Adding upstream version 5.2.15.upstream/5.2.15upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

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+This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.2-release, and
+the previous version, bash-5.2-rc4.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. When replacing a history entry, make sure the existing entry has a non-NULL
+   timestamp before copying it; it may have been added by the application, not
+   the history library.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.2-rc4, and
+the previous version, bash-5.2-rc3.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Changed how the compatibility mode enabling of extglob works in conjunction
+   with parsing conditional commands.
+
+b. Fixed a problem with aliases containing command substitutions.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.2-rc3, and
+the previous version, bash-5.2-rc2.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Added a compatibility mode feature that causes the parser to parse command
+   substitutions as if extglob were enabled. If it is enabled before execution,
+   parse at execution will succeed. If not, the subsequent execution parse will
+   fail.
+
+b. Fixed an issue with handling a `return' executed in a trap action if the
+   trap is executed while running in a shell function.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. Readline now checks for changes to locale settings (LC_ALL/LC_CTYPE/LANG)
+   each time it is called, and modifies the appropriate locale-specific display
+   and key binding variables when the locale changes.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.2-rc2, and
+the previous version, bash-5.2-rc1.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug that could disable history saving after a compound array
+   assignment in an interactive shell.
+
+b. Fixed a bug that could cause incorrect error messages when running a DEBUG
+   trap during a conditional or arithmetic command.
+
+c. Fixed a bug that caused test to print an error message when given ! ! arg
+   as arguments.
+
+d. Fixed a bug that resulted in incorrect error messages when completing a
+   backquoted command substitution.
+
+e. Changed command substitution parsing to reproduce the original text more
+   closely when reconsituting the command string from the parsed command.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that could cause an EXIT trap to use the wrong variable context
+   when the errexit option is set.
+
+g. Fixed a bug that could cause the parser to incorrectly delimit a token when
+   an alias expansion ended with a multibyte character.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. Since there is no `declare -' equivalent of `local -', make sure to use
+   `local -' in the output of `local -p'.
+
+b. Null anchored matches in pattern substitution now process `&' in the
+   replacement string, like sed.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.2-rc1, and
+the previous version, bash-5.2-beta.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Changes to `wait -p' and how it sets the variable name in the presence of
+   valid and invalid PID arguments.
+
+b. Fixed a bug that caused compgen to dump core if the completion engine was
+   not initialized.
+
+c. Fixed a memory leak in the variable name programmable completion code.
+
+d. Here-documents and here-strings use tempfiles if the shell compatibility
+   level is 50 or lower.
+
+e. Non-interactive shells exit on a syntax error encountered while parsing a
+   command substitution.
+
+f. Fixed a bug with inherited parser state while parsing a command substitution.
+
+g. Fixed a bug that caused the shell not to check for terminating signals
+   after executing the command_string supplied with `-c' and before executing
+   the exit trap.
+
+h. Changes to avoid a make race condition while generating builtins.c.
+
+i. Make it explicit that BASH_REMATCH is always a global variable, and that
+   local copies are (currently) ignored.
+
+j. Fixed a bug that caused an ambiguous redirection (>&word) to be printed
+   incorrectly (>&word) if no file descriptor was supplied.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a bug that caused rl_eof_found to be set prematurely while reading a
+   multi-character key sequence in callback mode.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. In posix mode, the `printf' builtin checks for the `L' length modifier and
+   uses long double for floating point conversion specifiers if it's present,
+   double otherwise.
+
+b. The `globbing' completion code now takes the `globstar' option into account.
+
+c. `suspend -f' now forces the shell to suspend even if job control is not
+   currently enabled.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.2-beta, and
+the previous version, bash-5.2-alpha.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a problem with command-oriented history and multi-line commands that
+   caused embedded blank lines to be run together.
+
+b. Changed the way `&' is quoted when performing pattern substitution and
+   `patsub_replacement' is enabled.
+
+c. Fixed some integer overflows when expanding strings or reading the output
+   of command substitution larger than 2GB.
+
+d. `wait -p' without the `-n' option now does something useful if there are no
+   jobs.
+
+e. Fixed an issue with read timeouts in posix mode.
+
+f. Changed here-document processing to process $'...' and $"..." only when they
+   appear in the WORD portion of ${PARAM OP WORD} in the here-document body
+   and the body is being expanded.
+
+g. Changed alias expansion in command substitution to be posix-conformant
+   (performed while initially parsing the command substitution) when in posix
+   mode.
+
+h. Bash optimizes away more forks in subshells.
+
+i. Here-document construction now performs quote removal on the here-document
+   delimiter only if it's marked as quoted, which prevents quote characters in
+   command substitutions from being removed.
+
+j. Prompt string expansion now gives invisible characters in the expansion of
+   the \w, \W, and \s escape sequences a visible representation to avoid
+   problems with redisplay.
+
+k. Fixed a problem with SIGINT during the execution of a command bound with
+   `bind -x' affecting the saved terminal settings.
+
+l. Fixed an inconsistency with how $@ expands in a construct like ${@:+set}
+   or ${array[@]:+set} in the presence of null positional parameters or
+   array elements.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Prevent some display problems when running a command as the result of a
+   trap or one bound using `bind -x' and the command generates output.
+
+b. Fixed an issue with multi-line prompt strings that have one or more
+   invisible characters at the end of a physical line.
+
+c. Fixed an issue that caused a history line's undo list to be cleared when
+   it should not have been.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. There is a new bindable readline command name: `vi-edit-and-execute-command'.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. Two new bindable string variables: active-region-start-color and
+   active-region-end-color. The first sets the color used to display the
+   active region; the second turns it off. If set, these are used in place
+   of terminal standout mode.
+
+b. New readline state (RL_STATE_EOF) and application-visible variable
+   (rl_eof_found) to allow applications to detect when readline reads EOF
+   before calling the deprep-terminal hook.
+
+c. There is a new configuration option: --with-shared-termcap-library, which
+   forces linking the shared readline library with the shared termcap (or
+   curses/ncurses/termlib) library so applications don't have to do it.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.2-alpha, and
+the previous version, bash-5.1-release.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug that assigned a value to the variable name supplied as an
+   argument to `wait -p' when there were no jobs.
+
+b. Fixed a bug that resulted in performing incorrect word expansion on the
+   key/value pairs in a compound array assignment.
+
+c. Fixed a bug that could put the child forked to run a command substitution
+   into the wrong process group.
+
+d. Fixed a problem that could cause the lastpipe option to work incorrectly if
+   file descriptor 0 was closed.
+
+e. Bash tries to suppress traps if a forked child receives a trapped signal
+   before it has a chance to reset its signal handlers.
+
+f. Fixed several memory leaks in compound array assignments.
+
+g. Fixed a problem with performing an assignment with `+=' to an array element
+   that was the value of a nameref.
+
+h. Fixed a bug that could cause a nameref containing an array reference using
+   `@' or `*' not to expand to multiple words.
+
+i. Fixed a bug where extended glob functions could match `.' or `..' when it
+   wasn't explicitly specified, even if dotglob was set.
+
+j. Fixed a bug that caused non-interactive posix-mode shells not to exit on a
+   variable assignment error while assigning into the temporary environment.
+
+k. Fixed a bug that caused parsing errors if an alias contained a compound
+   array assignment.
+
+l. Fixed a couple of instances where bash checked syntax too aggressively when
+   trying to determine how to add a partial command to command-oriented
+   history.
+
+m. Fixed a parser problem that caused it not to allow reserved words to follow
+   the `((' and `[[' commands.
+
+n. Fixed a bad offset calculation when using negative offsets to `history -d'.
+
+o. Fixed an off-by-one error that caused a read past the end of a buffer when
+   reading a multibyte character from the output of a command substitution.
+
+p. Fixed a problem with a failed `exec' command not setting $? to the right
+   value for an exit trap.
+
+q. Fixed a problem that caused bash not to unlink FIFOs created as part of
+   expanding redirections for an external command.
+
+r. Fixed a bug that could cause aliases not to be expanded in case statements.
+
+s. Fixed a bug that could cause word completion to attempt programmable
+   completion for the target of a redirection, instead of filename completion.
+
+t. Fixed a bug that could result in errors after rebinding a key sequence with
+   `bind -x' multiple times.
+
+u. Fixed a problem that could result in not quoting the result when performing
+   command name completion with a glob pattern in the command name.
+
+v. `mapfile' now uses fully-buffered reads in more cases, which should improve
+   bulk read performance.
+
+w. Fixed a bug that caused `wait -n' to not reset its internal state when
+   interrupted by a signal, resulting in subsequent calls failing.
+
+x. Fixed a bug with parsing numeric arguments to readline key sequences
+   installed with `bind -x'.
+
+y. Bash suppresses forking in several additional cases, including most uses
+   of $(<file).
+
+z. If there are multiple `!' tokens in a [[ command, toggle the invert state
+   instead of setting it unconditionally.
+
+aa. Fixed a bug where running `fc' on an empty history list would cause the
+    shell to crash.
+
+bb. Word completion now checks whether or not a quote character closes a
+    quoted string begun on a previous line, so readline doesn't interpret the
+    quote as starting a new quoted string.
+
+cc. Fixed a typo that translated \UNNNNNNNN characters that were not valid in
+    the current locale encoding as \uNNNNNNNN.
+
+dd. Fixed an issue that could cause bash to print timing statistics for the
+    wrong command when `set -e' causes a command to fail.
+
+ee. Bash now runs the exit trap in function context if a failed command in
+    the function causes the shell to exit.
+
+ff. Some fixes to how subshells modify $SHLVL.
+
+gg. Fixed a bug that caused `mapfile -t' not to remove the delimiter when the
+    delimiter is > 128 in the current encoding.
+
+hh. Fixed a problem that could cause the shell to attempt to free unallocated
+    memory if an expansion error occurred.
+
+ii. Fixed a bug in the bash malloc implementation of malloc_usable_size. Bash
+    did not use it, but it could cause problems with library functions that
+    did.
+
+jj. If the `exec' builtin fails, and the shell does not exit, it restores
+    trapped signals to their trapped state.
+
+kk. Fixed a bug that could cause variable assignment arguments to `declare' to
+    expand variables using attributes that the call to declare was turning off.
+
+ll. Fixed a bug with LINENO and arithmetic for commands.
+
+mm. Fixed a posix-mode bug that caused tildes not to be expanded after an
+    unquoted colon on the right side of an assignment statement.
+
+nn. Fixed a problem with `caller' and line numbers when executing an ERR trap.
+
+oo. Fixed a problem that could make the value returned by ${a:=b} not be the
+    final value assigned to a (e.g., if `a' has an attribute that modifies
+    the value on assignment).
+
+pp. Fixed a problem with saving multi-line here-documents to the history list
+    where the here-document delimiter does not appear on the first line.
+
+qq. Fixed a bug with using += to assign to dynamic variables like RANDOM.
+
+rr. Fixed a bug that caused `set -n' to modify $? if set after execution had
+    started.
+
+ss. Builtins like printf/read/wait now behave more consistently when assigning
+    arbitrary keys to associative arrays (like `]'. when appropriately quoted).
+
+tt. Fixed a problem with here-document collection printing the wrong prompt
+    when parsing a compound list in an interactive shell.
+
+uu. Fixed a problem with quoting shell expansion characters (like `$') when
+    they appear in a tab-completed word along with characters that do need
+    quoting (e.g.. $HOME/VirtualBox VMs).
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a problem with cleaning up active marks when using callback mode.
+
+b. Fixed a problem with arithmetic comparison operators checking the version.
+
+c. Fixed a problem that could cause readline not to build on systems without
+   POSIX signal functions.
+
+d. Fixed a bug that could cause readline to crash if the application removed
+   the callback line handler before readline read all typeahead.
+
+e. Added additional checks for read errors in the middle of readline commands.
+
+f. Fixed a redisplay problem that occurred when switching from the digit-
+   argument prompt `(arg: N)' back to the regular prompt and the regular
+   prompt contained invisible characters.
+
+g. Fixed a problem with restoring the prompt when aborting an incremental
+   search.
+
+h. Fix a problem with characters > 128 not being displayed correctly in certain
+   single-byte encodings.
+
+i. Fixed a problem with unix-filename-rubout that caused it to delete too much
+   when applied to a pathname consisting only of one or more slashes.
+
+j. Fixed a display problem that caused the prompt to be wrapped incorrectly if
+   the screen changed dimensions during a call to readline() and the prompt
+   became longer than the screen width.
+
+k. Fixed a problem that caused the \r output by turning off bracketed paste
+   to overwrite the line if terminal echo was disabled.
+
+l. Fixed a bug that could cause colored-completion-prefix to not display if
+   completion-prefix-display-length was set.
+
+m. Fixed a problem with line wrapping prompts when a group of invisible
+   characters runs to the right edge of the screen and the prompt extends
+   longer then the screen width.
+
+n. Fixed a couple problems that could cause rl_end to be set incorrectly by
+   transpose-words.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. The bash malloc returns memory that is aligned on 16-byte boundaries.
+
+b. There is a new internal timer framework used for read builtin timeouts.
+
+c. Rewrote the command substitution parsing code to call the parser recursively
+   and rebuild the command string from the parsed command. This allows better
+   syntax checking and catches errors much earlier. Along with this, if
+   command substitution parsing completes with here-documents remaining to be
+   read, the shell prints a warning message and reads the here-document bodies
+   from the current input stream.
+
+d. The `ulimit' builtin now treats an operand remaining after all of the options
+   and arguments are parsed as an argument to the last command specified by
+   an option. This is for POSIX compatibility.
+
+e. Here-document parsing now handles $'...' and $"..." quoting when reading the
+   here-document body.
+
+f. The `shell-expand-line' and `history-and-alias-expand-line' bindable readline
+   commands now understand $'...' and $"..." quoting.
+
+g. There is a new `spell-correct-word' bindable readline command to perform
+   spelling correction on the current word.
+
+h. The `unset' builtin now attempts to treat arguments as array subscripts
+   without parsing or expanding the subscript, even when `assoc_expand_once'
+   is not set.
+
+i. There is a default value for $BASH_LOADABLES_PATH in config-top.h.
+
+j. Associative array assignment and certain instances of referencing (e.g.,
+   `test -v') now allow `@' and `*' to be used as keys.
+
+k. Bash attempts to expand indexed and associative array subscripts only
+   once when executing shell constructs and word expansions.
+
+l. The `unset' builtin allows a subscript of `@' or `*' to unset a key with
+   that value for associative arrays instead of unsetting the entire array
+   (which you can still do with `unset arrayname'). For indexed arrays, it
+   removes all elements of the array without unsetting it (like `A=()').
+
+m. Additional builtins (printf/test/read/wait) do a better job of not
+   parsing array subscripts if array_expand_once is set.
+
+n. New READLINE_ARGUMENT variable set to numeric argument for readline commands
+   defined using `bind -x'.
+
+o. The new `varredir_close' shell option causes bash to automatically close
+   file descriptors opened with {var}<fn and other styles of varassign
+   redirection unless they're arguments to the `exec' builtin.
+
+p. The `$0' special parameter is now set to the name of the script when running
+   any (non-interactive) startup files such as $BASH_ENV.
+
+q. The `enable' builtin tries to load a loadable builtin using the default
+   search path if `enable name' (without any options) attempts to enable a
+   non-existent builtin.
+
+r. The `printf' builtin has a new format specifier: %Q. This acts like %q but
+   applies any specified precision to the original unquoted argument, then
+   quotes and outputs the result.
+
+s. The new `noexpand_translations' option controls whether or not the translated
+   output of $"..." is single-quoted.
+
+t. There is a new parameter transformation operator: @k. This is like @K, but
+   expands the result to separate words after word splitting.
+
+u. There is an alternate array implementation, selectable at `configure' time,
+   that optimizes access speed over memory use (use the new configure
+    --enable-alt-array-implementation option).
+
+v. If an [N]<&WORD- or [N]>&WORD- redirection has WORD expand to the empty
+   string, treat the redirection as [N]<&- or [N]>&- and close file descriptor
+   N (default 0).
+
+w. Invalid parameter transformation operators are now invalid word expansions,
+   and so cause fatal errors in non-interactive shells.
+
+x. New shell option: patsub_replacement. When enabled, a `&' in the replacement
+   string of the pattern substitution expansion is replaced by the portion of
+   the string that matched the pattern. Backslash will escape the `&' and
+   insert a literal `&'.
+
+y. `command -p' no longer looks in the hash table for the specified command.
+
+z. The new `--enable-translatable-strings' option to `configure' allows $"..."
+   support to be compiled in or out.
+
+aa. The new `globskipdots' shell option forces pathname expansion never to
+    return `.' or `..' unless explicitly matched. It is enabled by default.
+
+bb. Array references using `@' and `*' that are the value of nameref variables
+    (declare -n ref='v[@]' ; echo $ref) no longer cause the shell to exit if
+    set -u is enabled and the array (v) is unset.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. There is now an HS_HISTORY_VERSION containing the version number of the
+   history library for applications to use.
+
+b. History expansion better understands multiple history expansions that may
+   contain strings that would ordinarily inhibit history expansion (e.g.,
+   `abc!$!$').
+
+c. There is a new framework for readline timeouts, including new public
+   functions to set timeouts and query how much time is remaining before a
+   timeout hits, and a hook function that can trigger when readline times
+   out. There is a new state value to indicate a timeout.
+
+d. Automatically bind termcap key sequences for page-up and page-down to
+   history-search-backward and history-search-forward, respectively.
+
+e. There is a new `fetch-history' bindable command that retrieves the history
+   entry corresponding to its numeric argument. Negative arguments count back
+   from the end of the history.
+
+f. `vi-undo' is now a bindable command.
+
+g. There is a new option: `enable-active-region'. This separates control of
+   the active region and bracketed-paste. It has the same default value as
+   bracketed-paste, and enabling bracketed paste enables the active region.
+   Users can now turn off the active region while leaving bracketed paste
+   enabled.
+
+h. rl_completer_word_break_characters is now `const char *' like
+   rl_basic_word_break_characters.
+
+i. Readline looks in $LS_COLORS for a custom filename extension
+   (*.readline-colored-completion-prefix) and uses that as the default color
+   for the common prefix displayed when `colored-completion-prefix' is set.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.1-rc3, and
+the previous version, bash-5.1-rc2.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. The `assoc_expand_once' option now affects the evaluation of the -v primary
+   to test and the [[ compound command.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a bug that could cause point to be set beyond the end of the line
+   buffer when aborting an incremental search.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.1-rc2, and
+the previous version, bash-5.1-rc1.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Process substitutions started from an interactive shell no longer have their
+   standard input implicitly redirected from /dev/null.
+
+b. Fixed an issue with setting the SIGINT trap handler in an interactive shell
+   when temporarily running $PROMPT_COMMAND non-interactively.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Terminals that are named "dumb" or unknown do not enable bracketed paste
+   by default.
+
+b. Ensure that disabling bracketed paste turns off highlighting the incremental
+   search string when the search is successful.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.1-rc1, and
+the previous version, bash-5.1-beta.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed an inconsistency in the way HISTCMD is calculated when it's expanded
+   during a multi-line command.
+
+b. Modified the change to here-document expansion containing backslash-quoted
+   double quotes.
+
+c. Fixed a case where the shells's exit status could be greater than 255.
+
+d. Modified changed to process substitution so the executed command has its
+   stdin redirected from /dev/null if it was previously interactive and
+   reading commands from the terminal.
+
+2. New Features in Bash
+
+a. There is a new contributed loadable builtin: asort.
+
+3. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a bug that could cause an application with an application-specific
+   redisplay function to crash if the line data structures had not been
+   initialized.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.1-beta, and
+the previous version, bash-5.1-alpha.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug that caused name references to variables to not update the
+   referenced variable's assignment side effects.
+
+b. Tightened up the parameter transformation error checking for invalid
+   transformation operators.
+
+c. System-specific changes for: FreeBSD
+
+d. A few minor changes to move potential uses of stdio functions out of signal
+   handling paths.
+
+e. Make sure SIGCHLD is blocked in all cases where waitchld() is not called
+   from a signal handler.
+
+f. Changed `command' builtin processing so it no longer starts an extra process
+   when run asynchronously (command x &).
+
+g. Avoid performing tilde expansion after `:' in words that look like assignment
+   statements when in posix mode.
+
+h. Slight changes to how the `complete' builtin prints out options and actions
+   for completion specifications.
+
+i. Several changes to how `local -' restores the values of options and
+   $SHELLOPTS.
+
+j. Don't treat a word in a compound assignment as an assignment statement
+   unless it has a valid subscript before the `='.
+
+k. Fixed a bug with the DEBUG trap and process substitution that caused the
+   terminal's process group to be set incorrectly.
+
+l. Fixed a bug that left readline's signal handlers installed while running a
+   shell command from a bindable readline command.
+
+m. Fixed the `fc' builtin to clamp out of range history specifications at the
+   boundaries of the history list for POSIX conformance.
+
+n. Fixed a bug that caused ${foo@a} to treat foo as an unset variable if it
+   was an array without a value for subscript 0/"0" but had other set
+   elements.
+
+o. Fixed a bug that caused the history code to attempt to parse command
+   substitutions looking for shell comments before adding them to the history,
+   even while parsing here-documents.
+
+p. Fixed a bug that could cause a syntax error in a command read by `eval' to
+   exit an interactive shell.
+
+2. New Features in Bash
+
+a. If the hash builtin is listing hashed filenames portably, don't print
+   anything if the table is empty.
+
+b. GLOBIGNORE now ignores `.' and `..' as a terminal pathname component.
+
+c. Bash attempts to optimize away forks in the last command in a function body
+   under appropriate circumstances.
+
+d. The globbing code now uses fnmatch(3) to check collation elements (if
+   available) even in cases without multibyte characters.
+
+e. The `fg' and `bg' builtins now return an error in a command substitution
+   when asked to restart a job inherited from the parent shell.
+
+f. The shell now attempts to unlink all FIFOs on exit, whether a consuming
+   process has finished with them or not.
+
+3. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Make sure that all undo groups are closed when leaving vi insertion mode.
+
+b. Make sure that the vi-mode `C' and `c' commands enter insert mode even if
+   the motion command doesn't have any effect.
+
+c. Fixed several potential memory leaks in the callback mode context handling.
+
+d. If readline is handling a SIGTTOU, make sure SIGTTOU is blocked while
+   executing the terminal cleanup code, since it's no longer run in a signal
+   handling context.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. The signal cleanup code now blocks SIGINT while processing after a SIGINT.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.1-alpha, and
+the previous version, bash-5.0-release.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug that caused a posix-mode shell to not exit if the return builtin
+   was executed outside a function or dot script.
+
+b. Fixed a bug where `declare +f' could potentially turn off the function
+   attribute.
+
+c. Restored bash-4.4 pathname expansion behavior when a word to be expanded had
+   only backslashes, not any of the other globbing characters. This came after
+   an extensive POSIX group discussion (interp #1234).
+
+d. There are more changes to avoid performing word expansions multiple times on
+   arithmetic expressions.
+
+e. Fixed a bug with alias expansion when the alias ends with a TAB.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that caused programmable completion to return an error if the
+   shell function name supplied as an argument to `complete -F' was invalid.
+
+g. There are several fixes to buffer overflows found as the result of fuzzing
+   with random input.
+
+h. Fixed a bug that caused the edit-and-execute-command editing command to
+   start with the previous history line if invoked on an empty line.
+
+i. Fixed a bug that potentially caused `bind --help' to change readline's
+   output stream.
+
+j. Turning off posix mode now restores the vi-insertion mode binding for TAB
+   that was in effect when posix mode was enabled.
+
+k. Restore the previous state of job control being enabled if `exec' fails in
+   an interactive shell.
+
+l. Fixed a bug that caused the terminal's process group to be set incorrectly
+   if job control was turned off before starting an interactive shell.
+
+m. Fixed a bug that caused a crash when HISTSIZE=0.
+
+n. Fixed a word expansion bug that caused null strings on the rhs of expansions
+   to be discarded incorrectly.
+
+o. History list management does a better job of handling the situation where
+   the number of history entries from the current shell session is greater than
+   the number of entries in the history list.
+
+p. Fixed a bug that caused the `fc' builtin to attempt to dereference a newly-
+   freed history entry.
+
+q. Fixed a bug that made the `Q' variable transformation not work well with
+   `set -u'.
+
+r. There are several word expansion fixes for expanding $* and $@ in contexts
+   where word splitting is not going to be performed, since each positional
+   parameter must expand to a separate word.
+
+s. Fixed a bug that could cause ^D to exit bash immediately even if there were
+   stopped jobs.
+
+t. Fixed a bug with double-quoting and backslash-quoting strings containing
+   multibyte characters for reuse.
+
+u. Fixed a bug that caused the line number to be reported incorrectly if the
+   shell executed a (command) subshell.
+
+v. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to fail to reap process substitutions
+   when they went out of scope, which had unpredictable results.
+
+w. Fixed a bug that caused null strings in arguments to [[ conditional command
+   operators to compare incorrectly.
+
+x. Changed the behavior of `wait' without arguments to only wait for background
+   processes the current shell instance started, not background children it may
+   have inherited.
+
+y. Fixed a bug that could cause command substitution to leave file descriptors
+   open if the shell received many SIGINTs.
+
+z. Bash now behaves better if the `**' filename expansion operator encounters a
+   symbolic link to a directory, avoiding more cases where it might return
+   duplicate pathnames.
+
+aa. Programmable completion now canonicalizes directory names in the same way
+    as bash word completion, so `..' is handled consistently.
+
+bb. Fixed a bug when using RETURN as the delimiter to the read builtin; it
+    caused readline to set the binding for RETURN incorrectly.
+
+cc. Fixed a bug that caused `history -d' to delay printing an out-of-range
+    error message.
+
+dd. Fixed a bug with `bash -c command' where `command' ends with an expanded
+    alias.
+
+ee. Fixed a bug that could result in `history -n' adding spurious line feeds to
+    commands in the history list.
+
+ff. The $RANDOM random number generator now XORs the top and bottom halves of
+    the internal 32-bit value to introduce more randomness. Setting the shell
+    compatibility level to 50 or lower undoes this.
+
+gg. Fixed several problems caused by running the DEBUG trap on simple commands
+    executed as part of a pipeline.
+
+ii. Fixed a bug that didn't allow `bind -r' to remove the binding for \C-@.
+
+jj. Several fixes to the bash-backward-shellword bindable readline command to
+    behave better when at the last character on the line.
+
+kk. If `set -x' is enabled, bash doesn't print a command twice if it's run by
+    the `command' builtin.
+
+ll. Fixed a bug with printing function definitions containing here documents.
+
+mm. Fixed a bug that could cause the `bind' builtin to set $? to -1.
+
+nn. Fixed a bug that didn't reset the timezone information correctly when the
+    TZ variable was unset.
+
+oo. Fixed several issues with assigning an associative array variable using a
+    compound assignment that expands the value of the same variable.
+
+pp. Fixed several places where the shell set $? without setting PIPESTATUS.
+
+qq. Fixed a problem with glob bracket expressions containing invalid character
+    classes, collating symbols, or equivalence classes -- they should not
+    require a closing right bracket.
+
+rr. Fixed a bug where running a builtin in a subshell did not run the EXIT trap.
+
+ss. Fixed several problems with posix-mode variable assignments preceding
+    shell function calls and posix special builtins, so that they create and
+    modify variables at the current scope.
+
+tt. Fix history initialization so `bash +o history' works as expected.
+
+uu. Fixed a bug in the bindable edit-and-execute-command command that could
+    interfere with the shell's parsing state.
+
+vv. Fixed an issue with nested traps running command substitutions in command
+    lines with command substitutions.
+
+ww. Fixed a bug with globbing pathnames that contain invalid multibyte
+    characters (sequences that don't correspond to a character in the current
+    locale).
+
+xx. Fixed a bug that caused the shell not to exit if a function definition
+    failed while errexit was enabled.
+
+yy. Process substitution processes now get their input from /dev/null, since
+    they are asynchronous, not interactive, and not jobs.
+
+zz. Setting nocaseglob no longer turns on case-insensitive regexp matching.
+
+aaa. Fixed a bug that resulted in extra blank lines being added to some history
+     entries containing here-documents.
+
+bbb. Fixed a bug that resulted in incorrect matching of some patterns in word
+     expansion if they expanded to the empty string.
+
+ccc. Fixed here-string expansion so it behaves the same as expansion of the
+     rhs of an assignment statement.
+
+ddd. Changed here-document parsing to no longer allow the end of the here
+     document to delimit a command substitution.
+
+eee. Several fixes to history expansion: multiple :p modifiers work, a ^ word
+     designator works as part of a range, and a `-' is treated as part of a
+     search string if it immediately follows a `!'.
+
+fff. Fixed a bug in pattern substitution with null matches in a string
+     containing multibyte characters.
+
+ggg. Unbinding a key sequence bound with `bind -x' now removes the key sequence
+     from the additional keymap `bind -x' uses.
+
+hhh. Fixed a bug with command start detection for completion so that it doesn't
+     mistake brace expansion for the start of a command.
+
+iii. Fixed a bug that caused local variables with the same name as variables
+     appearing in a function's temporary environment to not be marked as local.
+
+jjj. Fixed a bug that could cause SIGCHLD to be blocked when executing return
+     or exec in the rightmost pipeline element with lastpipe enabled.
+
+kkk. Fixed a bug that could result in commands without the execute bit set
+     being added to the command hash table.
+
+lll. Fixed a bug that allowed non-digits to follow the `#' in a `base#number'
+     integer constant.
+
+mmm. Fixed a bug that made `time -- command' attempt to execute `--'.
+
+nnn. Fixed a couple of bugs with variable transformation using arrays
+     subscripted with `*' or `@'.
+
+ooo. A failure to create a variable using `declare' in a function no longer
+     causes the function to return immediately.
+
+ppp. Fixed a bug that could cause the := word expansion to add a non-null
+     value if attempting to assign a null string when double-quoted.
+
+qqq. Fixed a bug that could cause backslashes quoting double quotes in here
+     document bodies to not be removed when expanding the body.
+
+rrr. Fixed a bug that caused commands following a subshell while the shell is
+     reading input from stdin but not interactive, while job control is
+     enabled, to be executed twice.
+
+sss. Fixed a bug where receiving SIGTERM from a different process while
+     readline was active could cause the shell to terminate.
+
+ttt. In posix mode, running a trap after the read builtin now sees the exit
+     status of the read builtin (e.g., 130 after a SIGINT) in $?.
+
+uuu. Fixed a bug with nameref variables referencing array subscripts used in
+     arithmetic expressions.
+
+vvv. Fixed a bug that caused the pipeline process group id to be reset in the
+     middle of a command list run by a shell started to run a command
+     substitution.
+
+www. Restricted shells can no longer read and write history files with pathnames
+     containing slashes.
+
+xxx. Fixed a couple of problems with 0 and -0 used as arguments to `fc' when
+     not listing commands from the history.
+
+yyy. When `test' is supplied four or more arguments, treat an argument that
+     looks like an operator (e.g., -e), but is in a place where only a string
+     is valid, as a string, as it would be when using the POSIX rules, instead
+     of an operator with a missing argument.
+
+zzz. There is no `compat50' shopt option. Changes to the shell compatibility
+     level should use the BASH_COMPAT variable.
+
+aaaa. Redirection failures with compound commands are now treated as errors
+      that cause the shell to exit if `errexit' is enabled.
+
+bbbb. Redirection failure error messages no longer expand the word in the
+      redirection again.
+
+cccc. History expansion is no longer performed while parsing a here-document
+      inside a command substitution.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. There are a number of fixes that were found as the result of fuzzing with
+   random input.
+
+b. Changed the revert-all-at-newline behavior to make sure to start at the end
+   of the history list when doing it, instead of the line where the user hit
+   return.
+
+c. When parsing `set' commands from the inputrc file or an application, readline
+   now allows trailing whitespace.
+
+d. Fixed a bug that left a file descriptor open to the history file if the
+   file size was 0.
+
+e. Fixed a problem with binding key sequences containing meta characters.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that caused the wrong line to be displayed if the user tried to
+   move back beyond the beginning of the history list, or forward past the end
+   of the history list.
+
+g. If readline catches SIGTSTP, it now sets a hook that allows the calling
+   application to handle it if it desires.
+
+h. Fixed a redisplay problem with a prompt string containing embedded newlines.
+
+i. Fixed a problem with completing filenames containing invalid multibyte
+   sequences when case-insensitive comparisons are enabled.
+
+j. Fixed a redisplay problem with prompt strings containing invisible multibyte
+   characters.
+
+k. Fixed a problem with multibyte characters mapped to editing commands that
+   modify the search string in incremental search.
+
+l. Fixed a bug with maintaining the key sequence while resolving a bound
+   command in the presence of ambiguous sequences (sequences with a common
+   prefix), in most cases while attempting to unbind it.
+
+m. Fixed several buffer overflows found as the result of fuzzing.
+
+n. Reworked backslash handling when translating key sequences for key binding
+   to be more uniform and consistent, which introduces a slight backwards
+   incompatibility.
+
+o. Fixed a bug with saving the history that resulted in errors not being
+   propagated to the calling application when the history file is not writable.
+
+p. Readline only calls chown(2) on a newly-written history file if it really
+   needs to, instead of having it be a no-op.
+
+q. Readline now behaves better when operate-and-get-next is used when the
+   history list is `full': when there are already $HISTSIZE entries.
+
+r. Fixed a bug that could cause vi redo (`.') of a replace command not to work
+   correctly in the C or POSIX locale.
+
+s. Fixed a bug with vi-mode digit arguments that caused the last command to be
+   set incorrectly. This prevents yank-last-arg from working as intended, for
+   example.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. `bind -x' now supports different bindings for different editing modes and
+   keymaps.
+
+b. Bash attempts to optimize the number of times it forks when executing
+   commands in subshells and from `bash -c'.
+
+c. Here documents and here strings now use pipes for the expanded document if
+   it's smaller than the pipe buffer size, reverting to temporary files if it's
+   larger.
+
+d. There are new loadable builtins: mktemp, accept, mkfifo, csv, cut/lcut
+
+e. In posix mode, `trap -p' now displays signals whose disposition is SIG_DFL
+   and those that were SIG_IGN when the shell starts.
+
+f. The shell now expands the history number (e.g., in PS1) even if it is not
+   currently saving commands to the history list.
+
+g. `read -e' may now be used with arbitrary file descriptors (`read -u N').
+
+h. The `select' builtin now runs traps if its internal call to the read builtin
+   is interrupted by a signal.
+
+i. SRANDOM: a new variable that expands to a 32-bit random number that is not
+   produced by an LCRNG, and uses getrandom/getentropy, falling back to
+   /dev/urandom or arc4random if available. There is a fallback generator if
+   none of these are available.
+
+j. shell-transpose-words: a new bindable readline command that uses the same
+   definition of word as shell-forward-word, etc.
+
+k. The shell now adds default bindings for shell-forward-word,
+   shell-backward-word, shell-transpose-words, and shell-kill-word.
+
+l. Bash now allows ARGV0 appearing in the initial shell environment to set $0.
+
+m. If `unset' is executed without option arguments, bash tries to unset a shell
+   function if a name argument cannot be a shell variable name because it's not
+   an identifier.
+
+n. The `test -N' operator uses nanosecond timestamp granularity if it's
+   available.
+
+o. Bash posix mode now treats assignment statements preceding shell function
+   definitions the same as in its default mode, since POSIX has changed and
+   no longer requires those assignments to persist after the function returns
+   (POSIX interp 654).
+
+p. BASH_REMATCH is no longer readonly.
+
+q. wait: has a new -p VARNAME option, which stores the PID returned by `wait -n'
+   or `wait' without arguments.
+
+r. Sorting the results of pathname expansion now uses byte-by-byte comparisons
+   if two strings collate equally to impose a total order; the result of a
+   POSIX interpretation (#963 and #1070).
+
+s. Bash now allows SIGINT trap handlers to execute recursively.
+
+t. Bash now saves and restores state around setting and unsetting posix mode,
+   instead of having unsetting posix mode set a known state.
+
+u. Process substitution is now available in posix mode.
+
+v. READLINE_MARK: a new variable available while executing commands bound with
+   `bind -x', contains the value of the mark.
+
+w. Bash removes SIGCHLD from the set of blocked signals if it's blocked at shell
+   startup.
+
+x. `test -v N' can now test whether or not positional parameter N is set.
+
+y. `local' now honors the `-p' option to display all local variables at the
+    current context.
+
+z. The `@a' variable transformation now prints attributes for unset array
+   variables.
+
+aa. The `@A' variable transformation now prints a declare command that sets a
+    variable's attributes if the variable has attributes but is unset.
+
+bb. `declare' and `local' now have a -I option that inherits attributes and
+    value from a variable with the same name at a previous scope.
+
+cc. When run from a -c command, `jobs' now reports the status of completed jobs.
+
+dd. New `U', `u', and `L' parameter transformations to convert to uppercase,
+    convert first character to uppercase, and convert to lowercase,
+    respectively.
+
+ee. PROMPT_COMMAND: can now be an  array variable, each element of which can
+    contain a command to be executed like a string PROMPT_COMMAND variable.
+
+ff. `ulimit' has a -R option to report and set the RLIMIT_RTTIME resource.
+
+gg. Associative arrays may be assigned using a list of key-value pairs within
+    a compound assignment. Compound assignments where the words are not of
+    the form [key]=value are assumed to be key-value assignments. A missing or
+    empty key is an error; a missing value is treated as NULL. Assignments may
+    not mix the two forms.
+
+hh. New `K' parameter transformation to display associative arrays as key-
+    value pairs.
+
+ii. Writing history to syslog now handles messages longer than the syslog max
+    length by writing multiple messages with a sequence number.
+
+jj. SECONDS and RANDOM may now be assigned using arithmetic expressions, since
+    they are nominally integer variables. LINENO is not an integer variable.
+
+kk. Bash temporarily suppresses the verbose option when running the DEBUG trap
+    while running a command from the `fc' builtin.
+
+ll. `wait -n' now accepts a list of job specifications as arguments and will
+    wait for the first one in the list to change state.
+
+mm. The associative array implementation can now dynamically increase the
+    size of the hash table based on insertion patterns.
+
+nn. HISTFILE is now readonly in a restricted shell.
+
+oo. The bash malloc now returns memory that is 16-byte aligned on 64-bit
+    systems.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. If a second consecutive completion attempt produces matches where the first
+   did not, treat it as a new completion attempt and insert a match as
+   appropriate.
+
+b. Bracketed paste mode works in more places: incremental search strings, vi
+   overstrike mode, character search, and reading numeric arguments.
+
+c. Readline automatically switches to horizontal scrolling if the terminal has
+   only one line.
+
+d. Unbinding all key sequences bound to a particular readline function now
+   descends into keymaps for multi-key sequences.
+
+e. rl-clear-display: new bindable command that clears the screen and, if
+   possible, the scrollback buffer (bound to emacs mode M-C-l by default).
+
+f. New active mark and face feature: when enabled, it will highlight the text
+   inserted by a bracketed paste (the `active region') and the text found by
+   incremental and non-incremental history searches. This is tied to bracketed
+   paste and can be disabled by turning off bracketed paste.
+
+g. Readline sets the mark in several additional commands.
+
+h. Bracketed paste mode is enabled by default.
+
+i. Readline tries to take advantage of the more regular structure of UTF-8
+   characters to identify the beginning and end of characters when moving
+   through the line buffer.
+
+j. The bindable operate-and-get-next command (and its default bindings) are
+   now part of readline instead of a bash-specific addition.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.0-release, and
+the previous version, bash-5.0-rc1.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Tilde expansion isn't performed on indexed array subscripts, even for
+   backwards compatibility.
+
+b. The shell doesn't exit in posix mode if the eval builtin gets a parse
+   error when run by the command builtin.
+
+c. Fixed a bug that caused a shell comment in an alias to not find the end
+   of the alias properly.
+
+d. Reverted a change from April, 2018 that caused strings containing
+   backslashes to be flagged as glob patterns.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.0-rc1, and
+the previous version, bash-5.0-beta2.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fix to initial word completion detection code.
+
+b. Fixed a bug that caused issues with assignment statements containing ^A in
+   the value assigned when IFS contains ^A.
+
+c. Added a fallback to fnmatch() when strcoll can't correctly deal with
+   bracket expression character equivalence classes.
+
+d. Fixed a bug that caused $BASH_COMMAND to contain the trap handler command
+   when running a trap handler containing [[ or (( commands.
+
+e. Fixed a bug that caused nameref assignments in the temporary environment
+   to potentially create variables with invalid names.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that caused `local -' to turn off alias expansion in scripts.
+
+g. Fixed a parser issue with a command string containing EOF after an invalid
+   command as an argument to a special builtin not causing a posix-mode shell
+   to exit.
+
+h. Made a slight change to the FNV-1 string hash algorithm used for associative
+   arrays (corrected the initial seed).
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. The `select' command now supports command forms without a word list
+   following `in'.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.0-beta2, and
+the previous version, bash-5.0-beta.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug that could cause a seg fault while parsing a subshell command
+   inside a command substitution.
+
+b. Fixed several small memory leaks uncovered by coverity.
+
+c. Fixed a problem with command substitution inside an interactive shell that
+   could cause the parent to receive a SIGHUP.
+
+d. Fixed a problem with using `*' and `@' as subscripts when assigning values
+   to an associative array with assoc_expand_once enabled.
+
+e. Fixed a bug that could cause a huge memory allocation when completing a
+   word beginning with an invalid tilde expansion.
+
+f. Cleaned up some incompatibilities with bash-4.4 when expanding indexed array
+   subscripts used in arithmetic expansions when assoc_expand_once is enabled.
+
+g. The ${parameter@a} expansion will display attributes even if `parameter' is
+   unset.
+
+h. Fixed a bug that caused the output of `set' to cut off some variables before
+   printing the value.
+
+i. Treat a failure to assign a variable when using the ${x:=value} expansion
+   as an expansion error, so non-interactive posix-mode shells exit
+
+j. Fixed a problem when expanding $* in a context where word splitting is not
+   performed when IFS is NULL.
+
+k. Temp files used to store here documents are forced readable, no matter what
+   the user's umask says.
+
+l. Fixed a problem where an interrupted brace expansion could cause the shell
+   to attempt to free an invalid memory location.
+
+m. Make sure to check for any terminating signals after running a trap
+   handler; don't wait until the next time we process traps.
+
+n. Fixed a bug that caused "return" to act like a special builtin with respect
+   to variable assignments even when preceded by "command".
+
+o. POSIX-mode shells now return failure if the cd builtin fails due to the
+   absolute directory name being longer than PATH_MAX, instead of trying
+   again with a relative pathname.
+
+p. Fixed a problem with FUNCNAME occasionally being visible when not executing
+   a shell function.
+
+q. Fixed a problem with the expansions performed on the WORD in the case
+   command.
+
+r. Fixed a slight POSIX compatibility when removing "IFS whitespace" during
+   word splitting and the read builtin.
+
+s. Fixed a problem with expanding an array with subscript `*' when all the
+   elements expand to the empty string, and making sure the expansion honors
+   the `:' specifier.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a bug with adding multibyte characters to an incremental search string.
+
+b. Fixed a bug with redoing text insertions in vi mode.
+
+c. Fixed a bug with pasting text into an incremental search string if bracketed
+   paste mode is enabled. ESC cannot be one of the incremental search
+   terminator characters for this to work.
+
+d. Fixed a bug with anchored search patterns when performing searches in vi
+   mode.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. Associative and indexed arrays now allow subscripts consisting solely of
+   whitespace.
+
+b. `checkwinsize' is now enabled by default.
+
+c. The `localvar_unset' shopt option is now visible and documented.
+
+d. The `progcomp_alias' shopt option is now visible and documented.
+
+e. The signal name processing code now understands `SIGRTMIN+n' all the way
+   up to SIGRTMAX.
+
+f. There is a new `seq' loadable builtin.
+
+g. Trap execution now honors the (internal) max invocations of `eval', since
+   traps are supposed to be executed as if using `eval'.
+
+h. The $_ variable doesn't change when the shell executes a command that forks.
+
+i. The `kill' builtin now supports -sSIGNAME and -nSIGNUM, even though
+   conforming applications aren't supposed to use them.
+
+j. POSIX mode now enables the `shift_verbose' option.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. Readline now allows application-defined keymap names; there is a new public
+   function, rl_set_keymap_name(), to do that.
+
+b. The "Insert" keypad key, if available, now puts readline into overwrite
+   mode.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.0-beta, and
+the previous version, bash-5.0-alpha.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug that allowed subshells to "inherit" enclosing loops -- this
+   is where POSIX says the subshell is not "enclosed" by the loop.
+
+b. Added more UTF-8-specific versions of multibyte functions, and optimized
+   existing functions if the current locale uses UTF-8 encoding.
+
+c. In POSIX mode, assignments preceding regular builtins should not persist
+   when the builtin completes.
+
+d. Added additional checks to special array assignment (e.g., BASH_ALIASES)
+   so it can't be used to bypass validity checks performed in other places.
+
+e. The `!!' history expansion now refers to the previous history entry as
+   expected, even if used on the second or subsequent line of a multi-line
+   history entry.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to dereference a NULL pointer if
+   the environment (`environ') is set to NULL.
+
+g. Bash uses slightly better integer overflow handling for brace sequence
+   expansion on systems where ints are 32 bits and intmax_t is 64 bits.
+
+h. Fixed a bug setting attributes for a variable named as an argument to
+   `declare' that also appears as a nameref in the temporary environment.
+
+i. Fixed several bugs that could cause assignments to namerefs to create
+   variables with invalid names.
+
+j. Fixed a bug that could result in the SIGINT handler being set incorrectly
+   in asynchronous subshells.
+
+k. Fixed a bug that could cause `bash -t' to not execute the specified command.
+
+l. Fixed several bugs that caused the shell to operate on the wrong variable
+   when using namerefs with the same name as a global variable in shell
+   functions.
+
+m. Internal changes to how the shell handles variables with invalid names in
+   the initial environment and to prevent variables with invalid names from
+   being added to the environment instead of passing them on to children.
+
+n. Changes to make sure that an expansion that results in a quoted null string
+   is reflected in the expansion, even if the word expands to nothing.
+
+o. Changes to make sure that $* and ${array[*]} (and $@/${array[@]}) expand
+   the same way after the recent changes for POSIX interpretation 888.
+
+p. Saving and restoring the positional parameters at function entry and exit
+   is considerably more efficient; noticeably so when there are large numbers
+   of positional parameters.
+
+q. Fixed a bug that caused `lastpipe' and `pipefail' to return an incorrect
+   status for the pipeline if there was more than one external command in a
+   loop body appearing in the last pipeline element.
+
+r. Fixed a bug that caused value conversion errors with the printf builtin's
+   %u and %f conversion specifications and invalid constants.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a. Added more UTF-8-specific versions of multibyte functions, and optimized
+   existing functions if the current locale uses UTF-8 encoding.
+
+b. Fixed a problem with bracketed-paste inserting more than one character and
+   interacting with other readline functions.
+
+c. Fixed a bug that caused the history library to attempt to append a history
+   line to a non-existent history entry.
+
+d. If using bracketed paste mode, output a newline after the \r that is the
+   last character of the mode disable string to avoid overwriting output.
+
+e. Fixes to the vi-mode `b', `B', `w', `W', `e', and `E' commands to better
+   handle multibyte characters.
+
+f. Fixed a redisplay problem that caused an extra newline to be generated on
+   accept-line when the line length is exactly the screenwidth.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a. Bash no longer allows variable assignments preceding a special builtin that
+   changes variable attributes to propagate back to the calling environment
+   unless the compatibility level is 44 or lower.
+
+b. You can set the default value for $HISTSIZE at build time in config-top.h.
+
+c. The `complete' builtin now accepts a -I option that applies the completion
+   to the initial word on the line.
+
+d. The internal bash malloc now uses mmap (if available) to satisfy requests
+   greater than 128K bytes, so free can use mfree to return the pages to the
+   kernel.
+
+e. The shell doesn't automatically set BASH_ARGC and BASH_ARGV at startup
+   unless it's in debugging mode, as the documentation has always said, but
+   will dynamically create them if a script references them at the top level
+   without having enabled debugging mode.
+
+f. The localvar_inherit option will not attempt to inherit a value from a
+   variable of an incompatible type (indexed vs. associative arrays, for
+   example).
+
+g. The `globasciiranges' option is now enabled by default; it can be set to
+   off by default at configuration time.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a. The history expansion library now understands command and process
+   substitution and extended globbing and allows them to appear anywhere in a
+   word.
+
+b. The history library has a new variable that allows applications to set the
+   initial quoting state, so quoting state can be inherited from a previous
+   line.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.0-alpha, and
+the previous version, bash-4.4-release.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug that could cause traps in background jobs to give the terminal
+   to the wrong process group.
+
+b. Fixed a bug that caused `kill -l 0' to print an out-of-range error.
+
+c. Fixed a problem that could result in here-documents being displayed in
+   the wrong order.
+
+d. Fixed a number of out-of-bounds and free memory read errors found via
+   fuzzing.
+
+e. Fixed a subshell inheritance problem that could cause a subshell to wait for
+   the wrong process.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that caused SHLVL to be incremented one too many times when
+   creating subshells.
+
+g. A job dying due to SIGINT can now interrupt sourcing a file in a shell with
+   job control enabled.
+
+h. Fixed a spurious warning about unterminated ${ or $( constructs during
+   word completion.
+
+i. The shell no longer runs traps if a signal arrives while reading command
+   substitution output.
+
+j. Fixed an arithmetic expansion error that could allow ++var++ as valid
+   syntax.
+
+k. Fixed an error that allowed out-of-bounds references to the directory stack.
+
+l. The shell does a better job of saving multi-line history entries with
+   embedded comments.
+
+m. Fixed a bug that could cause quoted bracket expressions in regular expression
+   arguments to `[[' to not match correctly.
+
+n. Fixed a bug that could cause an IFS character in a word to result in an
+   extra '\001' character in the expansion.
+
+o. A trailing backslash in a glob pattern can match a trailing backslash in the
+   string.
+
+p. Fixed a memory leak in the process creation code path when job control is
+   enabled.
+
+q. Fixed a bug that caused `printf' to output broken surrogate pairs for
+   Japanese locales.
+
+r. Fixed a bug that caused a SIGINT generated from `kill' in a dot script to
+   kill an interactive shell.
+
+s. Fixed a bug that could cause the `read' builtin to not fully read a
+   multibyte character.
+
+t. Fixed a bug that could cause identifiers to be evaluated in conditional
+   arithmetic expressions even when evaluation is suppressed.
+
+u. Fixed a bug that could result in command substitution, when executed in a
+   context where word splitting is not performed, to leave a stray '\001'
+   character in the string.
+
+v. Fixed a bug that could cause history expansion to be disabled in a non-
+   interactive shell even if `-o histexpand' is supplied at startup.
+
+w. Fixed a bug that caused `read -N' to strip leading whitespace IFS characters.
+
+x. Fixed a bug that caused spurious tilde expansion in arithmetic expressions.
+
+y. If indirect expansion attempts to indirectly reference through an unset
+   variable, report an error.
+
+z. Added a guard to prevent the shell from looping while receiving an endless
+   stream of SIGTTIN at shell startup.
+
+aa. Fixed a bug with parsing here documents inside a command substitution when
+    looking for the closing delimiter.
+
+bb. Fixed a bug that caused printf to not quote all <blank> characters in the
+    current locale when using the `%q' format specifier.
+
+cc. Fixed a bug with bash's internal buffered I/O system that caused the input
+    pointer to not be reset when read(2) returned an EOF.
+
+dd. Bash now installs its SIGWINCH signal handler with SA_RESTART, so it will
+    not interrupt open/read/write system calls.
+
+ee. The ERR trap now reports line numbers more reliably.
+
+ff. The shell no longer tries to manipulate the terminal process group if a
+    command or process substitution is killed by SIGTERM when job control is
+    enabled.
+
+gg. Fixed a bug that caused extglob patterns to match filenames beginning with
+    a period.
+
+hh. File descriptors open for writing to here documents are no longer available
+    to subshells.
+
+ii. Make sure word completion doesn't perform command or process substitution.
+
+jj. Fixed a bug with parsing $$'...' inside a command substitution.
+
+kk. Fixed a bug that caused bash to remove backslash-newline pairs from the
+    body of a here-document with a quoted delimiter inside a command
+    substitution.
+
+ll. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to hang when adding a pid to the
+    table of background process exit statuses.
+
+mm. Fixed a bug that could cause 0x01 characters to be doubled in the output
+    of process substitution.
+
+nn. Restricted shells now clear the hash table before making the PATH variable
+    read-only.
+
+oo. There are a number of changes to the expansion of $* and $@ in contexts
+    where word splitting does not occur (quoted and unquoted), with IFS set
+    to NULL or a non-standard value, mostly to deal with the consequences of
+    the behavior defined in Posix interpretation 888.
+
+pp. There are a number of changes to nameref variable handling to avoid
+    creating variables with invalid names.
+
+qq. A non-interactive posix mode shell no longer exits when an assignment
+    statement fails if the assignment is utimately being performed by the
+    `command' builtin.
+
+rr. When using character class names for globbing, don't allow case
+    insensitivity, even if nocaseglob is enabled.
+
+ss. Fixed a bug that allowed some redirections to stay in place if a later
+    redirection failed.
+
+tt. Fixed a bug in how command and process substitutions are recognized within
+    other parameter expansions.
+
+uu. Fixed a bug that caused bash to loop under certain circumstances when
+    performing arithmetic expansion on a variable whose value is an invalid
+    expression.
+
+vv. Fixed a bug that could cause bash to expand aliases inappropriately while
+    parsing compound commands like `case'.
+
+ww. Fixed a bug that could cause `read -N' to fail to read complete multibyte
+    characters, even when the sequences are incomplete or invalid, with or
+    without readline.
+
+xx. Fixed a bug that could cause `case' to fail to match patterns containing
+    0x01 characters.
+
+yy. Fixed a bug that caused exported functions to contain stray 0x01 characters.
+
+zz. Fixed some inconsistencies with how the history number is handled in the
+    various prompt strings.
+
+aaa. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if READLINE_LINE was unset
+     inside a shell function bound to a key sequence with `bind -x'.
+
+bbb. Fixed a bug that could cause bash to not read a token terminator correctly
+     if a command substitution was used inside an arithmetic `for' command.
+
+ccc. Fixed problems that could occur with a fatal arithmetic expansion error
+     in a context (like prompt expansion) where you can't jump back to the
+     top level.
+
+ddd. Expression errors in arithmetic `for' commands are treated more like
+     shell syntax errors.
+
+eee. Fixed a parser synchronization error resulting from a syntax error
+     followed immediately by an EOF.
+
+fff. When executing a shell function, the first line in the function ($LINENO)
+     is line 1 instead of line 0, as Posix requires.
+
+ggg. In Posix mode, bash will canonicalize the value of PWD it inherits from
+     the environment and use that to set its idea of the current directory.
+
+hhh. If LINENO is exported, bash needs to regenerate its value each time it
+     constructs the environment.
+
+iii. Fixed a bug with restoring the SIGINT handler when using `wait -n'.
+
+jjj. Make sure the `coproc' command returns an appropriate status if the NAME
+     argument is invalid.
+
+kkk. Fixed a problem with arithmetic expressions containing array references
+     that contain arithmetic expressions with syntax errors.
+
+lll. The `select' command and help builtin will use $COLUMNS before the window
+     size returned from the kernel as the terminal width.
+
+mmm. `read -n 0' and `read -N 0' now try a zero-length read in an attempt to
+     detect file descriptor errors.
+
+nnn. The `read' builtin now does a better job of acting on signals that don't
+     interrupt read(2).
+
+ooo. Fixed some cases where `printf -v' did not return failure status on a
+     variable assignment error.
+
+ppp. Fixed temporary environment propagation back to the current environment
+     so that it doesn't happen for special builtins run by the `command'
+     builtin.
+
+qqq. Fixed a bug when searching for the end of a here-document delimiter in a
+     command substitution.
+
+rrr. Fixed a bug that could cause `cd ${DIRSTACK[0]}' to fail.
+
+sss. Fixed a bug that could cause reserved words to not be recognized in a
+     for statement without the `in' inside a command substitution.
+
+ttt. Fixed a bug that could cause a double-free in a timed command with an
+     expansion error.
+
+uuu. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if a script switches from a UTF-8
+     locale to a different locale after displaying a lone surrogate character.
+
+vvv. Fixed cases where bash prematurely removed FIFOs attached to process
+     substitutions.
+
+www. Fixed a problem with calculating the size of the table that stores exit
+     statuses from background processes when the child process resource limit
+     is very large.
+
+xxx. Fixed a memory leak with functions using `return' when using FIFOs for
+     standard input.
+
+yyy. `wait' without arguments attempts to wait for all active process
+     substitution processes.
+
+zzz. Fixed a bug where an indirect parameter was subjected to word splitting
+     when trying to find the indirected variable name.
+
+aaaa. Fixed a bug that could allow restricted shell users to add commands to
+      the hash table.
+
+bbbb. When using the `!(patlist)' extended globbing operator, a filename
+      beginning with a `.' that doesn't match any of the patterns is not
+      returned as a match if leading dots must be matched explicitly.
+
+cccc. Fixed a bug that could cause line number and source file information for
+      a function definition to be incorrect if there are multiple definitions.
+
+dddd. Fixed a bug that could cause builtins like `readonly' to behave
+      differently when applied to arrays and scalar variables within functions.
+
+eeee. Fixed a bug that could cause alias expansion to add an extra space to
+      a quoted string that begins outside the alias expansion.
+
+ffff. Fixed a bug that could result in unwanted alias expansion after timing
+      the null command.
+
+gggg. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if a timestamp in a history
+      file overflowed a time_t.
+
+hhhh. Restricted shells can no longer redirect from /dev/tcp or /dev/udp, since
+      the kernel calls make those file descriptors read-write.
+
+iiii. Fixed a problem with splitting double-quoted words for programmable
+      completion when the double quote immediately follows another word
+      delimiter.
+
+jjjj. Fixed a bug resulting in a use-after-free if two file descriptors share
+      the same input buffer.
+
+kkkk. The error message resulting from ${x:?} and ${x?} now differs depending
+      on whether the variable is null or unset.
+
+llll. In Posix mode, the shell exits if a variable assignment fails and precedes
+      an empty simple command (after expansion).
+
+mmmm. Fixed a timing problem with SIGALRM that could cause the read builtin to
+      drop characters.
+
+nnnn. Added code to deal with kill(2) failing to send the shell a fatal signal
+      due to Linux pid namespace peculiarities.
+
+oooo. Fixed a bug that made \C-@ (NUL) unusable in key sequences used for
+      `bind -x' commands.
+
+pppp. Fixed a bug that could cause SIGINT recursion when running an external
+      command in a trap the shell takes after a command exits due to SIGINT.
+
+qqqq. Make sure the shell turns off job control before running the command-
+      not-found handle, so the command doesn't try to manipulate process
+      groups.
+
+rrrr. Fixed a problem with timing process substitutions that caused the shell
+      to print timing information for the calling command.
+
+ssss. Fixed a bug that caused backquotes in a here-document delimiter to mark
+      the delimiter as quoted (inhibiting expansion of the here-document
+      contents).
+
+tttt. Fixed several problems with 0x01 and 0x177 in case pattern lists and
+      conditional command pattern matches.
+
+uuuu. Fixed a bug that could cause the pattern matching engine to not recognize
+      locale-specific character classes.
+
+vvvv. The auto-configuration now tests for /dev/stdin and /dev/fd independently.
+
+wwww. The `globstar' code now skips over symbolic links to directories,
+      preventing them from being scanned twice.
+
+xxxx. When running `bind -x' commands, bash now sets READLINE_POINT based on
+      the number of characters in the readline line buffer, not the number of
+      bytes.
+
+yyyy. Fixed a problem that could cause recursive trap evaluation of the RETURN
+      trap when using `eval return'.
+
+zzzz. Fixed a bug with expanding 0x01 in an unquoted here-document.
+
+aaaaa. The process substitution code now closes and unlinks FIFOs when the
+       process on the other side exits, in order to prevent SIGPIPE or
+       waiting until a FIFO opened for read has a writer.
+
+bbbbb. Fixed a bug with recursive calls to the parser overwriting the token in
+       an {id}>foo construct.
+
+ccccc. After a Posix discussion, the pattern matching engine just skips over
+       invalid character classes in bracket expressions, instead of matching
+       them like individual characters in the expression.
+
+ddddd. Fixed a posix-mode problem with variable scoping when creating variables
+       from assignment statements preceding special builtins.
+
+eeeee. Fixed a bug that could cause patterns containing backslashes to not be
+       run through the pattern matching engine.
+
+fffff. Fixed a bug that could cause redirections to compound commands to not
+       be `undone' if the file descriptor in the redirection was closed when
+       the redirection was initially processed.
+
+ggggg. Fixed a bug that could cause buffer corruption when using `bind -x' in
+       a command execute as a result of a key binding installed by `bind -x'.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a. Added a guard to prevent nested macros from causing an infinite expansion
+   loop.
+
+b. Instead of allocating enough history list entries to hold the maximum list
+   size, cap the number allocated initially.
+
+c. Added a strategy to avoid allocating huge amounts of memory if a block of
+   history entries without timestamps occurs after a block with timestamps.
+
+d. Added support for keyboard timeouts when an ESC character is the last
+   character in a macro.
+
+e. There are several performance improvements when in a UTF-8 locale.
+
+f. Readline does a better job of preserving the original set of blocked
+   signals when using pselect() to wait for input.
+
+g. Fixed a bug that caused multibyte characters in macros to be mishandled.
+
+h. Fixed several bugs in the code that calculates line breaks when expanding
+   prompts that span several lines, contain multibyte characters, and contain
+   invisible character seqeuences.
+
+i. Fixed several bugs in cursor positioning when displaying lines with prompts
+   containing invisible characters and multibyte characters.
+
+j. When performing case-insensitive completion, Readline no longer sorts the
+   list of matches unless directed to do so.
+
+k. Fixed a problem with key sequences ending with a backslash.
+
+l. Fixed out-of-bounds and free memory read errors found via fuzzing.
+
+m. Fixed several cases where the mark was set to an invalid value.
+
+n. Fixed a problem with the case-changing operators in the case where the
+   lower and upper case versions of a character do not have the same number
+   of bytes.
+
+o. Handle incremental and non-incremental search character reads returning EOF.
+
+p. Handle the case where a failing readline command at the end of a multi-key
+   sequence could be misinterpreted.
+
+q. The history library now prints a meaningful error message if the history
+   file isn't a regular file.
+
+r. Fixed a problem with vi-mode redo (`.') on a command when trying to replace
+   a multibyte character.
+
+s. The key binding code now attempts to remove a keymap if a key unbinding
+   leaves it empty.
+
+t. Fixed a line-wrapping issue that caused problems for some terminal
+   emulators.
+
+u. If there is a key bound to the tty's VDISCARD special character, readline
+   disables VDISCARD while it is active.
+
+v. Fixed a problem with exiting bracketed paste mode on terminals that assume
+   the bracketed paste mode character sequence contains visible characters.
+
+w. Fixed a bug that could cause a key binding command to refer to an
+   uninitialized variable.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a. The `wait' builtin can now wait for the last process substitution created.
+
+b. There is an EPOCHSECONDS variable, which expands to the time in seconds
+   since the Unix epoch.
+
+c. There is an EPOCHREALTIME variable, which expands to the time in seconds
+   since the Unix epoch with microsecond granularity.
+
+d. New loadable builtins: rm, stat, fdflags.
+
+e. BASH_ARGV0: a new variable that expands to $0 and sets $0 on assignment.
+
+f. When supplied a numeric argument, the shell-expand-line bindable readline
+   command does not perform quote removal and suppresses command and process
+   substitution.
+
+g. `history -d' understands negative arguments: negative arguments offset from
+   the end of the history list.
+
+h. The `name' argument to the `coproc' reserved word now undergoes word
+   expansion, so unique coprocs can be created in loops.
+
+i. A nameref name resolution loop in a function now resolves to a variable by
+   that name in the global scope.
+
+j. The `wait' builtin now has a `-f' option, which signifies to wait until the
+   specified job or process terminates, instead of waiting until it changes
+   state.
+
+k. There is a define in config-top.h that allows the shell to use a static
+   value for $PATH, overriding whatever is in the environment at startup, for
+   use by the restricted shell.
+
+l. Process substitution does not inherit the `v' option, like command
+   substitution.
+
+m. If a non-interactive shell with job control enabled detects that a foreground
+   job died due to SIGINT, it acts as if it received the SIGINT.
+
+n. The SIGCHLD trap is run once for each exiting child process even if job
+   control is not enabled when the shell is in Posix mode.
+
+o. A new shopt option: localvar_inherit; if set, a local variable inherits the
+   value of a variable with the same name at the nearest preceding scope.
+
+p. `bind -r' now checks whether a key sequence is bound before binding it to
+   NULL, to avoid creating keymaps for a multi-key sequence.
+
+q. A numeric argument to the line editing `operate-and-get-next' command
+   specifies which history entry to use.
+
+r. The positional parameters are now assigned before running the shell startup
+   files, so startup files can use $@.
+
+s. There is a compile-time option that forces the shell to disable the check
+   for an inherited OLDPWD being a directory.
+
+t. The `history' builtin can now delete ranges of history entries using
+   `-d start-end'.
+
+u. The `vi-edit-and-execute-command' bindable readline command now puts readline
+   back in vi insertion mode after executing commands from the edited file.
+
+v. The command completion code now matches aliases and shell function names
+   case-insensitively if the readline completion-ignore-case variable is set.
+
+w. There is a new `assoc_expand_once' shell option that attempts to expand
+   associative array subscripts only once.
+
+x. The shell only sets up BASH_ARGV and BASH_ARGC at startup if extended
+   debugging mode is active. The old behavior of unconditionally setting them
+   is available as part of the shell compatibility options.
+
+y. The `umask' builtin now allows modes and masks greater than octal 777.
+
+z. The `times' builtin now honors the current locale when printing a decimal
+   point.
+
+aa. There is a new (disabled by default, undocumented) shell option to enable
+    and disable sending history to syslog at runtime.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a. Non-incremental vi-mode search (`N', `n') can search for a shell pattern, as
+   Posix specifies (uses fnmatch(3) if available).
+
+b. There are new `next-screen-line' and `previous-screen-line' bindable
+   commands, which move the cursor to the same column in the next, or previous,
+   physical line, respectively.
+
+c. There are default key bindings for control-arrow-key key combinations.
+
+d. A negative argument (-N) to `quoted-insert' means to insert the next N
+   characters using quoted-insert.
+
+e. New public function: rl_check_signals(), which allows applications to
+   respond to signals that readline catches while waiting for input using
+   a custom read function.
+
+f. There is new support for conditionally testing the readline version in an
+   inputrc file, with a full set of arithmetic comparison operators available.
+
+g. There is a simple variable comparison facility available for use within an
+   inputrc file. Allowable operators are equality and inequality; string
+   variables may be compared to a value; boolean variables must be compared to
+   either `on' or `off'; variable names are separated from the operator by
+   whitespace.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-release, and
+the previous version, bash-4.4-rc2.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed a bug that could potentially result in a crash due to an integer
+    overflow.
+
+b.  Fixed a bug in where commands printed due to `set -x' could be incorrectly
+    quoted if being printed in contexts where they haven't yet been expanded.
+
+c.  Fixed several memory leaks.
+
+d.  Fixed a bug that could potentially cause the terminal attributes to be
+    set incorrectly by a command run from a programmable completion.
+
+e.  Fixed several potential buffer overflow issues in the word expansion code.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-rc2, and
+the previous version, bash-4.4-beta2.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed an out-of-bounds read in the redirection operator completion code.
+
+b.  Fixed execution context so `until continue' doesn't disable execution for
+    subsequent commands.
+
+c.  Fixed trap handling code so traps don't inherit a command's temporary
+    environment.
+
+d.  Fixed a bug that resulted in incorrect line numbers when a function is
+    defined as part of another function's execution.
+
+e.  Fixed a bug in the expansion of ${a[@]} in contexts where word splitting
+    is not performed and $IFS is not the default.
+
+f.  Fixed a bug that caused ''"$@" to not expand to an empty argument when
+    there are no positional parameters.
+
+g.  Fixed a bug that caused a shell compiled without job control to use the
+    incorrect exit status for builtin commands preceded by a command executed
+    from the file system that causes the shell to call waitpid().
+
+h.  Improved word completion for quoted strings containing unterminated command
+    substitutions with embedded double quotes.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Fixed a bug that caused mode strings to be displayed incorrectly if the
+    prompt was shorter than the mode string.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  Using ${a[@]} or ${a[*]} with an array without any assigned elements when
+    the nounset option is enabled no longer throws an unbound variable error.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  New application-callable function: rl_pending_signal(): returns the signal
+    number of any signal readline has caught but not yet handled.
+
+b.  New application-settable variable: rl_persistent_signal_handlers: if set
+    to a non-zero value, readline will enable the readline-6.2 signal handler
+    behavior in callback mode: handlers are installed when
+    rl_callback_handler_install is called and removed removed when a complete
+    line has been read.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-beta2, and
+the previous version, bash-4.4-rc1.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed a memory leak when processing ${!var[@]}.
+
+b.  Fixed a bug that caused subshells to free trap strings associated with
+    inherited signals.
+
+c.  Inheriting BASHOPTS from the environment now works to force actions
+    associated with enabling an option, instead of just marking the option
+    as enabled.
+
+d.  Fixed a bug that allowed assignments to BASH_CMDS when the shell was in
+    restricted mode.
+
+e.  Fixed a bug caused by an accidental omission of part of the original patch
+    for EXECIGNORE.
+
+e.  Prompt expansion now quotes the results of the \s, \h, and \H expansions.
+
+f.  Fixed a bug that caused parsing errors in command substitutions with
+    consecutive case statements separated by newlines.
+
+g.  Updated logic used to decide whether bash is running inside an emacs
+    terminal emulator to work with future emacs versions.
+
+h.  Fixed two extended pattern matching bugs caused by premature short-
+    circuiting.
+
+i.  Fixed a memory leak in the code that removes duplicate history entries.
+
+j.  There are a number of bug fixes to coproc, mapfile, declare, unset,
+    and assignment statements that prevent nameref variables from creating
+    and unsetting variables with invalid names.
+
+k.  Fixed a bug that caused variables to be inadvertently marked as both an
+    associative and an indexed array.
+
+l.  Fixed a bug that caused `bash -c' to not run a trap specified in the
+    command string.
+
+j.  There are a number of bug fixes to coproc, mapfile, declare, and assignment
+    statements that prevent nameref variables from overwriting or modifying
+    attributes of readonly variables.
+
+k.  Fixed a bug that caused command substitution to attempt to set the
+    terminal's process group incorrectly.
+    
+l.  Fixed a bug that could cause prompt string expansion to display error
+    messages when the `nounset' shell option is set.
+
+m.  Fixed a bug that caused "$@" to not expand to an empty string under the
+    circumstances when Posix says it should ("${@-${@-$@}}").
+
+n.  Fixed several bugs caused by referencing nameref variables whose values
+    are names of unset variables (or names that are valid for referencing
+    but not assignment), including creating variables in the temporary
+    environment.
+
+o.  Function tracing and error tracing are disabled if --debugger is supplied
+    at startup but the shell can't find the debugger start file.
+
+p.  Fixed a bug when IFS is used as the control variable in a for statement.
+
+q.  Fixed a bug with SIGINT received by a command substitution in an interactive
+    shell.
+
+r.  The checks for nameref variable self-references are more thorough.
+
+s.  Fixed several bugs with multi-line aliases.
+
+t.  Fixed `test' to handle the four-argument case where $1 == '(' and
+    $4 == ')'.
+
+u.  Fixed a bug in the expansion of $* in the cases where word splitting is
+    not performed.
+
+v.  Fixed a bug in execution of case statements where IFS includes the
+    pattern matching characters.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  When refreshing the line as the result of a key sequence, Readline attempts
+    to redraw only the last line of a multiline prompt.
+
+b.  Fixed an issue that caused completion of git commands to display
+    incorrectly when using colored-completion-prefix.
+
+c.  Fixed several redisplay bugs having to do with multibyte characters and
+    invisible characters in prompt strings.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  Value conversions (arithmetic expansions, case modification, etc.) now
+    happen when assigning elements of an array using compound assignment.
+
+b.  There is a new option settable in config-top.h that makes multiple
+    directory arguments to `cd' a fatal error.
+
+c.  Bash now uses mktemp() when creating internal temporary files; it produces
+    a warning at build time on many Linux systems.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  The default binding for ^W in vi mode now uses word boundaries specified
+    by Posix (vi-unix-word-rubout is bindable command name).
+
+b.  rl_clear_visible_line: new application-callable function; clears all
+    screen lines occupied by the current visible readline line.
+
+c.  rl_tty_set_echoing: application-callable function that controls whether
+    or not readline thinks it is echoing terminal output.
+
+d.  Handle >| and strings of digits preceding and following redirection
+    specifications as single tokens when tokenizing the line for history
+    expansion.
+
+e.  Fixed a bug with displaying completions when the prefix display length
+    is greater than the length of the completions to be displayed.
+
+f.  The :p history modifier now applies to the entire line, so any expansion
+    specifying :p causes the line to be printed instead of expanded.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-rc1, and
+the previous version, bash-4.4-beta.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed several problems with bash completion not special-casing bash syntax
+    constructs.
+
+b.  Fixed a bug that caused the mapfile builtin to not create array variables
+    when a variable of the same name appears in the temporary environment.
+
+c.  Fixed a bug that caused prompt expansion to loop when PS1 contained a
+    syntax error.
+
+d.  Fixed a bug that caused the ${array[@]@A} expansion to split the results
+    even when double-quoted.
+
+e.  There is a new implementation of the code that saves the last CHILD_MAX
+    exited background pids so their status can be queried later.
+
+f.  Bash-4.4 can now be configured and built on very old versions of Solaris 2.
+
+g.  Fixed problems with --help support for several builtins.
+
+h.  Fixed values added to BASH_SOURCE and BASH_LINENO for functions inherited
+    from the environment.
+
+i.  Fixed a bug that caused background processes run from non-interactive shells
+    with job control enabled to place the terminal in the wrong process group
+    under certain circumstances.
+
+j.  Fixed a bug that caused `fc' to return an incorrect exit status when
+    executing commands from the history list.
+
+k.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to exit when a process substitution
+    received a SIGINT when run in certain terminal emulators.
+
+l.  EXECIGNORE now honors the setting of `extglob' when attempting to match
+    executable names.
+
+m.  Fixed a bug where `return' used the wrong exit status when executed in a
+    DEBUG trap.
+
+n.  Fixed a bug that caused a command containing a here-document and an escaped
+    newline to be stored in the history list incorrectly.
+
+o.  Fixed a bug that caused set -e to be honored in cases of builtins invoking
+    other builtins when it should be ignored.
+
+p.  Fixed a bug that caused `readonly' and `export' to create local array
+    variables when used within shell functions.
+
+q.  Fixed a bug that allowed subshells begun to execute process substitutions
+    to have access to the command's temporary environment.
+
+r.  Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to dump core when receiving a
+    SIGCHLD for which a trap has been set while running in posix mode.
+
+s.  Fixed a bug that caused bash to not restore BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV,
+    BASH_SOURCE, BASH_LINENO, and FUNCNAME if the shell received a SIGINT
+    while reading commands from a file while executing  `.'.
+
+t.  Fixed a bug that caused the `-o history' option to have no effect when
+    supplied on the command line when starting a new shell.
+
+u.  Fixed a bug that caused history expansions occurring in command
+    substitutions to not be performed.
+
+v.  Fixed a bug that caused `eval' run in a non-interactive shell to disable
+    history expansion for the remainder of the shell script, even if the script
+    had previously enabled it.
+
+w.  Fixed a bug that caused "$@" to not expand to multiple words when IFS is set
+    to the empty string.
+
+x.  Fixed a bug that caused process and command substitution to inherit output
+    buffered in the stdio library but not written.
+
+y.  Fixed a bug that caused a terminating signal received during `echo' to run
+    an exit trap in a signal handler context.
+
+z.  Fixed a bug that caused a builtin command containing a process substitution
+    to return the wrong exit status.
+
+aa. Fixed a bug that caused `()' subshells with piped input to incorrectly
+    redirect the standard input of some of the commands in the subshell from
+    /dev/null.
+
+bb. The history builtin now uses more descriptive error messages for missing or
+    invalid timestamps.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  The history file writing functions only attempt to create and use a backup
+    history file if the history file exists and is a regular file.
+
+b.  Fixed an out-of-bounds read in readline's internal tilde expansion
+    interface.
+
+c.  Fixed several redisplay bugs with prompt strings containing multibyte
+    and non-visible characters whose physical length is longer than the screen
+    width.
+
+d.  Fixed a redisplay bug with prompt strings containing invisible characters
+    whose physical length exceeds the screen width and using incremental search.
+
+e.  Readline prints more descriptive error messages when it encounters errors
+    while reading an inputrc file.
+
+f.  Fixed a bug in the character insertion code that attempts to optimize
+    typeahead when it reads a character that is not bound to self-insert and
+    resets the key sequence state.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  BASH_COMPAT and FUNCNEST can be inherited and set from the shell's initial
+    environment.
+
+b.  inherit_errexit: a new `shopt' option that, when set, causes command
+    substitutions to inherit the -e option.  By default, those subshells disable
+    -e.  It's enabled as part of turning on posix mode.
+
+c.  New prompt string: PS0.  Expanded and displayed by interactive shells after
+    reading a complete command but before executing it.
+
+d.  Interactive shells now behave as if SIGTSTP/SIGTTIN/SIGTTOU are set to
+    SIG_DFL when the shell is started, so they are set to SIG_DFL in child
+    processes.
+
+e.  Posix-mode shells now allow double quotes to quote the history expansion
+    character.
+
+f.  OLDPWD can be inherited from the environment if it names a directory.
+
+g.  Shells running as root no longer inherit PS4 from the environment, closing
+    a security hole involving PS4 expansion performing command substitution.
+
+h.  If executing an implicit `cd' when the `autocd' option is set, bash will
+    now invoke a function named `cd' if one exists before executing the `cd'
+    builtin.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  If an incremental search string has its last character removed with DEL,
+    the resulting empty search string no longer matches the previous line.
+
+b.  If readline reads a history file that begins with `#' (or the value of
+    the history comment character) and has enabled history timestamps, the
+    history entries are assumed to be delimited by timestamps.  This allows
+    multi-line history entries.
+
+c.  Readline now throws an error if it parses a key binding without a
+    terminating `:' or whitespace.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-beta, and
+the previous version, bash-4.4-alpha.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed two bugs that caused out-of-bounds reads when skipping over assignment
+    statements while finding the word on which to perform programmable
+    completion.
+
+b.  Fixed a memory leak in programmable completion.
+
+c.  Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash when interrupting the
+    wait builtin.
+
+d.  Fixed a bug that caused ${!vvv@} to be interpreted as introducing the new
+    `@' operator.
+
+e.  Fixed a bug that caused the && and || operators to be incorrectly optimized.
+
+f.  The shell now undoes redirections before exiting the shell when the `-e'
+    option is enabled, and a shell function fails.
+
+g.  History expansion now skips over the history expansion character in command
+    and process substitution.
+
+h.  Fixed a bug that caused stray '\001' characters to be added to the output
+    of `declare -p'.
+
+i.  Fixed a memory leak when processing declare commands that perform compound
+    array assignments.
+
+j.  Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash when reading input from a
+    file and the limit on open file descriptors is high.
+
+k.  Fixed a bug that caused the ERR and RETURN traps to be unset if they were
+    set in a shell function but unset previously.
+
+l.  Fixed a bug that caused several signals to be ignored if `exec' failed in
+    an interactive shell.
+
+m.  A posix-mode non-interactive shell now considers a parameter expansion error
+    to be a fatal error.
+
+n.  The `time' command now prints timing statistics for failed commands when
+    the -e option is enabled.
+
+o.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when attempting to indirectly
+    expand a shell variable with an invalid name.
+
+p.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when running a trap containing
+    a process substitution.
+
+q.  Bash now prints the keyword `function' before a function with the same name
+    as a reserved word when using `declare -f' to avoid parse errors when
+    reusing the output as input.
+
+r.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when using declare -g to attempt
+    to redefine an existing global indexed array variable as an associative
+    array.
+
+s.  Fixed a memory leak that occurred when interrupting brace expansions
+    generating a sequence.
+
+t.  Fixed a bug that resulted in alias expansion in redirections.
+
+u.  The `declare -a' and `declare -A' commands now print fewer warnings when
+    attempting to create and initialize an array at the same time, but
+    relying on word expansions to construct the compound assignment.
+
+v.  The `help' builtin now behaves better in locales where each wide
+    character occupies more than one display column.
+
+w.  The `read' builtin no longer has a possible race condition when a timeout
+    occurs.
+
+x.  Fixed several expansion problems encountered when IFS="'".
+
+y.  Fixed a problem with the expansion of $'\c?'.
+
+z.  Bash no longer splits the expansion of here-strings, as the documentation
+    has always said.
+
+aa. Bash now puts `s' in the value of $- if the shell is reading from standard
+    input, as Posix requires.
+
+bb. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash if invoked with a NULL
+    environment.
+
+cc. The shell now only trusts an inherited value for $PWD if it begins with a
+    `/'.
+
+dd. Fixed a memory leak when creating local array variables and assigning to
+    them using compound assignment with the `declare' builtin.
+
+ee. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash when processing nested here
+    documents inside a command substitution.
+
+ff. Array keys and values are now displayed using $'...' quoting where
+    appropriate.
+
+gg. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash if the replacement string
+    in pattern substitution was NULL.
+
+hh. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash if a command substitution
+    contained a non-fatal syntax error.
+
+ii. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash if variable indirection
+    resulted in a NULL variable.
+
+jj. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash if a long string contained
+    multiple unterminated parameter expansion constructs.
+
+kk. Improved the code that acts on SIGINT received while waiting for a child
+    process only if the child exits due to SIGINT.
+
+ll. $BASH_SUBSHELL now has more consistent values in asynchronous simple
+    commands.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Colored completion prefixes are now displayed using a different color, less
+    likely to collide with files.
+
+b.  Fixed a bug that caused vi-mode character search to misbehave when
+    running in callback mode.
+
+c.  Fixed a bug that caused output to be delayed when input is coming from a
+    macro in vi-mode.
+
+d.  Fixed a bug that caused the vi-mode `.' command to misbehave when redoing
+    a multi-key key sequence via a macro.
+
+e.  Fixed a bug that caused problems with applications that supply their own
+    input function when performing completion.
+
+f.  When read returns -1/EIO when attempting to read a key, return an error
+    instead of line termination back to the caller.
+
+g.  Updated tty auditing feature based on patch from Red Hat.
+
+h.  Fixed a bug that could cause the history library to crash on overflows
+    introduced by malicious editing of timestamps in the history file.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  `make install' now installs the example loadable builtins and a set of
+    bash headers to use when developing new loadable builtins.
+
+b.  `enable -f' now attempts to call functions named BUILTIN_builtin_load when
+    loading BUILTIN, and BUILTIN_builtin_unload when deleting it.  This allows
+    loadable builtins to run initialization and cleanup code.
+
+c.  There is a new BASH_LOADABLES_PATH variable containing a list of directories
+    where the `enable -f' command looks for shared objects containing loadable
+    builtins.
+
+d.  The `complete_fullquote' option to `shopt' changes filename completion to
+    quote all shell metacharacters in filenames and directory names.
+
+e.  The `kill' builtin now has a `-L' option, equivalent to `-l', for
+    compatibility with Linux standalone versions of kill.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-alpha, and
+the previous version, bash-4.3-release.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  A bug that caused pipelines to be corrupted while running the DEBUG trap
+    was fixed.
+
+b.  A bug that accidentally omitted the `-R' unary operator from `test' was
+    fixed.
+
+c.  A bug that could cause the shell to not restore the terminal's process
+    group on shell exit was fixed.
+
+d.  Several changes were made to programmable completion to accommodate
+    assumptions made by the bash-completion package.
+
+e.  Bash no longer inhibits C-style escape processing ($'...') while performing
+    pattern substitution word expansions.
+
+f.  Fixed a bug that caused `return' executed from a trap handler to use the
+    wrong return status when one was not supplied as an argument.
+
+g.  In Posix mode, defining a function with the same name as a special
+    builtin is now an error, fatal only when the shell is not interactive.
+
+h.  Fixed a bug that caused compound array assignments to discard unset or null
+    variables used as subscripts, thereby making it appear as if the index was
+    not present.
+
+i.  Fixed a bug that caused extended glob patterns to incorrectly match
+    filenames with a leading `.'.
+
+j.  Fixed a bug involving sign extension when reallocating the input line
+    after a history expansion, causing segmentation faults.
+
+k.  Bash now does a better job at identifying syntax errors during word
+    completion and tailoring completion appropriately.
+
+l.  Bash now uses the current locale's decimal point in command timing output.
+
+m.  Fixed a bug that caused segmentation faults while reading here documents if
+    PS2 contains a command substitution.
+
+n.  There are several changes to how $@ is expanded when unquoted but in a
+    context where word splitting is not performed (e.g., on the rhs of an
+    assignment or in a conditional command).
+
+o.  Bash now quotes command hash table entries that contain shell metacharacters
+    when displaying hash table contents.
+
+p.  Fixed a potential file descriptor leak when dup2() fails while performing a
+    redirection.
+
+q.  Fixed a bug that caused directory names evaluated during word completion to
+    be dequoted twice.
+
+r.  Fixed several bugs which could result in indirect variable expansion and
+    namerefs creating variables with invalid names or referencing variables
+    set to the empty string.
+
+s.  Fixed a bug that caused bash to not expand $0 in word expansions where it
+    should.
+
+t.  Fixed a bug that caused bash to perform process substitution if <(
+    appeared inside an arithmetic context.
+
+u.  Fixed a bug in extglob pattern parsing that caused slashes in the pattern
+    to be confused as directory names.
+
+v.  Fixed several bugs with treatment of invisible variables (variables with
+    attributes that are unset because they have never been assigned values).
+
+w.  Fixed a bug that caused the `read' builtin to not clean up readline's
+    state when using the -e and -t options together and the read timed out.
+
+x.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to exit with the wrong (but non-zero)
+    value if a command was not found or was not executable.
+
+y.  Fixed a bug that caused the `time' reserved word to not be recognized as
+    such in all contexts where it should have been.
+
+z.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to close process substitution file
+    descriptors when executing a script without the `#!' leading line.
+
+aa. Fixed a typo that caused the `compat42' shell option to set the wrong
+    compatibility level.
+
+bb. The shell now handles process substitution commands with embedded
+    parentheses the same way as it does when parsing command substitution.
+
+cc. Fixed a bug that caused nested pipelines and the `lastpipe' shell option
+    to produce core dumps.
+
+dd. Fixed a bug that caused patterns containing `*' to match pathnames in cases
+    where slashes must be matched explicitly.
+
+ee. Fixed a problem with patterns containing `:' in colon-separated variables
+    like GLOBIGNORE. 
+
+ff. Fixed a bug that caused indirect variable expansion using indexed arrays to
+    always use index 0.
+
+gg. Fixed a parsing problem that caused quoted newlines immediately following a
+    command substitution to be mishandled in certain cases.
+
+hh. Fixed a potential buffer overflow on systems without locale_charset or the
+    bash replacement.
+
+ii. Fixed a bug that caused background processes to modify the terminal's
+    process group under certain circumstances.
+
+jj. Asynchronous commands now always set $? to 0 and are not affected by
+    whether or not the command's exit status is being inverted.
+
+kk. Fixed a problem that caused a line ending with an escaped newline and
+    containingh a prior `eval' to be incorrectly parsed.
+
+ll. Fixed an issue with programmable completion and `!' in extglob patterns
+    used as arguments to `compgen -X'.
+
+mm. Word completion now treats the two-character token `>|' as requiring
+    filename expansion.
+
+nn. Bash no longer expands tildes in $PATH elements while in Posix mode.
+
+oo. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not clean up readline's state, including
+    the terminal settings, if it received a fatal signal while in a readline()
+    call (including `read -e' and `read -s').
+
+pp. Fixed bug that caused importing shell functions from the environment to
+    execute additional commands following the function.
+
+qq. Fixed a bug that caused the parser to return a lookahead character pushed
+    back by a previous call, even when on another line.
+
+rr. Fixed a bug that caused many here-documents or many nested case statements
+    to overflow an internal stack.
+
+ss. Changed the way bash encodes exported functions for inclusion in the
+    environment to avoid name collisions with valid variable names and to
+    indicate that they are exported functions.
+
+tt. Fixed a bug that could result in an invalid memory access when processing
+    a here document delimited by end of file or end of string.
+
+uu. Fixed a bug that could cause an invalid memory access if a command was run
+    before initializing the job control framework.
+
+vv. When in Posix mode, bash prints shell function definitions as Posix
+    specifies them, without the leading `function' keyword.
+
+ww. The variable attribute display builtins no longer display variables with
+    invalid names that were imported from the environment.
+
+xx. Fixed a bug that could allow `break' or `continue' executed from shell
+    functions to affect loops running outside of the function.
+
+yy. Fixed a bug that could cause a restricted shell to attempt to import shell
+    functions from the environment.
+
+zz. The shell now allows double-quoted identifiers in arithmetic expressions.
+
+aaa. Fixed a bug that could allow scalar variables subscripted using [@] in
+     word expansions to be incorrectly quoted.
+
+bbb. The shell now makes sure to ignore SIGTSTP/SIGTTIN/SIGTTOU in child
+     processes if they were ignored at shell startup, even if job control is
+     in effect.
+
+ccc. Fixed a bug that could cause $* to be split on spaces when IFS is set to
+     the empty string.
+
+ddd. Posix says that expanding $* in a pattern context where the expansion is
+     double-quoted should not treat $* as if it were double quoted.
+
+eee. Bash now restores getopts' internal state between calls to getopts even if
+     a shell function declares a local copy of OPTIND.
+
+fff. Fixed a bug that could cause `history -r' or `history -n' to read identical
+     lines from the history file more than once.
+
+ggg. The commands executed by `bind -x' now redisplay at most the final line
+     of a multi-line prompt, and those commands may return 124 to indicate that
+     the entire prompt should be redrawn.
+
+hhh. Fixed a bug that could cause `mapfile' to create variables with invalid
+     names.
+
+iii. The shell only goes into debugging mode when --debugger is supplied if
+     the debugger initialization file is present.
+
+jjj. Fixed a bug that disallowed an assignment to (implicit) subscript 0 of an
+     existing array in a declare command that set the readonly attribute.
+
+kkk. Fixed a bug that inadvertently allowed assignments to FUNCNAME to disable
+     its special status.
+
+lll. Appending to an existing array variable using the compound assignment
+     syntax (var+=(aaa)) should not affect assignments to existing subscripts
+     appearing in the compound assignment.
+
+mmm. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash when a variable with a
+     null value was passed in the temporary environment and the variable's
+     attributes are modified using `declare' while performing a redirection.
+
+nnn. Fixed a bug in printf so that a missing precision specifier after a `.'
+     is treated as 0.
+
+ooo. Fixed a bug that attempted to use the internal command timing to time
+     pipeline components if the pipeline elements are separated by newlines.
+
+ppp. Fixed a bug that caused `declare -al foo=(ONE TWO THREE)' to not lowercase
+     the values on assignment.
+
+qqq. Bash does a better job of determining whether or not files are executable
+     when running on Windows, since the X_OK flag to access(2) is not supported.
+
+rrr. Fixed a bug that caused some of the shell's internal traps (e.g., ERR) to
+     be interrupted (and leave incorrect state) by pending SIGINTs.
+
+sss. Fixed a bug in the bash interface to history expansion to avoid attempting
+     expansion if the history expansion character occurs in a command
+     substitution.
+
+ttt. Fixed a bug that caused the select command to crash if the REPLY variable
+     ends up empty (e.g., if it's made readonly)
+
+uuu. Bash handles backslash-quoting of multibyte characters better when quoting
+     output that is intended to be reused.
+
+vvv. System-specific changes for: Windows, Cygwin.
+
+www. Fixes for upper and lower-casing multibyte characters, some locales have
+     characters whose upper and lowercase versions have different numbers of
+     bytes.
+
+xxx. Fixed a bug that caused the ERR trap in a shell function to have the
+     wrong value for $LINENO.
+
+yyy. Fixed a bug that resulted in incorrect quoting of regexps for the =~
+     operator when an open brace appears without a close brace.
+
+zzz. Fixed a bug in the array unset operation that caused it to attempt to
+     parse embedded single and double quotes.
+
+aaaa. Fixed a bug that caused $* to not expand with the first character of
+      $IFS as a separator in a context where word splitting will not take
+      place.
+
+bbbb. Fixed two bugs that could cause the shell to dereference a null pointer
+      while attempting to print an error message from arithmetic expansion.
+
+cccc. Fixed a bug that resulted in short-circuited evaluation when reading
+      commands from a string ending in an unquoted backslash, or when sourcing
+      a file that ends with an unquoted backslash.
+
+dddd. Fixed a bug that resulted in the no-fork optimization not cleaning up
+      any FIFOs created by process substitution.
+
+eeee. If the -T option is not set, allow the source builtin and shell functions
+      to set a DEBUG trap that persists after the sourced file or function
+      returns, instead of restoring the old (unset) value unconditionally.
+
+ffff. Fixed a bug that caused redirections to not be undone on some syntax
+      errors, e.g., when parsing a command substitution.
+
+gggg. Bash only adds asynchronous commands to the table of background pids
+      whose status it remembers, to avoid it growing too large during scripts
+      that create and reap large numbers of child processes.  This means that
+      `wait' no longer works on synchronous jobs, but $? can be used to get
+      the exit status in those cases.
+
+hhhh. Bash now checks whether or not a shell script argument is a directory
+      before trying to open it; Posix says implementations may allow open(2)
+      on a directory.
+
+iiii. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to set the terminal's process
+      group to a background process group when running as part of a pipeline.
+
+jjjj. Made a few changes to strings to avoid possible potential negative effects
+      caused by malicious translations.
+
+kkkk. Fixed a bug that caused the `unset' builtin to continue to treat its
+      arguments as functions after unsetting a function when invoked with no
+      options.
+
+llll. Fixed a bug that would not replace empty strings using pattern
+      substitution even if the pattern matched the empty string.
+
+mmmm. Fixed a bug with word completion that prevented some characters from
+      being backslash-quoted (backquote, dollar sign).
+
+nnnn. Fixed a bug that prevented a command from the history re-executed by the
+      `fc' builtin from setting verbose mode.
+
+oooo. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not enable and disable function
+      tracing with changes to the `extdebug' shell option.
+
+pppp. Fixed a bug that caused assignments to nameref variables pointing to
+      unset variables with attributes but no values to create variables with
+      incorrect names.
+
+qqqq. Fixed a bug that caused `unset' on nameref variables (without -n) to
+      unset the wrong variable under certain circumstances.
+
+rrrr. Fixed a bug that caused close braces occurring in brace expansions within
+      command substitutions to incorrectly terminate parameter expansions.
+
+ssss. Fixed a bug that caused `command -p' to temporarily alter $PATH.
+
+tttt. Fixed a bug that caused interactive shells compiled without job control
+      to return incorrect status values for child processes when running a
+      single command that creates enough children to use the entire PID space.
+
+uuuu. `esac' should not be recognized as a reserved word when it appears as the
+      second or later pattern in a case statement pattern list.
+
+vvvv. Fixed a bug that caused the completion code to read past the end of the
+      readline line buffer while skipping assignment statements to find the
+      command name.
+
+wwww. Fixed a bug that caused case statements within loops contained in a
+      command substitution to be parsed incorrectly.
+
+xxxx. Fixed a bug that could cause SIGCHLD handling to be delayed after
+      running `wait' with no arguments and interrupting it with ^C without
+      a trap handler installed.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  A bug that caused vi-mode `.' to be unable to redo `c', `d', and `y'
+    commands with modifiers was fixed.
+
+b.  Fixed a bug that caused callback mode to dump core when reading a
+    multiple-key sequence (e.g., arrow keys).
+
+c.  Fixed a bug that caused the redisplay code to erase some of the line when
+    using horizontal scrolling with incremental search.
+
+d.  Readline's input handler now performs signal processing if read(2) is
+    interrupted by SIGALRM or SIGVTALRM.
+
+e.  Fixed a problem with revert-all-at-newline freeing freed memory.
+
+f.  Clarified the documentation for the history_quotes_inhibit_expansion
+    variable to note that it inhibits scanning for the history comment
+    character and that it only affects double-quoted strings.
+
+g.  Fixed an off-by-one error in the prompt printed when performing searches.
+
+h.  Use pselect(2), if available, to wait for input before calling read(2), so
+    a SIGWINCH can interrupt it, since it doesn't interrupt read(2).
+
+i.  Some memory leaks caused by signals interrupting filename completion have
+    been fixed.
+
+j.  Reading EOF twice on a non-empty line causes EOF to be returned, rather
+    than the partial line.  This can cause partial lines to be executed on
+    SIGHUP, for example.
+
+k.  Fixed a bug concerning deleting multibyte characters from the search
+    string while performing an incremental search.
+
+l.  Fixed a bug with tilde expanding directory names in filename completion.
+
+m.  Fixed a bug that did not allow binding sequences beginning with a `\'.
+
+n.  Fixed a redisplay bug involving incorrect line wrapping when the prompt
+    contains a multibyte character in the last screen column.
+
+o.  Fixed a bug that caused history expansion to disregard characters that are
+    documented to delimit a history event specifier without requiring `:'.
+
+p.  Fixed a bug that could cause reading past the end of a string when reading
+    the value when binding the set of isearch terminators.
+
+q.  Fixed a bug that caused readline commands that depend on knowing which
+    key invoked them to misbehave when dispatching key sequences that are
+    prefixes of other key bindings.
+
+r.  Paren matching now works in vi insert mode.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  There is now a settable configuration #define that will cause the shell
+    to exit if the shell is running setuid without the -p option and setuid
+    to the real uid fails.
+
+b.  Command and process substitutions now turn off the `-v' option when
+    executing, as other shells seem to do.
+
+c.  The default value for the `checkhash' shell option may now be set at
+    compile time with a #define.
+
+d.  The `mapfile' builtin now has a -d option to use an arbitrary character
+    as the record delimiter, and a -t option  to strip the delimiter as
+    supplied with -d.
+
+e.  The maximum number of nested recursive calls to `eval' is now settable in
+    config-top.h; the default is no limit.
+
+f.  The `-p' option to declare and similar builtins will display attributes for
+    named variables even when those variables have not been assigned values
+    (which are technically unset).
+
+g.  The maximum number of nested recursive calls to `source' is now settable
+    in config-top.h; the default is no limit.
+
+h.  All builtin commands recognize the `--help' option and print a usage
+    summary.
+
+i.  Bash does not allow function names containing `/' and `=' to be exported.
+
+j.  The `ulimit' builtin has new -k (kqueues) and -P (pseudoterminals) options.
+
+k.  The shell now allows `time ; othercommand' to time null commands.
+
+l.  There is a new `--enable-function-import' configuration option to allow
+    importing shell functions from the environment; import is enabled by
+    default.
+
+m.  `printf -v var ""' will now set `var' to the empty string, as if `var=""'
+    had been executed.
+
+n.  GLOBIGNORE, the pattern substitution word expansion, and programmable
+    completion match filtering now honor the value of the `nocasematch' option.
+
+o.  There is a new ${parameter@spec} family of operators to transform the
+    value of `parameter'.
+
+p.  Bash no longer attempts to perform compound assignment if a variable on the
+    rhs of an assignment statement argument to `declare' has the form of a
+    compound assignment (e.g., w='(word)' ; declare foo=$w); compound
+    assignments are accepted if the variable was already declared as an array,
+    but with a warning.
+
+q.  The declare builtin no longer displays array variables using the compound
+    assignment syntax with quotes; that will generate warnings when re-used as
+    input, and isn't necessary.
+
+r.  Executing the rhs of && and || will no longer cause the shell to fork if
+    it's not necessary.
+
+s.  The `local' builtin takes a new argument: `-', which will cause it to save
+    the single-letter shell options and restore their previous values at
+    function return.
+
+t.  `complete' and `compgen' have a new `-o nosort' option, which forces
+    readline to not sort the completion matches.
+
+u.  Bash now allows waiting for the most recent process substitution, since it
+    appears as $!.
+
+v.  The `unset' builtin now unsets a scalar variable if it is subscripted with
+    a `0', analogous to the ${var[0]} expansion.
+
+w.  `set -i' is no longer valid, as in other shells.
+
+x.  BASH_SUBSHELL is now updated for process substitution and group commands
+    in pipelines, and is available with the same value when running any exit
+    trap.
+
+y.  Bash now checks $INSIDE_EMACS as well as $EMACS when deciding whether or
+    not bash is being run in a GNU Emacs shell window.
+
+z.  Bash now treats SIGINT received when running a non-builtin command in a
+    loop the way it has traditionally treated running a builtin command:
+    running any trap handler and breaking out of the loop.
+
+aa. New variable: EXECIGNORE; a colon-separate list of patterns that will
+    cause matching filenames to be ignored when searching for commands.
+
+bb. Aliases whose value ends in a shell metacharacter now expand in a way to
+    allow them to be `pasted' to the next token, which can potentially change
+    the meaning of a command (e.g., turning `&' into `&&').
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  The history truncation code now uses the same error recovery mechanism as
+    the history writing code, and restores the old version of the history file
+    on error.  The error recovery mechanism handles symlinked history files.
+
+b.  There is a new bindable variable, `enable-bracketed-paste', which enables
+    support for a terminal's bracketed paste mode.
+
+c.  The editing mode indicators can now be strings and are user-settable
+    (new `emacs-mode-string', `vi-cmd-mode-string' and `vi-ins-mode-string'
+    variables).  Mode strings can contain invisible character sequences.
+    Setting mode strings to null strings restores the defaults.
+
+d.  Prompt expansion adds the mode string to the last line of a multi-line
+    prompt (one with embedded newlines).
+
+e.  There is a new bindable variable, `colored-completion-prefix', which, if
+    set, causes the common prefix of a set of possible completions to be
+    displayed in color.
+
+f.  There is a new bindable command `vi-yank-pop', a vi-mode version of emacs-
+    mode yank-pop.
+
+g.  The redisplay code underwent several efficiency improvements for multibyte
+    locales.
+
+h.  The insert-char function attempts to batch-insert all pending typeahead
+    that maps to self-insert, as long as it is coming from the terminal.
+
+i.  rl_callback_sigcleanup: a new application function that can clean up and
+    unset any state set by readline's callback mode.  Intended to be used
+    after a signal.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-release, and
+the previous version, bash-4.3-rc2.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Only Posix-mode shells should exit on an assignment failure in the
+    temporary environment preceding a special builtin.  This is how it's been
+    documented.
+
+b.  Fixed a bug that caused a failed special builtin to not exit a posix-mode
+    shell if the failing builtin was on the LHS of a && or ||.
+
+c.  Changed the handling of unquoted backslashes in regular expressions to be
+    closer to bash-4.2.
+
+d.  globstar (**) no longer traverses symbolic links that resolve to
+    directories.  This eliminates some duplicate entries.
+
+e.  Fixed a bug that caused a SIGCHLD trap handler to not be able to change the
+    SIGCHLD disposition.
+
+f.  Fixed a bug that caused a crash when -x was enabled and a command
+    contained a printable multibyte (wide) character.
+
+g.  Fixed a bug that caused an interactive shell without line editing enabled
+    to read invalid data after receiving a SIGINT.
+
+h.  Fixed a bug that caused command word completion to fail if the directory in
+    $PATH where the completion would be found contained single or double quotes.
+
+i.  Fixed a bug that caused a shell with -v enabled to print commands in $()
+    multiple times.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Fixed a bug that caused `undo' to reference freed memory or null pointers.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  The [[ -v ]] option now understands array references (foo[1]) and returns
+    success if the referenced element has a value.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-rc2, and the
+previous version, bash-4.3-rc1.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug that left variables set by printf -v marked as invisible.
+
+b. Fixed an off-by-one error in a job control warning message.
+
+c. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash after declaring a nameref variable
+   without a value.
+
+d. Fixed a bug that caused asynchronous commands to not set $? correctly.
+
+e. Fixed a bug that caused out-of-order execution when executing aliases with
+   embedded newlines containing `.' commands.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that caused error messages generated by expansion errors in
+   `for' commands to have the wrong line number.
+
+g. Fixed a bug that caused the `wait' builtin to not be interruptible in an
+   interactive shell with job control enabled.
+
+h. Fixed a bug that caused SIGINT and SIGQUIT to not be trappable in
+   asynchronous subshell commands.
+
+i. Bash now requires that the value assigned to a nameref variable be a valid
+   shell identifier (variable name or array reference).
+
+j. Converting an existing variable to a nameref variable now turns off the
+   -i/-l/-u/-c attributes.
+
+k. Displaying a nameref variable with `declare -p' now displays the nameref
+   variable and its value rather than following the nameref chain.
+
+l. Fixed a problem with interrupt handling that caused a second and subsequent
+   SIGINT to be ignored by interactive shells.
+
+m. Fixed a bug that caused certain positional parameter and array expansions
+   to mishandle (discard) null positional parameters and array elements.
+
+n. The shell no longer blocks receipt of signals while running trap handlers
+   for those signals, and allows most trap handlers to be run recursively
+   (running trap handlers while a trap handler is executing).
+
+o. The shell now handles backslashes in regular expression arguments to the
+   [[ command's =~ operator slightly differently, resulting in more
+   consistent behavior.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a bug that could cause readline to crash and seg fault attempting to
+   expand an empty history entry.
+
+b. Fixed a bug that caused a bad entry in the $LS_COLORS variable to abort all
+   color processing but leave color enabled.
+
+c. Fixed a bug that caused display problems with multi-line prompts containing
+   invisible characters on multiple lines.
+
+d. Fixed a bug that caused effects made by undoing changes to a history line to
+   be discarded.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  When creating shared libraries on Mac OS X, the pathname written into the
+    library (install_name) no longer includes the minor version number.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-rc1, and the
+previous version, bash-4.3-beta2.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug in bash completion that caused a tilde to be expanded even if
+   the `direxpand' option was not enabled.
+
+b. Fixed a potential bug that could cause corrupted input in interactive shells
+   running without line editing and with `ignoreeof' enabled.
+
+c. Fixed a bug that could cause failures when opening pipes back to shells
+   created to run process substitutions.
+
+d. Fixed a bug that caused an assignment to TEXTDOMAIN to require TEXTDOMAINDIR
+   to be set in order to actually change the current text domain.
+
+e. Changed the way redirections are printed to avoid confusion when the target
+   of an output redirection is a process substitution beginning with `>'.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a. Shared library building is now supported on Mac OS X 10.9 (Darwin 13).
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a. `cd' has a new `-@' option to browse a file's extended attributes on
+   systems that support O_XATTR.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a. There are additional default key bindings for MinGW32
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-beta2, and the
+previous version, bash-4.3-beta.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed a bug that caused assignment to an unset variable using a negative
+    subscript to result in a segmentation fault.
+
+b.  Fixed a bug that caused assignment to a string variable using a negative
+    subscript to use the incorrect index.
+
+c.  Fixed a bug that caused some strings to be interpreted as invalid
+    extended globbing expressions when used with the help builtin.
+
+d.  Fixed a bug that caused an attempt to trap a signal whose disposition
+    cannot be changed to reference uninitialized memory.
+
+e.  Command completion now skips assignment statements preceding a command
+    name and completes the command.
+
+f.  Fixed a bug that caused `compgen -f' in a non-interactive shell to dump
+    core under certain circumstances.
+
+g.  Fixed a bug that caused the `read -N' to misbehave when the input stream
+    contains 0xff.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Changed message when an incremental search fails to include "failed" in
+    the prompt and display the entire search string instead of just the last
+    matching portion.
+
+b.  Fixed a bug that caused an arrow key typed to an incremental search prompt
+    to process the key sequence incorrectly.
+
+c.  Additional key bindings for arrow keys on MinGW.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  The help builtin now attempts substring matching (as it did through
+    bash-4.2) if exact string matching fails.
+
+b.  The fc builtin now interprets -0 as the current command line.
+
+c.  Completing directory names containing shell variables now adds a trailing
+    slash if the expanded result is a directory.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  rl_change_environment: new application-settable variable that controls
+    whether or not Readline modifies the environment (currently readline
+    modifies only LINES and COLUMNS).
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-beta, and the
+previous version, bash-4.3-alpha.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed a bug in the prompt directory name "trimming" code that caused
+    memory corruption and garbled the results.
+
+b.  Fixed a bug that caused single quotes that resulted from $'...' quoting
+    in the replacement portion of a double-quoted ${word/pat/rep} expansion
+    to be treated as quote characters.
+
+c.  Fixed a bug that caused assignment statements preceding a command word to
+    result in assignment statements following a declaration command to not be
+    expanded like assignment statements.
+
+d.  Fixed a bug with variable search order in the presence of local variables
+    with the same name as variables in the temporary environment supplied to
+    a shell function.
+
+e.  Fixed a bug that caused constructs like 1<(2) to be interpreted as process
+    substitutions even in an arithmetic context.
+
+f.  Fixed several cases where `invisible' variables (variables with attributes
+    but no values, which are technically unset) were treated incorrectly.
+
+g.  Fixed a bug that caused group commands in pipelines that were not the
+    last element to not run the EXIT trap.
+
+h.  Fixed a bug that caused `unset -n' to not unset a nameref variable in
+    certain cases.
+
+i.  Fixed the nameref circular reference checking to be less strict and only
+    disallow a nameref variable with the same value as its name at the global
+    scope.
+
+j.  Fixed a bug that caused trap handlers to be executed recursively,
+    corrupting internal data structures.
+
+k.  Fixed a bug that could result in bash not compiling if certain options were
+    not enabled.
+
+l.  Fixed a bug that caused the arithmetic expansion code to attempt variable
+    assignments when operator precedence prohibited them.
+
+m.  Word expansions like ${foo##bar} now understand indirect variable references.
+
+n.  Fixed a bug that caused `declare -fp name' to not display a function 
+    definition.
+
+o.  Fixed a bug that caused asynchronous child processes to modify the stdin
+    file pointer when bash was using it to read a script, which modified the
+    parent's value as well.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Fixed a bug in vi mode that caused the arrow keys to set the saved last
+    vi-mode command to the wrong value.
+
+b.  Fixed a bug that caused double-quoted strings to be scanned incorrectly
+    when being used as the value of a readline variable assignment.
+
+c.  Fixed a bug with vi mode that prevented `.' from repeating a command
+    entered on a previous line (command).
+
+d.  Fixed a bug that could cause completion to core dump if it was interrupted
+    by a signal.
+
+e.  Readline now sends the meta-key enable string to the terminal if the
+    terminal has been successfully initialized.
+
+f.  Readline now calls the signal hook after resizing the terminal when it
+    receives a SIGWINCH.
+
+g.  Fixed a bug that could cause the history list code to perform an out-of-
+    bounds array reference if the history list is empty.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  Shells started to run process substitutions now run any trap set on EXIT.
+
+b.  There is now a configure-time option to enable the globasciiranges option
+    by default.
+
+c.  The read builtin now checks its first variable argument for validity before
+    trying to read any input.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-alpha,
+and the previous version, bash-4.2-release.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed several bugs concerning incomplete bracket expressions in filename
+    generation (globbing) patterns.
+
+b.  Fixed a bug with single quotes and WORD in ${param op WORD} when running
+    in Posix mode.
+
+c.  Fixed a bug that caused the pattern removal and pattern substitution word
+    expansions and case statement word expansion to not match the empty string.
+
+d.  Fixed a bug that caused the tzset() function to not work after changing
+    the TZ environment variable.
+
+e.  Fixed a bug that caused the RHS of an assignment statement to undergo
+    word splitting when it contained an unquoted $@.
+
+f.  Fixed bugs that caused the shell to not react to a SIGINT sent while
+    waiting for a child process to exit.
+
+g.  Bash doesn't try to run things in a signal handler context when it gets a
+    signal (SIGINT/SIGHUP/etc) while reading input using readline but still
+    be responsive to terminating signals.
+
+h.  Fixed a bug that caused bash to go into an infinite loop if a filename
+    to be matched contained an invalid multibyte character.
+
+i.  Fixed a bug that caused PS4 to end up being truncated if it is longer
+    than 128 bytes.
+
+j.  Fixed a bug that caused brace expansion to not skip over double-quoted
+    command substitution.
+
+k.  System-specific updates for: DJGPP, HP/UX, Mac OS X
+
+l.  Fixed a bug in displaying commands that caused redirections to be associated
+    with the wrong part of the command.
+
+m.  Fixed the coproc cleanup to unset the appropriate shell variables when a
+    coproc terminates.
+
+n.  Fixed a bug that caused `fc' to dump core due to incorrect calculation of
+    the last history entry.
+
+o.  Added workarounds for FreeBSD's implementation of faccessat/eaccess and
+    `test -x'.
+
+p.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not match patterns containing
+    control-A.
+
+q.  Fixed a bug that could result in doubled error messages when the `printf'
+    builtin got a write error.
+
+r.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not correctly expand words containing
+    multiple consecutive quoted empty strings (""""""aa).
+
+s.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not correctly parse multi-line
+    process substitutions containing comments and quoted strings.
+
+t.  Fixed a problem with the bash malloc's internal idea of the top of the
+    memory heap that resulted in incorrect decisions to try to reduce the
+    break and give memory back to the kernel.
+
+u.  There are changes to the expansions performed on compound array assignments,
+    in an effort to make foo=( [ind1]=bar [ind2]=baz ) identical to
+    foo[ind1]=bar foo[ind2]=baz.
+
+v.  Bash now reports an error if `read -a name' is used when `name' is an
+    existing associative array.
+
+w.  Fixed a bug that allowed an attempted assignment to a readonly variable
+    in an arithmetic expression to not return failure.
+
+x.  Fixed several bugs that caused completion functions to be invoked even when
+    the cursor was before the first word in the command.
+
+y.  Fixed a bug that caused parsing a command substitution to overwrite the
+    parsing state associated with the complete input line.
+
+z.  Fixed several bugs with the built-in snprintf replacement and field widths
+    and floating point.
+
+aa. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect offset calculations and input buffer
+    corruption when reading files longer than 2^31 bytes.
+
+bb. Fixed several bugs where bash performed arithmetic evaluation in contexts
+    where evaluation is suppressed.
+
+cc. Fixed a bug that caused bash to close FIFOs used for process substitution
+    too early when a shell function was executing, but protect against using
+    all file descriptors when the shell functions are invoked inside loops.
+
+dd. Added checks for printable (and non-printable) multibyte characters for
+    use in error messages.
+
+ee. Fixed a bug that caused ^O (operate-and-get-next) to not work correctly
+    at the end of the history list.
+
+ff. Fixed a bug that caused command-oriented history to incorrectly combine
+    here documents into one line.
+
+gg. Fixed a bug that caused importing SHELLOPTS from the environment into a
+    Posix-mode shell to print an error message and refuse to parse it.
+
+hh. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to delete an extra history entry when
+    using `history -s'.
+
+ii. Fixed a bug that caused floating-point exceptions and overflow errors
+    for the / and % arithmetic operators when using INTMAX_MIN and -1.
+
+jj. Fixed a bug that caused parsing errors when reading an arithmetic for
+    loop inside a command substitution.
+
+kk. Fixed a bug that caused a readonly function to be unset when unset was
+    called without the -f or -v option.
+
+ll. Fixed several bugs in the code that quotes characters special to regular
+    expressions when used in a quoted string on the RHS of the =~ operator
+    to the [[ command.
+
+mm. Fixed a bug that caused redirections to fail because the file descriptor
+    limit was set to a value less than 10.
+
+nn. Fixed a bug that caused the `read' builtin to execute code in a signal
+    handler context if read timed out.
+
+oo. Fixed a bug that caused extended globbing patterns to not match files
+    beginning with `.' correctly when a `.' was explicitly supplied in the
+    pattern.
+
+pp. Fixed a bug that caused key sequences longer than two characters to not
+    work when used with `bind -x'.
+
+qq. Fixed a bug that resulted in redefined functions having the wrong source
+    file names in BASH_SOURCE.
+
+rr. Fixed a bug that caused the read builtin to assign null strings to variables
+    when using `read -N', which caused core dumps when referenced
+
+ss. Fixed a bug that caused `bash -m script' to not enable job control while
+    running the script.
+
+tt. Fixed a bug that caused `printf -v var' to dump core when used with the
+    %b format code.
+
+uu. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to exit with the wrong status if -e was
+    active and the shell exited on a substitution error.
+
+vv. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to seg fault if an array variable with
+    the same name as an existing associative array was implicitly created by
+    an assignment (declare a[n]=b).
+
+ww. Fixed a bug that caused a redirection to misbehave if the number specified
+    for a file descriptor overflows an intmax_t.
+
+xx. Fixed several bugs with the handling of valid and invalid unicode character
+    values when used with the \u and \U escape sequences to printf and $'...'.
+
+yy. Fixed a bug that caused tildes to not be escaped in expanded filenames,
+    making them subject to later expansion.
+
+zz. When using the pattern substitution word expansion, bash now runs the
+    replacement string through quote removal, since it allows quotes in that
+    string to act as escape characters.  This is not backwards compatible, so
+    it can be disabled by setting the bash compatibility mode to 4.2.
+
+aaa. Fixed the rest of the cases where the shell runs non-allowed code in a
+     signal handler context.
+
+bbb. Fixed a bug that caused spurious DEL characters (\177) to appear in
+     double-quoted expansion where the RHS is evaluated to the empty string.
+
+ccc. Fixed a bug that caused the use of the shell's internal random number
+     generator for temporary file names to perturb the random number
+     sequence.
+
+ddd. Fixed several bugs that caused `declare -g' to not set the right global
+     variables or to misbehave when declaring global indexed arrays.
+
+eee. Fixed a logic bug that caused extended globbing in a multibyte locale to
+     cause failures when using the pattern substititution word expansions.
+
+fff. Fixed a bug that caused the `lastpipe' option to corrupt the file
+     descriptor used to read the script.
+
+ggg. Fixed a bug that causes the shell to delete DEL characters in the
+     expanded value of variables used in the same quoted string as variables
+     that expand to nothing.
+
+hhh. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to assign the wrong value from an
+     assignment like (( x=7 )) when `x' was an existing array variable.
+
+iii. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to misbehave when generating sequences
+     and the boundary values overflow an intmax_t.
+
+jjj. Fixed a bug caused expansion errors if an expansion of "$@" appeared
+     next to another expansion (e.g.. "${@}${x}").
+
+kkk. Fixed a potential buffer overflow bug when performing /dev/fd expansion.
+
+lll. Fixed a bug that resulted in an extra semicolon being added to compound
+     assignments when they were added to the history list.
+
+mmm. Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to read one extra line from the input.
+
+nnn. Fixed a bug that caused the mail checking code to use uninitialized
+     values.
+
+ooo. Fixed a bug that prevented history timestamps from being saved if the
+     history comment character is unset.
+
+ppp. Fixed a bug that caused the case-modifying expansions to not work with
+     multibyte characters.
+
+qqq. Fixed a bug that caused the edit-and-execute bindable readline command
+     to see the wrong data if invoked in the middle of a multi-line quoted
+     string.
+
+rrr. Fixed a bug that resulted in the shell returning the wrong exit status
+     for a background command on systems that recycle PIDs very quickly.
+
+sss. Fixed a bug that caused asynchronous group commands to not run any EXIT
+     trap defined in the body of the command.
+
+ttt. Fixed a bug that caused `eval "... ; return"' to not clean up properly.
+
+uuu. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core if `read' reads an escaped
+     IFS whitespace character.
+
+vvv. Fixed a bug that caused BASH_COMMAND to be set to an incorrect value when
+     executing a (...) subshell.
+
+www. Fixed a couple of pointer aliasing bugs with the token string in arithmetic
+     evaluation.
+
+xxx. Fixed a bug with parsing multi-line command substitutions when reading
+     the `do' keyword followed by whitespace.
+
+yyy. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to seg fault if the time given to the
+     printf %(...)T format overflowed the value accepted by localtime(3).
+
+zzz. Fixed a problem with displaying help topics in two columns when the
+     translated text contained multibyte characters.
+
+aaaa. Fixed a bug with the extended globbing pattern matcher where a `*' was
+      followed by a negated extended glob pattern.
+
+bbbb. Fixed a race condition with short-lived coproc creation and reaping that
+      caused the child process to be reaped before the various coproc shell
+      variables were initialized.
+
+cccc. Fixed a bug where turning off `errexit' in command substitution subshells
+      was not reflected in $SHELLOPTS.
+
+dddd. Partially fixed an inconsistency in how the shell treated shell
+      functions run from an EXIT trap.
+
+eeee. Fixed a bug in how the shell invalidated FIFOs used for process
+      substitution when executing a pipeline (once rather than in every child).
+
+ffff. Fixed a bug that occurred when expanding a special variable ($@, $*)
+      within double quotes and the expansion resulted in an empty string.
+
+gggg. Fixed bugs with executing a SIGCHLD trap handler to make sure that it's
+      executed once per exited child.
+
+hhhh. Fixed a bug that caused `declare' and `test' to find variables that
+      had been given attributes but not assigned values.  Such variables are
+      not set.
+
+iiii. Fixed a bug that caused commands in process substitutions to not look in
+      the local temporary environment when performing word expansions.
+
+jjjj. Fixed several problems with globstar expansions (**/**) returning null
+      filenames and multiple instances of the same pathname.
+
+kkkk. Fixed an oversight that did not allow the exit status of `coproc' to
+      be inverted using `!'.
+
+llll. Fixed a bug that caused the -e option to be re-enabled using `set -e'
+      even when executing in a context where -e is ignored.
+
+mmmm. Fixed a (mostly theoretical) bug with input lines longer than SIZE_MAX.
+
+nnnn. Fixed a bug that could result in double evaluation of command
+      substitutions when they appear in failed redirections.
+
+oooo. Fixed a bug that could cause seg faults during `mapfile' callbacks if
+      the callback unsets the array variable mapfile is using.
+
+pppp. Fixed several problems with variable assignments using ${var:=value}
+      when the variable assignment is supposed to have side effects.
+
+qqqq. Fixed a bug that caused a failure of an assignment statement preceding a
+      builtin caused the next invocation of a special builtin to exit the shell.
+
+rrrr. Fixed several problems with IFS when it appears in the temporary environment
+      and is used in redirections.
+
+ssss. Fixed a problem that caused IFS changes using ${IFS:=value} to modify
+      how preceding expansions were split.
+
+tttt. Fixed a problem that caused subshells to not run an EXIT trap they set.
+
+uuuu. Fixed a problem that caused shells started in posix mode to attempt to
+      import shell functions with invalid names from the environment.  We now
+      print a warning.
+
+vvvv. Worked around a kernel problem that caused SIGCHLD to interrupt open(2)
+      on a FIFO used for process substitution, even if the SIGCHLD handler was
+      installed with the SA_RESTART flag.
+
+wwww. Fixed a problem that resulted in inconsistent expansion of $* and ${a[*]}.
+
+xxxx. Fixed a problem that caused `read -t' to crash when interrupted by
+      SIGINT.
+
+yyyy. Fixed a problem that caused pattern removal to fail randomly because the
+      pattern matcher read beyond the end of a string.
+
+zzzz. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when shell functions tried to create
+      local shadow copies of special variables like GROUPS.
+
+aaaaa. Fixed a bug that caused SIGTERM to be occasionally lost by children of
+       interactive shells when it arrived before the child process reset the
+       handler from SIG_DFL.
+
+bbbbb. Fixed a bug that caused redirections like <&n- to leave file descriptor
+       n closed if executed with a builtin command.
+
+ccccc. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect completion quoting when completing a
+       word containing a globbing character with `show-all-if-ambiguous' set.
+
+ddddd. Fixed a bug that caused printf's %q format specifier not to quote a
+       tilde even if it appeared in a location where it would be subject to
+       tilde expansion.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Fixed a bug that did not allow the `dd', `cc', or `yy' vi editing mode
+    commands to work on the entire line.
+
+b.  Fixed a bug that caused redisplay problems with prompts longer than 128
+    characters and history searches.
+
+c.  Fixed a bug that caused readline to try and run code to modify its idea
+    of the screen size in a signal handler context upon receiving a SIGWINCH.
+
+d.  Fixed a bug that caused the `meta' key to be enabled beyond the duration
+    of an individual call top readline().
+    
+e.  Added a workaround for a wcwidth bug in Mac OS X that caused readline's
+    redisplay to mishandle zero-width combining characters.
+
+f.  Fixed a bug that caused readline to `forget' part of a key sequence when
+    a multiple-key sequence caused it to break out of an incremental search.
+
+g.  Fixed bugs that caused readline to execute code in a signal handler
+    context if interrupted while reading from the file system during completion.
+
+h.  Fixed a bug that caused readline to `forget' part of a key sequence when
+    reading an unbound multi-character key sequence.
+
+i.  Fixed a bug that caused Readline's signal handlers to be installed beyond
+    the bounds of a single call to readline().
+
+j.  Fixed a bug that caused the `.' command to not redo the most recent `R'
+    command in vi mode.
+
+k.  Fixed a bug that caused ignoring case in completion matches to result in
+    readline using the wrong match.
+
+l.  Paren matching now works in vi insert mode.
+
+m.  Fix menu-completion to make show-all-if-ambiguous and menu-complete-display-prefix
+    work together.
+
+n.  Fixed a bug that didn't allow the `cc', `dd', or `yy' commands to be redone
+    in vi editing mode.
+
+o.  Fixed a bug that caused the filename comparison code to not compare
+    multibyte characters correctly when using case-sensitive or case-mapping
+    comparisons.
+
+p.  Fixed the input reading loop to call the input hook function only when there
+    is no terminal input available.
+
+q.  Fixed a bug that caused binding a macro to a multi-character key sequence
+    where the sequence and macro value share a common prefix to not perform
+    the macro replacement.
+
+r.  Fixed several redisplay errors with multibyte characters and prompts
+    containing invisible characters when using horizontal scrolling.
+
+s.  Fixed a bug that caused redisplay errors when trying to overwrite
+    existing characters using multibyte characters.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  The `helptopic' completion action now maps to all the help topics, not just
+    the shell builtins.
+
+b.  The `help' builtin no longer does prefix substring matching, so `help read'
+    does not match `readonly'.
+
+c.  The shell can be compiled to not display a message about processes that
+    terminate due to SIGTERM.
+
+d.  Non-interactive shells now react to the setting of checkwinsize and set
+    LINES and COLUMNS after a foreground job exits.
+
+e.  There is a new shell option, `globasciiranges', which, when set to on,
+    forces globbing range comparisons to use character ordering as if they
+    were run in the C locale.
+
+f.  There is a new shell option, `direxpand', which makes filename completion
+    expand variables in directory names in the way bash-4.1 did.
+
+g.  In Posix mode, the `command' builtin does not change whether or not a
+    builtin it shadows is treated as an assignment builtin.
+
+h.  The `return' and `exit' builtins accept negative exit status arguments.
+
+i.  The word completion code checks whether or not a filename containing a
+    shell variable expands to a directory name and appends `/' to the word
+    as appropriate.  The same code expands shell variables in command names
+    when performing command completion.
+
+j.  In Posix mode, it is now an error to attempt to define a shell function
+    with the same name as a Posix special builtin.
+
+k.  When compiled for strict Posix conformance, history expansion is disabled
+    by default.
+
+l.  The history expansion character (!) does not cause history expansion when
+    followed by the closing quote in a double-quoted string.
+
+m.  `complete' and its siblings compgen/compopt now takes a new `-o noquote'
+    option to inhibit quoting of the completions.
+
+n.  Setting HISTSIZE to a value less than zero causes the history list to be
+    unlimited (setting it 0 zero disables the history list).
+
+o.  Setting HISTFILESIZE to a value less than zero causes the history file size
+    to be unlimited (setting it to 0 causes the history file to be truncated
+    to zero size).
+
+p.  The `read' builtin now skips NUL bytes in the input.
+
+q.  There is a new `bind -X' option to print all key sequences bound to Unix
+    commands.
+
+r.  When in Posix mode, `read' is interruptible by a trapped signal.  After
+    running the trap handler, read returns 128+signal and throws away any
+    partially-read input.
+
+s.  The command completion code skips whitespace and assignment statements
+    before looking for the command name word to be completed.
+
+t.  The build process has a new mechanism for constructing separate help files
+    that better reflects the current set of compilation options.
+
+u.  The -nt and -ot options to test now work with files with nanosecond
+    timestamp resolution.
+
+v.  The shell saves the command history in any shell for which history is
+    enabled and HISTFILE is set, not just interactive shells.
+
+w.  The shell has `nameref' variables and new -n(/+n) options to declare and
+    unset to use them, and a `test -R' option to test for them.
+
+x.  The shell now allows assigning, referencing, and unsetting elements of
+    indexed arrays using negative subscripts (a[-1]=2, echo ${a[-1]}) which
+    count back from the last element of the array.
+
+y.  The {x}<word redirection feature now allows words like {array[ind]} and
+    can use variables with special meanings to the shell (e.g., BASH_XTRACEFD).
+
+z.  There is a new CHILD_MAX special shell variable; its value controls the
+    number of exited child statuses the shell remembers.
+
+aa. There is a new configuration option (--enable-direxpand-default) that
+    causes the `direxpand' shell option to be enabled by default.
+
+bb. Bash does not do anything special to ensure that the file descriptor
+    assigned to X in {x}<foo remains open after the block containing it
+    completes.
+
+cc. The `wait' builtin has a new `-n' option to wait for the next child to
+    change status.
+
+dd. The `printf' %(...)T format specifier now uses the current time if no
+    argument is supplied.
+
+ee. There is a new variable, BASH_COMPAT, that controls the current shell
+    compatibility level.
+
+ff. The `popd' builtin now treats additional arguments as errors.
+
+gg. The brace expansion code now treats a failed sequence expansion as a
+    simple string and will continue to expand brace terms in the remainder
+    of the word.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  Readline is now more responsive to SIGHUP and other fatal signals when
+    reading input from the terminal or performing word completion but no
+    longer attempts to run any not-allowable functions from a signal handler
+    context.
+
+b.  There are new bindable commands to search the history for the string of
+    characters between the beginning of the line and the point
+    (history-substring-search-forward, history-substring-search-backward)
+
+c.  Readline allows quoted strings as the values of variables when setting
+    them with `set'.  As a side effect, trailing spaces and tabs are ignored
+    when setting a string variable's value.
+
+d.  The history library creates a backup of the history file when writing it
+    and restores the backup on a write error.
+
+e.  New application-settable variable: rl_filename_stat_hook: a function called
+    with a filename before using it in a call to stat(2).  Bash uses it to
+    expand shell variables so things like $HOME/Downloads have a slash
+    appended.
+
+f.  New bindable function `print-last-kbd-macro', prints the most-recently-
+    defined keyboard macro in a reusable format.
+
+g.  New user-settable variable `colored-stats', enables use of colored text
+    to denote file types when displaying possible completions (colored analog
+    of visible-stats).
+
+h.  New user-settable variable `keyseq-timout', acts as an inter-character
+    timeout when reading input or incremental search strings.
+
+i.  New application-callable function: rl_clear_history. Clears the history list
+    and frees all readline-associated private data.
+
+j.  New user-settable variable, show-mode-in-prompt, adds a characters to the
+    beginning of the prompt indicating the current editing mode.
+
+k.  New application-settable variable: rl_input_available_hook; function to be
+    called when readline needs to check whether there is data available on its
+    input source.  The default hook checks rl_instream.
+
+l.  Readline calls an application-set event hook (rl_signal_event_hook) after
+    it gets a signal while reading input (read returns -1/EINTR but readline
+    does not handle the signal immediately) to allow the application to handle
+    or otherwise note it.  Not currently called for SIGHUP or SIGTERM.
+
+m.  If the user-settable variable `history-size' is set to a value less than
+    0, the history list size is unlimited.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-release,
+and the previous version, bash-4.2-rc2.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed a bug that caused some variables to be clobbered by a longjmp,
+    resulting in stack corruption.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-rc2,
+and the previous version, bash-4.2-rc1.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Changes to bash_directory_completion_hook so that it's assigned to the
+    readline rl_directory_rewrite_hook variable, which modifies the directory
+    name passed to opendir without modifying the directory name the user
+    typed.
+
+b.  Fixed bug in select builtin that caused it to not terminate correctly if
+    the read timed out due to $TMOUT.
+
+c.  Fixed a problem that resulted in non-repeatable sequences of random
+    numbers when RANDOM=0.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-rc1,
+and the previous version, bash-4.2-beta.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed a bug that caused some redirection errors to leak file descriptors.
+
+b.  Fixed a bug that caused unary `+' and `-' arithmetic operators to have a
+    higher precedence than unary `!' and `~'.
+
+c.  Fixed a bug that caused simple commands in a pipeline to affect the exit
+    status ($?) seen by subsequent pipeline commands.
+
+d.  A number of cygwin-specific changes to avoid the use of text-mode files
+    and file access, and to make sure that \r is handled correctly.
+
+e.  Fixed a bug that caused the read builtin to not return failure if an
+    attempt is made to assign to a readonly variable.
+
+f.  Fixed a bug that caused some builtin usage messages to not be translated.
+
+g.  Fixed a bug that caused the getopts builtin to not return failure if an
+    attempt is made to assign to a readonly variable.  Now it returns 2.
+
+h.  Fixed the cd and pwd builtins to return failure if PWD is readonly and
+    cannot be assigned to.
+
+i.  Added code to check the return value of access(2) on Solaris systems,
+    since it returns success for executable tests (e.g., `test -x') when
+    run by root, even if the file permissions don't allow execution.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Fixed a bug that caused directory names in words to be completed to not
+    be dequoted correctly.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-beta,
+and the previous version, bash-4.2-alpha.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed a bug that caused the \W prompt string escape to not add a closing
+    NULL.
+
+b.  Fixed a bug that caused partially-quoted words that were not subject to
+    word splitting to retained quoted NULLs.
+
+c.  Added considerable efficiency speedups when pattern matching in multibyte
+    locales by skipping multibyte character functions where possible.
+
+d.  Added considerable speedups to variable expansion when in multibyte locales.
+
+e.  Fixed a bug that caused the expansion of $* when there are no positional
+    parameters to cause the shell to dump core when used in a pattern
+    matching context.
+
+f.  Fixed a bug that caused variable expansions preceding regular builtins to
+    not change the shell environment during their execution.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Fixed a bug that made an explicit argument of 0 to yank-last-arg behave
+    as if it were a negative argument.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-alpha,
+and the previous version, bash-4.1-release.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed a bug in the parser when processing alias expansions containing
+    quoted newlines.
+
+b.  Fixed a memory leak in associative array expansion.
+
+c.  Fixed a bug that caused quoted here-strings to be requoted when printed.
+
+d.  Fixed a bug in arithmetic expansion that caused the index in an array
+    expansion to be evaluated twice under certain circumstances.
+
+e.  Fixed several bugs with the expansion and display of variables that have
+    been given attributes but not values and are technically unset.
+
+f.  Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when using filename completion that
+    expands to a filename containing a globbing character.
+
+g.  Fixed a bug that caused assignment statements preceding a special builtin
+    when running in Posix mode to not persist after the builtin completed
+    when the special builtin was executed in a shell function without any
+    local variables.
+
+h.  Fixed a bug that caused a command to remain in the hash table even after
+    `hash command' did not find anything if there was already an existing
+    hashed pathname.
+
+i.  Fixed several bugs caused by executing unsafe functions from a signal
+    handler in the cases where a signal handler is executed immediately
+    rather than setting a flag for later execution.
+
+j.  Fixed a bug that caused some internal flag variables to be set
+    incorrectly if `read -t' timed out.
+
+k.  Fixed a Posix compatibility issue by making sure that a backslash escaping
+    a `}' within a double-quoted ${...} parameter expansion is removed as part
+    of the parameter expansion.
+
+l.  Fixed a bug that caused execution of a trap to overwrite PIPESTATUS.
+
+m.  Fixed a bug that caused here documents to not be displayed correctly
+    when attached to commands inside compound commands.
+
+n.  Fixed a bug that caused the printf builtin to use the wrong precision
+    when using the `*' modifier.
+
+o.  Fixed a bug that caused an arriving SIGCHLD to interrupt output functions
+    like those invoked by echo or printf.
+
+p.  Changed to use a more robust mechanism than eaccess(2) when test is
+    checking filenames for execution permission.
+
+q.  Fixed a bug that caused spurious semicolons to be added into the command
+    history in certain cases.
+
+r.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to free non-allocated memory when
+    unsetting element 0 of an associative array after it was assigned
+    implicitly.
+
+s.  Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to dump core if using the `v'
+    vi editing command on a multi-line command.
+
+t.  Fixed a bug that left FIFOs opened by process substitutions open long
+    enough to potentially cause file descriptor exhaustion when running a
+    shell function or shell builtin.
+
+u.  Fixed a bug that caused the history expansion functions to not recognize
+    process substitution or extended glob patterns as single words.
+
+v.  Fixed a bug that caused restricted shells to set a restricted command's
+    exit status incorrectly.
+
+w.  Fixed a bug that caused bash to ignore the wrong set of filenames when
+    completing a command using the `complete-filename' readline command.
+
+x.  Fixed a bug that caused a -PID argument following a -s sig or -n sig to
+    not be interpreted as a signal specification.
+
+y.  Changed posix-mode behavior of a parse error in a `.' script or `eval'
+    command to exit the shell under Posix-specified conditions.  Previous
+    versions printed a warning.
+
+z.  Fixed a bug in \W prompt expansion that resulted in incorrect expansion
+    in the event of overlapping strings.
+
+aa. Fixed a bug that caused the := parameter expansion operator to return the
+    wrong value as the result of the expansion.
+
+bb. When in Posix mode, a single quote is not treated specially in a
+    double-quoted ${...} expansion, unless the expansion operator is
+    # or % or the non-Posix `//', `^', and `,'.  In particular, it does
+    not define a new quoting context.  This is from Posix interpretation 221.
+
+cc. Fixed a bug that inadvertently allowed program names containing slashes
+    to be entered into the command hash table.
+
+dd. Fixed a bug that caused the select builtin to incorrectly compute the
+    display width of the arguments in the presence of multibyte characters.
+
+ee. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not change the xtrace file descriptor if
+    BASH_XTRACEFD was found in the shell environment at startup.
+
+ff. Fixed a memory leak in the pattern removal parameter expansion.
+
+gg. Fixed a bug that caused SIGINT to fail to interrupt a nested loop if the
+    loop was in a pipeline.
+
+hh. Fixed a problem in $(...) parsing that caused the parser to add an extra
+    space to a here-document delimiter if the first word contained a `/'.
+
+ii. Fixed a bug that caused functions defined with the `function' reserved
+    word to require braces around the function body.
+
+jj. Fixed a bug that caused bash to dump core when a variable expansion being
+    used as an array subscript failed.
+
+kk. Fixed a bug that caused bash to dump core if the case-modification
+    expansions were used on a variable with a null value.
+
+ll. Fixed a bug that caused partially-quoted strings to be split incorrectly
+    if a variable with a null value was expanded within double quotes.
+
+mm. The pattern substitution word expansion has been sped up dramatically
+    when running in a locale with multibyte characters.
+
+nn. Fixed a bug that caused history -a to not write the correct lines to
+    the history file if all the new lines in the history list were added
+    since the last time the history file was read or written.
+
+oo. Fixed a bug that caused completion of a word with an unclosed `` command
+    substitution to set the prompt incorrectly.
+
+pp. Fixed a bug that caused extended globbing patterns in $HISTIGNORE or
+    $GLOBIGNORE to be incorrectly scanned.
+
+qq. Fixed a bug caused by closing file descriptors 3-20 on shell startup.  The
+    shell now sets them to close-on-exec.
+
+rr. Fixed a bug that caused the exit status of `exec file' to be set incorrectly
+    if `file' was a directory.
+
+ss. Fixed a bug in the `.' builtin to make a non-interactive posix-mode shell
+    exit if the file argument to `.' is not found.  Prefixing exec with 
+    `command' makes the shell not exit. Posix requires this behavior.
+
+tt. Fixed a bug that caused `sh -c 'command exec; exit 1' to hang.
+
+uu. Fixed a bug in $(...) command substitution parsing that caused the shell
+    to treat backslash-newline incorrectly when parsing a comment.
+
+vv. Fixed bug that caused brace expansion sequence generation to misbehave
+    when supplied integers greater than 2**31 - 1.
+
+ww. Fixed a bug that caused failure to save file descriptors for redirections
+    to corrupt shell file descriptors.
+
+xx. Fixed a bug that caused bash-forward-shellword to not correctly handle
+    quoted strings.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Fixed a bug that caused the unconverted filename to be added to the list of
+    completions when the application specified filename conversion functions.
+
+b.  Fixed a bug that caused the wrong filename to be passed to opendir when the
+    application has specified a filename dequoting function.
+
+c.  Fixed a bug when repeating a character search in vi mode in the case where
+    there was no search to repeat.
+
+d.  When show-all-if-ambiguous is set, the completion routines no longer insert
+    a common match prefix that is shorter than the text being completed.
+
+e.  The full set of vi editing commands may now be used in callback mode.
+
+f.  Fixed a bug that caused readline to not update its idea of the terminal
+    dimensions while running in `no-echo' mode.
+
+h.  Fixed a bug that caused readline to dump core if an application called
+    rl_prep_terminal without setting rl_instream.
+
+i.  Fixed a bug that caused meta-prefixed characters bound to incremental
+    search forward or backward to not be recognized if they were typed
+    subsequently.
+
+j.  The incremental search code treats key sequences that map to the same
+    functions as (default) ^G, ^W, and ^Y as equivalent to those characters.
+
+k.  Fixed a bug in menu-complete that caused it to misbehave with large
+    negative argument.
+
+l.  Fixed a bug that caused vi-mode yank-last-arg to ring the bell when invoked
+    at the end of the line.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  `exec -a foo' now sets $0 to `foo' in an executable shell script without a
+    leading #!.
+
+b.  Subshells begun to execute command substitutions or run shell functions or
+    builtins in subshells do not reset trap strings until a new trap is
+    specified.  This allows $(trap) to display the caller's traps and the
+    trap strings to persist until a new trap is set.
+
+c.  `trap -p' will now show signals ignored at shell startup, though their
+    disposition still cannot be modified.
+
+d.  $'...', echo, and printf understand \uXXXX and \UXXXXXXXX escape sequences.
+
+e.  declare/typeset has a new `-g' option, which creates variables in the
+    global scope even when run in a shell function.
+
+f.  test/[/[[ have a new -v variable unary operator, which returns success if
+    `variable' has been set.
+
+g.  Posix parsing changes to allow `! time command' and multiple consecutive
+    instances of `!' (which toggle) and `time' (which have no cumulative
+    effect).
+
+h.  Posix change to allow `time' as a command by itself to print the elapsed
+    user, system, and real times for the shell and its children.
+
+j.  $((...)) is always parsed as an arithmetic expansion first, instead of as
+    a potential nested command substitution, as Posix requires.
+
+k.  A new FUNCNEST variable to allow the user to control the maximum shell
+    function nesting (recursive execution) level.
+
+l.  The mapfile builtin now supplies a third argument to the callback command:
+    the line about to be assigned to the supplied array index.
+
+m.  The printf builtin has a new %(fmt)T specifier, which allows time values
+    to use strftime-like formatting.
+
+n.  There is a new `compat41' shell option.
+
+o.  The cd builtin has a new Posix-mandated `-e' option.
+
+p.  Negative subscripts to indexed arrays, previously errors, now are treated
+    as offsets from the maximum assigned index + 1.
+
+q.  Negative length specifications in the ${var:offset:length} expansion,
+    previously errors, are now treated as offsets from the end of the variable.
+
+r.  Parsing change to allow `time -p --'.
+
+s.  Posix-mode parsing change to not recognize `time' as a keyword if the
+    following token begins with a `-'.  This means no more Posix-mode
+    `time -p'.  Posix interpretation 267.
+
+t.  There is a new `lastpipe' shell option that runs the last command of a
+    pipeline in the current shell context.  The lastpipe option has no
+    effect if job control is enabled.
+
+u.  History expansion no longer expands the `$!' variable expansion.
+
+v.  Posix mode shells no longer exit if a variable assignment error occurs
+    with an assignment preceding a command that is not a special builtin.
+
+w.  Non-interactive mode shells exit if -u is enabled and an attempt is made
+    to use an unset variable with the % or # expansions, the `//', `^', or
+    `,' expansions, or the parameter length expansion.
+
+x.  Posix-mode shells use the argument passed to `.' as-is if a $PATH search
+    fails, effectively searching the current directory.  Posix-2008 change.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  The history library does not try to write the history filename in the
+    current directory if $HOME is unset.  This closes a potential security
+    problem if the application does not specify a history filename.
+
+b.  New bindable variable `completion-display-width' to set the number of
+    columns used when displaying completions.
+
+c.  New bindable variable `completion-case-map' to cause case-insensitive
+    completion to treat `-' and `_' as identical.
+
+d.  There are new bindable vi-mode command names to avoid readline's case-
+    insensitive matching not allowing them to be bound separately.
+
+e.  New bindable variable `menu-complete-display-prefix' causes the menu
+    completion code to display the common prefix of the possible completions
+    before cycling through the list, instead of after.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.1-rc,
+and the previous version, bash-4.1-beta.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed a bug that caused printf to not return a partial value when it
+    encountered an error while converting an integer argument.
+
+b.  Fixed a bug that caused setting one of the compatNN options to not
+    turn off the others.
+
+c.  The (undocumented) --wordexp option is no longer included by default.
+
+d.  Fixed a bug in conditional command execution that caused it to not
+    correctly ignore the exit status under certain circumstances.
+
+e.  Added a configure-time check for correctly-working asprintf/snprintf.
+
+f.  Fixed some problems with line number calculation and display when sourcing
+    a file in an interactive shell.
+
+g.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when using `declare -A foo=bar'.
+
+h.  Fixed a bug that caused an off-by-one error when calculating the directories
+    to display with the PROMPT_DIRTRIM option.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Fixed a bug that caused applications using the callback interface to not
+    react to SIGINT (or other signals) until another character arrived.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.1-beta,
+and the previous version, bash-4.1-alpha.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed a bug in mapfile that caused the shell to crash if it was passed the
+    name of an associative array.
+
+b.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to incorrectly split case patterns if
+    they contained characters in $IFS.
+
+c.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to set $? to the wrong value when using
+    a construct ending with a variable assignment with set -x enabled and PS4
+    containing a command substitution.
+
+d.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to read commands incorrectly if an
+    expansion error occurred under certain conditions in a user-specified
+    subshell.
+
+e.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to set $? incorrectly if a parse error
+    occurred in an evaluation context ("eval", trap command, dot script, etc.)
+
+f.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to attempt command substitution
+    completion within a single-quoted string.
+
+g.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to insert an extra single quote during
+    word completion.
+
+h.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash if invoked with the environment
+    variable EMACS having a null value.
+
+i.  Fixed a bug that caused bash to incorrectly report the presence of new
+    mail in a `maildir' environment.
+
+j.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not recognize a here-document ending
+    delimiter inside a command substitution.
+
+k.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when a a dynamic array variable
+    was assigned a scalar value.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  The mapfile/readarray builtin no longer stores the commands it invokes via
+    callbacks in the history list.
+
+b.  There is a new `compat40' shopt option.
+
+c.  The < and > operators to [[ do string comparisons using the current locale
+    only if the compatibility level is greater than 40 (set to 41 by default).
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.1-alpha,
+and the previous version, bash-4.0-release.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed bugs in the parser involving new parsing of the commands contained
+    in command substitution when the substitution is read.
+
+b.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when performing programmable
+    completion using a shell function.
+
+c.  Fixed a bug in `mapfile' that caused it to invoke callbacks at the wrong
+    time.
+
+d.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when listing jobs in the
+    `exit' builtin.
+
+e.  Fixed several bugs encountered when reading subscripts in associative
+    array assignments and expansions.
+
+f.  Fixed a bug that under some circumstances caused an associative array to
+    be converted to an indexed array.
+
+g.  Fixed a bug that caused syntax errors and SIGINT interrupts to not set
+    $? to a value > 128.
+
+h.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to remove FIFOs associated with process
+    substitution inside shell functions.
+
+i.  Fixed a bug that caused terminal attributes to not be reset when the
+    `read' builtin timed out.
+
+j.  Fixed a bug in brace expansion that caused unwanted zero padding of the
+    expanded terms.
+
+k.  Fixed a bug that prevented the |& construct from working as intended when
+    used with a simple command with additional redirections.
+
+l.  Fixed a bug with the case statement ;& terminator that caused the shell to
+    dereference a NULL pointer.
+
+m.  Fixed a bug that caused assignment statements or redirections preceding
+    a simple command name to inhibit alias expansion.
+
+n.  Fixed the behavior of `set -u' to conform to the latest Posix interpretation:
+    every expansion of an unset variable except $@ and $* will cause the
+    shell to exit.
+
+o.  Fixed a bug that caused double-quoted expansions of $* inside word
+    expansions like ${x#$*} to not expand properly when $IFS is empty.
+
+p.  Fixed a bug that caused traps to set $LINENO to the wrong value when they
+    execute.
+
+q.  Fixed a bug that caused off-by-one errors when computing history lines in
+    the `fc' builtin.
+
+r.  Fixed a bug that caused some terminating signals to not exit the shell
+    quickly enough, forcing the kernel to send the signal (e.g., SIGSEGV)
+    multiple times.
+
+s.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to attempt to add empty lines to the
+    history list when reading here documents.
+
+t.  Made some internal changes that dramatically speeds up sequential indexed
+    array access.
+
+u.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to write past the end of a string when
+    completing a double-quoted string ending in a backslash.
+
+v.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to replace too many characters when a
+    pattern match was null in a ${foo//bar} expansion.
+
+w.  Fixed bugs in the expansion of ** that caused duplicate directory names
+    and the contents of the current directory to be omitted.
+
+x.  Fixed a bug that caused $? to not be set correctly when referencing an
+    unset variable with set -u and set -e enabled.
+
+y.  Fixed a bug caused by executing an external program from the DEBUG trap
+    while a pipeline was running.  The effect was to disturb the pipeline
+    state, occasionally causing it to hang.
+
+z.  Fixed a bug that caused the ** glob expansion to dump core if it
+    encountered an unsearchable directory.
+
+aa. Fixed a bug that caused `command -v' and `command -V' to not honor the
+    path set by the -p option.
+
+bb. Fixed a bug that caused brace expansion to take place too soon in some
+    compound array assignments.
+
+cc. Fixed a bug that caused programmable completion functions' changes to
+    READLINE_POINT to not be reflected back to readline.
+
+dd. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core if a trap was executed
+    during a shell assignment statement.
+
+ee. Fixed an off-by-one error when computing the number of positional
+    parameters for the ${@:0:n} expansion.
+
+ff. Fixed a problem with setting COMP_CWORD for programmable completion
+    functions that could leave it set to -1.
+
+gg. Fixed a bug that caused the ERR trap to be triggered in some cases where
+    `set -e' would not have caused the shell to exit.
+
+hh. Fixed a bug that caused changes made by `compopt' to not persist past the
+    completion function in which compopt was executed.
+
+ii. Fixed a bug that caused the list of hostname completions to not be cleared
+    when HOSTNAME was unset.
+
+jj. Fixed a bug that caused variable expansion in here documents to look in
+    any temporary environment.
+
+kk. Bash and readline can now convert file names between precomposed and
+    decomposed Unicode on Mac OS X ("keyboard" and file system forms,
+    respectively).  This affects filename completion (using new
+    rl_filename_rewrite_hook), globbing, and readline redisplay.
+
+ll. The ERR and EXIT traps now see a non-zero value for $? when a parser
+    error after set -e has been enabled causes the shell to exit.
+
+mm. Fixed a bug that in brace expansion that caused zero-prefixed terms to
+    not contain the correct number of digits.
+
+nn. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to free non-allocated memory when
+    unsetting an associative array which had had a value implicitly assigned
+    to index "0".
+
+oo. Fixed a memory leak in the ${!prefix@} expansion.
+
+pp. Fixed a bug that caused printf to not correctly report all write errors.
+
+qq. Fixed a bug that caused single and double quotes to act as delimiters
+    when splitting a command line into words for programmable completion.
+
+rr. Fixed a bug that caused ** globbing that caused **/path/* to match every
+    directory, not just those matching `path'.
+
+ss. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when running `help' without
+    arguments if the terminal width was fewer than 7 characters.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  The SIGWINCH signal handler now avoids calling the redisplay code if
+    one arrives while in the middle of redisplay.
+
+b.  Changes to the timeout code to make sure that timeout values greater
+    than one second are handled better.
+
+c.  Fixed a bug in the redisplay code that was triggered by a prompt
+    containing invisible characters exactly the width of the screen.
+
+d.  Fixed a bug in the redisplay code encountered when running in horizontal
+    scroll mode.
+
+e.  Fixed a bug that prevented menu completion from properly completing
+    filenames.
+
+f.  Fixed a redisplay bug caused by a multibyte character causing a line to
+    wrap.
+
+g.  Fixed a bug that caused key sequences of two characters to not be
+    recognized when a longer sequence identical in the first two characters
+    was bound.
+
+h.  Fixed a bug that caused history expansion to be attempted on $'...'
+    single-quoted strings.
+
+i.  Fixed a bug that caused incorrect redisplay when the prompt contained
+    multibyte characters in an `invisible' sequence bracketed by \[ and
+    \].
+
+j.  Fixed a bug that caused history expansion to short-circuit after
+    encountering a multibyte character.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  Here-documents within $(...) command substitutions may once more be
+    delimited by the closing right paren, instead of requiring a newline.
+
+b.  Bash's file status checks (executable, readable, etc.) now take file
+    system ACLs into account on file systems that support them.
+
+c.  Bash now passes environment variables with names that are not valid
+    shell variable names through into the environment passed to child
+    processes.
+
+d.  The `execute-unix-command' readline function now attempts to clear and
+    reuse the current line rather than move to a new one after the command
+    executes.
+
+e.  `printf -v' can now assign values to array indices.
+
+f.  New `complete -E' and `compopt -E' options that work on the "empty"
+    completion: completion attempted on an empty command line.
+
+g.  New complete/compgen/compopt -D option to define a `default' completion:
+    a completion to be invoked on command for which no completion has been
+    defined.  If this function returns 124, programmable completion is
+    attempted again, allowing a user to dynamically build a set of completions
+    as completion is attempted by having the default completion function
+    install individual completion functions each time it is invoked.
+
+h.  When displaying associative arrays, subscripts are now quoted.
+
+i.  Changes to dabbrev-expand to make it more `emacs-like': no space appended
+    after matches, completions are not sorted, and most recent history entries
+    are presented first.
+
+j.  The [[ and (( commands are now subject to the setting of `set -e' and the
+    ERR trap.
+
+k.  The source/. builtin now removes NUL bytes from the file before attempting
+    to parse commands.
+
+l.  There is a new configuration option (in config-top.h) that forces bash to
+    forward all history entries to syslog.
+
+m.  A new variable $BASHOPTS to export shell options settable using `shopt' to
+    child processes.
+
+n.  There is a new configure option that forces the extglob option to be
+    enabled by default.
+
+o.  New variable $BASH_XTRACEFD; when set to an integer bash will write xtrace
+    output to that file descriptor.
+
+p.  If the optional left-hand-side of a redirection is of the form {var}, the
+    shell assigns the file descriptor used to $var or uses $var as the file
+    descriptor to move or close, depending on the redirection operator.
+
+q.  The < and > operators to the [[ conditional command now do string
+    comparison according to the current locale.
+
+r.  Programmable completion now uses the completion for `b' instead of `a'
+    when completion is attempted on a line like: a $(b c.
+
+s.  Force extglob on temporarily when parsing the pattern argument to
+    the == and != operators to the [[ command, for compatibility.
+
+t.  Changed the behavior of interrupting the wait builtin when a SIGCHLD is
+    received and a trap on SIGCHLD is set to be Posix-mode only.
+
+u.  The read builtin has a new `-N nchars' option, which reads exactly NCHARS
+    characters, ignoring delimiters like newline.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  New bindable function: menu-complete-backward.
+
+b.  In the vi insertion keymap, C-n is now bound to menu-complete by default,
+    and C-p to menu-complete-backward.
+
+c.  When in vi command mode, repeatedly hitting ESC now does nothing, even
+    when ESC introduces a bound key sequence.  This is closer to how
+    historical vi behaves.
+
+d.  New bindable function: skip-csi-sequence.  Can be used as a default to
+    consume key sequences generated by keys like Home and End without having
+    to bind all keys.
+
+e.  New application-settable function: rl_filename_rewrite_hook.  Can be used
+    to rewrite or modify filenames read from the file system before they are
+    compared to the word to be completed.
+
+f.  New bindable variable: skip-completed-text, active when completing in the
+    middle of a word.  If enabled, it means that characters in the completion
+    that match characters in the remainder of the word are "skipped" rather
+    than inserted into the line.
+
+g.  The pre-readline-6.0 version of menu completion is available as
+    "old-menu-complete" for users who do not like the readline-6.0 version.
+
+h.  New bindable variable: echo-control-characters.  If enabled, and the
+    tty ECHOCTL bit is set, controls the echoing of characters corresponding
+    to keyboard-generated signals.
+
+i.  New bindable variable: enable-meta-key.  Controls whether or not readline
+    sends the smm/rmm sequences if the terminal indicates it has a meta key
+    that enables eight-bit characters.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-release,
+and the previous version, bash-4.0-rc1.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Changed the message printed when setlocale(3) fails to only include the
+    strerror error text if the call changes errno.
+
+b.  Changed trap command execution to reset the line number before running a
+    trap (except DEBUG and RETURN traps).
+
+c.  Fixed behavior of case-modifiying word expansions to not work on
+    individual words within a variable's value.
+
+d.  Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to not be interruptible when run in an
+    interactive shell.
+
+e.  Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to not run callbacks for the first line
+    read.
+
+f.  Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to not honor EOF typed in an interactive
+    shell.
+
+g.  Fixed the coprocess reaping code to not run straight from a signal handler.
+
+h.  Fixed a bug that caused printf -b to ignore the first % conversion specifier
+    in the format string on 64-bit systems.
+
+i.  Fixed a bug that caused incorrect word splitting when `:', `=', or `~'
+    appeared in $IFS.
+
+j.  Fixed a bug that caused data corruption in the programmable completion code
+    when a shell function called from a completion aborted execution.
+
+k.  Fixed a bug that caused the CPU usage reported by the `time' builtin to be
+    capped at 100%.
+
+l.  Changed behavior of shell when -e option is in effect to reflect consensus
+    of Posix shell standardization working group.
+
+m.  Fixed a bug introduced in bash-4.0-alpha that caused redirections to not
+    be displayed by `type' or `declare' when appearing in functions under
+    certain circumstances.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Fixed a bug that caused !(...) extended glob patterns to inhibit later
+    history expansion.
+
+b.  Reworked the signal handling to avoid calling disallowed functions from a
+    signal handler.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  `readarray' is now a synonym for `mapfile'.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-rc1,
+and the previous version, bash-4.0-beta2.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed a bug that caused parsing errors when a $()-style command
+    substitution was followed immediately by a quoted newline.
+
+b.  Fixed a bug that caused extended shell globbing patterns beginning with
+    `*(' to not work when used with pattern substitution word expansions.
+ 
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-beta2,
+and the previous version, bash-4.0-beta.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed a bug that caused failed word expansions to set $? but not
+    PIPESTATUS.
+
+b.  Changed filename completion to quote the tilde in a filename with a
+    leading tilde that exists in the current directory.
+
+c.  Fixed a bug that caused a file descriptor leak when performing
+    redirections attached to a compound command.
+
+d.  Fixed a bug that caused expansions of $@ and $* to not exit the shell if
+    the -u option was enabled and there were no posititional parameters.
+
+e.  Fixed a bug that resulted in bash not terminating immediately if a
+    terminating signal was received while performing output.
+
+f.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash after creating 256 process
+    substitutions during word completion.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Fixed a bug that caused redisplay errors when using prompts with invisible
+    characters and numeric arguments to a command in a multibyte locale.
+
+b.  Fixed a bug that caused redisplay errors when using prompts with invisible
+    characters spanning more than two physical screen lines.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-beta,
+and the previous version, bash-4.0-alpha.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed a typo that caused a variable to be used before initialization
+    while parsing Posix-style command substitutions.
+
+b.  Fixed a bug that caused stray ^? when the expansion of a parameter used
+    as part of a pattern removal expansion is empty, but part of a non-
+    empty string.
+
+c.  Fixed a bug that could cause strings not converted to numbers by strtol
+    to be treated as if the conversion had been successful.
+
+d.  The `return' builtin now accepts no options and requires a `--' before
+    a negative return value, as Posix requires.
+
+e.  Fixed a bug that caused local variables to be created with the empty
+    string for a value rather than no value.
+
+f.  Changed behavior so the shell now acts as if it received an interrupt
+    when a pipeline is killed by SIGINT while executing a list.
+
+g.  Fixed a bug that caused `declare var' and `typeset var' to initialize
+    `var' to the empty string.
+
+h.  Changed `bind' builtin to print a warning but proceed if invoked when
+    line editing is not active.
+
+i.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to exit when the `errexit' option is
+    set and a command in a pipeline returns a non-zero exit status.
+
+j.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not run the exit trap in a command
+    run with `bash -c' under some circumstances.
+
+k.  Fixed a bug that caused parser errors to occasionally not set $? when
+    running commands with `eval'.
+
+l.  Fixed a bug that caused stray control characters when evaluating compound
+    array assignments containing $'\x7f' escapes.
+
+m.  Fixed a bug that caused redirections involving file descriptor 10 as the
+    target to behave incorrectly.
+
+n.  Fixed a bug that could cause memory to be freed multiple times when
+    assigning to COMP_WORDBREAKS.
+
+o.  Fixed a bug that could cause NULL pointer dereferences when COMP_WORDBREAKS
+    was unset.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  A value of 0 for the -t option to `read' now returns success if there is
+    input available to be read from the specified file descriptor.
+
+b.  CDPATH and GLOBIGNORE are ignored when the shell is running in privileged
+    mode.
+
+c.  New bindable readline functions shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word,
+    which move forward and backward words delimited by shell metacharacters
+    and honor shell quoting.
+
+d.  New bindable readline functions shell-backward-kill-word and shell-kill-word
+    which kill words backward and forward, but use the same word boundaries
+    as shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  If the kernel supports it, readline displays special characters
+    corresponding to a keyboard-generated signal when the signal is received.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-alpha,
+and the previous version, bash-3.2-release.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed several bugs in old-style `` command substitution parsing, including
+    comment parsing and quoted string handling.
+
+b.  Fixed problems parsing arguments to the [[ command's =~ regular expression
+    matching operator:  metacharacter and whitespace parsing.
+
+c.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to inappropriately reuse high-numbered
+    file descriptors it used internally.
+
+d.  Fixed a bug in pattern replacement word expansions that caused a `/' as
+    the first character of an expanded pattern to be mistaken for a global
+    replacement specifier.
+
+e.  Fixed several problems with the asprintf and snprintf replacement functions
+    that caused hangs and crashes.
+
+f.  Fixed a bug in the calculation of the current and previous job that caused
+    it to refer to incorrect jobs.
+
+g.  Fixed a bug in the check for the validity of a hashed command pathname that
+    caused unnecessary hash table deletions and additions.
+
+h.  Fixed a bug that caused child processes to inherit the wrong value for $!.
+
+i.  Fixed a bug that caused `.' to fail to read and execute commands from non-
+    regular files such as devices or named pipes.
+
+j.  Fixed a bug in printf formatting for the %x and %X expansions that occurred
+    on some systems.
+
+k.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when creating temporary files if
+    $TMPDIR named a non-writable directory.
+
+l.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to ignore $TMPDIR when creating temporary
+    files under some circumstances.
+
+m.  Fixed a bug that caused named pipes created by process substitution to not
+    be cleaned up.
+
+n.  Fixed a bug that caused HISTTIMEFORMAT to not be honored when it appeared
+    in the initial shell environment.
+
+o.  Fixed several bugs in the expansion of $* and $@ (quoted and unquoted)
+    when IFS is null or contains non-whitespace characters; the same changes
+    apply to arrays subscripted with * or @.
+
+p.  Fixed several problems with pattern substitution expansions on the
+    positional parameters and arrays subscripted with * or @ that occurred
+    when $IFS was set to the empty string.
+
+q.  Made a change to the default locale initialization code that should
+    result in better behavior from the locale-aware library functions.
+
+r.  Fixed a bug that caused compacting the jobs list to drop jobs.
+
+s.  Fixed a bug that caused jumps back to the top-level processing loop from
+    a builtin command to leave the shell in an inconsistent state.
+
+t.  Fixed a bug that caused characters that would be escaped internally to be
+    doubled when escaped with a backslash.
+
+u.  Fixed the initialization of mailboxes to not cause maildirs to be read
+    (and stat(2) called for every message file) at shell startup.
+
+v.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not display $PS2 when the read builtin
+    reads a line continued with a backslash.
+
+w.  Fixed a bug that caused errors in word splitting when $IFS contained
+    characters used for internal quoting.
+
+x.  Fixed bugs that caused problems with output from shell builtins not being
+    completely displayed on some systems.
+
+y.  Fixed a bug that caused output to be lost when a redirection is acting on
+    the shell's output file descriptor.
+
+z.  Fixed bugs caused by shell builtins not checking for all write errors.
+
+aa. Fixed a problem that caused the shell to dump core if expansions on the
+    pattern passed to the pattern removal word expansions resulted in expansion
+    errors.
+
+bb. Fixed a bug that caused bash to loop infinitely after creating and
+    waiting for 4096 jobs.
+
+cc. Fixed a bug that caused bash to lose the status of a background job under
+    certain circumstances.
+
+dd. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not look in the temporary environment
+    when performing variable lookup under certain circumstances.
+
+ee. Fixed a bug that caused bash to close file descriptors greater than 10
+    when they were used in redirections.
+
+ff. Fixed a problem that caused the shell to attempt to read from the standard
+    input when called as `bash -i script'.
+
+gg. Fixed a memory leak and variable initialization problems when the -v option
+    was supplied to `printf' that could cause incorrect results.
+
+hh. Fixed a bug that caused the `read' builtin to count bytes when the -n option
+    was supplied, rather than (possibly multibyte) characters.
+
+ii. Fixed a bug when displaying a function due to not converting the function
+    to an external form.
+
+jj. Changed job control initialization to ensure that the shell has a tty
+    as its controlling terminal before enabling job control.
+
+kk. Fixed a bug with the `test' builtin that caused it to misinterpret
+    arguments beginning with `-' but containing more than one character.
+
+ll. Fixed bug that could cause the shell to dump core in certain cases where
+    a command sets the SIGINT disposition to the default.
+
+mm. Fixed a bug in the pattern replacement (affecting both word expansion
+    and the `fc' builtin) that occurred when the pattern and replacement
+    strings were empty.
+
+nn. Fixed a bug that caused an arithmetic evaluation error to disable all
+    further evaluation.
+
+oo. Fixed a bug in pathname expansion that caused it to interpret backslashes
+    in the pathname as quoting characters.
+
+pp. Fixed a bug in the replacement getcwd() implementation that could cause
+    memory to be overwritten.
+
+qq. When in Posix mode, the `ulimit' builtin now uses a block size of 512 for
+    the `-c' and `-f' options.
+
+rr. Brace expansion now allows process substitutions to pass through unchanged.
+
+ss. Fixed a problem in the command name completion code to avoid quoting
+    escaped special characters twice when the command name begins with a tilde.
+
+tt. Fixed a problem in the printf builtin that resulted in single-byte
+    output for the "'" escape, even when using multibyte characters.
+
+uu. Fixed a bug that caused the failure exit status to be lost when redirections
+    attached to a compound command failed.
+
+vv. Fixed a bug that caused the internal random number generator to not be
+    re-seeded correctly when creating a subshell.
+
+ww. Fixed a bug that could cause the bash replacement getcwd to overwrite
+    memory.
+
+xx. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not receive SIGINT if it was sent
+    while the shell was waiting for a command substitution to terminate, and
+    make sure the exit status is correct when it does.
+
+yy. Fixed a bug that resulted in the second and subsequent children spawned
+    by a shell begun to run a command substitution being placed into the
+    wrong process group.
+
+zz. Fixed a bug that caused the results of successful tilde expansion to be
+    subject to pathname expansion and word splitting.
+
+aaa. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to hang if it encountered an
+     error that caused it to jump back to the top processing loop during a
+     command substitution or `eval' command.
+
+bbb. Fixed a bug that caused the `read' builtin to use the tty's attributes
+     instead of those of the file descriptor passed with the -u option when
+     processing the -n and -d options.
+
+ccc. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect expansion of ${array[@]:foo} if the
+     first character of $IFS was not whitespace.
+
+ddd. Fixed a bug that occurred when scanning for the ending delimiter of a
+     ${parameter/pat/sub} expansion.
+
+eee. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to inappropriately expand command
+     substitutions in words when expanding directory names for completion.
+
+fff. Fixed a bug that caused the `fc' builtin to look too far back in the
+     history list under certain circumstances.
+
+ggg. Fixed a bug that caused a shell running in Posix mode to search $PWD for
+     a file specified as an argument to source/. when the file was not found
+     in $PATH.
+
+hhh. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to modify the case of a command word
+     found via command completion when the shell was performing case-
+     insensitive completion.
+
+iii. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to search $PATH for an argument to
+     source/. even when it contained a `/'.
+
+jjj. Fixed a bug that caused brace expansion to misorder expansions when the
+     locale did not have a collating order like aAbBcC...zZ.
+
+kkk. Fixed a bug that did not allow `set +o history' to have any effect when
+     run in a startup file or from a sourced file.
+
+lll. Fixed a bug with the precedence of the ?: conditional arithmetic operator.
+
+mmm. Fixed a bug that caused side effects of temporary variable assignments
+     to persist in the shell environment.
+
+nnn. Fixed a bug that caused the terminal to be left in non-canonical mode
+     when using editing commands that invoke the an editor on the current
+     command line.
+
+ooo. Fixed a bug that caused globbing characters and characters in $IFS to not
+     be quoted appropriately when displaying assignment statements.
+
+ppp. Fixed a bug that caused the `-e' option to be inherited when sourcing a
+     file or evaluating a command with `eval' even if the return value of the
+     command was supposed to be ignored.
+
+qqq. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to attempt to created variables with
+     invalid names if such names appeared in the initial environment.
+
+rrr. Fixed a bug with quote removal in strings where the final character is a
+     backslash.
+
+sss. Fixed a bug that caused the effects of special variables to persist even
+     when the variables were unset as part of the shell reinitializing itself
+     to execute a shell script.
+
+ttt. Fixed a bug that caused the history to not be saved after `history -c' or
+     `history -d' was executed until a sufficient number of commands had been
+     saved to the history.
+
+uuu. Bash now parses command substitutions according to Posix rules: parsing
+     the command contained in $() to find the closing delimiter.
+
+vvv. Fixed a bug that caused traps on SIGCHLD set in a SIGCHLD handler to
+     not persist.
+
+www. Fixed a bug that didn't allow SIGCHLD to interrupt the `wait' builtin
+     as Posix specifies.
+
+xxx. Invalid numeric arguments to shell builtins no longer cause the shell to
+     short-circuit any executing compound command.
+
+yyy. Fixed a bug that caused the exit status to be lost when `break' was
+     used to short-circuit a loop's execution.
+
+zzz. Fixed a bug that caused stray ^? characters to be left in expansions of
+     "${array[*]}".
+
+aaaa. Bash now prints better error messages for here documents terminated by
+      EOF and for identifying the incorrect token in an invalid arithmetic
+      expression.
+
+bbbb. Fixed a bug in the variable length word expansion that caused it to
+      incorrectly calculate the number of multibyte characters.
+
+cccc. Fixed a race condition that could result in the top-level shell setting
+      the terminal's process group to an incorrect value if the process
+      group was changed by a child of a child of the shell.
+
+dddd. Fixed a bug that caused here documents belonging to commands within a
+      compound command to be displayed in a syntactially-incorrect form, which
+      prevented them from being re-read as input.
+
+eeee. The shell displays more warnings about failures to set the locale.
+
+ffff. Fixed a bug that caused the body of a here-document to not be saved to
+      the history list.
+
+gggg. Fixed a bug that caused configure to incorrectly conclude that FreeBSD
+      had /dev/fd available, resulting in problems with process substitution.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Fixed a number of redisplay errors in environments supporting multibyte 
+    characters.
+
+b.  Fixed bugs in vi command mode that caused motion commands to inappropriately
+    set the mark.
+
+c.  When using the arrow keys in vi insertion mode, readline allows movement
+    beyond the current end of the line (unlike command mode).
+
+d.  Fixed bugs that caused readline to loop when the terminal has been taken
+    away and reads return -1/EIO.
+
+e.  Fixed bugs in redisplay occurring when displaying prompts containing
+    invisible characters.
+
+f.  Fixed a bug that caused the completion append character to not be reset to
+    the default after an application-specified completion function changed it.
+
+g.  Fixed a problem that caused incorrect positioning of the cursor while in
+    emacs editing mode when moving forward at the end of a line while using
+    a locale supporting multibyte characters.
+
+h.  Fixed an off-by-one error that caused readline to drop every 511th
+    character of buffered input.
+
+i.  Fixed a bug that resulted in SIGTERM not being caught or cleaned up.
+
+j.  Fixed redisplay bugs caused by multiline prompts with invisible characters
+    or no characters following the final newline.
+
+k.  Fixed redisplay bug caused by prompts consisting solely of invisible
+    characters.
+
+l.  Fixed a bug in the code that buffers characters received very quickly in
+    succession which caused characters to be dropped.
+
+m.  Fixed a bug that caused readline to reference uninitialized data structures
+    if it received a SIGWINCH before completing initialization.
+
+n.  Fixed a bug that caused the vi-mode `last command' to be set incorrectly
+    and therefore unrepeatable.
+
+o.  Fixed a bug that caused readline to disable echoing when it was being used
+    with an output file descriptor that was not a terminal.
+
+p.  Readline now blocks SIGINT while manipulating internal data structures
+    during redisplay.
+
+q.  Fixed a bug in redisplay that caused readline to segfault when pasting a
+    very long line (over 130,000 characters).
+
+r.  Fixed bugs in redisplay when using prompts with no visible printing
+    characters.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  When using substring expansion on the positional parameters, a starting
+    index of 0 now causes $0 to be prefixed to the list.
+
+b.  The `help' builtin now prints its columns with entries sorted vertically
+    rather than horizontally.
+
+c.  There is a new variable, $BASHPID, which always returns the process id of
+    the current shell.
+
+d.  There is a new `autocd' option that, when enabled, causes bash to attempt
+    to `cd' to a directory name that is supplied as the first word of a
+    simple command.
+
+e.  There is a new `checkjobs' option that causes the shell to check for and
+    report any running or stopped jobs at exit.
+
+f.  The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_TYPE variable, set to
+    a character describing the type of completion being attempted.
+
+g.  The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_KEY variable, set to
+    the character that caused the completion to be invoked (e.g., TAB).
+
+h.  If creation of a child process fails due to insufficient resources, bash
+    will try again several times before reporting failure.
+
+i.  The programmable completion code now uses the same set of characters as
+    readline when breaking the command line into a list of words.
+
+j.  The block multiplier for the ulimit -c and -f options is now 512 when in
+    Posix mode, as Posix specifies.
+
+k.  Changed the behavior of the read builtin to save any partial input received
+    in the specified variable when the read builtin times out.  This also
+    results in variables specified as arguments to read to be set to the empty
+    string when there is no input available.  When the read builtin times out,
+    it returns an exit status greater than 128.
+
+l.  The shell now has the notion of a `compatibility level', controlled by
+    new variables settable by `shopt'.  Setting this variable currently
+    restores the bash-3.1 behavior when processing quoted strings on the rhs
+    of the `=~' operator to the `[[' command.
+
+m.  The `ulimit' builtin now has new -b (socket buffer size) and -T (number
+    of threads) options.
+
+n.  The -p option to `declare' now displays all variable values and attributes
+    (or function values and attributes if used with -f).
+
+o.  There is a new `compopt' builtin that allows completion functions to modify
+    completion options for existing completions or the completion currently
+    being executed.
+
+p.  The `read' builtin has a new -i option which inserts text into the reply
+    buffer when using readline.
+
+q.  A new `-E' option to the complete builtin allows control of the default
+    behavior for completion on an empty line.
+
+r.  There is now limited support for completing command name words containing
+    globbing characters.
+
+s.  Changed format of internal help documentation for all builtins to roughly
+    follow man page format.
+
+t.  The `help' builtin now has a new -d option, to display a short description,
+    and a -m option, to print help information in a man page-like format.
+
+u.  There is a new `mapfile' builtin to populate an array with lines from a
+    given file.
+
+v.  If a command is not found, the shell attempts to execute a shell function
+    named `command_not_found_handle', supplying the command words as the
+    function arguments.
+
+w.  There is a new shell option: `globstar'.  When enabled, the globbing code
+    treats `**' specially -- it matches all directories (and files within
+    them, when appropriate) recursively.
+
+x.  There is a new shell option: `dirspell'.  When enabled, the filename
+    completion code performs spelling correction on directory names during
+    completion.
+
+y.  The `-t' option to the `read' builtin now supports fractional timeout
+    values.
+
+z.  Brace expansion now allows zero-padding of expanded numeric values and
+    will add the proper number of zeroes to make sure all values contain the
+    same number of digits.
+
+aa. There is a new bash-specific bindable readline function: `dabbrev-expand'.
+    It uses menu completion on a set of words taken from the history list.
+
+bb. The command assigned to a key sequence with `bind -x' now sets two new
+    variables in the environment of the executed command:  READLINE_LINE_BUFFER
+    and READLINE_POINT.  The command can change the current readline line
+    and cursor position by modifying READLINE_LINE_BUFFER and READLINE_POINT,
+    respectively.
+
+cc. There is a new &>> redirection operator, which appends the standard output
+    and standard error to the named file.
+
+dd. The parser now understands `|&' as a synonym for `2>&1 |', which redirects
+    the standard error for a command through a pipe.
+
+ee. The new `;&' case statement action list terminator causes execution to
+    continue with the action associated with the next pattern in the
+    statement rather than terminating the command.
+
+ff. The new `;;&' case statement action list terminator causes the shell to
+    test the next set of patterns after completing execution of the current
+    action, rather than terminating the command.
+
+gg. The shell understands a new variable: PROMPT_DIRTRIM.  When set to an
+    integer value greater than zero, prompt expansion of \w and \W  will
+    retain only that number of trailing pathname components and replace
+    the intervening characters with `...'.
+
+hh. There are new case-modifying word expansions: uppercase (^[^]) and
+    lowercase (,[,]).  They can work on either the first character or
+    array element, or globally.  They accept an optional shell pattern
+    that determines which characters to modify.  There is an optionally-
+    configured feature to include capitalization operators.
+
+ii. The shell provides associative array variables, with the appropriate
+    support to create, delete, assign values to, and expand them.
+
+jj. The `declare' builtin now has new -l (convert value to lowercase upon
+    assignment) and -u (convert value to uppercase upon assignment) options.
+    There is an optionally-configurable -c option to capitalize a value at
+    assignment.
+
+kk. There is a new `coproc' reserved word that specifies a coprocess: an
+    asynchronous command run with two pipes connected to the creating shell.
+    Coprocs can be named.  The input and output file descriptors and the
+    PID of the coprocess are available to the calling shell in variables
+    with coproc-specific names.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  A new variable, rl_sort_completion_matches; allows applications to inhibit
+    match list sorting (but beware: some things don't work right if
+    applications do this).
+
+b.  A new variable, rl_completion_invoking_key; allows applications to discover
+    the key that invoked rl_complete or rl_menu_complete.
+
+c.  The functions rl_block_sigint and rl_release_sigint are now public and
+    available to calling applications who want to protect critical sections
+    (like redisplay).
+
+d.  The functions rl_save_state and rl_restore_state are now public and
+    available to calling applications; documented rest of readline's state
+    flag values.
+
+e.  A new user-settable variable, `history-size', allows setting the maximum
+    number of entries in the history list.
+
+f.  There is a new implementation of menu completion, with several improvements
+    over the old; the most notable improvement is a better `completions
+    browsing' mode.
+
+g.  The menu completion code now uses the rl_menu_completion_entry_function
+    variable, allowing applications to provide their own menu completion
+    generators.
+
+h.  There is support for replacing a prefix  of a pathname with a `...' when
+    displaying possible completions.  This is controllable by setting the
+    `completion-prefix-display-length' variable.  Matches with a common prefix
+    longer than this value have the common prefix replaced with `...'.
+
+i.  There is a new `revert-all-at-newline' variable.  If enabled, readline will
+    undo all outstanding changes to all history lines when `accept-line' is
+    executed.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.2-release,
+and the previous version, bash-3.2-beta.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed a bug that caused the temporary environment passed to a command to
+    affect the shell's environment under certain circumstances.
+
+b.  Fixed a bug in the printf builtin that caused the %q format specifier to
+    ignore empty string arguments.
+
+c.  Improved multibyte character environment detection at configuration time.
+
+d.  Fixed a bug in the read builtin that left spurious escape characters in the
+    input after processing backslashes when assigning to an array variable.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Fixed a redisplay bug that occurred in multibyte-capable locales when the
+    prompt was one character longer than the screen width.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.2-beta,
+and the previous version, bash-3.2-alpha.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Changed the lexical analyzer to treat locale-specific blank characters as
+    white space.
+
+b.  Fixed a bug in command printing to avoid confusion between redirections and
+    process substitution.
+
+c.  Fixed problems with cross-compiling originating from inherited environment
+    variables.
+
+d.  Added write error reporting to printf builtin.
+
+e.  Fixed a bug in the variable expansion code that could cause a core dump in
+    a multi-byte locale.
+
+f.  Fixed a bug that caused substring expansion of a null string to return
+    incorrect results.
+
+g.  BASH_COMMAND now retains its previous value while executing commands as the
+    result of a trap, as the documentation states.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Fixed a bug with prompt redisplay in a multi-byte locale to avoid redrawing
+    the prompt and input line multiple times.
+
+b.  Fixed history expansion to not be confused by here-string redirection.
+
+c.  Readline no longer treats read errors by converting them to newlines, as
+    it does with EOF.  This caused partial lines to be returned from readline().
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.2-alpha,
+and the previous version, bash-3.1-release.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed a source bug that caused the minimal configuration to not compile.
+
+b.  Fixed memory leaks in error handling for the `read' builtin.
+
+c.  Changed the [[ and (( compound commands to set PIPESTATUS with their exit
+    status.
+
+d.  Fixed some parsing problems with compound array assignments.
+
+e.  Added additional configuration changes for: NetBSD (incomplete multibyte
+    character support)
+
+f.  Fixed two bugs with local array variable creation when shadowing a variable
+    of the same name from a previous context.
+
+g.  Fixed the `read' builtin to restore the correct set of completion functions
+    if a timeout occurs.
+
+h.  Added code to defer the initialization of HISTSIZE (and its stifling of the
+    history list) until the history file is loaded, allowing a startup file to
+    override the default value.
+
+i.  Tightened up the arithmetic expression parsing to produce better error
+    messages when presented with invalid operators.
+
+j.  Fixed the cross-compilation support to build the signal list at shell
+    invocation rather than compile time if cross-compiling.
+
+k.  Fixed multibyte support for non-gcc compilers (or compilers that do not
+    allow automatic array variable sizing based on a non-constant value).
+
+l.  Several fixes to the code that manages the list of terminated jobs and
+    their exit statuses, and the list of active and recently-terminated jobs
+    to avoid pid aliasing/wraparound and allocation errors.
+
+m.  Fixed a problem that allowed scripts to die due to SIGINT while waiting
+    for children, even when started in the background or otherwise ignoring
+    SIGINT.
+
+n.  Fixed a bug that caused shells invoked as -/bin/bash from not being
+    recognized as login shells.
+
+o.  Fixed a problem that caused shells in the background to give the terminal
+    to a process group other than the foreground shell process group.
+
+p.  Fixed a problem with extracting the `varname' in ${#varname}.
+
+q.  Fixed the code that handles SIGQUIT to not exit immediately -- thereby
+    calling functions that may not be called in a signal handler context --
+    but set a flag and exit afterward (like SIGINT).
+
+r.  Changed the brace expansion code to skip over braces that don't begin a
+    valid matched brace expansion construct.
+
+s.  Fixed `typeset' and `declare' to not require that their shell function
+    operands to be valid shell identifiers.
+
+t.  Changed `test' to use access(2) with a temporary uid/euid swap when testing
+    file attributes and running setuid, and access(2) in most other cases.
+
+u.  Changed completion code to not attempt command name completion on a line
+    consisting solely of whitespace when no_empty_command_completion is set.
+
+v.  The `hash' builtin now prints nothing in posix mode when the hash table is
+    empty, and prints a message to that effect to stdout instead of stderr
+    when not in posix mode.
+
+w.  Fixed a bug in the extended pattern matching code that caused it to fail to
+    match periods with certain patterns.
+
+x.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when performing filename
+    generation in directories with thousands of files.
+
+y.  Returned to the original Bourne shell rules for parsing ``:  no recursive
+    parsing of embedded quoted strings or ${...} constructs.
+
+z.  The inheritance of the DEBUG, RETURN, and ERR traps is now dependent only
+    on the settings of the `functrace' and `errtrace' shell options, rather
+    than whether or not the shell is in debugging mode.
+
+aa. Fixed a problem with $HOME being converted to ~ in the expansion of
+    members of the DIRSTACK array.
+
+bb. Fixed a problem with quoted arguments to arithmetic expansions in certain
+    constructs.
+
+cc. The command word completion code now no longer returns matching directories
+    while searching $PATH.
+
+dd. Fixed a bug with zero-padding and precision handling in snprintf()
+    replacement.
+
+ee. Fixed a bug that caused the command substitution code not to take embedded
+    shell comments into account.
+
+ff. Fixed a bug that caused $((...);(...)) to be misinterpreted as an
+    arithmetic substitution.
+
+gg. Fixed a bug in the prompt expansion code that inappropriately added a
+    \001 before a \002 under certain circumstances.
+
+hh. Fixed a bug that caused `unset LANG' to not properly reset the locale
+    (previous versions would set the locale back to what it was when bash
+    was started rather than the system's "native" locale).
+
+ii. Fixed a bug that could cause file descriptors > 10 to not be closed even
+    when closed explicitly by a script.
+
+jj. Fixed a bug that caused single quotes to be stripped from ANSI-C quoting
+    inside double-quoted command substitutions.
+
+kk. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps when `return' was executed as the
+    last element of a pipeline inside a shell function.
+
+ll. Fixed a bug that caused DEBUG trap strings to overwrite commands stored in
+    the jobs list.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Fixed a problem that caused segmentation faults when using readline in
+    callback mode and typing consecutive DEL characters on an empty line.
+
+b.  Fixed several redisplay problems with multibyte characters, all having to
+    do with the different code paths and variable meanings between single-byte
+    and multibyte character redisplay.
+
+c.  Fixed a problem with key sequence translation when presented with the
+    sequence \M-\C-x.
+
+d.  Fixed a problem that prevented the `a' command in vi mode from being
+    undone and redone properly.
+
+e.  Fixed a problem that prevented empty inserts in vi mode from being undone
+    properly.
+
+f.  Fixed a problem that caused readline to initialize with an incorrect idea
+    of whether or not the terminal can autowrap.
+
+g.  Fixed output of key bindings (like bash `bind -p') to honor the setting of
+    convert-meta and use \e where appropriate.
+
+h.  Changed the default filename completion function to call the filename
+    dequoting function if the directory completion hook isn't set.  This means
+    that any directory completion hooks need to dequote the directory name,
+    since application-specific hooks need to know how the word was quoted,
+    even if no other changes are made.
+
+i.  Fixed a bug with creating the prompt for a non-interactive search string
+    when there are non-printing characters in the primary prompt.
+
+j.  Fixed a bug that caused prompts with invisible characters to be redrawn
+    multiple times in a multibyte locale.
+
+k.  Fixed a bug that could cause the key sequence scanning code to return the
+    wrong function.
+
+l.  Fixed a problem with the callback interface that caused it to fail when
+    using multi-character keyboard macros.
+
+m.  Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when an edited history entry was
+    re-executed under certain conditions.
+
+n.  Fixed a bug that caused readline to reference freed memory when attmpting
+    to display a portion of the prompt.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  Changed the parameter pattern replacement functions to not anchor the
+    pattern at the beginning of the string if doing global replacement - that
+    combination doesn't make any sense.
+
+b.  When running in `word expansion only' mode (--wordexp option), inhibit
+    process substitution.
+
+c.  Loadable builtins now work on MacOS X 10.[34].
+
+d.  Shells running in posix mode no longer set $HOME, as POSIX requires.
+
+e.  The code that checks for binary files being executed as shell scripts now
+    checks only for NUL rather than any non-printing character.
+
+f.  Quoting the string argument to the [[ command's  =~ operator now forces
+    string matching, as with the other pattern-matching operators.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  Calling applications can now set the keyboard timeout to 0, allowing
+    poll-like behavior.
+
+b.  The value of SYS_INPUTRC (configurable at compilation time) is now used as
+    the default last-ditch startup file.
+
+c.  The history file reading functions now allow windows-like \r\n line
+    terminators.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-release,
+and the previous version, bash-3.1-rc2.
+
+1.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Several changes to the multibyte redisplay code to fix problems with
+    prompts containing invisible characters.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-rc2,
+and the previous version, bash-3.1-rc1.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed a bug that caused a DEBUG trap to overwrite a command string that's
+    eventually attached to a background job.
+
+b.  Changed some code so that filenames with leading tildes with spaces in the
+    name aren't tilde-expanded by the bash completion code.
+
+c.  Fixed a bug that caused the pushd builtin to fail to change to
+    directories with leading `-'.
+
+d.  Fixed a small memory leak in the programmable completion code.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Fixed a redisplay bug caused by moving the cursor vertically to a line
+    with invisible characters in the prompt in a multibyte locale.
+
+b.  Fixed a bug that could cause the terminal special chars to be bound in the
+    wrong keymap in vi mode.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  If compiled for strict POSIX conformance, LINES and COLUMNS may now
+    override the true terminal size.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  A new external application-controllable variable that allows the LINES
+    and COLUMNS environment variables to set the window size regardless of
+    what the kernel returns.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-rc1,
+and the previous version, bash-3.1-beta1.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps due to accessing the current
+    pipeline while in the middle of modifying it.
+
+b.  Fixed a bug that caused pathnames with backslashes still quoting characters
+    to be passed to opendir().
+
+c.  Command word completion now obeys the setting of completion-ignore-case.
+
+d.  Fixed a problem with redirection that caused file descriptors greater than
+    2 to be inappropriately marked as close-on-exec.
+
+e.  In Posix mode, after `wait' is called to wait for a particular process
+    explicitly, that process is removed from the list of processes known to
+    the shell, and subsequent attempts to wait for it return errors.
+
+f.  Fixed a bug that caused extended pattern matching to incorrectly scan
+    backslash-escaped pattern characters.
+
+g.  Fixed a synchronization problem that could cause core dumps when handling
+    a SIGWINCH.
+
+h.  Fixed a bug that caused an unmatched backquote to be accepted without an
+    error when processing here documents.
+
+i.  Fixed a small memory leak in the `cd' builtin.
+
+j.  Fix for MacOS X so it gets the values for the HOSTTYPE, MACHTYPE, and
+    OSTYPE variables at build time, to support universal binaries.
+
+k.  Fixed a bug that could cause an exit trap to return the exit status of
+    the trap command rather than the status as it was before the trap was
+    run as the shell's exit status.
+
+2.  New Features in Bash
+
+3.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Fixed a bug that caused reversing the incremental search direction to
+    not work correctly.
+
+b.  Fixed the vi-mode `U' command to only undo up to the first time insert mode
+    was entered, as Posix specifies.
+
+c.  Fixed a bug in the vi-mode `r' command that left the cursor in the wrong
+    place.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  New application-callable auxiliary function, rl_variable_value, returns
+    a string corresponding to a readline variable's value.
+
+b.  When parsing inputrc files and variable binding commands, the parser
+    strips trailing whitespace from values assigned to boolean variables
+    before checking them.
+
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-beta1,
+and the previous version, bash-3.1-alpha1.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Added some system-specific signal names.
+
+b.  Fixed a typo in the ulimit builtin to make `x' the right option to
+    manipulate the limit on file locks.
+
+c.  Fixed a problem with using += to append to index 0 of an array variable
+    when not using subscript syntax.
+
+d.  A few changes to configure.in to remove calls to obsolete or outdated
+    macros.
+
+e.  Make sure changes to variables bash handles specially (e.g., LC_ALL) are
+    made when the variable is set in the temporary environment to a command.
+
+f.  Make sure changes to variables bash handles specially (e.g., LC_ALL) are
+    made when the variable is modified using `printf -v'.
+
+g.  The export environment is now remade on cygwin when HOME is changed, so
+    DLLs bash is linked against pick up the new value.  This fixes problems
+    with tilde expansion when linking against and already-installed readline.
+
+h.  Small fix to the logic for performing tilde expansion in posix mode, so
+    expansion on the right-hand side of an assignment statement takes place.
+
+i.  Fixed a bug that prevented redirections associated with a shell function
+    from being executed when in a subshell.
+
+j.  Fixed `source' and `.' builtins to not require an executable file when
+    searching $PATH for a file to source.
+
+k.  Fixed a bug that caused incorrect word splitting in a function when IFS
+    was declared local, then unset.
+
+l.  Fixed a problem with the `kill' builtin that prevented sending signals
+    to a process group under certain circumstances when providing a pid < 0.
+
+m.  When in POSIX mode, `pwd' now checks that the value it prints is the same
+    directory as `.', even when displaying $PWD.
+
+n.  Fixed a problem with the `read' builtin when reading a script from standard
+    input and reading data from the same file.
+
+o.  Fixed a problem with the `type' and `command' builtins that caused absolute
+    pathnames to be displayed incorrectly.
+
+p.  Some changes to the `bg' builtin for POSIX conformance.
+
+q.  The `fc' builtin now removes the `fc' command that caused it to invoke an
+    editor on specified history entries from the history entirely, rather than
+    simply ignoring it.
+
+r.  When in POSIX mode, the `v' command in vi editing mode simply invokes vi
+    on the current command, rather than checking $FCEDIT and $EDITOR.
+
+s.  Fixed a small memory leak in the pathname canonicalization code.
+
+t.  Fixed a bug that caused the expanded value of a $'...' string to be
+    incorrectly re-quoted if it occurred within a double-quoted ${...}
+    parameter expansion.
+
+u.  Restored default emacs-mode key binding of M-TAB to dynamic-complete-history.
+
+v.  Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when interrupting loops running builtins
+    on some systems.
+
+w.  Make sure that some of the functions bash provides replacements for are
+    not cpp defines.
+
+x.  The code that scans embedded commands for the parser (`...` and $(...)) is
+    now more aware of embedded comments and their effect on quoted strings.
+
+y.  Changed the `-n' option to the `history' builtin to not reset the number of
+    history lines read in the current session after reading the new lines from
+    the history file if the history is being appended when it is written to
+    the file, since the appending takes care of the problem that the adjustment
+    was intended to solve.
+
+z.  Improved the error message displayed when a shell script fails to execute
+    because the environment and size of command line arguments are too large.
+
+aa. A small fix to make sure that $HISTCMD is evaluated whenever the shell is
+    saving commands to the history list, not just when HISTSIZE is defined.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  The `change-case' command now correctly changes the case of multibyte
+    characters.
+
+b.  Changes to the shared library construction scripts to deal with Windows
+    DLL naming conventions for Cygwin.
+
+c.  Fixed the redisplay code to avoid core dumps resulting from a poorly-timed
+    SIGWINCH.
+
+d.  Fixed the non-incremental search code in vi mode to dispose of any current
+    undo list when copying a line from the history into the current editing
+    buffer.
+
+e.  The variable assignment code now ignores whitespace at the end of lines
+    when assigning to boolean variables.
+
+f.  The `C-w' binding in incremental search now understands multibyte
+    characters.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  A new configuration option, `--enable-strict-posix-default', which will
+    build bash to be POSIX conforming by default.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  If the rl_completion_query_items is set to a value < 0, readline never
+    asks the user whether or not to view the possible completions.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-alpha1,
+and the previous version, bash-3.0-release.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed a bug that caused bash to crash if referencing an unset local array.
+
+b.  Fixed a problem that caused tilde expansion to not be performed before
+    attempting globbing word completion.
+
+c.  Fixed an incompatibility so that a first argument to trap that's a valid
+    signal number will be trated as a signal rather than a command to execute.
+
+d.  Fixed ${#word} expansion to correctly compute the length of a string
+    containing multibyte characters.
+
+e.  Fixed a bug that caused bash to not pass the correct flags for signal
+    disposition to child processes.
+
+f.  Fixed a bug that caused `fc -l' to list one too many history entries.
+
+g.  Some fixes to `fc' for POSIX conformance.
+
+h.  Some fixes to job status display for POSIX conformance.
+
+i.  Fixed a bug that caused `command -v' to display output if a command was not
+    found -- it should be silent.
+
+j.  In POSIX mode, `type' and `command -[vV]' do not report non-executable
+    files, even if the shell will attempt to execute them.
+
+k.  Fixed a bug that caused the `==' operator to the [[ command to not attempt
+    extended pattern matching.
+
+l.  Fixed the brace expansion code to handle characters whose value exceeds 128.
+
+m.  Fixed `printf' to handle strings with a leading `\0' whose length is
+    non-zero.
+
+n.  Fixed a couple of problems with brace expansion where `${' was handled
+    incorrectly.
+
+o.  Fixed off-by-one error when calculating the upper bound of `offset' when
+    processing the ${array[@]:offset:length} expansion.
+
+p.  System-specific configuration changes for: FreeBSD 5.x, Interix, MacOS X
+    10.4, Linux 2.4+ kernels, Linux 3.x kernels, Dragonfly BSD, QNX 6.x,
+    Cygwin
+
+q.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to ignore the status of the rightmost
+    command in a pipeline when the `pipefail' option was enabled.
+
+r.  Fixed a completion bug that caused core dumps when expanding a directory
+    name.
+
+s.  Fixed a bug that prevented `hash -d' from removing commands from the hash
+    table.
+
+t.  Fixed word splitting to avoid really bad quadratic performance when
+    expanding long lists.
+
+u.  Fixed a bug that caused negative offsets in substring expansion to use the
+    wrong values.
+
+v.  Fixed a bug in printf that caused it to not return failure on write errors.
+
+w.  Fixed a bug that caused commands in subshells to not be properly timed.
+
+x.  The shell parser no longer attempts to parse a compound assignment specially
+    unless in a position where an assignment statement is acceptable or parsing
+    arguments to a builtin that accepts assignment statements.
+
+y.  Fixed a problem that caused a `case' statement to be added to the history
+    incorrectly as a single command if the `case word' was on one line and the
+    `in' on another.
+
+z.  Fixed a problem that caused internal shell quoting characters to be
+    incorrectly quoted with backslashes under some circumstances.
+
+aa. The shell now performs correct word splitting when IFS contains multibyte
+    characters.
+
+bb. The mail checking code now resets the cached file information if the size
+    drops to 0, even if the times don't change.
+
+cc. A completed command name that is found in $PATH as well as the name of a
+    directory in the current directory no longer has a slash appended in certain
+    circumstances:  a single instance found in $PATH when `.' is not in $PATH,
+    and multiple instances found in $PATH, even when `.' is in $PATH.
+
+dd. Incorporated tilde expansion into the word expansion code rather than as a
+    separately-called function, fixing some cases where it was performed
+    inappropriately (e.g., after the second `=' in an assignment statement or
+    in a double-quoted parameter expansion).
+
+ee. Fixed several bugs encountered when parsing compound assignment statements,
+    so that compound assignments appearing as arguments to builtins are no
+    longer double-expanded.
+
+ff. Fixed a bug in the command execution code that caused asynchronous commands
+    containing command substitutions to not put the terminal in the wrong
+    process group.
+
+gg. Bash now handles the case where the WCONTINUED flag causes waitpid() to
+    return -1/EINVAL at runtime as well as configuration time.
+
+hh. Fixed parser to generate an error when the pipeline `argument' to `!' or
+    `time' is NULL.
+
+ii. The shell now takes a little more care when manipulating file descriptors
+    greater than 9 with the `exec' builtin.
+
+jj. Fixed a bug that caused variable assignments preceding the `command' builtin
+    preceding a special builtin to be preserved after the command completed in
+    POSIX mode.
+
+kk. Fixed a bug that allowed variables beginning with a digit to be created.
+
+ll. Fixed a bug that caused a \<newline> to be removed when parsing a $'...'
+    construct.
+
+mm. A shell whose name begins with `-' will now be a restricted shell if the
+    remainder of the name indicates it should be restricted.
+
+nn. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if FUNCNAME were changed or unset
+    during a function's execution.
+
+oo. Fixed a bug that caused executing a `return' in a function to not execute
+    a RETURN trap.  The RETURN trap is inherited by shell functions only if
+    function tracing is globally enabled or has been enabled for that function.
+
+pp. Fixed cases where var[@] was not handled exactly like var, when var is a
+    scalar variable.
+
+qq. Fixed a bug that caused the first character after a SIGINT to be discarded
+    under certain circumstances.
+
+rr. Fixed exit status code so that a suspended job returns 128+signal as its
+    exit status (preventing commands after it in `&&' lists from being
+    executed).
+
+ss. Fixed a bug that caused the shell parser state to be changed by executing
+    a shell function as a result of word completion.
+
+tt. Fixed a long-standing bug that caused '\177' characters in variable
+    values to be discarded when expanded in double-quoted strings.
+
+uu. Fixed a bug that caused $RANDOM to be re-seeded multiple times in a
+    subshell environment.
+
+vv. Extensive changes to the job management code to avoid the pid-reuse and
+    pid-aliasing problems caused by retaining the exit status of too many jobs,
+    but still retain as many background job statuses as POSIX requires.
+
+ww. Fixed a parser bug in processing \<newline> that caused things like
+
+		((echo 5) \
+		 (echo 6))
+
+    to not work correctly.
+
+xx. `pwd -P' now sets $PWD to a directory name containing no symbolic links
+    when in posix mode, as POSIX requires.
+
+yy. In posix mode, bash no longer sets $PWD to a name containing no symbolic
+    links if a directory is chosen from $CDPATH.
+
+zz. The word splitting code now treats an IFS character that is not space,
+    tab, or newline and any adjacent IFS white space as a single delimiter, as
+    SUSv3/XPG6 require.
+
+aaa. The `read' builtin now checks whether or not the number of fields read is
+     exactly the same as the number of variables instead of just assigning the
+     rest of the line (minus any trailing IFS white space) to the last
+     variable.  This is what POSIX/SUS/XPG all require.
+
+bbb. Fixed a bug that caused `read' to always check whether or not fd 0 was a
+     pipe, even when reading from another file descriptor.
+
+ccc. Fixed a bug that caused short-circuiting of execution even if the return
+     value was being inverted.
+
+ddd. Fixed a bug that caused a core dump while decoding \W escapes in PS1 if
+     PWD was unset.
+
+eee. Fixed a bug in `read' that counted internal quoting characters for the
+     purposes of `read -n'.
+
+fff. Fixed a bug so that a function definition in a pipeline causes a child
+     process to be forked at the right time.
+
+ggg. Bash will not attempt to link against a readline library that doesn't
+     have rl_gnu_readline_p == 1.
+
+hhh. Fixed a bug that caused `read' to consume one too many characters when
+     reading a fixed number of characters and the Nth character is a backslash.
+
+iii. Fixed a bug that caused `unset' on variables in the temporary environment
+     to leave them set when `unset' completed.
+
+jjj. Fixed a bug that caused bash to close fd 2 if an `exec' failed and the
+     shell didn't exit.
+
+kkk. The completion code is more careful to not turn `/' or `///' into `//',
+     for those systems on which `//' has special meaning.
+
+lll. Fixed a bug that caused command substitution in asynchronous commands to
+     close the wrong file descriptors.
+
+mmm. The shell no longer prints status messages about terminated background
+     processes unless job control is active.
+
+nnn. Fixed a bug that prevented multiple consecutive invocations of `history -s'
+     from adding all the commands to the history list.
+
+ooo. Added a couple of changes to make arithmetic expansion more consistent in
+     all its contexts (still not perfect).
+
+ppp. Fixed a bug that caused the parser to occasionally not find the right
+     terminating "`" in an old-style command substitution.
+
+qqq. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when the shell was reading its non-
+     interactive input from fd 0 and fd 0 was duplicated and restored using a
+     combination of `exec' (to save) and redirection (to restore).
+
+rrr. Fixed a problem that caused loops in sourced scripts to not be cleaned
+     up properly when a `return' is executed.
+
+sss. Change internal command substitution completion function to append a slash
+     to directory names in the command.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Fixed a bug that caused multiliine prompts to be wrapped and displayed
+    incorrectly.
+
+b.  Fixed a bug that caused ^P/^N in emacs mode to fail to display the current
+    line correctly.
+
+c.  Fixed a problem in computing the number of invisible characters on the first
+    line of a prompt whose length exceeds the screen width.
+
+d.  Fixed vi-mode searching so that failure preserves the current line rather
+    than the last line in the history list.
+
+e.  Fixed the vi-mode `~' command (change-case) to have the correct behavior at
+    end-of-line when manipulating multibyte characters.
+
+f.  Fixed the vi-mode `r' command (change-char) to have the correct behavior at
+    end-of-line when manipulating multibyte characters.
+
+g.  Fixed multiple bugs in the redisplay of multibyte characters:  displaying
+    prompts longer than the screen width containing multibyte characters, 
+
+h.  Fix the calculation of the number of physical characters in the prompt
+    string when it contains multibyte characters.
+
+i.  A non-zero value for the `rl_complete_suppress_append' variable now causes
+    no `/' to be appended to a directory name.
+
+j.  Fixed forward-word and backward-word to work when words contained
+    multibyte characters.
+
+k.  Fixed a bug in finding the delimiter of a `?' substring when performing
+    history expansion in a locale that supports multibyte characters.
+
+l.  Fixed a memory leak caused by not freeing the timestamp in a history entry.
+
+m.  Fixed a bug that caused "\M-x" style key bindings to not obey the setting
+    of the `convert-meta' variable.
+
+n.  Fixed saving and restoring primary prompt when prompting for incremental
+    and non-incremental searches; search prompts now display multibyte
+    characters correctly.
+
+o.  Fixed a bug that caused keys originally bound to self-insert but shadowed
+    by a multi-character key sequence to not be inserted.
+
+p.  Fixed code so rl_prep_term_function and rl_deprep_term_function aren't
+    dereferenced if NULL (matching the documentation).
+
+q.  Extensive changes to readline to add enough state so that commands
+    requiring additional characters (searches, multi-key sequences, numeric
+    arguments, commands requiring an additional specifier character like
+    vi-mode change-char, etc.) work without synchronously waiting for
+    additional input.
+
+r.  Lots of changes so readline builds and runs on MinGW.
+
+s.  Readline no longer tries to modify the terminal settings when running in
+    callback mode.
+
+t.  The Readline display code no longer sets the location of the last invisible
+    character in the prompt if the \[\] sequence is empty.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  Bash now understands LC_TIME as a special variable so that time display
+    tracks the current locale.
+
+b.  BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV, BASH_SOURCE, and BASH_LINENO are no longer created
+    as `invisible' variables and may not be unset.
+
+c.  In POSIX mode, if `xpg_echo' option is enabled, the `echo' builtin doesn't
+    try to interpret any options at all, as POSIX requires.
+
+d.  The `bg' builtin now accepts multiple arguments, as POSIX seems to specify.
+
+e.  Fixed vi-mode word completion and glob expansion to perform tilde
+    expansion.
+
+f.  The `**' mathematic exponentiation operator is now right-associative.
+
+g.  The `ulimit' builtin has new options: -i (max number of pending signals),
+    -q (max size of POSIX message queues), and -x (max number of file locks).
+
+h.  A bare `%' once again expands to the current job when used as a job
+    specifier.
+
+i.  The `+=' assignment operator (append to the value of a string or array) is
+    now supported for assignment statements and arguments to builtin commands
+    that accept assignment statements.
+
+j.  BASH_COMMAND now preserves its value when a DEBUG trap is executed.
+
+k.  The `gnu_errfmt' option is enabled automatically if the shell is running
+    in an emacs terminal window.
+
+l.  New configuration option:  --single-help-strings.  Causes long help text
+    to be written as a single string; intended to ease translation.
+
+m.  The COMP_WORDBREAKS variable now causes the list of word break characters
+    to be emptied when the variable is unset.
+
+n.  An unquoted expansion of $* when $IFS is empty now causes the positional
+    parameters to be concatenated if the expansion doesn't undergo word
+    splitting.
+
+o.  Bash now inherits $_ from the environment if it appears there at startup.
+
+p.  New shell option: nocasematch.  If non-zero, shell pattern matching ignores
+    case when used by `case' and `[[' commands.
+
+q.  The `printf' builtin takes a new option: -v var.  That causes the output
+    to be placed into var instead of on stdout.
+
+r.  By default, the shell no longer reports processes dying from SIGPIPE.
+
+s.  Bash now sets the extern variable `environ' to the export environment it
+    creates, so C library functions that call getenv() (and can't use the
+    shell-provided replacement) get current values of environment variables.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  The key sequence sent by the keypad `delete' key is now automatically
+    bound to delete-char.
+
+b.  A negative argument to menu-complete now cycles backward through the
+    completion list.
+
+c.  A new bindable readline variable:  bind-tty-special-chars.  If non-zero,
+    readline will bind the terminal special characters to their readline
+    equivalents when it's called (on by default).
+
+d.  New bindable command: vi-rubout.  Saves deleted text for possible
+    reinsertion, as with any vi-mode `text modification' command; `X' is bound
+    to this in vi command mode.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-release,
+and the previous version, bash-3.0-rc1.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed a boundary overrun that could cause segmentation faults when the
+    completion code hands an incomplete construct to the word expansion
+    functions.
+
+b.  Changed posix mode behavior so that an error in a variable assignment
+    preceding a special builtin causes a non-interactive shell to exit.
+
+c.  Change the directory expansion portion of the completion code to not
+    expand embedded command substitutions if the directory name appears in
+    the file system.
+
+d.  Fixed a problem that caused `bash -r' to turn on restrictions before
+    reading the startup files.
+
+e.  Fixed a problem with the default operation of the `umask' builtin.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Fixed a problem with readline saving the contents of the current line
+    before beginning a non-interactive search.
+
+b.  Fixed a problem with EOF detection when using rl_event_hook.
+
+c.  Fixed a problem with the vi mode `p' and `P' commands ignoring numeric
+    arguments.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-rc1,
+and the previous version, bash-3.0-beta1.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed a bug that caused incorrect behavior when referecing element 0 of
+    an array using $array, element 0 was unset, and `set -u' was enabled.
+
+b.  System-specific changes for: SCO Unix 3.2, Tandem.
+
+c.  Fixed a bug that caused inappropriate word splitting when a variable was
+    expanded within a double-quoted string that also included $@.
+
+d.  Fixed a bug that caused `pwd' to not display anything in physical mode
+    when the file system had changed underneath the shell.
+
+e.  Fixed a bug in the pre- and post- increment and decrement parsing in the
+    expression evaluator that caused errors when the operands and corresponding
+    operators were separated by whitespace.
+
+f.  Fixed a bug that caused `history -p' to add an entry to the history list,
+    counter to the documentation.  (Keeps the history expansions invoked by
+    emacs-mode command line editing from doing that as well.)
+
+g.  Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if `cd' is asked to print out a
+    pathname longer than PATH_MAX characters.
+
+h.  Fixed a bug that caused jobs to be put into the wrong process group under
+    some circumstances after enabling job control with `set -m'.
+
+i.  `unalias' now  returns failure if no alias name arguments are supplied.
+
+j.  Documented the characters not allowed to appear in an alias name.
+
+k.  $* is no longer expanded as if in double quotes when it appears in the
+    body of a here document, as the SUS seems to require.
+
+l.  The `bashbug' script now uses a directory in $TMPDIR for exclusive
+    access rather than trying to guess how the underlying OS provides for
+    secure temporary file creation.
+
+m.  Fixed a few problems with `cd' and `pwd' when asked to operate on pathnames
+    longer than PATH_MAX characters.
+
+n.  Fixed a memory leak caused when creating multiple local array variables
+    with identical names.
+
+o.  Fixed a problem with calls to getcwd() so that bash now operates better
+    when the full pathname to the current directory is longer than PATH_MAX
+    bytes.
+
+p.  The `trap' builtin now reports an error if a single non-signal argument
+    is specified.
+
+q.  Fixed a bug that caused `umask' to not work correctly when presented
+    with a mask of all 0s.
+
+r.  When `getopts' reaches the end of options, OPTARG is unset, as POSIX
+    appears to specify.
+
+s.  Interactive mode now depends on whether or not stdin and stderr are
+    connected to a tty; formerly it  was stdin and stdout.  POSIX requires
+    this.
+
+t.  Fixed vi-mode completion to work more as POSIX specifies (e.g., doing the
+    right kind of filename generation).
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Fixed a problem that could cause readline to refer to freed memory when
+    moving between history lines while doing searches.
+
+b.  Improvements to the code that expands and displays prompt strings
+    containing multibyte characters.
+
+c.  Fixed a problem with vi-mode not correctly remembering the numeric argument
+    to the last `c'hange command for later use with `.'.
+
+d.  Fixed a bug in vi-mode that caused multi-digit count arguments to work
+    incorrectly.
+
+e.  Fixed a problem in vi-mode that caused the last text modification command
+    to not be remembered across different command lines.
+
+f.  Fixed problems with changing characters and changing case at the end of
+    the line.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  The `jobs', `kill', and `wait' builtins now accept job control notation
+    even if job control is not enabled.
+
+b.  The historical behavior of `trap' that allows a missing `action' argument
+    to cause each specified signal's handling to be reset to its default is
+    now only supported when `trap' is given a single non-option argument.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  When listing completions, directories have a `/' appended if the
+    `mark-directories' option has been enabled.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-beta1,
+and the previous version, bash-3.0-alpha.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixes to build correctly when arrays are not compiled into the shell.
+
+b.  Fixed command substitution to run any exit trap defined in the command
+    substitution before returning; the exit trap is not inherited from the
+    calling shell.
+
+c.  Fixes to process group synchronization code so that every child process
+    attempts to set the terminal's process group; fixes some synchronization
+    problems on Linux kernels that schedule the child to always run before
+    the parent.
+
+d.  Fixed processing of octal and hex constants in printf builtin for POSIX.2
+    compliance.
+
+e.  Fixed a couple of core dumps in the pattern removal code.
+
+f.  Fixes to the array subrange extraction code to deal better with sparse
+    arrays.
+
+g.  Parser errors and other errors that result in the shell exiting now cause
+    the exit trap to be run.
+
+h.  Change the command substitution completion functions to not append any
+    closing quote, because it would be inserted a closing "`" or ")".
+
+i.  Fix history initialization so assignments to $histchars made in startup
+    files are honored.
+
+j.  If an exit trap does not contain a call to `exit', the shell now uses
+    the exit status of the last command executed before the trap as the exit
+    status of the shell.
+
+k.  The parser now prompts with $PS2 if it reads a newline while parsing a
+    compound array assignment statement.
+
+l.  When performing a compound array assignment, the parser doesn't treat
+    words of the form [index]=value as assignments if they're the result of
+    expansions.
+
+m.  Fixed a bug that caused `return' executed in a trap command to make the
+    shell think it was still running the trap.
+
+n.  Fixed the value of errno set by the pathname canonicalization functions.
+
+o.  Changed the grammar so that `time' alone on a line times a null command
+    rather than being a syntax error.
+
+p.  The pattern substitution code no longer performs quote removal on the
+    pattern before trying to match it, as the pattern removal functions do.
+
+q.  Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps when checking whether a quoted
+    command name was being completed.
+
+r.  Fixes to the pattern removal and pattern replacement expansions to deal
+    with multibyte characters better (and faster).
+
+s.  Fix to the substring expansion (${param:off[:len]}) to deal with (possibly
+    multibyte) characters instead of raw bytes.
+
+t.  Fixed a bug that caused some key bindings set in an inputrc to be ignored
+    at shell startup.
+
+u.  Fixed a bug that caused unsetting a local variable within a function to
+    not work correctly.
+
+v.  Fixed a bug that caused invalid variables to be created when using
+    `read -a'.
+
+w.  Fixed a bug that caused "$@" to expand incorrectly when used as the right
+    hand side of a parameter expansion such as ${word:="$@"} if the first
+    character of $IFS was not a space.
+
+x.  Fixed a slight cosmetic problem when printing commands containing a
+    `>&word' redirection.
+
+y.  Fixed a problem that could cause here documents to not be created correctly
+    if the system temporary directory did not allow writing.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Change to history expansion functions to treat `^' as equivalent to word
+    one, as the documentation states.
+
+b.  Some changes to the display code to improve display and redisplay of
+    multibyte characters.
+
+c.  Changes to speed up the multibyte character redisplay code.
+
+d.  Fixed a bug in the vi-mode `E' command that caused it to skip over the
+    last character of a word if invoked while point was on the word's
+    next-to-last character.
+
+e.  Fixed a bug that could cause incorrect filename quoting when
+    case-insensitive completion was enabled and the word being completed
+    contained backslashes quoting word break characters.
+
+f.  Fixed a bug in redisplay triggered when the prompt string contains
+    invisible characters.
+
+g.  Fixed some display (and other) bugs encountered in multibyte locales
+    when a non-ascii character was the last character on a line.
+
+h.  Fixed some display bugs caused by multibyte characters in prompt strings.
+
+i.  Fixed a problem with history expansion caused by non-whitespace characters
+    used as history word delimiters.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  printf builtin understands two new escape sequences:  \" and \?.
+
+b.  `echo -e' understands two new escape sequences:  \" and \?.
+
+c.  The GNU `gettext' package and libintl have been integrated; the shell's
+    messages can be translated into different languages.
+
+d.  The `\W' prompt expansion now abbreviates $HOME as `~', like `\w'.
+
+e.  The error message printed when bash cannot open a shell script supplied
+    as argument 1 now includes the name of the shell, to better identify
+    the error as coming from bash.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  New application variable, rl_completion_quote_character, set to any
+    quote character readline finds before it calls the application completion
+    function.
+
+b.  New application variable, rl_completion_suppress_quote, settable by an
+    application completion function.  If set to non-zero, readline does not
+    attempt to append a closing quote to a completed word.
+
+c.  New application variable, rl_completion_found_quote, set to a non-zero
+    value if readline determines that the word to be completed is quoted.
+    Set before readline calls any application completion function.
+
+d.  New function hook, rl_completion_word_break_hook, called when readline
+    needs to break a line into words when completion is attempted.  Allows
+    the word break characters to vary based on position in the line.
+
+e.  New bindable command: unix-filename-rubout.  Does the same thing as
+    unix-word-rubout, but adds `/' to the set of word delimiters.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-alpha,
+and the previous version, bash-2.05b-release.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixes so that the shell will compile without some of the default options
+    defined.
+
+b.  Fixed an error message that did not pass enough arguments to printf.
+
+c.  Fixed a bug that caused input redirection to a builtin inside a script
+    being read from standard input to result in the rest of the already-
+    read and buffered script to be discarded.
+
+d.  Fixed a bug that caused subshell initialization to close the file
+    descriptor from which the shell was reading a script under certain
+    circumstances.
+
+e.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not advance a string pointer over
+    a null wide character when doing string operations.
+
+f.  Fixed the internal logout code so that shells that time out waiting for
+    input (using $TMOUT) run ~/.bash_logout.
+
+g.  Portability and configuration changes for: cygwin, HP/UX, GNU/FreeBSD.
+
+h.  The parser no longer adds implicit double quotes to ((...)) arithmetic
+    commands.
+
+i.  The ((...)) arithmetic command evaluation code was fixed to not dump core
+    when the expanded string is null.
+
+j.  The ((...)) arithmetic command evaluation code was fixed to not perform
+    variable assignments while expanding the expression.
+
+k.  Fixed a bug that caused word splitting to be performed incorrectly when
+    IFS is set, but null.
+
+l.  Fixed a bug in brace expansion that caused a quoted `$' preceding an
+    open brace to inhibit brace expansion.
+
+m.  Fixed a bug that caused a leading `-' in the shell's name to cause it to
+    not be recognized as a restricted shell.
+
+n.  Fixed a bug in the arithmetic evaluation code that could cause longjmps
+    to an invalid location and result in a core dump.
+
+o.  Fixed a bug in the calculation of how many history lines are new in a
+    single shell session when reading new history lines from a file with
+    `history -n'.
+
+p.  Fixed a bug in pathname canonicalization that caused the shell to dump
+    core when presented with a pathname longer than PATH_MAX.
+
+q.  Fixed the parser so that it doesn't try to compare a char variable to
+    EOF, which fails when chars are unsigned.
+
+r.  Fixed a bug in the simple command execution code that caused occasional
+    core dumps.
+
+s.  The shell does a better job of saving any partial parsing state during
+    operations which cause a command to be executed while a line is being
+    entered and parsed.
+
+t.  The completion code now splits words more like the expansion code when
+    $IFS is used to split.
+
+u.  The locale code does a better job of recomputing the various locale
+    variable values when LC_ALL is unset.
+
+v.  The programmable completion code does a better job of dequoting expanded
+    word lists before comparing them against the word to be matched.
+
+w.  The shell no longer seg faults if the expanded value of $PS4 is null
+    and `set -x' is enabled.
+
+x.  Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when a here string expanded to NULL.
+
+y.  The mail checking code now makes sure the mailbox is bigger before
+    reporting the existence of new mail.
+
+z.  The parser does not try to expand $'...' and $"..." when the appear
+    within double quotes unless the `extquote' option has been enabled with
+    `shopt'.  For backwards compatibility, it is enabled by default.
+
+aa. Fixed a bug that caused `for x; do ...' and `select x; do ... to use
+    $@ instead of "$@" for the implicit list of arguments.
+
+bb. Fixed a bug that caused a subshell of a restricted shell (e.g., one
+    spawned to execute a pipeline) to not exit immediately if attempting
+    to use a command containing a slash.
+
+cc. Fixed a problem with empty replacements for a pattern that doesn't match
+    when performing ${param/word/} expansion.
+
+dd. Word expansions performed while expanding redirections no longer search
+    a command's temporary environment to expand variable values.
+
+ee. Improvements to the alias expansion code when expanding subsequent words
+    because an aliase's value ends with a space.
+
+ff. `cd -' now prints the current working directory after a successful chdir
+    even when the shell is not interactive, as the standard requires.
+
+gg. The shell does a better job of ensuring a child process dies of SIGINT
+    before resending SIGINT to itself.
+
+hh. The arithmetic expansion variable assignment code now does the right
+    thing when assigning to `special' variables like OPTIND.
+
+ii. When history expansion verification is enabled, the bash readline helper
+    functions that do history expansion on the current line don't print
+    the results.
+
+jj. Fixed bugs with multiple consecutive alias expansion when one of the
+    expansions ends with a space.
+
+kk. Fixed a problem in the programmable completion code that could cause core
+    dumps when trying to initialize a set of possible completions from a
+    list of variables.
+
+ll. The \[ and \] escape characters are now ignored when decoding the prompt
+    string if the shell is started with editing disabled.
+
+mm. Fixed a bug that could leave extra characters in a string when doing
+    quoted null character removal.
+
+nn. Command substitution and other subshell operations no longer reset the
+    line number (aids the bash debugger).
+
+oo. Better line number management when executing simple commands, conditional
+    commands, for commands, and select commands.
+
+pp. The globbing code now uses malloc, with its better failure properties,
+    rather than alloca().
+
+qq. Fixed a bug that caused expansions like #{a[2]:=value} to create the
+    appropriate array element instead of a variable named `a[2]'.
+
+rr. Fixed a bug in the handling of a `?(...)' pattern immediately following
+    a `*' when extglob is enabled.
+
+ss. Fixed a bug that caused a `return' invoked in an exit trap when exit is
+    invoked in a function to misbehave.
+
+tt. Fixed a bug that caused CTLESC and CTLNUL characters to not be escaped
+    by the internal shell string quoting functions.
+
+uu. Fixed a bug that caused quoted null characters in an expanded word list
+    to be inappropriately assigned to an array variable when using `read -a'.
+
+vv. Fixed a bug that caused redirections accompanying a null command to persist
+    in the current shell.
+
+ww. Fixed a bug that caused the prompt to be printed when the shell was
+    expanding a multiline alias.
+
+xx. Fixed a bug that resulted in core dumps when the completion for a command
+    changed the compspec.
+
+yy. Fixed a bug that caused evaluation of programmable completions to print
+    notifications of completed jobs.
+
+zz. Bash now disables line editing when $EMACS == `t' and $TERM == `dumb'
+    (which is what emacs shell windows do).
+
+aaa. In posix mode, `kill -l' causes signal names to be displayed without
+     a leading `SIG'.
+
+bbb. Clear error flag on standard output so it doesn't persist across multiple
+     builtin commands.
+
+ccc. In posix mode, `alias' displays alias values without the leading `alias',
+     so the output cannot be used as subsequent input.
+
+ddd. In posix mode, the `trap' builtin doesn't check whether or not its
+     first argument is a signal specification and revert the signal handling
+     to its original disposition if it is.
+
+eee. Fixed several bugs in the handling of "$*" and "${array[*]}" by the
+     pattern substitution and removal expansions.
+
+fff. Fixed several problems with the handling of ${array[@]}, ${array[*]},
+     $@, and $* by the indirect variable expansion code.
+
+ggg. Fixed a bug that did not allow `time' to be aliased.
+
+hhh. Improved the mail checking code so it won't check (and possibly cause an
+     NFS file system mount) until MAILPATH or MAIL is given a value -- there
+     is no default if DEFAULT_MAIL_DIRECTORY is not defined at compile time.
+     (It is computed by configure, but can be #undef'd in config-bot.h.)
+
+iii. If the `chkwinsize' option is enabled, the shell checks for window size
+     changes if a child process exits due to a signal.
+
+jjj. Removed the attempts to avoid adding a slash at the end of a completed
+     executable name if there was a directory with the same name in the
+     current directory.
+
+kkk. Fixed PATH lookup code so it treats the permission bits separately for
+     owner, group, and other, rather than checking them all.
+
+lll. Fixed the locale code to reset the parser's idea of the character class
+     <blank>, which controls how it splits tokens, when the locale changes.
+
+mmm. The shell now binds its special readline functions and key bindings only
+     if the user's inputrc file has not already bound them.
+
+nnn. The shell now reports on processes that dump core due to signals when
+     invoked as `-c command'.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Fixes to avoid core dumps because of null pointer references in the
+    multibyte character code.
+
+b.  Fix to avoid infinite recursion caused by certain key combinations.
+
+c.  Fixed a bug that caused the vi-mode `last command' to be set incorrectly.
+
+d.  Readline no longer tries to read ahead more than one line of input, even
+    when more is available.
+
+e.  Fixed the code that adjusts the point to not mishandle null wide
+    characters.
+
+f.  Fixed a bug in the history expansion `g' modifier that caused it to skip
+    every other match.
+
+g.  Fixed a bug that caused the prompt to overwrite previous output when the
+    output doesn't contain a newline and the locale supports multibyte
+    characters.  This same change fixes the problem of readline redisplay
+    slowing down dramatically as the line gets longer in multibyte locales.
+
+h.  History traversal with arrow keys in vi insertion mode causes the cursor
+    to be placed at the end of the new line, like in emacs mode.
+
+i.  The locale initialization code does a better job of using the right
+    precedence and defaulting when checking the appropriate environment
+    variables.
+
+j.  Fixed the history word tokenizer to handle <( and >( better when used as
+    part of bash.
+
+k.  The overwrite mode code received several bug fixes to improve undo.
+
+l.  Many speedups to the multibyte character redisplay code.
+
+m.  The callback character reading interface should not hang waiting to read
+    keyboard input.
+
+n.  Fixed a bug with redoing vi-mode `s' command.
+
+o.  The code that initializes the terminal tracks changes made to the terminal
+    special characters with stty(1) (or equivalent), so that these changes
+    are reflected in the readline bindings.  New application-callable function
+    to make it work:  rl_tty_unset_default_bindings().
+
+p.  Fixed a bug that could cause garbage to be inserted in the buffer when
+    changing character case in vi mode when using a multibyte locale.
+
+q.  Fixed a bug in the redisplay code that caused problems on systems
+    supporting multibyte characters when moving between history lines when the
+    new line has more glyphs but fewer bytes.
+
+r.  Undo and redo now work better after exiting vi insertion mode.
+
+s.  Make sure system calls are restarted after a SIGWINCH is received using
+    SA_RESTART.
+
+t.  Improvements to the code that displays possible completions when using
+    multibyte characters.
+
+u.  Fixed a problem when parsing nested if statements in inputrc files.
+
+v.  The completer now takes multibyte characters into account when looking for
+    quoted substrings on which to perform completion.
+
+w.  The history search functions now perform better bounds checking on the
+    history list.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  ANSI string expansion now implements the \x{hexdigits} escape.
+
+b.  There is a new loadable `strftime' builtin.
+
+c.  New variable, COMP_WORDBREAKS, which controls the readline completer's
+    idea of word break characters.
+
+d.  The `type' builtin no longer reports on aliases unless alias expansion
+    will actually be performed.    
+
+e.  HISTCONTROL is now a colon-separated list of values, which permits
+    more extensibility and backwards compatibility.
+
+f.  HISTCONTROL may now include the `erasedups' option, which causes all lines
+    matching a line being added to be removed from the history list.
+
+g.  `configure' has a new `--enable-multibyte' argument that permits multibyte
+    character support to be disabled even on systems that support it.
+
+h.  New variables to support the bash debugger:  BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV,
+    BASH_SOURCE, BASH_LINENO, BASH_SUBSHELL, BASH_EXECUTION_STRING,
+    BASH_COMMAND
+
+i.  FUNCNAME has been changed to support the debugger: it's now an array
+    variable.
+
+j.  for, case, select, arithmetic commands now keep line number information
+    for the debugger.
+
+k.  There is a new `RETURN' trap executed when a function or sourced script
+    returns (not inherited child processes; inherited by command substitution
+    if function tracing is enabled and the debugger is active).
+
+l.  New invocation option:  --debugger.  Enables debugging and turns on new
+    `extdebug' shell option.
+
+m.  New `functrace' and `errtrace' options to `set -o' cause DEBUG and ERR
+    traps, respectively, to be inherited by shell functions.  Equivalent to
+    `set -T' and `set -E' respectively.  The `functrace' option also controls
+    whether or not the DEBUG trap is inherited by sourced scripts.
+
+n.  The DEBUG trap is run before binding the variable and running the action
+    list in a `for' command, binding the selection variable and running the
+    query in a `select' command, and before attempting a match in a `case'
+    command.
+
+o.  New `--enable-debugger' option to `configure' to compile in the debugger
+    support code.
+
+p.  `declare -F' now prints out extra line number and source file information
+    if the `extdebug' option is set.
+
+q.  If `extdebug' is enabled, a non-zero return value from a DEBUG trap causes
+    the next command to be skipped, and a return value of 2 while in a
+    function or sourced script forces a `return'.
+
+r.  New `caller' builtin to provide a call stack for the bash debugger.
+
+s.  The DEBUG trap is run just before the first command in a function body is
+    executed, for the debugger.
+
+t.  `for', `select', and `case' command heads are printed when `set -x' is
+    enabled.
+
+u.  There is a new {x..y} brace expansion, which is shorthand for {x.x+1,
+    x+2,...,y}.  x and y can be integers or single characters; the sequence
+    may ascend or descend; the increment is always 1.
+
+v.  New ksh93-like ${!array[@]} expansion, expands to all the keys (indices)
+    of array.
+
+w.  New `force_fignore' shopt option; if enabled, suffixes specified by
+    FIGNORE cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even
+    if they're the only possibilities.
+
+x.  New `gnu_errfmt' shopt option; if enabled, error messages follow the `gnu
+    style' (filename:lineno:message) format.
+
+y.  New `-o bashdefault' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes the
+    whole set of bash completions to be performed if the compspec doesn't
+    result in a match.
+
+z.  New `-o plusdirs' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes directory
+    name completion to be performed and the results added to the rest of the
+    possible completions.
+
+aa. `kill' is available as a builtin even when the shell is built without
+    job control.
+
+bb. New HISTTIMEFORMAT variable; value is a format string to pass to
+    strftime(3).  If set and not null, the `history' builtin prints out
+    timestamp information according to the specified format when displaying
+    history entries.  If set, bash tells the history library to write out
+    timestamp information when the history file is written.
+
+cc. The [[ ... ]] command has a new binary `=~' operator that performs
+    extended regular expression (egrep-like) matching.
+
+dd. `configure' has a new `--enable-cond-regexp' option (enabled by default)
+    to enable the =~ operator and regexp matching in [[ ... ]].
+
+ee. Subexpressions matched by the =~ operator are placed in the new
+    BASH_REMATCH array variable.
+
+ff. New `failglob' option that causes an expansion error when pathname
+    expansion fails to produce a match.
+
+gg. New `set -o pipefail' option that causes a pipeline to return a failure
+    status if any of the processes in the pipeline fail, not just the last
+    one.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  History expansion has a new `a' modifier equivalent to the `g' modifier
+    for compatibility with the BSD csh.
+
+b.  History expansion has a new `G' modifier equivalent to the BSD csh `g'
+    modifier, which performs a substitution once per word.
+
+c.  All non-incremental search operations may now undo the operation of
+    replacing the current line with the history line.
+
+d.  The text inserted by an `a' command in vi mode can be reinserted with
+    `.'.
+
+e.  New bindable variable, `show-all-if-unmodified'.  If set, the readline
+    completer will list possible completions immediately if there is more
+    than one completion and partial completion cannot be performed.
+
+f.  There is a new application-callable `free_history_entry()' function.
+
+g.  History list entries now contain timestamp information; the history file
+    functions know how to read and write timestamp information associated
+    with each entry.
+
+h.  Four new key binding functions have been added:
+
+	rl_bind_key_if_unbound()
+	rl_bind_key_if_unbound_in_map()
+	rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound()
+	rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound_in_map()
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-release,
+and the previous version, bash-2.05b-beta2.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed an off-by-one error in the function that translates job
+    specifications.
+
+b.  Note that we're running under Emacs and disable line editing if
+    $EMACS == `t'.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-beta2,
+and the previous version, bash-2.05b-beta1.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed the /= and %= arithmetic operators to catch division by zero.
+
+b.  Added putenv, setenv, unsetenv to getenv replacement for completeness.
+
+c.  Fixed a bug that could cause the -O expand_aliases invocation option
+    to not take effect.
+
+d.  Fixed a problem with process substitution that resulted in incorrect
+    behavior when the number of process substitutions in an individual
+    command approached 64.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Fixed a problem with backward-char-search when on a system with support
+    for multibyte characters when running in a locale without any multibyte
+    characters.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-beta1,
+and the previous version, bash-2.05b-alpha1.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed a problem when parsing a POSIX.2 character class name while
+    evaluating a bracket expression containing multibyte characters.
+
+b.  Changed the help text for `bind' to make it clear that any command
+    that may be placed in ~/.inputrc is a valid argument to `bind'.
+
+c.  Added `help' builtin entries for `((', `[[', and arithmetic for.
+
+d.  malloc updated again:
+	o slightly better overflow and underflow detection by putting the
+	  chunk size at the beginning and end of the chunk and making
+	  sure they match in free/realloc
+	o partial page allocated to make things page-aligned no longer
+	  completely wasted
+	o block coalescing now enabled by default
+	o splitting and coalescing enabled for 32-byte chunks, the most
+	  common size requested
+	o fixed a problem that resulted in spurious underflow messages and
+	  aborts
+	o bin sizes are precomputed and stored in an array rather than
+	  being computed at run time
+	o malloc will return memory blocks back to the system if the block
+	  being freed is at the top of the heap and of sufficient size to
+	  make it worthwhile
+	o malloc/free/realloc now inline memset instead of calling the
+	  libc function; uses Duff's device for good performance
+
+e.  Check for getservent(); make the service name completion code dependent
+    on its presence.
+
+f.  Changed the readline callback that executes a command bound to a key
+    sequence to not save the executed command on the history list and to
+    save and restore the parsing state.
+
+g.  Changes to lib/sh/snprintf.c:  fixed some bugs in the `g' and `G'
+    floating point format display; implemented the "'" flag character
+    that turns on thousands' grouping; fixed behavior on systems where
+    MB_CUR_MAX does not evaluate to a constant.
+
+h.  The `unset' builtin no longer returns a failure status when asked to
+    unset a previously-unset variable or function.
+
+i.  Changes to the build system to make it easier to cross-compile bash
+    for different systems.
+
+j.  Added `,' to  the characters that are backslash-escaped during filename
+    completion, to avoid problems with complete-into-braces and RCS filenames
+    containing commas.
+
+k.  Some changes to the multibyte character support code to avoid many calls
+    to strlen().
+
+l.  Bash now correctly honors setting LANG to some value when LC_ALL does not
+    already have a value.
+
+m.  Fixed a bug that could cause SIGSEGV when processing nested traps with
+    trap handlers.
+
+n.  The `source/.' builtin now restores the positional parameters when it
+    returns unless they were changed using the `set' builtin during the file's
+    execution.
+
+o.  Fixed a bug that caused a syntax error when a command was terminated by
+    EOF.
+
+2.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  There is now support for placing the long help text into separate files
+    installed into ${datadir}/bash.  Not enabled by default; can be turned
+    on with `--enable-separate-helpfiles' option to configure.
+
+b.  All builtins that take operands accept a `--' pseudo-option, except
+    `echo'.
+
+c.  The `echo' builtin now accepts \0xxx (zero to three octal digits following
+    the `0') in addition to \xxx (one to three octal digits) for SUSv3/XPG6/
+    POSIX.1-2001 compliance.
+
+3.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Fixed a small problem in _rl_insert_char with multibyte characters.
+
+b.  Fixes from IBM for line wrapping problems when using multibyte characters.
+
+c.  Fixed a problem which caused the display to be messed up when the last
+    line of a multi-line prompt (possibly containing invisible characters)
+    was longer than the screen width.
+
+d.  Fixed a problem with the vi-mode `r' command that occurred on systems with
+    support for multibyte characters when running in a locale without any
+    multibyte characters.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-alpha1,
+and the previous version, bash-2.05a-release.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Some changes to work around inlining differences between compilers.
+
+b.  Added more prototypes for internal shell typedefs, to catch argument
+    passing errors when using pointers to functions.
+
+c.  The `cd' builtin now fails in posix mode when a valid directory cannot be
+    constructed from a relative pathname argument and the $PWD using pathname
+    canonicalization, and the -P option has not been supplied.  Previously,
+    the shell would attempt to use what the user typed, leading to weird
+    values for $PWD and discrepancies between the value of $PWD and the
+    actual working directory.
+
+d.  The `cd' builtin now resets $PWD when canonicalization fails but a chdir
+    to the pathname passed as an argument succeeds (when not in posix mode).
+
+e.  The `fc' builtin has been fixed, as POSIX requires, to use the closest
+    history position in range when given an out-of-range argument.
+
+f.  The history file loading code was changed to allow lines to be saved in
+    the history list from the shell startup files.
+
+g.  `history -s args' now works better in compound commands.
+
+h.  The tilde expansion code was fixed to better recognize when it's being
+    invoked in an assignment context, which enables expansion after `='
+    and `:'.
+
+i.  Fixed the command name completion code so a slash is no longer appended
+    to a single match if there happens to be a directory with that name in
+    $PWD.
+
+j.  Fixed compound array assignment to no longer perform alias expansion, to
+    allow reserved words as array members, and to not produce extra output
+    when the `-v' option had been enabled.
+
+k.  Fixed the programmable completion code to better handle newlines in lists
+    of possible completions (e.g., `complete -W').
+
+l.  Removed the reserved words from the `bash-builtins' manual page.
+
+m.  Parser error reporting now attempts to do a better job of identifying the
+    token in error rather than doing straight textual analysis.
+
+n.  Fixes for Inf/NaN, locales, wide/multibyte characters and zero-length
+    arguments in the library snprintf(3) replacement.
+
+o.  `read -e' no longer does command name completion on the first word on
+    the line being read.
+
+p.  `select' now returns failure if the read of the user's selection fails.
+
+q.  Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when setting $PIPESTATUS.
+
+r.  Fixes to not allocate so many job slots when the shell is running a loop
+    with job control enabled in a subshell of an interactive shell.
+
+s.  Fixed a bug in the trap code that caused traps to be inherited by
+    command substitutions in some cases.
+
+t.  Fixed a bug that could cause alias expansion to inappropriately expand
+    the word following the alias.
+
+u.  Fixed a bug in the `kill' builtin that mishandled negative pid arguments.
+
+v.  The parser is less lenient when parsing assignment statements where the
+    characters before the `=' don't comprise a valid identifier.
+
+w.  The arithmetic expression evaluation code now honors the setting of the
+    `-u' option when expanding variable names.
+
+x.  Fixed the arithmetic evaluation code to allow array subscripts to be
+    assigned (`let b[7]=42') and auto-incremented and auto-decremented
+    (e.g., b[7]++).
+
+y.  Reimplemented the existing prompt string date and time expansions using
+    strftime(3), which changed the output of \@ in some locales.
+
+z.  Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when a special shell variable
+    (like RANDOM) was converted to an array with a variable assignment.
+
+aa. Fixed a bug that would reset the handler for a signal the user had
+    trapped to a function that would exit the shell when setting the exit
+    trap in a non-interactive shell.
+
+bb. Changed the execve(2) wrapper code to check whether or not a failing
+    command is a directory before looking at whether a `#!' interpreter
+    failed for some reason.
+
+cc. Fixed a bug in the command printing code so it no longer inserts a `;'
+    after a newline, which produces a syntax error when reused as input.
+
+dd. The code that expands $PS4 no longer inherits the `-x' flag.
+
+ee. The bash-specific completion functions may now take advantage of the
+    double-TAB and M-?  features of the standard readline completion
+    functions.
+
+ff. The mail checking code no longer prints a message if the checked file's
+    size has not increased, even if the access time is less than the modification time.
+
+gg. Rewrote the variable symbol table code: there is now a stack of
+    contexts, each possibly including a separate symbol table; there can
+    be more than one temporary environment supplied to nested invocations
+    of `./source'; the temporary environments no longer require so much
+    special-case code; shell functions now handle the temporary environment
+    and local variables more consistently; function scope exit is faster now
+    that the entire symbol table does not have to be traversed to dispose of
+    local variables; it is now easier to push vars from the temporary
+    environment to the shell's variable table in posix mode; some duplicated
+    code has been removed.
+
+hh. Regularized the error message printing code; builtin_error is now called
+    more consistently, and common error message strings are handled by small
+    functions.  This should make eventual message translation easier.
+
+ii. Error messages now include the line number in a script when the shell
+    is not interactive.
+
+jj. Array subscript expansion now takes place even when the array variable is
+    unset, so side effects will take place.
+
+kk. Fixed a bug in the SICGHLD child-reaping code so that it won't find
+    jobs already marked as terminated if the OS reuses pids quickly enough.
+
+ll. Fixed a bug that could cause a signal to not interrupt the `wait'
+    builtin while it was waiting for a background process to terminate.
+
+mm. A couple of changes to make it easier for multiple shells to share history
+    files using `history -n', `history -r', and `history -w'.
+
+nn. The `getopts' builtin always increments OPTIND to point to the next
+    option to be handled when an option is returned, whether it's valid
+    or not, as POSIX 1003.x-2001 requires.
+
+oo. Changed some parts of the expansion code to avoid allocating and
+    immediately freeing memory without using the results for anything.
+
+pp. The shell now keeps track of $IFS internally, updating its internal map
+    each time the variable is assigned a new value (or at local scope exit).
+    This saves thousands of hash lookups for IFS, which, while individually
+    cheap, add up.
+
+qq. Rewrote the hash table code:  searching and insertion are much faster now,
+    and it uses a better string hashing function; augmented the function
+    interface to simplify other parts of the code and remove duplicated code
+
+rr. The shell now uses a simple, generic `object cache' for allocating and
+    caching words and word lists, which were the major users of
+    malloc/free.
+
+ss. Fixed the assignment statement parsing code to allow whitespace and
+    newlines in subscripts when performing array element assignment.
+
+tt. The shell now issues many fewer calls to sigprocmask and other signal
+    masking system calls.
+
+uu. Fixed the `test' and conditional command file comparison operators to
+    work right when one file has a non-positive timestamp and the other
+    does not exist.
+
+vv. Fixed some cases where the special characters '\001' and '\177' in the
+    values of variables or positional parameters caused incorrect expansion
+    results.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Fixed output of comment-begin character when listing variable values.
+
+b.  Added some default key bindings for common escape sequences produced by
+    HOME and END keys.
+
+c.  Fixed the mark handling code to be more emacs-compatible.
+
+d.  A bug was fixed in the code that prints possible completions to keep it
+    from printing empty strings in certain circumstances.
+
+e.  Change the key sequence printing code to print ESC as M\- if ESC is a
+    meta-prefix character -- it's easier for users to understand than \e.
+
+f.  Fixed unstifle_history() to return values that match the documentation.
+
+g.  Fixed the event loop (rl_event_hook) to handle the case where the input
+    file descriptor is invalidated.
+
+h.  Fixed the prompt display code to work better when the application has a
+    custom redisplay function.
+
+i.  Changes to make reading and writing the history file a little faster, and
+    to cope with huge history files without calling abort(3) from xmalloc.
+
+j.  The vi-mode `S' and `s' commands are now undone correctly.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  If set, TMOUT is the default timeout for the `read' builtin.
+
+b.  `type' has two new options:  `-f' suppresses shell function lookup, and
+    `-P' forces a $PATH search.
+
+c.  New code to handle multibyte characters.
+
+d.  `select' was changed to be more ksh-compatible, in that the menu is
+    reprinted each time through the loop only if REPLY is set to NULL.
+    The previous behavior is available as a compile-time option.
+
+e.  `complete -d' and `complete -o dirnames' now force a slash to be
+    appended to names which are symlinks to directories.
+
+f.  There is now a bindable edit-and-execute-command readline command,
+    like the vi-mode `v' command, bound to C-xC-e in emacs mode.
+
+g.  Added support for ksh93-like [:word:] character class in pattern matching.
+
+h.  The  $'...' quoting construct now expands \cX to Control-X.
+
+i.  A new \D{...} prompt expansion; passes the `...' to strftime and inserts
+    the result into the expanded prompt.
+
+j.  The shell now performs arithmetic in the largest integer size the
+    machine supports (intmax_t), instead of long.
+
+k.  If a numeric argument is supplied to one of the bash globbing completion
+    functions, a `*' is appended to the word before expansion is attempted.
+
+l.  The bash globbing completion functions now allow completions to be listed
+    with double tabs or if `show-all-if-ambiguous' is set.
+
+m.  New `-o nospace' option for `complete' and `compgen' builtins; suppresses
+    readline's appending a space to the completed word.
+
+n.  New `here-string' redirection operator:  <<< word.
+
+o.  When displaying variables, function attributes and definitions are shown
+    separately, allowing them to be re-used as input (attempting to re-use
+    the old output would result in syntax errors).
+
+p.  There is a new configuration option `--enable-mem-scramble', controls
+    bash malloc behavior of writing garbage characters into memory at
+    allocation and free time.
+
+q.  The `complete' and `compgen' builtins now have a new `-s/-A service'
+    option to complete on names from /etc/services.
+
+r.  `read' has a new `-u fd' option to read from a specified file descriptor.
+
+s.  Fix the completion code so that expansion errors in a directory name
+    don't cause a longjmp back to the command loop.
+
+t.  Fixed word completion inside command substitution to work a little more
+    intuitively.
+
+u.  The `printf' %q format specifier now uses $'...' quoting to print the
+    argument if it contains non-printing characters.
+
+v.  The `declare' and `typeset' builtins have a new `-t' option.  When applied
+    to functions, it causes the DEBUG trap to be inherited by the named
+    function.  Currently has no effect on variables.
+
+w.  The DEBUG trap is now run *before* simple commands, ((...)) commands,
+    [[...]] conditional commands, and for ((...)) loops.
+
+x.  The expansion of $LINENO inside a shell function is only relative to the
+    function start if the shell is interactive -- if the shell is running a
+    script, $LINENO expands to the line number in the script.  This is as
+    POSIX-2001 requires.
+
+y.  The bash debugger in examples/bashdb has been modified to work with the
+    new DEBUG trap semantics, the command set has been made more gdb-like,
+    and the changes to $LINENO make debugging functions work better.  Code
+    from Gary Vaughan.
+
+z.  New [n]<&word- and [n]>&word- redirections from ksh93 -- move fds (dup
+    and close).
+
+aa. There is a new `-l' invocation option, equivalent to `--login'.
+
+bb. The `hash' builtin has a new `-l' option to list contents in a reusable
+    format, and a `-d' option to remove a name from the hash table.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  Support for key `subsequences':  allows, e.g., ESC and ESC-a to both
+    be bound to readline functions.  Now the arrow keys may be used in vi
+    insert mode.
+
+b.  When listing completions, and the number of lines displayed is more than
+    the screen length, readline uses an internal pager to display the results.
+    This is controlled by the `page-completions' variable (default on).
+
+c.  New code to handle editing and displaying multibyte characters.
+
+d.  The behavior introduced in bash-2.05a of deciding whether or not to
+    append a slash to a completed name that is a symlink to a directory has
+    been made optional, controlled by the `mark-symlinked-directories'
+    variable (default is the 2.05a behavior).
+
+e.  The `insert-comment' command now acts as a toggle if given a numeric
+    argument:  if the first characters on the line don't specify a
+    comment, insert one; if they do, delete the comment text
+
+f.  New application-settable completion variable:
+    rl_completion_mark_symlink_dirs, allows an application's completion
+    function to temporarily override the user's preference for appending
+    slashes to names which are symlinks to directories.
+
+g.  New function available to application completion functions:
+    rl_completion_mode, to tell how the completion function was invoked
+    and decide which argument to supply to rl_complete_internal (to list
+    completions, etc.).
+
+h.  Readline now has an overwrite mode, toggled by the `overwrite-mode'
+    bindable command, which could be bound to `Insert'.
+
+i.  New application-settable completion variable:
+    rl_completion_suppress_append, inhibits appending of
+    rl_completion_append_character to completed words.
+
+j.  New key bindings when reading an incremental search string:  ^W yanks
+    the currently-matched word out of the current line into the search
+    string; ^Y yanks the rest of the current line into the search string,
+    DEL or ^H deletes characters from the search string.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-release,
+and the previous version, bash-2.05a-rc1.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed the `printf' builtin so that the variable name supplied as an
+    argument to a %n conversion must be a valid shell identifier.
+
+b.  Improved the random number generator slightly.
+
+c.  Changes to configuration to not put -I/usr/include into $CFLAGS, since
+    it messes up some includes.
+
+d.  Corrected description of POSIXLY_CORRECT in man page and info manual.
+
+e.  Fixed a couple of cases of incorrect function prototypes that sneaked
+    through and caused compilation problems.
+
+f.  A few changes to avoid potential core dumps in the programmable completion
+    code.
+
+g.  Fixed a configure problem that could cause a non-existent file to show
+    up in LIBOBJS.
+
+h.  Fixed a configure problem that could cause siglist.o to not be built when
+    required.
+
+i.  Changes to the strtoimax and strtoumax replacement functions to work
+    around buggy compilers.
+
+j.  Fixed a problem with the snprintf replacement function that could
+    potentially cause a core dump.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Fixed a locale-specific problem in the vi-mode `goto mark' command.
+
+b.  Fixed Makefile to not put -I/usr/include into CFLAGS, since it can cause
+    include file problems.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-rc1,
+and the previous version, bash-2.05a-beta1.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed the snprintf replacement to correctly implement the `alternate form'
+    of the %g and %G conversions.
+
+b.  Fixed snprintf to correctly handle the optional precision with the %g and
+    %G conversions.
+
+c.  Fixed the arithmetic evaluation code to correct the values of `@' and `_'
+    when translating base-64 constants (they were backwards).
+
+d.  New library functions for formatting long and long long ints.
+
+e.  Fixed a few places where negative array subscripts could have occurred,
+    mostly as the result of systems using signed characters.
+
+f.  Fixed a few places that assumed a pid_t was no wider than an int.
+
+g.  Fixed the `maildir' mail checking code to work on systems where a
+    `struct stat' doesn't include an `st_blocks' member.
+
+h.  Fixed snprintf to make `unsigned long long' conversion formats (%llu)
+    work better.
+
+i.  Fixed snprintf to not print a sign when asked to do an unsigned conversion.
+
+j.  Made configure changes to avoid compiling empty source files in lib/sh.
+
+k.  New replacement functions (if necessary) for strtoull, strtoll, strtoimax,
+    strtoumax.
+
+l.  The `printf' builtin now handles the `ll' and `j' length modifiers
+    directly, since they can affect the type and width of the argument
+    passed to printf(3).
+
+m.  Renamed a number of the bash-specific autoconf macros in aclocal.m4 to
+    have more systematic naming, with accompanying changes to configure.in.
+
+n.  Fixed snprintf to handle long doubles and the %a/%A conversions by
+    falling back to sprintf, as long as sprintf supports them.
+
+o.  Fixed return value from vsnprintf/snprintf to be the number of characters
+    that would have been printed, even if that number exceeds the buffer
+    size passed as an argument.
+
+p.  Bash no longer attempts to define its own versions of some ctype macros
+    if they are implemented as functions in libc but not as macros in
+    <ctype.h>.
+
+q.  Changed the variable printing code (used by `set', `export', etc.) to
+    not use the $'...' syntax when in posix mode, since that caused
+    interoperability problems with other shells (most notably with autoconf).
+    When not in posix mode, it uses $'...' if the string to be printed
+    contains non-printing characters and regular single quotes otherwise.
+
+r.  snprintf now recognizes the %F conversion.
+
+s.  Fixed a bug that could cause the wrong status to be returned by a shell
+    function when the shell is compiled without job control and a null
+    command containing a command substutition was executed in the function.
+
+t.  When in posix mode, the default value for MAILCHECK is 600.
+
+u.  Bash only initializes FUNCNAME, GROUPS, and DIRSTACK as special variables
+    if they're not in the initial environment.
+
+v.  If SECONDS appears in the initial environment with a valid integer value,
+    bash uses that as the starting value, as if an assignment had been
+    performed.
+
+w.  Bash no longer auto-exports HOME, PATH, SHELL, or TERM, even though it
+    gives them default values if they don't appear in the initial environment.
+
+x.  Bash no longer auto-exports HOSTNAME, HOSTTYPE, MACHTYPE, or OSTYPE,
+    even if it assigns them default values.
+
+y.  Bash no longer removes the export attribute from SSH_CLIENT or SSH2_CLIENT
+    if they appear in the initial environment.
+
+z.  Bash no longer attempts to discover if it's being run by sshd in order to
+    run the startup files.  If the SSH_SOURCE_BASHRC is uncommented in
+    config-top.h it will attempt to do so as previously, but that's commented
+    out in the distributed version.
+
+aa. Fixed a typo in the code that tests for LC_NUMERIC.
+
+bb. The POSIXLY_CORRECT shell variable and its effects are now documented.
+
+cc. Some changes to several of the support shell scripts included in the
+    definitions to try to avoid race conditions and attacks.
+
+dd. Several changes to avoid warnings from `gcc -Wall'.
+
+ee. Fixed a problem with the `unset' builtin that could cause incorrect
+    results if asked to unset a variable and an array subscript in the
+    same command.
+
+ff. A few changes to the shell's temporary file creation code to avoid
+    potential file descriptor leaks and to prefer the system's idea of
+    the temporary directory to use.
+
+gg. Fixes to build with the C alloca in lib/malloc/alloca.c if the system
+    requires it but the shell has been configured --without-bash-malloc.
+
+hh. Updated the documentation to note that only interactive shells resend
+    SIGHUP to all jobs before exiting.
+
+ii. Fixes to only pass unquoted tilde words to tilde_expand, rather than
+    rely on tilde_expand or getpwnam(3) to handle the quotes (MacOS 10.x
+    will remove backslashes in any login name passed to getpwnam(3)).
+
+jj. Small change from Paul Eggert to make LINENO right in commands run with
+    `bash -c'.
+
+2.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  The `printf' builtin now handles the %a and %A conversions if they're
+    implemented by printf(3).
+
+b.  The `printf' builtin now handles the %F conversion (just about like %f).
+
+c.  The `printf' builtin now handles the %n conversion like printf(3).  The
+    corresponding argument is the name of a shell variable to which the
+    value is assigned.
+
+3.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Fixed a few places where negative array subscripts could have occurred.
+
+b.  Fixed the vi-mode code to use a better method to determine the bounds of
+    the array used to hold the marks.
+
+c.  Fixed the defines in chardefs.h to work better when chars are signed.
+
+d.  Fixed configure.in to use the new names for bash autoconf macros.
+
+e.  Readline no longer attempts to define its own versions of some ctype
+    macros if they are implemented as functions in libc but not as macros in
+    <ctype.h>.
+
+f.  Fixed a problem where rl_backward could possibly set point to before
+    the beginning of the line.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-beta1,
+and the previous version, bash-2.05a-alpha1.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed a bug in the evaluation of arithmetic `for' statements when the
+    expanded expression is NULL.
+
+b.  Fixed an unassigned variable problem in the redirection printing code.
+
+c.  Added more prototypes to extern function declarations in the header
+    files and to static function declarations in C source files.
+
+d.  Make sure called functions have a prototype in scope, to get the arguments
+    and return values right instead of casting.  Removed extern function
+    declarations from C source files that were already included in header
+    files.
+
+e.  Changed some function arguments to use function typedefs in general.h so
+    the prototypes can be checked.  The only use of Function and VFunction
+    now is for unwind-protects.
+
+f.  More const changes to function arguments and appropriate variables.
+
+g.  Changed the mail checking support to handle `maildir'-style mail
+    directories.
+
+h.  Augmented the bash malloc to pass in the file and line number information
+    for each malloc, realloc, and free.  This should result in better error
+    messages.
+
+i.  The `old' gnu malloc is no longer a configuration option.
+
+j.  Augmented the bash malloc with optional tracing and registering allocated
+    and freed memory.
+
+k.  Prompt string decoding now saves and restores the value of $? when it
+    expands the prompt string, so command substitutions don't change $?.
+
+i.  Array indices are now `long', since shell arithmetic is performed as long,
+    and the internal arrayind_t type is used consistently.
+
+j.  Some more `unsigned char *' fixes from Paul Eggert.
+
+k.  Fixed a bad call to builtin_error that could cause core dumps when making
+    local variables.
+
+l.  `return' may no longer be used to terminate a `select' command, for
+    compatibility with ksh.
+
+m.  Changed code that reads octal numbers to do a better job of detecting
+    overflows.
+
+n.  The time formatting code no longer uses absolute indices into a buffer,
+    because the buffer size changes depending on the size of a `time_t'.
+
+o.  `umask' now prints four digits when printing in octal mode, for
+    compatibility with other shells.
+
+p.  Lots of changes to the `printf' builtin from Paul Eggert:  it handles `L'
+    formats and long doubles better, and internal functions have been
+    simplified where appropriate.
+
+q.  Some `time_t' fixes for machines were a time_t is bigger than a long.
+
+r.  Replaced some bash-specific autoconf macros with standard equivalents.
+
+s.  Improvmed the code that constructs temporary filenames to make the
+    generated names a bit more random.
+
+t.  Added code that checks for ascii before calling any of the is* ctype
+    functions.
+
+u.  Changed some places where a `char' was used as an array subscript to use
+    `unsigned char', since a `char' can be negative if it's signed by default.
+
+v.  Lots of changes to the `ulimit' builtin from Paul Eggert to add support
+    for the new POSIX-200x RLIM_SAVED_CUR and RLIM_SAVED_MAX values and
+    simplify the code.
+
+w.  `ulimit' now prints the description of a resource in any error message
+    relating to fetching or setting that resource's limits.
+
+x.  The `snprintf' replacement now computes maximum values at compile
+    time rather than using huge constants for things like long long.
+
+y.  Interactive shells now ignore `set -n'.
+
+z.  Changed the malloc bookkeeping information so that it's now 8 bytes
+    instead of 12 on most 32-bit machines (saving 4 bytes per allocation),
+    restoring 8-byte alignment.
+
+aa. The malloc error reporting code now attempts to print the file and line
+    number of the call that caused the error.
+
+bb. Changed the redirection error reporting code to catch EBADF errors and
+    report the file descriptor number rather than the file being redirected
+    to or from (e.g., things like `exec 4242<x' where 4242 is an out-of-range
+    file descriptor).
+
+cc. `printf', `echo -e', and the $'...' code now process only two hex digits
+    after a `\x' escape sequence for compatibility with other shells, and
+    the documentation was changed to note that the octal and hex escape
+    sequences result in an eight-bit value rather than strict ASCII.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  The completion code now attempts to do a better job of preserving the
+    case of the word the user typed if ignoring case in completions.
+
+b.  Readline defaults to not echoing the input and lets the terminal
+    initialization code enable echoing if there is a controlling terminal.
+
+c.  The key binding code now processes only two hex digits after a `\x'
+    escape sequence, and the documentation was changed to note that the
+    octal and hex escape sequences result in an eight-bit value rather
+    than strict ASCII.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  The builtin `ulimit' now takes two new non-numeric arguments:  `hard',
+    meaning the current hard limit, and `soft', meaning the current soft
+    limit, in addition to `unlimited'
+
+b.  `ulimit' now prints the option letter associated with a particular
+    resource when printing more than one limit.
+
+c.  `ulimit' prints `hard' or `soft' when a value is not `unlimited' but is
+    one of RLIM_SAVED_MAX or RLIM_SAVED_CUR, respectively.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  New bindable variable `history-preserve-point'.  If set, the history
+    code attempts to place the user at the same location on each history
+    line retrieved with previous-history or next-history.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-alpha1,
+and the previous version, bash-2.05-release.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Better checks in the redirection code for write errors.
+
+b.  bashbug now uses $TMPDIR, defaulting to /tmp, and uses mktemp(1) more
+    portably.
+
+c.  System-specific configuration changes for:  Interix, OpenBSD, FreeBSD,
+    MacOS X.
+
+d.  Some more `const' cleanups through the code.
+
+e.  Fixed a typo in the /dev/fd redirection code, better checks for valid
+    numeric fds in /dev/fd.
+
+f.  Fixed many parts of the shell to handle integer overflow more gracefully
+    and to do more stringent checks for valid numbers.
+
+g.  Fixed mksignames to include config.h.
+
+h.  Fixed an uninitialized variable problem that could cause the shell to core
+    dump when replacing characters in a string.
+
+i.  New mechanism for updating the patch level when official patches are
+    released (patchlevel.h).
+
+j.  configure.in changed to no longer require external files _distribution and
+    _patchlevel.
+
+k.  Fixed non-interactive shell initialization problem when bash started as
+    `bash -i filename'.
+
+l.  Fixed printf builtin conversion error handling to be POSIX.2-conformant.
+
+m.  autoconf-2.52 is now used to build configure; autoconf-2.50 or newer is
+    required.  Some of the bash-specific macros were removed, since they are
+    now standard.
+
+n.  Startup files and files read with source or `.' are no longer required to
+    be regular files.
+
+o.  Fixed core dump in builtin printf when user-supplied precision or field
+    width is 0.
+
+p.  Fixed builtin printf to treat a negative field width as a positive field
+    width with left-justification.
+
+r.  New unwind-protect implementation from Paul Eggert.
+
+s.  Fixed an inadvertently-unclosed comment in the bash completion code that
+    caused programmable completions to not add trailing slashes or spaces to
+    completions.
+
+t.  Fixed the process substitution code to cope better when stdin is closed.
+
+v.  Fixes, mostly from Paul Eggert, for a few possible buffer overflows in
+    the shell.
+
+w.  Fixes from Paul Eggert to avoid most of the type casts in the shell code,
+    and use more appropriate types for a number of variables.
+
+x.  Command substitution no longer inherits the DEBUG trap.
+
+y.  Some fixes to the process substitution code on machines without /dev/fd so
+    that named pipes are not removed inappropriately.
+
+z.  The loadable `getconf' builtin is now much more complete, and will become
+    part of the shell in the future.
+
+aa. The select command no longer terminates on a `return', so it can be used
+    to return from an enclosing function (as ksh does it).
+
+bb. Fixed the extended pattern matching code to behave better when presented
+    with incorrectly-formed patterns.
+
+cc. Some changes were made with the intent of making cross-compilation easier.
+
+dd. The network code (/dev/tcp and /dev/udp redirections) uses getaddrinfo(3)
+    if it's available, which adds support for IPv6.
+
+ee. Subshells of login shells no longer source ~/.bash_logout when they exit.
+
+ff. Fixes so that subshells don't exit inappropriately if the -e option has
+    been set.
+
+gg. Restricted shells no longer allow functions to be exported.
+
+hh. Changes to the pattern matching code so extended pattern matching works
+    on systems with deficient shared library implementations, like MacOS X.
+
+ii. Better error messages when a script with a leading `#!interp' fails
+    to execute because of problems with `interp'.
+
+jj. Fixed `compgen' to handle the `-o default' option better.
+
+kk. Fixed the job control code to force an asynchronous process's standard
+    input to /dev/null only if job control is not active.
+
+ll. Fixed a possible infinite recursion problem when `fc ""=abc' (a null
+    pattern) is used to re-execute a previous command.
+
+mm. Fixed `declare [-a] var=value' to assign VALUE to element 0 if VAR is an
+    array variable.  Similarly for `declare [-a] var[N]=value'.  This is like
+    ksh93.
+
+nn. Fixed a bug that caused `read -a aname' to work even if ANAME had been
+    declared readonly.
+
+oo. Fixed a possible integer overflow problem when constructing names for
+    temporary files.
+
+2.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  Added support for DESTDIR installation root prefix, so you can do a
+    `make install DESTDIR=bash-root' and do easier binary packaging.
+
+b.  Added support for builtin printf "'" flag character as per latest POSIX
+    drafts.
+
+c.  Support for POSIX.2 printf(1) length specifiers `j', `t', and `z' (from
+    ISO C99).
+
+d.  New autoconf macro, RL_LIB_READLINE_VERSION, for use by other applications
+    (bash doesn't use very much of what it returns).
+
+e.  `set [-+]o nolog' is recognized as required by the latest POSIX drafts,
+    but ignored.
+
+f.  New read-only `shopt' option:  login_shell.  Set to non-zero value if the
+    shell is a login shell.
+
+g.  New `\A' prompt string escape sequence; expands to time in 24 HH:MM format.
+
+h.  New `-A group/-g' option to complete and compgen; does group name
+    completion.
+
+i.  New `-t' option to `hash' to list hash values for each filename argument.
+
+j.  New [-+]O invocation option to set and unset `shopt' options at startup.
+
+k.  configure's `--with-installed-readline' option now takes an optional
+    `=PATH' suffix to set the root of the tree where readline is installed
+    to PATH.
+
+l.  The ksh-like `ERR' trap has been added.  The `ERR' trap will be run
+    whenever the shell would have exited if the -e option were enabled.
+    It is not inherited by shell functions.
+
+m.  `readonly', `export', and `declare' now print variables which have been
+    given attributes but not set by assigning a value as just a command and
+    a variable name (like `export foo') when listing, as the latest POSIX
+    drafts require.
+
+n.  `bashbug' now requires that the subject be changed from the default.
+
+o.  configure has a new `--enable-largefile' option, like other GNU utilities.
+
+p.  `for' loops now allow empty word lists after `in', like the latest POSIX
+    drafts require.
+
+3.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  More `const' and type casting fixes.
+
+b.  Changed rl_message() to use vsnprintf(3) (if available) to fix buffer
+    overflow problems.
+
+c.  The completion code no longer appends a `/' or ` ' to a match when
+    completing a symbolic link that resolves to a directory name, unless
+    the match does not add anything to the word being completed.  This
+    means that a tab will complete the word up to the full name, but not
+    add anything, and a subsequent tab will add a slash.
+
+d.  Fixed a trivial typo that made the vi-mode `dT' command not work.
+
+e.  Fixed the tty code so that ^S and ^Q can be inserted with rl_quoted_insert.
+
+f.  Fixed the tty code so that ^V works more than once.
+
+g.  Changed the use of __P((...)) for function prototypes to PARAMS((...))
+    because the use of __P in typedefs conflicted g++ and glibc.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  Added extern declaration for rl_get_termcap to readline.h, making it a
+    public function (it was always there, just not in readline.h).
+
+b.  New #defines in readline.h:  RL_READLINE_VERSION, currently 0x0402,
+    RL_VERSION_MAJOR, currently 4, and RL_VERSION_MINOR, currently 2.
+
+c.  New readline variable:  rl_readline_version, mirrors RL_READLINE_VERSION.
+
+d.  New bindable boolean readline variable:  match-hidden-files.  Controls
+    completion of files beginning with a `.' (on Unix).  Enabled by default.
+
+e.  The history expansion code now allows any character to terminate a
+    `:first-' modifier, like csh.
+
+f.  The incremental search code remembers the last search string and uses
+    it if ^R^R is typed without a search string.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-release,
+and the previous version, bash-2.05-beta2.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Make sure we note that the first line of a multi-line command was not
+    saved in the history if the tests for HISTCONTROL succeed, but the
+    HISTIGNORE check fails.
+
+b.  Fixed a bug in the pattern matching code that caused `[' to be treated
+    as a special character inside a `[...]' bracket expression.
+
+c.  Fixed a bug in the pattern matching code that caused `]' to terminate
+    a bracket expression even if it was the first character after the `['
+    (or a leading `!' or `^').
+
+d.  Made a small change to report a more user-friendly error message if
+    execve(2) fails because of an error with the interpreter in a script
+    with a leading `#! interpreter'.
+
+e.  If the OS does not support an exec(2) magic number of `#!', make sure we
+    have a non-null interpreter name before attempting to execute it.
+
+f.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell process to end up in a different
+    process group than the controlling terminal if a job-control shell was
+    run with `exec' in the startup files.
+
+g.  When started in POSIX mode, either by `bash --posix', `bash -o posix', or
+    `sh', $SHELLOPTS includes `posix' and POSIXLY_CORRECT is set.
+
+h.  Fixed a problem that caused the `\W' prompt string escape sequence to
+    expand to nothing when $PWD was `//'.
+
+i.  The `bashbug' shell script no longer uses $(...) command substitution.
+
+j.  When `set' is invoked without options in POSIX mode, it no longer prints
+    the names and definitions of shell functions.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  rl_set_paren_blink_timeout() is now documented.
+
+b.  Corrected history.3 man page: `$' is not in the default value of
+    history_word_delimiters.
+
+c.  If a hook function assigned to rl_event_hook sets rl_done to a non-zero
+    value, rl_read_key() now immediately returns '\n' (which is assumed to
+    be bound to accept-line).
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  The `>&word' redirection now works in POSIX mode as it does by default,
+    since POSIX.2 leaves it unspecified.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-beta2,
+and the previous version, bash-2.05-beta1.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed a bug in the arithmetic evaluation code so that a^=b is supported.
+
+b.  Fixed startup so posixly_correct is retained across subshells begun to
+    execute scripts without a leading `#!'.
+
+c.  Fixed a bug that caused $(< file) to not work in a (...) subshell.
+
+d.  Added config support for Linux running on the IBM S390.
+
+e.  Fixed a bug that caused bash to get its input pointer out of sync when
+    reading commands through a pipe and running a command with standard
+    input redirected from a file.
+
+f.  Made a change so that command completion now makes about half as many
+    stat(2) calls when searching the $PATH.
+
+g.  Fixed a bug that caused variable assignments preceding `return' to not
+    be propagated to the shell environment in POSIX mode.
+
+h.  Fixed a bug with ${parameter[:]?word} -- tilde expansion was not performed
+    on `word'.
+
+i.  In POSIX mode, `break' and `continue' do not complain and return success
+    if called when the shell is not executing a loop.
+
+j.  Fixed `bash -o posix' to work the same as `bash --posix'.
+
+k.  Fixed a bug where variable assignments preceding `eval' or `source/.'
+    would not show up in the environment exported to subshells run by the
+    commands.
+
+l.  In POSIX mode, shells started to execute command substitutions inherit
+    the value of the `-e' option from their parent shell.
+
+m.  In POSIX mode, aliases are expanded even in non-interactive shells.
+
+n.  Changed some of the job control messages to display the text required by
+    POSIX.2 when the shell is in POSIX mode.
+
+o.  Fixed a bug in `test' that caused it to occasionally return incorrect
+    results when non-numeric arguments were supplied to `-t'.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Some changes were made to avoid gcc warnings with -Wall.
+
+b.  rl_get_keymap_by_name now finds keymaps case-insensitively, so
+    `set keymap EMACS' works.
+
+c.  The history file writing and truncation functions now return a useful
+    status on error.
+
+d.  Fixed a bug that could cause applications to dereference a NULL pointer
+    if a NULL second argument was passed to history_expand().
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  doc/readline.3 has been moved to the readline distribution.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  New function, rl_get_screen_size (int *rows, int *columns), returns
+    readline's idea of the screen dimensions.
+
+b.  The timeout in rl_gather_tyi (readline keyboard input polling function)
+    is now settable via a function (rl_set_keyboard_input_timeout()).
+
+c.  Renamed the max_input_history variable to history_max_entries; the old
+    variable is maintained for backwards compatibility.
+
+d.  The list of characters that separate words for the history tokenizer is
+    now settable with a variable:  history_word_delimiters.  The default
+    value is as before.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-beta1,
+and the previous version, bash-2.05-alpha1.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Changes to allow shared library and object building on the GNU Hurd.
+
+b.  Fixes to the way exported functions are placed into the environment and
+    cached.
+
+c.  The globbing library once again respects locales when processing ranges
+    in bracket expressions while doing pattern matching.
+
+d.  System-specific configuration changes for:  Tru 64, Interix
+
+e.  Bashbug now uses /usr/bin/editor as one of the editing alternatives, and
+    will use mktemp(1) or tempfile(1), if present, for temporary file creation.
+
+f.  Bash no longer performs a binary file check on a script argument that's
+    really a tty (like /dev/fd/0 or /dev/stdin).
+
+g.  Fixed a bug in the execution of shell scripts that caused the effects of
+    $BASH_ENV to be undone in some cases.
+
+h.  Fixed several bugs that made `bash [-i] /dev/stdin' not work correctly.
+
+i.  Several changes to the job control code to avoid some signal state
+    manipulation.
+
+j.  The Bash malloc no longer blocks signals as often, which should make it
+    faster.
+
+k.  Fixed a parsing bug that did not allow backslash to escape a single quote
+    inside a $'...' construct.
+
+l.  Fixed a bug that caused things like ${var:=$'value'} to be parsed
+    incorrectly.  This showed up in newer versions of autoconf.
+
+m.  Fixed a bug in the bash-specific readline initialization that caused
+    key bindings to bash-specific function names appearing in .inputrc to
+    not be honored.
+
+n.  Bash now sets the file descriptor it uses to save the file descriptor
+    opened on a shell script to close on exec.
+
+o.  Fixed a bug in the prompt string decoding that caused it to misbehave
+    when presented an octal sequence of fewer than three characters.
+
+p.  Fixed the `test' builtin to return an error if `[' is supplied a single
+    argument that is not `]'.
+
+q.  Fixed a bug that caused subshells started to run executable shell scripts
+    without a leading `#!' to incorrectly inherit an argument list preceding
+    a shell builtin (like such a script called from a script sourced with `.',
+    where there were variable assignments preceding the `.' command)
+
+r.  Fixed a bug that caused changes to variables supplied in an assignment
+    statement preceding a shell builtin to not be honored (like a script
+    run with `.').
+
+s.  HOSTTYPE, OSTYPE, and MACHTYPE are set only if they do not have values
+    when the shell is started.
+
+t.  Fixed a bug that caused SIGINT to kill shell scripts after the script
+    called `wait'.
+
+u.  The `fc' builtin now tries to create its temporary files in the directory
+    named by $TMPDIR.
+
+v.  Bash no longer calls any Readline functions or uses any Readline variables
+    not declared in readline.h.
+
+w.  Fixed a bug that caused some substitutions involving $@ to not be split
+    correctly, especially expansions of the form ${paramterOPword}.
+
+x.  SSH2_CLIENT is now treated like SSH_CLIENT and not auto-exported if it
+    appears in the initial environment.
+
+y.  Fixed a couple of problems with shell scripts without a leading `#!'
+    being executed out of shell functions that could cause core dumps if
+    such a script attempted to execute `return'.
+
+z.  Fixed a problem with the `-nt' and `-ot' binary operators for the
+    `test/[' builtin and the `[[' conditional command that caused wrong
+    return values if one of the file arguments did not exist.
+
+aa. Fixed a bug that caused non-interactive shells which had previously
+    executed `shopt -s expand_aliases' to fail to expand aliases in a
+    command like `(command) &'.
+ 
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Changes to make most (but not yet all -- there is still crlf()) of the
+    exported readline functions declared in readline.h have an rl_ prefix.
+
+b.  More `const' changes in function arguments, mostly for completion
+    functions.
+
+c.  Fixed a bug in rl_forward that could cause the point to be set to before
+    the beginning of the line in vi mode.
+
+d.  Fixed a bug in the callback read-char interface to make it work when a
+    readline function pushes some input onto the input stream with
+    rl_execute_next (like the incremental search functions).
+
+e.  Fixed a file descriptor leak in the history file manipulation code that
+    was tripped when attempting to truncate a non-regular file (like
+    /dev/null).
+
+f.  Some existing variables are now documented and part of the public
+    interface (declared in readline.h):  rl_explict_arg, rl_numeric_arg,
+    rl_editing_mode, rl_last_func.
+
+g.  Renamed rltty_set_default_bindings to rl_tty_set_default_bindings and
+    crlf to rl_crlf, so there are no public functions declared in readline.h
+    without an `rl_' prefix.  The old functions still exist for backwards
+    compatibility.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  A new loadable builtin, realpath, which canonicalizes and expands symlinks
+    in pathname arguments.
+
+b.  When `set' is called without options, it prints function definitions in a
+    way that allows them to be reused as input.  This affects `declare' and
+    `declare -p' as well.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  New application-callable function rl_set_prompt(const char *prompt):
+    expands its prompt string argument and sets rl_prompt to the result.
+
+b.  New application-callable function rl_set_screen_size(int rows, int cols):
+    public method for applications to set readline's idea of the screen
+    dimensions.
+
+c.  The history example program (examples/histexamp.c) is now built as one
+    of the examples.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-alpha1,
+and the previous version, bash-2.04-release.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  A fix was made to allow newlines in compond array assignments.
+
+b.  configure now checks for real-time signals with unusable values.
+
+c.  Interactive shells no longer exit if a substitution fails because of an
+    unset variable within a sourced file.
+
+d.  Fixed a problem with incorrect matching of extended glob patterns when
+    doing pattern substitution.
+
+e.  `{' is now quoted by the completion code when it appears in a filename.
+
+f.  Fixed an error in pattern matching that caused the matcher to not
+    correctly skip the rest of a bracket expression after a character
+    matched.
+
+g.  Fixed a bug in the IFS word splitting code to make a non-whitespace IFS
+    character preceded by IFS whitespace part of the current delimiter rather
+    than generating a separate field.
+
+h.  The {!prefix@} expansion now generates separate words, analogous to $@,
+    when double-quoted.
+
+i.  Command substitution now ignores NUL bytes in the command output, and the
+    parser ignores them on input.
+
+j.  A fix was made to the job control code to prevent hanging processes when
+    the shell thinks background processes are running but the kernel returns
+    -1/ECHILD from waitpid().
+
+k.  `pwd' now prints an error message if the write fails when displaying the
+    current directory.
+
+l.  When in POSIX mode, the shell prints trap dispostions without a leading
+    `SIG' in the signal specification.
+
+m.  Fixed a parser bug that caused the current command's line count to be
+    messed up by a compound array assignment.
+
+n.  Fixed a bug in the unwind-protect code that caused bad behavior on machines
+    where ints and pointers are not the same size.
+
+o.  System-specific configure changes for:  MacOS X.
+
+p.  Changes for Cygwin to translate \r\n and \r to \n and to set file
+    descriptors used for reading input to text mode in various places.
+
+q.  Fixed a bug that caused `!' to occasionally not be honored when in
+    a (...) subshell.
+
+r.  Bash no longer assumes that getcwd() will return any useful error message
+    in the buffer passed as an argument if the call fails.
+
+s.  The `source', `.', and `fc' builtins no longer check whether a file is
+    binary before reading commands from it.
+
+t.  Subshells no longer turn off job control when they exit, since that
+    sometimes resulted in the terminal being reset to the wrong process
+    group.
+
+u.  The history code no longer tries to save the second and subsequent lines
+    of a multi-line command if the first line was not saved.
+
+v.  The history saving code now does a better job of saving blank lines in a
+    multi-line command.
+
+w.  Removed a `feature' that made `ulimit' silently translate `unlimited' to
+    the current hard limit, which obscured some kernel error returns.
+
+x.  Fixed the grammar so that `}' is recognized as a reserved word after
+    another reserved word, rather than requiring a `;' or newline.  This
+    means that constructs like
+
+	{ { echo a b c ; } }
+
+    work as expected.
+
+y.  Conditional commands ([[...]]) now perform tilde expansion on their
+    arguments.
+
+z.  Noted in the documentation that `set -a' will cause functions to be
+    exported if they are defined after `set -a' is executed.
+
+aa. When an interactive login shell starts, if $PWD and $HOME refer to the
+    same directory but are not the same string, $PWD is set to $HOME.
+
+bb. Fixed `printf' to handle invalid floating point numbers better.
+
+cc. Temporary files are now created with random filenames, to improve security.
+
+dd. The readline initialization code now binds the custom bash functions and
+    key bindings after the readline defaults are set up.
+
+ee. Fixed the `source' builtin to no longer overwrite a shell function's
+    argument list, even if the sourced file changes the positional parameters.
+
+ff. A bug fix was made in the expansion of `$*' in contexts where it should
+    not be split, like assignment statements.
+
+gg. Fixed a bug in the parameter substring expansion to handle conditional
+    arithmetic expressions ( exp ? val1 : val2 ) without cutting the expression
+    off at the wrong `:'.
+
+hh. The `<>' redirection is no longer subject to the current setting of
+    `noclobber', as POSIX.2 specifies.
+
+ii. Fixed a bug in the conditional command parsing code that caused expressions
+    in parentheses to occasionally be parsed incorrectly.
+
+jj. Fixed a bug in the ((...)) arithmetic command to allow do...done or
+    {...} to follow the )) without an intervening list terminator.
+
+kk. `printf' now treats `\E' the same as `\e' when performing backslash escape
+    expansion for the `%b' format specifier.
+
+ll. When in POSIX mode, the shell no longer searches the current directory for
+    a file to be sourced with `.' or `source' if `.' is not in $PATH.
+
+mm. Interactive comments are no longer turned off when POSIX mode is disabled.
+
+nn. The UID, EUID, HOSTNAME variables are not set if they are in the shell's
+    environment when it starts up.
+
+oo. Fixed a bug in the `command' builtin so the effect of a command like
+    `command exec 4<file' is as if the `command' had been omitted.
+
+pp. ${foo[@]} and ${foo[*]} now work as in ksh93 if `foo' is not an array
+    variable.
+
+qq. ${#foo[X]}, where X is 0, @, or *, now work as in ksh93 if `foo' is not
+    an array variable.
+
+rr. The shell's idea of an absolute pathname now takes into account a
+    possible drive specification on Cygwin and other Windows systems.
+
+ss. Fixed a bug which caused incorrect parsing of some multi-character
+    constructs if they were split across input lines with backslash-newline
+    line continuation.
+
+tt. Fixed a bug that caused restricted shell mode to be set inappropriately
+    when trying to execute a shell script without a leading `#!'.
+
+uu. Shell function definitions no longer require that the body be a group
+    command ( {...} ), as POSIX.2 requires.
+
+vv. The `cd' and `pwd' builtins now process symlinks in pathnames internally
+    and should require many fewer calls to getcwd().
+
+ww. Fixed a bug that caused a pipeline's process group to be set incorrectly
+    if one of the pipeline elements contained a command substitution.
+
+xx. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when expanding the value of HISTIGNORE.
+
+yy. The output of `set' is now quoted using $'...' so invisible characters are
+    displayed as escape sequences.
+
+zz. Fixed the help text for `unset', since PATH and IFS may both be unset.
+
+aaa. The shell no longer puts directory names into the command hash table.
+
+bbb. Fixed a bug in `read' that caused it to occasionally free memory twice if
+     it was interrupted after reading a large amount of data.
+
+ccc. Assignment statements that attempt to assign values to readonly variables
+     now cause the command to return an error status.
+
+ddd. Fixed a bug that could cause incorrect output if a $(<file) construct was
+     interrupted.
+
+eee. GROUPS and FUNCNAME now return an error status when assignment is
+     attempted, but may be unset (in which case they lose their special
+     properties).  In all respects except unsetting, they are readonly.
+
+fff. The string-to-integer conversion code now ignores trailing whitespace in
+     the string, even if strtol(3) does not.
+
+ggg. The tcsh magic-space function now does a better job of inserting the
+     space close to where the point was before the history expansion, rather
+     than just appending it.
+
+hhh. Fixed a bug which caused a file sourced from an interactive shell to
+     fill up the jobs table if it ran lots of jobs.
+
+iii. Fixed a bug in the parameter pattern substitution code to avoid infinite
+     recursion on zero-length matches.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  When setting the terminal attributes on systems using `struct termio',
+    readline waits for output to drain before changing the attributes.
+
+b.  A fix was made to the history word tokenization code to avoid attempts to
+    dereference a null pointer.
+
+c.  Readline now defaults rl_terminal_name to $TERM if the calling application
+    has left it unset, and tries to initialize with the resultant value.
+
+d.  Instead of calling (*rl_getc_function)() directly to get input in certain
+    places, readline now calls rl_read_key() consistently.
+
+e.  Fixed a bug in the completion code that allowed a backslash to quote a
+    single quote inside a single-quoted string.
+
+f.  rl_prompt is no longer assigned directly from the argument to readline(),
+    but uses memory allocated by readline.  This allows constant strings to
+    be passed to readline without problems arising when the prompt processing
+    code wants to modify the string.
+
+g.  Fixed a bug that caused non-interactive history searches to return the
+    wrong line when performing multiple searches backward for the same string.
+
+h.  Many variables, function arguments, and function return values are now
+    declared `const' where appropriate, to improve behavior when linking with
+    C++ code.
+
+i.  The control character detection code now works better on systems where
+    `char' is unsigned by default.
+
+j.  The vi-mode numeric argument is now capped at 999999, just like emacs mode.
+
+k.  The Function, CPFunction, CPPFunction, and VFunction typedefs have been
+    replaced with a set of specific prototyped typedefs, though they are
+    still in the readline header files for backwards compatibility.
+
+m.  Nearly all of the (undocumented) internal global variables in the library
+    now have an _rl_ prefix -- there were a number that did not, like
+    screenheight, screenwidth, alphabetic, etc.
+
+n.  The ding() convenience function has been renamed to rl_ding(), though the
+    old function is still defined for backwards compatibility.
+
+o.  The completion convenience functions filename_completion_function,
+    username_completion_function, and completion_matches now have an rl_
+    prefix, though the old names are still defined for backwards compatibility.
+
+p.  The functions shared by readline and bash (linkage is satisfied from bash
+    when compiling with bash, and internally otherwise) now have an sh_ prefix.
+
+q.  Changed the shared library creation procedure on Linux and BSD/OS 4.x so
+    that the `soname' contains only the major version number rather than the
+    major and minor numbers.
+
+r.  Fixed a redisplay bug that occurred when the prompt spanned more than one
+    physical line and contained invisible characters.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  Added a new `--init-file' invocation argument as a synonym for `--rcfile',
+    per the new GNU coding standards.
+
+b.  The /dev/tcp and /dev/udp redirections now accept service names as well as
+    port numbers.
+
+c.  `complete' and `compgen' now take a `-o value' option, which controls some
+    of the aspects of that compspec.  Valid values are:
+
+	default - perform bash default completion if programmable
+		  completion produces no matches
+	dirnames - perform directory name completion if programmable
+		   completion produces no matches
+	filenames - tell readline that the compspec produces filenames,
+		    so it can do things like append slashes to
+		    directory names and suppress trailing spaces
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  The blink timeout for paren matching is now settable by applications.
+
+b.  _rl_executing_macro has been renamed to rl_executing_macro, which means
+    it's now part of the public interface.
+
+c.  Readline has a new variable, rl_readline_state, which is a bitmap that
+    encapsulates the current state of the library; intended for use by
+    callbacks and hook functions.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-release,
+and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta5.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Better compile-time and configure-time checks for the necessity of
+    inet_aton().
+
+b.  A bug was fixed in the expansion of "${@:-}" when there are positional
+    parameters.
+
+c.  A typo was fixed in the output of `complete'.
+
+d.  The matches generated for a word by the `-W' argument to complete and
+    compgen are now matched against the word being completed, and only
+    matches are returned as the result.
+
+e.  Some fixes were made for systems which do not restart read(2) when a
+    signal caught by bash is received.
+
+f.  A bug was fixed which caused the umask to be set to 0 when an invalid
+    symbolic mode mask was parsed.
+
+g.  Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if a SIGCHLD was received while
+    performing an assignment statement using command substitution.
+
+h.  Changed the word splitting function for programmable completion so cases
+    in which the cursor is between words are handled a bit better.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  rl_funmap_names() is now documented.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  The LC_NUMERIC variable is now treated specially, and used to set the
+    LC_NUMERIC locale category for number formatting, e.g., when `printf'
+    displays floating-point numbers.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta5,
+and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta4.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  A couple of changes were made to the Makefiles for easier building on
+    non-Unix systems.
+
+b.  Fixed a bug where the current prompt would be set to $PS2 at startup.
+
+c.  The shell script that tests an already-installed version was changed to
+    remove the directory it created its test programs in at exit.
+
+d.  Several changes were made to the code that tokenizes an input line for
+    the programmable completion code.  Shell metacharacters will now appear
+    as individual words in the word list passed to the completion functions.
+    Some of the example completion shell functions were changed to understand
+    redirection operators.
+
+e.  A bug was fixed that, under obscure circumstances, could confuse the
+    parser when a shell function was run by the programmable completion code.
+
+f.  A bug was fixed in the ulimit builtin for systems not using getrlimit().
+
+g.  The execution code now propagates the correct exit status back to the rest
+    of the code if the return value of a subshell command was being inverted.
+    Some new test cases for inverting return values with the `!' reserved
+    word have been added.
+
+h.  Negative exponents in the arithmetic evaluation of v**e now return an
+    evaluation error.
+
+i.  A bug that caused bash to check the wrong process in a pipeline for
+    abnormal termination (and consequently resetting the terminal attributes)
+    was fixed.
+
+j.  Fixed a bug that caused $PS2 to be displayed after PROMPT_COMMAND was
+    executed.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+1.  Fixed a bug in a C preprocessor define that caused the keypad control
+    functions to be compiled out for all platforms except DJGPP.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta4,
+and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta3.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  A couple of changes were made to the redirection to attempt to avoid
+    race conditions and malicious file replacement.
+
+2.  A change was made to the string evaluation code (used for command 
+    substitution, `eval', and the `.' builtin) to fix an obscure core
+    dump on alpha machines.
+
+3.  A bug that caused $LINENO to be wrong when executing arithmetic for
+    commands was fixed.
+
+4.  A couple of memory leaks in the programmable completion code were fixed.
+
+5.  A bug that could cause a core dump by freeing memory twice during a call
+    to `eval' if `set -u' had been enabled and an undefined variable was
+    referenced was fixed.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta3,
+and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta2.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Bash should run the appropriate startup files when invoked by ssh2.
+
+b.  Fixed a bug in the parsing of conditional commands that could cause a
+    core dump.
+
+c.  Fixed a bug in parsing job specifications that occasionally caused
+    core dumps when an out-of-range job was referenced.
+
+d.  Fixed the `type' and `command' builtins to do better reporting of
+    commands that are not found in $PATH or the hash table.
+
+e.  Fixed a POSIX.2 compliance problem in the command builtin -- commands
+    are supposed to be reported as full pathnames.
+
+f.  The `echo' builtin now returns failure if a write error occurs.
+
+g.  Fixed a bug which caused the locale to not be reset correctly when
+    LC_ALL was unset.
+
+h.  Changed description of `getopts' in man page and reference manual to make
+    it clear that option characters may be characters other than letters.
+
+i.  If the shell exits while in a function, make sure that any trap on EXIT
+    doesn't think the function is still executing.
+
+j.  Bashbug now tries harder to find a usable editor if $EDITOR is not set,
+    rather than simply defaulting to `emacs'.
+
+k.  Changes to the scripts that guess and canonicalize the system type, from
+    the latest `automake' distribution via Debian.
+
+l.  When using named pipes for process substitution, make sure the file
+    descriptors opened for reading are set to non-blocking mode.
+
+m.  Fixed a bug that caused termination of pipelines that are killed by a
+    signal to not be reported in some cases.
+
+n.  When not in literal-history mode, shell comment lines are not added to
+    the history list.
+
+o.  When running in POSIX.2 mode, bash no longer performs word splitting on
+    the expanded value of the word supplied as the filename argument to
+    redirection operators.
+
+p.  The prompt string decoding code now backslash-quotes only characters that
+    are special within double quotes when expanding the \w and \W escape
+    sequences.
+
+q.  Fixed a bug in the prompt decoding code that could cause a non-interactive
+    shell to seg fault if `\u' was used in PS4 and the shell was in xtrace
+    mode.
+
+r.  Fixed a bug that caused function definitions to be printed with any
+    redirections that should be attached to the entire function before the
+    closing brace.
+
+s.  Changed the tilde expansion code for Cygwin systems to avoid creating
+    pathnames beginning with `//' if $HOME == `/'.
+
+t.  Fixed a couple of autoconf tests to avoid creating files with fixed names
+    in /tmp.
+
+u.  The `trap' and `kill' builtins now know the names of the POSIX.1b real-
+    time signals on systems which support them.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Fixed a problem with the single-quote quoting function that could cause
+    buffer overflows.
+
+b.  Fixed a bug that caused incorrect `stat characters' to be printed if
+    the files being completed were in the root directory and visible-stats
+    was enabled.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  There is a new `rbash.1' manual page, from the Debian release.
+
+b.  The `--enable-usg-echo-default' option to `configure' has been renamed to
+    `--enable-xpg-echo-default'.  The old option is still there for backwards
+    compatibility.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta2,
+and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta1.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed a bug that could cause pipes to be closed inappropriately in
+    some obscure cases.
+
+b.  Fixed a bug that caused creation of the exported environment to clobber
+    the current command string if there were any exported shell functions.
+
+c.  Some changes were made to reduce bash's memory usage.
+
+d.  Fixed a problem with programmable completion and filenames to be
+    completed containing quote characters.
+
+e.  Changed the code the removes named pipes created for the <(...) and >(...)
+    expansions to defer removal until after any current shell function has
+    finished executing.
+
+f.  Fixed a bug in `select' which caused it to not handle the `continue'
+    builtin correctly.
+
+g.  Autoconf tests added for cygwin32 and mingw32.
+
+2.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  The `--with-bash-malloc' configure option replaces `--with-gnu-malloc'
+    (which is still there for backwards compatibility).
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta1,
+and the previous version, bash-2.04-alpha1.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed a bug in the programmable completion code that occurred when
+    trying to complete command lines containing a `;' or `@'.
+
+b.  The file descriptor from which the shell is reading a script is now
+    moved to a file descriptor above the user-addressible range.
+
+c.  Changes to `printf' so that it can handle integers beginning with 0
+    or 0x as octal and hex, respectively.
+
+d.  Fixes to the programmable completion code so it handles nonsense like
+    `compgen -C xyz' gracefully.
+
+e.  The shell no longer modifies the signal handler for SIGPROF, allowing
+    profiling again on certain systems.
+
+f.  The shell checks for a new window size, if the user has requested it,
+    after a process exits due to a signal.
+
+g.  Fixed a bug with variables with null values in a program's temporary
+    environment and the bash getenv() replacement.
+
+h.  `declare' and the other builtins that take variable assignments as
+    arguments now honor `set -a' and mark modified variables for export.
+
+i.  Some changes were made for --dump-po-strings mode when writing strings
+    with embedded newlines.
+
+j.  The code that caches export strings from the initial environment now
+    duplicates the string rather than just pointing into the environment.
+
+k.  The filename completion quoting code now uses single quotes by default
+    if the filename being completed contains newlines, since \<newline>
+    has a special meaning to the parser.
+
+l.  Bash now uses typedefs bits32_t and u_bits32_t instead of int32_t and
+    u_int32_t, respectively to avoid conflicts on certain Unix versions.
+
+m.  Configuration changes were made for: Rhapsody, Mac OS, FreeBSD-3.x.
+
+n.  Fixed a problem with hostname-to-ip-address translation in the
+    /dev/(tcp|udp)/hostname/port redirection code.
+
+o.  The texinfo manual has been reorganized slightly.
+
+p.  Filename generation (globbing) range comparisons in bracket expressions
+    no longer use strcoll(3) even if it is available, since it has unwanted
+    effects in certain locales.
+
+q.  Fixed a cosmetic problem in the source that caused the shell to not
+    compile if DPAREN_ARITHMETIC was not defined but ARITH_FOR_COMMAND was.
+
+r.  Fixed a bug in the here-document code tripped when the file descriptor
+    opened to the file containing the text of the here document was the
+    same as a redirector specified by the user.
+
+s.  Fixed a bug where the INVERT_RETURN flag was not being set for `pipeline'
+    in `time ! pipeline'.
+
+t.  Fixed a bug with the `wait' builtin which manifested itself when an
+    interrupt was received while the shell was waiting for asynchronous
+    processes in a shell script.
+
+u.  Fixed the DEBUG trap code so that it has the correct value of $?.
+
+v.  Fixed a bug in the parameter pattern substitution code that could cause
+    the shell to attempt to free unallocated memory if the pattern started
+    with `/' and an expansion error occurs.
+
+w.  Fixed a bug in the positional parameter substring code that could
+    cause the shell to loop freeing freed memory.
+
+x.  Fixed a bug in the positional parameter pattern substitution code so
+    that it correctly handles null replacement strings with a pattern
+    string prefixed with `%' or `#'.
+
+y.  The shell no longer attempts to import functions from the environment if
+    started with `-n'.
+
+z.  Fixed a bug that caused `return' in a command substitution executed in
+    a shell function to return from the function in a subshell and continue
+    execution.
+
+aa. `hash -p /pathname/with/slashes name' is no longer allowed when the shell
+    is restricted.
+
+bb. The wait* job control functions now behave better if called when there
+    are no unwaited-for children.
+
+cc. Command substitution no longer unconditionally disables job control in
+    the subshell started to run the command.
+
+dd. A bug was fixed that occasionally caused traps to mess up the parser
+    state.
+
+ee. `bashbug' now honors user headers in the mail message it sends.
+
+ff. A bug was fixed that caused the `:p' history modifier to not print the
+    history expansion if the `histverify' option was set.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Fixed a bug in the redisplay code for lines with more than 256 line
+    breaks.
+
+b.  A bug was fixed which caused invisible character markers to not be
+    stripped from the prompt string if the terminal was in no-echo mode.
+
+c.  Readline no longer tries to get the variables it needs for redisplay
+    from the termcap entry if the calling application has specified its
+    own redisplay function.  Readline treats the terminal as `dumb' in
+    this case.
+
+d.  Fixes to the SIGWINCH code so that a multiple-line prompt with escape
+    sequences is redrawn correctly.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  `bashbug' now accepts `--help' and `--version' options.
+
+b.  There is a new `xpg_echo' option to `shopt' that controls the behavior
+    of echo with respect to backslash-escaped characters at runtime.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-alpha1,
+and the previous version, bash-2.04-devel.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps when performing substring
+    expansion.
+
+b.  Shared object configuration changes for:  Solaris, OSF/1
+
+c.  The POSIX_GLOB_LIBRARY code that uses the POSIX.2 globbing facilities
+    for pathname expansion now understands GLOBIGNORE.
+
+d.  The code that implements `eval' was changed to save the value of the
+    current prompt, so an eval in a shell function called by the programmable
+    completion code will not change the prompt to $PS2.
+
+e.  Restored the undocumented NON_INTERACTIVE_LOGIN_SHELLS #define to
+    config-top.h.  If this is defined, all login shells will read the
+    startup files, not just interactive and non-interactive started with
+    the `--login' option.
+
+f.  Fixed a bug that caused the expansion code to occasionally dump core if
+    IFS contained characters > 128.
+
+g.  Fixed a problem with the grammar so that a newline is not required
+    after the `))' in the new-style arithmetic for statement; a semicolon
+    may be used as expected.
+
+h.  Variable indirection may now reference the shell's special variables.
+
+i.  The $'...' and $"..." constructs are now added to the history correctly
+    if they contain newlines and command-oriented history is enabled.
+
+j.  It is now an error to try to assign a value to a function-local copy
+    of a readonly shell variable (declared with the `local' builtin).
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  The history file code now uses O_BINARY mode when reading and writing
+    the history file on cygwin32.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  A new programmable completion facility, with two new builtin commands:
+    complete and compgen.
+
+b.  configure has a new option, `--enable-progcomp', to compile in the
+    programmable completion features (enabled by default).
+
+c.  `shopt' has a new option, `progcomp', to enable and disable programmable
+    completion at runtime.
+
+d.  Unsetting HOSTFILE now clears the list of hostnames used for completion.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  A new variable, rl_gnu_readline_p, always 1.  The intent is that an
+    application can verify whether or not it is linked with the `real'
+    readline library or some substitute.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-devel,
+and the previous version, bash-2.03-release.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  System-specific configuration and source changes for:  Interix, Rhapsody
+
+b.  Fixed a bug in execute_cmd.c that resulted in a compile-time error if
+    JOB_CONTROL was not defined.
+
+c.  An obscure race condition in the trap code was fixed.
+
+d.  The string resulting from $'...' is now requoted to avoid any further
+    expansion.
+
+e.  The $'...' quoting syntax now allows backslash to escape a single quote,
+    for ksh-93 compatibility.
+
+f.  The $"..." quoting syntax now escapes backslashes and double quotes in
+    the translated string when displaying them with the --dump-po-strings
+    option.
+
+g.  `echo -e' no longer converts \' to '.
+
+h.  Fixes were made to the extended globbing code to handle embedded (...)
+    patterns better.
+
+i.  Some improvements were made to the code that unsets `nodelay' mode on
+    the file descriptor from which bash is reading input.
+
+j.  Some changes were made to the replacement termcap library for better
+    operation on MS-DOS.
+
+k.  Some changes were made to the tilde expansion code to handle backslash
+    as a pathname separator on MS-DOS.
+
+l.  The source has been reorganized a little bit -- there is now an `include'
+    subdirectory, and lib/posixheaders has been removed.
+
+m.  Improvements were made to the `read' builtin so that it makes many
+    fewer read(2) system calls.
+
+n.  The expansion of $- will include `c' and `s' when those options are
+    supplied at shell invocation.
+
+o.  Several improvements were made to the completion code:  variable completion
+    now works better when there are unterminated expansions, command
+    completion understands quotes better, and completion now works in certain
+    unclosed $(... constructs.
+
+p.  The arithmetic expansion code was fixed to not need the value of a
+    variable being assigned a value (fixes the "ss=09; let ss=10" bug).
+
+q.  Some changes were made to make exported environment creation faster.
+
+r.  The html documentation will be installed into $(htmldir) if that variable
+    has a value when `make install' is run.
+
+s.  Fixed a bug that would cause the bashrc file to be sourced inappropriately
+    when bash is started by sshd.
+
+t.  The SSH_CLIENT environment variable is no longer auto-exported.
+
+u.  A bug that caused redirections with (...) subshells to be performed in
+    the wrong order was fixed.
+
+v.  A bug that occasionally caused inappropriate expansion of assignment
+    statements in compound array assignments was fixed.
+
+w.  The code that parses the words in a compound array assignment was
+    simplified considerably and should work better now.
+
+x.  Fixes to the non-job-control code in nojobs.c to make it POSIX.2-compliant
+    when a user attempts to retrieve the status of a terminated background
+    process.
+
+y.  Fixes to the `printf' builtin so that it doesn't try to expand all
+    backslash escape sequences in the format string before parsing it for
+    % format specifiers.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  The history library tries to truncate the history file only if it is a
+    regular file.
+
+b.  A bug that caused _rl_dispatch to address negative array indices on
+    systems with signed chars was fixed.
+
+c.  rl-yank-nth-arg now leaves the history position the same as when it was
+    called.
+
+d.  Changes to the completion code to handle MS-DOS drive-letter:pathname
+    filenames.
+
+e.  Completion is now case-insensitive by default on MS-DOS.
+
+f.  Fixes to the history file manipulation code for MS-DOS.
+
+g.  Readline attempts to bind the arrow keys to appropriate defaults on MS-DOS.
+
+h.  Some fixes were made to the redisplay code for better operation on MS-DOS.
+
+i.  The quoted-insert code will now insert tty special chars like ^C.
+
+j.  A bug was fixed that caused the display code to reference memory before
+    the start of the prompt string.
+
+k.  More support for __EMX__ (OS/2).
+
+l.  A bug was fixed in readline's signal handling that could cause infinite
+    recursion in signal handlers.
+
+m.  A bug was fixed that caused the point to be less than zero when rl_forward
+    was given a very large numeric argument.
+
+n.  The vi-mode code now gets characters via the application-settable value
+    of rl_getc_function rather than calling rl_getc directly.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  The history builtin has a `-d offset' option to delete the history entry
+    at position `offset'.
+
+b.  The prompt expansion code has two new escape sequences: \j, the number of
+    active jobs; and \l, the basename of the shell's tty device name.
+
+c.  The `bind' builtin has a new `-x' option to bind key sequences to shell
+    commands.
+
+d.  There is a new shell option, no_empty_command_completion, which, when
+    enabled, disables command completion when TAB is typed on an empty line.
+
+e.  The `help' builtin has a `-s' option to just print a builtin's usage
+    synopsis.
+
+f.  There are several new arithmetic operators:  id++, id-- (variable
+    post-increment/decrement), ++id, --id (variabl pre-increment/decrement),
+    expr1 , expr2 (comma operator).
+
+g.  There is a new ksh-93 style arithmetic for command:
+	for ((expr1 ; expr2; expr3 )); do list; done
+
+h.  The `read' builtin has a number of new options:
+	-t timeout	only wait timeout seconds for input
+	-n nchars	only read nchars from input instead of a full line
+	-d delim	read until delim rather than newline
+	-s		don't echo input chars as they are read
+
+i.  The redirection code now handles several filenames specially:
+    /dev/fd/N, /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, and /dev/stderr, whether or
+    not they are present in the file system.
+
+j.  The redirection code now recognizes pathnames of the form
+    /dev/tcp/host/port and /dev/udp/host/port, and tries to open a socket
+    of the appropriate type to the specified port on the specified host.
+
+k.  The ksh-93 ${!prefix*} expansion, which expands to the names of all
+    shell variables whose names start with prefix, has been implemented.
+
+l.  There is a new dynamic variable, FUNCNAME, which expands to the name of
+    a currently-executing function.  Assignments to FUNCNAME have no effect.
+
+m.  The GROUPS variable is no longer readonly; assignments to it are silently
+    discarded.  This means it can be unset.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  Parentheses matching is now always compiled into readline, and enabled
+    or disabled when the value of the `blink-matching-paren' variable is
+    changed.
+
+b.  MS-DOS systems now use ~/_inputrc as the last-ditch inputrc filename.
+
+c.  MS-DOS systems now use ~/_history as the default history file.
+
+d.  history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the point at the end of the
+    line when the string to search for is empty, like
+    {reverse,forward}-search-history.
+
+e.  history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the last history line found
+    in the readline buffer if the second or subsequent search fails.
+
+f.  New function for use by applications:  rl_on_new_line_with_prompt, used
+    when an application displays the prompt itself before calling readline().
+
+g.  New variable for use by applications:  rl_already_prompted.  An application
+    that displays the prompt itself before calling readline() must set this to
+    a non-zero value.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-release,
+and the previous version, bash-2.03-beta2.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  A file descriptor leak in the `fc' builtin was fixed.
+
+b.  A bug was fixed in the `read' builtin that caused occasional spurious
+    failures when using `read -e'.
+
+c.  The version code needed to use the value of the cpp variable
+    CONF_MACHTYPE rather than MACHTYPE.
+
+d.  A new test was added to exercise the command printing and copying code.
+
+e.  A bug was fixed that caused `time' to be recognized as a reserved word
+    if it was the first pattern in a `case' statement pattern list.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-beta2,
+and the previous version, bash-2.03-beta1.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Slight additions to support/shobj-conf, mostly for the benefit of AIX 4.2.
+
+b.  config.{guess,sub} support added for the NEC SX4.
+
+c.  Changed some of the cross-compiling sections of the configure macros in
+    aclocal.m4 so that configure won't abort.
+
+d.  Slight changes to how the HTML versions of the bash and readline manuals
+    are generated.
+
+e.  Fixed conditional command printing to avoid interpreting printf `%'-escapes
+    in arguments to [[.
+
+f.  Don't include the bash malloc on all variants of the alpha processor.
+
+g.  Changes to configure to make --enable-profiling work on Solaris 2.x.
+
+h.  Fixed a bug that manifested itself when shell functions were called
+    between calls to `getopts'.
+
+i.  Fixed pattern substitution so that a bare `#'as a pattern causes the
+    replacement string to be prefixed to the search string, and a bare
+    `%' causes the replacement string to be appended to the search string.
+
+j.  Fixed a bug in the command execution code that caused child processes
+    to occasionally have the wrong value for $!.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Added code to the history library to catch history substitutions using
+    `&' without a previous history substitution or search having been
+    performed.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  New bindable variable: `isearch-terminators'.
+
+b.  New bindable function: `forward-backward-delete-char' (unbound by default).
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-beta1,
+and the previous version, bash-2.03-alpha.
+    
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  A change was made to the help text for `{...}' to make it clear that a
+    semicolon is required before the closing brace.
+
+b.  A fix was made to the `test' builtin so that syntax errors cause test
+    to return an exit status > 1.
+
+c.  Globbing is no longer performed on assignment statements that appear as
+    arguments to `assignment builtins' such as `export'.
+
+d.  System-specific configuration changes were made for:  Rhapsody,
+    AIX 4.2/gcc, BSD/OS 4.0.
+
+e.  New loadable builtins: ln, unlink.
+
+f.  Some fixes were made to the globbing code to handle extended glob patterns
+    which immediately follow a `*'.
+
+g.  A fix was made to the command printing code to ensure that redirections
+    following compound commands have a space separating them from the rest
+    of the command.
+
+h.  The pathname canonicalization code was changed to produce fewer leading
+    `//' sequences, since those are interpreted as network file system
+    pathnames on some systems.
+
+i.  A fix was made so that loops containing `eval' commands in commands passed
+    to `bash -c' would not exit prematurely.
+
+j.  Some changes were made to the job reaping code when the shell is not
+    interactive, so the shell will retain exit statuses longer for examination
+    by `wait'.
+
+k.  A fix was made so that `jobs | command' works again.
+
+l.  The erroneous compound array assignment var=((...)) is now a syntax error.
+
+m.  A change was made to the dynamic loading code in `enable' to support
+    Tenon's MachTen.
+
+n.  A fix was made to the globbing code so that extended globbing patterns
+    will correctly match `.' in a bracket expression.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  A fix was made to the completion code in which a typo caused the wrong
+    value to be passed to the function that computed the longest common
+    prefix of the list of matches.
+
+b.  The completion code now checks the value of rl_filename_completion_desired,
+    which is set by application-supplied completion functions to indicate
+    that filename completion is being performed, to decide whether or not to
+    call an application-supplied `ignore completions' function.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  A change was made to the startup file code so that any shell begun with
+    the `--login' option, even non-interactive shells, will source the login
+    shell startup files.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  A new variable, rl_erase_empty_line, which, if set by an application using
+    readline, will cause readline to erase, prompt and all, lines on which the
+    only thing typed was a newline.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-alpha,
+and the previous version, bash-2.02.1-release.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  System-specific configuration changes were made for: Irix 6.x, Unixware 7.
+
+b.  The texi2dvi and texi2html scripts were updated to the latest versions
+    from the net.
+
+c.  The configure tests that determine which native type is 32 bits were
+    changed to not require a compiled program.
+
+d.  Fixed a bug in shell_execve that could cause memory to be freed twice
+    after a failed exec.
+
+e.  The `printf' test uses `diff -a' if it's available to prevent confusion
+    due to the non-ascii output.
+
+f.  Shared object configuration is now performed by a shell script,
+    support/shobj-conf, which generates values to be substituted into
+    makefiles by configure.
+
+g.  Some changes were made to `ulimit' to avoid the use of RLIM_INVALID as a
+    return value.
+
+h.  Changes were made to `ulimit' to work around HPUX 9.x's peculiar
+    handling of RLIMIT_FILESIZE.
+
+i.  Some new loadable builtins were added: id, printenv, sync, whoami, push,
+    mkdir.  `pushd', `popd', and `dirs' can now be built as regular or
+    loadable builtins from the same source file.
+
+j.  Changes were made to `printf' to handle NUL bytes in the expanded format
+    string.
+
+k.  The various `make clean' Makefile targets now descend into lib/sh.
+
+l.  The `type' builtin was changed to use the internal `getopt' so that things
+    like `type -ap' work as expected.
+
+m.  There is a new configuration option, --with-installed-readline, to link
+    bash with a locally-installed version of readline.  Only readline version
+    4.0 and later releases can support this.  Shared and static libraries
+    are supported.  The installed include files are used.
+
+n.  There is a new autoconf macro used to find which basic type is 64 bits.
+
+o.  Dynamic linking and loadable builtins should now work on SCO 3.2v5*,
+    AIX 4.2 with gcc, Unixware 7, and many other systems using gcc, where
+    the `-shared' options works correctly.
+
+p.  A bug was fixed in the bash filename completion code that caused memory to
+    be freed twice if a directory name containing an unset variable was
+    completed and the -u option was set.
+
+q.  The prompt expansion code now quotes the `$' in the `\$' expansion so it
+    is not processed by subsequent parameter expansion.
+
+r.  Fixed a parsing bug that caused a single or double quote after a `$$' to
+    trigger ANSI C expansion or locale translation.
+
+s.  Fixed a bug in the globbing code that caused quoted filenames containing
+    no globbing characters to sometimes be incorrectly expanded.
+
+t.  Changes to the default prompt strings if prompt string decoding is not
+    compiled into the shell.
+
+u.  Added `do', `then', `else', `{', and `(' to the list of keywords that may
+    precede the `time' reserved word.
+
+v.  The shell may now be cross-built for BeOS as well as cygwin32.
+
+w.  The conditional command execution code now treats `=' the same as `=='
+    for deciding when to perform pattern matching.
+
+x.  The `-e' option no longer causes the shell to exit if a command exits
+    with a non-zero status while running the startup files.
+
+y.  The `printf' builtin no longer dumps core if a modifier is supplied in
+    the format string without a conversion character (e.g. `%h').
+
+z.  Array assignments of the form a=(...) no longer show up in the history
+    list.
+
+aa. The parser was fixed to obey the POSIX.2 rules for finding the closing
+    `}' in a ${...} expression.
+
+bb. The history file is now opened with mode 0600 rather than 0666, so bash
+    no longer relies on the user's umask being set appropriately.
+
+cc. Setting LANG no longer causes LC_ALL to be assigned a value; bash now
+    relies on proper behavior from the C library.
+
+dd. Minor changes were made to allow quoted variable expansions using
+    ${...} to be completed correctly if there is no closing `"'.
+
+ee. Changes were made to builtins/Makefile.in so that configuring the shell
+    with `--enable-profiling' works right and builtins/mkbuiltins is
+    generated.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  The version number is now 4.0.
+
+b.  There is no longer any #ifdef SHELL code in the source files.
+
+c.  Some changes were made to the key binding code to fix memory leaks and
+    better support Win32 systems.
+
+d.  Fixed a silly typo in the paren matching code -- it's microseconds, not
+    milliseconds.
+
+e.  The readline library should be compilable by C++ compilers.
+
+f.  The readline.h public header file now includes function prototypes for
+    all readline functions, and some changes were made to fix errors in the
+    source files uncovered by the use of prototypes.
+
+g.  The maximum numeric argument is now clamped at 1000000.
+
+h.  Fixes to rl_yank_last_arg to make it behave better.
+
+i.  Fixed a bug in the display code that caused core dumps if the prompt
+    string length exceeded 1024 characters.
+
+j.  The menu completion code was fixed to properly insert a single completion
+    if there is only one match.
+
+k.  A bug was fixed that caused the display code to improperly display tabs
+    after newlines.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  New `shopt' option, `restricted_shell', indicating whether or not the
+    shell was started in restricted mode, for use in startup files.
+
+b.  Filename generation is now performed on the words between ( and ) in
+    array assignments (which it probably should have done all along).
+
+c.  OLDPWD is now auto-exported, as POSIX.2 seems to require.
+
+d.  ENV and BASH_ENV are read-only variables in a restricted shell.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  Many changes to the signal handling:
+	o Readline now catches SIGQUIT and cleans up the tty before returning;
+	o A new variable, rl_catch_signals, is available to application writers 
+	  to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its own
+	  signal handlers for SIGINT, SIGTERM, SIGQUIT, SIGALRM, SIGTSTP,
+	  SIGTTIN, and SIGTTOU;
+	o A new variable, rl_catch_sigwinch, is available to application
+	  writers to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its
+	  own signal handler for SIGWINCH, which will chain to the calling
+	  applications's SIGWINCH handler, if one is installed;
+	o There is a new function, rl_free_line_state, for application signal
+	  handlers to call to free up the state associated with the current
+	  line after receiving a signal;
+	o There is a new function, rl_cleanup_after_signal, to clean up the
+	  display and terminal state after receiving a signal;
+	o There is a new function, rl_reset_after_signal, to reinitialize the
+	  terminal and display state after an application signal handler
+	  returns and readline continues
+
+b.  There is a new function, rl_resize_terminal, to reset readline's idea of
+    the screen size after a SIGWINCH.
+
+c.  New public functions: rl_save_prompt and rl_restore_prompt.  These were
+    previously private functions with a `_' prefix.
+
+d.  New function hook: rl_pre_input_hook, called just before readline starts
+    reading input, after initialization.
+
+e.  New function hook: rl_display_matches_hook, called when readline would
+    display the list of completion matches.  The new function
+    rl_display_match_list is what readline uses internally, and is available
+    for use by application functions called via this hook.
+
+f.  New bindable function, delete-char-or-list, like tcsh.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02.1-release,
+and the previous version, bash-2.02-release.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  A bug that caused the bash readline support to not compile unless aliases
+    and csh-style history were configured into the shell was fixed.
+
+b.  Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when here documents contained
+    more than 1000 characters.
+
+c.  Fixed a bug that caused a CDPATH entry of "" to not be treated the same
+    as the current directory when in POSIX mode.
+
+d.  Fixed an alignment problem with the memory returned by the bash malloc,
+    so returned memory is now 64-bit aligned.
+
+e.  Fixed a bug that caused command substitutions executed within pipelines
+    to put the terminal in the wrong process group.
+
+f.  Fixes to support/config.sub for: alphas, SCO Open Server and Open Desktop,
+    Unixware 2, and Unixware 7.
+
+g.  Fixes to the pattern matching code to make it work correctly for eight-bit
+    characters.
+
+h.  Fixed a problem that occasionally caused the shell to display the wrong
+    value for the new working directory when changing to a directory found
+    in $CDPATH when in physical mode.
+
+i.  Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when using conditional commands in
+    shell functions.
+
+j.  Fixed a bug that caused the printf builtin to loop forever if the format
+    string did not consume any of the arguments.
+
+k.  Fixed a bug in the parameter expansion code that caused "$@" to be
+    incorrectly split if $IFS did not contain a space character.
+
+l.  Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when completing hostnames if
+    the number of matching hostnames was an exact multiple of 16.
+
+m.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to fork too early when a command
+    such as `%2 &' was given.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Fixed a problem with redisplay that showed up when the prompt string was
+    longer than the screen width and the prompt contained invisible characters.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-release,
+and the previous version, bash-2.02-beta2.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  A bug was fixed that caused the terminal process group to be set
+    incorrectly when performing command substitution of builtins in a
+    pipeline.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-beta2,
+and the previous version, bash-2.02-beta1.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Attempting to `wait' for stopped jobs now generates a warning message.
+
+b.  Pipelines which exit due to SIGPIPE in non-interactive shells are now
+    not reported if the shell is compiled -DDONT_REPORT_SIGPIPE.
+
+c.  Some changes were made to builtins/psize.sh and support/bashbug.sh to
+    attempt to avoid some /tmp file races and surreptitious file
+    substitutions.
+
+d.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell not to compile if configured with
+    dparen arithmetic but without aliases.
+
+e.  Fixed a bug that caused the input stream to be switched when assigning
+    empty arrays with `bash -c'.
+
+f.  A bug was fixed in the readline expansion glue code that caused bash to
+    dump core when expanding lines with an unclosed single quote.
+
+g.  A fix was made to the `cd' builtin so that using a non-empty directory
+    from $CDPATH results in an absolute pathname of the new current working
+    directory to be displayed after the current directory is changed.
+
+h.  Fixed a bug in the variable assignment code that caused the shell to
+    dump core when referencing an unset variable with `set -u' enabled in
+    an assignment statement preceding a command.
+
+i.  Fixed a bug in the exit trap code that caused reserved words to not be
+    recognized under certain circumstances.
+
+j.  Fixed a bug in the parameter pattern substitution code so that quote
+    removal is performed.
+
+k.  The shell should now configure correctly on Apple Rhapsody systems.
+
+l.  The `kill' builtin now prints a usage message if it is not passed any
+    arguments.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-beta1,
+and the previous version, bash-2.02-alpha1.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  A few compilation bugs were fixed in the new extended globbing code.
+
+b.  Executing arithmetic commands now sets the command name to `((' so
+    error messages look right.
+
+c.  Fixed some build problems with various configuration options.
+
+d.  The `printf' builtin now aborts immediately if an illegal format
+    character is encountered.
+
+e.  The code that creates here-documents now behaves better if the file it's
+    trying to create already exists for some reason.
+
+f.  Fixed a problem with the extended globbing code that made patterns like
+    `x+*' expand incorrectly.
+
+g.  The prompt string expansion code no longer quotes tildes with backslashes.
+
+h.  The bash getcwd() implementation in lib/sh/getcwd.c now behaves better in
+    the presence of lstat(2) failures.
+
+i.  Fixed a bug with strsub() that caused core dumps when executing `fc -s'.
+
+j.  The mail checking code now ensures that it has a valid default mailpath.
+
+k.  A bug was fixed that caused local variables to be unset inappropriately
+    when sourcing a script from within another sourced script.
+
+l.  A bug was fixed in the history saving code so that functions are saved
+    in the history list correctly if `cmdhist' is enabled, but `lithist'
+    is not.
+
+m.  A bug was fixed that caused printf overflows when displaying error
+    messages.
+
+n.  It should be easier to build the loadble builtins in examples/loadables,
+    though some manual editing of the generated Makefile is still required.
+
+o.  The user's primary group is now always ${GROUPS[0]}.
+
+p.  Some updates were made to support/config.guess from the GNU master copy.
+
+q.  Some changes were made to the autoconf support for Solaris 2.6 large
+    files.
+
+r.  The `command' builtins now does the right thing when confstr(3) cannot
+    find a value for _CS_PATH.
+
+s.  Extended globbing expressions like `*.!(c)' are not history expanded if
+    `extglob' is enabled.
+
+t.  Using the `-P' option to `cd' will force the value that is assigned to
+    PWD to not contain any symbolic links.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  The code that prints completion listings now behaves better if one or
+    more of the filenames contains non-printable characters.
+
+b.  The time delay when showing matching parentheses is now 0.5 seconds.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-alpha1,
+and the previous version, bash-2.01.1-release.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  OS-specific configuration changes for:  BSD/OS 3.x, Minix 2.x,
+    Solaris 2.6, SINIX SVR4.
+
+b.  Changes were made to the generated `info' files so that `install-info'
+    works correctly.
+
+c.  PWD is now auto-exported.
+
+d.  A fix was made to the pipeline code to make sure that the shell forks
+    to execute simple commands consisting solely of assignment statements.
+
+e.  Changes to the test suite for systems with 14-character filenames.
+
+f.  The default sizes of some internal hash tables have been made smaller
+    to reduce the shell's memory footprint.
+
+g.  The `((...))' arithmetic command is now executed directly instead of
+    being translated into `let "..."'.
+
+h.  Fixes were made to the expansion code so that "$*", "$@", "${array[@]}",
+    and "${array[@]}" expand correctly when IFS does not contain a space
+    character, is unset, or is set to NULL.
+
+i.  The indirect expansion code (${!var}) was changed so that the only
+    valid values of `var' are variable names, positional parameters, `#',
+    `@', and `*'.
+
+j.  An arithmetic expression error in a $((...)) expansion now causes a
+    non-interactive shell running in posix mode to exit.
+
+k.  Compound array assignment now splits the words within the parentheses
+    on shell metacharacters like the parser would before expansing them
+    and performing the assignment.  This is for compatibility with ksh-93.
+
+l.  The internal shell backslash-quoting code (used in the output of `set'
+    and completion) now quotes tildes if they appear at the start of the
+    string or after a `=' or `:'.
+
+m.  A couple of bugs with `shopt -o' were fixed.
+
+n.  `bash +o' now displays the same output as `set +o' before starting an
+    interactive shell.
+
+o.  A bug that caused command substitution and the `eval' builtin to
+    occasionally free memory twice when an error was encountered was fixed.
+
+p.  The filename globbing code no longer requires read permission for a
+    directory when the filename to be matched does not contain any globbing
+    characters, as POSIX.2 specifies.
+
+q.  A bug was fixed so that the job containing the last asynchronous
+    process is not removed from the job table until a `wait' is executed
+    for that process or another asynchronous process is started.  This
+    satisfies a POSIX.2 requirement.
+
+r.  A `select' bug was fixed so that a non-numeric user response is treated
+    the same as a numeric response that is out of range.
+
+s.  The shell no longer parses the value of SHELLOPTS from the environment
+    if it is restricted, running setuid, or running in `privileged mode'.
+
+t.  Fixes were made to enable large file support on systems such as
+    Solaris 2.6, where the size of a file may be larger than can be held
+    in an `int'.
+
+u.  The filename hashing code was fixed to not add `./' to the beginning of
+    filenames which already begin with `./'.
+
+v.  The configure script was changed so that the GNU termcap library is not
+    compiled in if `prefer-curses' has been specified.
+
+w.  HISTCONTROL and HISTIGNORE are no longer applied to the second and
+    subsequent lines of a multi-line command.
+
+x.  A fix was made to `disown' so that it does a better job of catching
+    out-of-range jobs.
+
+y.  Non-interactive shells no longer report the status of processes terminated
+    due to SIGINT, even if the standard output is a terminal.
+
+z.  A bug that caused the output of `jobs' to have extra carriage returns
+    was fixed.
+
+aa. A bug that caused PIPESTATUS to not be set when builtins or shell
+    functions were executed in the foreground was fixed.
+
+bb. Bash now attempts to detect when it is being run by sshd, and treats
+    that case identically to being run by rshd.
+
+cc. A bug that caused `set -a' to export SHELLOPTS when one of the shell
+    options was changed was fixed.
+
+dd. The `kill' builtin now disallows empty or missing process id arguments
+    instead of treating them as identical to `0', which means the current
+    process.
+
+ee. `var=value declare -x var' now behaves identically to
+    `var=value export var'.  Similarly for `var=value declare -r var' and
+    `var=value readonly var'.
+
+ff. A few memory leaks were fixed.
+
+gg. `alias' and `unalias' now print error messages when passed an argument
+    that is not an alias for printing or deletion, even when the shell is
+    not interactive, as POSIX.2 specifies.
+
+hh. `alias' and `alias -p' now return a status of 0 when no aliases are
+    defined, as POSIX.2 specifies.
+
+ii. `cd -' now prints the pathname of the new working directory if the shell
+    is interactive.
+
+jj. A fix was made so that the code that binds $PWD now copes with getcwd()
+    returning NULL.
+
+kk. `unset' now checks whether or not a function name it's trying to unset
+    is a valid shell identifier only when the shell is running in posix mode.
+
+ll. A change was made to the code that generates filenames for here documents
+    to make them less prone to name collisions.
+
+mm. The parser was changed so that `time' is recognized as a reserved word
+    only at the beginning of a pipeline.
+
+nn. The pathname canonicalization code was changed so that `//' is converted
+    into `/', but all other pathnames beginning with `//' are left alone, as
+    POSIX.2 specifies.
+
+oo. The `logout' builtin will no longer exit a non-interactive non-login
+    shell.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Fixed a problem in the readline test program rltest.c that caused a core
+    dump.
+
+b.  The code that handles parser directives in inputrc files now displays
+    more error messages.
+
+c.  The history expansion code was fixed so that the appearance of the
+    history comment character at the beginning of a word inhibits history
+    expansion for that word and the rest of the input line.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  A new version of malloc, based on the older GNU malloc, that has many
+    changes, is more page-based, is more conservative with memory usage,
+    and does not `orphan' large blocks when they are freed.
+
+b.  A new version of gmalloc, based on the old GLIBC malloc, with many
+    changes and range checking included by default.
+
+c.  A new implementation of fnmatch(3) that includes full POSIX.2 Basic
+    Regular Expression matching, including character classes, collating
+    symbols, equivalence classes, and support for case-insensitive pattern
+    matching.
+
+d.  ksh-88 egrep-style extended pattern matching ([@+*?!](patlist)) has been
+    implemented, controlled by a new `shopt' option, `extglob'.
+
+e.  There is a new ksh-like `[[' compound command, which implements
+    extended `test' functionality.
+
+f.  There is a new `printf' builtin, implemented according to the POSIX.2
+    specification.
+
+g.  There is a new feature for command substitution: $(< filename) now expands
+    to the contents of `filename', with any trailing newlines removed
+    (equivalent to $(cat filename)).
+
+h.  There are new tilde prefixes which expand to directories from the
+    directory stack.
+
+i.  There is a new `**' arithmetic operator to do exponentiation.
+
+j.  There are new configuration options to control how bash is linked:
+    `--enable-profiling', to allow bash to be profiled with gprof, and
+    `--enable-static-link', to allow bash to be linked statically.
+
+k.  There is a new configuration option, `--enable-cond-command', which
+    controls whether or not the `[[' command is included.  It is on by
+    default.
+
+l.  There is a new configuration option, `--enable-extended-glob', which
+    controls whether or not the ksh extended globbing feature is included.
+    It is enabled by default.
+
+m.  There is a new configuration #define in config.h.top that, when enabled,
+    will cause all login shells to source /etc/profile and one of the user-
+    specific login shell startup files, whether or not the shell is
+    interactive.
+
+n.  There is a new invocation option, `--dump-po-strings', to dump
+    a shell script's translatable strings ($"...") in GNU `po' format.
+
+o.  There is a new `shopt' option, `nocaseglob', to enable case-insensitive
+    pattern matching when globbing filenames and using the `case' construct.
+
+p.  There is a new `shopt' option, `huponexit', which, when enabled, causes
+    the shell to send SIGHUP to all jobs when an interactive login shell
+    exits.
+
+q.  `bind' has a new `-u' option, which takes a readline function name as an
+    argument and unbinds all key sequences bound to that function in a
+    specified keymap.
+
+r.  `disown' now has `-a' and `-r' options, to limit operation to all jobs
+    and running jobs, respectively.
+
+s.  The `shopt' `-p' option now causes output to be displayed in a reusable
+    format.
+
+t.  `test' has a new `-N' option, which returns true if the filename argument
+    has been modified since it was last accessed.
+
+u.  `umask' now has a `-p' option to print output in a reusable format.
+
+v.  A new escape sequence, `\xNNN', has been added to the `echo -e' and $'...'
+    translation code.  It expands to the character whose ascii code is NNN
+    in hexadecimal.
+
+w.  The prompt string expansion code has a new `\r' escape sequence.
+
+x.  The shell may now be cross-compiled for the CYGWIN32 environment on
+    a Unix machine.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  There is now an option for `iterative' yank-last-arg handline, so a user
+    can keep entering `M-.', yanking the last argument of successive history
+    lines.
+
+b.  New variable, `print-completions-horizontally', which causes completion
+    matches to be displayed across the screen (like `ls -x') rather than up
+    and down the screen (like `ls').
+
+c.  New variable, `completion-ignore-case', which causes filename completion
+    and matching to be performed case-insensitively.
+
+d.  There is a new bindable command, `magic-space', which causes history
+    expansion to be performed on the current readline buffer and a space to
+    be inserted into the result.
+
+e.  There is a new bindable command, `menu-complete', which enables tcsh-like
+    menu completion (successive executions of menu-complete insert a single
+    completion match, cycling through the list of possible completions).
+
+f.  There is a new bindable command, `paste-from-clipboard', for use on Win32
+    systems, to insert the text from the Win32 clipboard into the editing
+    buffer.
+
+g.  The key sequence translation code now understands printf-style backslash
+    escape sequences, including \NNN octal escapes.  These escape sequences
+    may be used in key sequence definitions or macro values.
+
+h.  An `$include' inputrc file parser directive has been added.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01.1-release,
+and the previous version, bash-2.01-release.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  The select command was fixed to check the validity of the user's
+    input more strenuously.
+
+b.  A bug was fixed that prevented `time' from timing commands correctly
+    when supplied as an argument to `bash -c'.
+
+c.  A fix was made to the mail checking code to keep from adding the same
+    mail file to the list of files to check multiple times when parsing
+    $MAILPATH.
+
+d.  Fixed an off-by-one error in the tilde expansion library.
+
+e.  When using the compound array assignment syntax, the old value of
+    the array is cleared before assigning the new value.
+
+f.  Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when a trap handler was reset
+    to the default in the trap command associated with that signal.
+
+g.  Fixed a bug in the locale code that occurred when assigning a value
+    to LC_ALL.
+
+h.  A change was made to the parser so that words of the form xxx=(...)
+    are not considered compound assignment statements unless there are
+    characters before the `='.
+
+i.  A fix was made to the command tracing code to correctly quote each
+    word of output.
+
+j.  Some changes were made to the bash-specific autoconf tests to make them
+    more portable.
+
+k.  Completion of words with globbing characters now correctly quotes the
+    result.
+
+l.  The directory /var/spool/mail is now preferred to /usr/spool/mail when
+    configure is deciding on the default mail directory.
+
+m.  The brace completion code was fixed to not quote the `{' and `}'.
+
+n.  Some fixes were made to make $RANDOM more random in subshells.
+
+o.  System-specific changes were made to configure for: SVR4.2
+
+p.  Changes were made so that completion of words containing globbing chars
+    substitutes the result only if a single filename was matched.
+
+q.  The window size is now recomputed after a job is stopped with SIGTSTP if
+    the user has set `checkwinsize' with `shopt'.
+
+r.  When doing substring expansion, out-of-range substring specifiers now
+    cause nothing to be substituted rather than an expansion error.
+
+s.  A fix was made so that you can no longer trap `SIGEXIT' or `SIGDEBUG' --
+    only `EXIT' and `DEBUG' are accepted.
+
+t.  The display of trapped signals now uses the signal number if signals
+    for which bash does not know the name are trapped.
+
+u.  A fix was made so that `bash -r' does not turn on restricted mode until
+    after the startup files are executed.
+
+v.  A bug was fixed that occasionally caused a core dump when a variable
+    found in the temporary environment of export/declare/readonly had a
+    null value.
+
+w.  A bug that occasionally caused unallocated memory to be passed to free()
+    when doing arithmetic substitution was fixed.
+
+x.  A bug that caused a buffer overrun when expanding a prompt string
+    containing `\w' and ${#PWD} exceeded PATH_MAX was fixed.
+
+y.  A problem with the completion code that occasionally caused it to
+    refer to a character before the beginning of the readline line buffer
+    was fixed.
+
+z.  A bug was fixed so that the `read' builtin restarts reads when
+    interrupted by signals other than SIGINT.
+
+aa. Fixed a bug that caused a command to be freed twice when there was
+    an evaluation error in the `eval' command.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Added a missing `extern' to a declaration in readline.h that kept
+    readline from compiling cleanly on some systems.
+
+b.  The history file is now opened with mode 0600 when it is written for
+    better security.
+
+c.  Changes were made to the SIGWINCH handling code so that prompt redisplay
+    is done better.
+
+d.  ^G now interrupts incremental searches correctly.
+
+e.  A bug that caused a core dump when the set of characters to be quoted
+    when completing words was empty was fixed.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-release,
+and the previous version, bash-2.01-beta2.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  The `distclean' target should remove the `printenv' executable if it
+    has been created.
+
+b.  The test suite was changed slightly to ensure that the error messages
+    are printed in English.
+
+c.  A bug that caused the shell to dump core when a filename containing a
+    `/' was passed to `hash' was fixed.
+
+d.  Pathname canonicalization now leaves a leading `//' intact, as POSIX.1
+    requires.
+
+e.  A memory leak when completing commands was fixed.
+
+f.  A memory leak that occurred when checking the hash table for commands
+    with relative paths was fixed.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-beta2,
+and the previous version, bash-2.01-beta1.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  The `ulimit' builtin translates RLIM_INFINITY to the hard limit only if
+    the current (soft) limit is less than or equal to the hard limit.
+
+b.  Fixed a bug that caused the bash emulation of strcasecmp to produce
+    incorrect results.
+
+c.  A bug that caused memory to be freed twice when a trap handler resets
+    the trap more than once was fixed.
+
+d.  A bug that caused machines where sizeof (pointer) > sizeof (int) to
+    fail (and possibly dump core) when trying to unwind-protect a null
+    pointer was fixed.
+
+e.  The startup files should not be run with job control enabled.  This fix
+    allows SIGINT to once again interrupt startup file execution.
+
+f.  Bash should not change the SIGPROF handler if it is set to something
+    other than SIG_DFL.
+
+g.  The completion code that provides bash-specific completions for readline
+    now quotes characters that the readline code would treat as word break
+    characters if they appear in a file name.
+
+h.  The completion code now correctly quotes filenames containing a `!',
+    even if the user attempted to use double quotes when attempting
+    completion.
+
+i.  A bug that caused the shell to dump core when `disown' was called without
+    arguments and there was no current job was fixed.
+
+j.  A construct like $((foo);bar) is now processed as a command substitution
+    rather than as a bad arithmetic substitution.
+
+k.  A couple of bugs that caused `fc' to not obey the `cmdhist' and `lithist'
+    shell options when editing and re-executing a series of commands were
+    fixed.
+
+l.  A fix was made to the grammar -- the list of commands between `do' and
+    `done' in the body of a `for' command should be treated the same as a
+    while loop.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  A couple of bugs that caused the history search functions to attempt to
+    free a NULL pointer were fixed.
+
+b.  If the C library provides setlocale(3), readline does not need to look
+    at various environment variables to decide whether or not to go into
+    eight-bit mode automatically -- just check whether the current locale
+    is not `C' or `POSIX'.
+
+c.  If the filename completion function finds that a directory was not closed
+    by a previous (interrupted) completion, it closes the directory with
+    closedir().
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  New bindable readline commands:  history-and-alias-expand-line and
+    alias-expand-line.  The code was always in there, there was just no
+    way to execute it.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-beta1,
+and the previous version, bash-2.01-alpha1.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fixed a problem that could cause file descriptors used for process
+    substitution to conflict with those used explicitly in redirections.
+
+b.  Made it easier to regenerate configure if the user changes configure.in.
+
+c.  ${GROUPS[0]} should always be the primary group, even on systems without
+    multiple groups.
+
+d.  Spelling correction is no longer enabled by default.
+
+e.  Fixes to quoting problems in `bashbug'.
+
+f.  OS-specific configuration changes were made for: Irix 6.
+
+g.  OS-specific code changes were made for: QNX.
+
+h.  A more meaningful message is now printed when the file in /tmp for a
+    here document cannot be created.
+
+i.  Many changes to the shell's variable initialization code to speed
+    non-interactive startup.
+
+j.  Changes to the non-job-control code so that it does not try to open
+    /dev/tty.
+
+k.  The output of `set' and `export' is once again sorted, as POSIX wants.
+
+l.  Fixed a problem caused by a recursive call reparsing the value of
+    $SHELLOPTS.
+
+m.  The tilde code no longer calls getenv() when it's compiled as part of
+    the shell, which should eliminate problems on systems that cannot
+    redefine getenv(), like the NeXT OS.
+
+n.  Fixed a problem that caused `bash -o' or `bash +o' to not list all
+    the shell options.
+
+o.  Fixed `ulimit' to convert RLIM_INFINITY to the appropriate hard limit
+    only if the hard limit is greater than the current (soft) limit.
+
+p.  Fixed a problem that arose when building bash in a different directory
+    than the source and y.tab.[ch] were remade with something other than
+    bison.  This came up most often on NetBSD.
+
+q.  Fixed a problem with completion -- it thought that `pwd`/[TAB] indicated
+    an unfinished command completion (`/), which generated errors.
+
+r.  The bash special tilde expansions (~-, ~+) are now attempted before
+    calling the standard tilde expansion code, which should eliminate the
+    problems people have been seeing with this on Solaris 2.5.1.
+
+s.  Added support for <stdarg.h> to places where it was missing.
+
+t.  Changed the code that reads the output of a command substitution to not
+    go through stdio.  This reduces the memory requirements and is faster.
+
+u.  A number of changes to speed up export environment creation were made.
+
+v.  A number of memory leaks were fixed as the result of running the test
+    scripts through Purify.
+
+w.  Fixed a bug that caused subshells forked to interpret executable
+    scripts without a leading `#!' to not reinitialize the values of
+    the shell options.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  History library has less `#ifdef SHELL' code -- abstracted stuff out
+    into application-specific function hooks.
+
+b.  Readline no longer calls getenv() if it's compiled as part of the shell,
+    which should eliminate problems on systems that cannot redefine getenv(),
+    like the NeXT OS.
+
+c.  Fixed translation of ESC when `untranslating' macro values.
+
+d.  The region kill operation now fixes the mark if it ends up beyond the
+    boundaries of the line after the region is deleted.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  New argument for `configure':  `--with-curses'.  This can be used to
+    override the selection of the termcap library on systems where it is
+    deficient.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-alpha1,
+and the previous version, bash-2.0-release.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  System-specific configuration changes for: FreeBSD, SunOS4, Irix,
+    MachTen, QNX 4.2, Harris Night Hawk, SunOS5.
+
+b.  System-specific code changes were made for: Linux, 4.4 BSD, QNX 4.2,
+    HP-UX, AIX 4.2.
+
+c.  A bug that caused the exec builtin to fail because the full pathname of
+    the command could not be found was fixed.
+
+d.  The code that performs output redirections is now more resistant to
+    race conditions and possible security exploits.
+
+e.  A bug that caused the shell to dump core when performing pattern
+    substitutions on variable values was fixed.
+
+f.  More hosts are now recognized by the auto-configuration mechanism
+    (OpenBSD, QNX, others).
+
+g.  Assignments to read-only variables that attempt to convert them to
+    arrays are now errors.
+
+h.  A bug that caused shell scripts using array assignments in POSIX mode
+    to exit after the assignment was performed was fixed.
+
+i.  The substring expansion code is now more careful about running off the
+    ends of the expanded variable value.
+
+j.  A bug that caused completion to fail if a backquoted command substitution
+    appeared anywhere on the line was fixed.
+
+k.  The `source' builtin no longer turns off history if it has been enabled
+    in a non-interactive shell.
+
+l.  A bug that caused the shell to crash when `disown' was given a pid
+    instead of a job number was fixed.
+
+m.  The `cd' spelling correction code will not try to change to `.' if no
+    directory entries match a single-character argument.
+
+n.  A bad variable name supplied to `declare', `export', or `readonly' no
+    longer causes a non-interactive shell in POSIX mode to exit.
+
+o.  Some fixes were made to the test suite to handle peculiarities of
+    various Unix versions.
+
+p.  The bash completion code now quotes characters that readline would
+    treat as word breaks for completion but are not shell metacharacters.
+
+q.  Bad options supplied at invocation now cause a usage message to be
+    displayed.
+
+r.  Fixes were made to the code that handles DEBUG traps so that the trap
+    string is not freed inappropriately.
+
+s.  Some changes were made to the bash debugger in examples/bashdb -- it
+    should be closer to working now.
+
+t.  A problem that caused the default filename used for mail checking to be
+    wrong was fixed.
+
+u.  A fix was made to the `echo' builtin so that NUL characters printed with
+    `echo -e' do not cause the output to be truncated.
+
+v.  A fix was made to the job control code so that the shell behaves better
+    when monitor mode is enabled in a non-interactive shell.
+
+w.  Bash no longer catches all of the terminating signals in a non-
+    interactive shell until a trap is set on EXIT, which should result in
+    quicker startup.
+
+x.  A fix was made to the command timing code so that `time' can be used in
+    a loop.
+
+y.  A fix was made to the parser so that `((cmd); cmd2)' is now parsed as
+    a nested subshell rather than strictly as an (erroneous) arithmetic
+    command.
+
+z.  A fix was made to the globbing code so that it correctly matches quoted
+    filenames beginning with a `.'.
+
+aa. A bug in `fc' that caused some multi-line commands to not be stored as
+    one command in the history when they were re-executed after editing
+    (with `fc -e') was fixed.
+
+bb. The `ulimit' builtin now attempts to catch some classes of integer
+    overflows.
+
+cc. The command-oriented-history code no longer attempts to add `;'
+    inappropriately when a newline appears while reading a $(...) command
+    substitution.
+
+dd. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when `help --' was executed
+    was fixed.
+
+ee. A bug that caused the shell to crash when an unset variable appeared
+    in the body of a here document after `set -u' had been executed was
+    fixed.
+
+ff. Implicit input redirections from /dev/null for asynchronous commands
+    are now handled better.
+
+gg. A bug that caused the shell to fail to compile when configured with
+    `--disable-readline' was fixed.
+
+hh. The globbing code should now be interruptible.
+
+ii. Bash now notices when the `kill' builtin is used to send SIGCONT to a
+    stopped job and adjusts the data structures accordingly, as if `bg' had
+    been executed instead.
+
+jj. A bug that caused the shell to crash when mixing calls to `getopts'
+    and `shift' on the same set of positional parameters was fixed.
+
+kk. The command printing code now preserves the `-p' flag to `time'.
+
+ll. The command printing code now handles here documents better when there
+    are other redirections associated with the command.
+
+mm. The special glibc environment variable (NNN_GNU_nonoption_argv_flags_)
+    is no longer placed into the environment of executed commands -- users
+    of glibc had too many problems with it.
+
+nn. Reorganized the code that generates signames.h.  The signal_names list
+    is now more complete but may be slightly different (SIGABRT is favored
+    over SIGIOT, for example).  The preferred signal names are those
+    listed in the POSIX.2 standard.
+
+oo. `bashbug' now uses a filename shorter than 14 characters for its
+    temporary file, and asks for confirmation before sending the bug
+    report.
+
+pp. A bug that caused TAB completion in vi editing mode to not be turned
+    off when `set -o posix' was executed or back on when `set +o posix'
+    was executed was fixed.
+
+qq. A bug in the brace expansion code that caused brace expansions appearing
+    in new-style $(...) command substitutions to be inappropriately expanded
+    was fixed.
+
+rr. A bug in the readline hook shell-expand-line that could cause memory to
+    be inappropriately freed was fixed.
+
+ss. A bug that caused some arithmetic expressions containing `&&' and `||'
+    to be parsed with the wrong precedence has been fixed.
+
+tt. References to unbound variables after `set -u' has been executed now
+    cause the shell to exit immediately, as they should.
+
+uu. A bug that caused the shell to exit inappropriately when `set -e' had
+    been executed and a command's return status was being inverted with the
+    `!' reserved word was fixed.
+
+vv. A bug that could occasionally cause the shell to crash with a
+    divide-by-zero error when timing a command was fixed.
+
+ww. A bug that caused parameter pattern substitution to leave stray
+    backslashes in the replacement string when the expression is in
+    double quotes was fixed.
+
+xx. The `break' and `continue' builtins now break out of all loops when an
+    invalid count argument is supplied.
+
+yy. Fixed a bug that caused PATH to be set to the empty string if
+    `command -p' is executed with PATH unset.
+
+zz. Fixed `kill -l signum' to print the signal name without the `SIG' prefix,
+    as POSIX specifies.
+
+aaa. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash while setting $SHELLOPTS
+     if there were no shell options set.
+
+bbb. Fixed `export -p' and `readonly -p' so that when the shell is in POSIX
+     mode, their output is as POSIX.2 specifies.
+
+ccc. Fixed a bug in `readonly' so that `readonly -a avar=(...)' actually
+     creates an array variable.
+
+ddd. Fixed a bug that prevented `time' from correctly timing background
+     pipelines.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  A bug that caused an extra newline to be printed when the cursor was on
+    an otherwise empty line was fixed.
+
+b.  An instance of memory being used after it was freed was corrected.
+
+c.  The redisplay code now works when the prompt is longer than the screen
+    width.
+
+d.  `dump-macros' is now a bindable name, as it should have been all along.
+
+e.  Non-printable characters are now expanded when displaying macros and
+    their values.
+
+f.  The `dump-variables' and `dump-macros' commands now output a leading
+    newline if they're called as the result of a key sequence, rather
+    than directly by an application.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  There is a new builtin array variable: GROUPS, the set of groups to which
+    the user belongs.  This is used by the test suite.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  If a key sequence bound to `universal-argument' is read while reading a
+    numeric argument started with `universal-argument', it terminates the
+    argument but is otherwise ignored.  This provides a way to insert multiple
+    instances of a digit string, and is how GNU emacs does it.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-release,
+and the previous version, bash-2.0-beta3.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  Fix to the `getopts' builtin so that it does the right thing when a
+    required option argument is not present.
+
+b.  The completion code now updates the common prefix of matched names
+    after FIGNORE processing is done, since any names that were removed
+    may have changed the common prefix.
+
+c.  Fixed a bug that made messages in MAILPATH entries not work correctly.
+
+d.  Fixed a serious documentation error in the description of the new
+    ${parameter:offset[:length]} expansion.
+
+e.  Fixes to make parameter substring expansion ({$param:offset[:length]})
+    work when within double quotes.
+
+f.  Fixes to make ^A (CTLESC) survive an unquoted expansion of positional
+    parameters.
+
+g.  Corrected a misspelling of `unlimited' in the output of `ulimit'.
+
+h.  Fixed a bug that caused executable scripts without a leading `#!' to
+    occasionally pick up the wrong set of positional parameters.
+
+i.  Linux systems now have a working `ulimit -v', using RLIMIT_AS.
+
+j.  Updated config.guess so that many more machine types are recognized.
+
+k.  Fixed a bug with backslash-quoted slashes in the ${param/pat[/sub]}
+    expansion.
+
+l.  If the shell is named `-su', and `-c command' is supplied, read and
+    execute the login shell startup files even though the shell is not
+    interactive.  This is to support the `-' option to `su'.
+
+m.  Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when the DEBUG trap was ignored
+    with `trap "" DEBUG' and a shell function was subsequently executed.
+
+n.  Fixed a bug that caused core dumps in the read builtin when IFS was
+    set to the null string and the input had leading whitespace.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  Fixed a bug that caused a numeric argument of 1024 to be ignored when
+    inserting text.
+
+b.  Fixed the display code so that the numeric argument is displayed as it's
+    being entered.
+
+c.  Fixed the numeric argument reading code so that `M-- command' is
+    equivalent to `M--1 command', as the prompt implies.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  `ulimit' now sets both hard and soft limits and reports the soft limit
+    by default (when neither -H nor -S is specified).  This is compatible
+    with versions of sh and ksh that implement `ulimit'.
+
+b.  Integer constants have been extended to base 64.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  The `home' and `end' keys are now bound to beginning-of-line and
+    end-of-line, respectively, if the corresponding termcap capabilities
+    are present.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-beta3,
+and the previous version, bash-2.0-beta2.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  System-specific changes for: AIX 4.2, SCO 3.2v[45], HP-UX.
+
+b.  When in POSIX mode, variable assignments preceding a special builtin
+    persist in the shell environment after the builtin completes.
+
+c.  Changed all calls to getwd() to getcwd().  Improved check for systems
+    where the libc getcwd() calls popen(), since that breaks on some
+    systems when job control is being used.
+
+d.  Fixed a bug that caused seg faults when executing scripts with the
+    execute bit set but without a leading `#!'.
+
+e.  The environment passed to executed commands is never sorted.
+
+f.  A bug was fixed in the code that expands ${name[@]} to the number of
+    elements in an array variable.
+
+g.  A bug was fixed in the array compound assignment code ( A=( ... ) ).
+
+h.  Window size changes now correctly propagate down to readline if
+    the shopt `checkwinsize' option is enabled.
+
+i.  A fix was made in the code that expands to the length of a variable
+    value (${#var}).
+
+j.  A fix was made to the command builtin so that it did not turn on the
+    `no fork' flag inappropriately.
+
+k.  A fix was made to make `set -n' work more reliably.
+
+l.  A fix was made to the job control initialization code so that the
+    terminal process group is set to the shell's process group if the
+    shell changes its own process group.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  System-specific changes for: SCO 3.2v[45].
+
+b.  The behavior of the vi-mode `.' when redoing an `i' command was changed
+    to insert the text previously inserted by the `i' command rather than
+    simply entering insert mode.
+
+3.  New features in Bash
+
+a.  There is a new version of the autoload function package, in
+    examples/functions/autoload.v2, that uses arrays and provides more
+    functionality.
+
+b.  Support for LC_COLLATE and locale-specific sorting of the results of
+    pathname expansion if strcoll() is available.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  Support for locale-specific sorting of completion possibilities if
+    strcoll() is available.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-beta2,
+and the previous version, bash-2.0-beta1.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  `pushd -' is once again equivalent to `pushd $OLDPWD'.
+
+b.  OS-specific changes for: SCO 3.2v[45].
+
+c.  A change was made to the fix for the recently-reported security hole
+    when reading characters with octal value 255 to make it work better on
+    systems with restartable system calls when not using readline.
+
+d.  Some changes were made to the test suite so that it works if you
+    configure bash with --enable-usg-echo-default.
+
+e.  A fix was made to the parsing of conditional arithmetic expressions.
+
+f.  Illegal arithmetic bases now cause an arithmetic evaluation error rather
+    than being silently reset.
+
+g.  Multiple arithmetic bases now cause an arithmetic evaluation error
+    instead of being ignored.
+
+h.  A fix was made to the evaluation of ${param?word} to conform to POSIX.2.
+
+i.  A bug that sometimes caused array indices to be evaluated twice (which
+    would cause errors when they contained assignment statements) was fixed.
+
+j.  `ulimit' was rewritten to avoid problems with getrlimit(2) returning
+    unsigned values and to simplify the code.
+
+k.  A bug in the command-oriented-history code that caused it to sometimes
+    put semicolons after right parens inappropriately was fixed.
+
+l.  The values inserted into the prompt by the \w and \W escape sequences
+    are now quoted to prevent further expansion.
+
+m.  An interactive shell invoked as `sh' now reads and executes commands
+    from the file named by $ENV when it starts up.  If it's a login shell,
+    it does this after reading /etc/profile and ~/.profile.
+
+n.  The file named by $ENV is never read by non-interactive shells.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  A few changes were made to hide some macros and functions that should not
+    be public.
+
+b.  An off-by-one error that caused seg faults in the history expansion code
+    was fixed.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  The ksh-style ((...)) arithmetic command was implemented.  It is exactly
+    identical to let "...".  This is controlled by a new option to configure,
+    `--enable-dparen-arithmetic', which is on by default.
+
+b.  There is a new #define available in config.h.top: SYS_BASH_LOGOUT.  If
+    defined to a filename, bash reads and executes commands from that file
+    when a login shell exits.  It's commented out by default.
+
+c.  `ulimit' has a `-l' option that reports the maximum amount of data that
+    may be locked into memory on 4.4BSD-based systems.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-beta1,
+and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha4.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  A bug that sometimes caused traps to be ignored on signals the
+    shell treats specially was fixed.
+
+b.  The internationalization code was changed to track the values of
+    LC_* variables and call setlocale() as appropriate.  The TEXTDOMAIN
+    and TEXTDOMAINDIR variables are also tracked; changes cause calls
+    to textdomain() and bindtextdomain(), if available.
+
+c.  A bug was fixed that sometimes caused double-quoted strings to be
+    parsed incorrectly.
+
+d.  Changes were made so that the siglist code compiles correctly on
+    Solaris 2.5.
+
+e.  Added `:' to the set of characters that cause word breaks for the
+    completion code so that pathnames in assignments to $PATH can be
+    completed.
+
+f.  The `select' command was fixed to print $PS3 to stderr.
+
+g.  Fixed an error in the manual page section describing the effect that
+    setting and unsetting GLOBIGNORE has on the setting of the `dotglob'
+    option.
+
+h.  The time conversion code now uses CLK_TCK rather than CLOCKS_PER_SEC
+    on systems without gettimeofday() and resources.
+
+i.  The getopt static variables are now initialized each time a subshell
+    is started, so subshells using `getopts' work right.
+
+j.  A sign-extension bug that caused a possible security hole was fixed.
+
+k.  The parser now reads characters between backquotes within a double-
+    quoted string as a single word, so double quotes in the backquoted
+    string don't terminate the enclosing double-quoted string.
+
+l.  A bug that caused `^O' to work incorrectly when typed as the first
+    thing to an interactive shell was fixed.
+
+m.  A rarely-exercised off-by-one error in the code that quotes variable
+    values was fixed.
+
+n.  Some memory and file descriptor leaks encountered when running a
+    shell script that is executable but does not have a leading `#!'
+    were plugged.
+
+2.  Changes to Readline
+
+a.  A bug that sometimes caused incorrect results when trying to read
+    typeahead on systems without FIONREAD was fixed.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  The command timing code now uses the value of the TIMEFORMAT variable
+    to format and display timing statistics.
+
+b.  The `time' reserved word now accepts a `-p' option to force the
+    POSIX.2 output format.
+
+c.  There are a couple of new and updated scripts to convert csh startup
+    files to bash format.
+
+d.  There is a new builtin array variable: BASH_VERSINFO.  The various
+    members hold the parts of the version information in BASH_VERSION,
+    plus the value of MACHTYPE.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  Setting LANG to `en_US.ISO8859-1' now causes readline to enter
+    eight-bit mode.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-alpha4,
+and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha3.
+
+1.  Changes to Bash
+
+a.  There is better detection of rsh connections on Solaris 2.
+
+b.  Assignments to read-only variables preceding a command name are now
+    variable assignment errors.  Variable assignment errors cause
+    non-interactive shells running in posix mode to exit.
+
+c.  The word tokenizer was rewritten to handle nested quotes and pairs
+    ('', "", ``, ${...}, $(...), $[...], $'...', $"...", <(...), >(...))
+    correctly.  Some of the parameter expansion code was updated as a
+    consequence.
+
+d.  A fix was made to `test' when given three arguments so that a binary
+    operator is checked for first, before checking that the first argument
+    is `!'.
+
+e.  2''>/dev/null is no longer equivalent to 2>/dev/null.
+
+f.  Parser error messages were regularized, and in most cases the name of
+    the shell script being read by a non-interactive shell is not printed
+    twice.
+
+g.  A fix was made to the completion code so that it no longer removes the
+    text the user typed in some cases.
+
+h.  The special glibc `getopt' environment variable is no longer put into
+    the environment on machines with small values of ARG_MAX.
+
+i.  The expansion of ${...} now follows the POSIX.2 rules for finding the
+    closing `}'.
+
+j.  The shell no longer displays spurious status messages for background
+    jobs in shell scripts that complete successfully when the script is
+    run from a terminal.
+
+k.  `shopt -o' now correctly updates $SHELLOPTS.
+
+l.  A bug that caused the $PATH searching code to return a non-executable
+    file even when an executable file with the same name appeared later in
+    $PATH was fixed.
+
+m.  The shell now does tilde expansions on unquoted `:~' in assignment
+    statements when not in posix mode.
+
+n.  Variable assignment errors when a command consists only of assignments
+    now cause non-interactive shells to exit when in posix mode.
+
+o.  If the variable in a `for' or `select' command is read-only, or not a
+    legal shell identifier, a variable assignment error occurs.
+
+p.  `test' now handles `-a' and `-o' as binary operators when three arguments
+    are supplied, and correctly parses `( word )' as equivalent to `word'.
+
+q.  `test' was fixed so that file names of the form /dev/fd/NN mean the same
+    thing on all systems, even Linux.
+
+r.  Fixed a bug in the globbing code that caused patterns with multiple
+    consecutive `*'s to not be matched correctly.
+
+s.  Fixed a bug that caused $PS2 to not be printed when an interactive shell
+    not using readline is reading a here document.
+
+t.  Fixed a bug that caused history expansion to be performed inappropriately
+    when a single-quoted string spanned more than one line.
+
+u.  `getopts' now checks that the variable name passed by the user as the
+    second argument is a legal shell identifier and that the variable is
+    not read-only.
+
+v.  Fixed `getopts' to obey POSIX.2 rules for setting $OPTIND when it
+    encounters an error.
+
+w.  Fixed `set' to display variable values in a form that can be re-read.
+
+x.  Fixed a bug in the code that keeps track of whether or not local variables
+    have been declared at the current level of function nesting.
+
+y.  Non-interactive shells in posix mode now exit if the name in a function
+    declaration is not a legal identifier.
+
+z.  The job control code now ignores stopped children when the shell is not
+    interactive.
+
+aa. The `cd' builtin no longer attempts spelling correction on the directory
+    name if the shell is not interactive, regardless of the setting of the
+    `cdspell' option.
+
+bb. Some OS-specific changes were made for SCO 3.2v[45] and AIX 4.2.
+
+cc. `time' now prints its output to stderr, as POSIX.2 specifies.
+
+2.  Fixes to Readline
+
+a.  After printing possible completions, all lines of a multi-line prompt
+    are redisplayed.
+
+b.  Some changes were made to the terminal handling code in rltty.c to
+    work around AIX 4.2 bugs.
+
+3.  New Features in Bash
+
+a.  There is a new loadable builtin: sprintf, with calling syntax
+		sprintf var format [args]
+    This provides an easy way to simulate ksh left- and right-justified
+    variable values.
+
+b.  The expansions of \h and \H in prompt strings were swapped.  \h now
+    expands to the hostname up to the first `.', as in bash-1.14.
+
+4.  New Features in Readline
+
+a.  The bash-1.14 behavior when ^M is typed while doing an incremental
+    search was restored.  ^J may now be used to terminate the search without
+    accepting the line.
+
+b.  There is a new bindable variable: disable-completion.  This inhibits
+    word completion and causes the completion character to be inserted as
+    if it had been bound to self-insert.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-alpha3,
+and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha2.
+
+There is now a file `COMPAT' included in the distribution that lists the
+user-visible incompatibilities between 1.14 and 2.0.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Some work was done so that word splitting of the rhs of assignment
+   statements conforms more closely to historical practice.
+
+b. A couple of errant memory frees were fixed.
+
+c. A fix was made to the test builtin so it recognizes `<' and `>' as
+   binary operators.
+
+d. The GNU malloc in lib/malloc/malloc.c now scrambles memory as it's
+   allocated and freed.  This is to catch callers that refer to freed
+   memory or assume something about newly-allocated memory.
+
+e. Fixed a problem with conversion to 12-hour time in the prompt
+   expansion code.
+
+f. Fixed a problem with configure's argument parsing order.  Now you can
+   correctly turn on specific options after using --enable-minimal-config.
+
+g. The configure script now automatically disables the use of GNU malloc
+   on systems where it's appropriate (better than having people read the
+   NOTES file and do it manually).
+
+h. There are new prompt expansions (\v and \V) to insert version information
+   into the prompt strings.
+
+i. The default prompt string now includes the version number.
+
+j. Most of the builtins that take no options were changed to use the
+   internal getopt so they can produce proper error messages for -?
+   and incorrect options.
+
+k. Some system-specific changes were made for SVR4.2 and Solaris 2.5.
+
+l. Bash now uses PATH_MAX instead of MAXPATHLEN and NAME_MAX instead of
+   MAXNAMLEN.
+
+m. A couple of problems caused by uninitialized variables were fixed.
+
+n. There are a number of new loadable builtin examples: logname, basename,
+   dirname, tty, pathchk, tee, head, and rmdir.  All of these conform to
+   POSIX.2.
+
+o. Bash now notices changes in TZ and calls tzset() if present, so
+   changing TZ will alter the time printed by prompt expansions.
+
+p. The source was reorganized a bit so I don't have to wait so long for
+   some files to compile, and to facilitate the creation of a `shell
+   library' at some future point.
+
+q. Bash no longer turns off job control if called as `sh', since the
+   POSIX.2 spec includes job control as a standard feature.
+
+r. `bash -o posix' now works as intended.
+
+s. Fixed a problem with the completion code: when completing a filename
+   that contained globbing characters, if show-all-if-ambiguous was set,
+   the completion code would remove the user's text.
+
+t. Fixed ulimit so that (hopefully) the full range of limits is available
+   on HPUX systems.
+
+u. A new `shopt' option (`hostcomplete') enables and disables hostname
+   completion.
+
+v. The shell no longer attempts to save the history on an abort(),
+   which is usually called by programming_error().
+
+w. The `-s' option to `fc' was changed to echo the command to be executed
+   to stderr instead of stdout.
+
+x. If the editor invoked by `fc -e' exits with a non-zero status, no
+   commands are executed.
+
+y. Fixed a bug that made the shopt `histverify' option work incorrectly.
+
+z. There is a new variable `MACHTYPE' whose value is the GNU-style
+   `cpu-company-system' system description as set by configure.  (The
+   values of MACHTYPE and HOSTTYPE should really be swapped.)
+
+aa. The `ulimit' builtin now allows the maximum virtual memory size to be
+    set via setrlimit(2) if RLIMIT_VMEM is defined.
+
+bb. `bash -nc 'command'' no longer runs `command'.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a typo in the code that checked for FIONREAD in input.c.
+
+b. Fixed a bug in the code that outputs keybindings, so things like C-\
+   are quoted properly.
+
+c. Fixed a bug in the inputrc file parsing code to handle the problems
+   caused by inputrc files created from the output of `bind -p' in
+   previous versions of bash.  The problem was due to the bug fixed
+   in item b above.
+
+d. Readline no longer turns off the terminal's meta key, and turns it on
+   once the first time it's called.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This file documents the changes between this version, bash-2.0-alpha2,
+and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. The shell no longer thinks directories are executable.
+
+b. `disown' has a new option, `h', which inhibits the resending of SIGHUP
+   but does not remove the job from the jobs table.
+
+c. The varargs functions in error.c now use ANSI-C `stdarg' if available.
+
+d. The build process now treats the `build version' in .build as local to
+   the build directory, so different versions built from the same source
+   tree have different `build versions'.
+
+e. Some problems with the grammar have been fixed. (It used `list' in a few
+   productions where `compound_list' was needed.  A `list' must be terminated
+   with a newline or semicolon; a `compound_list' need not be.)
+
+f. A fix was made to keep `wait' from hanging when waiting for all background
+   jobs.
+
+g. `bash --help' now writes its output to stdout, like the GNU Coding Standards
+   specify, and includes the machine type (the value of MACHTYPE).
+
+h. `bash --version' now prints more information and exits successfully, like
+   the GNU Coding Standards specify.
+
+i. The output of `time' and `times' now prints fractional seconds with three
+   places after the decimal point.
+
+j. A bug that caused process substitutions to screw up the pipeline printed
+   by `jobs' was fixed.
+
+k. Fixes were made to the code that implements $'...' and $"..." so they
+   work as documented.
+
+l. The process substitution code now opens named pipes for reading with
+   O_NONBLOCK to avoid hanging.
+
+m. Fixes were made to the trap code so the shell cleans up correctly if the
+   trap command contains a `return' and we're executing a function or
+   sourcing a script with `.'.
+
+n. Fixes to doc/Makefile.in so that it doesn't try to remake all of the
+   documentation (ps, dvi, etc.) on a `make install'.
+
+o. Fixed an auto-increment error that caused bash -c args to sometimes dump
+   core.
+
+p. Fixed a bug that caused $HISTIGNORE to fail when the history line
+   contained globbing characters.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. There is a new string variable, rl_library_version, available for use by
+   applications.  The current value is "2.1".
+
+b. A bug encountered when expand-tilde was enabled and file completion was
+   attempted on a word beginning with `~/' was fixed.
+
+c. A slight change was made to the incremental search termination behavior.
+   ESC still terminates the search, but if input is pending or arrives
+   within 0.1 seconds (on systems with select(2)), it is used as a prefix
+   character.  This is intended to allow users to terminate searches with
+   the arrow keys and get the behavior they expect.