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diff --git a/docs/manual/vhosts/mass.html b/docs/manual/vhosts/mass.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ff8663f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/vhosts/mass.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# GENERATED FROM XML -- DO NOT EDIT + +URI: mass.html.en +Content-Language: en +Content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 + +URI: mass.html.fr.utf8 +Content-Language: fr +Content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 + +URI: mass.html.ko.euc-kr +Content-Language: ko +Content-type: text/html; charset=EUC-KR + +URI: mass.html.tr.utf8 +Content-Language: tr +Content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 diff --git a/docs/manual/vhosts/mass.html.en b/docs/manual/vhosts/mass.html.en new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f5af1e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/vhosts/mass.html.en @@ -0,0 +1,348 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head> +<meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" /> +<!-- + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + --> +<title>Dynamically Configured Mass Virtual Hosting - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</title> +<link href="../style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> +<link href="../style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> +<link href="../style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../style/css/prettify.css" /> +<script src="../style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript"> +</script> + +<link href="../images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> +<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header"> +<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p> +<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</p> +<img alt="" src="../images/feather.png" /></div> +<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div> +<div id="path"> +<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.4</a> > <a href="./">Virtual Hosts</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Dynamically Configured Mass Virtual Hosting</h1> +<div class="toplang"> +<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/vhosts/mass.html" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="../fr/vhosts/mass.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> | +<a href="../ko/vhosts/mass.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="../tr/vhosts/mass.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div> + + + <p>This document describes how to efficiently serve an + arbitrary number of virtual hosts with the Apache HTTP Server. A + <a href="../rewrite/vhosts.html">separate document</a> discusses using + <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> to create dynamic mass virtual hosts. + </p> + +</div> +<div id="quickview"><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/contributing.html" class="badge"><img src="https://www.apache.org/images/SupportApache-small.png" alt="Support Apache!" /></a><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#motivation">Motivation</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#overview">Overview</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#simple">Dynamic Virtual Hosts with +mod_vhost_alias</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#homepages">Simplified Dynamic Virtual Hosts</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#combinations">Using Multiple Virtual + Hosting Systems on the Same Server</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ipbased">More Efficient IP-Based Virtual Hosting</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#rewrite">Mass virtual hosts with +mod_rewrite</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#macro">Mass virtual hosts with mod_macro</a></li> +</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div> +<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="motivation" id="motivation">Motivation</a></h2> + + <p>The techniques described here are of interest if your + <code>httpd.conf</code> contains many + <code><VirtualHost></code> sections that are + substantially the same, for example:</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><VirtualHost 111.22.33.44> + ServerName customer-1.example.com + DocumentRoot "/www/hosts/customer-1.example.com/docs" + ScriptAlias "/cgi-bin/" "/www/hosts/customer-1.example.com/cgi-bin" +</VirtualHost> + +<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44> + ServerName customer-2.example.com + DocumentRoot "/www/hosts/customer-2.example.com/docs" + ScriptAlias "/cgi-bin/" "/www/hosts/customer-2.example.com/cgi-bin" +</VirtualHost> + +<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44> + ServerName customer-N.example.com + DocumentRoot "/www/hosts/customer-N.example.com/docs" + ScriptAlias "/cgi-bin/" "/www/hosts/customer-N.example.com/cgi-bin" +</VirtualHost></pre> + + + <p>We wish to replace these multiple + <code><VirtualHost></code> blocks with a mechanism + that works them out dynamically. This has a number of + advantages:</p> + + <ol> + <li>Your configuration file is smaller, so Apache starts + more quickly and uses less memory. Perhaps more importantly, the + smaller configuration is easier to maintain, and leaves less room + for errors.</li> + + <li>Adding virtual hosts is simply a matter of creating the + appropriate directories in the filesystem and entries in the + DNS - you don't need to reconfigure or restart Apache.</li> + </ol> + + <p>The main disadvantage is that you cannot have a different log file for + each virtual host; however, if you have many virtual hosts, doing + this can be a bad idea anyway, because of the <a href="fd-limits.html">number of file descriptors needed</a>. + It is better to <a href="../logs.html#piped">log to a pipe or a fifo</a>, + and arrange for the process at the other end to split up the log + files into one per virtual host. One example of such a process can + be found in the <a href="../programs/split-logfile.html">split-logfile</a> + utility.</p> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="overview" id="overview">Overview</a></h2> + + <p>A virtual host is defined by two pieces of information: its + IP address, and the contents of the <code>Host:</code> header + in the HTTP request. The dynamic mass virtual hosting technique + used here is based on automatically inserting this information into the + pathname of the file that is used to satisfy the request. This + can be most easily done by using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code> + with Apache httpd. Alternatively, + <a href="../rewrite/vhosts.html">mod_rewrite can + be used</a>.</p> + <p>Both of these modules are disabled by default; you must enable + one of them when configuring and building Apache httpd if you want to + use this technique.</p> + + <p>A couple of things need to be determined from the request in + order to make the dynamic + virtual host look like a normal one. The most important is the + server name, which is used by the server to generate + self-referential URLs etc. It is configured with the + <code>ServerName</code> directive, and it is available to CGIs + via the <code>SERVER_NAME</code> environment variable. The + actual value used at run time is controlled by the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#usecanonicalname">UseCanonicalName</a></code> + setting. With <code>UseCanonicalName Off</code>, the server name + is taken from the contents of the <code>Host:</code> header in the + request. With <code>UseCanonicalName DNS</code>, it is taken from a + reverse DNS lookup of the virtual host's IP address. The former + setting is used for name-based dynamic virtual hosting, and the + latter is used for IP-based hosting. If httpd cannot work out + the server name because there is no <code>Host:</code> header, + or the DNS lookup fails, then the value configured with + <code>ServerName</code> is used instead.</p> + + <p>The other thing to determine is the document root (configured + with <code>DocumentRoot</code> and available to CGI scripts via the + <code>DOCUMENT_ROOT</code> environment variable). In a normal + configuration, this is used by the core module when + mapping URIs to filenames, but when the server is configured to + do dynamic virtual hosting, that job must be taken over by another + module (either <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code> or + <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>), which has a different way of doing + the mapping. Neither of these modules is responsible for + setting the <code>DOCUMENT_ROOT</code> environment variable so + if any CGIs or SSI documents make use of it, they will get a + misleading value.</p> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="simple" id="simple">Dynamic Virtual Hosts with +mod_vhost_alias</a></h2> + + <p>This extract from <code>httpd.conf</code> implements the + virtual host arrangement outlined in the <a href="#motivation">Motivation</a> section above + using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code>.</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config"># get the server name from the Host: header +UseCanonicalName Off + +# this log format can be split per-virtual-host based on the first field +# using the split-logfile utility. +LogFormat "%V %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon +CustomLog "logs/access_log" vcommon + +# include the server name in the filenames used to satisfy requests +VirtualDocumentRoot "/www/hosts/%0/docs" +VirtualScriptAlias "/www/hosts/%0/cgi-bin"</pre> + + + <p>This configuration can be changed into an IP-based virtual + hosting solution by just turning <code>UseCanonicalName + Off</code> into <code>UseCanonicalName DNS</code>. The server + name that is inserted into the filename is then derived from + the IP address of the virtual host. The variable <code>%0</code> + references the requested servername, as indicated in the + <code>Host:</code> header.</p> + +<p>See the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code> documentation for more usage +examples.</p> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="homepages" id="homepages">Simplified Dynamic Virtual Hosts</a></h2> + + <p>This is an adjustment of the above system, tailored for an + ISP's web hosting server. Using <code>%2</code>, + we can select substrings of the server name to + use in the filename so that, for example, the documents for + <code>www.user.example.com</code> are found in + <code>/home/user/www</code>. It uses a single <code>cgi-bin</code> + directory instead of one per virtual host.</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">UseCanonicalName Off + +LogFormat "%V %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon +CustomLog "logs/access_log" vcommon + +# include part of the server name in the filenames +VirtualDocumentRoot "/home/%2/www" + +# single cgi-bin directory +ScriptAlias "/cgi-bin/" "/www/std-cgi/"</pre> + + + <p>There are examples of more complicated + <code>VirtualDocumentRoot</code> settings in the + <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code> documentation.</p> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="combinations" id="combinations">Using Multiple Virtual + Hosting Systems on the Same Server</a></h2> + + <p>With more complicated setups, you can use httpd's normal + <code><VirtualHost></code> directives to control the + scope of the various virtual hosting configurations. For + example, you could have one IP address for general customers' homepages, + and another for commercial customers, with the following setup. + This can be combined with conventional + <code><VirtualHost></code> configuration sections, as shown + below.</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">UseCanonicalName Off + +LogFormat "%V %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon + +<Directory "/www/commercial"> + Options FollowSymLinks + AllowOverride All +</Directory> + +<Directory "/www/homepages"> + Options FollowSymLinks + AllowOverride None +</Directory> + +<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44> + ServerName www.commercial.example.com + + CustomLog "logs/access_log.commercial" vcommon + + VirtualDocumentRoot "/www/commercial/%0/docs" + VirtualScriptAlias "/www/commercial/%0/cgi-bin" +</VirtualHost> + +<VirtualHost 111.22.33.45> + ServerName www.homepages.example.com + + CustomLog "logs/access_log.homepages" vcommon + + VirtualDocumentRoot "/www/homepages/%0/docs" + ScriptAlias "/cgi-bin/" "/www/std-cgi/" +</VirtualHost></pre> + + +<div class="note"> + <h3>Note</h3> + <p>If the first VirtualHost block does <em>not</em> include a + <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#servername">ServerName</a></code> directive, the reverse + DNS of the relevant IP will be used instead. + If this is not the server name you + wish to use, a bogus entry (eg. <code>ServerName + none.example.com</code>) can be added to get around this + behaviour.</p> +</div> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="ipbased" id="ipbased">More Efficient IP-Based Virtual Hosting</a></h2> + + <p>The configuration changes suggested to turn <a href="#simple">the first + example</a> into an IP-based virtual hosting setup result in + a rather inefficient setup. A new DNS lookup is required for every + request. To avoid this overhead, the filesystem can be arranged to + correspond to the IP addresses, instead of to the host names, thereby + negating the need for a DNS lookup. Logging will also have to be adjusted + to fit this system.</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config"># get the server name from the reverse DNS of the IP address +UseCanonicalName DNS + +# include the IP address in the logs so they may be split +LogFormat "%A %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon +CustomLog "logs/access_log" vcommon + +# include the IP address in the filenames +VirtualDocumentRootIP "/www/hosts/%0/docs" +VirtualScriptAliasIP "/www/hosts/%0/cgi-bin"</pre> + + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="rewrite" id="rewrite">Mass virtual hosts with +mod_rewrite</a></h2> + +<p> +Mass virtual hosting may also be accomplished using +<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>, either using simple <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code> directives, or using more +complicated techniques such as storing the vhost definitions externally +and accessing them via <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritemap">RewriteMap</a></code>. These techniques are +discussed in the <a href="../rewrite/vhosts.html">rewrite +documentation</a>.</p> +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="macro" id="macro">Mass virtual hosts with mod_macro</a></h2> + +<p>Another option for dynamically generated virtual hosts is +<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_macro.html">mod_macro</a></code>, with which you can create a virtualhost +template, and invoke it for multiple hostnames. An example of this is +provided in the <strong>Usage</strong> section of the module +documentation. +</p> +</div></div> +<div class="bottomlang"> +<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/vhosts/mass.html" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="../fr/vhosts/mass.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> | +<a href="../ko/vhosts/mass.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="../tr/vhosts/mass.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Libera.chat, or sent to our <a href="https://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div> +<script type="text/javascript"><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- +var comments_shortname = 'httpd'; +var comments_identifier = 'http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/vhosts/mass.html'; +(function(w, d) { + if (w.location.hostname.toLowerCase() == "httpd.apache.org") { + d.write('<div id="comments_thread"><\/div>'); + var s = d.createElement('script'); + s.type = 'text/javascript'; + s.async = true; + s.src = 'https://comments.apache.org/show_comments.lua?site=' + comments_shortname + '&page=' + comments_identifier; + (d.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || d.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(s); + } + else { + d.write('<div id="comments_thread">Comments are disabled for this page at the moment.<\/div>'); + } +})(window, document); +//--><!]]></script></div><div id="footer"> +<p class="apache">Copyright 2023 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p> +<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div><script type="text/javascript"><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- +if (typeof(prettyPrint) !== 'undefined') { + prettyPrint(); +} +//--><!]]></script> +</body></html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manual/vhosts/mass.html.fr.utf8 b/docs/manual/vhosts/mass.html.fr.utf8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7415fc4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/vhosts/mass.html.fr.utf8 @@ -0,0 +1,363 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr"><head> +<meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" /> +<!-- + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + --> +<title>Hébergement virtuel de masse configuré dynamiquement - Serveur HTTP Apache Version 2.4</title> +<link href="../style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> +<link href="../style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> +<link href="../style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../style/css/prettify.css" /> +<script src="../style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript"> +</script> + +<link href="../images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> +<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header"> +<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossaire</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Plan du site</a></p> +<p class="apache">Serveur HTTP Apache Version 2.4</p> +<img alt="" src="../images/feather.png" /></div> +<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div> +<div id="path"> +<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">Serveur HTTP</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.4</a> > <a href="./">Hébergement virtuel</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Hébergement virtuel de masse configuré dynamiquement</h1> +<div class="toplang"> +<p><span>Langues Disponibles: </span><a href="../en/vhosts/mass.html" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="../fr/vhosts/mass.html" title="Français"> fr </a> | +<a href="../ko/vhosts/mass.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="../tr/vhosts/mass.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div> + + + <p>Ce document propose une méthode performante pour servir un nombre + quelconque d'hôtes virtuels avec le serveur HTTP Apache. Un <a href="../rewrite/vhosts.html">document séparé</a> décrit comment + utiliser <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> pour gérer l'hébergement + virtuel de masse dynamique. + </p> + +</div> +<div id="quickview"><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/contributing.html" class="badge"><img src="https://www.apache.org/images/SupportApache-small.png" alt="Support Apache!" /></a><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#motivation">A qui ce document est-il destiné ?</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#overview">Vue d'ensemble</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#simple">Hébergement virtuel +dynamique avec mod_vhost_alias</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#homepages">Système de serveurs virtuels dynamiques +simplifié</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#combinations">Utiliser plusieurs systèmes +d'hébergement virtuel sur le même serveur</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ipbased">Pour un hébergement virtuel par IP plus +efficace</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#rewrite">Hébergement virtuel de masse avec +mod_rewrite</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#macro">Hébergement virtuel en masse avec mod_macro</a></li> +</ul><h3>Voir aussi</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Commentaires</a></li></ul></div> +<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="motivation" id="motivation">A qui ce document est-il destiné ?</a></h2> + + <p>Les techniques décrites ici vous concernent si votre + <code>httpd.conf</code> contient de nombreuses sections + <code><VirtualHost></code> très semblables, + dans le style :</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><VirtualHost 111.22.33.44> + ServerName customer-1.example.com + DocumentRoot "/www/hosts/customer-1.example.com/docs" + ScriptAlias "/cgi-bin/" "/www/hosts/customer-1.example.com/cgi-bin" +</VirtualHost> + +<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44> + ServerName customer-2.example.com + DocumentRoot "/www/hosts/customer-2.example.com/docs" + ScriptAlias "/cgi-bin/" "/www/hosts/customer-2.example.com/cgi-bin" +</VirtualHost> + +<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44> + ServerName customer-N.example.com + DocumentRoot "/www/hosts/customer-N.example.com/docs" + ScriptAlias "/cgi-bin/" "/www/hosts/customer-N.example.com/cgi-bin" +</VirtualHost></pre> + + + <p>Nous voulons remplacer toutes les configurations + <code><VirtualHost></code> par un mécanisme qui les génère + dynamiquement. Ceci présente certains avantages :</p> + + <ol> + <li>Votre fichier de configuration est plus petit, ainsi Apache + démarre plus rapidement et consomme moins de mémoire. Et ce qui + est peut-être le plus important, le fichier de configuration plus + petit est plus facile à maintenir, et le risque d'erreurs en est + diminué d'autant. + </li> + + <li>Pour ajouter des serveurs virtuels, il suffit de créer les + répertoires appropriés dans le système de fichiers et les entrées + dans le DNS - il n'est plus nécessaire de reconfigurer ou de + redémarrer Apache.</li> + </ol> + + <p>Le principal désavantage réside dans le fait que vous ne pouvez + pas définir un fichier journal différent pour chaque serveur + virtuel. De toute façon, ce serait une mauvaise idée si vous avez de + nombreux serveurs virtuels, car cela nécessiterait un <a href="fd-limits.html">nombre important de descripteurs de + fichier</a>. Il est préférable de rediriger <a href="../logs.html#piped">les journaux via un pipe ou + une file fifo</a> vers un + programme, et faire en sorte que ce dernier éclate les journaux + en un journal par serveur virtuel. L'utilitaire <a href="../programs/split-logfile.html">split-logfile</a> + constitue un exemple de ce traitement.</p> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="overview" id="overview">Vue d'ensemble</a></h2> + + <p>Un serveur virtuel peut être défini par deux informations : son + adresse IP, et le contenu de l'en-tête <code>Host:</code> de la + requête HTTP. La technique d'hébergement virtuel dynamique de masse + utilisée ici consiste à insérer automatiquement ces informations + dans le chemin du fichier à utiliser pour répondre à la requête. On + peut y parvenir assez facilement en utilisant + <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code> avec Apache httpd, mais on peut aussi + <a href="../rewrite/vhosts.html">utiliser mod_rewrite</a>. </p> + <p>Par défaut, ces deux modules + sont désactivés ; vous devez activer l'un d'eux lors de la + compilation et de la configuration d'Apache httpd si vous voulez utiliser + cette technique.</p> + + <p>Certains paramètres doivent être extraits de la requête pour que le serveur + dynamique se présente comme un serveur dynamique normal. Le plus + important est le nom du serveur, que le serveur utilise pour générer des + URLs d'auto-référencement, etc... Il est défini via la directive + <code>ServerName</code>, et les CGIs peuvent s'y référer via la + variable d'environnement <code>SERVER_NAME</code>. Sa véritable + valeur utilisée à l'exécution est contrôlée par la définition de la + directive + <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#usecanonicalname">UseCanonicalName</a></code>. Avec + <code>UseCanonicalName Off</code>, le nom du serveur correspond au + contenu de l'en-tête <code>Host:</code> de la requête. Avec + <code>UseCanonicalName DNS</code>, il est extrait d'une recherche + DNS inverse sur l'adresse IP du serveur virtuel. La première + configuration est utilisée pour l'hébergement virtuel dynamique par + nom, et la deuxième pour l'hébergement virtuel dynamique par IP. Si + httpd ne peut pas déterminer le nom du serveur, soit parce qu'il + n'y a pas d'en-tête <code>Host:</code>, soit parce que la recherche + DNS a échoué, il prend en compte la valeur définie par la directive + <code>ServerName</code>.</p> + + <p>L'autre paramètre à extraire est la racine des documents (définie + via la directive <code>DocumentRoot</code> et disponible pour les + scripts CGI via la variable d'environnement <code>DOCUMENT_ROOT</code>). + Dans une configuration classique, il est utilisé par le module core + pour faire correspondre les URIs aux noms de fichiers, mais lorsque + la configuration du serveur comporte des serveurs virtuels, ce + traitement doit être pris en charge par un autre module (soit + <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code>, soit <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>), qui + utilise un méthode de correspondance différente. Aucun de ces + modules ne se chargeant de définir la variable d'environnement + <code>DOCUMENT_ROOT</code>, si des CGIs ou des documents SSI + doivent en faire usage, ils obtiendront une valeur erronée.</p> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="simple" id="simple">Hébergement virtuel +dynamique avec mod_vhost_alias</a></h2> + + <p>Cet extrait de fichier <code>httpd.conf</code> implémente + l'hébergement virtuel décrit dans la section <a href="#motivation">À qui ce document est-il destiné ?</a> ci-dessus + en utilisant <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code>.</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config"># extrait le nom du serveur de l'en-tête Host: +UseCanonicalName Off + +# ce format de journal peut être éclaté en journaux par serveur virtuel +# à l'aide du premier champ via l'utilitaire split-logfile +LogFormat "%V %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon +CustomLog "logs/access_log" vcommon + +# inclut le nom du serveur dans les noms de fichiers ressources +# nécessaires aux traitements des requêtes +VirtualDocumentRoot "/www/hosts/%0/docs" +VirtualScriptAlias "/www/hosts/%0/cgi-bin"</pre> + + + <p>Pour changer cette configuration en solution de serveur virtuel + par IP, il suffit de remplacer <code>UseCanonicalName + Off</code> par <code>UseCanonicalName DNS</code>. Le nom du serveur + inséré dans le nom de fichier sera alors déduit de l'adresse IP du + serveur virtuel. La variable <code>%0</code> fait référence au nom + de serveur de la requête, tel qu'il est indiqué dans l'en-tête + <code>Host:</code>.</p> + + <p>Voir la documentation du module <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code> + pour d'avantages d'exemples d'utilisation.</p> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="homepages" id="homepages">Système de serveurs virtuels dynamiques +simplifié</a></h2> + + <p>Il s'agit d'une adaptation du système ci-dessus, ajusté pour un + serveur d'hébergement web de FAI. Grâce à la variable + <code>%2</code>, on peut extraire des sous-chaînes de caractères du + nom du serveur pour les utiliser dans le nom de fichier afin, par + exemple, de définir <code>/home/user/www</code> comme emplacement des + documents pour <code>www.user.example.com</code>. Un seul répertoire + <code>cgi-bin</code> suffit pour l'ensemble des + serveurs virtuels.</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">UseCanonicalName Off + +LogFormat "%V %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon +CustomLog "logs/access_log" vcommon + +# insertion d'une partie du nom du serveur dans les noms de fichiers +VirtualDocumentRoot "/home/%2/www" + +# répertoire cgi-bin unique +ScriptAlias "/cgi-bin/" "/www/std-cgi/"</pre> + + + <p>Vous trouverez des exemples plus élaborés d'utilisation de la + directive <code>VirtualDocumentRoot</code> dans la documentation du + module <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code>.</p> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="combinations" id="combinations">Utiliser plusieurs systèmes +d'hébergement virtuel sur le même serveur</a></h2> + + <p>Moyennant une configuration un peu plus compliquée, vous pouvez + contrôler la portée des différentes configurations d'hébergement + virtuel à l'aide des directives <code><VirtualHost></code> + normales de httpd. Par exemple, on peut associer une adresse IP pour + les pages d'accueil des clients en général, et une autre pour les + clients commerciaux avec la configuration suivante. Cette + configuration peut être combinée avec les sections + <code><VirtualHost></code> conventionnelles, comme indiqué + plus loin.</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">UseCanonicalName Off + +LogFormat "%V %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon + +<Directory "/www/commercial"> + Options FollowSymLinks + AllowOverride All +</Directory> + +<Directory "/www/homepages"> + Options FollowSymLinks + AllowOverride None +</Directory> + +<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44> + ServerName www.commercial.example.com + + CustomLog "logs/access_log.commercial" vcommon + + VirtualDocumentRoot "/www/commercial/%0/docs" + VirtualScriptAlias "/www/commercial/%0/cgi-bin" +</VirtualHost> + +<VirtualHost 111.22.33.45> + ServerName www.homepages.example.com + + CustomLog "logs/access_log.homepages" vcommon + + VirtualDocumentRoot "/www/homepages/%0/docs" + ScriptAlias "/cgi-bin/" "/www/std-cgi/" +</VirtualHost></pre> + + +<div class="note"> + <h3>Note</h3> + <p>Si le premier bloc VirtualHost ne comporte <em>pas</em> de + directive <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#servername">ServerName</a></code>, c'est + le nom issu d'une recherche DNS inverse à partir de l'adresse IP + du serveur virtuel qui sera utilisé. Si ce nom ne correspond pas + à celui que vous voulez utiliser, vous pouvez ajouter une entrée + de remplacement (par exemple <code>ServerName + none.example.com</code>) pour éviter ce comportement.</p> +</div> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="ipbased" id="ipbased">Pour un hébergement virtuel par IP plus +efficace</a></h2> + + <p>Les changements de configuration suggérés pour transformer <a href="#simple">le premier exemple</a> en hébergement virtuel par IP + conduisent à une configuration peu efficace. Chaque requête + nécessite une nouvelle recherche DNS. Pour éviter cette surcharge de + travail, le système de fichiers peut être organisé pour correspondre + aux adresses IP, plutôt qu'aux noms de serveurs, supprimant par + la-même la nécessité d'une recherche DNS. La journalisation doit + aussi être adaptée pour fonctionner sur un tel système.</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config"># obtention du nom du serveur par recherche DNS inverse +# sur l'adresse IP +UseCanonicalName DNS + +# insertion de l'adresse IP dans les journaux afin de pouvoir les +# éclater +LogFormat "%A %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon +CustomLog "logs/access_log" vcommon + +# insertion de l'adresse IP dans les noms de fichiers +VirtualDocumentRootIP "/www/hosts/%0/docs" +VirtualScriptAliasIP "/www/hosts/%0/cgi-bin"</pre> + + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="rewrite" id="rewrite">Hébergement virtuel de masse avec +mod_rewrite</a></h2> + +<p> +L'hébergement virtuel de masse peut aussi être effectué en utilisant +<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>, soit à l'aide de simples directives <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code>, soit en utilisant des +techniques plus compliquées comme le stockage externe des définitions +des serveurs virtuels, ces dernières étant accessibles via des +directives <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritemap">RewriteMap</a></code>. Ces +techniques sont décrites dans la <a href="../rewrite/vhosts.html">documentation sur la réécriture</a>.</p> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="macro" id="macro">Hébergement virtuel en masse avec mod_macro</a></h2> + +<p>Une autre option pour générer dynamiquement des serveurs virtuels : +mod_macro ; ce module permet de créer un modèle de serveur virtuel que +vous pourrez invoquer pour des noms d'hôtes multiples. La section +<strong>Usage</strong> de la documentation du module présente un exemple qui +illustre cette méthode. +</p> +</div></div> +<div class="bottomlang"> +<p><span>Langues Disponibles: </span><a href="../en/vhosts/mass.html" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="../fr/vhosts/mass.html" title="Français"> fr </a> | +<a href="../ko/vhosts/mass.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="../tr/vhosts/mass.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Commentaires</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. 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Áï, + ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¸¦ Àç¼³Á¤ÇÏ°í Àç½ÃÀÛÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù.</li> + </ol> + + <p>´ÜÁ¡Àº °¢ °¡»óÈ£½ºÆ®º°·Î ´Ù¸¥ ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â + Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸Å¿ì ¸¹Àº °¡»óÈ£½ºÆ®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é ÆÄÀϱâ¼úÀÚ¸¦ + ´Ù ½á¹ö¸®±â¶§¹®¿¡ ¼·Î ´Ù¸¥ ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ÆÄÀÌÇÁ³ª + fifo·Î ·Î±×¸¦ º¸³»°í, ¹Þ´Â Æí¿¡¼ ·Î±×¸¦ ó¸®ÇÏ¿© ³ª´©´Â + ¹æ¹ýÀÌ (Åë°è µîÀ» ¸ðÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù) ´õ ³´´Ù.</p> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="overview" id="overview">°³¿ä</a></h2> + + <p>°¡»óÈ£½ºÆ®´Â IP ÁÖ¼Ò¿Í HTTP ¿äûÀÇ <code>Host:</code> + Çì´õ Á¤º¸·Î Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù. ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ´ë·®ÀÇ + µ¿Àû °¡»óÈ£½ºÆ® ±â¼úÀº ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î °¡»óÈ£½ºÆ® Á¤º¸¸¦ ¿äûÀÇ + ÆÄÀÏ°æ·Î¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ´ëºÎºÐ <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code>¸¦ + »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ½±°Ô ÇØ°áÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 1.3.6 ÀÌÇϸ¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é + <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ µÎ ¸ðµâ + ¸ðµÎ ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼¹ö¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é + ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇÏ°í ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÒ¶§ Æ÷ÇÔÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.</p> + + <p>µ¿Àû °¡»óÈ£½ºÆ®¸¦ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ °¡»óÈ£½ºÆ®Ã³·³ º¸ÀÌ°ÔÇÏ·Á¸é + ¿©·¯°¡Áö¸¦ `¼Ó¿©¾ß' ÇÑ´Ù. °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡°¡ ÀÚ±âÂüÁ¶ + URL µîÀ» ¸¸µé¶§ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼¹ö¸íÀÌ´Ù. ¼¹ö¸íÀº + <code>ServerName</code> Áö½Ã¾î·Î ¼³Á¤Çϸç, CGI¿¡´Â + <code>SERVER_NAME</code> ȯ°æº¯¼ö·Î ÁÖ¾îÁø´Ù. ½ÇÇàÁß ½ÇÁ¦ + ¼¹ö¸íÀº <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#usecanonicalname">UseCanonicalName</a></code> ¼³Á¤¿¡ ´Þ·È´Ù. + <code>UseCanonicalName Off</code>ÀÌ¸é ¿äûÀÇ <code>Host:</code> + Çì´õ ³»¿ëÀÌ ¼¹ö¸íÀÌ µÈ´Ù. <code>UseCanonicalName DNS</code>À̸é + °¡»óÈ£½ºÆ®ÀÇ IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¿ªDNS °Ë»öÇÏ¿© ¼¹ö¸íÀ» ¾Ë¾Æ³½´Ù. + ÀüÀÚ´Â À̸§±â¹Ý µ¿Àû °¡»óÈ£½ºÆ®¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í, ÈÄÀÚ´Â IP±â¹Ý + °¡»óÈ£½ºÆ®¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. <code>Host:</code> Çì´õ°¡ ¾ø°Å³ª + DNS °Ë»öÀÌ ½ÇÆÐÇÏ¿© ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡°¡ ¼¹ö¸íÀ» ¾Ë¾Æ³»Áö ¸øÇϸé + <code>ServerName</code>À¸·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÑ °ªÀ» ´ë½Å »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.</p> + + <p>´Ù¸¥ `¼ÓÀÏ' °ÍÀº (<code>DocumentRoot</code>·Î ¼³Á¤Çϸç, + CGI¿¡´Â <code>DOCUMENT_ROOT</code> ȯ°æº¯¼ö·Î ÁÖ¾îÁö´Â) + ¹®¼·çÆ®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ °æ¿ì core ¸ðµâÀÌ ÀÌ ¼³Á¤À» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© + URI¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ÆÄÀϸíÀ» ãÁö¸¸, ¼¹ö¸¦ µ¿Àû °¡»óÈ£½ºÆÃÀ» ÇÒ¶§´Â ´Ù¸¥ + ¸ðµâÀÌ (<code>mod_vhost_alias</code>³ª <code>mod_rewrite</code>) + ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·± ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇÑ´Ù. µÎ ¸ðµâ ¸ðµÎ + <code>DOCUMENT_ROOT</code> ȯ°æº¯¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¹Ç·Î + CGI³ª SSI ¹®¼°¡ ÀÌ °ªÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é À߸øµÈ °á°ú¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¼ö + ÀÖ´Ù.</p> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="simple" id="simple">°£´ÜÇÑ µ¿Àû °¡»óÈ£½ºÆ®</a></h2> + + <p>À§ <a href="#motivation">µ¿±â</a> ÀýÀÇ °¡»óÈ£½ºÆ® + ¼³Á¤À» <code>mod_vhost_alias</code>¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ´õ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î + ±¸ÇöÇß´Ù.</p> + +<div class="example"><p><code> +# Host: Çì´õ¿¡¼ ¼¹ö¸íÀ» ¾Ë¾Æ³½´Ù<br /> +UseCanonicalName Off<br /> +<br /> +# ù¹ø° Çʵ带 »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ÀÌ ·Î±×¸¦ °¡»óÈ£½ºÆ®º°·Î ³ª´ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù<br /> +LogFormat "%V %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon<br /> +CustomLog logs/access_log vcommon<br /> +<br /> +# ¿äûÀ» ó¸®ÇϱâÀ§ÇØ ÆÄÀÏ¸í¿¡ ¼¹ö¸íÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù<br /> +VirtualDocumentRoot /www/hosts/%0/docs<br /> +VirtualScriptAlias /www/hosts/%0/cgi-bin +</code></p></div> + + <p>ÀÌ ¼³Á¤¿¡¼ <code>UseCanonicalName Off</code>¸¦ + <code>UseCanonicalName DNS</code>·Î º¯°æÇϱ⸸ Çϸé IP±â¹Ý + °¡»óÈ£½ºÆ®°¡ µÈ´Ù. °¡»óÈ£½ºÆ®ÀÇ IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °¡Áö°í + ÆÄÀÏ¸í¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇÒ ¼¹ö¸íÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.</p> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="homepages" id="homepages">°¡»óÀ¸·Î È£½ºÆ®Çϴ ȨÆäÀÌÁö ½Ã½ºÅÛ</a></h2> + + <p>ISP ȨÆäÀÌÁö ¼¹ö¸¦ À§ÇØ À§ÀÇ ¼³Á¤À» ¼öÁ¤Çß´Ù. Á¶±Ý ´õ + º¹ÀâÇÑ ¼³Á¤À» »ç¿ëÇϸé <code>www.user.isp.com</code>ÀÇ ¹®¼¸¦ + <code>/home/user/</code>¿¡ µÎ´Â ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¼¹ö¸íÀÇ ÀϺθ¦ °¡Áö°í + ÆÄÀϸíÀ» ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¼³Á¤Àº + <code>cgi-bin</code>À» °¢ °¡»óÈ£½ºÆ®°¡ µû·Î °¡ÁöÁö¾Ê°í + ¸ðµç °¡»óÈ£½ºÆ®°¡ °°ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.</p> + +<div class="example"><p><code> +# ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ³»¿ëÀº À§¿Í °°´Ù. ±×¸®°í<br /> +<br /> +# ÆÄÀÏ¸í¿¡ ¼¹ö¸íÀÇ ÀϺθ¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù<br /> +VirtualDocumentRoot /www/hosts/%2/docs<br /> +<br /> +# ÇϳªÀÇ cgi-bin µð·ºÅ丮<br /> +ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /www/std-cgi/<br /> +</code></p></div> + + <p><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code> ¹®¼¿¡´Â ´õ º¹ÀâÇÑ + <code>VirtualDocumentRoot</code> ¼³Á¤ÀÇ ¿¹°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.</p> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="combinations" id="combinations">ÇÑ ¼¹ö¿¡ ¿©·¯ °¡»óÈ£½ºÆ® + ½Ã½ºÅÛ »ç¿ëÇϱâ</a></h2> + + <p>´õ º¹ÀâÇÑ ¼³Á¤ÀÇ ¿¹·Î ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ÀÇ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ + <code><VirtualHost></code> Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¿©·¯ + °¡»óÈ£½ºÆ® ¼³Á¤ÀÇ ¹üÀ§¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ´ÙÀ½°ú + °°Àº ¼³Á¤Àº ȨÆäÀÌÁö °í°´¿¡ IP ÁÖ¼Ò ÇÑ°³, »ó¾÷ÀûÀÎ + °í°´¿¡°Ô ´Ù¸¥ IP ÁÖ¼Ò ÇÑ°³¸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÑ´Ù. ¹°·Ð ÀÌÀüó·³ + <code><VirtualHost></code> ¼³Á¤ ¼½¼Ç¿¡ ¸ðµÎ ¹À» ¼öµµ + ÀÖ´Ù.</p> + +<div class="example"><p><code> +UseCanonicalName Off<br /> +<br /> +LogFormat "%V %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon<br /> +<br /> +<Directory /www/commercial><br /> +<span class="indent"> + Options FollowSymLinks<br /> + AllowOverride All<br /> +</span> +</Directory><br /> +<br /> +<Directory /www/homepages><br /> +<span class="indent"> + Options FollowSymLinks<br /> + AllowOverride None<br /> +</span> +</Directory><br /> +<br /> +<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44><br /> +<span class="indent"> + ServerName www.commercial.isp.com<br /> + <br /> + CustomLog logs/access_log.commercial vcommon<br /> + <br /> + VirtualDocumentRoot /www/commercial/%0/docs<br /> + VirtualScriptAlias /www/commercial/%0/cgi-bin<br /> +</span> +</VirtualHost><br /> +<br /> +<VirtualHost 111.22.33.45><br /> +<span class="indent"> + ServerName www.homepages.isp.com<br /> + <br /> + CustomLog logs/access_log.homepages vcommon<br /> + <br /> + VirtualDocumentRoot /www/homepages/%0/docs<br /> + ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /www/std-cgi/<br /> +</span> +</VirtualHost> +</code></p></div> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="ipbased" id="ipbased">´õ È¿À²ÀûÀÎ IP±â¹Ý °¡»óÈ£½ºÆ®</a></h2> + + <p><a href="#simple">ù¹ø° ¿¹</a>¿¡¼ ³ª´Â ¼³Á¤À» °£´ÜÈ÷ + IP±â¹Ý °¡»óÈ£½ºÆ®·Î ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ºÒÇàÈ÷µµ + ±×·± ¼³Á¤Àº ¸Å ¿äû¸¶´Ù DNS¸¦ ã¾Æ¾ßÇϹǷΠ¸Å¿ì ºñÈ¿À²ÀûÀÌ´Ù. + À̸§´ë½Å IP ÁÖ¼Ò·Î ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛÀ» ±¸¼ºÇÏ°í °°Àº ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î + ·Î±×¸¦ ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ¸é ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â ¼¹ö¸íÀ» + ´Ù·ê ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø¾îÁö°í, DNS °Ë»öµµ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Ô µÈ´Ù.</p> + +<div class="example"><p><code> +# IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¿ªDNS °Ë»öÇÏ¿© ¼¹ö¸íÀ» ¾Ë¾Æ³½´Ù<br /> +UseCanonicalName DNS<br /> +<br /> +# ·Î±×¸¦ ³ª´ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù<br /> +LogFormat "%A %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon<br /> +CustomLog logs/access_log vcommon<br /> +<br /> +# ÆÄÀÏ¸í¿¡ IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù<br /> +VirtualDocumentRootIP /www/hosts/%0/docs<br /> +VirtualScriptAliasIP /www/hosts/%0/cgi-bin<br /> +</code></p></div> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="oldversion" id="oldversion">¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ÀÌÀü ¹öÀü »ç¿ëÇϱâ</a></h2> + + <p>À§ ¿¹µéÀº ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ¹öÀü 1.3.6 ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ + <code>mod_vhost_alias</code>À» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. + <code>mod_vhost_alias</code>°¡ ¾ø´Â ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ¹öÀüÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é + ÀÌ¹Ì ¸»ÇßµíÀÌ <code>mod_rewrite</code>¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©, ´Ü + Host:-Çì´õ±â¹Ý °¡»óÈ£½ºÆ®¸¸À», ±¸ÇöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.</p> + + <p>¶Ç ·Î±×¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ÁÖÀÇÇÒ Á¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 1.3.6¿¡¼ + ·Î±×Çü½Ä Áö½Ã¾î <code>%V</code>°¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾú°í, ¹öÀü 1.3.0 + - 1.3.3¿¡¼ ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀ» <code>%v</code> ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ´ë½Å Çß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª + ¹öÀü 1.3.4¿¡´Â ÀÌ·± ±â´ÉÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ¾î¶² ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ¹öÀü¿¡¼µµ + <code>.htaccess</code> ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ <code>UseCanonicalName</code> + Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ·Î±×¿¡ ÀÌ»óÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÌ ±â·ÏµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. + ±×·¯¹Ç·Î °¡Àå ÁÁÀº ¹æ¹ýÀº <code>%{Host}i</code> Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ + »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© <code>Host:</code> Çì´õ¸¦ Á÷Á¢ ·Î±×¿¡ ³²±â´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. + ¶Ç, ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº <code>%V</code>´Â Æ÷ÇÔÇÏÁö¾Ê´Â <code>:port</code>¸¦ + µÚ¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.</p> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="simple.rewrite" id="simple.rewrite"><code>mod_rewrite</code>¸¦ + »ç¿ëÇÑ °£´ÜÇÑ µ¿Àû °¡»óÈ£½ºÆ®</a></h2> + + <p>´ÙÀ½Àº <a href="#simple">ù¹ø° ¿¹</a>¿Í °°Àº ÀÏÀ» ÇÏ´Â + <code>httpd.conf</code> ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù. óÀ½ Àý¹ÝÀº ù¹ø° ¿¹¿Í + °ÅÀÇ ºñ½ÁÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀÌÀü ¹öÀü°úÀÇ È£È¯¼º°ú <code>mod_rewrite</code>ÀÇ + ÀûÀýÇÑ µ¿ÀÛÀ» À§ÇØ ¼öÁ¤µÇ¾ú´Ù. ³ª¸ÓÁö Àý¹ÝÀº ½ÇÁ¦ ÀÛ¾÷À» + ÇÏ´Â <code>mod_rewrite</code>¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.</p> + + <p>Ưº°È÷ ÁÖÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÒ »çÇ×ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î + <code>mod_rewrite</code>´Â (<code>mod_alias</code> µî) ´Ù¸¥ + URI ¹ø¿ª ¸ðµâ ÀÌÀü¿¡ ½ÇÇàµÈ´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ´Ù¸¥ URI ¹ø¿ª ¸ðµâµé°ú + °°ÀÌ µ¿ÀÛÇÒ °ÍÀ» °í·ÁÇÏ¿© <code>mod_rewrite</code>¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. + ¶Ç, µ¿Àû °¡»óÈ£½ºÆ®¿¡¼ <code>ScriptAlias</code>°ú °°Àº + ±â´ÉÀ» À§Çؼ´Â Ưº°ÇÑ ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.</p> + +<div class="example"><p><code> +# Host: Çì´õ¿¡¼ ¼¹ö¸íÀ» ¾ò´Â´Ù<br /> +UseCanonicalName Off<br /> +<br /> +# splittable logs<br /> +LogFormat "%{Host}i %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon<br /> +CustomLog logs/access_log vcommon<br /> +<br /> +<Directory /www/hosts><br /> +<span class="indent"> + # ScriptAlias ½ÄÀ¸·Î CGI ½ÇÇàÀ» °Á¦ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø±â¶§¹®¿¡<br /> + # ¿©±â¿¡ ExecCGI¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù<br /> + Options FollowSymLinks ExecCGI<br /> +</span> +</Directory><br /> +<br /> +# ÀÌÁ¦ ¾î·Á¿î ºÎºÐÀÌ´Ù<br /> +<br /> +RewriteEngine On<br /> +<br /> +# Host: Çì´õ¿¡¼ °¡Á®¿Â ¼¹ö¸í¿¡´Â ´ë¼Ò¹®ÀÚ°¡ µÚ¼¯¿©ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù<br /> +RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower<br /> +<br /> +## ÀÏ¹Ý ¹®¼¸¦ ¸ÕÀú ó¸®ÇÑ´Ù:<br /> +# Alias /icons/ °¡ µ¿ÀÛÇϵµ·Ï - ´Ù¸¥ alias¿¡ ´ëÇؼµµ ¹Ýº¹<br /> +RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/icons/<br /> +# CGI°¡ µ¿ÀÛÇϵµ·Ï<br /> +RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/cgi-bin/<br /> +# Ưº°ÇÑ ÀÛ¾÷<br /> +RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ /www/hosts/${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}/docs/$1<br /> +<br /> +## ÀÌÁ¦ CGI¸¦ ó¸®ÇÑ´Ù - MIME typeÀ» °Á¦ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù<br /> +RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/cgi-bin/<br /> +RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ /www/hosts/${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}/cgi-bin/$1 [T=application/x-httpd-cgi]<br /> +<br /> +# ³¡! +</code></p></div> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="homepages.rewrite" id="homepages.rewrite"><code>mod_rewrite</code>¸¦ + »ç¿ëÇÑ È¨ÆäÀÌÁö ½Ã½ºÅÛ</a></h2> + + <p>´ÙÀ½Àº <a href="#homepages">µÎ¹ø° ¿¹</a>¿Í °°Àº ÀÏÀ» + ÇÑ´Ù.</p> + +<div class="example"><p><code> +RewriteEngine on<br /> +<br /> +RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower<br /> +<br /> +# CGI°¡ µ¿ÀÛÇϵµ·Ï<br /> +RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/cgi-bin/<br /> +<br /> +# RewriteRuleÀÌ µ¿ÀÛÇϵµ·Ï È£½ºÆ®¸íÀÌ ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥Áö °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù<br /> +RewriteCond ${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}} ^www\.[a-z-]+\.isp\.com$<br /> +<br /> +# °¡»óÈ£½ºÆ®¸íÀ» URI ¾Õ¿¡ ºÙÀδÙ<br /> +# [C]´Â ÀÌ °á°ú¸¦ °¡Áö°í ´ÙÀ½ ÀçÀÛ¼ºÀ» ¼öÇàÇÔÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù<br /> +RewriteRule ^(.+) ${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}$1 [C]<br /> +<br /> +# ÀÌÁ¦ ½ÇÁ¦ ÆÄÀϸíÀ» ¸¸µç´Ù<br /> +RewriteRule ^www\.([a-z-]+)\.isp\.com/(.*) /home/$1/$2<br /> +<br /> +# Àüü CGI µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù<br /> +ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /www/std-cgi/ +</code></p></div> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="xtra-conf" id="xtra-conf">º°µµÀÇ °¡»óÈ£½ºÆ® ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏ + »ç¿ëÇϱâ</a></h2> + + <p>´ÙÀ½Àº <code>mod_rewrite</code>ÀÇ °í±Þ ±â´ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© + º°µµÀÇ ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏÀ» °¡Áö°í °¡»óÈ£½ºÆ®ÀÇ ¹®¼·çÆ®¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æ³½´Ù. + ´õ À¯¿¬ÇÏÁö¸¸ ´õ º¹ÀâÇÑ ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.</p> + + <p><code>vhost.map</code> ÆÄÀÏÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù:</p> + +<div class="example"><p><code> +www.customer-1.com /www/customers/1<br /> +www.customer-2.com /www/customers/2<br /> +# ...<br /> +www.customer-N.com /www/customers/N<br /> +</code></p></div> + + <p><code>http.conf</code>´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù:</p> + +<div class="example"><p><code> +RewriteEngine on<br /> +<br /> +RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower<br /> +<br /> +# ´ëÀÀÆÄÀÏÀ» Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù<br /> +RewriteMap vhost txt:/www/conf/vhost.map<br /> +<br /> +# À§¿Í °°ÀÌ aliasµéÀ» ó¸®ÇÑ´Ù<br /> +RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/icons/<br /> +RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/cgi-bin/<br /> +RewriteCond ${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}} ^(.+)$<br /> +# ÆÄÀÏ ³»¿ëÀ» °¡Áö°í ã´Â´Ù<br /> +RewriteCond ${vhost:%1} ^(/.*)$<br /> +RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ %1/docs/$1<br /> +<br /> +RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/cgi-bin/<br /> +RewriteCond ${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}} ^(.+)$<br /> +RewriteCond ${vhost:%1} ^(/.*)$<br /> +RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ %1/cgi-bin/$1 +</code></p></div> + +</div></div> +<div class="bottomlang"> +<p><span>°¡´ÉÇÑ ¾ð¾î: </span><a href="../en/vhosts/mass.html" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="../fr/vhosts/mass.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> | +<a href="../ko/vhosts/mass.html" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="../tr/vhosts/mass.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manual/vhosts/mass.html.tr.utf8 b/docs/manual/vhosts/mass.html.tr.utf8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bfac687 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/vhosts/mass.html.tr.utf8 @@ -0,0 +1,334 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="tr" xml:lang="tr"><head> +<meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" /> +<!-- + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + --> +<title>Devingen olarak Yapılandırılan Kitlesel Sanal Barındırma - Apache HTTP Sunucusu Sürüm 2.4</title> +<link href="../style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> +<link href="../style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> +<link href="../style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../style/css/prettify.css" /> +<script src="../style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript"> +</script> + +<link href="../images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> +<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header"> +<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modüller</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Yönergeler</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">SSS</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Terimler</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Site Haritası</a></p> +<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Sunucusu Sürüm 2.4</p> +<img alt="" src="../images/feather.png" /></div> +<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div> +<div id="path"> +<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Sunucusu</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Belgeleme</a> > <a href="../">Sürüm 2.4</a> > <a href="./">Sanal Konaklar</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Devingen olarak Yapılandırılan Kitlesel Sanal Barındırma</h1> +<div class="toplang"> +<p><span>Mevcut Diller: </span><a href="../en/vhosts/mass.html" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="../fr/vhosts/mass.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> | +<a href="../ko/vhosts/mass.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="../tr/vhosts/mass.html" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div> + + + <p>Bu belgede sanal konakların sonu belirsiz bir şekilde artışı karşısında + Apache HTTP Sunucusunun nasıl daha verimli kullanılacağı açıklanmıştır. + Devingen kitlesel konakları oluşturmak için <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> + modülünün kullanımını açıklayan <a href="../rewrite/vhosts.html">ayrı bir + belge</a> de mevcuttur. + </p> + +</div> +<div id="quickview"><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/contributing.html" class="badge"><img src="https://www.apache.org/images/SupportApache-small.png" alt="Support Apache!" /></a><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#motivation">Amaç</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#overview">Genel Bakış</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#simple">mod_vhost_alias ile Kitlesel Sanal Konaklar</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#homepages">Basitleştirilmiş Kitlesel Sanal Konaklar</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#combinations">Aynı Sunucuda Kişisel ve Kurumsal Sanal Konaklar</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ipbased">IP’ye dayalı sanal konakları daha verimli kılmak</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#simple.rewrite"><code>mod_rewrite</code> ile Kitlesel Sanal Konaklar</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#macro"><code>mod_macro</code> ile Kitlesel Sanal Konaklar</a></li> +</ul><h3>Ayrıca bakınız:</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Yorumlar</a></li></ul></div> +<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="motivation" id="motivation">Amaç</a></h2> + + <p>Burada açıklanan teknikler, <code>httpd.conf</code> dosyanızın + örnekteki gibi, aslında hemen hemen birbirinin aynı çok sayıda + <code><VirtualHost></code> bölümü içereceği zaman yapılacaklar ile + ilgilidir.</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><VirtualHost 111.22.33.44> + ServerName musteri-1.example.com + DocumentRoot "/siteler/musteri-1/belgeler" + ScriptAlias "/cgi-bin/" "/siteler/musteri-1/cgi-bin" +</VirtualHost> + +<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44> + ServerName musteri-2.example.com + DocumentRoot "/siteler/musteri-2/belgeler" + ScriptAlias "/cgi-bin/" "/siteler/musteri-2/cgi-bin" +</VirtualHost> + +<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44> + ServerName musteri-N.example.com + DocumentRoot "/siteler/musteri-N/belgeler" + ScriptAlias "/cgi-bin/" "/siteler/musteri-N/cgi-bin" +</VirtualHost></pre> + + + <p>İsteğimiz çok sayıda <code><VirtualHost></code> bölümünü devingen + olarak çalışan tek bir <code><VirtualHost></code> bölümüyle + değiştirmektir. Bunun elbette bazı getirileri olacaktır:</p> + + <ol> + <li>Yapılandırma dosyanız küçüleceği için Apache daha çabuk + başlatılabilecek ve daha az bellek harcayacaktır. Muhtemelen daha da + önemlisi, küçülmüş bir yapılandırmanın bakımı da kolaylaşacağı için + hatalar da azalacaktır.</li> + + <li>Yeni sanal konakların eklenmesi, DNS’de yeni girdiler oluşturmak ve + dosya sisteminde bununla ilgili dizinleri açmak dışında biraz daha + basit olacaktır; en azından Apache’yi yeniden yapılandırmak ve yeniden + başlatmak zorunda kalmayacaksınız.</li> + </ol> + + <p>Ana götürüsü ise her sanal konak için ayrı birer günlük dosyasına sahip + olamayacak olmanızdır. Öte yandan, <a href="fd-limits.html">dosya + tanıtıcılarının sınırlı olması</a> nedeniyle bunu yapmayı zaten + istemezsiniz. Günlük kayıtları için bir <a href="../logs.html#piped">fifo + veya bir boru hattı</a> oluşturmak ve diğer uçta çalışan bir süreç + vasıtasıyla günlükleri müşterilere paylaştırmak daha iyidir. Böyle bir + işlemle ilgili bir örneği <a href="../programs/split-logfile.html">split-logfile</a> aracının belgesinde bulabilirsiniz.</p> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="overview" id="overview">Genel Bakış</a></h2> + + <p>Bir sanal konak iki bilgiye bakarak belirlenir: IP adresi ve HTTP + isteğindeki <code>Host:</code> başlığının içeriği. Devingen sanal + barındırma tekniği, isteği yerine getirmek için kullanılacak dosya + yoluna bu bilgiyi kendiliğinden girmek esasına dayanır. Bu, Apache httpd + ile <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code> modülünü kullanarak oldukça kolay + yapılabileceği gibi <a href="../rewrite/vhosts.html">mod_rewrite modülü + de kullanılabilir</a>.</p> + + <p>Bu modüllerin her ikisi de öntanımlı olarak devre dışıdır. Bu tekniği + kullanmak isterseniz Apache httpd'yi yeniden yapılandırıp derleyerek bu + iki modülü etkin duruma getirmeniz gerekir.</p> + + <p>Devingen sanal konağı normal bir sanal konak gibi göstermek için + bazı bilgileri istekten saptamak gerekir. Bunlardan en önemlisi, + httpd tarafından göreli URL’lerden normal URL’leri ve benzerlerini + üretmek için kullanılan sunucu ismidir. Sunucu ismi + <code>ServerName</code> yönergesi ile yapılandırılır ve CGI’ler + tarafından <code>SERVER_NAME</code> ortam değişkeni üzerinden + kullanılır. Çalışma anındaki asıl değer <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#usecanonicalname">UseCanonicalName</a></code> yönergesi tarafından denetlenir. + <code>UseCanonicalName Off</code> olduğunda sunucu ismi isteğin + <code>Host:</code> başlık alanından elde edilir. <code>UseCanonicalName + DNS</code> belirtilmişse, sunucu ismi, sanal konağın IP adresinden + tersine DNS sorgusu yapılarak elde edilir. Birincisi isme dayalı sanal + konaklar tarafından ikincisi ise IP’ye dayalı sanal konaklar tarafından + kullanılır. Eğer httpd, istekte <code>Host:</code> başlığının olmayışı + veya DNS sorgusunun başarısız olması sebebiyle sunucu ismini elde + edemezse son çare olarak <code>ServerName</code> yönergesinde yazılı + değeri kullanır.</p> + + <p>Saptanan bilgilerden biri de <code>DocumentRoot</code> + yönergesi ile yapılandırılan belge kök dizini olup CGI’ler tarafından + <code>DOCUMENT_ROOT</code> ortam değişkeni üzerinden kullanılır. Normal + yapılandırmada <code class="module"><a href="../mod/core.html">core</a></code> modülü tarafından dosya isimlerini + URI’lere eşlerken kullanılır. Fakat sunucu devingen sanal konakları + kullanmak üzere yapılandırıldığında, eşleştirmeyi farklı yollardan yapan + başka bir modül devreye girer (<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code> veya + <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>). <code>DOCUMENT_ROOT</code> ortam + değişkenine değerini atamaktan sorumlu olan bu iki modülden biri + kullanılmazsa CGI veya SSI belgeleri yanlış değerlerle üretilirler.</p> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="simple" id="simple">mod_vhost_alias ile Kitlesel Sanal Konaklar</a></h2> + + <p>Yukarıda <a href="#motivation">Amaç</a> bölümünde özetlenen sanal konak + düzenlemesinin <code>mod_vhost_alias</code> kullanarak gerçekleştirilmiş + halini içeren <code>httpd.conf</code> bölümü aşağıdadır.</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config"># sunucu ismini Host: başlığından elde edelim +UseCanonicalName Off + +# Bu günlükleme biçiminde split-logfile aracı kullanılarak +# sanal konak günlükleri ilk alana göre ayrıştırılabilir +LogFormat "%V %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon +CustomLog "logs/access_log vcommon" + +# istekleri yerine getirmek için kullanılacak +# dosya isimlerine sunucu ismini ekleyelim +VirtualDocumentRoot "/siteler/%0/belgeler" +VirtualScriptAlias "/siteler/%0/cgi-bin"</pre> + + + <p>Bu yapılandırmayı IP’ye dayalı sanal konaklar için kullanmak isterseniz + <code>UseCanonicalName Off</code> yerine <code>UseCanonicalName + DNS</code> yazmanız yeterlidir. Böylece dosya ismine eklenecek konak + ismi sanal konağın IP adresinden türetilir. <code>%0</code> değişkeni, + <code>Host:</code> başlığı ile belirlenen istekteki sunucu isminin + ifadesidir.</p> + + <p>Kullanım örnekleri için <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code>modülünün + belgesine bakınız.</p> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="homepages" id="homepages">Basitleştirilmiş Kitlesel Sanal Konaklar</a></h2> + + <p>Bu sistem, yukarıdaki yapılandırmanın bir ISS’nin sunucusuna + uyarlanmasından başka bir şey değildir. <code>%2</code> değişkenini + kullanarak, dosya isminde kullanmak üzere sunucu isminin alt dizgelerini + seçebiliriz, böylece, örneğin <code>www.user.example.com</code> belgeleri + <code>/home/user/www</code> dizininde bulunabilir. Farklı olarak her + sanal konak için bir tane değil hepsi için bir tane <code>cgi-bin</code> + olacaktır.</p> + + <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">UseCanonicalName Off + +LogFormat "%V %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon +CustomLog "logs/access_log" vcommon + +# sunucu ismini içerecek dosya isimlerini oluşturalım +VirtualDocumentRoot "/home/%2/www" + +# ortak cgi-bin dizini +ScriptAlias "/cgi-bin/" "/siteler/std-cgi/"</pre> + + + <p><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code> belgesinde daha karmaşık + <code>VirtualDocumentRoot</code> örnekleri vardır.</p> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="combinations" id="combinations">Aynı Sunucuda Kişisel ve Kurumsal Sanal Konaklar</a></h2> + + <p>Daha karmaşık ayarlamalar yaparak httpd’nin normal + <code><VirtualHost></code> bölümlerini farklı kitlesel sanal konak + yapılandırmaları için kullanabilirsiniz. Örneğin, bireysel + müşterileriniz için bir IP adresiniz, kurumsal müşterileriniz için de + başka bir IP adresiniz olsun. Her biri için ayrı ayrı sanal konaklar + ayarlamak yerine aşağıdaki gibi bir yapılandırma kullanabilirsiniz:</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">UseCanonicalName Off + +LogFormat "%V %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon + +<Directory "/siteler/kurumsal"> + Options FollowSymLinks + AllowOverride All +</Directory> + +<Directory "/siteler/bireysel"> + Options FollowSymLinks + AllowOverride None +</Directory> + +<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44> + ServerName kurumsal.example.com + + CustomLog "logs/access_log.kurumsal" vcommon + + VirtualDocumentRoot "/siteler/kurumsal/%0/belgeler" + VirtualScriptAlias "/siteler/kurumsal/%0/cgi-bin" +</VirtualHost> + +<VirtualHost 111.22.33.45> + ServerName bireysel.example.com + + CustomLog "logs/access_log.bireysel" vcommon + + VirtualDocumentRoot "/siteler/bireysel/%0/belgeler" + ScriptAlias "/cgi-bin/" "/siteler/std-cgi/" +</VirtualHost></pre> + + + <div class="note"><h3>Bilginize</h3> + <p>Eğer ilk <code><VirtualHost></code> bölümü bir <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#servername">ServerName</a></code> yönergesi içermezse ilgili IP + için ters DNS sorgusu yapılır. Eğer sorgudan elde edilen isim + sunucunun ismi değilse bu istenmeyen duruma bir çözüm olarak bir + bilgilendirme bölümü (örn, <code>ServerName bilgi.example.com</code>) + eklenebilir.</p> + </div> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="ipbased" id="ipbased">IP’ye dayalı sanal konakları daha verimli kılmak</a></h2> + + + <p><a href="#simple">İlk örnekte</a> IP’ye dayalı sanal konaklar için + kullanılmak istenirse yapılandırmada neyin nasıl değiştirileceği + belirtilmişti. Her istek için ayrı bir DNS sorgusu gerekeceğinden bu + başarım düşmesine yol açar. DNS sorgusu ihtiyacını ortadan kaldırmak + için, bir çözüm olarak dosya sistemi, konak isimleri yerine IP + adreslerine göre düzenlenebilir. Günlük kayıtları da IP adreslerine göre + ayrıştırılacak şekilde ayarlanabilir.</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint lang-config"># Sunucu ismini IP adresinden ters DNS sorgusu ile elde edelim +UseCanonicalName DNS + +# Günlük kayıtları IP adreslerine göre ayrıştırılabilsin +LogFormat "%A %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon +CustomLog "logs/access_log" vcommon + +# dosya isimleri IP adreslerini içersin +VirtualDocumentRootIP "/siteler/%0/belgeler" +VirtualScriptAliasIP "/siteler/%0/cgi-bin"</pre> + + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="simple.rewrite" id="simple.rewrite"><code>mod_rewrite</code> ile Kitlesel Sanal Konaklar</a></h2> + + + <p>Kitlesel sanal barındırma <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> modülü kullanarak + da gerçeklenebilir. Ya basitçe <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code> yönergelerini kullanırsınız ya da daha karmaşık + olarak sanal konak tanımlarınızı harici bir yerde tutar ve bunlara + <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritemap">RewriteMap</a></code> yönergesini + kullanarak erişirsiniz. Bu teknikler ayrıntılı olarak + <a href="../rewrite/vhosts.html">rewrite belgelerinde</a> + açıklanmıştır.</p> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="macro" id="macro"><code>mod_macro</code> ile Kitlesel Sanal Konaklar</a></h2> + + + <p>Devingen olarak üretilen sanal konaklar için diğer bir seçenek + <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_macro.html">mod_macro</a></code> modülüdür. Bir sanal konak şablonu oluşturup + bunu çok sayıda konak ismi için çağırabilirsiniz. Modül belgelerinin + <strong>Kullanım</strong> bölümünde böyle bir örneğe yer verilmiştir.</p> +</div></div> +<div class="bottomlang"> +<p><span>Mevcut Diller: </span><a href="../en/vhosts/mass.html" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="../fr/vhosts/mass.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> | +<a href="../ko/vhosts/mass.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="../tr/vhosts/mass.html" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Yorumlar</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. 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