summaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/src/postqueue/postqueue.c
blob: 09e5bcaf86bab6465085f38cb2f06990fb6a123a (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
/*++
/* NAME
/*	postqueue 1
/* SUMMARY
/*	Postfix queue control
/* SYNOPSIS
/* .ti -4
/*	\fBTo flush the mail queue\fR:
/*
/*	\fBpostqueue\fR [\fB-v\fR] [\fB-c \fIconfig_dir\fR] \fB-f\fR
/*
/*	\fBpostqueue\fR [\fB-v\fR] [\fB-c \fIconfig_dir\fR] \fB-i \fIqueue_id\fR
/*
/*	\fBpostqueue\fR [\fB-v\fR] [\fB-c \fIconfig_dir\fR] \fB-s \fIsite\fR
/*
/* .ti -4
/*	\fBTo list the mail queue\fR:
/*
/*	\fBpostqueue\fR [\fB-v\fR] [\fB-c \fIconfig_dir\fR] \fB-j\fR
/*
/*	\fBpostqueue\fR [\fB-v\fR] [\fB-c \fIconfig_dir\fR] \fB-p\fR
/* DESCRIPTION
/*	The \fBpostqueue\fR(1) command implements the Postfix user interface
/*	for queue management. It implements operations that are
/*	traditionally available via the \fBsendmail\fR(1) command.
/*	See the \fBpostsuper\fR(1) command for queue operations
/*	that require super-user privileges such as deleting a message
/*	from the queue or changing the status of a message.
/*
/*	The following options are recognized:
/* .IP "\fB-c \fIconfig_dir\fR"
/*	The \fBmain.cf\fR configuration file is in the named directory
/*	instead of the default configuration directory. See also the
/*	MAIL_CONFIG environment setting below.
/* .IP \fB-f\fR
/*	Flush the queue: attempt to deliver all queued mail.
/*
/*	This option implements the traditional "\fBsendmail -q\fR" command,
/*	by contacting the Postfix \fBqmgr\fR(8) daemon.
/*
/*	Warning: flushing undeliverable mail frequently will result in
/*	poor delivery performance of all other mail.
/* .IP "\fB-i \fIqueue_id\fR"
/*	Schedule immediate delivery of deferred mail with the
/*	specified queue ID.
/*
/*	This option implements the traditional \fBsendmail -qI\fR
/*	command, by contacting the \fBflush\fR(8) server.
/*
/*	This feature is available with Postfix version 2.4 and later.
/* .IP "\fB-j\fR"
/*	Produce a queue listing in JSON format, based on output
/*	from the showq(8) daemon.  The result is a stream of zero
/*	or more JSON objects, one per queue file.  Each object is
/*	followed by a newline character to support simple streaming
/*	parsers. See "\fBJSON OBJECT FORMAT\fR" below for details.
/*
/*	This feature is available in Postfix 3.1 and later.
/* .IP \fB-p\fR
/*	Produce a traditional sendmail-style queue listing.
/*	This option implements the traditional \fBmailq\fR command,
/*	by contacting the Postfix \fBshowq\fR(8) daemon.
/*
/*	Each queue entry shows the queue file ID, message
/*	size, arrival time, sender, and the recipients that still need to
/*	be delivered.  If mail could not be delivered upon the last attempt,
/*	the reason for failure is shown. The queue ID string
/*	is followed by an optional status character:
/* .RS
/* .IP \fB*\fR
/*	The message is in the \fBactive\fR queue, i.e. the message is
/*	selected for delivery.
/* .IP \fB!\fR
/*	The message is in the \fBhold\fR queue, i.e. no further delivery
/*	attempt will be made until the mail is taken off hold.
/* .IP \fB#\fR
/*	The message is forced to expire. See the \fBpostsuper\fR(1)
/*	options \fB-e\fR or \fB-f\fR.
/* .sp
/*	This feature is available in Postfix 3.5 and later.
/* .RE
/* .IP "\fB-s \fIsite\fR"
/*	Schedule immediate delivery of all mail that is queued for the named
/*	\fIsite\fR. A numerical site must be specified as a valid RFC 5321
/*	address literal enclosed in [], just like in email addresses.
/*	The site must be eligible for the "fast flush" service.
/*	See \fBflush\fR(8) for more information about the "fast flush"
/*	service.
/*
/*	This option implements the traditional "\fBsendmail -qR\fIsite\fR"
/*	command, by contacting the Postfix \fBflush\fR(8) daemon.
/* .IP \fB-v\fR
/*	Enable verbose logging for debugging purposes. Multiple \fB-v\fR
/*	options make the software increasingly verbose. As of Postfix 2.3,
/*	this option is available for the super-user only.
/* JSON OBJECT FORMAT
/* .ad
/* .fi
/*	Each JSON object represents one queue file; it is emitted
/*	as a single text line followed by a newline character.
/*
/*	Object members have string values unless indicated otherwise.
/*	Programs should ignore object members that are not listed
/*	here; the list of members is expected to grow over time.
/* .IP \fBqueue_name\fR
/*	The name of the queue where the message was found.  Note
/*	that the contents of the mail queue may change while it is
/*	being listed; some messages may appear more than once, and
/*	some messages may be missed.
/* .IP \fBqueue_id\fR
/*	The queue file name. The queue_id may be reused within a
/*	Postfix instance unless "enable_long_queue_ids = true" and
/*	time is monotonic.  Even then, the queue_id is not expected
/*	to be unique between different Postfix instances.  Management
/*	tools that require a unique name should combine the queue_id
/*	with the myhostname setting of the Postfix instance.
/* .IP \fBarrival_time\fR
/*	The number of seconds since the start of the UNIX epoch.
/* .IP \fBmessage_size\fR
/*	The number of bytes in the message header and body. This
/*	number does not include message envelope information. It
/*	is approximately equal to the number of bytes that would
/*	be transmitted via SMTP including the <CR><LF> line endings.
/* .IP \fBforced_expire\fR
/*	The message is forced to expire (\fBtrue\fR or \fBfalse\fR).
/*	See the \fBpostsuper\fR(1) options \fB-e\fR or \fB-f\fR.
/* .sp
/*	This feature is available in Postfix 3.5 and later.
/* .IP \fBsender\fR
/*	The envelope sender address.
/* .IP \fBrecipients\fR
/*	An array containing zero or more objects with members:
/* .RS
/* .IP \fBaddress\fR
/*	One recipient address.
/* .IP \fBdelay_reason\fR
/*	If present, the reason for delayed delivery.  Delayed
/*	recipients may have no delay reason, for example, while
/*	delivery is in progress, or after the system was stopped
/*	before it could record the reason.
/* .RE
/* SECURITY
/* .ad
/* .fi
/*	This program is designed to run with set-group ID privileges, so
/*	that it can connect to Postfix daemon processes.
/* STANDARDS
/*	RFC 7159 (JSON notation)
/* DIAGNOSTICS
/*	Problems are logged to \fBsyslogd\fR(8) or \fBpostlogd\fR(8),
/*	and to the standard error stream.
/* ENVIRONMENT
/* .ad
/* .fi
/* .IP MAIL_CONFIG
/*	Directory with the \fBmain.cf\fR file. In order to avoid exploitation
/*	of set-group ID privileges, a non-standard directory is allowed only
/*	if:
/* .RS
/* .IP \(bu
/*	The name is listed in the standard \fBmain.cf\fR file with the
/*	\fBalternate_config_directories\fR configuration parameter.
/* .IP \(bu
/*	The command is invoked by the super-user.
/* .RE
/* CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS
/* .ad
/* .fi
/*	The following \fBmain.cf\fR parameters are especially relevant to
/*	this program.
/*	The text below provides only a parameter summary. See
/*	\fBpostconf\fR(5) for more details including examples.
/* .IP "\fBalternate_config_directories (empty)\fR"
/*	A list of non-default Postfix configuration directories that may
/*	be specified with "-c config_directory" on the command line (in the
/*	case of \fBsendmail\fR(1), with the "-C" option), or via the MAIL_CONFIG
/*	environment parameter.
/* .IP "\fBconfig_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)\fR"
/*	The default location of the Postfix main.cf and master.cf
/*	configuration files.
/* .IP "\fBcommand_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)\fR"
/*	The location of all postfix administrative commands.
/* .IP "\fBfast_flush_domains ($relay_domains)\fR"
/*	Optional list of destinations that are eligible for per-destination
/*	logfiles with mail that is queued to those destinations.
/* .IP "\fBimport_environment (see 'postconf -d' output)\fR"
/*	The list of environment variables that a privileged Postfix
/*	process will import from a non-Postfix parent process, or name=value
/*	environment overrides.
/* .IP "\fBqueue_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)\fR"
/*	The location of the Postfix top-level queue directory.
/* .IP "\fBsyslog_facility (mail)\fR"
/*	The syslog facility of Postfix logging.
/* .IP "\fBsyslog_name (see 'postconf -d' output)\fR"
/*	A prefix that is prepended to the process name in syslog
/*	records, so that, for example, "smtpd" becomes "prefix/smtpd".
/* .IP "\fBtrigger_timeout (10s)\fR"
/*	The time limit for sending a trigger to a Postfix daemon (for
/*	example, the \fBpickup\fR(8) or \fBqmgr\fR(8) daemon).
/* .PP
/*	Available in Postfix version 2.2 and later:
/* .IP "\fBauthorized_flush_users (static:anyone)\fR"
/*	List of users who are authorized to flush the queue.
/* .IP "\fBauthorized_mailq_users (static:anyone)\fR"
/*	List of users who are authorized to view the queue.
/* FILES
/*	/var/spool/postfix, mail queue
/* SEE ALSO
/*	qmgr(8), queue manager
/*	showq(8), list mail queue
/*	flush(8), fast flush service
/*	sendmail(1), Sendmail-compatible user interface
/*	postsuper(1), privileged queue operations
/*	postlogd(8), Postfix logging
/*	syslogd(8), system logging
/* README FILES
/* .ad
/* .fi
/*	Use "\fBpostconf readme_directory\fR" or
/*	"\fBpostconf html_directory\fR" to locate this information.
/* .na
/* .nf
/*	ETRN_README, Postfix ETRN howto
/* LICENSE
/* .ad
/* .fi
/*	The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.
/* HISTORY
/* .ad
/* .fi
/*	The postqueue command was introduced with Postfix version 1.1.
/* AUTHOR(S)
/*	Wietse Venema
/*	IBM T.J. Watson Research
/*	P.O. Box 704
/*	Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
/*
/*	Wietse Venema
/*	Google, Inc.
/*	111 8th Avenue
/*	New York, NY 10011, USA
/*--*/

/* System library. */

#include <sys_defs.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sysexits.h>
#include <errno.h>

/* Utility library. */

#include <msg.h>
#include <mymalloc.h>
#include <clean_env.h>
#include <vstream.h>
#include <msg_vstream.h>
#include <argv.h>
#include <safe.h>
#include <connect.h>
#include <valid_hostname.h>
#include <warn_stat.h>
#include <events.h>
#include <stringops.h>

/* Global library. */

#include <mail_proto.h>
#include <mail_params.h>
#include <mail_version.h>
#include <mail_conf.h>
#include <mail_task.h>
#include <mail_run.h>
#include <mail_flush.h>
#include <mail_queue.h>
#include <flush_clnt.h>
#include <smtp_stream.h>
#include <user_acl.h>
#include <valid_mailhost_addr.h>
#include <mail_dict.h>
#include <mail_parm_split.h>
#include <maillog_client.h>

/* Application-specific. */

#include <postqueue.h>

 /*
  * WARNING WARNING WARNING
  * 
  * This software is designed to run set-gid. In order to avoid exploitation of
  * privilege, this software should not run any external commands, nor should
  * it take any information from the user, unless that information can be
  * properly sanitized. To get an idea of how much information a process can
  * inherit from a potentially hostile user, examine all the members of the
  * process structure (typically, in /usr/include/sys/proc.h): the current
  * directory, open files, timers, signals, environment, command line, umask,
  * and so on.
  */

 /*
  * Modes of operation.
  * 
  * XXX To support flush by recipient domain, or for destinations that have no
  * mapping to logfile, the server has to defend against resource exhaustion
  * attacks. A malicious user could fork off a postqueue client that starts
  * an expensive requests and then kills the client immediately; this way she
  * could create a high Postfix load on the system without ever exceeding her
  * own per-user process limit. To prevent this, either the server needs to
  * establish frequent proof of client liveliness with challenge/response, or
  * the client needs to restrict expensive requests to privileged users only.
  * 
  * We don't have this problem with queue listings. The showq server detects an
  * EPIPE error after reporting a few queue entries.
  */
#define PQ_MODE_DEFAULT		0	/* noop */
#define PQ_MODE_MAILQ_LIST	1	/* list mail queue */
#define PQ_MODE_FLUSH_QUEUE	2	/* flush queue */
#define PQ_MODE_FLUSH_SITE	3	/* flush site */
#define PQ_MODE_FLUSH_FILE	4	/* flush message */
#define PQ_MODE_JSON_LIST	5	/* JSON-format queue listing */

 /*
  * Silly little macros (SLMs).
  */
#define STR	vstring_str

 /*
  * Queue manipulation access lists.
  */
char   *var_flush_acl;
char   *var_showq_acl;

static const CONFIG_STR_TABLE str_table[] = {
    VAR_FLUSH_ACL, DEF_FLUSH_ACL, &var_flush_acl, 0, 0,
    VAR_SHOWQ_ACL, DEF_SHOWQ_ACL, &var_showq_acl, 0, 0,
    0,
};

/* showq_client - run the appropriate showq protocol client */

static void showq_client(int mode, VSTREAM *showq)
{
    if (attr_scan(showq, ATTR_FLAG_STRICT,
		  RECV_ATTR_STREQ(MAIL_ATTR_PROTO, MAIL_ATTR_PROTO_SHOWQ),
		  ATTR_TYPE_END) != 0)
	msg_fatal_status(EX_SOFTWARE, "malformed showq server response");
    switch (mode) {
    case PQ_MODE_MAILQ_LIST:
	showq_compat(showq);
	break;
    case PQ_MODE_JSON_LIST:
	showq_json(showq);
	break;
    default:
	msg_panic("show_queue: unknown mode %d", mode);
    }
}

/* show_queue - show queue status */

static void show_queue(int mode)
{
    const char *errstr;
    VSTREAM *showq;
    int     n;
    uid_t   uid = getuid();

    if (uid != 0 && uid != var_owner_uid
	&& (errstr = check_user_acl_byuid(VAR_SHOWQ_ACL, var_showq_acl,
					  uid)) != 0)
	msg_fatal_status(EX_NOPERM,
		       "User %s(%ld) is not allowed to view the mail queue",
			 errstr, (long) uid);

    /*
     * Connect to the show queue service.
     */
    if ((showq = mail_connect(MAIL_CLASS_PUBLIC, var_showq_service, BLOCKING)) != 0) {
	showq_client(mode, showq);
	if (vstream_fclose(showq))
	    msg_warn("close: %m");
    }

    /*
     * Don't assume that the mail system is down when the user has
     * insufficient permission to access the showq socket.
     */
    else if (errno == EACCES || errno == EPERM) {
	msg_fatal_status(EX_SOFTWARE,
			 "Connect to the %s %s service: %m",
			 var_mail_name, var_showq_service);
    }

    /*
     * When the mail system is down, the superuser can still access the queue
     * directly. Just run the showq program in stand-alone mode.
     */
    else if (geteuid() == 0) {
	char   *showq_path;
	ARGV   *argv;
	int     stat;

	msg_warn("Mail system is down -- accessing queue directly"
		 " (Connect to the %s %s service: %m)",
		 var_mail_name, var_showq_service);
	showq_path = concatenate(var_daemon_dir, "/", var_showq_service,
				 (char *) 0);
	argv = argv_alloc(6);
	argv_add(argv, showq_path, "-u", "-S", (char *) 0);
	for (n = 0; n < msg_verbose; n++)
	    argv_add(argv, "-v", (char *) 0);
	argv_terminate(argv);
	if ((showq = vstream_popen(O_RDONLY,
				   CA_VSTREAM_POPEN_ARGV(argv->argv),
				   CA_VSTREAM_POPEN_END)) == 0) {
	    stat = -1;
	} else {
	    showq_client(mode, showq);
	    stat = vstream_pclose(showq);
	}
	argv_free(argv);
	myfree(showq_path);
	if (stat != 0)
	    msg_fatal_status(stat < 0 ? EX_OSERR : EX_SOFTWARE,
			     "Error running %s", showq_path);
    }

    /*
     * When the mail system is down, unprivileged users are stuck, because by
     * design the mail system contains no set_uid programs. The only way for
     * an unprivileged user to cross protection boundaries is to talk to the
     * showq daemon.
     */
    else {
	msg_fatal_status(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
			 "Queue report unavailable - mail system is down"
			 " (Connect to the %s %s service: %m)",
			 var_mail_name, var_showq_service);
    }
}

/* flush_queue - force delivery */

static void flush_queue(void)
{
    const char *errstr;
    uid_t   uid = getuid();

    if (uid != 0 && uid != var_owner_uid
	&& (errstr = check_user_acl_byuid(VAR_FLUSH_ACL, var_flush_acl,
					  uid)) != 0)
	msg_fatal_status(EX_NOPERM,
		      "User %s(%ld) is not allowed to flush the mail queue",
			 errstr, (long) uid);

    /*
     * Trigger the flush queue service.
     */
    if (mail_flush_deferred() < 0)
	msg_fatal_status(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
			 "Cannot flush mail queue - mail system is down");
    if (mail_flush_maildrop() < 0)
	msg_fatal_status(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
			 "Cannot flush mail queue - mail system is down");
    event_drain(2);
}

/* flush_site - flush mail for site */

static void flush_site(const char *site)
{
    int     status;
    const char *errstr;
    uid_t   uid = getuid();

    if (uid != 0 && uid != var_owner_uid
	&& (errstr = check_user_acl_byuid(VAR_FLUSH_ACL, var_flush_acl,
					  uid)) != 0)
	msg_fatal_status(EX_NOPERM,
		      "User %s(%ld) is not allowed to flush the mail queue",
			 errstr, (long) uid);

    flush_init();

    switch (status = flush_send_site(site)) {
    case FLUSH_STAT_OK:
	exit(0);
    case FLUSH_STAT_BAD:
	msg_fatal_status(EX_USAGE, "Invalid request: \"%s\"", site);
    case FLUSH_STAT_FAIL:
	msg_fatal_status(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
			 "Cannot flush mail queue - mail system is down");
    case FLUSH_STAT_DENY:
	msg_fatal_status(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
		   "Flush service is not configured for destination \"%s\"",
			 site);
    default:
	msg_fatal_status(EX_SOFTWARE,
			 "Unknown flush server reply status %d", status);
    }
}

/* flush_file - flush mail with specific queue ID */

static void flush_file(const char *queue_id)
{
    int     status;
    const char *errstr;
    uid_t   uid = getuid();

    if (uid != 0 && uid != var_owner_uid
	&& (errstr = check_user_acl_byuid(VAR_FLUSH_ACL, var_flush_acl,
					  uid)) != 0)
	msg_fatal_status(EX_NOPERM,
		      "User %s(%ld) is not allowed to flush the mail queue",
			 errstr, (long) uid);

    switch (status = flush_send_file(queue_id)) {
    case FLUSH_STAT_OK:
	exit(0);
    case FLUSH_STAT_BAD:
	msg_fatal_status(EX_USAGE, "Invalid request: \"%s\"", queue_id);
    case FLUSH_STAT_FAIL:
	msg_fatal_status(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
			 "Cannot flush mail queue - mail system is down");
    default:
	msg_fatal_status(EX_SOFTWARE,
			 "Unexpected flush server reply status %d", status);
    }
}

/* unavailable - sanitize exit status from library run-time errors */

static void unavailable(void)
{
    exit(EX_UNAVAILABLE);
}

/* usage - scream and die */

static NORETURN usage(void)
{
    msg_fatal_status(EX_USAGE, "usage: postqueue -f | postqueue -i queueid | postqueue -j | postqueue -p | postqueue -s site");
}

MAIL_VERSION_STAMP_DECLARE;

/* main - the main program */

int     main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    struct stat st;
    int     c;
    int     fd;
    int     mode = PQ_MODE_DEFAULT;
    char   *site_to_flush = 0;
    char   *id_to_flush = 0;
    ARGV   *import_env;
    int     bad_site;

    /*
     * Fingerprint executables and core dumps.
     */
    MAIL_VERSION_STAMP_ALLOCATE;

    /*
     * Be consistent with file permissions.
     */
    umask(022);

    /*
     * To minimize confusion, make sure that the standard file descriptors
     * are open before opening anything else. XXX Work around for 44BSD where
     * fstat can return EBADF on an open file descriptor.
     */
    for (fd = 0; fd < 3; fd++)
	if (fstat(fd, &st) == -1
	    && (close(fd), open("/dev/null", O_RDWR, 0)) != fd)
	    msg_fatal_status(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "open /dev/null: %m");

    /*
     * Initialize. Set up logging. Read the global configuration file after
     * parsing command-line arguments. Censor the process name: it is
     * provided by the user.
     */
    argv[0] = "postqueue";
    msg_vstream_init(argv[0], VSTREAM_ERR);
    msg_cleanup(unavailable);
    maillog_client_init(mail_task("postqueue"), MAILLOG_CLIENT_FLAG_NONE);
    set_mail_conf_str(VAR_PROCNAME, var_procname = mystrdup(argv[0]));

    /*
     * Check the Postfix library version as soon as we enable logging.
     */
    MAIL_VERSION_CHECK;

    /*
     * Parse JCL. This program is set-gid and must sanitize all command-line
     * parameters. The configuration directory argument is validated by the
     * mail configuration read routine. Don't do complex things until we have
     * completed initializations.
     */
    while ((c = GETOPT(argc, argv, "c:fi:jps:v")) > 0) {
	switch (c) {
	case 'c':				/* non-default configuration */
	    if (setenv(CONF_ENV_PATH, optarg, 1) < 0)
		msg_fatal_status(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "out of memory");
	    break;
	case 'f':				/* flush queue */
	    if (mode != PQ_MODE_DEFAULT)
		usage();
	    mode = PQ_MODE_FLUSH_QUEUE;
	    break;
	case 'i':				/* flush queue file */
	    if (mode != PQ_MODE_DEFAULT)
		usage();
	    mode = PQ_MODE_FLUSH_FILE;
	    id_to_flush = optarg;
	    break;
	case 'j':
	    if (mode != PQ_MODE_DEFAULT)
		usage();
	    mode = PQ_MODE_JSON_LIST;
	    break;
	case 'p':				/* traditional mailq */
	    if (mode != PQ_MODE_DEFAULT)
		usage();
	    mode = PQ_MODE_MAILQ_LIST;
	    break;
	case 's':				/* flush site */
	    if (mode != PQ_MODE_DEFAULT)
		usage();
	    mode = PQ_MODE_FLUSH_SITE;
	    site_to_flush = optarg;
	    break;
	case 'v':
	    if (geteuid() == 0)
		msg_verbose++;
	    break;
	default:
	    usage();
	}
    }
    if (argc > optind)
	usage();

    /*
     * Further initialization...
     */
    mail_conf_read();
    /* Re-evaluate mail_task() after reading main.cf. */
    maillog_client_init(mail_task("postqueue"), MAILLOG_CLIENT_FLAG_NONE);
    mail_dict_init();				/* proxy, sql, ldap */
    get_mail_conf_str_table(str_table);

    /*
     * This program is designed to be set-gid, which makes it a potential
     * target for attack. Strip and optionally override the process
     * environment so that we don't have to trust the C library.
     */
    import_env = mail_parm_split(VAR_IMPORT_ENVIRON, var_import_environ);
    clean_env(import_env->argv);
    argv_free(import_env);

    if (chdir(var_queue_dir))
	msg_fatal_status(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "chdir %s: %m", var_queue_dir);

    signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);

    /* End of initializations. */

    /*
     * Further input validation.
     */
    if (site_to_flush != 0) {
	bad_site = 0;
	if (*site_to_flush == '[') {
	    bad_site = !valid_mailhost_literal(site_to_flush, DONT_GRIPE);
	} else {
	    bad_site = !valid_hostname(site_to_flush, DONT_GRIPE);
	}
	if (bad_site)
	    msg_fatal_status(EX_USAGE,
	      "Cannot flush mail queue - invalid destination: \"%.100s%s\"",
		   site_to_flush, strlen(site_to_flush) > 100 ? "..." : "");
    }
    if (id_to_flush != 0) {
	if (!mail_queue_id_ok(id_to_flush))
	    msg_fatal_status(EX_USAGE,
		       "Cannot flush queue ID - invalid name: \"%.100s%s\"",
		       id_to_flush, strlen(id_to_flush) > 100 ? "..." : "");
    }

    /*
     * Start processing.
     */
    switch (mode) {
    default:
	msg_panic("unknown operation mode: %d", mode);
	/* NOTREACHED */
    case PQ_MODE_MAILQ_LIST:
    case PQ_MODE_JSON_LIST:
	show_queue(mode);
	exit(0);
	break;
    case PQ_MODE_FLUSH_SITE:
	flush_site(site_to_flush);
	exit(0);
	break;
    case PQ_MODE_FLUSH_FILE:
	flush_file(id_to_flush);
	exit(0);
	break;
    case PQ_MODE_FLUSH_QUEUE:
	flush_queue();
	exit(0);
	break;
    case PQ_MODE_DEFAULT:
	usage();
	/* NOTREACHED */
    }
}