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diff --git a/docs/manual/mod/mod_privileges.html.en b/docs/manual/mod/mod_privileges.html.en new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a19a758 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/mod/mod_privileges.html.en @@ -0,0 +1,427 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head> +<meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" /> +<!-- + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + --> +<title>mod_privileges - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</title> +<link href="../style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> +<link href="../style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> +<link href="../style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../style/css/prettify.css" /> +<script src="../style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript"> +</script> + +<link href="../images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> +<body> +<div id="page-header"> +<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p> +<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</p> +<img alt="" src="../images/feather.png" /></div> +<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div> +<div id="path"> +<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.4</a> > <a href="./">Modules</a></div> +<div id="page-content"> +<div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_privileges</h1> +<div class="toplang"> +<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_privileges.html" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="../fr/mod/mod_privileges.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a></p> +</div> +<table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Support for Solaris privileges and for running virtual hosts +under different user IDs.</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>privileges_module</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>mod_privileges.c</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.3 and up, on Solaris 10 and +OpenSolaris platforms</td></tr></table> +<h3>Summary</h3> + +<p>This module enables different Virtual Hosts to run with different +Unix <var>User</var> and <var>Group</var> IDs, and with different +<a href="http://sosc-dr.sun.com/bigadmin/features/articles/least_privilege.jsp">Solaris Privileges</a>. In particular, it offers a solution to the +problem of privilege separation between different Virtual Hosts, first +promised by the abandoned perchild MPM. It also offers other security +enhancements.</p> + +<p>Unlike perchild, <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_privileges.html">mod_privileges</a></code> +is not itself an MPM. It works <em>within</em> a processing model to +set privileges and User/Group <em>per request</em> in a running process. +It is therefore not compatible with a threaded MPM, and will refuse +to run under one.</p> + +<p><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_privileges.html">mod_privileges</a></code> raises security issues similar to +those of <a href="../suexec.html">suexec</a>. But unlike suexec, +it applies not only to CGI programs but to the entire request processing +cycle, including in-process applications and subprocesses. +It is ideally suited to running PHP applications under <strong>mod_php</strong>, +which is also incompatible with threaded MPMs. It is also well-suited +to other in-process scripting applications such as <strong>mod_perl</strong>, +<strong>mod_python</strong>, and <strong>mod_ruby</strong>, and to +applications implemented in C as apache modules where privilege +separation is an issue.</p> + +</div> +<div id="quickview"><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/contributing.html" class="badge"><img src="https://www.apache.org/images/SupportApache-small.png" alt="Support Apache!" /></a><h3>Topics</h3> +<ul id="topics"> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#security">Security Considerations</a></li> +</ul><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3> +<ul id="toc"> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#dtraceprivileges">DTracePrivileges</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#privilegesmode">PrivilegesMode</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#vhostcgimode">VHostCGIMode</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#vhostcgiprivs">VHostCGIPrivs</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#vhostgroup">VHostGroup</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#vhostprivs">VHostPrivs</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#vhostsecure">VHostSecure</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#vhostuser">VHostUser</a></li> +</ul> +<h3>Bugfix checklist</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/CHANGES_2.4">httpd changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/buglist.cgi?bug_status=__open__&list_id=144532&product=Apache%20httpd-2&query_format=specific&order=changeddate%20DESC%2Cpriority%2Cbug_severity&component=mod_privileges">Known issues</a></li><li><a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/enter_bug.cgi?product=Apache%20httpd-2&component=mod_privileges">Report a bug</a></li></ul><h3>See also</h3> +<ul class="seealso"> +<li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div> +<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="security" id="security">Security Considerations</a></h2> + +<p><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_privileges.html">mod_privileges</a></code> introduces new security concerns +in situations where <strong>untrusted code</strong> may be run +<strong>within the webserver process</strong>. This applies to +untrusted modules, and scripts running under modules such as +mod_php or mod_perl. Scripts running externally (e.g. as CGI +or in an appserver behind mod_proxy or mod_jk) are NOT affected.</p> + +<p>The basic security concerns with mod_privileges are:</p> +<ul><li>Running as a system user introduces the same security issues + as mod_suexec, and near-equivalents such as cgiwrap and suphp.</li> +<li>A privileges-aware malicious user extension (module or script) + could escalate its privileges to anything available to the + httpd process in any virtual host. This introduces new risks + if (and only if) mod_privileges is compiled with the + <var>BIG_SECURITY_HOLE</var> option.</li> +<li>A privileges-aware malicious user extension (module or script) + could escalate privileges to set its user ID to another system + user (and/or group).</li> +</ul> + +<p>The <code class="directive">PrivilegesMode</code> directive allows you to +select either <var>FAST</var> or <var>SECURE</var> mode. You can +mix modes, using <var>FAST</var> mode for trusted users and +fully-audited code paths, while imposing SECURE mode where an +untrusted user has scope to introduce code.</p> +<p>Before describing the modes, we should also introduce the target +use cases: Benign vs Hostile. In a benign situation, you want to +separate users for their convenience, and protect them and the server +against the risks posed by honest mistakes, but you trust your users +are not deliberately subverting system security. In a hostile +situation - e.g. commercial hosting - you may have users deliberately +attacking the system or each other.</p> +<dl> +<dt>FAST mode</dt> +<dd>In <var>FAST</var> mode, requests are run in-process with the +selected uid/gid and privileges, so the overhead is negligible. +This is suitable for benign situations, but is not secure against an +attacker escalating privileges with an in-process module or script.</dd> +<dt>SECURE mode</dt> +<dd>A request in <var>SECURE</var> mode forks a subprocess, which +then drops privileges. This is a very similar case to running CGI +with suexec, but for the entire request cycle, and with the benefit +of fine-grained control of privileges.</dd> +</dl> +<p>You can select different <code class="directive">PrivilegesMode</code>s for +each virtual host, and even in a directory context within a virtual +host. <var>FAST</var> mode is appropriate where the user(s) are +trusted and/or have no privilege to load in-process code. +<var>SECURE</var> mode is appropriate to cases where untrusted code +might be run in-process. However, even in <var>SECURE</var> mode, +there is no protection against a malicious user who is able to +introduce privileges-aware code running <em>before the start of the +request-processing cycle.</em></p> + +</div> +<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="DTracePrivileges" id="DTracePrivileges">DTracePrivileges</a> <a name="dtraceprivileges" id="dtraceprivileges">Directive</a></h2> +<table class="directive"> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Determines whether the privileges required by dtrace are enabled.</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>DTracePrivileges On|Off</code></td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>DTracePrivileges Off</code></td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_privileges</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available on Solaris 10 and OpenSolaris with +non-threaded MPMs (<code class="module"><a href="../mod/prefork.html">prefork</a></code> or custom MPM).</td></tr> +</table> + <p>This server-wide directive determines whether Apache will run with + the <a href="http://sosc-dr.sun.com/bigadmin/features/articles/least_privilege.jsp">privileges</a> required to run + <a href="http://sosc-dr.sun.com/bigadmin/content/dtrace/">dtrace</a>. + Note that <var>DTracePrivileges On</var> will not in itself + activate DTrace, but <var>DTracePrivileges Off</var> will prevent + it working.</p> + +</div> +<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="PrivilegesMode" id="PrivilegesMode">PrivilegesMode</a> <a name="privilegesmode" id="privilegesmode">Directive</a></h2> +<table class="directive"> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Trade off processing speed and efficiency vs security against +malicious privileges-aware code.</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>PrivilegesMode FAST|SECURE|SELECTIVE</code></td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>PrivilegesMode FAST</code></td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_privileges</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available on Solaris 10 and OpenSolaris with +non-threaded MPMs (<code class="module"><a href="../mod/prefork.html">prefork</a></code> or custom MPM).</td></tr> +</table><p>This directive trades off performance vs security against +malicious, privileges-aware code. In <var>SECURE</var> mode, each request +runs in a secure subprocess, incurring a substantial performance penalty. +In <var>FAST</var> mode, the server is not protected against escalation +of privileges as discussed above.</p> +<p>This directive differs slightly between a <code><Directory></code> + context (including equivalents such as Location/Files/If) and a + top-level or <code><VirtualHost></code>.</p> +<p>At top-level, it sets a default that will be inherited by virtualhosts. + In a virtual host, FAST or SECURE mode acts on the entire + HTTP request, and any settings in a <code><Directory></code> + context will be <strong>ignored</strong>. A third pseudo-mode + SELECTIVE defers the choice of FAST vs SECURE to directives in a + <code><Directory></code> context.</p> +<p>In a <code><Directory></code> context, it is applicable only + where SELECTIVE mode was set for the VirtualHost. Only + FAST or SECURE can be set in this context (SELECTIVE would be +meaningless).</p> +<div class="warning"><h3>Warning</h3> + Where SELECTIVE mode is selected for a virtual host, the activation + of privileges must be deferred until <em>after</em> the mapping + phase of request processing has determined what + <code><Directory></code> context applies to the request. + This might give an attacker opportunities to introduce + code through a <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritemap">RewriteMap</a></code> + running at top-level or <code><VirtualHost></code> context + <em>before</em> privileges have been dropped and userid/gid set. +</div> + +</div> +<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="VHostCGIMode" id="VHostCGIMode">VHostCGIMode</a> <a name="vhostcgimode" id="vhostcgimode">Directive</a></h2> +<table class="directive"> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Determines whether the virtualhost can run +subprocesses, and the privileges available to subprocesses.</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>VHostCGIMode On|Off|Secure</code></td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>VHostCGIMode On</code></td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>virtual host</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_privileges</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available on Solaris 10 and OpenSolaris with +non-threaded MPMs (<code class="module"><a href="../mod/prefork.html">prefork</a></code> or custom MPM).</td></tr> +</table> + <p>Determines whether the virtual host is allowed to run fork and exec, + the <a href="http://sosc-dr.sun.com/bigadmin/features/articles/least_privilege.jsp">privileges</a> required to run subprocesses. If this is set to + <var>Off</var> the virtualhost is denied the privileges and will not + be able to run traditional CGI programs or scripts under the traditional + <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_cgi.html">mod_cgi</a></code>, nor similar external programs such as those + created by <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ext_filter.html">mod_ext_filter</a></code> or + <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritemap">RewriteMap</a></code> <var>prog</var>. + Note that it does not prevent CGI programs running under alternative + process and security models such as <a href="https://httpd.apache.org/mod_fcgid/">mod_fcgid</a>, which is a recommended solution in Solaris.</p> + <p>If set to <var>On</var> or <var>Secure</var>, the virtual host + is permitted to run external programs and scripts as above. + Setting <code class="directive">VHostCGIMode</code> <var>Secure</var> has + the effect of denying privileges to the subprocesses, as described + for <code class="directive">VHostSecure</code>.</p> + +</div> +<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="VHostCGIPrivs" id="VHostCGIPrivs">VHostCGIPrivs</a> <a name="vhostcgiprivs" id="vhostcgiprivs">Directive</a></h2> +<table class="directive"> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Assign arbitrary privileges to subprocesses created +by a virtual host.</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>VHostCGIPrivs [+-]?<var>privilege-name</var> [[+-]?privilege-name] ...</code></td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>None</code></td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>virtual host</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_privileges</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available on Solaris 10 and OpenSolaris with +non-threaded MPMs (<code class="module"><a href="../mod/prefork.html">prefork</a></code> or custom MPM) +and when <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_privileges.html">mod_privileges</a></code> is compiled with the +<var>BIG_SECURITY_HOLE</var> compile-time option.</td></tr> +</table> + <p><code class="directive">VHostCGIPrivs</code> can be used to assign arbitrary <a href="http://sosc-dr.sun.com/bigadmin/features/articles/least_privilege.jsp">privileges</a> to subprocesses created by a virtual host, as discussed + under <code class="directive">VHostCGIMode</code>. Each <var>privilege-name</var> + is the name of a Solaris privilege, such as <var>file_setid</var> + or <var>sys_nfs</var>.</p> + + <p>A <var>privilege-name</var> may optionally be prefixed by + + or -, which will respectively allow or deny a privilege. + If used with neither + nor -, all privileges otherwise assigned + to the virtualhost will be denied. You can use this to override + any of the default sets and construct your own privilege set.</p> + + <div class="warning"><h3>Security</h3> + <p>This directive can open huge security holes in apache subprocesses, + up to and including running them with root-level powers. Do not + use it unless you fully understand what you are doing!</p></div> + +</div> +<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="VHostGroup" id="VHostGroup">VHostGroup</a> <a name="vhostgroup" id="vhostgroup">Directive</a></h2> +<table class="directive"> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Sets the Group ID under which a virtual host runs.</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>VHostGroup <var>unix-groupid</var></code></td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>Inherits the group id specified in +<code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_unixd.html#group">Group</a></code></code></td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>virtual host</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_privileges</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available on Solaris 10 and OpenSolaris with +non-threaded MPMs (<code class="module"><a href="../mod/prefork.html">prefork</a></code> or custom MPM).</td></tr> +</table> + <p>The <code class="directive">VHostGroup</code> directive sets the Unix group + under which the server will process requests to a virtualhost. + The group is set before the request is processed and reset afterwards + using <a href="http://sosc-dr.sun.com/bigadmin/features/articles/least_privilege.jsp">Solaris Privileges</a>. Since the setting applies to the + <em>process</em>, this is not compatible with threaded MPMs.</p> + <p><var>Unix-group</var> is one of:</p> + <dl> + <dt>A group name</dt> + <dd>Refers to the given group by name.</dd> + + <dt><code>#</code> followed by a group number.</dt> + <dd>Refers to a group by its number.</dd> + </dl> + + <div class="warning"><h3>Security</h3> + <p>This directive cannot be used to run apache as root! + Nevertheless, it opens potential security issues similar to + those discussed in the <a href="../suexec.html">suexec</a> + documentation.</p></div> + +<h3>See also</h3> +<ul> +<li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_unixd.html#group">Group</a></code></li> +<li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_suexec.html#suexecusergroup">SuexecUserGroup</a></code></li> +</ul> +</div> +<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="VHostPrivs" id="VHostPrivs">VHostPrivs</a> <a name="vhostprivs" id="vhostprivs">Directive</a></h2> +<table class="directive"> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Assign arbitrary privileges to a virtual host.</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>VHostPrivs [+-]?<var>privilege-name</var> [[+-]?privilege-name] ...</code></td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>None</code></td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>virtual host</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_privileges</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available on Solaris 10 and OpenSolaris with +non-threaded MPMs (<code class="module"><a href="../mod/prefork.html">prefork</a></code> or custom MPM) +and when <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_privileges.html">mod_privileges</a></code> is compiled with the +<var>BIG_SECURITY_HOLE</var> compile-time option.</td></tr> +</table> + <p><code class="directive">VHostPrivs</code> can be used to assign arbitrary <a href="http://sosc-dr.sun.com/bigadmin/features/articles/least_privilege.jsp">privileges</a> to a virtual host. Each <var>privilege-name</var> + is the name of a Solaris privilege, such as <var>file_setid</var> + or <var>sys_nfs</var>.</p> + + <p>A <var>privilege-name</var> may optionally be prefixed by + + or -, which will respectively allow or deny a privilege. + If used with neither + nor -, all privileges otherwise assigned + to the virtualhost will be denied. You can use this to override + any of the default sets and construct your own privilege set.</p> + + <div class="warning"><h3>Security</h3> + <p>This directive can open huge security holes in apache, up to + and including running requests with root-level powers. Do not + use it unless you fully understand what you are doing!</p></div> + +</div> +<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="VHostSecure" id="VHostSecure">VHostSecure</a> <a name="vhostsecure" id="vhostsecure">Directive</a></h2> +<table class="directive"> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Determines whether the server runs with enhanced security +for the virtualhost.</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>VHostSecure On|Off</code></td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>VHostSecure On</code></td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>virtual host</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_privileges</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available on Solaris 10 and OpenSolaris with +non-threaded MPMs (<code class="module"><a href="../mod/prefork.html">prefork</a></code> or custom MPM).</td></tr> +</table> + <p>Determines whether the virtual host processes requests with + security enhanced by removal of <a href="http://sosc-dr.sun.com/bigadmin/features/articles/least_privilege.jsp">Privileges</a> that are rarely needed in a webserver, but which are + available by default to a normal Unix user and may therefore + be required by modules and applications. It is recommended that + you retain the default (On) unless it prevents an application running. + Since the setting applies to the <em>process</em>, this is not + compatible with threaded MPMs.</p> + <div class="note"><h3>Note</h3> + <p>If <code class="directive">VHostSecure</code> prevents an application + running, this may be a warning sign that the application should be + reviewed for security.</p></div> + +</div> +<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="VHostUser" id="VHostUser">VHostUser</a> <a name="vhostuser" id="vhostuser">Directive</a></h2> +<table class="directive"> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Sets the User ID under which a virtual host runs.</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>VHostUser <var>unix-userid</var></code></td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>Inherits the userid specified in +<code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_unixd.html#user">User</a></code></code></td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>virtual host</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_privileges</td></tr> +<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available on Solaris 10 and OpenSolaris with +non-threaded MPMs (<code class="module"><a href="../mod/prefork.html">prefork</a></code> or custom MPM).</td></tr> +</table> + <p>The <code class="directive">VHostUser</code> directive sets the Unix userid + under which the server will process requests to a virtualhost. + The userid is set before the request is processed and reset afterwards + using <a href="http://sosc-dr.sun.com/bigadmin/features/articles/least_privilege.jsp">Solaris Privileges</a>. Since the setting applies to the + <em>process</em>, this is not compatible with threaded MPMs.</p> + <p><var>Unix-userid</var> is one of:</p> + <dl> + <dt>A username</dt> + <dd>Refers to the given user by name.</dd> + + <dt><code>#</code> followed by a user number.</dt> + <dd>Refers to a user by its number.</dd> + </dl> + + <div class="warning"><h3>Security</h3> + <p>This directive cannot be used to run apache as root! + Nevertheless, it opens potential security issues similar to + those discussed in the <a href="../suexec.html">suexec</a> + documentation.</p></div> + +<h3>See also</h3> +<ul> +<li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_unixd.html#user">User</a></code></li> +<li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_suexec.html#suexecusergroup">SuexecUserGroup</a></code></li> +</ul> +</div> +</div> +<div class="bottomlang"> +<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_privileges.html" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="../fr/mod/mod_privileges.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a></p> +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. 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