'V':
+			/* Does not return. */
+			version(program);
+
+		default:
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s: unhandled option -%c\n", program,
+				isc_commandline_option);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (argc < isc_commandline_index + 1 ||
+	    argv[isc_commandline_index] == NULL)
+	{
+		fatal("The key file name was not specified");
+	}
+	if (argc > isc_commandline_index + 1) {
+		fatal("Extraneous arguments");
+	}
+
+	if (dir != NULL) {
+		filename = argv[isc_commandline_index];
+	} else {
+		result = isc_file_splitpath(mctx, argv[isc_commandline_index],
+					    &dir, &filename);
+		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fatal("cannot process filename %s: %s",
+			      argv[isc_commandline_index],
+			      isc_result_totext(result));
+		}
+		if (strcmp(dir, ".") == 0) {
+			isc_mem_free(mctx, dir);
+			dir = NULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	result = dst_lib_init(mctx, engine);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("Could not initialize dst: %s",
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+
+	result = dst_key_fromnamedfile(
+		filename, dir, DST_TYPE_PUBLIC | DST_TYPE_PRIVATE, mctx, &key);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("Invalid keyfile name %s: %s", filename,
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+
+	if (id) {
+		fprintf(stdout, "%u\n", dst_key_rid(key));
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+	dst_key_format(key, keystr, sizeof(keystr));
+
+	if (verbose > 2) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", program, keystr);
+	}
+
+	if (force) {
+		set_keyversion(key);
+	} else {
+		check_keyversion(key, keystr);
+	}
+
+	flags = dst_key_flags(key);
+	if ((flags & DNS_KEYFLAG_REVOKE) == 0) {
+		isc_stdtime_t now;
+
+		if ((flags & DNS_KEYFLAG_KSK) == 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"%s: warning: Key is not flagged "
+				"as a KSK. Revoking a ZSK is "
+				"legal, but undefined.\n",
+				program);
+		}
+
+		isc_stdtime_get(&now);
+		dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_REVOKE, now);
+
+		dst_key_setflags(key, flags | DNS_KEYFLAG_REVOKE);
+
+		isc_buffer_init(&buf, newname, sizeof(newname));
+		dst_key_buildfilename(key, DST_TYPE_PUBLIC, dir, &buf);
+
+		if (access(newname, F_OK) == 0 && !force) {
+			fatal("Key file %s already exists; "
+			      "use -f to force overwrite",
+			      newname);
+		}
+
+		result = dst_key_tofile(key, DST_TYPE_PUBLIC | DST_TYPE_PRIVATE,
+					dir);
+		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			dst_key_format(key, keystr, sizeof(keystr));
+			fatal("Failed to write key %s: %s", keystr,
+			      isc_result_totext(result));
+		}
+
+		isc_buffer_clear(&buf);
+		dst_key_buildfilename(key, 0, dir, &buf);
+		printf("%s\n", newname);
+
+		/*
+		 * Remove old key file, if told to (and if
+		 * it isn't the same as the new file)
+		 */
+		if (removefile) {
+			isc_buffer_init(&buf, oldname, sizeof(oldname));
+			dst_key_setflags(key, flags & ~DNS_KEYFLAG_REVOKE);
+			dst_key_buildfilename(key, DST_TYPE_PRIVATE, dir, &buf);
+			if (strcmp(oldname, newname) == 0) {
+				goto cleanup;
+			}
+			(void)unlink(oldname);
+			isc_buffer_clear(&buf);
+			dst_key_buildfilename(key, DST_TYPE_PUBLIC, dir, &buf);
+			(void)unlink(oldname);
+		}
+	} else {
+		dst_key_format(key, keystr, sizeof(keystr));
+		fatal("Key %s is already revoked", keystr);
+	}
+
+cleanup:
+	dst_key_free(&key);
+	dst_lib_destroy();
+	if (verbose > 10) {
+		isc_mem_stats(mctx, stdout);
+	}
+	if (dir != NULL) {
+		isc_mem_free(mctx, dir);
+	}
+	isc_mem_destroy(&mctx);
+
+	return (0);
+}
diff --git a/bin/dnssec/dnssec-revoke.rst b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-revoke.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..052865f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-revoke.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+.. Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+..
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+..
+.. This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+.. License, v. 2.0.  If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+.. file, you can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+..
+.. See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+.. information regarding copyright ownership.
+
+.. highlight: console
+
+.. iscman:: dnssec-revoke
+.. program:: dnssec-revoke
+.. _man_dnssec-revoke:
+
+dnssec-revoke - set the REVOKED bit on a DNSSEC key
+---------------------------------------------------
+
+Synopsis
+~~~~~~~~
+
+:program:`dnssec-revoke` [**-hr**] [**-v** level] [**-V**] [**-K** directory] [**-E** engine] [**-f**] [**-R**] {keyfile}
+
+Description
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+:program:`dnssec-revoke` reads a DNSSEC key file, sets the REVOKED bit on the
+key as defined in :rfc:`5011`, and creates a new pair of key files
+containing the now-revoked key.
+
+Options
+~~~~~~~
+
+.. option:: -h
+
+   This option emits a usage message and exits.
+
+.. option:: -K directory
+
+   This option sets the directory in which the key files are to reside.
+
+.. option:: -r
+
+   This option indicates to remove the original keyset files after writing the new keyset files.
+
+.. option:: -v level
+
+   This option sets the debugging level.
+
+.. option:: -V
+
+   This option prints version information.
+
+.. option:: -E engine
+
+   This option specifies the cryptographic hardware to use, when applicable.
+
+   When BIND 9 is built with OpenSSL, this needs to be set to the OpenSSL
+   engine identifier that drives the cryptographic accelerator or
+   hardware service module (usually ``pkcs11``).
+
+.. option:: -f
+
+   This option indicates a forced overwrite and causes :program:`dnssec-revoke` to write the new key pair,
+   even if a file already exists matching the algorithm and key ID of
+   the revoked key.
+
+.. option:: -R
+
+   This option prints the key tag of the key with the REVOKE bit set, but does not
+   revoke the key.
+
+See Also
+~~~~~~~~
+
+:iscman:`dnssec-keygen(8) <dnssec-keygen>`, BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual, :rfc:`5011`.
diff --git a/bin/dnssec/dnssec-settime.c b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-settime.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..100ff88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-settime.c
@@ -0,0 +1,967 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+ *
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, you can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ *
+ * See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+ * information regarding copyright ownership.
+ */
+
+/*! \file */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <isc/attributes.h>
+#include <isc/buffer.h>
+#include <isc/commandline.h>
+#include <isc/file.h>
+#include <isc/hash.h>
+#include <isc/mem.h>
+#include <isc/print.h>
+#include <isc/result.h>
+#include <isc/string.h>
+#include <isc/time.h>
+#include <isc/util.h>
+
+#include <dns/keyvalues.h>
+#include <dns/log.h>
+
+#include <dst/dst.h>
+
+#include "dnssectool.h"
+
+const char *program = "dnssec-settime";
+
+static isc_mem_t *mctx = NULL;
+
+noreturn static void
+usage(void);
+
+static void
+usage(void) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "Usage:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    %s [options] keyfile\n\n", program);
+	fprintf(stderr, "Version: %s\n", PACKAGE_VERSION);
+	fprintf(stderr, "General options:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -E engine:          specify OpenSSL engine\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -f:                 force update of old-style "
+			"keys\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -K directory:       set key file location\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -L ttl:             set default key TTL\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -v level:           set level of verbosity\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -V:                 print version information\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -h:                 help\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "Timing options:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -P date/[+-]offset/none: set/unset key "
+			"publication date\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -P ds date/[+-]offset/none: set/unset "
+			"DS publication date\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -P sync date/[+-]offset/none: set/unset "
+			"CDS and CDNSKEY publication date\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -A date/[+-]offset/none: set/unset key "
+			"activation date\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -R date/[+-]offset/none: set/unset key "
+			"revocation date\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -I date/[+-]offset/none: set/unset key "
+			"inactivation date\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -D date/[+-]offset/none: set/unset key "
+			"deletion date\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -D ds date/[+-]offset/none: set/unset "
+			"DS deletion date\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -D sync date/[+-]offset/none: set/unset "
+			"CDS and CDNSKEY deletion date\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -S <key>: generate a successor to an existing "
+			"key\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -i <interval>: prepublication interval for "
+			"successor key "
+			"(default: 30 days)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "Key state options:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -s: update key state file (default no)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -g state: set the goal state for this key\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -d state date/[+-]offset: set the DS state\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -k state date/[+-]offset: set the DNSKEY state\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -r state date/[+-]offset: set the RRSIG (KSK) "
+			"state\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -z state date/[+-]offset: set the RRSIG (ZSK) "
+			"state\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "Printing options:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -p C/P/Psync/A/R/I/D/Dsync/all: print a "
+			"particular time value or values\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "    -u:                 print times in unix epoch "
+			"format\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "Output:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "     K<name>+<alg>+<new id>.key, "
+			"K<name>+<alg>+<new id>.private\n");
+
+	exit(-1);
+}
+
+static void
+printtime(dst_key_t *key, int type, const char *tag, bool epoch, FILE *stream) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	isc_stdtime_t when;
+
+	if (tag != NULL) {
+		fprintf(stream, "%s: ", tag);
+	}
+
+	result = dst_key_gettime(key, type, &when);
+	if (result == ISC_R_NOTFOUND) {
+		fprintf(stream, "UNSET\n");
+	} else if (epoch) {
+		fprintf(stream, "%d\n", (int)when);
+	} else {
+		time_t now = when;
+		struct tm t, *tm = localtime_r(&now, &t);
+		unsigned int flen;
+		char timebuf[80];
+
+		if (tm == NULL) {
+			fprintf(stream, "INVALID\n");
+			return;
+		}
+
+		flen = strftime(timebuf, sizeof(timebuf),
+				"%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y", tm);
+		INSIST(flen > 0U && flen < sizeof(timebuf));
+		fprintf(stream, "%s\n", timebuf);
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+writekey(dst_key_t *key, const char *directory, bool write_state) {
+	char newname[1024];
+	char keystr[DST_KEY_FORMATSIZE];
+	isc_buffer_t buf;
+	isc_result_t result;
+	int options = DST_TYPE_PUBLIC | DST_TYPE_PRIVATE;
+
+	if (write_state) {
+		options |= DST_TYPE_STATE;
+	}
+
+	isc_buffer_init(&buf, newname, sizeof(newname));
+	result = dst_key_buildfilename(key, DST_TYPE_PUBLIC, directory, &buf);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("Failed to build public key filename: %s",
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+
+	result = dst_key_tofile(key, options, directory);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		dst_key_format(key, keystr, sizeof(keystr));
+		fatal("Failed to write key %s: %s", keystr,
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+	printf("%s\n", newname);
+
+	isc_buffer_clear(&buf);
+	result = dst_key_buildfilename(key, DST_TYPE_PRIVATE, directory, &buf);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("Failed to build private key filename: %s",
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+	printf("%s\n", newname);
+
+	if (write_state) {
+		isc_buffer_clear(&buf);
+		result = dst_key_buildfilename(key, DST_TYPE_STATE, directory,
+					       &buf);
+		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fatal("Failed to build key state filename: %s",
+			      isc_result_totext(result));
+		}
+		printf("%s\n", newname);
+	}
+}
+
+int
+main(int argc, char **argv) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	const char *engine = NULL;
+	const char *filename = NULL;
+	char *directory = NULL;
+	char keystr[DST_KEY_FORMATSIZE];
+	char *endp, *p;
+	int ch;
+	const char *predecessor = NULL;
+	dst_key_t *prevkey = NULL;
+	dst_key_t *key = NULL;
+	dns_name_t *name = NULL;
+	dns_secalg_t alg = 0;
+	unsigned int size = 0;
+	uint16_t flags = 0;
+	int prepub = -1;
+	int options;
+	dns_ttl_t ttl = 0;
+	isc_stdtime_t now;
+	isc_stdtime_t dstime = 0, dnskeytime = 0;
+	isc_stdtime_t krrsigtime = 0, zrrsigtime = 0;
+	isc_stdtime_t pub = 0, act = 0, rev = 0, inact = 0, del = 0;
+	isc_stdtime_t prevact = 0, previnact = 0, prevdel = 0;
+	dst_key_state_t goal = DST_KEY_STATE_NA;
+	dst_key_state_t ds = DST_KEY_STATE_NA;
+	dst_key_state_t dnskey = DST_KEY_STATE_NA;
+	dst_key_state_t krrsig = DST_KEY_STATE_NA;
+	dst_key_state_t zrrsig = DST_KEY_STATE_NA;
+	bool setgoal = false, setds = false, setdnskey = false;
+	bool setkrrsig = false, setzrrsig = false;
+	bool setdstime = false, setdnskeytime = false;
+	bool setkrrsigtime = false, setzrrsigtime = false;
+	bool setpub = false, setact = false;
+	bool setrev = false, setinact = false;
+	bool setdel = false, setttl = false;
+	bool unsetpub = false, unsetact = false;
+	bool unsetrev = false, unsetinact = false;
+	bool unsetdel = false;
+	bool printcreate = false, printpub = false;
+	bool printact = false, printrev = false;
+	bool printinact = false, printdel = false;
+	bool force = false;
+	bool epoch = false;
+	bool changed = false;
+	bool write_state = false;
+	isc_log_t *log = NULL;
+	isc_stdtime_t syncadd = 0, syncdel = 0;
+	bool unsetsyncadd = false, setsyncadd = false;
+	bool unsetsyncdel = false, setsyncdel = false;
+	bool printsyncadd = false, printsyncdel = false;
+	isc_stdtime_t dsadd = 0, dsdel = 0;
+	bool unsetdsadd = false, setdsadd = false;
+	bool unsetdsdel = false, setdsdel = false;
+	bool printdsadd = false, printdsdel = false;
+
+	options = DST_TYPE_PUBLIC | DST_TYPE_PRIVATE | DST_TYPE_STATE;
+
+	if (argc == 1) {
+		usage();
+	}
+
+	isc_mem_create(&mctx);
+
+	setup_logging(mctx, &log);
+
+	isc_commandline_errprint = false;
+
+	isc_stdtime_get(&now);
+
+#define CMDLINE_FLAGS "A:D:d:E:fg:hI:i:K:k:L:P:p:R:r:S:suv:Vz:"
+	while ((ch = isc_commandline_parse(argc, argv, CMDLINE_FLAGS)) != -1) {
+		switch (ch) {
+		case 'A':
+			if (setact || unsetact) {
+				fatal("-A specified more than once");
+			}
+
+			changed = true;
+			act = strtotime(isc_commandline_argument, now, now,
+					&setact);
+			unsetact = !setact;
+			break;
+		case 'D':
+			/* -Dsync ? */
+			if (isoptarg("sync", argv, usage)) {
+				if (unsetsyncdel || setsyncdel) {
+					fatal("-D sync specified more than "
+					      "once");
+				}
+
+				changed = true;
+				syncdel = strtotime(isc_commandline_argument,
+						    now, now, &setsyncdel);
+				unsetsyncdel = !setsyncdel;
+				break;
+			}
+			/* -Dds ? */
+			if (isoptarg("ds", argv, usage)) {
+				if (unsetdsdel || setdsdel) {
+					fatal("-D ds specified more than once");
+				}
+
+				changed = true;
+				dsdel = strtotime(isc_commandline_argument, now,
+						  now, &setdsdel);
+				unsetdsdel = !setdsdel;
+				break;
+			}
+			/* -Ddnskey ? */
+			(void)isoptarg("dnskey", argv, usage);
+			if (setdel || unsetdel) {
+				fatal("-D specified more than once");
+			}
+
+			changed = true;
+			del = strtotime(isc_commandline_argument, now, now,
+					&setdel);
+			unsetdel = !setdel;
+			break;
+		case 'd':
+			if (setds) {
+				fatal("-d specified more than once");
+			}
+
+			ds = strtokeystate(isc_commandline_argument);
+			setds = true;
+			/* time */
+			(void)isoptarg(isc_commandline_argument, argv, usage);
+			dstime = strtotime(isc_commandline_argument, now, now,
+					   &setdstime);
+			break;
+		case 'E':
+			engine = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+		case 'f':
+			force = true;
+			break;
+		case 'g':
+			if (setgoal) {
+				fatal("-g specified more than once");
+			}
+
+			goal = strtokeystate(isc_commandline_argument);
+			if (goal != DST_KEY_STATE_NA &&
+			    goal != DST_KEY_STATE_HIDDEN &&
+			    goal != DST_KEY_STATE_OMNIPRESENT)
+			{
+				fatal("-g must be either none, hidden, or "
+				      "omnipresent");
+			}
+			setgoal = true;
+			break;
+		case '?':
+			if (isc_commandline_option != '?') {
+				fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid argument -%c\n",
+					program, isc_commandline_option);
+			}
+			FALLTHROUGH;
+		case 'h':
+			/* Does not return. */
+			usage();
+		case 'I':
+			if (setinact || unsetinact) {
+				fatal("-I specified more than once");
+			}
+
+			changed = true;
+			inact = strtotime(isc_commandline_argument, now, now,
+					  &setinact);
+			unsetinact = !setinact;
+			break;
+		case 'i':
+			prepub = strtottl(isc_commandline_argument);
+			break;
+		case 'K':
+			/*
+			 * We don't have to copy it here, but do it to
+			 * simplify cleanup later
+			 */
+			directory = isc_mem_strdup(mctx,
+						   isc_commandline_argument);
+			break;
+		case 'k':
+			if (setdnskey) {
+				fatal("-k specified more than once");
+			}
+
+			dnskey = strtokeystate(isc_commandline_argument);
+			setdnskey = true;
+			/* time */
+			(void)isoptarg(isc_commandline_argument, argv, usage);
+			dnskeytime = strtotime(isc_commandline_argument, now,
+					       now, &setdnskeytime);
+			break;
+		case 'L':
+			ttl = strtottl(isc_commandline_argument);
+			setttl = true;
+			break;
+		case 'P':
+			/* -Psync ? */
+			if (isoptarg("sync", argv, usage)) {
+				if (unsetsyncadd || setsyncadd) {
+					fatal("-P sync specified more than "
+					      "once");
+				}
+
+				changed = true;
+				syncadd = strtotime(isc_commandline_argument,
+						    now, now, &setsyncadd);
+				unsetsyncadd = !setsyncadd;
+				break;
+			}
+			/* -Pds ? */
+			if (isoptarg("ds", argv, usage)) {
+				if (unsetdsadd || setdsadd) {
+					fatal("-P ds specified more than once");
+				}
+
+				changed = true;
+				dsadd = strtotime(isc_commandline_argument, now,
+						  now, &setdsadd);
+				unsetdsadd = !setdsadd;
+				break;
+			}
+			/* -Pdnskey ? */
+			(void)isoptarg("dnskey", argv, usage);
+			if (setpub || unsetpub) {
+				fatal("-P specified more than once");
+			}
+
+			changed = true;
+			pub = strtotime(isc_commandline_argument, now, now,
+					&setpub);
+			unsetpub = !setpub;
+			break;
+		case 'p':
+			p = isc_commandline_argument;
+			if (!strcasecmp(p, "all")) {
+				printcreate = true;
+				printpub = true;
+				printact = true;
+				printrev = true;
+				printinact = true;
+				printdel = true;
+				printsyncadd = true;
+				printsyncdel = true;
+				printdsadd = true;
+				printdsdel = true;
+				break;
+			}
+
+			do {
+				switch (*p++) {
+				case 'A':
+					printact = true;
+					break;
+				case 'C':
+					printcreate = true;
+					break;
+				case 'D':
+					if (!strncmp(p, "sync", 4)) {
+						p += 4;
+						printsyncdel = true;
+						break;
+					}
+					if (!strncmp(p, "ds", 2)) {
+						p += 2;
+						printdsdel = true;
+						break;
+					}
+					printdel = true;
+					break;
+				case 'I':
+					printinact = true;
+					break;
+				case 'P':
+					if (!strncmp(p, "sync", 4)) {
+						p += 4;
+						printsyncadd = true;
+						break;
+					}
+					if (!strncmp(p, "ds", 2)) {
+						p += 2;
+						printdsadd = true;
+						break;
+					}
+					printpub = true;
+					break;
+				case 'R':
+					printrev = true;
+					break;
+				case ' ':
+					break;
+				default:
+					usage();
+					break;
+				}
+			} while (*p != '\0');
+			break;
+		case 'R':
+			if (setrev || unsetrev) {
+				fatal("-R specified more than once");
+			}
+
+			changed = true;
+			rev = strtotime(isc_commandline_argument, now, now,
+					&setrev);
+			unsetrev = !setrev;
+			break;
+		case 'r':
+			if (setkrrsig) {
+				fatal("-r specified more than once");
+			}
+
+			krrsig = strtokeystate(isc_commandline_argument);
+			setkrrsig = true;
+			/* time */
+			(void)isoptarg(isc_commandline_argument, argv, usage);
+			krrsigtime = strtotime(isc_commandline_argument, now,
+					       now, &setkrrsigtime);
+			break;
+		case 'S':
+			predecessor = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+		case 's':
+			write_state = true;
+			break;
+		case 'u':
+			epoch = true;
+			break;
+		case 'V':
+			/* Does not return. */
+			version(program);
+		case 'v':
+			verbose = strtol(isc_commandline_argument, &endp, 0);
+			if (*endp != '\0') {
+				fatal("-v must be followed by a number");
+			}
+			break;
+		case 'z':
+			if (setzrrsig) {
+				fatal("-z specified more than once");
+			}
+
+			zrrsig = strtokeystate(isc_commandline_argument);
+			setzrrsig = true;
+			(void)isoptarg(isc_commandline_argument, argv, usage);
+			zrrsigtime = strtotime(isc_commandline_argument, now,
+					       now, &setzrrsigtime);
+			break;
+
+		default:
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s: unhandled option -%c\n", program,
+				isc_commandline_option);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (argc < isc_commandline_index + 1 ||
+	    argv[isc_commandline_index] == NULL)
+	{
+		fatal("The key file name was not specified");
+	}
+	if (argc > isc_commandline_index + 1) {
+		fatal("Extraneous arguments");
+	}
+
+	if ((setgoal || setds || setdnskey || setkrrsig || setzrrsig) &&
+	    !write_state)
+	{
+		fatal("Options -g, -d, -k, -r and -z require -s to be set");
+	}
+
+	result = dst_lib_init(mctx, engine);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("Could not initialize dst: %s",
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+
+	if (predecessor != NULL) {
+		int major, minor;
+
+		if (prepub == -1) {
+			prepub = (30 * 86400);
+		}
+
+		if (setpub || unsetpub) {
+			fatal("-S and -P cannot be used together");
+		}
+		if (setact || unsetact) {
+			fatal("-S and -A cannot be used together");
+		}
+
+		result = dst_key_fromnamedfile(predecessor, directory, options,
+					       mctx, &prevkey);
+		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fatal("Invalid keyfile %s: %s", filename,
+			      isc_result_totext(result));
+		}
+		if (!dst_key_isprivate(prevkey) && !dst_key_isexternal(prevkey))
+		{
+			fatal("%s is not a private key", filename);
+		}
+
+		name = dst_key_name(prevkey);
+		alg = dst_key_alg(prevkey);
+		size = dst_key_size(prevkey);
+		flags = dst_key_flags(prevkey);
+
+		dst_key_format(prevkey, keystr, sizeof(keystr));
+		dst_key_getprivateformat(prevkey, &major, &minor);
+		if (major != DST_MAJOR_VERSION || minor < DST_MINOR_VERSION) {
+			fatal("Predecessor has incompatible format "
+			      "version %d.%d\n\t",
+			      major, minor);
+		}
+
+		result = dst_key_gettime(prevkey, DST_TIME_ACTIVATE, &prevact);
+		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fatal("Predecessor has no activation date. "
+			      "You must set one before\n\t"
+			      "generating a successor.");
+		}
+
+		result = dst_key_gettime(prevkey, DST_TIME_INACTIVE,
+					 &previnact);
+		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fatal("Predecessor has no inactivation date. "
+			      "You must set one before\n\t"
+			      "generating a successor.");
+		}
+
+		pub = previnact - prepub;
+		act = previnact;
+
+		if ((previnact - prepub) < now && prepub != 0) {
+			fatal("Time until predecessor inactivation is\n\t"
+			      "shorter than the prepublication interval.  "
+			      "Either change\n\t"
+			      "predecessor inactivation date, or use the -i "
+			      "option to set\n\t"
+			      "a shorter prepublication interval.");
+		}
+
+		result = dst_key_gettime(prevkey, DST_TIME_DELETE, &prevdel);
+		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"%s: warning: Predecessor has no "
+				"removal date;\n\t"
+				"it will remain in the zone "
+				"indefinitely after rollover.\n",
+				program);
+		} else if (prevdel < previnact) {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"%s: warning: Predecessor is "
+				"scheduled to be deleted\n\t"
+				"before it is scheduled to be "
+				"inactive.\n",
+				program);
+		}
+
+		changed = setpub = setact = true;
+	} else {
+		if (prepub < 0) {
+			prepub = 0;
+		}
+
+		if (prepub > 0) {
+			if (setpub && setact && (act - prepub) < pub) {
+				fatal("Activation and publication dates "
+				      "are closer together than the\n\t"
+				      "prepublication interval.");
+			}
+
+			if (setpub && !setact) {
+				setact = true;
+				act = pub + prepub;
+			} else if (setact && !setpub) {
+				setpub = true;
+				pub = act - prepub;
+			}
+
+			if ((act - prepub) < now) {
+				fatal("Time until activation is shorter "
+				      "than the\n\tprepublication interval.");
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (directory != NULL) {
+		filename = argv[isc_commandline_index];
+	} else {
+		result = isc_file_splitpath(mctx, argv[isc_commandline_index],
+					    &directory, &filename);
+		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fatal("cannot process filename %s: %s",
+			      argv[isc_commandline_index],
+			      isc_result_totext(result));
+		}
+	}
+
+	result = dst_key_fromnamedfile(filename, directory, options, mctx,
+				       &key);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("Invalid keyfile %s: %s", filename,
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+
+	if (!dst_key_isprivate(key) && !dst_key_isexternal(key)) {
+		fatal("%s is not a private key", filename);
+	}
+
+	dst_key_format(key, keystr, sizeof(keystr));
+
+	if (predecessor != NULL) {
+		if (!dns_name_equal(name, dst_key_name(key))) {
+			fatal("Key name mismatch");
+		}
+		if (alg != dst_key_alg(key)) {
+			fatal("Key algorithm mismatch");
+		}
+		if (size != dst_key_size(key)) {
+			fatal("Key size mismatch");
+		}
+		if (flags != dst_key_flags(key)) {
+			fatal("Key flags mismatch");
+		}
+	}
+
+	prevdel = previnact = 0;
+	if ((setdel && setinact && del < inact) ||
+	    (dst_key_gettime(key, DST_TIME_INACTIVE, &previnact) ==
+		     ISC_R_SUCCESS &&
+	     setdel && !setinact && !unsetinact && del < previnact) ||
+	    (dst_key_gettime(key, DST_TIME_DELETE, &prevdel) == ISC_R_SUCCESS &&
+	     setinact && !setdel && !unsetdel && prevdel < inact) ||
+	    (!setdel && !unsetdel && !setinact && !unsetinact && prevdel != 0 &&
+	     prevdel < previnact))
+	{
+		fprintf(stderr,
+			"%s: warning: Key is scheduled to "
+			"be deleted before it is\n\t"
+			"scheduled to be inactive.\n",
+			program);
+	}
+
+	if (force) {
+		set_keyversion(key);
+	} else {
+		check_keyversion(key, keystr);
+	}
+
+	if (verbose > 2) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", program, keystr);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Set time values.
+	 */
+	if (setpub) {
+		dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_PUBLISH, pub);
+	} else if (unsetpub) {
+		dst_key_unsettime(key, DST_TIME_PUBLISH);
+	}
+
+	if (setact) {
+		dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_ACTIVATE, act);
+	} else if (unsetact) {
+		dst_key_unsettime(key, DST_TIME_ACTIVATE);
+	}
+
+	if (setrev) {
+		if ((dst_key_flags(key) & DNS_KEYFLAG_REVOKE) != 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"%s: warning: Key %s is already "
+				"revoked; changing the revocation date "
+				"will not affect this.\n",
+				program, keystr);
+		}
+		if ((dst_key_flags(key) & DNS_KEYFLAG_KSK) == 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"%s: warning: Key %s is not flagged as "
+				"a KSK, but -R was used.  Revoking a "
+				"ZSK is legal, but undefined.\n",
+				program, keystr);
+		}
+		dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_REVOKE, rev);
+	} else if (unsetrev) {
+		if ((dst_key_flags(key) & DNS_KEYFLAG_REVOKE) != 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"%s: warning: Key %s is already "
+				"revoked; removing the revocation date "
+				"will not affect this.\n",
+				program, keystr);
+		}
+		dst_key_unsettime(key, DST_TIME_REVOKE);
+	}
+
+	if (setinact) {
+		dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_INACTIVE, inact);
+	} else if (unsetinact) {
+		dst_key_unsettime(key, DST_TIME_INACTIVE);
+	}
+
+	if (setdel) {
+		dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_DELETE, del);
+	} else if (unsetdel) {
+		dst_key_unsettime(key, DST_TIME_DELETE);
+	}
+
+	if (setsyncadd) {
+		dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_SYNCPUBLISH, syncadd);
+	} else if (unsetsyncadd) {
+		dst_key_unsettime(key, DST_TIME_SYNCPUBLISH);
+	}
+
+	if (setsyncdel) {
+		dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_SYNCDELETE, syncdel);
+	} else if (unsetsyncdel) {
+		dst_key_unsettime(key, DST_TIME_SYNCDELETE);
+	}
+
+	if (setdsadd) {
+		dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_DSPUBLISH, dsadd);
+	} else if (unsetdsadd) {
+		dst_key_unsettime(key, DST_TIME_DSPUBLISH);
+	}
+
+	if (setdsdel) {
+		dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_DSDELETE, dsdel);
+	} else if (unsetdsdel) {
+		dst_key_unsettime(key, DST_TIME_DSDELETE);
+	}
+
+	if (setttl) {
+		dst_key_setttl(key, ttl);
+	}
+
+	if (predecessor != NULL && prevkey != NULL) {
+		dst_key_setnum(prevkey, DST_NUM_SUCCESSOR, dst_key_id(key));
+		dst_key_setnum(key, DST_NUM_PREDECESSOR, dst_key_id(prevkey));
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * No metadata changes were made but we're forcing an upgrade
+	 * to the new format anyway: use "-P now -A now" as the default
+	 */
+	if (force && !changed) {
+		dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_PUBLISH, now);
+		dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_ACTIVATE, now);
+		changed = true;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Make sure the key state goals are written.
+	 */
+	if (write_state) {
+		if (setgoal) {
+			if (goal == DST_KEY_STATE_NA) {
+				dst_key_unsetstate(key, DST_KEY_GOAL);
+			} else {
+				dst_key_setstate(key, DST_KEY_GOAL, goal);
+			}
+			changed = true;
+		}
+		if (setds) {
+			if (ds == DST_KEY_STATE_NA) {
+				dst_key_unsetstate(key, DST_KEY_DS);
+				dst_key_unsettime(key, DST_TIME_DS);
+			} else {
+				dst_key_setstate(key, DST_KEY_DS, ds);
+				dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_DS, dstime);
+			}
+			changed = true;
+		}
+		if (setdnskey) {
+			if (dnskey == DST_KEY_STATE_NA) {
+				dst_key_unsetstate(key, DST_KEY_DNSKEY);
+				dst_key_unsettime(key, DST_TIME_DNSKEY);
+			} else {
+				dst_key_setstate(key, DST_KEY_DNSKEY, dnskey);
+				dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_DNSKEY,
+						dnskeytime);
+			}
+			changed = true;
+		}
+		if (setkrrsig) {
+			if (krrsig == DST_KEY_STATE_NA) {
+				dst_key_unsetstate(key, DST_KEY_KRRSIG);
+				dst_key_unsettime(key, DST_TIME_KRRSIG);
+			} else {
+				dst_key_setstate(key, DST_KEY_KRRSIG, krrsig);
+				dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_KRRSIG,
+						krrsigtime);
+			}
+			changed = true;
+		}
+		if (setzrrsig) {
+			if (zrrsig == DST_KEY_STATE_NA) {
+				dst_key_unsetstate(key, DST_KEY_ZRRSIG);
+				dst_key_unsettime(key, DST_TIME_ZRRSIG);
+			} else {
+				dst_key_setstate(key, DST_KEY_ZRRSIG, zrrsig);
+				dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_ZRRSIG,
+						zrrsigtime);
+			}
+			changed = true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!changed && setttl) {
+		changed = true;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Print out time values, if -p was used.
+	 */
+	if (printcreate) {
+		printtime(key, DST_TIME_CREATED, "Created", epoch, stdout);
+	}
+
+	if (printpub) {
+		printtime(key, DST_TIME_PUBLISH, "Publish", epoch, stdout);
+	}
+
+	if (printact) {
+		printtime(key, DST_TIME_ACTIVATE, "Activate", epoch, stdout);
+	}
+
+	if (printrev) {
+		printtime(key, DST_TIME_REVOKE, "Revoke", epoch, stdout);
+	}
+
+	if (printinact) {
+		printtime(key, DST_TIME_INACTIVE, "Inactive", epoch, stdout);
+	}
+
+	if (printdel) {
+		printtime(key, DST_TIME_DELETE, "Delete", epoch, stdout);
+	}
+
+	if (printsyncadd) {
+		printtime(key, DST_TIME_SYNCPUBLISH, "SYNC Publish", epoch,
+			  stdout);
+	}
+
+	if (printsyncdel) {
+		printtime(key, DST_TIME_SYNCDELETE, "SYNC Delete", epoch,
+			  stdout);
+	}
+
+	if (printdsadd) {
+		printtime(key, DST_TIME_DSPUBLISH, "DS Publish", epoch, stdout);
+	}
+
+	if (printdsdel) {
+		printtime(key, DST_TIME_DSDELETE, "DS Delete", epoch, stdout);
+	}
+
+	if (changed) {
+		writekey(key, directory, write_state);
+		if (predecessor != NULL && prevkey != NULL) {
+			writekey(prevkey, directory, write_state);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (prevkey != NULL) {
+		dst_key_free(&prevkey);
+	}
+	dst_key_free(&key);
+	dst_lib_destroy();
+	if (verbose > 10) {
+		isc_mem_stats(mctx, stdout);
+	}
+	cleanup_logging(&log);
+	isc_mem_free(mctx, directory);
+	isc_mem_destroy(&mctx);
+
+	return (0);
+}
diff --git a/bin/dnssec/dnssec-settime.rst b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-settime.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5cb4ea8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-settime.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+.. Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+..
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+..
+.. This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+.. License, v. 2.0.  If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+.. file, you can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+..
+.. See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+.. information regarding copyright ownership.
+
+.. highlight: console
+
+.. iscman:: dnssec-settime
+.. program:: dnssec-settime
+.. _man_dnssec-settime:
+
+dnssec-settime: set the key timing metadata for a DNSSEC key
+------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Synopsis
+~~~~~~~~
+
+:program:`dnssec-settime` [**-f**] [**-K** directory] [**-L** ttl] [**-P** date/offset] [**-P** ds date/offset] [**-P** sync date/offset] [**-A** date/offset] [**-R** date/offset] [**-I** date/offset] [**-D** date/offset] [**-D** ds date/offset] [**-D** sync date/offset] [**-S** key] [**-i** interval] [**-h**] [**-V**] [**-v** level] [**-E** engine] {keyfile} [**-s**] [**-g** state] [**-d** state date/offset] [**-k** state date/offset] [**-r** state date/offset] [**-z** state date/offset]
+
+Description
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+:program:`dnssec-settime` reads a DNSSEC private key file and sets the key
+timing metadata as specified by the :option:`-P`, :option:`-A`, :option:`-R`,
+:option:`-I`, and :option:`-D` options. The metadata can then be used by
+:iscman:`dnssec-signzone` or other signing software to determine when a key is
+to be published, whether it should be used for signing a zone, etc.
+
+If none of these options is set on the command line,
+:program:`dnssec-settime` simply prints the key timing metadata already stored
+in the key.
+
+When key metadata fields are changed, both files of a key pair
+(``Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii.key`` and ``Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii.private``) are
+regenerated.
+
+Metadata fields are stored in the private file. A
+human-readable description of the metadata is also placed in comments in
+the key file. The private file's permissions are always set to be
+inaccessible to anyone other than the owner (mode 0600).
+
+When working with state files, it is possible to update the timing metadata in
+those files as well with :option:`-s`.  With this option, it is also possible
+to update key states with :option:`-d` (DS), :option:`-k` (DNSKEY), :option:`-r`
+(RRSIG of KSK), or :option:`-z` (RRSIG of ZSK). Allowed states are HIDDEN,
+RUMOURED, OMNIPRESENT, and UNRETENTIVE.
+
+The goal state of the key can also be set with :option:`-g`. This should be either
+HIDDEN or OMNIPRESENT, representing whether the key should be removed from the
+zone or published.
+
+It is NOT RECOMMENDED to manipulate state files manually, except for testing
+purposes.
+
+Options
+~~~~~~~
+
+.. option:: -f
+
+   This option forces an update of an old-format key with no metadata fields. Without
+   this option, :program:`dnssec-settime` fails when attempting to update a
+   legacy key. With this option, the key is recreated in the new
+   format, but with the original key data retained. The key's creation
+   date is set to the present time. If no other values are
+   specified, then the key's publication and activation dates are also
+   set to the present time.
+
+.. option:: -K directory
+
+   This option sets the directory in which the key files are to reside.
+
+.. option:: -L ttl
+
+   This option sets the default TTL to use for this key when it is converted into a
+   DNSKEY RR. This is the TTL used when the key is imported into a zone,
+   unless there was already a DNSKEY RRset in
+   place, in which case the existing TTL takes precedence. If this
+   value is not set and there is no existing DNSKEY RRset, the TTL
+   defaults to the SOA TTL. Setting the default TTL to ``0`` or ``none``
+   removes it from the key.
+
+.. option:: -h
+
+   This option emits a usage message and exits.
+
+.. option:: -V
+
+   This option prints version information.
+
+.. option:: -v level
+
+   This option sets the debugging level.
+
+.. option:: -E engine
+
+   This option specifies the cryptographic hardware to use, when applicable.
+
+   When BIND 9 is built with OpenSSL, this needs to be set to the OpenSSL
+   engine identifier that drives the cryptographic accelerator or
+   hardware service module (usually ``pkcs11``).
+
+Timing Options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Dates can be expressed in the format YYYYMMDD or YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
+(which is the format used inside key files),
+or 'Day Mon DD HH:MM:SS YYYY' (as printed by ``dnssec-settime -p``),
+or UNIX epoch time (as printed by ``dnssec-settime -up``),
+or the literal ``now``.
+
+The argument can be followed by ``+`` or ``-`` and an offset from the
+given time. The literal ``now`` can be omitted before an offset. The
+offset can be followed by one of the suffixes ``y``, ``mo``, ``w``,
+``d``, ``h``, or ``mi``, so that it is computed in years (defined as
+365 24-hour days, ignoring leap years), months (defined as 30 24-hour
+days), weeks, days, hours, or minutes, respectively. Without a suffix,
+the offset is computed in seconds.
+
+To unset a date, use ``none``, ``never``, or ``unset``.
+
+All these formats are case-insensitive.
+
+.. option:: -P date/offset
+
+   This option sets the date on which a key is to be published to the zone. After
+   that date, the key is included in the zone but is not used
+   to sign it.
+
+   .. program:: dnssec-settime -P
+   .. option:: ds date/offset
+
+      This option sets the date on which DS records that match this key have been
+      seen in the parent zone.
+
+   .. option:: sync date/offset
+
+      This option sets the date on which CDS and CDNSKEY records that match this key
+      are to be published to the zone.
+
+.. program:: dnssec-settime
+
+.. option:: -A date/offset
+
+   This option sets the date on which the key is to be activated. After that date,
+   the key is included in the zone and used to sign it.
+
+.. option:: -R date/offset
+
+   This option sets the date on which the key is to be revoked. After that date, the
+   key is flagged as revoked. It is included in the zone and
+   is used to sign it.
+
+.. option:: -I date/offset
+
+   This option sets the date on which the key is to be retired. After that date, the
+   key is still included in the zone, but it is not used to
+   sign it.
+
+.. option:: -D date/offset
+
+   This option sets the date on which the key is to be deleted. After that date, the
+   key is no longer included in the zone. (However, it may remain in the key
+   repository.)
+
+   .. program:: dnssec-settime -D
+   .. option:: ds date/offset
+
+      This option sets the date on which the DS records that match this key have
+      been seen removed from the parent zone.
+
+   .. option:: sync date/offset
+
+      This option sets the date on which the CDS and CDNSKEY records that match this
+      key are to be deleted.
+
+.. program:: dnssec-settime
+
+.. option:: -S predecessor key
+
+   This option selects a key for which the key being modified is an explicit
+   successor. The name, algorithm, size, and type of the predecessor key
+   must exactly match those of the key being modified. The activation
+   date of the successor key is set to the inactivation date of the
+   predecessor. The publication date is set to the activation date
+   minus the prepublication interval, which defaults to 30 days.
+
+.. option:: -i interval
+
+   This option sets the prepublication interval for a key. If set, then the
+   publication and activation dates must be separated by at least this
+   much time. If the activation date is specified but the publication
+   date is not, the publication date defaults to this much time
+   before the activation date; conversely, if the publication date is
+   specified but not the activation date, activation is set to
+   this much time after publication.
+
+   If the key is being created as an explicit successor to another key,
+   then the default prepublication interval is 30 days; otherwise it is
+   zero.
+
+   As with date offsets, if the argument is followed by one of the
+   suffixes ``y``, ``mo``, ``w``, ``d``, ``h``, or ``mi``, the interval is
+   measured in years, months, weeks, days, hours, or minutes,
+   respectively. Without a suffix, the interval is measured in seconds.
+
+Key State Options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+To test dnssec-policy it may be necessary to construct keys with artificial
+state information; these options are used by the testing framework for that
+purpose, but should never be used in production.
+
+Known key states are HIDDEN, RUMOURED, OMNIPRESENT, and UNRETENTIVE.
+
+.. option:: -s
+
+   This option indicates that when setting key timing data, the state file should also be updated.
+
+.. option:: -g state
+
+   This option sets the goal state for this key. Must be HIDDEN or OMNIPRESENT.
+
+.. option:: -d state date/offset
+
+   This option sets the DS state for this key as of the specified date, offset from the current date.
+
+.. option:: -k state date/offset
+
+   This option sets the DNSKEY state for this key as of the specified date, offset from the current date.
+
+.. option:: -r state date/offset
+
+   This option sets the RRSIG (KSK) state for this key as of the specified date, offset from the current date.
+
+.. option:: -z state date/offset
+
+   This option sets the RRSIG (ZSK) state for this key as of the specified date, offset from the current date.
+
+Printing Options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+:program:`dnssec-settime` can also be used to print the timing metadata
+associated with a key.
+
+.. option:: -u
+
+   This option indicates that times should be printed in Unix epoch format.
+
+.. option:: -p C/P/Pds/Psync/A/R/I/D/Dds/Dsync/all
+
+   This option prints a specific metadata value or set of metadata values.
+   The :option:`-p` option may be followed by one or more of the following letters or
+   strings to indicate which value or values to print: ``C`` for the
+   creation date, ``P`` for the publication date, ``Pds` for the DS publication
+   date, ``Psync`` for the CDS and CDNSKEY publication date, ``A`` for the
+   activation date, ``R`` for the revocation date, ``I`` for the inactivation
+   date, ``D`` for the deletion date, ``Dds`` for the DS deletion date,
+   and ``Dsync`` for the CDS and CDNSKEY deletion date. To print all of the
+   metadata, use ``all``.
+
+See Also
+~~~~~~~~
+
+:iscman:`dnssec-keygen(8) <dnssec-keygen>`, :iscman:`dnssec-signzone(8) <dnssec-signzone>`, BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual,
+:rfc:`5011`.
diff --git a/bin/dnssec/dnssec-signzone.c b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-signzone.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f52457c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-signzone.c
@@ -0,0 +1,4165 @@
+/*
+ * Portions Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+ *
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, you can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ *
+ * See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+ * information regarding copyright ownership.
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (C) Network Associates, Inc.
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC AND NETWORK ASSOCIATES DISCLAIMS
+ * ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS.  IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR
+ * IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*! \file */
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <isc/app.h>
+#include <isc/atomic.h>
+#include <isc/attributes.h>
+#include <isc/base32.h>
+#include <isc/commandline.h>
+#include <isc/dir.h>
+#include <isc/event.h>
+#include <isc/file.h>
+#include <isc/hash.h>
+#include <isc/hex.h>
+#include <isc/managers.h>
+#include <isc/md.h>
+#include <isc/mem.h>
+#include <isc/mutex.h>
+#include <isc/os.h>
+#include <isc/print.h>
+#include <isc/random.h>
+#include <isc/result.h>
+#include <isc/rwlock.h>
+#include <isc/safe.h>
+#include <isc/serial.h>
+#include <isc/stdio.h>
+#include <isc/string.h>
+#include <isc/task.h>
+#include <isc/time.h>
+#include <isc/util.h>
+
+#include <dns/db.h>
+#include <dns/dbiterator.h>
+#include <dns/diff.h>
+#include <dns/dnssec.h>
+#include <dns/ds.h>
+#include <dns/fixedname.h>
+#include <dns/keyvalues.h>
+#include <dns/log.h>
+#include <dns/master.h>
+#include <dns/masterdump.h>
+#include <dns/nsec.h>
+#include <dns/nsec3.h>
+#include <dns/rdata.h>
+#include <dns/rdataclass.h>
+#include <dns/rdatalist.h>
+#include <dns/rdataset.h>
+#include <dns/rdatasetiter.h>
+#include <dns/rdatastruct.h>
+#include <dns/rdatatype.h>
+#include <dns/soa.h>
+#include <dns/time.h>
+#include <dns/update.h>
+#include <dns/zoneverify.h>
+
+#include <dst/dst.h>
+
+#include "dnssectool.h"
+
+const char *program = "dnssec-signzone";
+
+typedef struct hashlist hashlist_t;
+
+static int nsec_datatype = dns_rdatatype_nsec;
+
+#define check_dns_dbiterator_current(result)                               \
+	check_result((result == DNS_R_NEWORIGIN) ? ISC_R_SUCCESS : result, \
+		     "dns_dbiterator_current()")
+
+#define IS_NSEC3  (nsec_datatype == dns_rdatatype_nsec3)
+#define OPTOUT(x) (((x)&DNS_NSEC3FLAG_OPTOUT) != 0)
+
+#define REVOKE(x) ((dst_key_flags(x) & DNS_KEYFLAG_REVOKE) != 0)
+
+#define BUFSIZE	  2048
+#define MAXDSKEYS 8
+
+#define SIGNER_EVENTCLASS  ISC_EVENTCLASS(0x4453)
+#define SIGNER_EVENT_WRITE (SIGNER_EVENTCLASS + 0)
+#define SIGNER_EVENT_WORK  (SIGNER_EVENTCLASS + 1)
+
+#define SOA_SERIAL_KEEP	     0
+#define SOA_SERIAL_INCREMENT 1
+#define SOA_SERIAL_UNIXTIME  2
+#define SOA_SERIAL_DATE	     3
+
+typedef struct signer_event sevent_t;
+struct signer_event {
+	ISC_EVENT_COMMON(sevent_t);
+	dns_fixedname_t *fname;
+	dns_dbnode_t *node;
+};
+
+static dns_dnsseckeylist_t keylist;
+static unsigned int keycount = 0;
+static isc_rwlock_t keylist_lock;
+static isc_stdtime_t starttime = 0, endtime = 0, dnskey_endtime = 0, now;
+static int cycle = -1;
+static int jitter = 0;
+static bool tryverify = false;
+static bool printstats = false;
+static isc_mem_t *mctx = NULL;
+static dns_ttl_t zone_soa_min_ttl;
+static dns_ttl_t soa_ttl;
+static FILE *outfp = NULL;
+static char *tempfile = NULL;
+static const dns_master_style_t *masterstyle;
+static dns_masterformat_t inputformat = dns_masterformat_text;
+static dns_masterformat_t outputformat = dns_masterformat_text;
+static uint32_t rawversion = 1, serialnum = 0;
+static bool snset = false;
+static unsigned int nsigned = 0, nretained = 0, ndropped = 0;
+static unsigned int nverified = 0, nverifyfailed = 0;
+static const char *directory = NULL, *dsdir = NULL;
+static isc_mutex_t namelock, statslock;
+static isc_nm_t *netmgr = NULL;
+static isc_taskmgr_t *taskmgr = NULL;
+static dns_db_t *gdb;		  /* The database */
+static dns_dbversion_t *gversion; /* The database version */
+static dns_dbiterator_t *gdbiter; /* The database iterator */
+static dns_rdataclass_t gclass;	  /* The class */
+static dns_name_t *gorigin;	  /* The database origin */
+static int nsec3flags = 0;
+static dns_iterations_t nsec3iter = 0U;
+static unsigned char saltbuf[255];
+static unsigned char *gsalt = saltbuf;
+static size_t salt_length = 0;
+static isc_task_t *main_task = NULL;
+static unsigned int ntasks = 0;
+static atomic_bool shuttingdown;
+static atomic_bool finished;
+static bool nokeys = false;
+static bool removefile = false;
+static bool generateds = false;
+static bool ignore_kskflag = false;
+static bool keyset_kskonly = false;
+static dns_master_style_t *dsstyle = NULL;
+static unsigned int serialformat = SOA_SERIAL_KEEP;
+static unsigned int hash_length = 0;
+static bool unknownalg = false;
+static bool disable_zone_check = false;
+static bool update_chain = false;
+static bool set_keyttl = false;
+static dns_ttl_t keyttl;
+static bool smartsign = false;
+static bool remove_orphansigs = false;
+static bool remove_inactkeysigs = false;
+static bool output_dnssec_only = false;
+static bool output_stdout = false;
+static bool set_maxttl = false;
+static dns_ttl_t maxttl = 0;
+static bool no_max_check = false;
+
+#define INCSTAT(counter)            \
+	if (printstats) {           \
+		LOCK(&statslock);   \
+		counter++;          \
+		UNLOCK(&statslock); \
+	}
+
+static void
+sign(isc_task_t *task, isc_event_t *event);
+
+/*%
+ * Store a copy of 'name' in 'fzonecut' and return a pointer to that copy.
+ */
+static dns_name_t *
+savezonecut(dns_fixedname_t *fzonecut, dns_name_t *name) {
+	dns_name_t *result;
+
+	result = dns_fixedname_initname(fzonecut);
+	dns_name_copy(name, result);
+
+	return (result);
+}
+
+static void
+dumpnode(dns_name_t *name, dns_dbnode_t *node) {
+	dns_rdataset_t rds;
+	dns_rdatasetiter_t *iter = NULL;
+	isc_buffer_t *buffer = NULL;
+	isc_region_t r;
+	isc_result_t result;
+	unsigned bufsize = 4096;
+
+	if (outputformat != dns_masterformat_text) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (!output_dnssec_only) {
+		result = dns_master_dumpnodetostream(mctx, gdb, gversion, node,
+						     name, masterstyle, outfp);
+		check_result(result, "dns_master_dumpnodetostream");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	result = dns_db_allrdatasets(gdb, node, gversion, 0, 0, &iter);
+	check_result(result, "dns_db_allrdatasets");
+
+	dns_rdataset_init(&rds);
+
+	isc_buffer_allocate(mctx, &buffer, bufsize);
+
+	for (result = dns_rdatasetiter_first(iter); result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
+	     result = dns_rdatasetiter_next(iter))
+	{
+		dns_rdatasetiter_current(iter, &rds);
+
+		if (rds.type != dns_rdatatype_rrsig &&
+		    rds.type != dns_rdatatype_nsec &&
+		    rds.type != dns_rdatatype_nsec3 &&
+		    rds.type != dns_rdatatype_nsec3param &&
+		    (!smartsign || rds.type != dns_rdatatype_dnskey))
+		{
+			dns_rdataset_disassociate(&rds);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		for (;;) {
+			result = dns_master_rdatasettotext(
+				name, &rds, masterstyle, NULL, buffer);
+			if (result != ISC_R_NOSPACE) {
+				break;
+			}
+
+			bufsize <<= 1;
+			isc_buffer_free(&buffer);
+			isc_buffer_allocate(mctx, &buffer, bufsize);
+		}
+		check_result(result, "dns_master_rdatasettotext");
+
+		isc_buffer_usedregion(buffer, &r);
+		result = isc_stdio_write(r.base, 1, r.length, outfp, NULL);
+		check_result(result, "isc_stdio_write");
+		isc_buffer_clear(buffer);
+
+		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&rds);
+	}
+
+	isc_buffer_free(&buffer);
+	dns_rdatasetiter_destroy(&iter);
+}
+
+/*%
+ * Sign the given RRset with given key, and add the signature record to the
+ * given tuple.
+ */
+static void
+signwithkey(dns_name_t *name, dns_rdataset_t *rdataset, dst_key_t *key,
+	    dns_ttl_t ttl, dns_diff_t *add, const char *logmsg) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	isc_stdtime_t jendtime, expiry;
+	char keystr[DST_KEY_FORMATSIZE];
+	dns_rdata_t trdata = DNS_RDATA_INIT;
+	unsigned char array[BUFSIZE];
+	isc_buffer_t b;
+	dns_difftuple_t *tuple;
+
+	dst_key_format(key, keystr, sizeof(keystr));
+	vbprintf(1, "\t%s %s\n", logmsg, keystr);
+
+	if (rdataset->type == dns_rdatatype_dnskey) {
+		expiry = dnskey_endtime;
+	} else {
+		expiry = endtime;
+	}
+
+	jendtime = (jitter != 0) ? expiry - isc_random_uniform(jitter) : expiry;
+	isc_buffer_init(&b, array, sizeof(array));
+	result = dns_dnssec_sign(name, rdataset, key, &starttime, &jendtime,
+				 mctx, &b, &trdata);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("dnskey '%s' failed to sign data: %s", keystr,
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+	INCSTAT(nsigned);
+
+	if (tryverify) {
+		result = dns_dnssec_verify(name, rdataset, key, true, 0, mctx,
+					   &trdata, NULL);
+		if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS || result == DNS_R_FROMWILDCARD) {
+			vbprintf(3, "\tsignature verified\n");
+			INCSTAT(nverified);
+		} else {
+			vbprintf(3, "\tsignature failed to verify\n");
+			INCSTAT(nverifyfailed);
+		}
+	}
+
+	tuple = NULL;
+	result = dns_difftuple_create(mctx, DNS_DIFFOP_ADDRESIGN, name, ttl,
+				      &trdata, &tuple);
+	check_result(result, "dns_difftuple_create");
+	dns_diff_append(add, &tuple);
+}
+
+static bool
+issigningkey(dns_dnsseckey_t *key) {
+	return (key->force_sign || key->hint_sign);
+}
+
+static bool
+ispublishedkey(dns_dnsseckey_t *key) {
+	return ((key->force_publish || key->hint_publish) && !key->hint_remove);
+}
+
+static bool
+iszonekey(dns_dnsseckey_t *key) {
+	return (dns_name_equal(dst_key_name(key->key), gorigin) &&
+		dst_key_iszonekey(key->key));
+}
+
+static bool
+isksk(dns_dnsseckey_t *key) {
+	return (key->ksk);
+}
+
+static bool
+iszsk(dns_dnsseckey_t *key) {
+	return (ignore_kskflag || !key->ksk);
+}
+
+/*%
+ * Find the key that generated an RRSIG, if it is in the key list.  If
+ * so, return a pointer to it, otherwise return NULL.
+ *
+ * No locking is performed here, this must be done by the caller.
+ */
+static dns_dnsseckey_t *
+keythatsigned_unlocked(dns_rdata_rrsig_t *rrsig) {
+	dns_dnsseckey_t *key;
+
+	for (key = ISC_LIST_HEAD(keylist); key != NULL;
+	     key = ISC_LIST_NEXT(key, link))
+	{
+		if (rrsig->keyid == dst_key_id(key->key) &&
+		    rrsig->algorithm == dst_key_alg(key->key) &&
+		    dns_name_equal(&rrsig->signer, dst_key_name(key->key)))
+		{
+			return (key);
+		}
+	}
+	return (NULL);
+}
+
+/*%
+ * Finds the key that generated a RRSIG, if possible.  First look at the keys
+ * that we've loaded already, and then see if there's a key on disk.
+ */
+static dns_dnsseckey_t *
+keythatsigned(dns_rdata_rrsig_t *rrsig) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	dst_key_t *pubkey = NULL, *privkey = NULL;
+	dns_dnsseckey_t *key = NULL;
+
+	RWLOCK(&keylist_lock, isc_rwlocktype_read);
+	key = keythatsigned_unlocked(rrsig);
+	RWUNLOCK(&keylist_lock, isc_rwlocktype_read);
+	if (key != NULL) {
+		return (key);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We did not find the key in our list.  Get a write lock now, since
+	 * we may be modifying the bits.  We could do the tryupgrade() dance,
+	 * but instead just get a write lock and check once again to see if
+	 * it is on our list.  It's possible someone else may have added it
+	 * after all.
+	 */
+	isc_rwlock_lock(&keylist_lock, isc_rwlocktype_write);
+	key = keythatsigned_unlocked(rrsig);
+	if (key != NULL) {
+		isc_rwlock_unlock(&keylist_lock, isc_rwlocktype_write);
+		return (key);
+	}
+
+	result = dst_key_fromfile(&rrsig->signer, rrsig->keyid,
+				  rrsig->algorithm, DST_TYPE_PUBLIC, directory,
+				  mctx, &pubkey);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		isc_rwlock_unlock(&keylist_lock, isc_rwlocktype_write);
+		return (NULL);
+	}
+
+	result = dst_key_fromfile(
+		&rrsig->signer, rrsig->keyid, rrsig->algorithm,
+		DST_TYPE_PUBLIC | DST_TYPE_PRIVATE, directory, mctx, &privkey);
+	if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		dst_key_free(&pubkey);
+		result = dns_dnsseckey_create(mctx, &privkey, &key);
+	} else {
+		result = dns_dnsseckey_create(mctx, &pubkey, &key);
+	}
+
+	if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		key->force_publish = false;
+		key->force_sign = false;
+		key->index = keycount++;
+		ISC_LIST_APPEND(keylist, key, link);
+	}
+
+	isc_rwlock_unlock(&keylist_lock, isc_rwlocktype_write);
+	return (key);
+}
+
+/*%
+ * Check to see if we expect to find a key at this name.  If we see a RRSIG
+ * and can't find the signing key that we expect to find, we drop the rrsig.
+ * I'm not sure if this is completely correct, but it seems to work.
+ */
+static bool
+expecttofindkey(dns_name_t *name) {
+	unsigned int options = DNS_DBFIND_NOWILD;
+	dns_fixedname_t fname;
+	isc_result_t result;
+	char namestr[DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE];
+
+	dns_fixedname_init(&fname);
+	result = dns_db_find(gdb, name, gversion, dns_rdatatype_dnskey, options,
+			     0, NULL, dns_fixedname_name(&fname), NULL, NULL);
+	switch (result) {
+	case ISC_R_SUCCESS:
+	case DNS_R_NXDOMAIN:
+	case DNS_R_NXRRSET:
+		return (true);
+	case DNS_R_DELEGATION:
+	case DNS_R_CNAME:
+	case DNS_R_DNAME:
+		return (false);
+	default:
+		break;
+	}
+	dns_name_format(name, namestr, sizeof(namestr));
+	fatal("failure looking for '%s DNSKEY' in database: %s", namestr,
+	      isc_result_totext(result));
+	UNREACHABLE();
+	return (false); /* removes a warning */
+}
+
+static bool
+setverifies(dns_name_t *name, dns_rdataset_t *set, dst_key_t *key,
+	    dns_rdata_t *rrsig) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	result = dns_dnssec_verify(name, set, key, false, 0, mctx, rrsig, NULL);
+	if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS || result == DNS_R_FROMWILDCARD) {
+		INCSTAT(nverified);
+		return (true);
+	} else {
+		INCSTAT(nverifyfailed);
+		return (false);
+	}
+}
+
+/*%
+ * Signs a set.  Goes through contortions to decide if each RRSIG should
+ * be dropped or retained, and then determines if any new SIGs need to
+ * be generated.
+ */
+static void
+signset(dns_diff_t *del, dns_diff_t *add, dns_dbnode_t *node, dns_name_t *name,
+	dns_rdataset_t *set) {
+	dns_rdataset_t sigset;
+	dns_rdata_t sigrdata = DNS_RDATA_INIT;
+	dns_rdata_rrsig_t rrsig;
+	dns_dnsseckey_t *key;
+	isc_result_t result;
+	bool nosigs = false;
+	bool *wassignedby, *nowsignedby;
+	int arraysize;
+	dns_difftuple_t *tuple;
+	dns_ttl_t ttl;
+	int i;
+	char namestr[DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE];
+	char typestr[DNS_RDATATYPE_FORMATSIZE];
+	char sigstr[SIG_FORMATSIZE];
+
+	dns_name_format(name, namestr, sizeof(namestr));
+	dns_rdatatype_format(set->type, typestr, sizeof(typestr));
+
+	ttl = ISC_MIN(set->ttl, endtime - starttime);
+
+	dns_rdataset_init(&sigset);
+	result = dns_db_findrdataset(gdb, node, gversion, dns_rdatatype_rrsig,
+				     set->type, 0, &sigset, NULL);
+	if (result == ISC_R_NOTFOUND) {
+		vbprintf(2, "no existing signatures for %s/%s\n", namestr,
+			 typestr);
+		result = ISC_R_SUCCESS;
+		nosigs = true;
+	}
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("failed while looking for '%s RRSIG %s': %s", namestr,
+		      typestr, isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+
+	vbprintf(1, "%s/%s:\n", namestr, typestr);
+
+	arraysize = keycount;
+	if (!nosigs) {
+		arraysize += dns_rdataset_count(&sigset);
+	}
+	wassignedby = isc_mem_get(mctx, arraysize * sizeof(bool));
+	nowsignedby = isc_mem_get(mctx, arraysize * sizeof(bool));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < arraysize; i++) {
+		wassignedby[i] = nowsignedby[i] = false;
+	}
+
+	if (nosigs) {
+		result = ISC_R_NOMORE;
+	} else {
+		result = dns_rdataset_first(&sigset);
+	}
+
+	while (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		bool expired, future;
+		bool keep = false, resign = false;
+
+		dns_rdataset_current(&sigset, &sigrdata);
+
+		result = dns_rdata_tostruct(&sigrdata, &rrsig, NULL);
+		check_result(result, "dns_rdata_tostruct");
+
+		future = isc_serial_lt(now, rrsig.timesigned);
+
+		key = keythatsigned(&rrsig);
+		sig_format(&rrsig, sigstr, sizeof(sigstr));
+		expired = isc_serial_gt(now + cycle, rrsig.timeexpire);
+
+		if (isc_serial_gt(rrsig.timesigned, rrsig.timeexpire)) {
+			/* rrsig is dropped and not replaced */
+			vbprintf(2,
+				 "\trrsig by %s dropped - "
+				 "invalid validity period\n",
+				 sigstr);
+		} else if (key == NULL && !future &&
+			   expecttofindkey(&rrsig.signer))
+		{
+			/* rrsig is dropped and not replaced */
+			vbprintf(2,
+				 "\trrsig by %s dropped - "
+				 "private dnskey not found\n",
+				 sigstr);
+		} else if (key == NULL || future) {
+			keep = (!expired && !remove_orphansigs);
+			vbprintf(2, "\trrsig by %s %s - dnskey not found\n",
+				 keep ? "retained" : "dropped", sigstr);
+		} else if (!dns_dnssec_keyactive(key->key, now) &&
+			   remove_inactkeysigs)
+		{
+			keep = false;
+			vbprintf(2, "\trrsig by %s dropped - key inactive\n",
+				 sigstr);
+		} else if (issigningkey(key)) {
+			wassignedby[key->index] = true;
+
+			if (!expired && rrsig.originalttl == set->ttl &&
+			    setverifies(name, set, key->key, &sigrdata))
+			{
+				vbprintf(2, "\trrsig by %s retained\n", sigstr);
+				keep = true;
+			} else {
+				vbprintf(2, "\trrsig by %s dropped - %s\n",
+					 sigstr,
+					 expired ? "expired"
+					 : rrsig.originalttl != set->ttl
+						 ? "ttl change"
+						 : "failed to "
+						   "verify");
+				resign = true;
+			}
+		} else if (!ispublishedkey(key) && remove_orphansigs) {
+			vbprintf(2, "\trrsig by %s dropped - dnskey removed\n",
+				 sigstr);
+		} else if (iszonekey(key)) {
+			wassignedby[key->index] = true;
+
+			if (!expired && rrsig.originalttl == set->ttl &&
+			    setverifies(name, set, key->key, &sigrdata))
+			{
+				vbprintf(2, "\trrsig by %s retained\n", sigstr);
+				keep = true;
+			} else {
+				vbprintf(2, "\trrsig by %s dropped - %s\n",
+					 sigstr,
+					 expired ? "expired"
+					 : rrsig.originalttl != set->ttl
+						 ? "ttl change"
+						 : "failed to "
+						   "verify");
+			}
+		} else if (!expired) {
+			vbprintf(2, "\trrsig by %s retained\n", sigstr);
+			keep = true;
+		} else {
+			vbprintf(2, "\trrsig by %s expired\n", sigstr);
+		}
+
+		if (keep) {
+			if (key != NULL) {
+				nowsignedby[key->index] = true;
+			}
+			INCSTAT(nretained);
+			if (sigset.ttl != ttl) {
+				vbprintf(2, "\tfixing ttl %s\n", sigstr);
+				tuple = NULL;
+				result = dns_difftuple_create(
+					mctx, DNS_DIFFOP_DELRESIGN, name,
+					sigset.ttl, &sigrdata, &tuple);
+				check_result(result, "dns_difftuple_create");
+				dns_diff_append(del, &tuple);
+				result = dns_difftuple_create(
+					mctx, DNS_DIFFOP_ADDRESIGN, name, ttl,
+					&sigrdata, &tuple);
+				check_result(result, "dns_difftuple_create");
+				dns_diff_append(add, &tuple);
+			}
+		} else {
+			tuple = NULL;
+			vbprintf(2, "\tremoving signature by %s\n", sigstr);
+			result = dns_difftuple_create(
+				mctx, DNS_DIFFOP_DELRESIGN, name, sigset.ttl,
+				&sigrdata, &tuple);
+			check_result(result, "dns_difftuple_create");
+			dns_diff_append(del, &tuple);
+			INCSTAT(ndropped);
+		}
+
+		if (resign) {
+			INSIST(!keep);
+
+			signwithkey(name, set, key->key, ttl, add,
+				    "resigning with dnskey");
+			nowsignedby[key->index] = true;
+		}
+
+		dns_rdata_reset(&sigrdata);
+		dns_rdata_freestruct(&rrsig);
+		result = dns_rdataset_next(&sigset);
+	}
+	if (result == ISC_R_NOMORE) {
+		result = ISC_R_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	check_result(result, "dns_rdataset_first/next");
+	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&sigset)) {
+		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&sigset);
+	}
+
+	for (key = ISC_LIST_HEAD(keylist); key != NULL;
+	     key = ISC_LIST_NEXT(key, link))
+	{
+		if (nowsignedby[key->index]) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (!issigningkey(key)) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if ((set->type == dns_rdatatype_cds ||
+		     set->type == dns_rdatatype_cdnskey ||
+		     set->type == dns_rdatatype_dnskey) &&
+		    dns_name_equal(name, gorigin))
+		{
+			bool have_ksk;
+			dns_dnsseckey_t *curr;
+
+			have_ksk = isksk(key);
+			for (curr = ISC_LIST_HEAD(keylist); curr != NULL;
+			     curr = ISC_LIST_NEXT(curr, link))
+			{
+				if (dst_key_alg(key->key) !=
+				    dst_key_alg(curr->key))
+				{
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (REVOKE(curr->key)) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (isksk(curr)) {
+					have_ksk = true;
+				}
+			}
+			if (isksk(key) || !have_ksk ||
+			    (iszsk(key) && !keyset_kskonly))
+			{
+				signwithkey(name, set, key->key, ttl, add,
+					    "signing with dnskey");
+			}
+		} else if (iszsk(key)) {
+			/*
+			 * Sign with the ZSK unless there is a predecessor
+			 * key that already signs this RRset.
+			 */
+			bool have_pre_sig = false;
+			dns_dnsseckey_t *curr;
+			uint32_t pre;
+			isc_result_t ret = dst_key_getnum(
+				key->key, DST_NUM_PREDECESSOR, &pre);
+			if (ret == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+				/*
+				 * This key has a predecessor, look for the
+				 * corresponding key in the keylist. The
+				 * key we are looking for must be:
+				 * - From the same cryptographic algorithm.
+				 * - Have the ZSK type (iszsk).
+				 * - Have key ID equal to the predecessor id.
+				 * - Have a successor that matches 'key' id.
+				 */
+				for (curr = ISC_LIST_HEAD(keylist);
+				     curr != NULL;
+				     curr = ISC_LIST_NEXT(curr, link))
+				{
+					uint32_t suc;
+
+					if (dst_key_alg(key->key) !=
+						    dst_key_alg(curr->key) ||
+					    !iszsk(curr) ||
+					    dst_key_id(curr->key) != pre)
+					{
+						continue;
+					}
+					ret = dst_key_getnum(curr->key,
+							     DST_NUM_SUCCESSOR,
+							     &suc);
+					if (ret != ISC_R_SUCCESS ||
+					    dst_key_id(key->key) != suc)
+					{
+						continue;
+					}
+
+					/*
+					 * curr is the predecessor we were
+					 * looking for. Check if this key
+					 * signs this RRset.
+					 */
+					if (nowsignedby[curr->index]) {
+						have_pre_sig = true;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			/*
+			 * If we have a signature of a predecessor key,
+			 * skip signing with this key.
+			 */
+			if (!have_pre_sig) {
+				signwithkey(name, set, key->key, ttl, add,
+					    "signing with dnskey");
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	isc_mem_put(mctx, wassignedby, arraysize * sizeof(bool));
+	isc_mem_put(mctx, nowsignedby, arraysize * sizeof(bool));
+}
+
+struct hashlist {
+	unsigned char *hashbuf;
+	size_t entries;
+	size_t size;
+	size_t length;
+};
+
+static void
+hashlist_init(hashlist_t *l, unsigned int nodes, unsigned int length) {
+	l->entries = 0;
+	l->length = length + 1;
+
+	if (nodes != 0) {
+		l->size = nodes;
+		l->hashbuf = malloc(l->size * l->length);
+		if (l->hashbuf == NULL) {
+			l->size = 0;
+		}
+	} else {
+		l->size = 0;
+		l->hashbuf = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+hashlist_free(hashlist_t *l) {
+	if (l->hashbuf) {
+		free(l->hashbuf);
+		l->hashbuf = NULL;
+		l->entries = 0;
+		l->length = 0;
+		l->size = 0;
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+hashlist_add(hashlist_t *l, const unsigned char *hash, size_t len) {
+	REQUIRE(len <= l->length);
+
+	if (l->entries == l->size) {
+		l->size = l->size * 2 + 100;
+		l->hashbuf = realloc(l->hashbuf, l->size * l->length);
+		if (l->hashbuf == NULL) {
+			fatal("unable to grow hashlist: out of memory");
+		}
+	}
+	memset(l->hashbuf + l->entries * l->length, 0, l->length);
+	memmove(l->hashbuf + l->entries * l->length, hash, len);
+	l->entries++;
+}
+
+static void
+hashlist_add_dns_name(hashlist_t *l,
+		      /*const*/ dns_name_t *name, unsigned int hashalg,
+		      unsigned int iterations, const unsigned char *salt,
+		      size_t salt_len, bool speculative) {
+	char nametext[DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE];
+	unsigned char hash[NSEC3_MAX_HASH_LENGTH + 1];
+	unsigned int len;
+	size_t i;
+
+	len = isc_iterated_hash(hash, hashalg, iterations, salt, (int)salt_len,
+				name->ndata, name->length);
+	if (verbose) {
+		dns_name_format(name, nametext, sizeof nametext);
+		for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "%02x", hash[i]);
+		}
+		fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", nametext);
+	}
+	hash[len++] = speculative ? 1 : 0;
+	hashlist_add(l, hash, len);
+}
+
+static int
+hashlist_comp(const void *a, const void *b) {
+	return (memcmp(a, b, hash_length + 1));
+}
+
+static void
+hashlist_sort(hashlist_t *l) {
+	INSIST(l->hashbuf != NULL || l->length == 0);
+	if (l->length > 0) {
+		qsort(l->hashbuf, l->entries, l->length, hashlist_comp);
+	}
+}
+
+static bool
+hashlist_hasdup(hashlist_t *l) {
+	unsigned char *current;
+	unsigned char *next = l->hashbuf;
+	size_t entries = l->entries;
+
+	/*
+	 * Skip initial speculative wild card hashes.
+	 */
+	while (entries > 0U && next[l->length - 1] != 0U) {
+		next += l->length;
+		entries--;
+	}
+
+	current = next;
+	while (entries-- > 1U) {
+		next += l->length;
+		if (next[l->length - 1] != 0) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (isc_safe_memequal(current, next, l->length - 1)) {
+			return (true);
+		}
+		current = next;
+	}
+	return (false);
+}
+
+static const unsigned char *
+hashlist_findnext(const hashlist_t *l,
+		  const unsigned char hash[NSEC3_MAX_HASH_LENGTH]) {
+	size_t entries = l->entries;
+	const unsigned char *next = bsearch(hash, l->hashbuf, l->entries,
+					    l->length, hashlist_comp);
+	INSIST(next != NULL);
+
+	do {
+		if (next < l->hashbuf + (l->entries - 1) * l->length) {
+			next += l->length;
+		} else {
+			next = l->hashbuf;
+		}
+		if (next[l->length - 1] == 0) {
+			break;
+		}
+	} while (entries-- > 1U);
+	INSIST(entries != 0U);
+	return (next);
+}
+
+static bool
+hashlist_exists(const hashlist_t *l,
+		const unsigned char hash[NSEC3_MAX_HASH_LENGTH]) {
+	if (bsearch(hash, l->hashbuf, l->entries, l->length, hashlist_comp)) {
+		return (true);
+	} else {
+		return (false);
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+addnowildcardhash(hashlist_t *l,
+		  /*const*/ dns_name_t *name, unsigned int hashalg,
+		  unsigned int iterations, const unsigned char *salt,
+		  size_t salt_len) {
+	dns_fixedname_t fixed;
+	dns_name_t *wild;
+	dns_dbnode_t *node = NULL;
+	isc_result_t result;
+	char namestr[DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE];
+
+	wild = dns_fixedname_initname(&fixed);
+
+	result = dns_name_concatenate(dns_wildcardname, name, wild, NULL);
+	if (result == ISC_R_NOSPACE) {
+		return;
+	}
+	check_result(result, "addnowildcardhash: dns_name_concatenate()");
+
+	result = dns_db_findnode(gdb, wild, false, &node);
+	if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		dns_db_detachnode(gdb, &node);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (verbose) {
+		dns_name_format(wild, namestr, sizeof(namestr));
+		fprintf(stderr, "adding no-wildcardhash for %s\n", namestr);
+	}
+
+	hashlist_add_dns_name(l, wild, hashalg, iterations, salt, salt_len,
+			      true);
+}
+
+static void
+opendb(const char *prefix, dns_name_t *name, dns_rdataclass_t rdclass,
+       dns_db_t **dbp) {
+	char filename[PATH_MAX];
+	isc_buffer_t b;
+	isc_result_t result;
+
+	isc_buffer_init(&b, filename, sizeof(filename));
+	if (dsdir != NULL) {
+		/* allow room for a trailing slash */
+		if (strlen(dsdir) >= isc_buffer_availablelength(&b)) {
+			fatal("path '%s' is too long", dsdir);
+		}
+		isc_buffer_putstr(&b, dsdir);
+		if (dsdir[strlen(dsdir) - 1] != '/') {
+			isc_buffer_putstr(&b, "/");
+		}
+	}
+	if (strlen(prefix) > isc_buffer_availablelength(&b)) {
+		fatal("path '%s' is too long", dsdir);
+	}
+	isc_buffer_putstr(&b, prefix);
+	result = dns_name_tofilenametext(name, false, &b);
+	check_result(result, "dns_name_tofilenametext()");
+	if (isc_buffer_availablelength(&b) == 0) {
+		char namestr[DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE];
+		dns_name_format(name, namestr, sizeof(namestr));
+		fatal("name '%s' is too long", namestr);
+	}
+	isc_buffer_putuint8(&b, 0);
+
+	result = dns_db_create(mctx, "rbt", dns_rootname, dns_dbtype_zone,
+			       rdclass, 0, NULL, dbp);
+	check_result(result, "dns_db_create()");
+
+	result = dns_db_load(*dbp, filename, inputformat, DNS_MASTER_HINT);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS && result != DNS_R_SEENINCLUDE) {
+		dns_db_detach(dbp);
+	}
+}
+
+/*%
+ * Load the DS set for a child zone, if a dsset-* file can be found.
+ * If not, try to find a keyset-* file from an earlier version of
+ * dnssec-signzone, and build DS records from that.
+ */
+static isc_result_t
+loadds(dns_name_t *name, uint32_t ttl, dns_rdataset_t *dsset) {
+	dns_db_t *db = NULL;
+	dns_dbversion_t *ver = NULL;
+	dns_dbnode_t *node = NULL;
+	isc_result_t result;
+	dns_rdataset_t keyset;
+	dns_rdata_t key, ds;
+	unsigned char dsbuf[DNS_DS_BUFFERSIZE];
+	dns_diff_t diff;
+	dns_difftuple_t *tuple = NULL;
+
+	opendb("dsset-", name, gclass, &db);
+	if (db != NULL) {
+		result = dns_db_findnode(db, name, false, &node);
+		if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			dns_rdataset_init(dsset);
+			result = dns_db_findrdataset(db, node, NULL,
+						     dns_rdatatype_ds, 0, 0,
+						     dsset, NULL);
+			dns_db_detachnode(db, &node);
+			if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+				vbprintf(2, "found DS records\n");
+				dsset->ttl = ttl;
+				dns_db_detach(&db);
+				return (result);
+			}
+		}
+		dns_db_detach(&db);
+	}
+
+	/* No DS records found; try again, looking for DNSKEY records */
+	opendb("keyset-", name, gclass, &db);
+	if (db == NULL) {
+		return (ISC_R_NOTFOUND);
+	}
+
+	result = dns_db_findnode(db, name, false, &node);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		dns_db_detach(&db);
+		return (result);
+	}
+
+	dns_rdataset_init(&keyset);
+	result = dns_db_findrdataset(db, node, NULL, dns_rdatatype_dnskey, 0, 0,
+				     &keyset, NULL);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		dns_db_detachnode(db, &node);
+		dns_db_detach(&db);
+		return (result);
+	}
+	vbprintf(2, "found DNSKEY records\n");
+
+	result = dns_db_newversion(db, &ver);
+	check_result(result, "dns_db_newversion");
+	dns_diff_init(mctx, &diff);
+
+	for (result = dns_rdataset_first(&keyset); result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
+	     result = dns_rdataset_next(&keyset))
+	{
+		dns_rdata_init(&key);
+		dns_rdata_init(&ds);
+		dns_rdataset_current(&keyset, &key);
+		result = dns_ds_buildrdata(name, &key, DNS_DSDIGEST_SHA256,
+					   dsbuf, &ds);
+		check_result(result, "dns_ds_buildrdata");
+
+		result = dns_difftuple_create(mctx, DNS_DIFFOP_ADDRESIGN, name,
+					      ttl, &ds, &tuple);
+		check_result(result, "dns_difftuple_create");
+		dns_diff_append(&diff, &tuple);
+	}
+
+	result = dns_diff_apply(&diff, db, ver);
+	check_result(result, "dns_diff_apply");
+	dns_diff_clear(&diff);
+
+	dns_db_closeversion(db, &ver, true);
+
+	result = dns_db_findrdataset(db, node, NULL, dns_rdatatype_ds, 0, 0,
+				     dsset, NULL);
+	check_result(result, "dns_db_findrdataset");
+
+	dns_rdataset_disassociate(&keyset);
+	dns_db_detachnode(db, &node);
+	dns_db_detach(&db);
+	return (result);
+}
+
+static bool
+secure(dns_name_t *name, dns_dbnode_t *node) {
+	dns_rdataset_t dsset;
+	isc_result_t result;
+
+	if (dns_name_equal(name, gorigin)) {
+		return (false);
+	}
+
+	dns_rdataset_init(&dsset);
+	result = dns_db_findrdataset(gdb, node, gversion, dns_rdatatype_ds, 0,
+				     0, &dsset, NULL);
+	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&dsset)) {
+		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&dsset);
+	}
+
+	return (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+static bool
+is_delegation(dns_db_t *db, dns_dbversion_t *ver, dns_name_t *origin,
+	      dns_name_t *name, dns_dbnode_t *node, uint32_t *ttlp) {
+	dns_rdataset_t nsset;
+	isc_result_t result;
+
+	if (dns_name_equal(name, origin)) {
+		return (false);
+	}
+
+	dns_rdataset_init(&nsset);
+	result = dns_db_findrdataset(db, node, ver, dns_rdatatype_ns, 0, 0,
+				     &nsset, NULL);
+	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&nsset)) {
+		if (ttlp != NULL) {
+			*ttlp = nsset.ttl;
+		}
+		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&nsset);
+	}
+
+	return ((result == ISC_R_SUCCESS));
+}
+
+/*%
+ * Return true if version 'ver' of database 'db' contains a DNAME RRset at
+ * 'node'; return false otherwise.
+ */
+static bool
+has_dname(dns_db_t *db, dns_dbversion_t *ver, dns_dbnode_t *node) {
+	dns_rdataset_t dnameset;
+	isc_result_t result;
+
+	dns_rdataset_init(&dnameset);
+	result = dns_db_findrdataset(db, node, ver, dns_rdatatype_dname, 0, 0,
+				     &dnameset, NULL);
+	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&dnameset)) {
+		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&dnameset);
+	}
+
+	return ((result == ISC_R_SUCCESS));
+}
+
+/*%
+ * Signs all records at a name.
+ */
+static void
+signname(dns_dbnode_t *node, dns_name_t *name) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	dns_rdataset_t rdataset;
+	dns_rdatasetiter_t *rdsiter;
+	bool isdelegation = false;
+	dns_diff_t del, add;
+	char namestr[DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE];
+
+	dns_rdataset_init(&rdataset);
+	dns_name_format(name, namestr, sizeof(namestr));
+
+	/*
+	 * Determine if this is a delegation point.
+	 */
+	if (is_delegation(gdb, gversion, gorigin, name, node, NULL)) {
+		isdelegation = true;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Now iterate through the rdatasets.
+	 */
+	dns_diff_init(mctx, &del);
+	dns_diff_init(mctx, &add);
+	rdsiter = NULL;
+	result = dns_db_allrdatasets(gdb, node, gversion, 0, 0, &rdsiter);
+	check_result(result, "dns_db_allrdatasets()");
+	result = dns_rdatasetiter_first(rdsiter);
+	while (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		dns_rdatasetiter_current(rdsiter, &rdataset);
+
+		/* If this is a RRSIG set, skip it. */
+		if (rdataset.type == dns_rdatatype_rrsig) {
+			goto skip;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * If this name is a delegation point, skip all records
+		 * except NSEC and DS sets.  Otherwise check that there
+		 * isn't a DS record.
+		 */
+		if (isdelegation) {
+			if (rdataset.type != nsec_datatype &&
+			    rdataset.type != dns_rdatatype_ds)
+			{
+				goto skip;
+			}
+		} else if (rdataset.type == dns_rdatatype_ds) {
+			char namebuf[DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE];
+			dns_name_format(name, namebuf, sizeof(namebuf));
+			fatal("'%s': found DS RRset without NS RRset\n",
+			      namebuf);
+		}
+
+		signset(&del, &add, node, name, &rdataset);
+
+	skip:
+		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&rdataset);
+		result = dns_rdatasetiter_next(rdsiter);
+	}
+	if (result != ISC_R_NOMORE) {
+		fatal("rdataset iteration for name '%s' failed: %s", namestr,
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+
+	dns_rdatasetiter_destroy(&rdsiter);
+
+	result = dns_diff_applysilently(&del, gdb, gversion);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("failed to delete SIGs at node '%s': %s", namestr,
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+
+	result = dns_diff_applysilently(&add, gdb, gversion);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("failed to add SIGs at node '%s': %s", namestr,
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+
+	dns_diff_clear(&del);
+	dns_diff_clear(&add);
+}
+
+/*
+ * See if the node contains any non RRSIG/NSEC records and report to
+ * caller.  Clean out extraneous RRSIG records for node.
+ */
+static bool
+active_node(dns_dbnode_t *node) {
+	dns_rdatasetiter_t *rdsiter = NULL;
+	dns_rdatasetiter_t *rdsiter2 = NULL;
+	bool active = false;
+	isc_result_t result;
+	dns_rdataset_t rdataset;
+	dns_rdatatype_t type;
+	dns_rdatatype_t covers;
+	bool found;
+
+	dns_rdataset_init(&rdataset);
+	result = dns_db_allrdatasets(gdb, node, gversion, 0, 0, &rdsiter);
+	check_result(result, "dns_db_allrdatasets()");
+	result = dns_rdatasetiter_first(rdsiter);
+	while (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		dns_rdatasetiter_current(rdsiter, &rdataset);
+		if (rdataset.type != dns_rdatatype_nsec &&
+		    rdataset.type != dns_rdatatype_nsec3 &&
+		    rdataset.type != dns_rdatatype_rrsig)
+		{
+			active = true;
+		}
+		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&rdataset);
+		if (!active) {
+			result = dns_rdatasetiter_next(rdsiter);
+		} else {
+			result = ISC_R_NOMORE;
+		}
+	}
+	if (result != ISC_R_NOMORE) {
+		fatal("rdataset iteration failed: %s",
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+
+	if (!active && nsec_datatype == dns_rdatatype_nsec) {
+		/*%
+		 * The node is empty of everything but NSEC / RRSIG records.
+		 */
+		for (result = dns_rdatasetiter_first(rdsiter);
+		     result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
+		     result = dns_rdatasetiter_next(rdsiter))
+		{
+			dns_rdatasetiter_current(rdsiter, &rdataset);
+			result = dns_db_deleterdataset(gdb, node, gversion,
+						       rdataset.type,
+						       rdataset.covers);
+			check_result(result, "dns_db_deleterdataset()");
+			dns_rdataset_disassociate(&rdataset);
+		}
+		if (result != ISC_R_NOMORE) {
+			fatal("rdataset iteration failed: %s",
+			      isc_result_totext(result));
+		}
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * Delete RRSIGs for types that no longer exist.
+		 */
+		result = dns_db_allrdatasets(gdb, node, gversion, 0, 0,
+					     &rdsiter2);
+		check_result(result, "dns_db_allrdatasets()");
+		for (result = dns_rdatasetiter_first(rdsiter);
+		     result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
+		     result = dns_rdatasetiter_next(rdsiter))
+		{
+			dns_rdatasetiter_current(rdsiter, &rdataset);
+			type = rdataset.type;
+			covers = rdataset.covers;
+			dns_rdataset_disassociate(&rdataset);
+			/*
+			 * Delete the NSEC chain if we are signing with
+			 * NSEC3.
+			 */
+			if (nsec_datatype == dns_rdatatype_nsec3 &&
+			    (type == dns_rdatatype_nsec ||
+			     covers == dns_rdatatype_nsec))
+			{
+				result = dns_db_deleterdataset(
+					gdb, node, gversion, type, covers);
+				check_result(result, "dns_db_deleterdataset("
+						     "nsec/rrsig)");
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (type != dns_rdatatype_rrsig) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			found = false;
+			for (result = dns_rdatasetiter_first(rdsiter2);
+			     !found && result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
+			     result = dns_rdatasetiter_next(rdsiter2))
+			{
+				dns_rdatasetiter_current(rdsiter2, &rdataset);
+				if (rdataset.type == covers) {
+					found = true;
+				}
+				dns_rdataset_disassociate(&rdataset);
+			}
+			if (!found) {
+				if (result != ISC_R_NOMORE) {
+					fatal("rdataset iteration failed: %s",
+					      isc_result_totext(result));
+				}
+				result = dns_db_deleterdataset(
+					gdb, node, gversion, type, covers);
+				check_result(result, "dns_db_deleterdataset("
+						     "rrsig)");
+			} else if (result != ISC_R_NOMORE &&
+				   result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
+			{
+				fatal("rdataset iteration failed: %s",
+				      isc_result_totext(result));
+			}
+		}
+		if (result != ISC_R_NOMORE) {
+			fatal("rdataset iteration failed: %s",
+			      isc_result_totext(result));
+		}
+		dns_rdatasetiter_destroy(&rdsiter2);
+	}
+	dns_rdatasetiter_destroy(&rdsiter);
+
+	return (active);
+}
+
+/*%
+ * Extracts the minimum TTL from the SOA record, and the SOA record's TTL.
+ */
+static void
+get_soa_ttls(void) {
+	dns_rdataset_t soaset;
+	dns_fixedname_t fname;
+	dns_name_t *name;
+	isc_result_t result;
+	dns_rdata_t rdata = DNS_RDATA_INIT;
+
+	name = dns_fixedname_initname(&fname);
+	dns_rdataset_init(&soaset);
+	result = dns_db_find(gdb, gorigin, gversion, dns_rdatatype_soa, 0, 0,
+			     NULL, name, &soaset, NULL);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("failed to find an SOA at the zone apex: %s",
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+
+	result = dns_rdataset_first(&soaset);
+	check_result(result, "dns_rdataset_first");
+	dns_rdataset_current(&soaset, &rdata);
+	soa_ttl = soaset.ttl;
+	zone_soa_min_ttl = ISC_MIN(dns_soa_getminimum(&rdata), soa_ttl);
+	if (set_maxttl) {
+		zone_soa_min_ttl = ISC_MIN(zone_soa_min_ttl, maxttl);
+		soa_ttl = ISC_MIN(soa_ttl, maxttl);
+	}
+	dns_rdataset_disassociate(&soaset);
+}
+
+/*%
+ * Increment (or set if nonzero) the SOA serial
+ */
+static isc_result_t
+setsoaserial(uint32_t serial, dns_updatemethod_t method) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	dns_dbnode_t *node = NULL;
+	dns_rdataset_t rdataset;
+	dns_rdata_t rdata = DNS_RDATA_INIT;
+	uint32_t old_serial, new_serial = 0;
+	dns_updatemethod_t used = dns_updatemethod_none;
+
+	result = dns_db_getoriginnode(gdb, &node);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		return (result);
+	}
+
+	dns_rdataset_init(&rdataset);
+
+	result = dns_db_findrdataset(gdb, node, gversion, dns_rdatatype_soa, 0,
+				     0, &rdataset, NULL);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	result = dns_rdataset_first(&rdataset);
+	RUNTIME_CHECK(result == ISC_R_SUCCESS);
+
+	dns_rdataset_current(&rdataset, &rdata);
+
+	old_serial = dns_soa_getserial(&rdata);
+
+	if (method == dns_updatemethod_date ||
+	    method == dns_updatemethod_unixtime)
+	{
+		new_serial = dns_update_soaserial(old_serial, method, &used);
+	} else if (serial != 0 || method == dns_updatemethod_none) {
+		/* Set SOA serial to the value provided. */
+		new_serial = serial;
+		used = method;
+	} else {
+		new_serial = dns_update_soaserial(old_serial, method, &used);
+	}
+
+	if (method != used) {
+		fprintf(stderr,
+			"%s: warning: Serial number would not advance, "
+			"using increment method instead\n",
+			program);
+	}
+
+	/* If the new serial is not likely to cause a zone transfer
+	 * (a/ixfr) from servers having the old serial, warn the user.
+	 *
+	 * RFC1982 section 7 defines the maximum increment to be
+	 * (2^(32-1))-1.  Using u_int32_t arithmetic, we can do a single
+	 * comparison.  (5 - 6 == (2^32)-1, not negative-one)
+	 */
+	if (new_serial == old_serial || (new_serial - old_serial) > 0x7fffffffU)
+	{
+		fprintf(stderr,
+			"%s: warning: Serial number not advanced, "
+			"zone may not transfer\n",
+			program);
+	}
+
+	dns_soa_setserial(new_serial, &rdata);
+
+	result = dns_db_deleterdataset(gdb, node, gversion, dns_rdatatype_soa,
+				       0);
+	check_result(result, "dns_db_deleterdataset");
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	result = dns_db_addrdataset(gdb, node, gversion, 0, &rdataset, 0, NULL);
+	check_result(result, "dns_db_addrdataset");
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+cleanup:
+	dns_rdataset_disassociate(&rdataset);
+	if (node != NULL) {
+		dns_db_detachnode(gdb, &node);
+	}
+	dns_rdata_reset(&rdata);
+
+	return (result);
+}
+
+/*%
+ * Delete any RRSIG records at a node.
+ */
+static void
+cleannode(dns_db_t *db, dns_dbversion_t *dbversion, dns_dbnode_t *node) {
+	dns_rdatasetiter_t *rdsiter = NULL;
+	dns_rdataset_t set;
+	isc_result_t result, dresult;
+
+	if (outputformat != dns_masterformat_text || !disable_zone_check) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	dns_rdataset_init(&set);
+	result = dns_db_allrdatasets(db, node, dbversion, 0, 0, &rdsiter);
+	check_result(result, "dns_db_allrdatasets");
+	result = dns_rdatasetiter_first(rdsiter);
+	while (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		bool destroy = false;
+		dns_rdatatype_t covers = 0;
+		dns_rdatasetiter_current(rdsiter, &set);
+		if (set.type == dns_rdatatype_rrsig) {
+			covers = set.covers;
+			destroy = true;
+		}
+		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&set);
+		result = dns_rdatasetiter_next(rdsiter);
+		if (destroy) {
+			dresult = dns_db_deleterdataset(db, node, dbversion,
+							dns_rdatatype_rrsig,
+							covers);
+			check_result(dresult, "dns_db_deleterdataset");
+		}
+	}
+	if (result != ISC_R_NOMORE) {
+		fatal("rdataset iteration failed: %s",
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+	dns_rdatasetiter_destroy(&rdsiter);
+}
+
+/*%
+ * Set up the iterator and global state before starting the tasks.
+ */
+static void
+presign(void) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+
+	gdbiter = NULL;
+	result = dns_db_createiterator(gdb, 0, &gdbiter);
+	check_result(result, "dns_db_createiterator()");
+}
+
+/*%
+ * Clean up the iterator and global state after the tasks complete.
+ */
+static void
+postsign(void) {
+	dns_dbiterator_destroy(&gdbiter);
+}
+
+/*%
+ * Sign the apex of the zone.
+ * Note the origin may not be the first node if there are out of zone
+ * records.
+ */
+static void
+signapex(void) {
+	dns_dbnode_t *node = NULL;
+	dns_fixedname_t fixed;
+	dns_name_t *name;
+	isc_result_t result;
+
+	name = dns_fixedname_initname(&fixed);
+	result = dns_dbiterator_seek(gdbiter, gorigin);
+	check_result(result, "dns_dbiterator_seek()");
+	result = dns_dbiterator_current(gdbiter, &node, name);
+	check_dns_dbiterator_current(result);
+	signname(node, name);
+	dumpnode(name, node);
+	cleannode(gdb, gversion, node);
+	dns_db_detachnode(gdb, &node);
+	result = dns_dbiterator_first(gdbiter);
+	if (result == ISC_R_NOMORE) {
+		atomic_store(&finished, true);
+	} else if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("failure iterating database: %s",
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+}
+
+/*%
+ * Assigns a node to a worker thread.  This is protected by the main task's
+ * lock.
+ */
+static void
+assignwork(isc_task_t *task, isc_task_t *worker) {
+	dns_fixedname_t *fname;
+	dns_name_t *name;
+	dns_dbnode_t *node;
+	sevent_t *sevent;
+	dns_rdataset_t nsec;
+	bool found;
+	isc_result_t result;
+	static dns_name_t *zonecut = NULL; /* Protected by namelock. */
+	static dns_fixedname_t fzonecut;   /* Protected by namelock. */
+	static unsigned int ended = 0;	   /* Protected by namelock. */
+
+	if (atomic_load(&shuttingdown)) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	LOCK(&namelock);
+	if (atomic_load(&finished)) {
+		ended++;
+		if (ended == ntasks) {
+			isc_task_detach(&task);
+			isc_app_shutdown();
+		}
+		goto unlock;
+	}
+
+	fname = isc_mem_get(mctx, sizeof(dns_fixedname_t));
+	name = dns_fixedname_initname(fname);
+	node = NULL;
+	found = false;
+	while (!found) {
+		result = dns_dbiterator_current(gdbiter, &node, name);
+		check_dns_dbiterator_current(result);
+		/*
+		 * The origin was handled by signapex().
+		 */
+		if (dns_name_equal(name, gorigin)) {
+			dns_db_detachnode(gdb, &node);
+			goto next;
+		}
+		/*
+		 * Sort the zone data from the glue and out-of-zone data.
+		 * For NSEC zones nodes with zone data have NSEC records.
+		 * For NSEC3 zones the NSEC3 nodes are zone data but
+		 * outside of the zone name space.  For the rest we need
+		 * to track the bottom of zone cuts.
+		 * Nodes which don't need to be signed are dumped here.
+		 */
+		dns_rdataset_init(&nsec);
+		result = dns_db_findrdataset(gdb, node, gversion, nsec_datatype,
+					     0, 0, &nsec, NULL);
+		if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&nsec)) {
+			dns_rdataset_disassociate(&nsec);
+		}
+		if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			found = true;
+		} else if (nsec_datatype == dns_rdatatype_nsec3) {
+			if (dns_name_issubdomain(name, gorigin) &&
+			    (zonecut == NULL ||
+			     !dns_name_issubdomain(name, zonecut)))
+			{
+				if (is_delegation(gdb, gversion, gorigin, name,
+						  node, NULL))
+				{
+					zonecut = savezonecut(&fzonecut, name);
+					if (!OPTOUT(nsec3flags) ||
+					    secure(name, node))
+					{
+						found = true;
+					}
+				} else if (has_dname(gdb, gversion, node)) {
+					zonecut = savezonecut(&fzonecut, name);
+					found = true;
+				} else {
+					found = true;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (!found) {
+			dumpnode(name, node);
+			dns_db_detachnode(gdb, &node);
+		}
+
+	next:
+		result = dns_dbiterator_next(gdbiter);
+		if (result == ISC_R_NOMORE) {
+			atomic_store(&finished, true);
+			break;
+		} else if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fatal("failure iterating database: %s",
+			      isc_result_totext(result));
+		}
+	}
+	if (!found) {
+		ended++;
+		if (ended == ntasks) {
+			isc_task_detach(&task);
+			isc_app_shutdown();
+		}
+		isc_mem_put(mctx, fname, sizeof(dns_fixedname_t));
+		goto unlock;
+	}
+	sevent = (sevent_t *)isc_event_allocate(mctx, task, SIGNER_EVENT_WORK,
+						sign, NULL, sizeof(sevent_t));
+
+	sevent->node = node;
+	sevent->fname = fname;
+	isc_task_send(worker, ISC_EVENT_PTR(&sevent));
+unlock:
+	UNLOCK(&namelock);
+}
+
+/*%
+ * Start a worker task
+ */
+static void
+startworker(isc_task_t *task, isc_event_t *event) {
+	isc_task_t *worker;
+
+	worker = (isc_task_t *)event->ev_arg;
+	assignwork(task, worker);
+	isc_event_free(&event);
+}
+
+/*%
+ * Write a node to the output file, and restart the worker task.
+ */
+static void
+writenode(isc_task_t *task, isc_event_t *event) {
+	isc_task_t *worker;
+	sevent_t *sevent = (sevent_t *)event;
+
+	worker = (isc_task_t *)event->ev_sender;
+	dumpnode(dns_fixedname_name(sevent->fname), sevent->node);
+	cleannode(gdb, gversion, sevent->node);
+	dns_db_detachnode(gdb, &sevent->node);
+	isc_mem_put(mctx, sevent->fname, sizeof(dns_fixedname_t));
+	assignwork(task, worker);
+	isc_event_free(&event);
+}
+
+/*%
+ *  Sign a database node.
+ */
+static void
+sign(isc_task_t *task, isc_event_t *event) {
+	dns_fixedname_t *fname;
+	dns_dbnode_t *node;
+	sevent_t *sevent, *wevent;
+
+	sevent = (sevent_t *)event;
+	node = sevent->node;
+	fname = sevent->fname;
+	isc_event_free(&event);
+
+	signname(node, dns_fixedname_name(fname));
+	wevent = (sevent_t *)isc_event_allocate(mctx, task, SIGNER_EVENT_WRITE,
+						writenode, NULL,
+						sizeof(sevent_t));
+	wevent->node = node;
+	wevent->fname = fname;
+	isc_task_send(main_task, ISC_EVENT_PTR(&wevent));
+}
+
+/*%
+ * Update / remove the DS RRset.  Preserve RRSIG(DS) if possible.
+ */
+static void
+add_ds(dns_name_t *name, dns_dbnode_t *node, uint32_t nsttl) {
+	dns_rdataset_t dsset;
+	dns_rdataset_t sigdsset;
+	isc_result_t result;
+
+	dns_rdataset_init(&dsset);
+	dns_rdataset_init(&sigdsset);
+	result = dns_db_findrdataset(gdb, node, gversion, dns_rdatatype_ds, 0,
+				     0, &dsset, &sigdsset);
+	if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&dsset);
+		result = dns_db_deleterdataset(gdb, node, gversion,
+					       dns_rdatatype_ds, 0);
+		check_result(result, "dns_db_deleterdataset");
+	}
+
+	result = loadds(name, nsttl, &dsset);
+	if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		result = dns_db_addrdataset(gdb, node, gversion, 0, &dsset, 0,
+					    NULL);
+		check_result(result, "dns_db_addrdataset");
+		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&dsset);
+		if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&sigdsset)) {
+			dns_rdataset_disassociate(&sigdsset);
+		}
+	} else if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&sigdsset)) {
+		result = dns_db_deleterdataset(gdb, node, gversion,
+					       dns_rdatatype_rrsig,
+					       dns_rdatatype_ds);
+		check_result(result, "dns_db_deleterdataset");
+		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&sigdsset);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Remove records of the given type and their signatures.
+ */
+static void
+remove_records(dns_dbnode_t *node, dns_rdatatype_t which, bool checknsec) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	dns_rdatatype_t type, covers;
+	dns_rdatasetiter_t *rdsiter = NULL;
+	dns_rdataset_t rdataset;
+
+	dns_rdataset_init(&rdataset);
+
+	/*
+	 * Delete any records of the given type at the apex.
+	 */
+	result = dns_db_allrdatasets(gdb, node, gversion, 0, 0, &rdsiter);
+	check_result(result, "dns_db_allrdatasets()");
+	for (result = dns_rdatasetiter_first(rdsiter); result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
+	     result = dns_rdatasetiter_next(rdsiter))
+	{
+		dns_rdatasetiter_current(rdsiter, &rdataset);
+		type = rdataset.type;
+		covers = rdataset.covers;
+		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&rdataset);
+		if (type == which || covers == which) {
+			if (which == dns_rdatatype_nsec && checknsec &&
+			    !update_chain)
+			{
+				fatal("Zone contains NSEC records.  Use -u "
+				      "to update to NSEC3.");
+			}
+			if (which == dns_rdatatype_nsec3param && checknsec &&
+			    !update_chain)
+			{
+				fatal("Zone contains NSEC3 chains.  Use -u "
+				      "to update to NSEC.");
+			}
+			result = dns_db_deleterdataset(gdb, node, gversion,
+						       type, covers);
+			check_result(result, "dns_db_deleterdataset()");
+		}
+	}
+	dns_rdatasetiter_destroy(&rdsiter);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Remove signatures covering the given type.  If type == 0,
+ * then remove all signatures, unless this is a delegation, in
+ * which case remove all signatures except for DS or nsec_datatype
+ */
+static void
+remove_sigs(dns_dbnode_t *node, bool delegation, dns_rdatatype_t which) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	dns_rdatatype_t type, covers;
+	dns_rdatasetiter_t *rdsiter = NULL;
+	dns_rdataset_t rdataset;
+
+	dns_rdataset_init(&rdataset);
+	result = dns_db_allrdatasets(gdb, node, gversion, 0, 0, &rdsiter);
+	check_result(result, "dns_db_allrdatasets()");
+	for (result = dns_rdatasetiter_first(rdsiter); result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
+	     result = dns_rdatasetiter_next(rdsiter))
+	{
+		dns_rdatasetiter_current(rdsiter, &rdataset);
+		type = rdataset.type;
+		covers = rdataset.covers;
+		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&rdataset);
+
+		if (type != dns_rdatatype_rrsig) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (which == 0 && delegation &&
+		    (dns_rdatatype_atparent(covers) ||
+		     (nsec_datatype == dns_rdatatype_nsec &&
+		      covers == nsec_datatype)))
+		{
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (which != 0 && covers != which) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		result = dns_db_deleterdataset(gdb, node, gversion, type,
+					       covers);
+		check_result(result, "dns_db_deleterdataset()");
+	}
+	dns_rdatasetiter_destroy(&rdsiter);
+}
+
+/*%
+ * Generate NSEC records for the zone and remove NSEC3/NSEC3PARAM records.
+ */
+static void
+nsecify(void) {
+	dns_dbiterator_t *dbiter = NULL;
+	dns_dbnode_t *node = NULL, *nextnode = NULL;
+	dns_fixedname_t fname, fnextname, fzonecut;
+	dns_name_t *name, *nextname, *zonecut;
+	dns_rdataset_t rdataset;
+	dns_rdatasetiter_t *rdsiter = NULL;
+	dns_rdatatype_t type, covers;
+	bool done = false;
+	isc_result_t result;
+	uint32_t nsttl = 0;
+
+	dns_rdataset_init(&rdataset);
+	name = dns_fixedname_initname(&fname);
+	nextname = dns_fixedname_initname(&fnextname);
+	zonecut = NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * Remove any NSEC3 chains.
+	 */
+	result = dns_db_createiterator(gdb, DNS_DB_NSEC3ONLY, &dbiter);
+	check_result(result, "dns_db_createiterator()");
+	for (result = dns_dbiterator_first(dbiter); result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
+	     result = dns_dbiterator_next(dbiter))
+	{
+		result = dns_dbiterator_current(dbiter, &node, name);
+		check_dns_dbiterator_current(result);
+		result = dns_db_allrdatasets(gdb, node, gversion, 0, 0,
+					     &rdsiter);
+		check_result(result, "dns_db_allrdatasets()");
+		for (result = dns_rdatasetiter_first(rdsiter);
+		     result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
+		     result = dns_rdatasetiter_next(rdsiter))
+		{
+			dns_rdatasetiter_current(rdsiter, &rdataset);
+			type = rdataset.type;
+			covers = rdataset.covers;
+			dns_rdataset_disassociate(&rdataset);
+			result = dns_db_deleterdataset(gdb, node, gversion,
+						       type, covers);
+			check_result(result, "dns_db_deleterdataset(nsec3param/"
+					     "rrsig)");
+		}
+		dns_rdatasetiter_destroy(&rdsiter);
+		dns_db_detachnode(gdb, &node);
+	}
+	dns_dbiterator_destroy(&dbiter);
+
+	result = dns_db_createiterator(gdb, DNS_DB_NONSEC3, &dbiter);
+	check_result(result, "dns_db_createiterator()");
+
+	result = dns_dbiterator_first(dbiter);
+	check_result(result, "dns_dbiterator_first()");
+
+	while (!done) {
+		result = dns_dbiterator_current(dbiter, &node, name);
+		check_dns_dbiterator_current(result);
+		/*
+		 * Skip out-of-zone records.
+		 */
+		if (!dns_name_issubdomain(name, gorigin)) {
+			result = dns_dbiterator_next(dbiter);
+			if (result == ISC_R_NOMORE) {
+				done = true;
+			} else {
+				check_result(result, "dns_dbiterator_next()");
+			}
+			dns_db_detachnode(gdb, &node);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (dns_name_equal(name, gorigin)) {
+			remove_records(node, dns_rdatatype_nsec3param, true);
+			/* Clean old rrsigs at apex. */
+			(void)active_node(node);
+		}
+
+		if (is_delegation(gdb, gversion, gorigin, name, node, &nsttl)) {
+			zonecut = savezonecut(&fzonecut, name);
+			remove_sigs(node, true, 0);
+			if (generateds) {
+				add_ds(name, node, nsttl);
+			}
+		} else if (has_dname(gdb, gversion, node)) {
+			zonecut = savezonecut(&fzonecut, name);
+		}
+
+		result = dns_dbiterator_next(dbiter);
+		nextnode = NULL;
+		while (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			bool active = false;
+			result = dns_dbiterator_current(dbiter, &nextnode,
+							nextname);
+			check_dns_dbiterator_current(result);
+			active = active_node(nextnode);
+			if (!active) {
+				dns_db_detachnode(gdb, &nextnode);
+				result = dns_dbiterator_next(dbiter);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!dns_name_issubdomain(nextname, gorigin) ||
+			    (zonecut != NULL &&
+			     dns_name_issubdomain(nextname, zonecut)))
+			{
+				remove_sigs(nextnode, false, 0);
+				remove_records(nextnode, dns_rdatatype_nsec,
+					       false);
+				dns_db_detachnode(gdb, &nextnode);
+				result = dns_dbiterator_next(dbiter);
+				continue;
+			}
+			dns_db_detachnode(gdb, &nextnode);
+			break;
+		}
+		if (result == ISC_R_NOMORE) {
+			dns_name_clone(gorigin, nextname);
+			done = true;
+		} else if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fatal("iterating through the database failed: %s",
+			      isc_result_totext(result));
+		}
+		dns_dbiterator_pause(dbiter);
+		result = dns_nsec_build(gdb, gversion, node, nextname,
+					zone_soa_min_ttl);
+		check_result(result, "dns_nsec_build()");
+		dns_db_detachnode(gdb, &node);
+	}
+
+	dns_dbiterator_destroy(&dbiter);
+}
+
+static void
+addnsec3param(const unsigned char *salt, size_t salt_len,
+	      dns_iterations_t iterations) {
+	dns_dbnode_t *node = NULL;
+	dns_rdata_nsec3param_t nsec3param;
+	unsigned char nsec3parambuf[5 + 255];
+	dns_rdatalist_t rdatalist;
+	dns_rdataset_t rdataset;
+	dns_rdata_t rdata = DNS_RDATA_INIT;
+	isc_buffer_t b;
+	isc_result_t result;
+
+	dns_rdataset_init(&rdataset);
+
+	nsec3param.common.rdclass = gclass;
+	nsec3param.common.rdtype = dns_rdatatype_nsec3param;
+	ISC_LINK_INIT(&nsec3param.common, link);
+	nsec3param.mctx = NULL;
+	nsec3param.flags = 0;
+	nsec3param.hash = unknownalg ? DNS_NSEC3_UNKNOWNALG : dns_hash_sha1;
+	nsec3param.iterations = iterations;
+	nsec3param.salt_length = (unsigned char)salt_len;
+	DE_CONST(salt, nsec3param.salt);
+
+	isc_buffer_init(&b, nsec3parambuf, sizeof(nsec3parambuf));
+	result = dns_rdata_fromstruct(&rdata, gclass, dns_rdatatype_nsec3param,
+				      &nsec3param, &b);
+	check_result(result, "dns_rdata_fromstruct()");
+	dns_rdatalist_init(&rdatalist);
+	rdatalist.rdclass = rdata.rdclass;
+	rdatalist.type = rdata.type;
+	ISC_LIST_APPEND(rdatalist.rdata, &rdata, link);
+	result = dns_rdatalist_tordataset(&rdatalist, &rdataset);
+	check_result(result, "dns_rdatalist_tordataset()");
+
+	result = dns_db_findnode(gdb, gorigin, true, &node);
+	check_result(result, "dns_db_findnode(gorigin)");
+
+	/*
+	 * Delete any current NSEC3PARAM records.
+	 */
+	result = dns_db_deleterdataset(gdb, node, gversion,
+				       dns_rdatatype_nsec3param, 0);
+	if (result == DNS_R_UNCHANGED) {
+		result = ISC_R_SUCCESS;
+	}
+	check_result(result, "dddnsec3param: dns_db_deleterdataset()");
+
+	result = dns_db_addrdataset(gdb, node, gversion, 0, &rdataset,
+				    DNS_DBADD_MERGE, NULL);
+	if (result == DNS_R_UNCHANGED) {
+		result = ISC_R_SUCCESS;
+	}
+	check_result(result, "addnsec3param: dns_db_addrdataset()");
+	dns_db_detachnode(gdb, &node);
+}
+
+static void
+addnsec3(dns_name_t *name, dns_dbnode_t *node, const unsigned char *salt,
+	 size_t salt_len, unsigned int iterations, hashlist_t *hashlist,
+	 dns_ttl_t ttl) {
+	unsigned char hash[NSEC3_MAX_HASH_LENGTH];
+	const unsigned char *nexthash;
+	unsigned char nsec3buffer[DNS_NSEC3_BUFFERSIZE];
+	dns_fixedname_t hashname;
+	dns_rdatalist_t rdatalist;
+	dns_rdataset_t rdataset;
+	dns_rdata_t rdata = DNS_RDATA_INIT;
+	isc_result_t result;
+	dns_dbnode_t *nsec3node = NULL;
+	char namebuf[DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE];
+	size_t hash_len;
+
+	dns_name_format(name, namebuf, sizeof(namebuf));
+
+	dns_fixedname_init(&hashname);
+	dns_rdataset_init(&rdataset);
+
+	dns_name_downcase(name, name, NULL);
+	result = dns_nsec3_hashname(&hashname, hash, &hash_len, name, gorigin,
+				    dns_hash_sha1, iterations, salt, salt_len);
+	check_result(result, "addnsec3: dns_nsec3_hashname()");
+	nexthash = hashlist_findnext(hashlist, hash);
+	result = dns_nsec3_buildrdata(
+		gdb, gversion, node,
+		unknownalg ? DNS_NSEC3_UNKNOWNALG : dns_hash_sha1, nsec3flags,
+		iterations, salt, salt_len, nexthash, ISC_SHA1_DIGESTLENGTH,
+		nsec3buffer, &rdata);
+	check_result(result, "addnsec3: dns_nsec3_buildrdata()");
+	dns_rdatalist_init(&rdatalist);
+	rdatalist.rdclass = rdata.rdclass;
+	rdatalist.type = rdata.type;
+	rdatalist.ttl = ttl;
+	ISC_LIST_APPEND(rdatalist.rdata, &rdata, link);
+	result = dns_rdatalist_tordataset(&rdatalist, &rdataset);
+	check_result(result, "dns_rdatalist_tordataset()");
+	result = dns_db_findnsec3node(gdb, dns_fixedname_name(&hashname), true,
+				      &nsec3node);
+	check_result(result, "addnsec3: dns_db_findnode()");
+	result = dns_db_addrdataset(gdb, nsec3node, gversion, 0, &rdataset, 0,
+				    NULL);
+	if (result == DNS_R_UNCHANGED) {
+		result = ISC_R_SUCCESS;
+	}
+	check_result(result, "addnsec3: dns_db_addrdataset()");
+	dns_db_detachnode(gdb, &nsec3node);
+}
+
+/*%
+ * Clean out NSEC3 record and RRSIG(NSEC3) that are not in the hash list.
+ *
+ * Extract the hash from the first label of 'name' then see if it
+ * is in hashlist.  If 'name' is not in the hashlist then delete the
+ * any NSEC3 records which have the same parameters as the chain we
+ * are building.
+ *
+ * XXXMPA Should we also check that it of the form &lt;hash&gt;.&lt;origin&gt;?
+ */
+static void
+nsec3clean(dns_name_t *name, dns_dbnode_t *node, unsigned int hashalg,
+	   unsigned int iterations, const unsigned char *salt, size_t salt_len,
+	   hashlist_t *hashlist) {
+	dns_label_t label;
+	dns_rdata_nsec3_t nsec3;
+	dns_rdata_t rdata, delrdata;
+	dns_rdatalist_t rdatalist;
+	dns_rdataset_t rdataset, delrdataset;
+	bool delete_rrsigs = false;
+	isc_buffer_t target;
+	isc_result_t result;
+	unsigned char hash[NSEC3_MAX_HASH_LENGTH + 1];
+	bool exists;
+
+	/*
+	 * Get the first label.
+	 */
+	dns_name_getlabel(name, 0, &label);
+
+	/*
+	 * We want just the label contents.
+	 */
+	isc_region_consume(&label, 1);
+
+	/*
+	 * Decode base32hex string.
+	 */
+	isc_buffer_init(&target, hash, sizeof(hash) - 1);
+	result = isc_base32hex_decoderegion(&label, &target);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	hash[isc_buffer_usedlength(&target)] = 0;
+
+	exists = hashlist_exists(hashlist, hash);
+
+	/*
+	 * Verify that the NSEC3 parameters match the current ones
+	 * otherwise we are dealing with a different NSEC3 chain.
+	 */
+	dns_rdataset_init(&rdataset);
+	dns_rdataset_init(&delrdataset);
+
+	result = dns_db_findrdataset(gdb, node, gversion, dns_rdatatype_nsec3,
+				     0, 0, &rdataset, NULL);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Delete any NSEC3 records which are not part of the current
+	 * NSEC3 chain.
+	 */
+	for (result = dns_rdataset_first(&rdataset); result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
+	     result = dns_rdataset_next(&rdataset))
+	{
+		dns_rdata_init(&rdata);
+		dns_rdataset_current(&rdataset, &rdata);
+		result = dns_rdata_tostruct(&rdata, &nsec3, NULL);
+		check_result(result, "dns_rdata_tostruct");
+		if (exists && nsec3.hash == hashalg &&
+		    nsec3.iterations == iterations &&
+		    nsec3.salt_length == salt_len &&
+		    isc_safe_memequal(nsec3.salt, salt, salt_len))
+		{
+			continue;
+		}
+		dns_rdatalist_init(&rdatalist);
+		rdatalist.rdclass = rdata.rdclass;
+		rdatalist.type = rdata.type;
+		if (set_maxttl) {
+			rdatalist.ttl = ISC_MIN(rdataset.ttl, maxttl);
+		}
+		dns_rdata_init(&delrdata);
+		dns_rdata_clone(&rdata, &delrdata);
+		ISC_LIST_APPEND(rdatalist.rdata, &delrdata, link);
+		result = dns_rdatalist_tordataset(&rdatalist, &delrdataset);
+		check_result(result, "dns_rdatalist_tordataset()");
+		result = dns_db_subtractrdataset(gdb, node, gversion,
+						 &delrdataset, 0, NULL);
+		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&delrdataset);
+		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS && result != DNS_R_NXRRSET) {
+			check_result(result, "dns_db_subtractrdataset(NSEC3)");
+		}
+		delete_rrsigs = true;
+	}
+	dns_rdataset_disassociate(&rdataset);
+	if (result != ISC_R_NOMORE) {
+		check_result(result, "dns_rdataset_first/next");
+	}
+
+	if (!delete_rrsigs) {
+		return;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Delete the NSEC3 RRSIGs
+	 */
+	result = dns_db_deleterdataset(gdb, node, gversion, dns_rdatatype_rrsig,
+				       dns_rdatatype_nsec3);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS && result != DNS_R_UNCHANGED) {
+		check_result(result, "dns_db_deleterdataset(RRSIG(NSEC3))");
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+rrset_cleanup(dns_name_t *name, dns_rdataset_t *rdataset, dns_diff_t *add,
+	      dns_diff_t *del) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	unsigned int count1 = 0;
+	dns_rdataset_t tmprdataset;
+	char namestr[DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE];
+	char typestr[DNS_RDATATYPE_FORMATSIZE];
+
+	dns_name_format(name, namestr, sizeof(namestr));
+	dns_rdatatype_format(rdataset->type, typestr, sizeof(typestr));
+
+	dns_rdataset_init(&tmprdataset);
+	for (result = dns_rdataset_first(rdataset); result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
+	     result = dns_rdataset_next(rdataset))
+	{
+		dns_rdata_t rdata1 = DNS_RDATA_INIT;
+		unsigned int count2 = 0;
+
+		count1++;
+		dns_rdataset_current(rdataset, &rdata1);
+		dns_rdataset_clone(rdataset, &tmprdataset);
+		for (result = dns_rdataset_first(&tmprdataset);
+		     result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
+		     result = dns_rdataset_next(&tmprdataset))
+		{
+			dns_rdata_t rdata2 = DNS_RDATA_INIT;
+			dns_difftuple_t *tuple = NULL;
+			count2++;
+			dns_rdataset_current(&tmprdataset, &rdata2);
+			if (count1 < count2 &&
+			    dns_rdata_casecompare(&rdata1, &rdata2) == 0)
+			{
+				vbprintf(2, "removing duplicate at %s/%s\n",
+					 namestr, typestr);
+				result = dns_difftuple_create(
+					mctx, DNS_DIFFOP_DELRESIGN, name,
+					rdataset->ttl, &rdata2, &tuple);
+				check_result(result, "dns_difftuple_create");
+				dns_diff_append(del, &tuple);
+			} else if (set_maxttl && rdataset->ttl > maxttl) {
+				vbprintf(2,
+					 "reducing ttl of %s/%s "
+					 "from %d to %d\n",
+					 namestr, typestr, rdataset->ttl,
+					 maxttl);
+				result = dns_difftuple_create(
+					mctx, DNS_DIFFOP_DELRESIGN, name,
+					rdataset->ttl, &rdata2, &tuple);
+				check_result(result, "dns_difftuple_create");
+				dns_diff_append(del, &tuple);
+				tuple = NULL;
+				result = dns_difftuple_create(
+					mctx, DNS_DIFFOP_ADDRESIGN, name,
+					maxttl, &rdata2, &tuple);
+				check_result(result, "dns_difftuple_create");
+				dns_diff_append(add, &tuple);
+			}
+		}
+		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&tmprdataset);
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+cleanup_zone(void) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	dns_dbiterator_t *dbiter = NULL;
+	dns_rdatasetiter_t *rdsiter = NULL;
+	dns_diff_t add, del;
+	dns_dbnode_t *node = NULL;
+	dns_rdataset_t rdataset;
+	dns_fixedname_t fname;
+	dns_name_t *name;
+
+	dns_diff_init(mctx, &add);
+	dns_diff_init(mctx, &del);
+	name = dns_fixedname_initname(&fname);
+	dns_rdataset_init(&rdataset);
+
+	result = dns_db_createiterator(gdb, 0, &dbiter);
+	check_result(result, "dns_db_createiterator()");
+
+	for (result = dns_dbiterator_first(dbiter); result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
+	     result = dns_dbiterator_next(dbiter))
+	{
+		result = dns_dbiterator_current(dbiter, &node, name);
+		check_dns_dbiterator_current(result);
+		result = dns_db_allrdatasets(gdb, node, gversion, 0, 0,
+					     &rdsiter);
+		check_result(result, "dns_db_allrdatasets()");
+		for (result = dns_rdatasetiter_first(rdsiter);
+		     result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
+		     result = dns_rdatasetiter_next(rdsiter))
+		{
+			dns_rdatasetiter_current(rdsiter, &rdataset);
+			rrset_cleanup(name, &rdataset, &add, &del);
+			dns_rdataset_disassociate(&rdataset);
+		}
+		if (result != ISC_R_NOMORE) {
+			fatal("rdatasets iteration failed.");
+		}
+		dns_rdatasetiter_destroy(&rdsiter);
+		dns_db_detachnode(gdb, &node);
+	}
+	if (result != ISC_R_NOMORE) {
+		fatal("zone iteration failed.");
+	}
+
+	result = dns_diff_applysilently(&del, gdb, gversion);
+	check_result(result, "dns_diff_applysilently");
+
+	result = dns_diff_applysilently(&add, gdb, gversion);
+	check_result(result, "dns_diff_applysilently");
+
+	dns_diff_clear(&del);
+	dns_diff_clear(&add);
+	dns_dbiterator_destroy(&dbiter);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate NSEC3 records for the zone.
+ */
+static void
+nsec3ify(unsigned int hashalg, dns_iterations_t iterations,
+	 const unsigned char *salt, size_t salt_len, hashlist_t *hashlist) {
+	dns_dbiterator_t *dbiter = NULL;
+	dns_dbnode_t *node = NULL, *nextnode = NULL;
+	dns_fixedname_t fname, fnextname, fzonecut;
+	dns_name_t *name, *nextname, *zonecut;
+	dns_rdataset_t rdataset;
+	int order;
+	bool active;
+	bool done = false;
+	isc_result_t result;
+	uint32_t nsttl = 0;
+	unsigned int count, nlabels;
+
+	dns_rdataset_init(&rdataset);
+	name = dns_fixedname_initname(&fname);
+	nextname = dns_fixedname_initname(&fnextname);
+	zonecut = NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * Walk the zone generating the hash names.
+	 */
+	result = dns_db_createiterator(gdb, DNS_DB_NONSEC3, &dbiter);
+	check_result(result, "dns_db_createiterator()");
+
+	result = dns_dbiterator_first(dbiter);
+	check_result(result, "dns_dbiterator_first()");
+
+	while (!done) {
+		result = dns_dbiterator_current(dbiter, &node, name);
+		check_dns_dbiterator_current(result);
+		/*
+		 * Skip out-of-zone records.
+		 */
+		if (!dns_name_issubdomain(name, gorigin)) {
+			result = dns_dbiterator_next(dbiter);
+			if (result == ISC_R_NOMORE) {
+				done = true;
+			} else {
+				check_result(result, "dns_dbiterator_next()");
+			}
+			dns_db_detachnode(gdb, &node);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (dns_name_equal(name, gorigin)) {
+			remove_records(node, dns_rdatatype_nsec, true);
+			/* Clean old rrsigs at apex. */
+			(void)active_node(node);
+		}
+
+		if (has_dname(gdb, gversion, node)) {
+			zonecut = savezonecut(&fzonecut, name);
+		}
+
+		result = dns_dbiterator_next(dbiter);
+		nextnode = NULL;
+		while (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			result = dns_dbiterator_current(dbiter, &nextnode,
+							nextname);
+			check_dns_dbiterator_current(result);
+			active = active_node(nextnode);
+			if (!active) {
+				dns_db_detachnode(gdb, &nextnode);
+				result = dns_dbiterator_next(dbiter);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!dns_name_issubdomain(nextname, gorigin) ||
+			    (zonecut != NULL &&
+			     dns_name_issubdomain(nextname, zonecut)))
+			{
+				remove_sigs(nextnode, false, 0);
+				dns_db_detachnode(gdb, &nextnode);
+				result = dns_dbiterator_next(dbiter);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (is_delegation(gdb, gversion, gorigin, nextname,
+					  nextnode, &nsttl))
+			{
+				zonecut = savezonecut(&fzonecut, nextname);
+				remove_sigs(nextnode, true, 0);
+				if (generateds) {
+					add_ds(nextname, nextnode, nsttl);
+				}
+				if (OPTOUT(nsec3flags) &&
+				    !secure(nextname, nextnode))
+				{
+					dns_db_detachnode(gdb, &nextnode);
+					result = dns_dbiterator_next(dbiter);
+					continue;
+				}
+			} else if (has_dname(gdb, gversion, nextnode)) {
+				zonecut = savezonecut(&fzonecut, nextname);
+			}
+			dns_db_detachnode(gdb, &nextnode);
+			break;
+		}
+		if (result == ISC_R_NOMORE) {
+			dns_name_copy(gorigin, nextname);
+			done = true;
+		} else if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fatal("iterating through the database failed: %s",
+			      isc_result_totext(result));
+		}
+		dns_name_downcase(name, name, NULL);
+		hashlist_add_dns_name(hashlist, name, hashalg, iterations, salt,
+				      salt_len, false);
+		dns_db_detachnode(gdb, &node);
+		/*
+		 * Add hashes for empty nodes.  Use closest encloser logic.
+		 * The closest encloser either has data or is a empty
+		 * node for another <name,nextname> span so we don't add
+		 * it here.  Empty labels on nextname are within the span.
+		 */
+		dns_name_downcase(nextname, nextname, NULL);
+		dns_name_fullcompare(name, nextname, &order, &nlabels);
+		addnowildcardhash(hashlist, name, hashalg, iterations, salt,
+				  salt_len);
+		count = dns_name_countlabels(nextname);
+		while (count > nlabels + 1) {
+			count--;
+			dns_name_split(nextname, count, NULL, nextname);
+			hashlist_add_dns_name(hashlist, nextname, hashalg,
+					      iterations, salt, salt_len,
+					      false);
+			addnowildcardhash(hashlist, nextname, hashalg,
+					  iterations, salt, salt_len);
+		}
+	}
+	dns_dbiterator_destroy(&dbiter);
+
+	/*
+	 * We have all the hashes now so we can sort them.
+	 */
+	hashlist_sort(hashlist);
+
+	/*
+	 * Check for duplicate hashes.  If found the salt needs to
+	 * be changed.
+	 */
+	if (hashlist_hasdup(hashlist)) {
+		fatal("Duplicate hash detected. Pick a different salt.");
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Generate the nsec3 records.
+	 */
+	zonecut = NULL;
+	done = false;
+
+	addnsec3param(salt, salt_len, iterations);
+
+	/*
+	 * Clean out NSEC3 records which don't match this chain.
+	 */
+	result = dns_db_createiterator(gdb, DNS_DB_NSEC3ONLY, &dbiter);
+	check_result(result, "dns_db_createiterator()");
+
+	for (result = dns_dbiterator_first(dbiter); result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
+	     result = dns_dbiterator_next(dbiter))
+	{
+		result = dns_dbiterator_current(dbiter, &node, name);
+		check_dns_dbiterator_current(result);
+		nsec3clean(name, node, hashalg, iterations, salt, salt_len,
+			   hashlist);
+		dns_db_detachnode(gdb, &node);
+	}
+	dns_dbiterator_destroy(&dbiter);
+
+	/*
+	 * Generate / complete the new chain.
+	 */
+	result = dns_db_createiterator(gdb, DNS_DB_NONSEC3, &dbiter);
+	check_result(result, "dns_db_createiterator()");
+
+	result = dns_dbiterator_first(dbiter);
+	check_result(result, "dns_dbiterator_first()");
+
+	while (!done) {
+		result = dns_dbiterator_current(dbiter, &node, name);
+		check_dns_dbiterator_current(result);
+		/*
+		 * Skip out-of-zone records.
+		 */
+		if (!dns_name_issubdomain(name, gorigin)) {
+			result = dns_dbiterator_next(dbiter);
+			if (result == ISC_R_NOMORE) {
+				done = true;
+			} else {
+				check_result(result, "dns_dbiterator_next()");
+			}
+			dns_db_detachnode(gdb, &node);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (has_dname(gdb, gversion, node)) {
+			zonecut = savezonecut(&fzonecut, name);
+		}
+
+		result = dns_dbiterator_next(dbiter);
+		nextnode = NULL;
+		while (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			result = dns_dbiterator_current(dbiter, &nextnode,
+							nextname);
+			check_dns_dbiterator_current(result);
+			active = active_node(nextnode);
+			if (!active) {
+				dns_db_detachnode(gdb, &nextnode);
+				result = dns_dbiterator_next(dbiter);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!dns_name_issubdomain(nextname, gorigin) ||
+			    (zonecut != NULL &&
+			     dns_name_issubdomain(nextname, zonecut)))
+			{
+				dns_db_detachnode(gdb, &nextnode);
+				result = dns_dbiterator_next(dbiter);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (is_delegation(gdb, gversion, gorigin, nextname,
+					  nextnode, NULL))
+			{
+				zonecut = savezonecut(&fzonecut, nextname);
+				if (OPTOUT(nsec3flags) &&
+				    !secure(nextname, nextnode))
+				{
+					dns_db_detachnode(gdb, &nextnode);
+					result = dns_dbiterator_next(dbiter);
+					continue;
+				}
+			} else if (has_dname(gdb, gversion, nextnode)) {
+				zonecut = savezonecut(&fzonecut, nextname);
+			}
+			dns_db_detachnode(gdb, &nextnode);
+			break;
+		}
+		if (result == ISC_R_NOMORE) {
+			dns_name_copy(gorigin, nextname);
+			done = true;
+		} else if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fatal("iterating through the database failed: %s",
+			      isc_result_totext(result));
+		}
+		/*
+		 * We need to pause here to release the lock on the database.
+		 */
+		dns_dbiterator_pause(dbiter);
+		addnsec3(name, node, salt, salt_len, iterations, hashlist,
+			 zone_soa_min_ttl);
+		dns_db_detachnode(gdb, &node);
+		/*
+		 * Add NSEC3's for empty nodes.  Use closest encloser logic.
+		 */
+		dns_name_fullcompare(name, nextname, &order, &nlabels);
+		count = dns_name_countlabels(nextname);
+		while (count > nlabels + 1) {
+			count--;
+			dns_name_split(nextname, count, NULL, nextname);
+			addnsec3(nextname, NULL, salt, salt_len, iterations,
+				 hashlist, zone_soa_min_ttl);
+		}
+	}
+	dns_dbiterator_destroy(&dbiter);
+}
+
+/*%
+ * Load the zone file from disk
+ */
+static void
+loadzone(char *file, char *origin, dns_rdataclass_t rdclass, dns_db_t **db) {
+	isc_buffer_t b;
+	int len;
+	dns_fixedname_t fname;
+	dns_name_t *name;
+	isc_result_t result;
+
+	len = strlen(origin);
+	isc_buffer_init(&b, origin, len);
+	isc_buffer_add(&b, len);
+
+	name = dns_fixedname_initname(&fname);
+	result = dns_name_fromtext(name, &b, dns_rootname, 0, NULL);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("failed converting name '%s' to dns format: %s", origin,
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+
+	result = dns_db_create(mctx, "rbt", name, dns_dbtype_zone, rdclass, 0,
+			       NULL, db);
+	check_result(result, "dns_db_create()");
+
+	result = dns_db_load(*db, file, inputformat, 0);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS && result != DNS_R_SEENINCLUDE) {
+		fatal("failed loading zone from '%s': %s", file,
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+}
+
+/*%
+ * Finds all public zone keys in the zone, and attempts to load the
+ * private keys from disk.
+ */
+static void
+loadzonekeys(bool preserve_keys, bool load_public) {
+	dns_dbnode_t *node;
+	dns_dbversion_t *currentversion = NULL;
+	isc_result_t result;
+	dns_rdataset_t rdataset, keysigs, soasigs;
+
+	node = NULL;
+	result = dns_db_findnode(gdb, gorigin, false, &node);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("failed to find the zone's origin: %s",
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+
+	dns_db_currentversion(gdb, &currentversion);
+
+	dns_rdataset_init(&rdataset);
+	dns_rdataset_init(&soasigs);
+	dns_rdataset_init(&keysigs);
+
+	/* Make note of the keys which signed the SOA, if any */
+	result = dns_db_findrdataset(gdb, node, currentversion,
+				     dns_rdatatype_soa, 0, 0, &rdataset,
+				     &soasigs);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	/* Preserve the TTL of the DNSKEY RRset, if any */
+	dns_rdataset_disassociate(&rdataset);
+	result = dns_db_findrdataset(gdb, node, currentversion,
+				     dns_rdatatype_dnskey, 0, 0, &rdataset,
+				     &keysigs);
+
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	if (set_keyttl && keyttl != rdataset.ttl) {
+		fprintf(stderr,
+			"User-specified TTL %u conflicts "
+			"with existing DNSKEY RRset TTL.\n",
+			keyttl);
+		fprintf(stderr,
+			"Imported keys will use the RRSet "
+			"TTL %u instead.\n",
+			rdataset.ttl);
+	}
+	keyttl = rdataset.ttl;
+
+	/* Load keys corresponding to the existing DNSKEY RRset. */
+	result = dns_dnssec_keylistfromrdataset(
+		gorigin, directory, mctx, &rdataset, &keysigs, &soasigs,
+		preserve_keys, load_public, &keylist);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("failed to load the zone keys: %s",
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+
+cleanup:
+	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&rdataset)) {
+		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&rdataset);
+	}
+	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&keysigs)) {
+		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&keysigs);
+	}
+	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&soasigs)) {
+		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&soasigs);
+	}
+	dns_db_detachnode(gdb, &node);
+	dns_db_closeversion(gdb, &currentversion, false);
+}
+
+static void
+loadexplicitkeys(char *keyfiles[], int n, bool setksk) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		dns_dnsseckey_t *key = NULL;
+		dst_key_t *newkey = NULL;
+
+		result = dst_key_fromnamedfile(
+			keyfiles[i], directory,
+			DST_TYPE_PUBLIC | DST_TYPE_PRIVATE, mctx, &newkey);
+		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fatal("cannot load dnskey %s: %s", keyfiles[i],
+			      isc_result_totext(result));
+		}
+
+		if (!dns_name_equal(gorigin, dst_key_name(newkey))) {
+			fatal("key %s not at origin\n", keyfiles[i]);
+		}
+
+		if (!dst_key_isprivate(newkey)) {
+			fatal("cannot sign zone with non-private dnskey %s",
+			      keyfiles[i]);
+		}
+
+		/* Skip any duplicates */
+		for (key = ISC_LIST_HEAD(keylist); key != NULL;
+		     key = ISC_LIST_NEXT(key, link))
+		{
+			if (dst_key_id(key->key) == dst_key_id(newkey) &&
+			    dst_key_alg(key->key) == dst_key_alg(newkey))
+			{
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (key == NULL) {
+			/* We haven't seen this key before */
+			dns_dnsseckey_create(mctx, &newkey, &key);
+			ISC_LIST_APPEND(keylist, key, link);
+			key->source = dns_keysource_user;
+		} else {
+			dst_key_free(&key->key);
+			key->key = newkey;
+		}
+
+		key->force_publish = true;
+		key->force_sign = true;
+
+		if (setksk) {
+			key->ksk = true;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+report(const char *format, ...) {
+	if (!quiet) {
+		FILE *out = output_stdout ? stderr : stdout;
+		char buf[4096];
+		va_list args;
+
+		va_start(args, format);
+		vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), format, args);
+		va_end(args);
+		fprintf(out, "%s\n", buf);
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+clear_keylist(dns_dnsseckeylist_t *list) {
+	dns_dnsseckey_t *key;
+	while (!ISC_LIST_EMPTY(*list)) {
+		key = ISC_LIST_HEAD(*list);
+		ISC_LIST_UNLINK(*list, key, link);
+		dns_dnsseckey_destroy(mctx, &key);
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+build_final_keylist(void) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	dns_dbnode_t *node = NULL;
+	dns_dbversion_t *ver = NULL;
+	dns_diff_t diff;
+	dns_dnsseckeylist_t rmkeys, matchkeys;
+	char name[DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE];
+	dns_rdataset_t cdsset, cdnskeyset, soaset;
+
+	ISC_LIST_INIT(rmkeys);
+	ISC_LIST_INIT(matchkeys);
+
+	dns_rdataset_init(&soaset);
+	dns_rdataset_init(&cdsset);
+	dns_rdataset_init(&cdnskeyset);
+
+	/*
+	 * Find keys that match this zone in the key repository.
+	 */
+	result = dns_dnssec_findmatchingkeys(gorigin, directory, now, mctx,
+					     &matchkeys);
+	if (result == ISC_R_NOTFOUND) {
+		result = ISC_R_SUCCESS;
+	}
+	check_result(result, "dns_dnssec_findmatchingkeys");
+
+	result = dns_db_newversion(gdb, &ver);
+	check_result(result, "dns_db_newversion");
+
+	result = dns_db_getoriginnode(gdb, &node);
+	check_result(result, "dns_db_getoriginnode");
+
+	/* Get the CDS rdataset */
+	result = dns_db_findrdataset(gdb, node, ver, dns_rdatatype_cds,
+				     dns_rdatatype_none, 0, &cdsset, NULL);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS && dns_rdataset_isassociated(&cdsset)) {
+		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&cdsset);
+	}
+
+	/* Get the CDNSKEY rdataset */
+	result = dns_db_findrdataset(gdb, node, ver, dns_rdatatype_cdnskey,
+				     dns_rdatatype_none, 0, &cdnskeyset, NULL);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS && dns_rdataset_isassociated(&cdnskeyset)) {
+		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&cdnskeyset);
+	}
+
+	dns_diff_init(mctx, &diff);
+
+	/*
+	 * Update keylist with information from from the key repository.
+	 */
+	dns_dnssec_updatekeys(&keylist, &matchkeys, NULL, gorigin, keyttl,
+			      &diff, mctx, report);
+
+	/*
+	 * Update keylist with sync records.
+	 */
+	dns_dnssec_syncupdate(&keylist, &rmkeys, &cdsset, &cdnskeyset, now,
+			      keyttl, &diff, mctx);
+
+	dns_name_format(gorigin, name, sizeof(name));
+
+	result = dns_diff_applysilently(&diff, gdb, ver);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("failed to update DNSKEY RRset at node '%s': %s", name,
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+
+	dns_db_detachnode(gdb, &node);
+	dns_db_closeversion(gdb, &ver, true);
+
+	dns_diff_clear(&diff);
+
+	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&cdsset)) {
+		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&cdsset);
+	}
+	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&cdnskeyset)) {
+		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&cdnskeyset);
+	}
+
+	clear_keylist(&rmkeys);
+	clear_keylist(&matchkeys);
+}
+
+static void
+warnifallksk(dns_db_t *db) {
+	dns_dbversion_t *currentversion = NULL;
+	dns_dbnode_t *node = NULL;
+	dns_rdataset_t rdataset;
+	dns_rdata_t rdata = DNS_RDATA_INIT;
+	isc_result_t result;
+	dns_rdata_dnskey_t dnskey;
+	bool have_non_ksk = false;
+
+	dns_db_currentversion(db, &currentversion);
+
+	result = dns_db_findnode(db, gorigin, false, &node);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("failed to find the zone's origin: %s",
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+
+	dns_rdataset_init(&rdataset);
+	result = dns_db_findrdataset(db, node, currentversion,
+				     dns_rdatatype_dnskey, 0, 0, &rdataset,
+				     NULL);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("failed to find keys at the zone apex: %s",
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+	result = dns_rdataset_first(&rdataset);
+	check_result(result, "dns_rdataset_first");
+	while (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		dns_rdata_reset(&rdata);
+		dns_rdataset_current(&rdataset, &rdata);
+		result = dns_rdata_tostruct(&rdata, &dnskey, NULL);
+		check_result(result, "dns_rdata_tostruct");
+		if ((dnskey.flags & DNS_KEYFLAG_KSK) == 0) {
+			have_non_ksk = true;
+			result = ISC_R_NOMORE;
+		} else {
+			result = dns_rdataset_next(&rdataset);
+		}
+		dns_rdata_freestruct(&dnskey);
+	}
+	dns_rdataset_disassociate(&rdataset);
+	dns_db_detachnode(db, &node);
+	dns_db_closeversion(db, &currentversion, false);
+	if (!have_non_ksk && !ignore_kskflag) {
+		if (disable_zone_check) {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"%s: warning: No non-KSK DNSKEY found; "
+				"supply a ZSK or use '-z'.\n",
+				program);
+		} else {
+			fatal("No non-KSK DNSKEY found; "
+			      "supply a ZSK or use '-z'.");
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+set_nsec3params(bool update, bool set_salt, bool set_optout, bool set_iter) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	dns_dbversion_t *ver = NULL;
+	dns_dbnode_t *node = NULL;
+	dns_rdataset_t rdataset;
+	dns_rdata_t rdata = DNS_RDATA_INIT;
+	dns_rdata_nsec3_t nsec3;
+	dns_fixedname_t fname;
+	dns_name_t *hashname;
+	unsigned char orig_salt[255];
+	size_t orig_saltlen;
+	dns_hash_t orig_hash;
+	uint16_t orig_iter;
+
+	dns_db_currentversion(gdb, &ver);
+	dns_rdataset_init(&rdataset);
+
+	orig_saltlen = sizeof(orig_salt);
+	result = dns_db_getnsec3parameters(gdb, ver, &orig_hash, NULL,
+					   &orig_iter, orig_salt,
+					   &orig_saltlen);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	nsec_datatype = dns_rdatatype_nsec3;
+
+	if (!update && set_salt) {
+		if (salt_length != orig_saltlen ||
+		    !isc_safe_memequal(saltbuf, orig_salt, salt_length))
+		{
+			fatal("An NSEC3 chain exists with a different salt. "
+			      "Use -u to update it.");
+		}
+	} else if (!set_salt) {
+		salt_length = orig_saltlen;
+		memmove(saltbuf, orig_salt, orig_saltlen);
+		gsalt = saltbuf;
+	}
+
+	if (!update && set_iter) {
+		if (nsec3iter != orig_iter) {
+			fatal("An NSEC3 chain exists with different "
+			      "iterations. Use -u to update it.");
+		}
+	} else if (!set_iter) {
+		nsec3iter = orig_iter;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Find an NSEC3 record to get the current OPTOUT value.
+	 * (This assumes all NSEC3 records agree.)
+	 */
+
+	hashname = dns_fixedname_initname(&fname);
+	result = dns_nsec3_hashname(&fname, NULL, NULL, gorigin, gorigin,
+				    dns_hash_sha1, orig_iter, orig_salt,
+				    orig_saltlen);
+	check_result(result, "dns_nsec3_hashname");
+
+	result = dns_db_findnsec3node(gdb, hashname, false, &node);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	result = dns_db_findrdataset(gdb, node, ver, dns_rdatatype_nsec3, 0, 0,
+				     &rdataset, NULL);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	result = dns_rdataset_first(&rdataset);
+	check_result(result, "dns_rdataset_first");
+	dns_rdataset_current(&rdataset, &rdata);
+	result = dns_rdata_tostruct(&rdata, &nsec3, NULL);
+	check_result(result, "dns_rdata_tostruct");
+
+	if (!update && set_optout) {
+		if (nsec3flags != nsec3.flags) {
+			fatal("An NSEC3 chain exists with%s OPTOUT. "
+			      "Use -u -%s to %s it.",
+			      OPTOUT(nsec3.flags) ? "" : "out",
+			      OPTOUT(nsec3.flags) ? "AA" : "A",
+			      OPTOUT(nsec3.flags) ? "clear" : "set");
+		}
+	} else if (!set_optout) {
+		nsec3flags = nsec3.flags;
+	}
+
+	dns_rdata_freestruct(&nsec3);
+
+cleanup:
+	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&rdataset)) {
+		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&rdataset);
+	}
+	if (node != NULL) {
+		dns_db_detachnode(gdb, &node);
+	}
+	dns_db_closeversion(gdb, &ver, false);
+}
+
+static void
+writeset(const char *prefix, dns_rdatatype_t type) {
+	char *filename;
+	char namestr[DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE];
+	dns_db_t *db = NULL;
+	dns_dbversion_t *dbversion = NULL;
+	dns_diff_t diff;
+	dns_difftuple_t *tuple = NULL;
+	dns_name_t *name;
+	dns_rdata_t rdata, ds;
+	bool have_ksk = false;
+	bool have_non_ksk = false;
+	isc_buffer_t b;
+	isc_buffer_t namebuf;
+	isc_region_t r;
+	isc_result_t result;
+	dns_dnsseckey_t *key, *curr;
+	unsigned char dsbuf[DNS_DS_BUFFERSIZE];
+	unsigned char keybuf[DST_KEY_MAXSIZE];
+	unsigned int filenamelen;
+	const dns_master_style_t *style = (type == dns_rdatatype_dnskey)
+						  ? masterstyle
+						  : dsstyle;
+
+	isc_buffer_init(&namebuf, namestr, sizeof(namestr));
+	result = dns_name_tofilenametext(gorigin, false, &namebuf);
+	check_result(result, "dns_name_tofilenametext");
+	isc_buffer_putuint8(&namebuf, 0);
+	filenamelen = strlen(prefix) + strlen(namestr) + 1;
+	if (dsdir != NULL) {
+		filenamelen += strlen(dsdir) + 1;
+	}
+	filename = isc_mem_get(mctx, filenamelen);
+	if (dsdir != NULL) {
+		snprintf(filename, filenamelen, "%s/", dsdir);
+	} else {
+		filename[0] = 0;
+	}
+	strlcat(filename, prefix, filenamelen);
+	strlcat(filename, namestr, filenamelen);
+
+	dns_diff_init(mctx, &diff);
+
+	name = gorigin;
+
+	for (key = ISC_LIST_HEAD(keylist); key != NULL;
+	     key = ISC_LIST_NEXT(key, link))
+	{
+		if (REVOKE(key->key)) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (isksk(key)) {
+			have_ksk = true;
+			have_non_ksk = false;
+		} else {
+			have_ksk = false;
+			have_non_ksk = true;
+		}
+		for (curr = ISC_LIST_HEAD(keylist); curr != NULL;
+		     curr = ISC_LIST_NEXT(curr, link))
+		{
+			if (dst_key_alg(key->key) != dst_key_alg(curr->key)) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (REVOKE(curr->key)) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (isksk(curr)) {
+				have_ksk = true;
+			} else {
+				have_non_ksk = true;
+			}
+		}
+		if (have_ksk && have_non_ksk && !isksk(key)) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		dns_rdata_init(&rdata);
+		dns_rdata_init(&ds);
+		isc_buffer_init(&b, keybuf, sizeof(keybuf));
+		result = dst_key_todns(key->key, &b);
+		check_result(result, "dst_key_todns");
+		isc_buffer_usedregion(&b, &r);
+		dns_rdata_fromregion(&rdata, gclass, dns_rdatatype_dnskey, &r);
+		if (type != dns_rdatatype_dnskey) {
+			result = dns_ds_buildrdata(gorigin, &rdata,
+						   DNS_DSDIGEST_SHA256, dsbuf,
+						   &ds);
+			check_result(result, "dns_ds_buildrdata");
+			result = dns_difftuple_create(mctx,
+						      DNS_DIFFOP_ADDRESIGN,
+						      name, 0, &ds, &tuple);
+		} else {
+			result = dns_difftuple_create(
+				mctx, DNS_DIFFOP_ADDRESIGN, gorigin,
+				zone_soa_min_ttl, &rdata, &tuple);
+		}
+		check_result(result, "dns_difftuple_create");
+		dns_diff_append(&diff, &tuple);
+	}
+
+	result = dns_db_create(mctx, "rbt", dns_rootname, dns_dbtype_zone,
+			       gclass, 0, NULL, &db);
+	check_result(result, "dns_db_create");
+
+	result = dns_db_newversion(db, &dbversion);
+	check_result(result, "dns_db_newversion");
+
+	result = dns_diff_apply(&diff, db, dbversion);
+	check_result(result, "dns_diff_apply");
+	dns_diff_clear(&diff);
+
+	result = dns_master_dump(mctx, db, dbversion, style, filename,
+				 dns_masterformat_text, NULL);
+	check_result(result, "dns_master_dump");
+
+	isc_mem_put(mctx, filename, filenamelen);
+
+	dns_db_closeversion(db, &dbversion, false);
+	dns_db_detach(&db);
+}
+
+static void
+print_time(FILE *fp) {
+	time_t currenttime = time(NULL);
+	struct tm t, *tm = localtime_r(&currenttime, &t);
+	unsigned int flen;
+	char timebuf[80];
+
+	if (tm == NULL || outputformat != dns_masterformat_text) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	flen = strftime(timebuf, sizeof(timebuf), "%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y", tm);
+	INSIST(flen > 0U && flen < sizeof(timebuf));
+	fprintf(fp, "; File written on %s\n", timebuf);
+}
+
+static void
+print_version(FILE *fp) {
+	if (outputformat != dns_masterformat_text) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	fprintf(fp, "; dnssec_signzone version %s\n", PACKAGE_VERSION);
+}
+
+noreturn static void
+usage(void);
+
+static void
+usage(void) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "Usage:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t%s [options] zonefile [keys]\n", program);
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "Version: %s\n", PACKAGE_VERSION);
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "Options: (default value in parenthesis) \n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-S:\tsmart signing: automatically finds key files\n"
+			"\t\tfor the zone and determines how they are to "
+			"be used\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-K directory:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t\tdirectory to find key files (.)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-d directory:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t\tdirectory to find dsset-* files (.)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-g:\t");
+	fprintf(stderr, "update DS records based on child zones' "
+			"dsset-* files\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-s [YYYYMMDDHHMMSS|+offset]:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t\tRRSIG start time "
+			"- absolute|offset (now - 1 hour)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-e [YYYYMMDDHHMMSS|+offset|\"now\"+offset]:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t\tRRSIG end time "
+			"- absolute|from start|from now "
+			"(now + 30 days)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-X [YYYYMMDDHHMMSS|+offset|\"now\"+offset]:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t\tDNSKEY RRSIG end "
+			"- absolute|from start|from now "
+			"(matches -e)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-i interval:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t\tcycle interval - resign "
+			"if < interval from end ( (end-start)/4 )\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-j jitter:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t\trandomize signature end time up to jitter "
+			"seconds\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-v debuglevel (0)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-q quiet\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-V:\tprint version information\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-o origin:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t\tzone origin (name of zonefile)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-f outfile:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t\tfile the signed zone is written in "
+			"(zonefile + .signed)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-I format:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t\tfile format of input zonefile (text)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-O format:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t\tfile format of signed zone file (text)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-N format:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t\tsoa serial format of signed zone file (keep)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-D:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t\toutput only DNSSEC-related records\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-a:\t");
+	fprintf(stderr, "verify generated signatures\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-c class (IN)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-E engine:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t\tname of an OpenSSL engine to use\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-P:\t");
+	fprintf(stderr, "disable post-sign verification\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-Q:\t");
+	fprintf(stderr, "remove signatures from keys that are no "
+			"longer active\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-R:\t");
+	fprintf(stderr, "remove signatures from keys that no longer exist\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-T TTL:\tTTL for newly added DNSKEYs\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-t:\t");
+	fprintf(stderr, "print statistics\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-u:\t");
+	fprintf(stderr, "update or replace an existing NSEC/NSEC3 chain\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-x:\tsign DNSKEY record with KSKs only, not ZSKs\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-z:\tsign all records with KSKs\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-C:\tgenerate a keyset file, for compatibility\n"
+			"\t\twith older versions of dnssec-signzone -g\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-n ncpus (number of cpus present)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-k key_signing_key\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-3 NSEC3 salt\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-H NSEC3 iterations (10)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-A NSEC3 optout\n");
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "Signing Keys: ");
+	fprintf(stderr, "(default: all zone keys that have private keys)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\tkeyfile (Kname+alg+tag)\n");
+
+	exit(0);
+}
+
+static void
+removetempfile(void) {
+	if (removefile) {
+		isc_file_remove(tempfile);
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+print_stats(isc_time_t *timer_start, isc_time_t *timer_finish,
+	    isc_time_t *sign_start, isc_time_t *sign_finish) {
+	uint64_t time_us; /* Time in microseconds */
+	uint64_t time_ms; /* Time in milliseconds */
+	uint64_t sig_ms;  /* Signatures per millisecond */
+	FILE *out = output_stdout ? stderr : stdout;
+
+	fprintf(out, "Signatures generated:               %10u\n", nsigned);
+	fprintf(out, "Signatures retained:                %10u\n", nretained);
+	fprintf(out, "Signatures dropped:                 %10u\n", ndropped);
+	fprintf(out, "Signatures successfully verified:   %10u\n", nverified);
+	fprintf(out,
+		"Signatures unsuccessfully "
+		"verified: %10u\n",
+		nverifyfailed);
+
+	time_us = isc_time_microdiff(sign_finish, sign_start);
+	time_ms = time_us / 1000;
+	fprintf(out, "Signing time in seconds:           %7u.%03u\n",
+		(unsigned int)(time_ms / 1000), (unsigned int)(time_ms % 1000));
+	if (time_us > 0) {
+		sig_ms = ((uint64_t)nsigned * 1000000000) / time_us;
+		fprintf(out, "Signatures per second:             %7u.%03u\n",
+			(unsigned int)sig_ms / 1000,
+			(unsigned int)sig_ms % 1000);
+	}
+
+	time_us = isc_time_microdiff(timer_finish, timer_start);
+	time_ms = time_us / 1000;
+	fprintf(out, "Runtime in seconds:                %7u.%03u\n",
+		(unsigned int)(time_ms / 1000), (unsigned int)(time_ms % 1000));
+}
+
+int
+main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+	int i, ch;
+	char *startstr = NULL, *endstr = NULL, *classname = NULL;
+	char *dnskey_endstr = NULL;
+	char *origin = NULL, *file = NULL, *output = NULL;
+	char *inputformatstr = NULL, *outputformatstr = NULL;
+	char *serialformatstr = NULL;
+	char *dskeyfile[MAXDSKEYS];
+	int ndskeys = 0;
+	char *endp;
+	isc_time_t timer_start, timer_finish;
+	isc_time_t sign_start, sign_finish;
+	dns_dnsseckey_t *key;
+	isc_result_t result, vresult;
+	isc_log_t *log = NULL;
+	const char *engine = NULL;
+	bool free_output = false;
+	int tempfilelen = 0;
+	dns_rdataclass_t rdclass;
+	isc_task_t **tasks = NULL;
+	hashlist_t hashlist;
+	bool make_keyset = false;
+	bool set_salt = false;
+	bool set_optout = false;
+	bool set_iter = false;
+	bool nonsecify = false;
+
+	atomic_init(&shuttingdown, false);
+	atomic_init(&finished, false);
+
+	/* Unused letters: Bb G J q Yy (and F is reserved). */
+#define CMDLINE_FLAGS                                                         \
+	"3:AaCc:Dd:E:e:f:FghH:i:I:j:K:k:L:l:m:M:n:N:o:O:PpQqRr:s:ST:tuUv:VX:" \
+	"xzZ:"
+
+	/*
+	 * Process memory debugging argument first.
+	 */
+	while ((ch = isc_commandline_parse(argc, argv, CMDLINE_FLAGS)) != -1) {
+		switch (ch) {
+		case 'm':
+			if (strcasecmp(isc_commandline_argument, "record") == 0)
+			{
+				isc_mem_debugging |= ISC_MEM_DEBUGRECORD;
+			}
+			if (strcasecmp(isc_commandline_argument, "trace") == 0)
+			{
+				isc_mem_debugging |= ISC_MEM_DEBUGTRACE;
+			}
+			if (strcasecmp(isc_commandline_argument, "usage") == 0)
+			{
+				isc_mem_debugging |= ISC_MEM_DEBUGUSAGE;
+			}
+			break;
+		default:
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	isc_commandline_reset = true;
+
+	masterstyle = &dns_master_style_explicitttl;
+
+	check_result(isc_app_start(), "isc_app_start");
+
+	isc_mem_create(&mctx);
+
+	isc_commandline_errprint = false;
+
+	while ((ch = isc_commandline_parse(argc, argv, CMDLINE_FLAGS)) != -1) {
+		switch (ch) {
+		case '3':
+			set_salt = true;
+			nsec_datatype = dns_rdatatype_nsec3;
+			if (strcmp(isc_commandline_argument, "-") != 0) {
+				isc_buffer_t target;
+				char *sarg;
+
+				sarg = isc_commandline_argument;
+				isc_buffer_init(&target, saltbuf,
+						sizeof(saltbuf));
+				result = isc_hex_decodestring(sarg, &target);
+				check_result(result, "isc_hex_decodestring("
+						     "salt)");
+				salt_length = isc_buffer_usedlength(&target);
+			}
+			break;
+
+		case 'A':
+			set_optout = true;
+			if (OPTOUT(nsec3flags)) {
+				nsec3flags &= ~DNS_NSEC3FLAG_OPTOUT;
+			} else {
+				nsec3flags |= DNS_NSEC3FLAG_OPTOUT;
+			}
+			break;
+
+		case 'a':
+			tryverify = true;
+			break;
+
+		case 'C':
+			make_keyset = true;
+			break;
+
+		case 'c':
+			classname = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+
+		case 'd':
+			dsdir = isc_commandline_argument;
+			if (strlen(dsdir) == 0U) {
+				fatal("DS directory must be non-empty string");
+			}
+			result = try_dir(dsdir);
+			if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+				fatal("cannot open directory %s: %s", dsdir,
+				      isc_result_totext(result));
+			}
+			break;
+
+		case 'D':
+			output_dnssec_only = true;
+			break;
+
+		case 'E':
+			engine = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+
+		case 'e':
+			endstr = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+
+		case 'f':
+			output = isc_commandline_argument;
+			if (strcmp(output, "-") == 0) {
+				output_stdout = true;
+			}
+			break;
+
+		case 'g':
+			generateds = true;
+			break;
+
+		case 'H':
+			set_iter = true;
+			/* too-many is NOT DOCUMENTED */
+			if (strcmp(isc_commandline_argument, "too-many") == 0) {
+				nsec3iter = 151;
+				no_max_check = true;
+				break;
+			}
+			nsec3iter = strtoul(isc_commandline_argument, &endp, 0);
+			if (*endp != '\0') {
+				fatal("iterations must be numeric");
+			}
+			if (nsec3iter > 0xffffU) {
+				fatal("iterations too big");
+			}
+			break;
+
+		case 'I':
+			inputformatstr = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+
+		case 'i':
+			endp = NULL;
+			cycle = strtol(isc_commandline_argument, &endp, 0);
+			if (*endp != '\0' || cycle < 0) {
+				fatal("cycle period must be numeric and "
+				      "positive");
+			}
+			break;
+
+		case 'j':
+			endp = NULL;
+			jitter = strtol(isc_commandline_argument, &endp, 0);
+			if (*endp != '\0' || jitter < 0) {
+				fatal("jitter must be numeric and positive");
+			}
+			break;
+
+		case 'K':
+			directory = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+
+		case 'k':
+			if (ndskeys == MAXDSKEYS) {
+				fatal("too many key-signing keys specified");
+			}
+			dskeyfile[ndskeys++] = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+
+		case 'L':
+			snset = true;
+			endp = NULL;
+			serialnum = strtol(isc_commandline_argument, &endp, 0);
+			if (*endp != '\0') {
+				fprintf(stderr, "source serial number "
+						"must be numeric");
+				exit(1);
+			}
+			break;
+
+		case 'l':
+			fatal("-l option (DLV lookaside) is obsolete");
+			break;
+
+		case 'M':
+			endp = NULL;
+			set_maxttl = true;
+			maxttl = strtol(isc_commandline_argument, &endp, 0);
+			if (*endp != '\0') {
+				fprintf(stderr, "maximum TTL "
+						"must be numeric");
+				exit(1);
+			}
+			break;
+
+		case 'm':
+			break;
+
+		case 'N':
+			serialformatstr = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+
+		case 'n':
+			endp = NULL;
+			ntasks = strtol(isc_commandline_argument, &endp, 0);
+			if (*endp != '\0' || ntasks > INT32_MAX) {
+				fatal("number of cpus must be numeric");
+			}
+			break;
+
+		case 'O':
+			outputformatstr = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+
+		case 'o':
+			origin = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+
+		case 'P':
+			disable_zone_check = true;
+			break;
+
+		case 'p':
+			fatal("The -p option has been deprecated.\n");
+			break;
+
+		case 'Q':
+			remove_inactkeysigs = true;
+			break;
+
+		case 'R':
+			remove_orphansigs = true;
+			break;
+
+		case 'r':
+			fatal("The -r options has been deprecated.\n");
+			break;
+
+		case 'S':
+			smartsign = true;
+			break;
+
+		case 's':
+			startstr = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+
+		case 'T':
+			endp = NULL;
+			set_keyttl = true;
+			keyttl = strtottl(isc_commandline_argument);
+			break;
+
+		case 't':
+			printstats = true;
+			break;
+
+		case 'U': /* Undocumented for testing only. */
+			unknownalg = true;
+			break;
+
+		case 'u':
+			update_chain = true;
+			break;
+
+		case 'v':
+			endp = NULL;
+			verbose = strtol(isc_commandline_argument, &endp, 0);
+			if (*endp != '\0') {
+				fatal("verbose level must be numeric");
+			}
+			break;
+
+		case 'q':
+			quiet = true;
+			break;
+
+		case 'X':
+			dnskey_endstr = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+
+		case 'x':
+			keyset_kskonly = true;
+			break;
+
+		case 'z':
+			ignore_kskflag = true;
+			break;
+
+		case 'F':
+			/* Reserved for FIPS mode */
+			FALLTHROUGH;
+		case '?':
+			if (isc_commandline_option != '?') {
+				fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid argument -%c\n",
+					program, isc_commandline_option);
+			}
+			FALLTHROUGH;
+		case 'h':
+			/* Does not return. */
+			usage();
+
+		case 'V':
+			/* Does not return. */
+			version(program);
+
+		case 'Z': /* Undocumented test options */
+			if (!strcmp(isc_commandline_argument, "nonsecify")) {
+				nonsecify = true;
+			}
+			break;
+
+		default:
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s: unhandled option -%c\n", program,
+				isc_commandline_option);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	result = dst_lib_init(mctx, engine);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("could not initialize dst: %s",
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+
+	isc_stdtime_get(&now);
+
+	if (startstr != NULL) {
+		starttime = strtotime(startstr, now, now, NULL);
+	} else {
+		starttime = now - 3600; /* Allow for some clock skew. */
+	}
+
+	if (endstr != NULL) {
+		endtime = strtotime(endstr, now, starttime, NULL);
+	} else {
+		endtime = starttime + (30 * 24 * 60 * 60);
+	}
+
+	if (dnskey_endstr != NULL) {
+		dnskey_endtime = strtotime(dnskey_endstr, now, starttime, NULL);
+		if (endstr != NULL && dnskey_endtime == endtime) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: -e and -X were both set, "
+					"but have identical values.\n");
+		}
+	} else {
+		dnskey_endtime = endtime;
+	}
+
+	if (cycle == -1) {
+		cycle = (endtime - starttime) / 4;
+	}
+
+	if (ntasks == 0) {
+		ntasks = isc_os_ncpus() * 2;
+	}
+	vbprintf(4, "using %d cpus\n", ntasks);
+
+	rdclass = strtoclass(classname);
+
+	if (directory == NULL) {
+		directory = ".";
+	}
+
+	setup_logging(mctx, &log);
+
+	argc -= isc_commandline_index;
+	argv += isc_commandline_index;
+
+	if (argc < 1) {
+		usage();
+	}
+
+	file = argv[0];
+
+	argc -= 1;
+	argv += 1;
+
+	if (origin == NULL) {
+		origin = file;
+	}
+
+	if (output == NULL) {
+		size_t size;
+		free_output = true;
+		size = strlen(file) + strlen(".signed") + 1;
+		output = isc_mem_allocate(mctx, size);
+		snprintf(output, size, "%s.signed", file);
+	}
+
+	if (inputformatstr != NULL) {
+		if (strcasecmp(inputformatstr, "text") == 0) {
+			inputformat = dns_masterformat_text;
+		} else if (strcasecmp(inputformatstr, "raw") == 0) {
+			inputformat = dns_masterformat_raw;
+		} else if (strncasecmp(inputformatstr, "raw=", 4) == 0) {
+			inputformat = dns_masterformat_raw;
+			fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: input format version "
+					"ignored\n");
+		} else {
+			fatal("unknown file format: %s", inputformatstr);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (outputformatstr != NULL) {
+		if (strcasecmp(outputformatstr, "text") == 0) {
+			outputformat = dns_masterformat_text;
+		} else if (strcasecmp(outputformatstr, "full") == 0) {
+			outputformat = dns_masterformat_text;
+			masterstyle = &dns_master_style_full;
+		} else if (strcasecmp(outputformatstr, "raw") == 0) {
+			outputformat = dns_masterformat_raw;
+		} else if (strncasecmp(outputformatstr, "raw=", 4) == 0) {
+			char *end;
+
+			outputformat = dns_masterformat_raw;
+			rawversion = strtol(outputformatstr + 4, &end, 10);
+			if (end == outputformatstr + 4 || *end != '\0' ||
+			    rawversion > 1U)
+			{
+				fprintf(stderr, "unknown raw format version\n");
+				exit(1);
+			}
+		} else {
+			fatal("unknown file format: %s", outputformatstr);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (serialformatstr != NULL) {
+		if (strcasecmp(serialformatstr, "keep") == 0) {
+			serialformat = SOA_SERIAL_KEEP;
+		} else if (strcasecmp(serialformatstr, "increment") == 0 ||
+			   strcasecmp(serialformatstr, "incr") == 0)
+		{
+			serialformat = SOA_SERIAL_INCREMENT;
+		} else if (strcasecmp(serialformatstr, "unixtime") == 0) {
+			serialformat = SOA_SERIAL_UNIXTIME;
+		} else if (strcasecmp(serialformatstr, "date") == 0) {
+			serialformat = SOA_SERIAL_DATE;
+		} else {
+			fatal("unknown soa serial format: %s", serialformatstr);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (output_dnssec_only && outputformat != dns_masterformat_text) {
+		fatal("option -D can only be used with \"-O text\"");
+	}
+
+	if (output_dnssec_only && serialformat != SOA_SERIAL_KEEP) {
+		fatal("option -D can only be used with \"-N keep\"");
+	}
+
+	if (output_dnssec_only && set_maxttl) {
+		fatal("option -D cannot be used with -M");
+	}
+
+	result = dns_master_stylecreate(&dsstyle, DNS_STYLEFLAG_NO_TTL, 0, 24,
+					0, 0, 0, 8, 0xffffffff, mctx);
+	check_result(result, "dns_master_stylecreate");
+
+	gdb = NULL;
+	TIME_NOW(&timer_start);
+	loadzone(file, origin, rdclass, &gdb);
+	gorigin = dns_db_origin(gdb);
+	gclass = dns_db_class(gdb);
+	get_soa_ttls();
+
+	if (set_maxttl && set_keyttl && keyttl > maxttl) {
+		fprintf(stderr,
+			"%s: warning: Specified key TTL %u "
+			"exceeds maximum zone TTL; reducing to %u\n",
+			program, keyttl, maxttl);
+		keyttl = maxttl;
+	}
+
+	if (!set_keyttl) {
+		keyttl = soa_ttl;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Check for any existing NSEC3 parameters in the zone,
+	 * and use them as defaults if -u was not specified.
+	 */
+	if (update_chain && !set_optout && !set_iter && !set_salt) {
+		nsec_datatype = dns_rdatatype_nsec;
+	} else {
+		set_nsec3params(update_chain, set_salt, set_optout, set_iter);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We need to do this early on, as we start messing with the list
+	 * of keys rather early.
+	 */
+	ISC_LIST_INIT(keylist);
+	isc_rwlock_init(&keylist_lock, 0, 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * Fill keylist with:
+	 * 1) Keys listed in the DNSKEY set that have
+	 *    private keys associated, *if* no keys were
+	 *    set on the command line.
+	 * 2) ZSKs set on the command line
+	 * 3) KSKs set on the command line
+	 * 4) Any keys remaining in the DNSKEY set which
+	 *    do not have private keys associated and were
+	 *    not specified on the command line.
+	 */
+	if (argc == 0 || smartsign) {
+		loadzonekeys(!smartsign, false);
+	}
+	loadexplicitkeys(argv, argc, false);
+	loadexplicitkeys(dskeyfile, ndskeys, true);
+	loadzonekeys(!smartsign, true);
+
+	/*
+	 * If we're doing smart signing, look in the key repository for
+	 * key files with metadata, and merge them with the keylist
+	 * we have now.
+	 */
+	if (smartsign) {
+		build_final_keylist();
+	}
+
+	/* Now enumerate the key list */
+	for (key = ISC_LIST_HEAD(keylist); key != NULL;
+	     key = ISC_LIST_NEXT(key, link))
+	{
+		key->index = keycount++;
+	}
+
+	if (keycount == 0) {
+		if (disable_zone_check) {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"%s: warning: No keys specified "
+				"or found\n",
+				program);
+		} else {
+			fatal("No signing keys specified or found.");
+		}
+		nokeys = true;
+	}
+
+	warnifallksk(gdb);
+
+	if (IS_NSEC3) {
+		bool answer;
+
+		hash_length = dns_nsec3_hashlength(dns_hash_sha1);
+		hashlist_init(&hashlist,
+			      dns_db_nodecount(gdb, dns_dbtree_main) * 2,
+			      hash_length);
+		result = dns_nsec_nseconly(gdb, gversion, NULL, &answer);
+		if (result == ISC_R_NOTFOUND) {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"%s: warning: NSEC3 generation "
+				"requested with no DNSKEY; ignoring\n",
+				program);
+		} else if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			check_result(result, "dns_nsec_nseconly");
+		} else if (answer) {
+			fatal("NSEC3 generation requested with "
+			      "NSEC-only DNSKEY");
+		}
+
+		if (nsec3iter > dns_nsec3_maxiterations()) {
+			if (no_max_check) {
+				fprintf(stderr,
+					"Ignoring max iterations check.\n");
+			} else {
+				fatal("NSEC3 iterations too big. Maximum "
+				      "iterations allowed %u.",
+				      dns_nsec3_maxiterations());
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		hashlist_init(&hashlist, 0, 0); /* silence clang */
+	}
+
+	gversion = NULL;
+	result = dns_db_newversion(gdb, &gversion);
+	check_result(result, "dns_db_newversion()");
+
+	switch (serialformat) {
+	case SOA_SERIAL_INCREMENT:
+		setsoaserial(0, dns_updatemethod_increment);
+		break;
+	case SOA_SERIAL_UNIXTIME:
+		setsoaserial(now, dns_updatemethod_unixtime);
+		break;
+	case SOA_SERIAL_DATE:
+		setsoaserial(now, dns_updatemethod_date);
+		break;
+	case SOA_SERIAL_KEEP:
+	default:
+		/* do nothing */
+		break;
+	}
+
+	/* Remove duplicates and cap TTLs at maxttl */
+	cleanup_zone();
+
+	if (!nonsecify) {
+		if (IS_NSEC3) {
+			nsec3ify(dns_hash_sha1, nsec3iter, gsalt, salt_length,
+				 &hashlist);
+		} else {
+			nsecify();
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!nokeys) {
+		writeset("dsset-", dns_rdatatype_ds);
+		if (make_keyset) {
+			writeset("keyset-", dns_rdatatype_dnskey);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (output_stdout) {
+		outfp = stdout;
+		if (outputformatstr == NULL) {
+			masterstyle = &dns_master_style_full;
+		}
+	} else {
+		tempfilelen = strlen(output) + 20;
+		tempfile = isc_mem_get(mctx, tempfilelen);
+
+		result = isc_file_mktemplate(output, tempfile, tempfilelen);
+		check_result(result, "isc_file_mktemplate");
+
+		if (outputformat == dns_masterformat_text) {
+			result = isc_file_openunique(tempfile, &outfp);
+		} else {
+			result = isc_file_bopenunique(tempfile, &outfp);
+		}
+		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fatal("failed to open temporary output file: %s",
+			      isc_result_totext(result));
+		}
+		removefile = true;
+		setfatalcallback(&removetempfile);
+	}
+
+	print_time(outfp);
+	print_version(outfp);
+
+	isc_managers_create(mctx, ntasks, 0, &netmgr, &taskmgr, NULL);
+
+	main_task = NULL;
+	result = isc_task_create(taskmgr, 0, &main_task);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("failed to create task: %s", isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+
+	tasks = isc_mem_get(mctx, ntasks * sizeof(isc_task_t *));
+	for (i = 0; i < (int)ntasks; i++) {
+		tasks[i] = NULL;
+		result = isc_task_create(taskmgr, 0, &tasks[i]);
+		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fatal("failed to create task: %s",
+			      isc_result_totext(result));
+		}
+	}
+
+	isc_mutex_init(&namelock);
+
+	if (printstats) {
+		isc_mutex_init(&statslock);
+	}
+
+	presign();
+	TIME_NOW(&sign_start);
+	signapex();
+	if (!atomic_load(&finished)) {
+		/*
+		 * There is more work to do.  Spread it out over multiple
+		 * processors if possible.
+		 */
+		for (i = 0; i < (int)ntasks; i++) {
+			result = isc_app_onrun(mctx, main_task, startworker,
+					       tasks[i]);
+			if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+				fatal("failed to start task: %s",
+				      isc_result_totext(result));
+			}
+		}
+		(void)isc_app_run();
+		if (!atomic_load(&finished)) {
+			fatal("process aborted by user");
+		}
+	} else {
+		isc_task_detach(&main_task);
+	}
+	atomic_store(&shuttingdown, true);
+	for (i = 0; i < (int)ntasks; i++) {
+		isc_task_detach(&tasks[i]);
+	}
+	isc_managers_destroy(&netmgr, &taskmgr, NULL);
+	isc_mem_put(mctx, tasks, ntasks * sizeof(isc_task_t *));
+	postsign();
+	TIME_NOW(&sign_finish);
+
+	if (disable_zone_check) {
+		vresult = ISC_R_SUCCESS;
+	} else {
+		vresult = dns_zoneverify_dnssec(NULL, gdb, gversion, gorigin,
+						NULL, mctx, ignore_kskflag,
+						keyset_kskonly, report);
+		if (vresult != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fprintf(output_stdout ? stderr : stdout,
+				"Zone verification failed (%s)\n",
+				isc_result_totext(vresult));
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (outputformat != dns_masterformat_text) {
+		dns_masterrawheader_t header;
+		dns_master_initrawheader(&header);
+		if (rawversion == 0U) {
+			header.flags = DNS_MASTERRAW_COMPAT;
+		} else if (snset) {
+			header.flags = DNS_MASTERRAW_SOURCESERIALSET;
+			header.sourceserial = serialnum;
+		}
+		result = dns_master_dumptostream(mctx, gdb, gversion,
+						 masterstyle, outputformat,
+						 &header, outfp);
+		check_result(result, "dns_master_dumptostream3");
+	}
+
+	isc_mutex_destroy(&namelock);
+	if (printstats) {
+		isc_mutex_destroy(&statslock);
+	}
+
+	if (!output_stdout) {
+		result = isc_stdio_close(outfp);
+		check_result(result, "isc_stdio_close");
+		removefile = false;
+
+		if (vresult == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			result = isc_file_rename(tempfile, output);
+			if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+				fatal("failed to rename temp file to %s: %s",
+				      output, isc_result_totext(result));
+			}
+			printf("%s\n", output);
+		} else {
+			isc_file_remove(tempfile);
+		}
+	}
+
+	dns_db_closeversion(gdb, &gversion, false);
+	dns_db_detach(&gdb);
+
+	hashlist_free(&hashlist);
+
+	while (!ISC_LIST_EMPTY(keylist)) {
+		key = ISC_LIST_HEAD(keylist);
+		ISC_LIST_UNLINK(keylist, key, link);
+		dns_dnsseckey_destroy(mctx, &key);
+	}
+
+	if (tempfilelen != 0) {
+		isc_mem_put(mctx, tempfile, tempfilelen);
+	}
+
+	if (free_output) {
+		isc_mem_free(mctx, output);
+	}
+
+	dns_master_styledestroy(&dsstyle, mctx);
+
+	cleanup_logging(&log);
+	dst_lib_destroy();
+	if (verbose > 10) {
+		isc_mem_stats(mctx, stdout);
+	}
+	isc_mem_destroy(&mctx);
+
+	(void)isc_app_finish();
+
+	if (printstats) {
+		TIME_NOW(&timer_finish);
+		print_stats(&timer_start, &timer_finish, &sign_start,
+			    &sign_finish);
+	}
+
+	return (vresult == ISC_R_SUCCESS ? 0 : 1);
+}
diff --git a/bin/dnssec/dnssec-signzone.rst b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-signzone.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..668d7f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-signzone.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,436 @@
+.. Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+..
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+..
+.. This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+.. License, v. 2.0.  If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+.. file, you can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+..
+.. See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+.. information regarding copyright ownership.
+
+.. highlight: console
+
+.. iscman:: dnssec-signzone
+.. program:: dnssec-signzone
+.. _man_dnssec-signzone:
+
+dnssec-signzone - DNSSEC zone signing tool
+------------------------------------------
+
+Synopsis
+~~~~~~~~
+
+:program:`dnssec-signzone` [**-a**] [**-c** class] [**-d** directory] [**-D**] [**-E** engine] [**-e** end-time] [**-f** output-file] [**-g**] [**-h**] [**-i** interval] [**-I** input-format] [**-j** jitter] [**-K** directory] [**-k** key] [**-L** serial] [**-M** maxttl] [**-N** soa-serial-format] [**-o** origin] [**-O** output-format] [**-P**] [**-Q**] [**-q**] [**-R**] [**-S**] [**-s** start-time] [**-T** ttl] [**-t**] [**-u**] [**-v** level] [**-V**] [**-X** extended end-time] [**-x**] [**-z**] [**-3** salt] [**-H** iterations] [**-A**] {zonefile} [key...]
+
+Description
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+:program:`dnssec-signzone` signs a zone; it generates NSEC and RRSIG records
+and produces a signed version of the zone. The security status of
+delegations from the signed zone (that is, whether the child zones are
+secure) is determined by the presence or absence of a ``keyset``
+file for each child zone.
+
+Options
+~~~~~~~
+
+.. option:: -a
+
+   This option verifies all generated signatures.
+
+.. option:: -c class
+
+   This option specifies the DNS class of the zone.
+
+.. option:: -C
+
+   This option sets compatibility mode, in which a ``keyset-zonename`` file is generated in addition
+   to ``dsset-zonename`` when signing a zone, for use by older versions
+   of :program:`dnssec-signzone`.
+
+.. option:: -d directory
+
+   This option indicates the directory where BIND 9 should look for ``dsset-`` or ``keyset-`` files.
+
+.. option:: -D
+
+   This option indicates that only those record types automatically managed by
+   :program:`dnssec-signzone`, i.e., RRSIG, NSEC, NSEC3 and NSEC3PARAM records, should be included in the output.
+   If smart signing (:option:`-S`) is used, DNSKEY records are also included.
+   The resulting file can be included in the original zone file with
+   ``$INCLUDE``. This option cannot be combined with :option:`-O raw <-O>`
+   or serial-number updating.
+
+.. option:: -E engine
+
+   This option specifies the hardware to use for cryptographic
+   operations, such as a secure key store used for signing, when applicable.
+
+   When BIND 9 is built with OpenSSL, this needs to be set to the OpenSSL
+   engine identifier that drives the cryptographic accelerator or
+   hardware service module (usually ``pkcs11``).
+
+.. option:: -g
+
+   This option indicates that DS records for child zones should be generated from a ``dsset-`` or ``keyset-``
+   file. Existing DS records are removed.
+
+.. option:: -K directory
+
+   This option specifies the directory to search for DNSSEC keys. If not
+   specified, it defaults to the current directory.
+
+.. option:: -k key
+
+   This option tells BIND 9 to treat the specified key as a key-signing key, ignoring any key flags. This
+   option may be specified multiple times.
+
+.. option:: -M maxttl
+
+   This option sets the maximum TTL for the signed zone. Any TTL higher than ``maxttl``
+   in the input zone is reduced to ``maxttl`` in the output. This
+   provides certainty as to the largest possible TTL in the signed zone,
+   which is useful to know when rolling keys. The maxttl is the longest
+   possible time before signatures that have been retrieved by resolvers
+   expire from resolver caches. Zones that are signed with this
+   option should be configured to use a matching ``max-zone-ttl`` in
+   :iscman:`named.conf`. (Note: This option is incompatible with :option:`-D`,
+   because it modifies non-DNSSEC data in the output zone.)
+
+.. option:: -s start-time
+
+   This option specifies the date and time when the generated RRSIG records become
+   valid. This can be either an absolute or relative time. An absolute
+   start time is indicated by a number in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation;
+   20000530144500 denotes 14:45:00 UTC on May 30th, 2000. A relative
+   start time is indicated by ``+N``, which is N seconds from the current
+   time. If no ``start-time`` is specified, the current time minus 1
+   hour (to allow for clock skew) is used.
+
+.. option:: -e end-time
+
+   This option specifies the date and time when the generated RRSIG records expire. As
+   with ``start-time``, an absolute time is indicated in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
+   notation. A time relative to the start time is indicated with ``+N``,
+   which is N seconds from the start time. A time relative to the
+   current time is indicated with ``now+N``. If no ``end-time`` is
+   specified, 30 days from the start time is the default.
+   ``end-time`` must be later than ``start-time``.
+
+.. option:: -X extended end-time
+
+   This option specifies the date and time when the generated RRSIG records for the
+   DNSKEY RRset expire. This is to be used in cases when the DNSKEY
+   signatures need to persist longer than signatures on other records;
+   e.g., when the private component of the KSK is kept offline and the
+   KSK signature is to be refreshed manually.
+
+   As with ``end-time``, an absolute time is indicated in
+   YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation. A time relative to the start time is
+   indicated with ``+N``, which is N seconds from the start time. A time
+   relative to the current time is indicated with ``now+N``. If no
+   ``extended end-time`` is specified, the value of ``end-time`` is used
+   as the default. (``end-time``, in turn, defaults to 30 days from the
+   start time.) ``extended end-time`` must be later than ``start-time``.
+
+.. option:: -f output-file
+
+   This option indicates the name of the output file containing the signed zone. The default
+   is to append ``.signed`` to the input filename. If ``output-file`` is
+   set to ``-``, then the signed zone is written to the standard
+   output, with a default output format of ``full``.
+
+.. option:: -h
+
+   This option prints a short summary of the options and arguments to
+   :program:`dnssec-signzone`.
+
+.. option:: -V
+
+   This option prints version information.
+
+.. option:: -i interval
+
+   This option indicates that, when a previously signed zone is passed as input, records may be
+   re-signed. The ``interval`` option specifies the cycle interval as an
+   offset from the current time, in seconds. If a RRSIG record expires
+   after the cycle interval, it is retained; otherwise, it is considered
+   to be expiring soon and it is replaced.
+
+   The default cycle interval is one quarter of the difference between
+   the signature end and start times. So if neither ``end-time`` nor
+   ``start-time`` is specified, :program:`dnssec-signzone` generates
+   signatures that are valid for 30 days, with a cycle interval of 7.5
+   days. Therefore, if any existing RRSIG records are due to expire in
+   less than 7.5 days, they are replaced.
+
+.. option:: -I input-format
+
+   This option sets the format of the input zone file. Possible formats are
+   ``text`` (the default), and ``raw``. This option is primarily
+   intended to be used for dynamic signed zones, so that the dumped zone
+   file in a non-text format containing updates can be signed directly.
+   This option is not useful for non-dynamic zones.
+
+.. option:: -j jitter
+
+   When signing a zone with a fixed signature lifetime, all RRSIG
+   records issued at the time of signing expire simultaneously. If the
+   zone is incrementally signed, i.e., a previously signed zone is passed
+   as input to the signer, all expired signatures must be regenerated
+   at approximately the same time. The ``jitter`` option specifies a jitter
+   window that is used to randomize the signature expire time, thus
+   spreading incremental signature regeneration over time.
+
+   Signature lifetime jitter also, to some extent, benefits validators and
+   servers by spreading out cache expiration, i.e., if large numbers of
+   RRSIGs do not expire at the same time from all caches, there is
+   less congestion than if all validators need to refetch at around the
+   same time.
+
+.. option:: -L serial
+
+   When writing a signed zone to "raw" format, this option sets the "source
+   serial" value in the header to the specified ``serial`` number. (This is
+   expected to be used primarily for testing purposes.)
+
+.. option:: -n ncpus
+
+   This option specifies the number of threads to use. By default, one thread is
+   started for each detected CPU.
+
+.. option:: -N soa-serial-format
+
+   This option sets the SOA serial number format of the signed zone. Possible formats are
+   ``keep`` (the default), ``increment``, ``unixtime``, and
+   ``date``.
+
+   **keep**
+      This format indicates that the SOA serial number should not be modified.
+
+   **increment**
+      This format increments the SOA serial number using :rfc:`1982` arithmetic.
+
+   **unixtime**
+      This format sets the SOA serial number to the number of seconds
+      since the beginning of the Unix epoch, unless the serial
+      number is already greater than or equal to that value, in
+      which case it is simply incremented by one.
+
+   **date**
+      This format sets the SOA serial number to today's date, in
+      YYYYMMDDNN format, unless the serial number is already greater
+      than or equal to that value, in which case it is simply
+      incremented by one.
+
+.. option:: -o origin
+
+   This option sets the zone origin. If not specified, the name of the zone file is
+   assumed to be the origin.
+
+.. option:: -O output-format
+
+   This option sets the format of the output file containing the signed
+   zone. Possible formats are ``text`` (the default), which is the standard
+   textual representation of the zone; ``full``, which is text output in a
+   format suitable for processing by external scripts; and ``raw`` and
+   ``raw=N``, which store the zone in binary formats for rapid loading by
+   :iscman:`named`. ``raw=N`` specifies the format version of the raw zone file:
+   if N is 0, the raw file can be read by any version of :iscman:`named`; if N is
+   1, the file can be read by release 9.9.0 or higher. The default is 1.
+
+.. option:: -P
+
+   This option disables post-sign verification tests.
+
+   The post-sign verification tests ensure that for each algorithm in
+   use there is at least one non-revoked self-signed KSK key, that all
+   revoked KSK keys are self-signed, and that all records in the zone
+   are signed by the algorithm. This option skips these tests.
+
+.. option:: -Q
+
+   This option removes signatures from keys that are no longer active.
+
+   Normally, when a previously signed zone is passed as input to the
+   signer, and a DNSKEY record has been removed and replaced with a new
+   one, signatures from the old key that are still within their validity
+   period are retained. This allows the zone to continue to validate
+   with cached copies of the old DNSKEY RRset. The :option:`-Q` option forces
+   :program:`dnssec-signzone` to remove signatures from keys that are no longer
+   active. This enables ZSK rollover using the procedure described in
+   :rfc:`4641#4.2.1.1` ("Pre-Publish Key Rollover").
+
+.. option:: -q
+
+   This option enables quiet mode, which suppresses unnecessary output. Without this option, when
+   :program:`dnssec-signzone` is run it prints three pieces of information to standard output: the number of
+   keys in use; the algorithms used to verify the zone was signed correctly and
+   other status information; and the filename containing the signed
+   zone. With the option that output is suppressed, leaving only the filename.
+
+.. option:: -R
+
+   This option removes signatures from keys that are no longer published.
+
+   This option is similar to :option:`-Q`, except it forces
+   :program:`dnssec-signzone` to remove signatures from keys that are no longer
+   published. This enables ZSK rollover using the procedure described in
+   :rfc:`4641#4.2.1.2` ("Double Signature Zone Signing Key
+   Rollover").
+
+.. option:: -S
+
+   This option enables smart signing, which instructs :program:`dnssec-signzone` to search the key
+   repository for keys that match the zone being signed, and to include
+   them in the zone if appropriate.
+
+   When a key is found, its timing metadata is examined to determine how
+   it should be used, according to the following rules. Each successive
+   rule takes priority over the prior ones:
+
+      If no timing metadata has been set for the key, the key is
+      published in the zone and used to sign the zone.
+
+      If the key's publication date is set and is in the past, the key
+      is published in the zone.
+
+      If the key's activation date is set and is in the past, the key is
+      published (regardless of publication date) and used to sign the
+      zone.
+
+      If the key's revocation date is set and is in the past, and the key
+      is published, then the key is revoked, and the revoked key is used
+      to sign the zone.
+
+      If either the key's unpublication or deletion date is set and
+      in the past, the key is NOT published or used to sign the zone,
+      regardless of any other metadata.
+
+      If the key's sync publication date is set and is in the past,
+      synchronization records (type CDS and/or CDNSKEY) are created.
+
+      If the key's sync deletion date is set and is in the past,
+      synchronization records (type CDS and/or CDNSKEY) are removed.
+
+.. option:: -T ttl
+
+   This option specifies a TTL to be used for new DNSKEY records imported into the
+   zone from the key repository. If not specified, the default is the
+   TTL value from the zone's SOA record. This option is ignored when
+   signing without :option:`-S`, since DNSKEY records are not imported from
+   the key repository in that case. It is also ignored if there are any
+   pre-existing DNSKEY records at the zone apex, in which case new
+   records' TTL values are set to match them, or if any of the
+   imported DNSKEY records had a default TTL value. In the event of a
+   conflict between TTL values in imported keys, the shortest one is
+   used.
+
+.. option:: -t
+
+   This option prints statistics at completion.
+
+.. option:: -u
+
+   This option updates the NSEC/NSEC3 chain when re-signing a previously signed zone.
+   With this option, a zone signed with NSEC can be switched to NSEC3,
+   or a zone signed with NSEC3 can be switched to NSEC or to NSEC3 with
+   different parameters. Without this option, :program:`dnssec-signzone`
+   retains the existing chain when re-signing.
+
+.. option:: -v level
+
+   This option sets the debugging level.
+
+.. option:: -x
+
+   This option indicates that BIND 9 should only sign the DNSKEY, CDNSKEY, and CDS RRsets with key-signing keys,
+   and should omit signatures from zone-signing keys. (This is similar to the
+   ``dnssec-dnskey-kskonly yes;`` zone option in :iscman:`named`.)
+
+.. option:: -z
+
+   This option indicates that BIND 9 should ignore the KSK flag on keys when determining what to sign. This causes
+   KSK-flagged keys to sign all records, not just the DNSKEY RRset.
+   (This is similar to the ``update-check-ksk no;`` zone option in
+   :iscman:`named`.)
+
+.. option:: -3 salt
+
+   This option generates an NSEC3 chain with the given hex-encoded salt. A dash
+   (-) can be used to indicate that no salt is to be used when
+   generating the NSEC3 chain.
+
+   .. note::
+      ``-3 -`` is the recommended configuration. Adding salt provides no practical benefits.
+
+.. option:: -H iterations
+
+   This option indicates that, when generating an NSEC3 chain, BIND 9 should use this many iterations. The default
+   is 0.
+
+   .. warning::
+      Values greater than 0 cause interoperability issues and also increase the risk of CPU-exhausting DoS attacks.
+
+.. option:: -A
+
+   This option indicates that, when generating an NSEC3 chain, BIND 9 should set the OPTOUT flag on all NSEC3
+   records and should not generate NSEC3 records for insecure delegations.
+
+   .. warning::
+      Do not use this option unless all its implications are fully understood. This option is intended only for extremely large zones (comparable to ``com.``) with sparse secure delegations.
+
+.. option:: -AA
+
+   This option turns the OPTOUT flag off for
+   all records. This is useful when using the :option:`-u` option to modify an
+   NSEC3 chain which previously had OPTOUT set.
+
+.. option:: zonefile
+
+   This option sets the file containing the zone to be signed.
+
+.. option:: key
+
+   This option specifies which keys should be used to sign the zone. If no keys are
+   specified, the zone is examined for DNSKEY records at the
+   zone apex. If these records are found and there are matching private keys in
+   the current directory, they are used for signing.
+
+Example
+~~~~~~~
+
+The following command signs the ``example.com`` zone with the
+ECDSAP256SHA256 key generated by :iscman:`dnssec-keygen`
+(Kexample.com.+013+17247). Because the :option:`-S` option is not being used,
+the zone's keys must be in the master file (``db.example.com``). This
+invocation looks for ``dsset`` files in the current directory, so that
+DS records can be imported from them (:option:`-g`).
+
+::
+
+   % dnssec-signzone -g -o example.com db.example.com \
+   Kexample.com.+013+17247
+   db.example.com.signed
+   %
+
+In the above example, :program:`dnssec-signzone` creates the file
+``db.example.com.signed``. This file should be referenced in a zone
+statement in the :iscman:`named.conf` file.
+
+This example re-signs a previously signed zone with default parameters.
+The private keys are assumed to be in the current directory.
+
+::
+
+   % cp db.example.com.signed db.example.com
+   % dnssec-signzone -o example.com db.example.com
+   db.example.com.signed
+   %
+
+See Also
+~~~~~~~~
+
+:iscman:`dnssec-keygen(8) <dnssec-keygen>`, BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual, :rfc:`4033`,
+:rfc:`4641`.
diff --git a/bin/dnssec/dnssec-verify.c b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-verify.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f2f2d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-verify.c
@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+ *
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, you can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ *
+ * See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+ * information regarding copyright ownership.
+ */
+
+/*! \file */
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+#include <isc/app.h>
+#include <isc/attributes.h>
+#include <isc/base32.h>
+#include <isc/commandline.h>
+#include <isc/event.h>
+#include <isc/file.h>
+#include <isc/hash.h>
+#include <isc/hex.h>
+#include <isc/mem.h>
+#include <isc/mutex.h>
+#include <isc/os.h>
+#include <isc/print.h>
+#include <isc/random.h>
+#include <isc/result.h>
+#include <isc/rwlock.h>
+#include <isc/serial.h>
+#include <isc/stdio.h>
+#include <isc/string.h>
+#include <isc/time.h>
+#include <isc/util.h>
+
+#include <dns/db.h>
+#include <dns/dbiterator.h>
+#include <dns/diff.h>
+#include <dns/dnssec.h>
+#include <dns/ds.h>
+#include <dns/fixedname.h>
+#include <dns/keyvalues.h>
+#include <dns/log.h>
+#include <dns/master.h>
+#include <dns/masterdump.h>
+#include <dns/nsec.h>
+#include <dns/nsec3.h>
+#include <dns/rdata.h>
+#include <dns/rdataclass.h>
+#include <dns/rdatalist.h>
+#include <dns/rdataset.h>
+#include <dns/rdatasetiter.h>
+#include <dns/rdatastruct.h>
+#include <dns/rdatatype.h>
+#include <dns/soa.h>
+#include <dns/time.h>
+#include <dns/zoneverify.h>
+
+#include <dst/dst.h>
+
+#include "dnssectool.h"
+
+const char *program = "dnssec-verify";
+
+static isc_stdtime_t now;
+static isc_mem_t *mctx = NULL;
+static dns_masterformat_t inputformat = dns_masterformat_text;
+static dns_db_t *gdb;		  /* The database */
+static dns_dbversion_t *gversion; /* The database version */
+static dns_rdataclass_t gclass;	  /* The class */
+static dns_name_t *gorigin;	  /* The database origin */
+static bool ignore_kskflag = false;
+static bool keyset_kskonly = false;
+
+static void
+report(const char *format, ...) {
+	if (!quiet) {
+		char buf[4096];
+		va_list args;
+
+		va_start(args, format);
+		vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), format, args);
+		va_end(args);
+		fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", buf);
+	}
+}
+
+/*%
+ * Load the zone file from disk
+ */
+static void
+loadzone(char *file, char *origin, dns_rdataclass_t rdclass, dns_db_t **db) {
+	isc_buffer_t b;
+	int len;
+	dns_fixedname_t fname;
+	dns_name_t *name;
+	isc_result_t result;
+
+	len = strlen(origin);
+	isc_buffer_init(&b, origin, len);
+	isc_buffer_add(&b, len);
+
+	name = dns_fixedname_initname(&fname);
+	result = dns_name_fromtext(name, &b, dns_rootname, 0, NULL);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("failed converting name '%s' to dns format: %s", origin,
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+
+	result = dns_db_create(mctx, "rbt", name, dns_dbtype_zone, rdclass, 0,
+			       NULL, db);
+	check_result(result, "dns_db_create()");
+
+	result = dns_db_load(*db, file, inputformat, 0);
+	switch (result) {
+	case DNS_R_SEENINCLUDE:
+	case ISC_R_SUCCESS:
+		break;
+	case DNS_R_NOTZONETOP:
+		/*
+		 * Comparing pointers (vs. using strcmp()) is intentional: we
+		 * want to check whether -o was supplied on the command line,
+		 * not whether origin and file contain the same string.
+		 */
+		if (origin == file) {
+			fatal("failed loading zone '%s' from file '%s': "
+			      "use -o to specify a different zone origin",
+			      origin, file);
+		}
+		FALLTHROUGH;
+	default:
+		fatal("failed loading zone from '%s': %s", file,
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+}
+
+noreturn static void
+usage(void);
+
+static void
+usage(void) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "Usage:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t%s [options] zonefile [keys]\n", program);
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "Version: %s\n", PACKAGE_VERSION);
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "Options: (default value in parenthesis) \n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-v debuglevel (0)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-q quiet\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-V:\tprint version information\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-o origin:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t\tzone origin (name of zonefile)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-I format:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t\tfile format of input zonefile (text)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-c class (IN)\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-E engine:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t\tname of an OpenSSL engine to use\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-x:\tDNSKEY record signed with KSKs only, "
+			"not ZSKs\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-z:\tAll records signed with KSKs\n");
+	exit(0);
+}
+
+int
+main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+	char *origin = NULL, *file = NULL;
+	char *inputformatstr = NULL;
+	isc_result_t result;
+	isc_log_t *log = NULL;
+	const char *engine = NULL;
+	char *classname = NULL;
+	dns_rdataclass_t rdclass;
+	char *endp;
+	int ch;
+
+#define CMDLINE_FLAGS "c:E:hm:o:I:qv:Vxz"
+
+	/*
+	 * Process memory debugging argument first.
+	 */
+	while ((ch = isc_commandline_parse(argc, argv, CMDLINE_FLAGS)) != -1) {
+		switch (ch) {
+		case 'm':
+			if (strcasecmp(isc_commandline_argument, "record") == 0)
+			{
+				isc_mem_debugging |= ISC_MEM_DEBUGRECORD;
+			}
+			if (strcasecmp(isc_commandline_argument, "trace") == 0)
+			{
+				isc_mem_debugging |= ISC_MEM_DEBUGTRACE;
+			}
+			if (strcasecmp(isc_commandline_argument, "usage") == 0)
+			{
+				isc_mem_debugging |= ISC_MEM_DEBUGUSAGE;
+			}
+			break;
+		default:
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	isc_commandline_reset = true;
+	check_result(isc_app_start(), "isc_app_start");
+
+	isc_mem_create(&mctx);
+
+	isc_commandline_errprint = false;
+
+	while ((ch = isc_commandline_parse(argc, argv, CMDLINE_FLAGS)) != -1) {
+		switch (ch) {
+		case 'c':
+			classname = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+
+		case 'E':
+			engine = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+
+		case 'I':
+			inputformatstr = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+
+		case 'm':
+			break;
+
+		case 'o':
+			origin = isc_commandline_argument;
+			break;
+
+		case 'v':
+			endp = NULL;
+			verbose = strtol(isc_commandline_argument, &endp, 0);
+			if (*endp != '\0') {
+				fatal("verbose level must be numeric");
+			}
+			break;
+
+		case 'q':
+			quiet = true;
+			break;
+
+		case 'x':
+			keyset_kskonly = true;
+			break;
+
+		case 'z':
+			ignore_kskflag = true;
+			break;
+
+		case '?':
+			if (isc_commandline_option != '?') {
+				fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid argument -%c\n",
+					program, isc_commandline_option);
+			}
+			FALLTHROUGH;
+
+		case 'h':
+			/* Does not return. */
+			usage();
+
+		case 'V':
+			/* Does not return. */
+			version(program);
+
+		default:
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s: unhandled option -%c\n", program,
+				isc_commandline_option);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	result = dst_lib_init(mctx, engine);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("could not initialize dst: %s",
+		      isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+
+	isc_stdtime_get(&now);
+
+	rdclass = strtoclass(classname);
+
+	setup_logging(mctx, &log);
+
+	argc -= isc_commandline_index;
+	argv += isc_commandline_index;
+
+	if (argc < 1) {
+		usage();
+	}
+
+	file = argv[0];
+
+	argc -= 1;
+	argv += 1;
+
+	POST(argc);
+	POST(argv);
+
+	if (origin == NULL) {
+		origin = file;
+	}
+
+	if (inputformatstr != NULL) {
+		if (strcasecmp(inputformatstr, "text") == 0) {
+			inputformat = dns_masterformat_text;
+		} else if (strcasecmp(inputformatstr, "raw") == 0) {
+			inputformat = dns_masterformat_raw;
+		} else {
+			fatal("unknown file format: %s\n", inputformatstr);
+		}
+	}
+
+	gdb = NULL;
+	report("Loading zone '%s' from file '%s'\n", origin, file);
+	loadzone(file, origin, rdclass, &gdb);
+	gorigin = dns_db_origin(gdb);
+	gclass = dns_db_class(gdb);
+
+	gversion = NULL;
+	result = dns_db_newversion(gdb, &gversion);
+	check_result(result, "dns_db_newversion()");
+
+	result = dns_zoneverify_dnssec(NULL, gdb, gversion, gorigin, NULL, mctx,
+				       ignore_kskflag, keyset_kskonly, report);
+
+	dns_db_closeversion(gdb, &gversion, false);
+	dns_db_detach(&gdb);
+
+	cleanup_logging(&log);
+	dst_lib_destroy();
+	if (verbose > 10) {
+		isc_mem_stats(mctx, stdout);
+	}
+	isc_mem_destroy(&mctx);
+
+	(void)isc_app_finish();
+
+	return (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS ? 0 : 1);
+}
diff --git a/bin/dnssec/dnssec-verify.rst b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-verify.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8700894
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-verify.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+.. Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+..
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+..
+.. This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+.. License, v. 2.0.  If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+.. file, you can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+..
+.. See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+.. information regarding copyright ownership.
+
+.. highlight: console
+
+.. iscman:: dnssec-verify
+.. program:: dnssec-verify
+.. _man_dnssec-verify:
+
+dnssec-verify - DNSSEC zone verification tool
+---------------------------------------------
+
+Synopsis
+~~~~~~~~
+
+:program:`dnssec-verify` [**-c** class] [**-E** engine] [**-I** input-format] [**-o** origin] [**-q**] [**-v** level] [**-V**] [**-x**] [**-z**] {zonefile}
+
+Description
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+:program:`dnssec-verify` verifies that a zone is fully signed for each
+algorithm found in the DNSKEY RRset for the zone, and that the
+NSEC/NSEC3 chains are complete.
+
+Options
+~~~~~~~
+
+.. option:: -c class
+
+   This option specifies the DNS class of the zone.
+
+.. option:: -E engine
+
+   This option specifies the cryptographic hardware to use, when applicable.
+
+   When BIND 9 is built with OpenSSL, this needs to be set to the OpenSSL
+   engine identifier that drives the cryptographic accelerator or
+   hardware service module (usually ``pkcs11``).
+
+.. option:: -I input-format
+
+   This option sets the format of the input zone file. Possible formats are ``text``
+   (the default) and ``raw``. This option is primarily intended to be used
+   for dynamic signed zones, so that the dumped zone file in a non-text
+   format containing updates can be verified independently.
+   This option is not useful for non-dynamic zones.
+
+.. option:: -o origin
+
+   This option indicates the zone origin. If not specified, the name of the zone file is
+   assumed to be the origin.
+
+.. option:: -v level
+
+   This option sets the debugging level.
+
+.. option:: -V
+
+   This option prints version information.
+
+.. option:: -q
+
+   This option sets quiet mode, which suppresses output.  Without this option, when :program:`dnssec-verify`
+   is run it prints to standard output the number of keys in use, the
+   algorithms used to verify the zone was signed correctly, and other status
+   information.  With this option, all non-error output is suppressed, and only the exit
+   code indicates success.
+
+.. option:: -x
+
+   This option verifies only that the DNSKEY RRset is signed with key-signing keys.
+   Without this flag, it is assumed that the DNSKEY RRset is signed
+   by all active keys. When this flag is set, it is not an error if
+   the DNSKEY RRset is not signed by zone-signing keys. This corresponds
+   to the :option:`-x option in dnssec-signzone <dnssec-signzone -x>`.
+
+.. option:: -z
+
+   This option indicates that the KSK flag on the keys should be ignored when determining whether the zone is
+   correctly signed. Without this flag, it is assumed that there is
+   a non-revoked, self-signed DNSKEY with the KSK flag set for each
+   algorithm, and that RRsets other than DNSKEY RRset are signed with
+   a different DNSKEY without the KSK flag set.
+
+   With this flag set, BIND 9 only requires that for each algorithm, there
+   be at least one non-revoked, self-signed DNSKEY, regardless of
+   the KSK flag state, and that other RRsets be signed by a
+   non-revoked key for the same algorithm that includes the self-signed
+   key; the same key may be used for both purposes. This corresponds to
+   the :option:`-z option in dnssec-signzone <dnssec-signzone -z>`.
+
+.. option:: zonefile
+
+   This option indicates the file containing the zone to be signed.
+
+See Also
+~~~~~~~~
+
+:iscman:`dnssec-signzone(8) <dnssec-signzone>`, BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual, :rfc:`4033`.
diff --git a/bin/dnssec/dnssectool.c b/bin/dnssec/dnssectool.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c07e091
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/dnssec/dnssectool.c
@@ -0,0 +1,585 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+ *
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, you can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ *
+ * See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+ * information regarding copyright ownership.
+ */
+
+/*! \file */
+
+/*%
+ * DNSSEC Support Routines.
+ */
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include <isc/base32.h>
+#include <isc/buffer.h>
+#include <isc/commandline.h>
+#include <isc/dir.h>
+#include <isc/file.h>
+#include <isc/heap.h>
+#include <isc/list.h>
+#include <isc/mem.h>
+#include <isc/print.h>
+#include <isc/result.h>
+#include <isc/string.h>
+#include <isc/time.h>
+#include <isc/tm.h>
+#include <isc/util.h>
+
+#include <dns/db.h>
+#include <dns/dbiterator.h>
+#include <dns/dnssec.h>
+#include <dns/fixedname.h>
+#include <dns/keyvalues.h>
+#include <dns/log.h>
+#include <dns/name.h>
+#include <dns/nsec.h>
+#include <dns/nsec3.h>
+#include <dns/rdataclass.h>
+#include <dns/rdataset.h>
+#include <dns/rdatasetiter.h>
+#include <dns/rdatastruct.h>
+#include <dns/rdatatype.h>
+#include <dns/secalg.h>
+#include <dns/time.h>
+
+#include "dnssectool.h"
+
+#define KEYSTATES_NVALUES 4
+static const char *keystates[KEYSTATES_NVALUES] = {
+	"hidden",
+	"rumoured",
+	"omnipresent",
+	"unretentive",
+};
+
+int verbose = 0;
+bool quiet = false;
+dns_dsdigest_t dtype[8];
+
+static fatalcallback_t *fatalcallback = NULL;
+
+void
+fatal(const char *format, ...) {
+	va_list args;
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s: fatal: ", program);
+	va_start(args, format);
+	vfprintf(stderr, format, args);
+	va_end(args);
+	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+	if (fatalcallback != NULL) {
+		(*fatalcallback)();
+	}
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+void
+setfatalcallback(fatalcallback_t *callback) {
+	fatalcallback = callback;
+}
+
+void
+check_result(isc_result_t result, const char *message) {
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("%s: %s", message, isc_result_totext(result));
+	}
+}
+
+void
+vbprintf(int level, const char *fmt, ...) {
+	va_list ap;
+	if (level > verbose) {
+		return;
+	}
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", program);
+	vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+}
+
+void
+version(const char *name) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s %s\n", name, PACKAGE_VERSION);
+	exit(0);
+}
+
+void
+sig_format(dns_rdata_rrsig_t *sig, char *cp, unsigned int size) {
+	char namestr[DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE];
+	char algstr[DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE];
+
+	dns_name_format(&sig->signer, namestr, sizeof(namestr));
+	dns_secalg_format(sig->algorithm, algstr, sizeof(algstr));
+	snprintf(cp, size, "%s/%s/%d", namestr, algstr, sig->keyid);
+}
+
+void
+setup_logging(isc_mem_t *mctx, isc_log_t **logp) {
+	isc_logdestination_t destination;
+	isc_logconfig_t *logconfig = NULL;
+	isc_log_t *log = NULL;
+	int level;
+
+	if (verbose < 0) {
+		verbose = 0;
+	}
+	switch (verbose) {
+	case 0:
+		/*
+		 * We want to see warnings about things like out-of-zone
+		 * data in the master file even when not verbose.
+		 */
+		level = ISC_LOG_WARNING;
+		break;
+	case 1:
+		level = ISC_LOG_INFO;
+		break;
+	default:
+		level = ISC_LOG_DEBUG(verbose - 2 + 1);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	isc_log_create(mctx, &log, &logconfig);
+	isc_log_setcontext(log);
+	dns_log_init(log);
+	dns_log_setcontext(log);
+	isc_log_settag(logconfig, program);
+
+	/*
+	 * Set up a channel similar to default_stderr except:
+	 *  - the logging level is passed in
+	 *  - the program name and logging level are printed
+	 *  - no time stamp is printed
+	 */
+	destination.file.stream = stderr;
+	destination.file.name = NULL;
+	destination.file.versions = ISC_LOG_ROLLNEVER;
+	destination.file.maximum_size = 0;
+	isc_log_createchannel(logconfig, "stderr", ISC_LOG_TOFILEDESC, level,
+			      &destination,
+			      ISC_LOG_PRINTTAG | ISC_LOG_PRINTLEVEL);
+
+	RUNTIME_CHECK(isc_log_usechannel(logconfig, "stderr", NULL, NULL) ==
+		      ISC_R_SUCCESS);
+
+	*logp = log;
+}
+
+void
+cleanup_logging(isc_log_t **logp) {
+	isc_log_t *log;
+
+	REQUIRE(logp != NULL);
+
+	log = *logp;
+	*logp = NULL;
+
+	if (log == NULL) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	isc_log_destroy(&log);
+	isc_log_setcontext(NULL);
+	dns_log_setcontext(NULL);
+}
+
+static isc_stdtime_t
+time_units(isc_stdtime_t offset, char *suffix, const char *str) {
+	switch (suffix[0]) {
+	case 'Y':
+	case 'y':
+		return (offset * (365 * 24 * 3600));
+	case 'M':
+	case 'm':
+		switch (suffix[1]) {
+		case 'O':
+		case 'o':
+			return (offset * (30 * 24 * 3600));
+		case 'I':
+		case 'i':
+			return (offset * 60);
+		case '\0':
+			fatal("'%s' ambiguous: use 'mi' for minutes "
+			      "or 'mo' for months",
+			      str);
+		default:
+			fatal("time value %s is invalid", str);
+		}
+		UNREACHABLE();
+		break;
+	case 'W':
+	case 'w':
+		return (offset * (7 * 24 * 3600));
+	case 'D':
+	case 'd':
+		return (offset * (24 * 3600));
+	case 'H':
+	case 'h':
+		return (offset * 3600);
+	case 'S':
+	case 's':
+	case '\0':
+		return (offset);
+	default:
+		fatal("time value %s is invalid", str);
+	}
+	UNREACHABLE();
+	return (0); /* silence compiler warning */
+}
+
+static bool
+isnone(const char *str) {
+	return ((strcasecmp(str, "none") == 0) ||
+		(strcasecmp(str, "never") == 0) ||
+		(strcasecmp(str, "unset") == 0));
+}
+
+dns_ttl_t
+strtottl(const char *str) {
+	const char *orig = str;
+	dns_ttl_t ttl;
+	char *endp;
+
+	if (isnone(str)) {
+		return ((dns_ttl_t)0);
+	}
+
+	ttl = strtol(str, &endp, 0);
+	if (ttl == 0 && endp == str) {
+		fatal("TTL must be numeric");
+	}
+	ttl = time_units(ttl, endp, orig);
+	return (ttl);
+}
+
+dst_key_state_t
+strtokeystate(const char *str) {
+	if (isnone(str)) {
+		return (DST_KEY_STATE_NA);
+	}
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < KEYSTATES_NVALUES; i++) {
+		if (keystates[i] != NULL && strcasecmp(str, keystates[i]) == 0)
+		{
+			return ((dst_key_state_t)i);
+		}
+	}
+	fatal("unknown key state %s", str);
+}
+
+isc_stdtime_t
+strtotime(const char *str, int64_t now, int64_t base, bool *setp) {
+	int64_t val, offset;
+	isc_result_t result;
+	const char *orig = str;
+	char *endp;
+	size_t n;
+	struct tm tm;
+
+	if (isnone(str)) {
+		if (setp != NULL) {
+			*setp = false;
+		}
+		return ((isc_stdtime_t)0);
+	}
+
+	if (setp != NULL) {
+		*setp = true;
+	}
+
+	if ((str[0] == '0' || str[0] == '-') && str[1] == '\0') {
+		return ((isc_stdtime_t)0);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We accept times in the following formats:
+	 *   now([+-]offset)
+	 *   YYYYMMDD([+-]offset)
+	 *   YYYYMMDDhhmmss([+-]offset)
+	 *   Day Mon DD HH:MM:SS YYYY([+-]offset)
+	 *   1234567890([+-]offset)
+	 *   [+-]offset
+	 */
+	n = strspn(str, "0123456789");
+	if ((n == 8u || n == 14u) &&
+	    (str[n] == '\0' || str[n] == '-' || str[n] == '+'))
+	{
+		char timestr[15];
+
+		strlcpy(timestr, str, sizeof(timestr));
+		timestr[n] = 0;
+		if (n == 8u) {
+			strlcat(timestr, "000000", sizeof(timestr));
+		}
+		result = dns_time64_fromtext(timestr, &val);
+		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			fatal("time value %s is invalid: %s", orig,
+			      isc_result_totext(result));
+		}
+		base = val;
+		str += n;
+	} else if (n == 10u &&
+		   (str[n] == '\0' || str[n] == '-' || str[n] == '+'))
+	{
+		base = strtoll(str, &endp, 0);
+		str += 10;
+	} else if (strncmp(str, "now", 3) == 0) {
+		base = now;
+		str += 3;
+	} else if (str[0] >= 'A' && str[0] <= 'Z') {
+		/* parse ctime() format as written by `dnssec-settime -p` */
+		endp = isc_tm_strptime(str, "%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y", &tm);
+		if (endp != str + 24) {
+			fatal("time value %s is invalid", orig);
+		}
+		base = mktime(&tm);
+		str += 24;
+	}
+
+	if (str[0] == '\0') {
+		return ((isc_stdtime_t)base);
+	} else if (str[0] == '+') {
+		offset = strtol(str + 1, &endp, 0);
+		offset = time_units((isc_stdtime_t)offset, endp, orig);
+		val = base + offset;
+	} else if (str[0] == '-') {
+		offset = strtol(str + 1, &endp, 0);
+		offset = time_units((isc_stdtime_t)offset, endp, orig);
+		val = base - offset;
+	} else {
+		fatal("time value %s is invalid", orig);
+	}
+
+	return ((isc_stdtime_t)val);
+}
+
+dns_rdataclass_t
+strtoclass(const char *str) {
+	isc_textregion_t r;
+	dns_rdataclass_t rdclass;
+	isc_result_t result;
+
+	if (str == NULL) {
+		return (dns_rdataclass_in);
+	}
+	DE_CONST(str, r.base);
+	r.length = strlen(str);
+	result = dns_rdataclass_fromtext(&rdclass, &r);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("unknown class %s", str);
+	}
+	return (rdclass);
+}
+
+unsigned int
+strtodsdigest(const char *str) {
+	isc_textregion_t r;
+	dns_dsdigest_t alg;
+	isc_result_t result;
+
+	DE_CONST(str, r.base);
+	r.length = strlen(str);
+	result = dns_dsdigest_fromtext(&alg, &r);
+	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		fatal("unknown DS algorithm %s", str);
+	}
+	return (alg);
+}
+
+static int
+cmp_dtype(const void *ap, const void *bp) {
+	int a = *(const uint8_t *)ap;
+	int b = *(const uint8_t *)bp;
+	return (a - b);
+}
+
+void
+add_dtype(unsigned int dt) {
+	unsigned i, n;
+
+	/* ensure there is space for a zero terminator */
+	n = sizeof(dtype) / sizeof(dtype[0]) - 1;
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		if (dtype[i] == dt) {
+			return;
+		}
+		if (dtype[i] == 0) {
+			dtype[i] = dt;
+			qsort(dtype, i + 1, 1, cmp_dtype);
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+	fatal("too many -a digest type arguments");
+}
+
+isc_result_t
+try_dir(const char *dirname) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	isc_dir_t d;
+
+	isc_dir_init(&d);
+	result = isc_dir_open(&d, dirname);
+	if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		isc_dir_close(&d);
+	}
+	return (result);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check private key version compatibility.
+ */
+void
+check_keyversion(dst_key_t *key, char *keystr) {
+	int major, minor;
+	dst_key_getprivateformat(key, &major, &minor);
+	INSIST(major <= DST_MAJOR_VERSION); /* invalid private key */
+
+	if (major < DST_MAJOR_VERSION || minor < DST_MINOR_VERSION) {
+		fatal("Key %s has incompatible format version %d.%d, "
+		      "use -f to force upgrade to new version.",
+		      keystr, major, minor);
+	}
+	if (minor > DST_MINOR_VERSION) {
+		fatal("Key %s has incompatible format version %d.%d, "
+		      "use -f to force downgrade to current version.",
+		      keystr, major, minor);
+	}
+}
+
+void
+set_keyversion(dst_key_t *key) {
+	int major, minor;
+	dst_key_getprivateformat(key, &major, &minor);
+	INSIST(major <= DST_MAJOR_VERSION);
+
+	if (major != DST_MAJOR_VERSION || minor != DST_MINOR_VERSION) {
+		dst_key_setprivateformat(key, DST_MAJOR_VERSION,
+					 DST_MINOR_VERSION);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If the key is from a version older than 1.3, set
+	 * set the creation date
+	 */
+	if (major < 1 || (major == 1 && minor <= 2)) {
+		isc_stdtime_t now;
+		isc_stdtime_get(&now);
+		dst_key_settime(key, DST_TIME_CREATED, now);
+	}
+}
+
+bool
+key_collision(dst_key_t *dstkey, dns_name_t *name, const char *dir,
+	      isc_mem_t *mctx, bool *exact) {
+	isc_result_t result;
+	bool conflict = false;
+	dns_dnsseckeylist_t matchkeys;
+	dns_dnsseckey_t *key = NULL;
+	uint16_t id, oldid;
+	uint32_t rid, roldid;
+	dns_secalg_t alg;
+	char filename[NAME_MAX];
+	isc_buffer_t fileb;
+	isc_stdtime_t now;
+
+	if (exact != NULL) {
+		*exact = false;
+	}
+
+	id = dst_key_id(dstkey);
+	rid = dst_key_rid(dstkey);
+	alg = dst_key_alg(dstkey);
+
+	/*
+	 * For Diffie Hellman just check if there is a direct collision as
+	 * they can't be revoked.  Additionally dns_dnssec_findmatchingkeys
+	 * only handles DNSKEY which is not used for HMAC.
+	 */
+	if (alg == DST_ALG_DH) {
+		isc_buffer_init(&fileb, filename, sizeof(filename));
+		result = dst_key_buildfilename(dstkey, DST_TYPE_PRIVATE, dir,
+					       &fileb);
+		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+			return (true);
+		}
+		return (isc_file_exists(filename));
+	}
+
+	ISC_LIST_INIT(matchkeys);
+	isc_stdtime_get(&now);
+	result = dns_dnssec_findmatchingkeys(name, dir, now, mctx, &matchkeys);
+	if (result == ISC_R_NOTFOUND) {
+		return (false);
+	}
+
+	while (!ISC_LIST_EMPTY(matchkeys) && !conflict) {
+		key = ISC_LIST_HEAD(matchkeys);
+		if (dst_key_alg(key->key) != alg) {
+			goto next;
+		}
+
+		oldid = dst_key_id(key->key);
+		roldid = dst_key_rid(key->key);
+
+		if (oldid == rid || roldid == id || id == oldid) {
+			conflict = true;
+			if (id != oldid) {
+				if (verbose > 1) {
+					fprintf(stderr,
+						"Key ID %d could "
+						"collide with %d\n",
+						id, oldid);
+				}
+			} else {
+				if (exact != NULL) {
+					*exact = true;
+				}
+				if (verbose > 1) {
+					fprintf(stderr, "Key ID %d exists\n",
+						id);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+	next:
+		ISC_LIST_UNLINK(matchkeys, key, link);
+		dns_dnsseckey_destroy(mctx, &key);
+	}
+
+	/* Finish freeing the list */
+	while (!ISC_LIST_EMPTY(matchkeys)) {
+		key = ISC_LIST_HEAD(matchkeys);
+		ISC_LIST_UNLINK(matchkeys, key, link);
+		dns_dnsseckey_destroy(mctx, &key);
+	}
+
+	return (conflict);
+}
+
+bool
+isoptarg(const char *arg, char **argv, void (*usage)(void)) {
+	if (!strcasecmp(isc_commandline_argument, arg)) {
+		if (argv[isc_commandline_index] == NULL) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s: missing argument -%c %s\n",
+				program, isc_commandline_option,
+				isc_commandline_argument);
+			usage();
+		}
+		isc_commandline_argument = argv[isc_commandline_index];
+		/* skip to next argument */
+		isc_commandline_index++;
+		return (true);
+	}
+	return (false);
+}
diff --git a/bin/dnssec/dnssectool.h b/bin/dnssec/dnssectool.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f38bc55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/dnssec/dnssectool.h
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+ *
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, you can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ *
+ * See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+ * information regarding copyright ownership.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include <isc/attributes.h>
+#include <isc/log.h>
+#include <isc/stdtime.h>
+
+#include <dns/rdatastruct.h>
+
+#include <dst/dst.h>
+
+/*! verbosity: set by -v and -q option in each program, defined in dnssectool.c
+ */
+extern int verbose;
+extern bool quiet;
+
+/*! program name, statically initialized in each program */
+extern const char *program;
+
+/*!
+ * List of DS digest types used by dnssec-cds and dnssec-dsfromkey,
+ * defined in dnssectool.c. Filled in by add_dtype() from -a
+ * arguments, sorted (so that DS records are in a canonical order) and
+ * terminated by a zero. The size of the array is an arbitrary limit
+ * which should be greater than the number of known digest types.
+ */
+extern uint8_t dtype[8];
+
+typedef void(fatalcallback_t)(void);
+
+noreturn void
+fatal(const char *format, ...) ISC_FORMAT_PRINTF(1, 2);
+
+void
+setfatalcallback(fatalcallback_t *callback);
+
+void
+check_result(isc_result_t result, const char *message);
+
+void
+vbprintf(int level, const char *fmt, ...) ISC_FORMAT_PRINTF(2, 3);
+
+noreturn void
+version(const char *program);
+
+void
+sig_format(dns_rdata_rrsig_t *sig, char *cp, unsigned int size);
+#define SIG_FORMATSIZE \
+	(DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE + DNS_SECALG_FORMATSIZE + sizeof("65535"))
+
+void
+setup_logging(isc_mem_t *mctx, isc_log_t **logp);
+
+void
+cleanup_logging(isc_log_t **logp);
+
+dns_ttl_t
+strtottl(const char *str);
+
+dst_key_state_t
+strtokeystate(const char *str);
+
+isc_stdtime_t
+strtotime(const char *str, int64_t now, int64_t base, bool *setp);
+
+dns_rdataclass_t
+strtoclass(const char *str);
+
+unsigned int
+strtodsdigest(const char *str);
+
+void
+add_dtype(unsigned int dt);
+
+isc_result_t
+try_dir(const char *dirname);
+
+void
+check_keyversion(dst_key_t *key, char *keystr);
+
+void
+set_keyversion(dst_key_t *key);
+
+bool
+key_collision(dst_key_t *key, dns_name_t *name, const char *dir,
+	      isc_mem_t *mctx, bool *exact);
+
+bool
+isoptarg(const char *arg, char **argv, void (*usage)(void));