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+<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</p>
+<img alt="" src="../images/feather.png" /></div>
+<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="&lt;-" alt="&lt;-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div>
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+<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> &gt; <a href="../">Version 2.4</a> &gt; <a href="./">Modules</a></div>
+<div id="page-content">
+<div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_session_dbd</h1>
+<div class="toplang">
+<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_session_dbd.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="../fr/mod/mod_session_dbd.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français">&nbsp;fr&nbsp;</a></p>
+</div>
+<table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>DBD/SQL based session support</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>session_dbd_module</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd.c</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.3 and later</td></tr></table>
+<h3>Summary</h3>
+
+ <div class="warning"><h3>Warning</h3>
+ <p>The session modules make use of HTTP cookies, and as such can fall
+ victim to Cross Site Scripting attacks, or expose potentially private
+ information to clients. Please ensure that the relevant risks have
+ been taken into account before enabling the session functionality on
+ your server.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <p>This submodule of <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_session.html">mod_session</a></code> provides support for the
+ storage of user sessions within a SQL database using the
+ <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_dbd.html">mod_dbd</a></code> module.</p>
+
+ <p>Sessions can either be <strong>anonymous</strong>, where the session is
+ keyed by a unique UUID string stored on the browser in a cookie, or
+ <strong>per user</strong>, where the session is keyed against the userid of
+ the logged in user.</p>
+
+ <p>SQL based sessions are hidden from the browser, and so offer a measure of
+ privacy without the need for encryption.</p>
+
+ <p>Different webservers within a server farm may choose to share a database,
+ and so share sessions with one another.</p>
+
+ <p>For more details on the session interface, see the documentation for
+ the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_session.html">mod_session</a></code> module.</p>
+
+</div>
+<div id="quickview"><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/contributing.html" class="badge"><img src="https://www.apache.org/images/SupportApache-small.png" alt="Support Apache!" /></a><h3>Topics</h3>
+<ul id="topics">
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#dbdconfig">DBD Configuration</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#anonymous">Anonymous Sessions</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#peruser">Per User Sessions</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#housekeeping">Database Housekeeping</a></li>
+</ul><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
+<ul id="toc">
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#sessiondbdcookiename">SessionDBDCookieName</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#sessiondbdcookiename2">SessionDBDCookieName2</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#sessiondbdcookieremove">SessionDBDCookieRemove</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#sessiondbddeletelabel">SessionDBDDeleteLabel</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#sessiondbdinsertlabel">SessionDBDInsertLabel</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#sessiondbdperuser">SessionDBDPerUser</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#sessiondbdselectlabel">SessionDBDSelectLabel</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#sessiondbdupdatelabel">SessionDBDUpdateLabel</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h3>Bugfix checklist</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/CHANGES_2.4">httpd changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/buglist.cgi?bug_status=__open__&amp;list_id=144532&amp;product=Apache%20httpd-2&amp;query_format=specific&amp;order=changeddate%20DESC%2Cpriority%2Cbug_severity&amp;component=mod_session_dbd">Known issues</a></li><li><a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/enter_bug.cgi?product=Apache%20httpd-2&amp;component=mod_session_dbd">Report a bug</a></li></ul><h3>See also</h3>
+<ul class="seealso">
+<li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_session.html">mod_session</a></code></li>
+<li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_session_crypto.html">mod_session_crypto</a></code></li>
+<li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_session_cookie.html">mod_session_cookie</a></code></li>
+<li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_dbd.html">mod_dbd</a></code></li>
+<li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="dbdconfig" id="dbdconfig">DBD Configuration</a></h2>
+
+ <p>Before the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_session_dbd.html">mod_session_dbd</a></code> module can be configured to maintain a
+ session, the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_dbd.html">mod_dbd</a></code> module must be configured to make the various database queries
+ available to the server.</p>
+
+ <p>There are four queries required to keep a session maintained, to select an existing session,
+ to update an existing session, to insert a new session, and to delete an expired or empty
+ session. These queries are configured as per the example below.</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>Sample DBD configuration</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">DBDriver pgsql
+DBDParams "dbname=apachesession user=apache password=xxxxx host=localhost"
+DBDPrepareSQL "delete from session where key = %s" deletesession
+DBDPrepareSQL "update session set value = %s, expiry = %lld, key = %s where key = %s" updatesession
+DBDPrepareSQL "insert into session (value, expiry, key) values (%s, %lld, %s)" insertsession
+DBDPrepareSQL "select value from session where key = %s and (expiry = 0 or expiry &gt; %lld)" selectsession
+DBDPrepareSQL "delete from session where expiry != 0 and expiry &lt; %lld" cleansession</pre>
+</div>
+
+ </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="anonymous" id="anonymous">Anonymous Sessions</a></h2>
+
+ <p>Anonymous sessions are keyed against a unique UUID, and stored on the
+ browser within an HTTP cookie. This method is similar to that used by most
+ application servers to store session information.</p>
+
+ <p>To create a simple anonymous session and store it in a postgres database
+ table called <var>apachesession</var>, and save the session ID in a cookie
+ called <var>session</var>, configure the session as follows:</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>SQL based anonymous session</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Session On
+SessionDBDCookieName session path=/</pre>
+</div>
+
+ <p>For more examples on how the session can be configured to be read
+ from and written to by a CGI application, see the
+ <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_session.html">mod_session</a></code> examples section.</p>
+
+ <p>For documentation on how the session can be used to store username
+ and password details, see the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_auth_form.html">mod_auth_form</a></code> module.</p>
+
+ </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="peruser" id="peruser">Per User Sessions</a></h2>
+
+ <p>Per user sessions are keyed against the username of a successfully
+ authenticated user. It offers the most privacy, as no external handle
+ to the session exists outside of the authenticated realm.</p>
+
+ <p>Per user sessions work within a correctly configured authenticated
+ environment, be that using basic authentication, digest authentication
+ or SSL client certificates. Due to the limitations of who came first,
+ the chicken or the egg, per user sessions cannot be used to store
+ authentication credentials from a module like
+ <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_auth_form.html">mod_auth_form</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>To create a simple per user session and store it in a postgres database
+ table called <var>apachesession</var>, and with the session keyed to the
+ userid, configure the session as follows:</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>SQL based per user session</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Session On
+SessionDBDPerUser On</pre>
+</div>
+
+ </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="housekeeping" id="housekeeping">Database Housekeeping</a></h2>
+ <p>Over the course of time, the database can be expected to start accumulating
+ expired sessions. At this point, the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_session_dbd.html">mod_session_dbd</a></code> module
+ is not yet able to handle session expiry automatically.</p>
+
+ <div class="warning"><h3>Warning</h3>
+ <p>The administrator will need to set up an external process via cron to clean
+ out expired sessions.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ </div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="SessionDBDCookieName" id="SessionDBDCookieName">SessionDBDCookieName</a> <a name="sessiondbdcookiename" id="sessiondbdcookiename">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Name and attributes for the RFC2109 cookie storing the session ID</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDCookieName <var>name</var> <var>attributes</var></code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>none</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd</td></tr>
+</table>
+ <p>The <code class="directive">SessionDBDCookieName</code> directive specifies the name and
+ optional attributes of an RFC2109 compliant cookie inside which the session ID will
+ be stored. RFC2109 cookies are set using the <code>Set-Cookie</code> HTTP header.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>An optional list of cookie attributes can be specified, as per the example below.
+ These attributes are inserted into the cookie as is, and are not interpreted by
+ Apache. Ensure that your attributes are defined correctly as per the cookie specification.
+ </p>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>Cookie with attributes</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Session On
+SessionDBDCookieName session path=/private;domain=example.com;httponly;secure;version=1;</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="SessionDBDCookieName2" id="SessionDBDCookieName2">SessionDBDCookieName2</a> <a name="sessiondbdcookiename2" id="sessiondbdcookiename2">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Name and attributes for the RFC2965 cookie storing the session ID</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDCookieName2 <var>name</var> <var>attributes</var></code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>none</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd</td></tr>
+</table>
+ <p>The <code class="directive">SessionDBDCookieName2</code> directive specifies the name and
+ optional attributes of an RFC2965 compliant cookie inside which the session ID will
+ be stored. RFC2965 cookies are set using the <code>Set-Cookie2</code> HTTP header.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>An optional list of cookie attributes can be specified, as per the example below.
+ These attributes are inserted into the cookie as is, and are not interpreted by
+ Apache. Ensure that your attributes are defined correctly as per the cookie specification.
+ </p>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>Cookie2 with attributes</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Session On
+SessionDBDCookieName2 session path=/private;domain=example.com;httponly;secure;version=1;</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="SessionDBDCookieRemove" id="SessionDBDCookieRemove">SessionDBDCookieRemove</a> <a name="sessiondbdcookieremove" id="sessiondbdcookieremove">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Control for whether session ID cookies should be removed from incoming HTTP headers</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDCookieRemove On|Off</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDCookieRemove On</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd</td></tr>
+</table>
+ <p>The <code class="directive">SessionDBDCookieRemove</code> flag controls whether the cookies
+ containing the session ID will be removed from the headers during request processing.</p>
+
+ <p>In a reverse proxy situation where the Apache server acts as a server frontend for
+ a backend origin server, revealing the contents of the session ID cookie to the backend
+ could be a potential privacy violation. When set to on, the session ID cookie will be
+ removed from the incoming HTTP headers.</p>
+
+
+</div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="SessionDBDDeleteLabel" id="SessionDBDDeleteLabel">SessionDBDDeleteLabel</a> <a name="sessiondbddeletelabel" id="sessiondbddeletelabel">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>The SQL query to use to remove sessions from the database</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDDeleteLabel <var>label</var></code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDDeleteLabel deletesession</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd</td></tr>
+</table>
+ <p>The <code class="directive">SessionDBDDeleteLabel</code> directive sets the default delete
+ query label to be used to delete an expired or empty session. This label must have been previously
+ defined using the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_dbd.html#dbdpreparesql">DBDPrepareSQL</a></code> directive.</p>
+
+
+</div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="SessionDBDInsertLabel" id="SessionDBDInsertLabel">SessionDBDInsertLabel</a> <a name="sessiondbdinsertlabel" id="sessiondbdinsertlabel">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>The SQL query to use to insert sessions into the database</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDInsertLabel <var>label</var></code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDInsertLabel insertsession</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd</td></tr>
+</table>
+ <p>The <code class="directive">SessionDBDInsertLabel</code> directive sets the default insert
+ query label to be used to load in a session. This label must have been previously defined using the
+ <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_dbd.html#dbdpreparesql">DBDPrepareSQL</a></code> directive.</p>
+
+ <p>If an attempt to update the session affects no rows, this query will be called to insert the
+ session into the database.</p>
+
+
+</div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="SessionDBDPerUser" id="SessionDBDPerUser">SessionDBDPerUser</a> <a name="sessiondbdperuser" id="sessiondbdperuser">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Enable a per user session</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDPerUser On|Off</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDPerUser Off</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd</td></tr>
+</table>
+ <p>The <code class="directive">SessionDBDPerUser</code> flag enables a per user session keyed
+ against the user's login name. If the user is not logged in, this directive will be
+ ignored.</p>
+
+
+</div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="SessionDBDSelectLabel" id="SessionDBDSelectLabel">SessionDBDSelectLabel</a> <a name="sessiondbdselectlabel" id="sessiondbdselectlabel">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>The SQL query to use to select sessions from the database</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDSelectLabel <var>label</var></code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDSelectLabel selectsession</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd</td></tr>
+</table>
+ <p>The <code class="directive">SessionDBDSelectLabel</code> directive sets the default select
+ query label to be used to load in a session. This label must have been previously defined using the
+ <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_dbd.html#dbdpreparesql">DBDPrepareSQL</a></code> directive.</p>
+
+
+</div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="SessionDBDUpdateLabel" id="SessionDBDUpdateLabel">SessionDBDUpdateLabel</a> <a name="sessiondbdupdatelabel" id="sessiondbdupdatelabel">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>The SQL query to use to update existing sessions in the database</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDUpdateLabel <var>label</var></code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDUpdateLabel updatesession</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd</td></tr>
+</table>
+ <p>The <code class="directive">SessionDBDUpdateLabel</code> directive sets the default update
+ query label to be used to load in a session. This label must have been previously defined using the
+ <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_dbd.html#dbdpreparesql">DBDPrepareSQL</a></code> directive.</p>
+
+ <p>If an attempt to update the session affects no rows, the insert query will be
+ called to insert the session into the database. If the database supports InsertOrUpdate,
+ override this query to perform the update in one query instead of two.</p>
+
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="bottomlang">
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