Adding upstream version 5.6.0.upstream/5.6.0upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

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+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+.. _mod-http-custom-endpoint:
+
+Custom HTTP services
+====================
+
+This chapter describes how to create custom HTTP services inside Knot Resolver.
+Please read HTTP module basics in chapter :ref:`mod-http` before continuing.
+
+Each network address+protocol+port combination configured using :func:`net.listen`
+is associated with *kind* of endpoint, e.g. ``doh_legacy`` or ``webmgmt``.
+
+Each of these *kind* names is associated with table of HTTP endpoints,
+and the default table can be replaced using ``http.config()`` configuration call
+which allows your to provide your own HTTP endpoints.
+
+Items in the table of HTTP endpoints are small tables describing a triplet
+- ``{mime, on_serve, on_websocket}``.
+In order to register a new service in ``webmgmt`` *kind* of HTTP endpoint
+add the new endpoint description to respective table:
+
+.. code-block:: lua
+
+	-- custom function to handle HTTP /health requests
+	local on_health = {'application/json',
+	function (h, stream)
+		-- API call, return a JSON table
+		return {state = 'up', uptime = 0}
+	end,
+	function (h, ws)
+		-- Stream current status every second
+		local ok = true
+		while ok do
+			local push = tojson('up')
+			ok = ws:send(tojson({'up'}))
+			require('cqueues').sleep(1)
+		end
+		-- Finalize the WebSocket
+		ws:close()
+	end}
+
+	modules.load('http')
+	-- copy all existing webmgmt endpoints
+	my_mgmt_endpoints = http.configs._builtin.webmgmt.endpoints
+	-- add custom endpoint to the copy
+	my_mgmt_endpoints['/health'] = on_health
+	-- use custom HTTP configuration for webmgmt
+	http.config({
+	        endpoints = my_mgmt_endpoints
+	}, 'webmgmt')
+
+Then you can query the API endpoint, or tail the WebSocket using curl.
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+	$ curl -k https://localhost:8453/health
+	{"state":"up","uptime":0}
+	$ curl -k -i -N -H "Connection: Upgrade" -H "Upgrade: websocket" -H "Host: localhost:8453/health"  -H "Sec-Websocket-Key: nope" -H "Sec-Websocket-Version: 13" https://localhost:8453/health
+	HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols
+	upgrade: websocket
+	sec-websocket-accept: eg18mwU7CDRGUF1Q+EJwPM335eM=
+	connection: upgrade
+
+	?["up"]?["up"]?["up"]
+
+Since the stream handlers are effectively coroutines, you are free to keep state
+and yield using `cqueues library <http://www.25thandclement.com/~william/projects/cqueues.html>`_.
+
+This is especially useful for WebSockets, as you can stream content in a simple loop instead of
+chains of callbacks.
+
+Last thing you can publish from modules are *"snippets"*. Snippets are plain pieces of HTML code
+that are rendered at the end of the built-in webpage. The snippets can be extended with JS code to talk to already
+exported restful APIs and subscribe to WebSockets.
+
+.. code-block:: lua
+
+	http.snippets['/health'] = {'Health service', '<p>UP!</p>'}
+
+Custom RESTful services
+-----------------------
+
+A RESTful service is likely to respond differently to different type of methods and requests,
+there are three things that you can do in a service handler to send back results.
+First is to just send whatever you want to send back, it has to respect MIME type that the service
+declared in the endpoint definition. The response code would then be ``200 OK``, any non-string
+responses will be packed to JSON. Alternatively, you can respond with a number corresponding to
+the HTTP response code or send headers and body yourself.
+
+.. code-block:: lua
+
+	-- Our upvalue
+	local value = 42
+
+	-- Expose the service
+	local service = {'application/json',
+	function (h, stream)
+		-- Get request method and deal with it properly
+		local m = h:get(':method')
+		local path = h:get(':path')
+		log('method %s path %s', m, path)
+		-- Return table, response code will be '200 OK'
+		if m == 'GET' then
+			return {key = path, value = value}
+		-- Save body, perform check and either respond with 505 or 200 OK
+		elseif m == 'POST' then
+			local data = stream:get_body_as_string()
+			if not tonumber(data) then
+				return 500, 'Not a good request'
+			end
+			value = tonumber(data)
+		-- Unsupported method, return 405 Method not allowed
+		else
+			return 405, 'Cannot do that'
+		end
+	end}
+	modules.load('http')
+	http.config({
+		endpoints = { ['/service'] = service }
+	}, 'myservice')
+	-- do not forget to create socket of new kind using
+	-- net.listen(..., { kind = 'myservice' })
+	-- or configure systemd socket kresd-myservice.socket
+
+In some cases you might need to send back your own headers instead of default provided by HTTP handler,
+you can do this, but then you have to return ``false`` to notify handler that it shouldn't try to generate
+a response.
+
+.. code-block:: lua
+
+	local headers = require('http.headers')
+	function (h, stream)
+		-- Send back headers
+		local hsend = headers.new()
+		hsend:append(':status', '200')
+		hsend:append('content-type', 'binary/octet-stream')
+		assert(stream:write_headers(hsend, false))
+		-- Send back data
+		local data = 'binary-data'
+		assert(stream:write_chunk(data, true))
+		-- Disable default handler action
+		return false
+	end
+