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+<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
+<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</p>
+<img alt="" src="../images/feather.png" /></div>
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+<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> &gt; <a href="../">Version 2.4</a> &gt; <a href="./">Modules</a></div>
+<div id="page-content">
+<div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_vhost_alias</h1>
+<div class="toplang">
+<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_vhost_alias.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="../fr/mod/mod_vhost_alias.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français">&nbsp;fr&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="../tr/mod/mod_vhost_alias.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe">&nbsp;tr&nbsp;</a></p>
+</div>
+<table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provides for dynamically configured mass virtual
+hosting</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>vhost_alias_module</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>mod_vhost_alias.c</td></tr></table>
+<h3>Summary</h3>
+
+ <p>This module creates dynamically configured virtual hosts, by
+ allowing the IP address and/or the <code>Host:</code> header of
+ the HTTP request to be used as part of the pathname to
+ determine what files to serve. This allows for easy use of a
+ huge number of virtual hosts with similar configurations.</p>
+
+ <div class="note"><h3>Note</h3>
+ <p>If <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_alias.html">mod_alias</a></code> or <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_userdir.html">mod_userdir</a></code> are
+ used for translating URIs to filenames, they will override the
+ directives of <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code> described below. For
+ example, the following configuration will map <code>
+ /cgi-bin/script.pl</code> to <code>
+ /usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin/script.pl</code> in all cases:</p>
+
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">ScriptAlias "/cgi-bin/" "/usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin/"
+VirtualScriptAlias "/never/found/%0/cgi-bin/"</pre>
+
+ </div>
+</div>
+<div id="quickview"><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/contributing.html" class="badge"><img src="https://www.apache.org/images/SupportApache-small.png" alt="Support Apache!" /></a><h3>Topics</h3>
+<ul id="topics">
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#interpol">Directory Name Interpolation</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#examples">Examples</a></li>
+</ul><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
+<ul id="toc">
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualdocumentroot">VirtualDocumentRoot</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualdocumentrootip">VirtualDocumentRootIP</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualscriptalias">VirtualScriptAlias</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualscriptaliasip">VirtualScriptAliasIP</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h3>Bugfix checklist</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/CHANGES_2.4">httpd changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/buglist.cgi?bug_status=__open__&amp;list_id=144532&amp;product=Apache%20httpd-2&amp;query_format=specific&amp;order=changeddate%20DESC%2Cpriority%2Cbug_severity&amp;component=mod_vhost_alias">Known issues</a></li><li><a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/enter_bug.cgi?product=Apache%20httpd-2&amp;component=mod_vhost_alias">Report a bug</a></li></ul><h3>See also</h3>
+<ul class="seealso">
+<li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#usecanonicalname">UseCanonicalName</a></code></li>
+<li><a href="../vhosts/mass.html">Dynamically configured mass
+ virtual hosting</a></li>
+<li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="interpol" id="interpol">Directory Name Interpolation</a></h2>
+
+
+ <p>All the directives in this module interpolate a string into
+ a pathname. The interpolated string (henceforth called the
+ "name") may be either the server name (see the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#usecanonicalname">UseCanonicalName</a></code>
+ directive for details on how this is determined) or the IP
+ address of the virtual host on the server in dotted-quad
+ format. The interpolation is controlled by specifiers inspired
+ by <code>printf</code> which have a number of formats:</p>
+
+<table>
+
+<tr><td><code>%%</code></td>
+<td>insert a <code>%</code></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><code>%p</code></td>
+<td>insert the port number of the virtual host</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><code>%N.M</code></td>
+<td>insert (part of) the name</td></tr>
+
+</table>
+
+ <p><code>N</code> and <code>M</code> are used to specify
+ substrings of the name. <code>N</code> selects from the
+ dot-separated components of the name, and <code>M</code>
+ selects characters within whatever <code>N</code> has selected.
+ <code>M</code> is optional and defaults to zero if it isn't
+ present; the dot must be present if and only if <code>M</code>
+ is present. The interpretation is as follows:</p>
+
+ <table>
+
+ <tr><td><code>0</code></td>
+ <td>the whole name</td></tr>
+
+ <tr><td><code>1</code></td>
+ <td>the first part</td></tr>
+
+ <tr><td><code>2</code></td>
+ <td>the second part</td></tr>
+
+ <tr><td><code>-1</code></td>
+ <td>the last part</td></tr>
+
+ <tr><td><code>-2</code></td>
+ <td>the penultimate part</td></tr>
+
+ <tr><td><code>2+</code></td>
+ <td>the second and all subsequent parts</td></tr>
+
+ <tr><td><code>-2+</code></td>
+ <td>the penultimate and all preceding parts</td></tr>
+
+ <tr><td><code>1+</code> and <code>-1+</code></td>
+ <td>the same as <code>0</code></td></tr>
+ </table>
+
+ <p>If <code>N</code> or <code>M</code> is greater than the number
+ of parts available a single underscore is interpolated. </p>
+
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="examples" id="examples">Examples</a></h2>
+
+
+ <p>For simple name-based virtual hosts you might use the
+ following directives in your server configuration file:</p>
+
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">UseCanonicalName Off
+VirtualDocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/vhosts/%0"</pre>
+
+
+ <p>A request for
+ <code>http://www.example.com/directory/file.html</code> will be
+ satisfied by the file
+ <code>/usr/local/apache/vhosts/www.example.com/directory/file.html</code>.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>For a very large number of virtual hosts it is a good idea
+ to arrange the files to reduce the size of the
+ <code>vhosts</code> directory. To do this you might use the
+ following in your configuration file:</p>
+
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">UseCanonicalName Off
+VirtualDocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/vhosts/%3+/%2.1/%2.2/%2.3/%2"</pre>
+
+
+ <p>A request for
+ <code>http://www.domain.example.com/directory/file.html</code>
+ will be satisfied by the file
+ <code>/usr/local/apache/vhosts/example.com/d/o/m/domain/directory/file.html</code>.</p>
+
+ <p>A more even spread of files can be achieved by hashing from the
+ end of the name, for example: </p>
+
+<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">VirtualDocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/vhosts/%3+/%2.-1/%2.-2/%2.-3/%2"</pre>
+
+
+ <p>The example request would come from
+ <code>/usr/local/apache/vhosts/example.com/n/i/a/domain/directory/file.html</code>.</p>
+
+ <p>Alternatively you might use: </p>
+
+<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">VirtualDocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/vhosts/%3+/%2.1/%2.2/%2.3/%2.4+"</pre>
+
+
+ <p>The example request would come from
+ <code>/usr/local/apache/vhosts/example.com/d/o/m/ain/directory/file.html</code>.</p>
+
+<p> A very common request by users is the ability to point multiple domains to multiple
+document roots without having to worry about the length or number of parts of the
+hostname being requested. If the requested hostname is <code>sub.www.domain.example.com</code>
+ instead of simply <code>www.domain.example.com</code>, then using %3+ will result in the document
+root being <code>/usr/local/apache/vhosts/domain.example.com/...</code> instead of the
+intended <code>example.com</code> directory. In such cases, it can be beneficial to use
+the combination <code>%-2.0.%-1.0</code>, which will always yield the domain name and the
+tld, for example <code>example.com</code> regardless of the number of subdomains appended
+to the hostname. As such, one can make a configuration that will direct all first, second
+or third level subdomains to the same directory:
+</p>
+<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">VirtualDocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/vhosts/%-2.0.%-1.0"</pre>
+
+<p>
+In the example above, both <code>www.example.com</code> as well as <code>www.sub.example.com</code>
+or <code>example.com</code> will all point to <code>/usr/local/apache/vhosts/example.com</code>.
+</p>
+
+ <p>For IP-based virtual hosting you might use the following in
+ your configuration file:</p>
+
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">UseCanonicalName DNS
+VirtualDocumentRootIP "/usr/local/apache/vhosts/%1/%2/%3/%4/docs"
+VirtualScriptAliasIP "/usr/local/apache/vhosts/%1/%2/%3/%4/cgi-bin"</pre>
+
+
+ <p>A request for
+ <code>http://www.domain.example.com/directory/file.html</code>
+ would be satisfied by the file
+ <code>/usr/local/apache/vhosts/10/20/30/40/docs/directory/file.html</code>
+ if the IP address of <code>www.domain.example.com</code> were
+ 10.20.30.40. A request for
+ <code>http://www.domain.example.com/cgi-bin/script.pl</code> would
+ be satisfied by executing the program
+ <code>/usr/local/apache/vhosts/10/20/30/40/cgi-bin/script.pl</code>.</p>
+
+ <p>If you want to include the <code>.</code> character in a
+ <code>VirtualDocumentRoot</code> directive, but it clashes with
+ a <code>%</code> directive, you can work around the problem in
+ the following way:</p>
+
+<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">VirtualDocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/vhosts/%2.0.%3.0"</pre>
+
+
+ <p>A request for
+ <code>http://www.domain.example.com/directory/file.html</code>
+ will be satisfied by the file
+ <code>/usr/local/apache/vhosts/domain.example/directory/file.html</code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_log_config.html#logformat">LogFormat</a></code>
+ directives <code>%V</code> and <code>%A</code> are useful
+ in conjunction with this module.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="VirtualDocumentRoot" id="VirtualDocumentRoot">VirtualDocumentRoot</a> <a name="virtualdocumentroot" id="virtualdocumentroot">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Dynamically configure the location of the document root
+for a given virtual host</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>VirtualDocumentRoot <em>interpolated-directory</em>|none</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>VirtualDocumentRoot none</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_vhost_alias</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+ <p>The <code class="directive">VirtualDocumentRoot</code> directive allows you to
+ determine where Apache HTTP Server will find your documents based on the
+ value of the server name. The result of expanding
+ <em>interpolated-directory</em> is used as the root of the
+ document tree in a similar manner to the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code> directive's argument.
+ If <em>interpolated-directory</em> is <code>none</code> then
+ <code class="directive">VirtualDocumentRoot</code> is turned off. This directive
+ cannot be used in the same context as <code class="directive"><a href="#virtualdocumentrootip">VirtualDocumentRootIP</a></code>.</p>
+
+<div class="warning"><h3>Note</h3>
+<code class="directive">VirtualDocumentRoot</code> will override any <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code> directives you may have put in the same
+context or child contexts. Putting a <code class="directive">VirtualDocumentRoot</code>
+in the global server scope will effectively override <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code> directives in any virtual hosts defined later
+on, unless you set <code class="directive">VirtualDocumentRoot</code> to <code>None</code>
+in each virtual host.
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="VirtualDocumentRootIP" id="VirtualDocumentRootIP">VirtualDocumentRootIP</a> <a name="virtualdocumentrootip" id="virtualdocumentrootip">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Dynamically configure the location of the document root
+for a given virtual host</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>VirtualDocumentRootIP <em>interpolated-directory</em>|none</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>VirtualDocumentRootIP none</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_vhost_alias</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>The <code class="directive">VirtualDocumentRootIP</code> directive is like the
+ <code class="directive"><a href="#virtualdocumentroot">VirtualDocumentRoot</a></code>
+ directive, except that it uses the IP address of the server end
+ of the connection for directory interpolation instead of the server
+ name.</p>
+
+</div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="VirtualScriptAlias" id="VirtualScriptAlias">VirtualScriptAlias</a> <a name="virtualscriptalias" id="virtualscriptalias">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Dynamically configure the location of the CGI directory for
+a given virtual host</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>VirtualScriptAlias <em>interpolated-directory</em>|none</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>VirtualScriptAlias none</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_vhost_alias</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+ <p>The <code class="directive">VirtualScriptAlias</code> directive allows you to
+ determine where Apache httpd will find CGI scripts in a similar
+ manner to <code class="directive"><a href="#virtualdocumentroot">VirtualDocumentRoot</a></code> does for other documents. It matches
+ requests for URIs starting <code>/cgi-bin/</code>, much like <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_alias.html#scriptalias">ScriptAlias</a></code>
+ <code>/cgi-bin/</code> would.</p>
+
+
+</div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="VirtualScriptAliasIP" id="VirtualScriptAliasIP">VirtualScriptAliasIP</a> <a name="virtualscriptaliasip" id="virtualscriptaliasip">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Dynamically configure the location of the CGI directory for
+a given virtual host</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>VirtualScriptAliasIP <em>interpolated-directory</em>|none</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>VirtualScriptAliasIP none</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_vhost_alias</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+ <p>The <code class="directive">VirtualScriptAliasIP</code> directive is like the
+ <code class="directive"><a href="#virtualscriptalias">VirtualScriptAlias</a></code>
+ directive, except that it uses the IP address of the server end
+ of the connection for directory interpolation instead of the server
+ name.</p>
+
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="bottomlang">
+<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_vhost_alias.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="../fr/mod/mod_vhost_alias.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français">&nbsp;fr&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="../tr/mod/mod_vhost_alias.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe">&nbsp;tr&nbsp;</a></p>
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&amp;A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Libera.chat, or sent to our <a href="https://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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