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+<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
+<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</p>
+<img alt="" src="../images/feather.png" /></div>
+<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="&lt;-" alt="&lt;-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div>
+<div id="path">
+<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> &gt; <a href="../">Version 2.4</a> &gt; <a href="./">Modules</a></div>
+<div id="page-content">
+<div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_unixd</h1>
+<div class="toplang">
+<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_unixd.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="../fr/mod/mod_unixd.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français">&nbsp;fr&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="../tr/mod/mod_unixd.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe">&nbsp;tr&nbsp;</a></p>
+</div>
+<table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Basic (required) security for Unix-family platforms.</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>unixd_module</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>mod_unixd.c</td></tr></table>
+</div>
+<div id="quickview"><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/contributing.html" class="badge"><img src="https://www.apache.org/images/SupportApache-small.png" alt="Support Apache!" /></a><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
+<ul id="toc">
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#chrootdir">ChrootDir</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#group">Group</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#suexec">Suexec</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#user">User</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h3>Bugfix checklist</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/CHANGES_2.4">httpd changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/buglist.cgi?bug_status=__open__&amp;list_id=144532&amp;product=Apache%20httpd-2&amp;query_format=specific&amp;order=changeddate%20DESC%2Cpriority%2Cbug_severity&amp;component=mod_unixd">Known issues</a></li><li><a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/enter_bug.cgi?product=Apache%20httpd-2&amp;component=mod_unixd">Report a bug</a></li></ul><h3>See also</h3>
+<ul class="seealso">
+<li><a href="../suexec.html">suEXEC support</a></li>
+<li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
+
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="ChrootDir" id="ChrootDir">ChrootDir</a> <a name="chrootdir" id="chrootdir">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Directory for apache to run chroot(8) after startup.</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>ChrootDir <var>/path/to/directory</var></code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>none</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_unixd.html">mod_unixd</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.2.10 and later</td></tr>
+</table>
+ <p>This directive tells the server to <var>chroot(8)</var> to the
+ specified directory after startup, but before accepting requests
+ over the 'net.</p>
+ <p>Note that running the server under chroot is not simple,
+ and requires additional setup, particularly if you are running
+ scripts such as CGI or PHP. Please make sure you are properly
+ familiar with the operation of chroot before attempting to use
+ this feature.</p>
+
+</div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Group" id="Group">Group</a> <a name="group" id="group">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Group under which the server will answer
+requests</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>Group <var>unix-group</var></code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>Group #-1</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_unixd</td></tr>
+</table>
+ <p>The <code class="directive">Group</code> directive sets the group under
+ which the server will answer requests. In order to use this
+ directive, the server must be run initially as <code>root</code>. If
+ you start the server as a non-root user, it will fail to change to the
+ specified group, and will instead continue to run as the group of the
+ original user. <var>Unix-group</var> is one of:</p>
+
+ <dl>
+ <dt>A group name</dt>
+ <dd>Refers to the given group by name.</dd>
+
+ <dt><code>#</code> followed by a group number.</dt>
+ <dd>Refers to a group by its number.</dd>
+ </dl>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Group www-group</pre>
+</div>
+
+ <p>It is recommended that you set up a new group specifically for
+ running the server. Some admins use user <code>nobody</code>,
+ but this is not always possible or desirable.</p>
+
+ <div class="warning"><h3>Security</h3>
+ <p>Don't set <code class="directive">Group</code> (or <code class="directive"><a href="#user">User</a></code>) to <code>root</code> unless
+ you know exactly what you are doing, and what the dangers are.</p>
+ </div>
+
+
+<h3>See also</h3>
+<ul>
+<li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_privileges.html#vhostgroup">VHostGroup</a></code></li>
+<li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_suexec.html#suexecusergroup">SuexecUserGroup</a></code></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Suexec" id="Suexec">Suexec</a> <a name="suexec" id="suexec">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Enable or disable the suEXEC feature</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>Suexec On|Off</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>On if suexec binary exists with proper owner and mode,
+Off otherwise</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_unixd</td></tr>
+</table>
+ <p>When On, startup will fail if the suexec binary doesn't exist
+ or has an invalid owner or file mode.</p>
+ <p>When Off, suEXEC will be disabled even if the suexec binary exists
+ and has a valid owner and file mode.</p>
+
+</div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="User" id="User">User</a> <a name="user" id="user">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>The userid under which the server will answer
+requests</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>User <var>unix-userid</var></code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>User #-1</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_unixd</td></tr>
+</table>
+ <p>The <code class="directive">User</code> directive sets the user ID as
+ which the server will answer requests. In order to use this
+ directive, the server must be run initially as <code>root</code>.
+ If you start the server as a non-root user, it will fail to change
+ to the lesser privileged user, and will instead continue to run as
+ that original user. If you do start the server as <code>root</code>,
+ then it is normal for the parent process to remain running as root.
+ <var>Unix-userid</var> is one of:</p>
+
+ <dl>
+ <dt>A username</dt>
+ <dd>Refers to the given user by name.</dd>
+
+ <dt># followed by a user number.</dt>
+ <dd>Refers to a user by its number.</dd>
+ </dl>
+
+ <p>The user should have no privileges that result in it being
+ able to access files that are not intended to be visible to the
+ outside world, and similarly, the user should not be able to
+ execute code that is not meant for HTTP requests. It is
+ recommended that you set up a new user and group specifically for
+ running the server. Some admins use user <code>nobody</code>, but
+ this is not always desirable, since the <code>nobody</code> user
+ can have other uses on the system.</p>
+
+ <div class="warning"><h3>Security</h3>
+ <p>Don't set <code class="directive">User</code> (or <code class="directive"><a href="#group">Group</a></code>) to <code>root</code> unless
+ you know exactly what you are doing, and what the dangers are.</p>
+ </div>
+
+
+<h3>See also</h3>
+<ul>
+<li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_privileges.html#vhostuser">VHostUser</a></code></li>
+<li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_suexec.html#suexecusergroup">SuexecUserGroup</a></code></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="bottomlang">
+<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_unixd.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="../fr/mod/mod_unixd.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français">&nbsp;fr&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="../tr/mod/mod_unixd.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe">&nbsp;tr&nbsp;</a></p>
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&amp;A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Libera.chat, or sent to our <a href="https://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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