Adding upstream version 115.7.0esr.upstream/115.7.0esr

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 1620 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/remote/marionette/element.sys.mjs b/remote/marionette/element.sys.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..131e69ebcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/remote/marionette/element.sys.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,1620 @@
+/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this file,
+ * You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
+
+const lazy = {};
+
+ChromeUtils.defineESModuleGetters(lazy, {
+  assert: "chrome://remote/content/shared/webdriver/Assert.sys.mjs",
+  atom: "chrome://remote/content/marionette/atom.sys.mjs",
+  error: "chrome://remote/content/shared/webdriver/Errors.sys.mjs",
+  generateUUID: "chrome://remote/content/shared/UUID.sys.mjs",
+  PollPromise: "chrome://remote/content/marionette/sync.sys.mjs",
+  pprint: "chrome://remote/content/shared/Format.sys.mjs",
+});
+
+const ORDERED_NODE_ITERATOR_TYPE = 5;
+const FIRST_ORDERED_NODE_TYPE = 9;
+
+const DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE = 11;
+const ELEMENT_NODE = 1;
+
+const XUL_NS = "http://www.mozilla.org/keymaster/gatekeeper/there.is.only.xul";
+
+/** XUL elements that support checked property. */
+const XUL_CHECKED_ELS = new Set(["button", "checkbox", "toolbarbutton"]);
+
+/** XUL elements that support selected property. */
+const XUL_SELECTED_ELS = new Set([
+  "menu",
+  "menuitem",
+  "menuseparator",
+  "radio",
+  "richlistitem",
+  "tab",
+]);
+
+/**
+ * This module provides shared functionality for dealing with DOM-
+ * and web elements in Marionette.
+ *
+ * A web element is an abstraction used to identify an element when it
+ * is transported across the protocol, between remote- and local ends.
+ *
+ * Each element has an associated web element reference (a UUID) that
+ * uniquely identifies the the element across all browsing contexts. The
+ * web element reference for every element representing the same element
+ * is the same.
+ *
+ * @namespace
+ */
+export const element = {};
+
+element.Strategy = {
+  ClassName: "class name",
+  Selector: "css selector",
+  ID: "id",
+  Name: "name",
+  LinkText: "link text",
+  PartialLinkText: "partial link text",
+  TagName: "tag name",
+  XPath: "xpath",
+};
+
+/**
+ * Find a single element or a collection of elements starting at the
+ * document root or a given node.
+ *
+ * If |timeout| is above 0, an implicit search technique is used.
+ * This will wait for the duration of <var>timeout</var> for the
+ * element to appear in the DOM.
+ *
+ * See the {@link element.Strategy} enum for a full list of supported
+ * search strategies that can be passed to <var>strategy</var>.
+ *
+ * @param {Object<string, WindowProxy>} container
+ *     Window object.
+ * @param {string} strategy
+ *     Search strategy whereby to locate the element(s).
+ * @param {string} selector
+ *     Selector search pattern.  The selector must be compatible with
+ *     the chosen search <var>strategy</var>.
+ * @param {object=} options
+ * @param {boolean=} options.all
+ *     If true, a multi-element search selector is used and a sequence of
+ *     elements will be returned, otherwise a single element. Defaults to false.
+ * @param {Element=} options.startNode
+ *     Element to use as the root of the search.
+ * @param {number=} options.timeout
+ *     Duration to wait before timing out the search.  If <code>all</code>
+ *     is false, a {@link NoSuchElementError} is thrown if unable to
+ *     find the element within the timeout duration.
+ *
+ * @returns {Promise.<(Element|Array.<Element>)>}
+ *     Single element or a sequence of elements.
+ *
+ * @throws InvalidSelectorError
+ *     If <var>strategy</var> is unknown.
+ * @throws InvalidSelectorError
+ *     If <var>selector</var> is malformed.
+ * @throws NoSuchElementError
+ *     If a single element is requested, this error will throw if the
+ *     element is not found.
+ */
+element.find = function (container, strategy, selector, options = {}) {
+  const { all = false, startNode, timeout = 0 } = options;
+
+  let searchFn;
+  if (all) {
+    searchFn = findElements.bind(this);
+  } else {
+    searchFn = findElement.bind(this);
+  }
+
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    let findElements = new lazy.PollPromise(
+      (resolve, reject) => {
+        let res = find_(container, strategy, selector, searchFn, {
+          all,
+          startNode,
+        });
+        if (res.length) {
+          resolve(Array.from(res));
+        } else {
+          reject([]);
+        }
+      },
+      { timeout }
+    );
+
+    findElements.then(foundEls => {
+      // the following code ought to be moved into findElement
+      // and findElements when bug 1254486 is addressed
+      if (!all && (!foundEls || !foundEls.length)) {
+        let msg = `Unable to locate element: ${selector}`;
+        reject(new lazy.error.NoSuchElementError(msg));
+      }
+
+      if (all) {
+        resolve(foundEls);
+      }
+      resolve(foundEls[0]);
+    }, reject);
+  });
+};
+
+function find_(
+  container,
+  strategy,
+  selector,
+  searchFn,
+  { startNode = null, all = false } = {}
+) {
+  let rootNode;
+
+  if (element.isShadowRoot(startNode)) {
+    rootNode = startNode.ownerDocument;
+  } else {
+    rootNode = container.frame.document;
+  }
+
+  if (!startNode) {
+    startNode = rootNode;
+  }
+
+  let res;
+  try {
+    res = searchFn(strategy, selector, rootNode, startNode);
+  } catch (e) {
+    throw new lazy.error.InvalidSelectorError(
+      `Given ${strategy} expression "${selector}" is invalid: ${e}`
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (res) {
+    if (all) {
+      return res;
+    }
+    return [res];
+  }
+  return [];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Find a single element by XPath expression.
+ *
+ * @param {Document} document
+ *     Document root.
+ * @param {Element} startNode
+ *     Where in the DOM hiearchy to begin searching.
+ * @param {string} expression
+ *     XPath search expression.
+ *
+ * @returns {Node}
+ *     First element matching <var>expression</var>.
+ */
+element.findByXPath = function (document, startNode, expression) {
+  let iter = document.evaluate(
+    expression,
+    startNode,
+    null,
+    FIRST_ORDERED_NODE_TYPE,
+    null
+  );
+  return iter.singleNodeValue;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Find elements by XPath expression.
+ *
+ * @param {Document} document
+ *     Document root.
+ * @param {Element} startNode
+ *     Where in the DOM hierarchy to begin searching.
+ * @param {string} expression
+ *     XPath search expression.
+ *
+ * @returns {Iterable.<Node>}
+ *     Iterator over nodes matching <var>expression</var>.
+ */
+element.findByXPathAll = function* (document, startNode, expression) {
+  let iter = document.evaluate(
+    expression,
+    startNode,
+    null,
+    ORDERED_NODE_ITERATOR_TYPE,
+    null
+  );
+  let el = iter.iterateNext();
+  while (el) {
+    yield el;
+    el = iter.iterateNext();
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Find all hyperlinks descendant of <var>startNode</var> which
+ * link text is <var>linkText</var>.
+ *
+ * @param {Element} startNode
+ *     Where in the DOM hierarchy to begin searching.
+ * @param {string} linkText
+ *     Link text to search for.
+ *
+ * @returns {Iterable.<HTMLAnchorElement>}
+ *     Sequence of link elements which text is <var>s</var>.
+ */
+element.findByLinkText = function (startNode, linkText) {
+  return filterLinks(
+    startNode,
+    link => lazy.atom.getElementText(link).trim() === linkText
+  );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Find all hyperlinks descendant of <var>startNode</var> which
+ * link text contains <var>linkText</var>.
+ *
+ * @param {Element} startNode
+ *     Where in the DOM hierachy to begin searching.
+ * @param {string} linkText
+ *     Link text to search for.
+ *
+ * @returns {Iterable.<HTMLAnchorElement>}
+ *     Iterator of link elements which text containins
+ *     <var>linkText</var>.
+ */
+element.findByPartialLinkText = function (startNode, linkText) {
+  return filterLinks(startNode, link =>
+    lazy.atom.getElementText(link).includes(linkText)
+  );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Filters all hyperlinks that are descendant of <var>startNode</var>
+ * by <var>predicate</var>.
+ *
+ * @param {Element} startNode
+ *     Where in the DOM hierarchy to begin searching.
+ * @param {function(HTMLAnchorElement): boolean} predicate
+ *     Function that determines if given link should be included in
+ *     return value or filtered away.
+ *
+ * @returns {Iterable.<HTMLAnchorElement>}
+ *     Iterator of link elements matching <var>predicate</var>.
+ */
+function* filterLinks(startNode, predicate) {
+  const links = getLinks(startNode);
+
+  for (const link of links) {
+    if (predicate(link)) {
+      yield link;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Finds a single element.
+ *
+ * @param {element.Strategy} strategy
+ *     Selector strategy to use.
+ * @param {string} selector
+ *     Selector expression.
+ * @param {Document} document
+ *     Document root.
+ * @param {Element=} startNode
+ *     Optional Element from which to start searching.
+ *
+ * @returns {Element}
+ *     Found element.
+ *
+ * @throws {InvalidSelectorError}
+ *     If strategy <var>using</var> is not recognised.
+ * @throws {Error}
+ *     If selector expression <var>selector</var> is malformed.
+ */
+function findElement(strategy, selector, document, startNode = undefined) {
+  switch (strategy) {
+    case element.Strategy.ID: {
+      if (startNode.getElementById) {
+        return startNode.getElementById(selector);
+      }
+      let expr = `.//*[@id="${selector}"]`;
+      return element.findByXPath(document, startNode, expr);
+    }
+
+    case element.Strategy.Name: {
+      if (startNode.getElementsByName) {
+        return startNode.getElementsByName(selector)[0];
+      }
+      let expr = `.//*[@name="${selector}"]`;
+      return element.findByXPath(document, startNode, expr);
+    }
+
+    case element.Strategy.ClassName:
+      return startNode.getElementsByClassName(selector)[0];
+
+    case element.Strategy.TagName:
+      return startNode.getElementsByTagName(selector)[0];
+
+    case element.Strategy.XPath:
+      return element.findByXPath(document, startNode, selector);
+
+    case element.Strategy.LinkText: {
+      const links = getLinks(startNode);
+      for (const link of links) {
+        if (lazy.atom.getElementText(link).trim() === selector) {
+          return link;
+        }
+      }
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
+    case element.Strategy.PartialLinkText: {
+      const links = getLinks(startNode);
+      for (const link of links) {
+        if (lazy.atom.getElementText(link).includes(selector)) {
+          return link;
+        }
+      }
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
+    case element.Strategy.Selector:
+      try {
+        return startNode.querySelector(selector);
+      } catch (e) {
+        throw new lazy.error.InvalidSelectorError(
+          `${e.message}: "${selector}"`
+        );
+      }
+  }
+
+  throw new lazy.error.InvalidSelectorError(`No such strategy: ${strategy}`);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Find multiple elements.
+ *
+ * @param {element.Strategy} strategy
+ *     Selector strategy to use.
+ * @param {string} selector
+ *     Selector expression.
+ * @param {Document} document
+ *     Document root.
+ * @param {Element=} startNode
+ *     Optional Element from which to start searching.
+ *
+ * @returns {Array.<Element>}
+ *     Found elements.
+ *
+ * @throws {InvalidSelectorError}
+ *     If strategy <var>strategy</var> is not recognised.
+ * @throws {Error}
+ *     If selector expression <var>selector</var> is malformed.
+ */
+function findElements(strategy, selector, document, startNode = undefined) {
+  switch (strategy) {
+    case element.Strategy.ID:
+      selector = `.//*[@id="${selector}"]`;
+
+    // fall through
+    case element.Strategy.XPath:
+      return [...element.findByXPathAll(document, startNode, selector)];
+
+    case element.Strategy.Name:
+      if (startNode.getElementsByName) {
+        return startNode.getElementsByName(selector);
+      }
+      return [
+        ...element.findByXPathAll(
+          document,
+          startNode,
+          `.//*[@name="${selector}"]`
+        ),
+      ];
+
+    case element.Strategy.ClassName:
+      return startNode.getElementsByClassName(selector);
+
+    case element.Strategy.TagName:
+      return startNode.getElementsByTagName(selector);
+
+    case element.Strategy.LinkText:
+      return [...element.findByLinkText(startNode, selector)];
+
+    case element.Strategy.PartialLinkText:
+      return [...element.findByPartialLinkText(startNode, selector)];
+
+    case element.Strategy.Selector:
+      return startNode.querySelectorAll(selector);
+
+    default:
+      throw new lazy.error.InvalidSelectorError(
+        `No such strategy: ${strategy}`
+      );
+  }
+}
+
+function getLinks(startNode) {
+  // DocumentFragment doesn't have `getElementsByTagName` so using `querySelectorAll`.
+  if (element.isShadowRoot(startNode)) {
+    return startNode.querySelectorAll("a");
+  }
+  return startNode.getElementsByTagName("a");
+}
+
+/**
+ * Finds the closest parent node of <var>startNode</var> matching a CSS
+ * <var>selector</var> expression.
+ *
+ * @param {Node} startNode
+ *     Cycle through <var>startNode</var>'s parent nodes in tree-order
+ *     and return the first match to <var>selector</var>.
+ * @param {string} selector
+ *     CSS selector expression.
+ *
+ * @returns {Node=}
+ *     First match to <var>selector</var>, or null if no match was found.
+ */
+element.findClosest = function (startNode, selector) {
+  let node = startNode;
+  while (node.parentNode && node.parentNode.nodeType == ELEMENT_NODE) {
+    node = node.parentNode;
+    if (node.matches(selector)) {
+      return node;
+    }
+  }
+  return null;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Resolve element from specified web reference identifier.
+ *
+ * @param {BrowsingContext} browsingContext
+ *     The browsing context to retrieve the element from.
+ * @param {string} nodeId
+ *     The WebReference uuid for a DOM element.
+ * @param {NodeCache} nodeCache
+ *     Node cache that holds already seen WebElement and ShadowRoot references.
+ *
+ * @returns {Element}
+ *     The DOM element that the identifier was generated for.
+ *
+ * @throws {NoSuchElementError}
+ *     If the element doesn't exist in the current browsing context.
+ * @throws {StaleElementReferenceError}
+ *     If the element has gone stale, indicating its node document is no
+ *     longer the active document or it is no longer attached to the DOM.
+ */
+element.getKnownElement = function (browsingContext, nodeId, nodeCache) {
+  if (!element.isNodeReferenceKnown(browsingContext, nodeId, nodeCache)) {
+    throw new lazy.error.NoSuchElementError(
+      `The element with the reference ${nodeId} is not known in the current browsing context`
+    );
+  }
+
+  const node = nodeCache.getNode(browsingContext, nodeId);
+
+  // Ensure the node is of the correct Node type.
+  if (node !== null && !element.isElement(node)) {
+    throw new lazy.error.NoSuchElementError(
+      `The element with the reference ${nodeId} is not of type HTMLElement`
+    );
+  }
+
+  // If null, which may be the case if the element has been unwrapped from a
+  // weak reference, it is always considered stale.
+  if (node === null || element.isStale(node)) {
+    throw new lazy.error.StaleElementReferenceError(
+      `The element with the reference ${nodeId} ` +
+        "is stale; either its node document is not the active document, " +
+        "or it is no longer connected to the DOM"
+    );
+  }
+
+  return node;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Resolve ShadowRoot from specified web reference identifier.
+ *
+ * @param {BrowsingContext} browsingContext
+ *     The browsing context to retrieve the shadow root from.
+ * @param {string} nodeId
+ *     The WebReference uuid for a ShadowRoot.
+ * @param {NodeCache} nodeCache
+ *     Node cache that holds already seen WebElement and ShadowRoot references.
+ *
+ * @returns {ShadowRoot}
+ *     The ShadowRoot that the identifier was generated for.
+ *
+ * @throws {NoSuchShadowRootError}
+ *     If the ShadowRoot doesn't exist in the current browsing context.
+ * @throws {DetachedShadowRootError}
+ *     If the ShadowRoot is detached, indicating its node document is no
+ *     longer the active document or it is no longer attached to the DOM.
+ */
+element.getKnownShadowRoot = function (browsingContext, nodeId, nodeCache) {
+  if (!element.isNodeReferenceKnown(browsingContext, nodeId, nodeCache)) {
+    throw new lazy.error.NoSuchShadowRootError(
+      `The shadow root with the reference ${nodeId} is not known in the current browsing context`
+    );
+  }
+
+  const node = nodeCache.getNode(browsingContext, nodeId);
+
+  // Ensure the node is of the correct Node type.
+  if (node !== null && !element.isShadowRoot(node)) {
+    throw new lazy.error.NoSuchShadowRootError(
+      `The shadow root with the reference ${nodeId} is not of type ShadowRoot`
+    );
+  }
+
+  // If null, which may be the case if the element has been unwrapped from a
+  // weak reference, it is always considered stale.
+  if (node === null || element.isDetached(node)) {
+    throw new lazy.error.DetachedShadowRootError(
+      `The shadow root with the reference ${nodeId} ` +
+        "is detached; either its node document is not the active document, " +
+        "or it is no longer connected to the DOM"
+    );
+  }
+
+  return node;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Determines if <var>obj<var> is an HTML or JS collection.
+ *
+ * @param {object} seq
+ *     Type to determine.
+ *
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ *     True if <var>seq</va> is a collection.
+ */
+element.isCollection = function (seq) {
+  switch (Object.prototype.toString.call(seq)) {
+    case "[object Arguments]":
+    case "[object Array]":
+    case "[object DOMTokenList]":
+    case "[object FileList]":
+    case "[object HTMLAllCollection]":
+    case "[object HTMLCollection]":
+    case "[object HTMLFormControlsCollection]":
+    case "[object HTMLOptionsCollection]":
+    case "[object NodeList]":
+      return true;
+
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Determines if <var>shadowRoot</var> is detached.
+ *
+ * A ShadowRoot is detached if its node document is not the active document
+ * or if the element node referred to as its host is stale.
+ *
+ * @param {ShadowRoot} shadowRoot
+ *     ShadowRoot to check for detached state.
+ *
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ *     True if <var>shadowRoot</var> is detached, false otherwise.
+ */
+element.isDetached = function (shadowRoot) {
+  return (
+    !shadowRoot.ownerDocument.isActive() || element.isStale(shadowRoot.host)
+  );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Determines if the node reference is known for the given browsing context.
+ *
+ * For WebDriver classic only nodes from the same browsing context are
+ * allowed to be accessed.
+ *
+ * @param {BrowsingContext} browsingContext
+ *     The browsing context the element has to be part of.
+ * @param {ElementIdentifier} nodeId
+ *     The WebElement reference identifier for a DOM element.
+ * @param {NodeCache} nodeCache
+ *     Node cache that holds already seen node references.
+ *
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ *     True if the element is known in the given browsing context.
+ */
+element.isNodeReferenceKnown = function (browsingContext, nodeId, nodeCache) {
+  const nodeDetails = nodeCache.getReferenceDetails(nodeId);
+  if (nodeDetails === null) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (nodeDetails.isTopBrowsingContext) {
+    // As long as Navigables are not available any cross-group navigation will
+    // cause a swap of the current top-level browsing context. The only unique
+    // identifier in such a case is the browser id the top-level browsing
+    // context actually lives in.
+    return nodeDetails.browserId === browsingContext.browserId;
+  }
+
+  return nodeDetails.browsingContextId === browsingContext.id;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Determines if <var>el</var> is stale.
+ *
+ * An element is stale if its node document is not the active document
+ * or if it is not connected.
+ *
+ * @param {Element} el
+ *     Element to check for staleness.
+ *
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ *     True if <var>el</var> is stale, false otherwise.
+ */
+element.isStale = function (el) {
+  if (!el.ownerGlobal) {
+    // Without a valid inner window the document is basically closed.
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return !el.ownerDocument.isActive() || !el.isConnected;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Determine if <var>el</var> is selected or not.
+ *
+ * This operation only makes sense on
+ * <tt>&lt;input type=checkbox&gt;</tt>,
+ * <tt>&lt;input type=radio&gt;</tt>,
+ * and <tt>&gt;option&gt;</tt> elements.
+ *
+ * @param {Element} el
+ *     Element to test if selected.
+ *
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ *     True if element is selected, false otherwise.
+ */
+element.isSelected = function (el) {
+  if (!el) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (element.isXULElement(el)) {
+    if (XUL_CHECKED_ELS.has(el.tagName)) {
+      return el.checked;
+    } else if (XUL_SELECTED_ELS.has(el.tagName)) {
+      return el.selected;
+    }
+  } else if (element.isDOMElement(el)) {
+    if (el.localName == "input" && ["checkbox", "radio"].includes(el.type)) {
+      return el.checked;
+    } else if (el.localName == "option") {
+      return el.selected;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return false;
+};
+
+/**
+ * An element is considered read only if it is an
+ * <code>&lt;input&gt;</code> or <code>&lt;textarea&gt;</code>
+ * element whose <code>readOnly</code> content IDL attribute is set.
+ *
+ * @param {Element} el
+ *     Element to test is read only.
+ *
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ *     True if element is read only.
+ */
+element.isReadOnly = function (el) {
+  return (
+    element.isDOMElement(el) &&
+    ["input", "textarea"].includes(el.localName) &&
+    el.readOnly
+  );
+};
+
+/**
+ * An element is considered disabled if it is a an element
+ * that can be disabled, or it belongs to a container group which
+ * <code>disabled</code> content IDL attribute affects it.
+ *
+ * @param {Element} el
+ *     Element to test for disabledness.
+ *
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ *     True if element, or its container group, is disabled.
+ */
+element.isDisabled = function (el) {
+  if (!element.isDOMElement(el)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  switch (el.localName) {
+    case "option":
+    case "optgroup":
+      if (el.disabled) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      let parent = element.findClosest(el, "optgroup,select");
+      return element.isDisabled(parent);
+
+    case "button":
+    case "input":
+    case "select":
+    case "textarea":
+      return el.disabled;
+
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Denotes elements that can be used for typing and clearing.
+ *
+ * Elements that are considered WebDriver-editable are non-readonly
+ * and non-disabled <code>&lt;input&gt;</code> elements in the Text,
+ * Search, URL, Telephone, Email, Password, Date, Month, Date and
+ * Time Local, Number, Range, Color, and File Upload states, and
+ * <code>&lt;textarea&gt;</code> elements.
+ *
+ * @param {Element} el
+ *     Element to test.
+ *
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ *     True if editable, false otherwise.
+ */
+element.isMutableFormControl = function (el) {
+  if (!element.isDOMElement(el)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (element.isReadOnly(el) || element.isDisabled(el)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (el.localName == "textarea") {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (el.localName != "input") {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  switch (el.type) {
+    case "color":
+    case "date":
+    case "datetime-local":
+    case "email":
+    case "file":
+    case "month":
+    case "number":
+    case "password":
+    case "range":
+    case "search":
+    case "tel":
+    case "text":
+    case "time":
+    case "url":
+    case "week":
+      return true;
+
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * An editing host is a node that is either an HTML element with a
+ * <code>contenteditable</code> attribute, or the HTML element child
+ * of a document whose <code>designMode</code> is enabled.
+ *
+ * @param {Element} el
+ *     Element to determine if is an editing host.
+ *
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ *     True if editing host, false otherwise.
+ */
+element.isEditingHost = function (el) {
+  return (
+    element.isDOMElement(el) &&
+    (el.isContentEditable || el.ownerDocument.designMode == "on")
+  );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Determines if an element is editable according to WebDriver.
+ *
+ * An element is considered editable if it is not read-only or
+ * disabled, and one of the following conditions are met:
+ *
+ * <ul>
+ * <li>It is a <code>&lt;textarea&gt;</code> element.
+ *
+ * <li>It is an <code>&lt;input&gt;</code> element that is not of
+ * the <code>checkbox</code>, <code>radio</code>, <code>hidden</code>,
+ * <code>submit</code>, <code>button</code>, or <code>image</code> types.
+ *
+ * <li>It is content-editable.
+ *
+ * <li>It belongs to a document in design mode.
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * @param {Element} el
+ *     Element to test if editable.
+ *
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ *     True if editable, false otherwise.
+ */
+element.isEditable = function (el) {
+  if (!element.isDOMElement(el)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (element.isReadOnly(el) || element.isDisabled(el)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return element.isMutableFormControl(el) || element.isEditingHost(el);
+};
+
+/**
+ * This function generates a pair of coordinates relative to the viewport
+ * given a target element and coordinates relative to that element's
+ * top-left corner.
+ *
+ * @param {Node} node
+ *     Target node.
+ * @param {number=} xOffset
+ *     Horizontal offset relative to target's top-left corner.
+ *     Defaults to the centre of the target's bounding box.
+ * @param {number=} yOffset
+ *     Vertical offset relative to target's top-left corner.  Defaults to
+ *     the centre of the target's bounding box.
+ *
+ * @returns {Object<string, number>}
+ *     X- and Y coordinates.
+ *
+ * @throws TypeError
+ *     If <var>xOffset</var> or <var>yOffset</var> are not numbers.
+ */
+element.coordinates = function (
+  node,
+  xOffset = undefined,
+  yOffset = undefined
+) {
+  let box = node.getBoundingClientRect();
+
+  if (typeof xOffset == "undefined" || xOffset === null) {
+    xOffset = box.width / 2.0;
+  }
+  if (typeof yOffset == "undefined" || yOffset === null) {
+    yOffset = box.height / 2.0;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof yOffset != "number" || typeof xOffset != "number") {
+    throw new TypeError("Offset must be a number");
+  }
+
+  return {
+    x: box.left + xOffset,
+    y: box.top + yOffset,
+  };
+};
+
+/**
+ * This function returns true if the node is in the viewport.
+ *
+ * @param {Element} el
+ *     Target element.
+ * @param {number=} x
+ *     Horizontal offset relative to target.  Defaults to the centre of
+ *     the target's bounding box.
+ * @param {number=} y
+ *     Vertical offset relative to target.  Defaults to the centre of
+ *     the target's bounding box.
+ *
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ *     True if if <var>el</var> is in viewport, false otherwise.
+ */
+element.inViewport = function (el, x = undefined, y = undefined) {
+  let win = el.ownerGlobal;
+  let c = element.coordinates(el, x, y);
+  let vp = {
+    top: win.pageYOffset,
+    left: win.pageXOffset,
+    bottom: win.pageYOffset + win.innerHeight,
+    right: win.pageXOffset + win.innerWidth,
+  };
+
+  return (
+    vp.left <= c.x + win.pageXOffset &&
+    c.x + win.pageXOffset <= vp.right &&
+    vp.top <= c.y + win.pageYOffset &&
+    c.y + win.pageYOffset <= vp.bottom
+  );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Gets the element's container element.
+ *
+ * An element container is defined by the WebDriver
+ * specification to be an <tt>&lt;option&gt;</tt> element in a
+ * <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-element-contexts">valid
+ * element context</a>, meaning that it has an ancestral element
+ * that is either <tt>&lt;datalist&gt;</tt> or <tt>&lt;select&gt;</tt>.
+ *
+ * If the element does not have a valid context, its container element
+ * is itself.
+ *
+ * @param {Element} el
+ *     Element to get the container of.
+ *
+ * @returns {Element}
+ *     Container element of <var>el</var>.
+ */
+element.getContainer = function (el) {
+  // Does <option> or <optgroup> have a valid context,
+  // meaning is it a child of <datalist> or <select>?
+  if (["option", "optgroup"].includes(el.localName)) {
+    return element.findClosest(el, "datalist,select") || el;
+  }
+
+  return el;
+};
+
+/**
+ * An element is in view if it is a member of its own pointer-interactable
+ * paint tree.
+ *
+ * This means an element is considered to be in view, but not necessarily
+ * pointer-interactable, if it is found somewhere in the
+ * <code>elementsFromPoint</code> list at <var>el</var>'s in-view
+ * centre coordinates.
+ *
+ * Before running the check, we change <var>el</var>'s pointerEvents
+ * style property to "auto", since elements without pointer events
+ * enabled do not turn up in the paint tree we get from
+ * document.elementsFromPoint.  This is a specialisation that is only
+ * relevant when checking if the element is in view.
+ *
+ * @param {Element} el
+ *     Element to check if is in view.
+ *
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ *     True if <var>el</var> is inside the viewport, or false otherwise.
+ */
+element.isInView = function (el) {
+  let originalPointerEvents = el.style.pointerEvents;
+
+  try {
+    el.style.pointerEvents = "auto";
+    const tree = element.getPointerInteractablePaintTree(el);
+
+    // Bug 1413493 - <tr> is not part of the returned paint tree yet. As
+    // workaround check the visibility based on the first contained cell.
+    if (el.localName === "tr" && el.cells && el.cells.length) {
+      return tree.includes(el.cells[0]);
+    }
+
+    return tree.includes(el);
+  } finally {
+    el.style.pointerEvents = originalPointerEvents;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * This function throws the visibility of the element error if the element is
+ * not displayed or the given coordinates are not within the viewport.
+ *
+ * @param {Element} el
+ *     Element to check if visible.
+ * @param {number=} x
+ *     Horizontal offset relative to target.  Defaults to the centre of
+ *     the target's bounding box.
+ * @param {number=} y
+ *     Vertical offset relative to target.  Defaults to the centre of
+ *     the target's bounding box.
+ *
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ *     True if visible, false otherwise.
+ */
+element.isVisible = function (el, x = undefined, y = undefined) {
+  let win = el.ownerGlobal;
+
+  if (!lazy.atom.isElementDisplayed(el, win)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (el.tagName.toLowerCase() == "body") {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (!element.inViewport(el, x, y)) {
+    element.scrollIntoView(el);
+    if (!element.inViewport(el)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+};
+
+/**
+ * A pointer-interactable element is defined to be the first
+ * non-transparent element, defined by the paint order found at the centre
+ * point of its rectangle that is inside the viewport, excluding the size
+ * of any rendered scrollbars.
+ *
+ * An element is obscured if the pointer-interactable paint tree at its
+ * centre point is empty, or the first element in this tree is not an
+ * inclusive descendant of itself.
+ *
+ * @param {DOMElement} el
+ *     Element determine if is pointer-interactable.
+ *
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ *     True if element is obscured, false otherwise.
+ */
+element.isObscured = function (el) {
+  let tree = element.getPointerInteractablePaintTree(el);
+  return !el.contains(tree[0]);
+};
+
+// TODO(ato): Only used by deprecated action API
+// https://bugzil.la/1354578
+/**
+ * Calculates the in-view centre point of an element's client rect.
+ *
+ * The portion of an element that is said to be _in view_, is the
+ * intersection of two squares: the first square being the initial
+ * viewport, and the second a DOM element.  From this square we
+ * calculate the in-view _centre point_ and convert it into CSS pixels.
+ *
+ * Although Gecko's system internals allow click points to be
+ * given in floating point precision, the DOM operates in CSS pixels.
+ * When the in-view centre point is later used to retrieve a coordinate's
+ * paint tree, we need to ensure to operate in the same language.
+ *
+ * As a word of warning, there appears to be inconsistencies between
+ * how `DOMElement.elementsFromPoint` and `DOMWindowUtils.sendMouseEvent`
+ * internally rounds (ceils/floors) coordinates.
+ *
+ * @param {DOMRect} rect
+ *     Element off a DOMRect sequence produced by calling
+ *     `getClientRects` on an {@link Element}.
+ * @param {WindowProxy} win
+ *     Current window global.
+ *
+ * @returns {Map.<string, number>}
+ *     X and Y coordinates that denotes the in-view centre point of
+ *     `rect`.
+ */
+element.getInViewCentrePoint = function (rect, win) {
+  const { floor, max, min } = Math;
+
+  // calculate the intersection of the rect that is inside the viewport
+  let visible = {
+    left: max(0, min(rect.x, rect.x + rect.width)),
+    right: min(win.innerWidth, max(rect.x, rect.x + rect.width)),
+    top: max(0, min(rect.y, rect.y + rect.height)),
+    bottom: min(win.innerHeight, max(rect.y, rect.y + rect.height)),
+  };
+
+  // arrive at the centre point of the visible rectangle
+  let x = (visible.left + visible.right) / 2.0;
+  let y = (visible.top + visible.bottom) / 2.0;
+
+  // convert to CSS pixels, as centre point can be float
+  x = floor(x);
+  y = floor(y);
+
+  return { x, y };
+};
+
+/**
+ * Produces a pointer-interactable elements tree from a given element.
+ *
+ * The tree is defined by the paint order found at the centre point of
+ * the element's rectangle that is inside the viewport, excluding the size
+ * of any rendered scrollbars.
+ *
+ * @param {DOMElement} el
+ *     Element to determine if is pointer-interactable.
+ *
+ * @returns {Array.<DOMElement>}
+ *     Sequence of elements in paint order.
+ */
+element.getPointerInteractablePaintTree = function (el) {
+  const doc = el.ownerDocument;
+  const win = doc.defaultView;
+  const rootNode = el.getRootNode();
+
+  // pointer-interactable elements tree, step 1
+  if (!el.isConnected) {
+    return [];
+  }
+
+  // steps 2-3
+  let rects = el.getClientRects();
+  if (!rects.length) {
+    return [];
+  }
+
+  // step 4
+  let centre = element.getInViewCentrePoint(rects[0], win);
+
+  // step 5
+  return rootNode.elementsFromPoint(centre.x, centre.y);
+};
+
+// TODO(ato): Not implemented.
+// In fact, it's not defined in the spec.
+element.isKeyboardInteractable = () => true;
+
+/**
+ * Attempts to scroll into view |el|.
+ *
+ * @param {DOMElement} el
+ *     Element to scroll into view.
+ */
+element.scrollIntoView = function (el) {
+  if (el.scrollIntoView) {
+    el.scrollIntoView({ block: "end", inline: "nearest" });
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Ascertains whether <var>obj</var> is a DOM-, SVG-, or XUL element.
+ *
+ * @param {object} obj
+ *     Object thought to be an <code>Element</code> or
+ *     <code>XULElement</code>.
+ *
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ *     True if <var>obj</var> is an element, false otherwise.
+ */
+element.isElement = function (obj) {
+  return element.isDOMElement(obj) || element.isXULElement(obj);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the shadow root of an element.
+ *
+ * @param {Element} el
+ *     Element thought to have a <code>shadowRoot</code>
+ * @returns {ShadowRoot}
+ *     Shadow root of the element.
+ */
+element.getShadowRoot = function (el) {
+  const shadowRoot = el.openOrClosedShadowRoot;
+  if (!shadowRoot) {
+    throw new lazy.error.NoSuchShadowRootError();
+  }
+  return shadowRoot;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Ascertains whether <var>node</var> is a shadow root.
+ *
+ * @param {ShadowRoot} node
+ *   The node that will be checked to see if it has a shadow root
+ *
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ *     True if <var>node</var> is a shadow root, false otherwise.
+ */
+element.isShadowRoot = function (node) {
+  return (
+    node &&
+    node.nodeType === DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE &&
+    node.containingShadowRoot == node
+  );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Ascertains whether <var>obj</var> is a DOM element.
+ *
+ * @param {object} obj
+ *     Object to check.
+ *
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ *     True if <var>obj</var> is a DOM element, false otherwise.
+ */
+element.isDOMElement = function (obj) {
+  return obj && obj.nodeType == ELEMENT_NODE && !element.isXULElement(obj);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Ascertains whether <var>obj</var> is a XUL element.
+ *
+ * @param {object} obj
+ *     Object to check.
+ *
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ *     True if <var>obj</var> is a XULElement, false otherwise.
+ */
+element.isXULElement = function (obj) {
+  return obj && obj.nodeType === ELEMENT_NODE && obj.namespaceURI === XUL_NS;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Ascertains whether <var>node</var> is in a privileged document.
+ *
+ * @param {Node} node
+ *     Node to check.
+ *
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ *     True if <var>node</var> is in a privileged document,
+ *     false otherwise.
+ */
+element.isInPrivilegedDocument = function (node) {
+  return !!node?.nodePrincipal?.isSystemPrincipal;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Ascertains whether <var>obj</var> is a <code>WindowProxy</code>.
+ *
+ * @param {object} obj
+ *     Object to check.
+ *
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ *     True if <var>obj</var> is a DOM window.
+ */
+element.isDOMWindow = function (obj) {
+  // TODO(ato): This should use Object.prototype.toString.call(node)
+  // but it's not clear how to write a good xpcshell test for that,
+  // seeing as we stub out a WindowProxy.
+  return (
+    typeof obj == "object" &&
+    obj !== null &&
+    typeof obj.toString == "function" &&
+    obj.toString() == "[object Window]" &&
+    obj.self === obj
+  );
+};
+
+const boolEls = {
+  audio: ["autoplay", "controls", "loop", "muted"],
+  button: ["autofocus", "disabled", "formnovalidate"],
+  details: ["open"],
+  dialog: ["open"],
+  fieldset: ["disabled"],
+  form: ["novalidate"],
+  iframe: ["allowfullscreen"],
+  img: ["ismap"],
+  input: [
+    "autofocus",
+    "checked",
+    "disabled",
+    "formnovalidate",
+    "multiple",
+    "readonly",
+    "required",
+  ],
+  keygen: ["autofocus", "disabled"],
+  menuitem: ["checked", "default", "disabled"],
+  ol: ["reversed"],
+  optgroup: ["disabled"],
+  option: ["disabled", "selected"],
+  script: ["async", "defer"],
+  select: ["autofocus", "disabled", "multiple", "required"],
+  textarea: ["autofocus", "disabled", "readonly", "required"],
+  track: ["default"],
+  video: ["autoplay", "controls", "loop", "muted"],
+};
+
+/**
+ * Tests if the attribute is a boolean attribute on element.
+ *
+ * @param {Element} el
+ *     Element to test if <var>attr</var> is a boolean attribute on.
+ * @param {string} attr
+ *     Attribute to test is a boolean attribute.
+ *
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ *     True if the attribute is boolean, false otherwise.
+ */
+element.isBooleanAttribute = function (el, attr) {
+  if (!element.isDOMElement(el)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // global boolean attributes that apply to all HTML elements,
+  // except for custom elements
+  const customElement = !el.localName.includes("-");
+  if ((attr == "hidden" || attr == "itemscope") && customElement) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (!boolEls.hasOwnProperty(el.localName)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return boolEls[el.localName].includes(attr);
+};
+
+/**
+ * A web reference is an abstraction used to identify an element when
+ * it is transported via the protocol, between remote- and local ends.
+ *
+ * In Marionette this abstraction can represent DOM elements,
+ * WindowProxies, and XUL elements.
+ */
+export class WebReference {
+  /**
+   * @param {string} uuid
+   *     Identifier that must be unique across all browsing contexts
+   *     for the contract to be upheld.
+   */
+  constructor(uuid) {
+    this.uuid = lazy.assert.string(uuid);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Performs an equality check between this web element and
+   * <var>other</var>.
+   *
+   * @param {WebReference} other
+   *     Web element to compare with this.
+   *
+   * @returns {boolean}
+   *     True if this and <var>other</var> are the same.  False
+   *     otherwise.
+   */
+  is(other) {
+    return other instanceof WebReference && this.uuid === other.uuid;
+  }
+
+  toString() {
+    return `[object ${this.constructor.name} uuid=${this.uuid}]`;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a new {@link WebReference} reference for a DOM or XUL element,
+   * <code>WindowProxy</code>, or <code>ShadowRoot</code>.
+   *
+   * @param {(Element|ShadowRoot|WindowProxy|MockXULElement)} node
+   *     Node to construct a web element reference for.
+   * @param {string=} uuid
+   *     Optional unique identifier of the WebReference if already known.
+   *     If not defined a new unique identifier will be created.
+   *
+   * @returns {WebReference}
+   *     Web reference for <var>node</var>.
+   *
+   * @throws {InvalidArgumentError}
+   *     If <var>node</var> is neither a <code>WindowProxy</code>,
+   *     DOM or XUL element, or <code>ShadowRoot</code>.
+   */
+  static from(node, uuid) {
+    if (uuid === undefined) {
+      uuid = lazy.generateUUID();
+    }
+
+    if (element.isShadowRoot(node) && !element.isInPrivilegedDocument(node)) {
+      // When we support Chrome Shadowroots we will need to
+      // do a check here of shadowroot.host being in a privileged document
+      // See Bug 1743541
+      return new ShadowRoot(uuid);
+    } else if (element.isElement(node)) {
+      return new WebElement(uuid);
+    } else if (element.isDOMWindow(node)) {
+      if (node.parent === node) {
+        return new WebWindow(uuid);
+      }
+      return new WebFrame(uuid);
+    }
+
+    throw new lazy.error.InvalidArgumentError(
+      "Expected DOM window/element " + lazy.pprint`or XUL element, got: ${node}`
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Unmarshals a JSON Object to one of {@link ShadowRoot}, {@link WebElement},
+   * {@link WebFrame}, or {@link WebWindow}.
+   *
+   * @param {Object<string, string>} json
+   *     Web reference, which is supposed to be a JSON Object
+   *     where the key is one of the {@link WebReference} concrete
+   *     classes' UUID identifiers.
+   *
+   * @returns {WebReference}
+   *     Web reference for the JSON object.
+   *
+   * @throws {InvalidArgumentError}
+   *     If <var>json</var> is not a web reference.
+   */
+  static fromJSON(json) {
+    lazy.assert.object(json);
+    if (json instanceof WebReference) {
+      return json;
+    }
+    let keys = Object.keys(json);
+
+    for (let key of keys) {
+      switch (key) {
+        case ShadowRoot.Identifier:
+          return ShadowRoot.fromJSON(json);
+
+        case WebElement.Identifier:
+          return WebElement.fromJSON(json);
+
+        case WebFrame.Identifier:
+          return WebFrame.fromJSON(json);
+
+        case WebWindow.Identifier:
+          return WebWindow.fromJSON(json);
+      }
+    }
+
+    throw new lazy.error.InvalidArgumentError(
+      lazy.pprint`Expected web reference, got: ${json}`
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if <var>obj<var> is a {@link WebReference} reference.
+   *
+   * @param {Object<string, string>} obj
+   *     Object that represents a {@link WebReference}.
+   *
+   * @returns {boolean}
+   *     True if <var>obj</var> is a {@link WebReference}, false otherwise.
+   */
+  static isReference(obj) {
+    if (Object.prototype.toString.call(obj) != "[object Object]") {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (
+      ShadowRoot.Identifier in obj ||
+      WebElement.Identifier in obj ||
+      WebFrame.Identifier in obj ||
+      WebWindow.Identifier in obj
+    ) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * DOM elements are represented as web elements when they are
+ * transported over the wire protocol.
+ */
+export class WebElement extends WebReference {
+  toJSON() {
+    return { [WebElement.Identifier]: this.uuid };
+  }
+
+  static fromJSON(json) {
+    const { Identifier } = WebElement;
+
+    if (!(Identifier in json)) {
+      throw new lazy.error.InvalidArgumentError(
+        lazy.pprint`Expected web element reference, got: ${json}`
+      );
+    }
+
+    let uuid = json[Identifier];
+    return new WebElement(uuid);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a {@link WebElement} from a string <var>uuid</var>.
+   *
+   * This whole function is a workaround for the fact that clients
+   * to Marionette occasionally pass <code>{id: <uuid>}</code> JSON
+   * Objects instead of web element representations.
+   *
+   * @param {string} uuid
+   *     UUID to be associated with the web reference.
+   *
+   * @returns {WebElement}
+   *     The web element reference.
+   *
+   * @throws {InvalidArgumentError}
+   *     If <var>uuid</var> is not a string.
+   */
+  static fromUUID(uuid) {
+    return new WebElement(uuid);
+  }
+}
+
+WebElement.Identifier = "element-6066-11e4-a52e-4f735466cecf";
+
+/**
+ * Shadow Root elements are represented as shadow root references when they are
+ * transported over the wire protocol
+ */
+export class ShadowRoot extends WebReference {
+  toJSON() {
+    return { [ShadowRoot.Identifier]: this.uuid };
+  }
+
+  static fromJSON(json) {
+    const { Identifier } = ShadowRoot;
+
+    if (!(Identifier in json)) {
+      throw new lazy.error.InvalidArgumentError(
+        lazy.pprint`Expected shadow root reference, got: ${json}`
+      );
+    }
+
+    let uuid = json[Identifier];
+    return new ShadowRoot(uuid);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a {@link ShadowRoot} from a string <var>uuid</var>.
+   *
+   * This whole function is a workaround for the fact that clients
+   * to Marionette occasionally pass <code>{id: <uuid>}</code> JSON
+   * Objects instead of shadow root representations.
+   *
+   * @param {string} uuid
+   *     UUID to be associated with the web reference.
+   *
+   * @returns {ShadowRoot}
+   *     The shadow root reference.
+   *
+   * @throws {InvalidArgumentError}
+   *     If <var>uuid</var> is not a string.
+   */
+  static fromUUID(uuid) {
+    lazy.assert.string(uuid);
+
+    return new ShadowRoot(uuid);
+  }
+}
+
+ShadowRoot.Identifier = "shadow-6066-11e4-a52e-4f735466cecf";
+
+/**
+ * Top-level browsing contexts, such as <code>WindowProxy</code>
+ * whose <code>opener</code> is null, are represented as web windows
+ * over the wire protocol.
+ */
+export class WebWindow extends WebReference {
+  toJSON() {
+    return { [WebWindow.Identifier]: this.uuid };
+  }
+
+  static fromJSON(json) {
+    if (!(WebWindow.Identifier in json)) {
+      throw new lazy.error.InvalidArgumentError(
+        lazy.pprint`Expected web window reference, got: ${json}`
+      );
+    }
+    let uuid = json[WebWindow.Identifier];
+    return new WebWindow(uuid);
+  }
+}
+
+WebWindow.Identifier = "window-fcc6-11e5-b4f8-330a88ab9d7f";
+
+/**
+ * Nested browsing contexts, such as the <code>WindowProxy</code>
+ * associated with <tt>&lt;frame&gt;</tt> and <tt>&lt;iframe&gt;</tt>,
+ * are represented as web frames over the wire protocol.
+ */
+export class WebFrame extends WebReference {
+  toJSON() {
+    return { [WebFrame.Identifier]: this.uuid };
+  }
+
+  static fromJSON(json) {
+    if (!(WebFrame.Identifier in json)) {
+      throw new lazy.error.InvalidArgumentError(
+        lazy.pprint`Expected web frame reference, got: ${json}`
+      );
+    }
+    let uuid = json[WebFrame.Identifier];
+    return new WebFrame(uuid);
+  }
+}
+
+WebFrame.Identifier = "frame-075b-4da1-b6ba-e579c2d3230a";