1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
|
<!doctype html public "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html> <head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title> Postfix manual - oqmgr(8) </title>
</head> <body> <pre>
OQMGR(8) OQMGR(8)
<b>NAME</b>
oqmgr - old Postfix queue manager
<b>SYNOPSIS</b>
<b>oqmgr</b> [generic Postfix daemon options]
<b>DESCRIPTION</b>
The <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>oqmgr</b>(8)</a> daemon awaits the arrival of incoming mail and arranges
for its delivery via Postfix delivery processes. The actual mail rout-
ing strategy is delegated to the <a href="trivial-rewrite.8.html"><b>trivial-rewrite</b>(8)</a> daemon. This pro-
gram expects to be run from the <a href="master.8.html"><b>master</b>(8)</a> process manager.
Mail addressed to the local <b>double-bounce</b> address is logged and dis-
carded. This stops potential loops caused by undeliverable bounce
notifications.
<b>MAIL QUEUES</b>
The <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>oqmgr</b>(8)</a> daemon maintains the following queues:
<b>incoming</b>
Inbound mail from the network, or mail picked up by the local
<a href="pickup.8.html"><b>pickup</b>(8)</a> agent from the <b>maildrop</b> directory.
<b>active</b> Messages that the queue manager has opened for delivery. Only a
limited number of messages is allowed to enter the <b>active</b> queue
(leaky bucket strategy, for a fixed delivery rate).
<b>deferred</b>
Mail that could not be delivered upon the first attempt. The
queue manager implements exponential backoff by doubling the
time between delivery attempts.
<b>corrupt</b>
Unreadable or damaged queue files are moved here for inspection.
<b>hold</b> Messages that are kept "on hold" are kept here until someone
sets them free.
<b>DELIVERY STATUS REPORTS</b>
The <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>oqmgr</b>(8)</a> daemon keeps an eye on per-message delivery status reports
in the following directories. Each status report file has the same name
as the corresponding message file:
<b>bounce</b> Per-recipient status information about why mail is bounced.
These files are maintained by the <a href="bounce.8.html"><b>bounce</b>(8)</a> daemon.
<b>defer</b> Per-recipient status information about why mail is delayed.
These files are maintained by the <a href="defer.8.html"><b>defer</b>(8)</a> daemon.
<b>trace</b> Per-recipient status information as requested with the Postfix
"<b>sendmail -v</b>" or "<b>sendmail -bv</b>" command. These files are main-
tained by the <a href="trace.8.html"><b>trace</b>(8)</a> daemon.
The <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>oqmgr</b>(8)</a> daemon is responsible for asking the <a href="bounce.8.html"><b>bounce</b>(8)</a>, <a href="defer.8.html"><b>defer</b>(8)</a>
or <a href="trace.8.html"><b>trace</b>(8)</a> daemons to send delivery reports.
<b>STRATEGIES</b>
The queue manager implements a variety of strategies for either opening
queue files (input) or for message delivery (output).
<b>leaky bucket</b>
This strategy limits the number of messages in the <b>active</b> queue
and prevents the queue manager from running out of memory under
heavy load.
<b>fairness</b>
When the <b>active</b> queue has room, the queue manager takes one mes-
sage from the <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#incoming_queue"><b>incoming</b> queue</a> and one from the <b>deferred</b> queue.
This prevents a large mail backlog from blocking the delivery of
new mail.
<b>slow start</b>
This strategy eliminates "thundering herd" problems by slowly
adjusting the number of parallel deliveries to the same destina-
tion.
<b>round robin</b>
The queue manager sorts delivery requests by destination.
Round-robin selection prevents one destination from dominating
deliveries to other destinations.
<b>exponential backoff</b>
Mail that cannot be delivered upon the first attempt is
deferred. The time interval between delivery attempts is dou-
bled after each attempt.
<b>destination status cache</b>
The queue manager avoids unnecessary delivery attempts by main-
taining a short-term, in-memory list of unreachable destina-
tions.
<b>TRIGGERS</b>
On an idle system, the queue manager waits for the arrival of trigger
events, or it waits for a timer to go off. A trigger is a one-byte mes-
sage. Depending on the message received, the queue manager performs
one of the following actions (the message is followed by the symbolic
constant used internally by the software):
<b>D (QMGR_REQ_SCAN_DEFERRED)</b>
Start a <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#deferred_queue">deferred queue</a> scan. If a deferred queue scan is
already in progress, that scan will be restarted as soon as it
finishes.
<b>I (QMGR_REQ_SCAN_INCOMING)</b>
Start an <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#incoming_queue">incoming queue</a> scan. If an incoming queue scan is
already in progress, that scan will be restarted as soon as it
finishes.
<b>A (QMGR_REQ_SCAN_ALL)</b>
Ignore <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#deferred_queue">deferred queue</a> file time stamps. The request affects the
next <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#deferred_queue">deferred queue</a> scan.
<b>F (QMGR_REQ_FLUSH_DEAD)</b>
Purge all information about dead transports and destinations.
<b>W (TRIGGER_REQ_WAKEUP)</b>
Wakeup call, This is used by the master server to instantiate
servers that should not go away forever. The action is to start
an <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#incoming_queue">incoming queue</a> scan.
The <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>oqmgr</b>(8)</a> daemon reads an entire buffer worth of triggers. Multiple
identical trigger requests are collapsed into one, and trigger requests
are sorted so that <b>A</b> and <b>F</b> precede <b>D</b> and <b>I</b>. Thus, in order to force a
<a href="QSHAPE_README.html#deferred_queue">deferred queue</a> run, one would request <b>A F D</b>; in order to notify the
queue manager of the arrival of new mail one would request <b>I</b>.
<b>STANDARDS</b>
<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3463">RFC 3463</a> (Enhanced status codes)
<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3464">RFC 3464</a> (Delivery status notifications)
<b>SECURITY</b>
The <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>oqmgr</b>(8)</a> daemon is not security sensitive. It reads single-charac-
ter messages from untrusted local users, and thus may be susceptible to
denial of service attacks. The <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>oqmgr</b>(8)</a> daemon does not talk to the
outside world, and it can be run at fixed low privilege in a chrooted
environment.
<b>DIAGNOSTICS</b>
Problems and transactions are logged to the <b>syslogd</b>(8) or <a href="postlogd.8.html"><b>postlogd</b>(8)</a>
daemon. Corrupted message files are saved to the <b>corrupt</b> queue for
further inspection.
Depending on the setting of the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#notify_classes">notify_classes</a></b> parameter, the postmas-
ter is notified of bounces and of other trouble.
<b>BUGS</b>
A single queue manager process has to compete for disk access with mul-
tiple front-end processes such as <a href="cleanup.8.html"><b>cleanup</b>(8)</a>. A sudden burst of inbound
mail can negatively impact outbound delivery rates.
<b>CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS</b>
Changes to <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> are not picked up automatically, as <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>oqmgr</b>(8)</a> is a
persistent process. Use the command "<b>postfix reload</b>" after a configura-
tion change.
The text below provides only a parameter summary. See <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>postconf</b>(5)</a> for
more details including examples.
In the text below, <i>transport</i> is the first field in a <a href="master.5.html"><b>master.cf</b></a> entry.
<b>COMPATIBILITY CONTROLS</b>
Available before Postfix version 2.5:
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#allow_min_user">allow_min_user</a> (no)</b>
Allow a sender or recipient address to have `-' as the first
character.
Available with Postfix version 2.7 and later:
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_filter_nexthop">default_filter_nexthop</a> (empty)</b>
When a <a href="postconf.5.html#content_filter">content_filter</a> or FILTER request specifies no explicit
next-hop destination, use $<a href="postconf.5.html#default_filter_nexthop">default_filter_nexthop</a> instead; when
that value is empty, use the domain in the recipient address.
<b>ACTIVE QUEUE CONTROLS</b>
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#qmgr_clog_warn_time">qmgr_clog_warn_time</a> (300s)</b>
The minimal delay between warnings that a specific destination
is clogging up the Postfix <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#active_queue">active queue</a>.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#qmgr_message_active_limit">qmgr_message_active_limit</a> (20000)</b>
The maximal number of messages in the <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#active_queue">active queue</a>.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#qmgr_message_recipient_limit">qmgr_message_recipient_limit</a> (20000)</b>
The maximal number of recipients held in memory by the Postfix
queue manager, and the maximal size of the short-term, in-memory
"dead" destination status cache.
<b>DELIVERY CONCURRENCY CONTROLS</b>
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#qmgr_fudge_factor">qmgr_fudge_factor</a> (100)</b>
Obsolete feature: the percentage of delivery resources that a
busy mail system will use up for delivery of a large mailing
list message.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#initial_destination_concurrency">initial_destination_concurrency</a> (5)</b>
The initial per-destination concurrency level for parallel
delivery to the same destination.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_limit">default_destination_concurrency_limit</a> (20)</b>
The default maximal number of parallel deliveries to the same
destination.
<b>transport_destination_concurrency_limit ($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_limit">default_destination_concur</a>-</b>
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_limit">rency_limit</a>)</b>
A transport-specific override for the default_destination_con-
currency_limit parameter value, where <i>transport</i> is the <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a>
name of the message delivery transport.
Available in Postfix version 2.5 and later:
<b>transport_initial_destination_concurrency ($<a href="postconf.5.html#initial_destination_concurrency">initial_destination_concur</a>-</b>
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#initial_destination_concurrency">rency</a>)</b>
A transport-specific override for the initial_destination_con-
currency parameter value, where <i>transport</i> is the <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> name
of the message delivery transport.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit">default_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit</a> (1)</b>
How many pseudo-cohorts must suffer connection or handshake
failure before a specific destination is considered unavailable
(and further delivery is suspended).
<b>transport_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit ($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit">default_desti</a>-</b>
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit">nation_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit</a>)</b>
A transport-specific override for the <a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit">default_destination_con</a>-
<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit">currency_failed_cohort_limit</a> parameter value, where <i>transport</i> is
the <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> name of the message delivery transport.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback">default_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback</a> (1)</b>
The per-destination amount of delivery concurrency negative
feedback, after a delivery completes with a connection or hand-
shake failure.
<b>transport_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback ($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback">default_destina</a>-</b>
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback">tion_concurrency_negative_feedback</a>)</b>
A transport-specific override for the default_destination_con-
currency_negative_feedback parameter value, where <i>transport</i> is
the <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> name of the message delivery transport.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback">default_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback</a> (1)</b>
The per-destination amount of delivery concurrency positive
feedback, after a delivery completes without connection or hand-
shake failure.
<b>transport_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback ($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback">default_destina</a>-</b>
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback">tion_concurrency_positive_feedback</a>)</b>
A transport-specific override for the default_destination_con-
currency_positive_feedback parameter value, where <i>transport</i> is
the <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> name of the message delivery transport.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#destination_concurrency_feedback_debug">destination_concurrency_feedback_debug</a> (no)</b>
Make the queue manager's feedback algorithm verbose for perfor-
mance analysis purposes.
<b>RECIPIENT SCHEDULING CONTROLS</b>
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_recipient_limit">default_destination_recipient_limit</a> (50)</b>
The default maximal number of recipients per message delivery.
<b>transport_destination_recipient_limit ($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_recipient_limit">default_destination_recipi</a>-</b>
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_recipient_limit">ent_limit</a>)</b>
A transport-specific override for the <a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_recipient_limit">default_destination_recip</a>-
<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_recipient_limit">ient_limit</a> parameter value, where <i>transport</i> is the <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a>
name of the message delivery transport.
<b>OTHER RESOURCE AND RATE CONTROLS</b>
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#minimal_backoff_time">minimal_backoff_time</a> (300s)</b>
The minimal time between attempts to deliver a deferred message;
prior to Postfix 2.4 the default value was 1000s.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#maximal_backoff_time">maximal_backoff_time</a> (4000s)</b>
The maximal time between attempts to deliver a deferred message.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#maximal_queue_lifetime">maximal_queue_lifetime</a> (5d)</b>
Consider a message as undeliverable, when delivery fails with a
temporary error, and the time in the queue has reached the <a href="postconf.5.html#maximal_queue_lifetime">maxi</a>-
<a href="postconf.5.html#maximal_queue_lifetime">mal_queue_lifetime</a> limit.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#queue_run_delay">queue_run_delay</a> (300s)</b>
The time between <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#deferred_queue">deferred queue</a> scans by the queue manager;
prior to Postfix 2.4 the default value was 1000s.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_retry_time">transport_retry_time</a> (60s)</b>
The time between attempts by the Postfix queue manager to con-
tact a malfunctioning message delivery transport.
Available in Postfix version 2.1 and later:
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#bounce_queue_lifetime">bounce_queue_lifetime</a> (5d)</b>
Consider a bounce message as undeliverable, when delivery fails
with a temporary error, and the time in the queue has reached
the <a href="postconf.5.html#bounce_queue_lifetime">bounce_queue_lifetime</a> limit.
Available in Postfix version 2.5 and later:
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_rate_delay">default_destination_rate_delay</a> (0s)</b>
The default amount of delay that is inserted between individual
message deliveries to the same destination and over the same
message delivery transport.
<b>transport_destination_rate_delay ($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_rate_delay">default_destination_rate_delay</a>)</b>
A transport-specific override for the <a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_rate_delay">default_destina</a>-
<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_rate_delay">tion_rate_delay</a> parameter value, where <i>transport</i> is the <a href="master.5.html">mas-
ter.cf</a> name of the message delivery transport.
Available in Postfix version 3.1 and later:
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_transport_rate_delay">default_transport_rate_delay</a> (0s)</b>
The default amount of delay that is inserted between individual
message deliveries over the same message delivery transport,
regardless of destination.
<b>transport_transport_rate_delay ($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_transport_rate_delay">default_transport_rate_delay</a>)</b>
A transport-specific override for the <a href="postconf.5.html#default_transport_rate_delay">default_trans</a>-
<a href="postconf.5.html#default_transport_rate_delay">port_rate_delay</a> parameter value, where the initial <i>transport</i> in
the parameter name is the <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> name of the message delivery
transport.
<b>SAFETY CONTROLS</b>
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#qmgr_daemon_timeout">qmgr_daemon_timeout</a> (1000s)</b>
How much time a Postfix queue manager process may take to handle
a request before it is terminated by a built-in watchdog timer.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#qmgr_ipc_timeout">qmgr_ipc_timeout</a> (60s)</b>
The time limit for the queue manager to send or receive informa-
tion over an internal communication channel.
Available in Postfix version 3.1 and later:
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#address_verify_pending_request_limit">address_verify_pending_request_limit</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
A safety limit that prevents address verification requests from
overwhelming the Postfix queue.
<b>MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS</b>
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
The default location of the Postfix <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> and <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> con-
figuration files.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#defer_transports">defer_transports</a> (empty)</b>
The names of message delivery transports that should not deliver
mail unless someone issues "<b>sendmail -q</b>" or equivalent.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#delay_logging_resolution_limit">delay_logging_resolution_limit</a> (2)</b>
The maximal number of digits after the decimal point when log-
ging sub-second delay values.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#helpful_warnings">helpful_warnings</a> (yes)</b>
Log warnings about problematic configuration settings, and pro-
vide helpful suggestions.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#process_id">process_id</a> (read-only)</b>
The process ID of a Postfix command or daemon process.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#process_name">process_name</a> (read-only)</b>
The process name of a Postfix command or daemon process.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#queue_directory">queue_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
The location of the Postfix top-level queue directory.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_facility">syslog_facility</a> (mail)</b>
The syslog facility of Postfix logging.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_name">syslog_name</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
A prefix that is prepended to the process name in syslog
records, so that, for example, "smtpd" becomes "prefix/smtpd".
Available in Postfix version 3.0 and later:
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#confirm_delay_cleared">confirm_delay_cleared</a> (no)</b>
After sending a "your message is delayed" notification, inform
the sender when the delay clears up.
Available in Postfix 3.3 and later:
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#service_name">service_name</a> (read-only)</b>
The <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> service name of a Postfix daemon process.
Available in Postfix 3.5 and later:
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#info_log_address_format">info_log_address_format</a> (external)</b>
The email address form that will be used in non-debug logging
(info, warning, etc.).
<b>FILES</b>
/var/spool/postfix/incoming, <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#incoming_queue">incoming queue</a>
/var/spool/postfix/active, <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#active_queue">active queue</a>
/var/spool/postfix/deferred, <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#deferred_queue">deferred queue</a>
/var/spool/postfix/bounce, non-delivery status
/var/spool/postfix/defer, non-delivery status
/var/spool/postfix/trace, delivery status
<b>SEE ALSO</b>
<a href="trivial-rewrite.8.html">trivial-rewrite(8)</a>, address routing
<a href="bounce.8.html">bounce(8)</a>, delivery status reports
<a href="postconf.5.html">postconf(5)</a>, configuration parameters
<a href="master.5.html">master(5)</a>, generic daemon options
<a href="master.8.html">master(8)</a>, process manager
<a href="postlogd.8.html">postlogd(8)</a>, Postfix logging
syslogd(8), system logging
<b>README FILES</b>
<a href="QSHAPE_README.html">QSHAPE_README</a>, Postfix queue analysis
<b>LICENSE</b>
The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.
<b>AUTHOR(S)</b>
Wietse Venema
IBM T.J. Watson Research
P.O. Box 704
Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
Wietse Venema
Google, Inc.
111 8th Avenue
New York, NY 10011, USA
OQMGR(8)
</pre> </body> </html>
|
