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@@ -0,0 +1,495 @@ +Basic Installation +================== + +These are installation instructions for Bash. + +The simplest way to compile Bash is: + + 1. 'cd' to the directory containing the source code and type + './configure' to configure Bash for your system. If you're using + 'csh' on an old version of System V, you might need to type 'sh + ./configure' instead to prevent 'csh' from trying to execute + 'configure' itself. + + Running 'configure' takes some time. While running, it prints + messages telling which features it is checking for. + + 2. Type 'make' to compile Bash and build the 'bashbug' bug reporting + script. + + 3. Optionally, type 'make tests' to run the Bash test suite. + + 4. Type 'make install' to install 'bash' and 'bashbug'. This will + also install the manual pages and Info file, message translation + files, some supplemental documentation, a number of example + loadable builtin commands, and a set of header files for developing + loadable builtins. You may need additional privileges to install + 'bash' to your desired destination, so 'sudo make install' might be + required. More information about controlling the locations where + 'bash' and other files are installed is below (*note Installation + Names::). + +The 'configure' shell script attempts to guess correct values for +various system-dependent variables used during compilation. It uses +those values to create a 'Makefile' in each directory of the package +(the top directory, the 'builtins', 'doc', 'po', and 'support' +directories, each directory under 'lib', and several others). It also +creates a 'config.h' file containing system-dependent definitions. +Finally, it creates a shell script named 'config.status' that you can +run in the future to recreate the current configuration, a file +'config.cache' that saves the results of its tests to speed up +reconfiguring, and a file 'config.log' containing compiler output +(useful mainly for debugging 'configure'). If at some point +'config.cache' contains results you don't want to keep, you may remove +or edit it. + +To find out more about the options and arguments that the 'configure' +script understands, type + + bash-4.2$ ./configure --help + +at the Bash prompt in your Bash source directory. + +If you want to build Bash in a directory separate from the source +directory - to build for multiple architectures, for example - just use +the full path to the configure script. The following commands will +build bash in a directory under '/usr/local/build' from the source code +in '/usr/local/src/bash-4.4': + + mkdir /usr/local/build/bash-4.4 + cd /usr/local/build/bash-4.4 + bash /usr/local/src/bash-4.4/configure + make + +See *note Compiling For Multiple Architectures:: for more information +about building in a directory separate from the source. + +If you need to do unusual things to compile Bash, please try to figure +out how 'configure' could check whether or not to do them, and mail +diffs or instructions to <bash-maintainers@gnu.org> so they can be +considered for the next release. + +The file 'configure.ac' is used to create 'configure' by a program +called Autoconf. You only need 'configure.ac' if you want to change it +or regenerate 'configure' using a newer version of Autoconf. If you do +this, make sure you are using Autoconf version 2.69 or newer. + +You can remove the program binaries and object files from the source +code directory by typing 'make clean'. To also remove the files that +'configure' created (so you can compile Bash for a different kind of +computer), type 'make distclean'. + +Compilers and Options +===================== + +Some systems require unusual options for compilation or linking that the +'configure' script does not know about. You can give 'configure' +initial values for variables by setting them in the environment. Using +a Bourne-compatible shell, you can do that on the command line like +this: + + CC=c89 CFLAGS=-O2 LIBS=-lposix ./configure + +On systems that have the 'env' program, you can do it like this: + + env CPPFLAGS=-I/usr/local/include LDFLAGS=-s ./configure + +The configuration process uses GCC to build Bash if it is available. + +Compiling For Multiple Architectures +==================================== + +You can compile Bash for more than one kind of computer at the same +time, by placing the object files for each architecture in their own +directory. To do this, you must use a version of 'make' that supports +the 'VPATH' variable, such as GNU 'make'. 'cd' to the directory where +you want the object files and executables to go and run the 'configure' +script from the source directory (*note Basic Installation::). You may +need to supply the '--srcdir=PATH' argument to tell 'configure' where +the source files are. 'configure' automatically checks for the source +code in the directory that 'configure' is in and in '..'. + +If you have to use a 'make' that does not support the 'VPATH' variable, +you can compile Bash for one architecture at a time in the source code +directory. After you have installed Bash for one architecture, use +'make distclean' before reconfiguring for another architecture. + +Alternatively, if your system supports symbolic links, you can use the +'support/mkclone' script to create a build tree which has symbolic links +back to each file in the source directory. Here's an example that +creates a build directory in the current directory from a source +directory '/usr/gnu/src/bash-2.0': + + bash /usr/gnu/src/bash-2.0/support/mkclone -s /usr/gnu/src/bash-2.0 . + +The 'mkclone' script requires Bash, so you must have already built Bash +for at least one architecture before you can create build directories +for other architectures. + +Installation Names +================== + +By default, 'make install' will install into '/usr/local/bin', +'/usr/local/man', etc.; that is, the "installation prefix" defaults to +'/usr/local'. You can specify an installation prefix other than +'/usr/local' by giving 'configure' the option '--prefix=PATH', or by +specifying a value for the 'prefix' 'make' variable when running 'make +install' (e.g., 'make install prefix=PATH'). The 'prefix' variable +provides a default for 'exec_prefix' and other variables used when +installing bash. + +You can specify separate installation prefixes for architecture-specific +files and architecture-independent files. If you give 'configure' the +option '--exec-prefix=PATH', 'make install' will use PATH as the prefix +for installing programs and libraries. Documentation and other data +files will still use the regular prefix. + +If you would like to change the installation locations for a single run, +you can specify these variables as arguments to 'make': 'make install +exec_prefix=/' will install 'bash' and 'bashbug' into '/bin' instead of +the default '/usr/local/bin'. + +If you want to see the files bash will install and where it will install +them without changing anything on your system, specify the variable +'DESTDIR' as an argument to 'make'. Its value should be the absolute +directory path you'd like to use as the root of your sample installation +tree. For example, + + mkdir /fs1/bash-install + make install DESTDIR=/fs1/bash-install + +will install 'bash' into '/fs1/bash-install/usr/local/bin/bash', the +documentation into directories within +'/fs1/bash-install/usr/local/share', the example loadable builtins into +'/fs1/bash-install/usr/local/lib/bash', and so on. You can use the +usual 'exec_prefix' and 'prefix' variables to alter the directory paths +beneath the value of 'DESTDIR'. + +The GNU Makefile standards provide a more complete description of these +variables and their effects. + +Specifying the System Type +========================== + +There may be some features 'configure' can not figure out automatically, +but needs to determine by the type of host Bash will run on. Usually +'configure' can figure that out, but if it prints a message saying it +can not guess the host type, give it the '--host=TYPE' option. 'TYPE' +can either be a short name for the system type, such as 'sun4', or a +canonical name with three fields: 'CPU-COMPANY-SYSTEM' (e.g., +'i386-unknown-freebsd4.2'). + +See the file 'support/config.sub' for the possible values of each field. + +Sharing Defaults +================ + +If you want to set default values for 'configure' scripts to share, you +can create a site shell script called 'config.site' that gives default +values for variables like 'CC', 'cache_file', and 'prefix'. 'configure' +looks for 'PREFIX/share/config.site' if it exists, then +'PREFIX/etc/config.site' if it exists. Or, you can set the +'CONFIG_SITE' environment variable to the location of the site script. +A warning: the Bash 'configure' looks for a site script, but not all +'configure' scripts do. + +Operation Controls +================== + +'configure' recognizes the following options to control how it operates. + +'--cache-file=FILE' + Use and save the results of the tests in FILE instead of + './config.cache'. Set FILE to '/dev/null' to disable caching, for + debugging 'configure'. + +'--help' + Print a summary of the options to 'configure', and exit. + +'--quiet' +'--silent' +'-q' + Do not print messages saying which checks are being made. + +'--srcdir=DIR' + Look for the Bash source code in directory DIR. Usually + 'configure' can determine that directory automatically. + +'--version' + Print the version of Autoconf used to generate the 'configure' + script, and exit. + +'configure' also accepts some other, not widely used, boilerplate +options. 'configure --help' prints the complete list. + +Optional Features +================= + +The Bash 'configure' has a number of '--enable-FEATURE' options, where +FEATURE indicates an optional part of Bash. There are also several +'--with-PACKAGE' options, where PACKAGE is something like 'bash-malloc' +or 'purify'. To turn off the default use of a package, use +'--without-PACKAGE'. To configure Bash without a feature that is +enabled by default, use '--disable-FEATURE'. + +Here is a complete list of the '--enable-' and '--with-' options that +the Bash 'configure' recognizes. + +'--with-afs' + Define if you are using the Andrew File System from Transarc. + +'--with-bash-malloc' + Use the Bash version of 'malloc' in the directory 'lib/malloc'. + This is not the same 'malloc' that appears in GNU libc, but an + older version originally derived from the 4.2 BSD 'malloc'. This + 'malloc' is very fast, but wastes some space on each allocation. + This option is enabled by default. The 'NOTES' file contains a + list of systems for which this should be turned off, and + 'configure' disables this option automatically for a number of + systems. + +'--with-curses' + Use the curses library instead of the termcap library. This should + be supplied if your system has an inadequate or incomplete termcap + database. + +'--with-gnu-malloc' + A synonym for '--with-bash-malloc'. + +'--with-installed-readline[=PREFIX]' + Define this to make Bash link with a locally-installed version of + Readline rather than the version in 'lib/readline'. This works + only with Readline 5.0 and later versions. If PREFIX is 'yes' or + not supplied, 'configure' uses the values of the make variables + 'includedir' and 'libdir', which are subdirectories of 'prefix' by + default, to find the installed version of Readline if it is not in + the standard system include and library directories. If PREFIX is + 'no', Bash links with the version in 'lib/readline'. If PREFIX is + set to any other value, 'configure' treats it as a directory + pathname and looks for the installed version of Readline in + subdirectories of that directory (include files in PREFIX/'include' + and the library in PREFIX/'lib'). + +'--with-libintl-prefix[=PREFIX]' + Define this to make Bash link with a locally-installed version of + the libintl library instead of the version in 'lib/intl'. + +'--with-libiconv-prefix[=PREFIX]' + Define this to make Bash look for libiconv in PREFIX instead of the + standard system locations. There is no version included with Bash. + +'--enable-minimal-config' + This produces a shell with minimal features, close to the + historical Bourne shell. + +There are several '--enable-' options that alter how Bash is compiled, +linked, and installed, rather than changing run-time features. + +'--enable-largefile' + Enable support for large files + (http://www.unix.org/version2/whatsnew/lfs20mar.html) if the + operating system requires special compiler options to build + programs which can access large files. This is enabled by default, + if the operating system provides large file support. + +'--enable-profiling' + This builds a Bash binary that produces profiling information to be + processed by 'gprof' each time it is executed. + +'--enable-separate-helpfiles' + Use external files for the documentation displayed by the 'help' + builtin instead of storing the text internally. + +'--enable-static-link' + This causes Bash to be linked statically, if 'gcc' is being used. + This could be used to build a version to use as root's shell. + +The 'minimal-config' option can be used to disable all of the following +options, but it is processed first, so individual options may be enabled +using 'enable-FEATURE'. + +All of the following options except for 'alt-array-implementation', +'disabled-builtins', 'direxpand-default', 'strict-posix-default', and +'xpg-echo-default' are enabled by default, unless the operating system +does not provide the necessary support. + +'--enable-alias' + Allow alias expansion and include the 'alias' and 'unalias' + builtins (*note Aliases::). + +'--enable-alt-array-implementation' + This builds bash using an alternate implementation of arrays (*note + Arrays::) that provides faster access at the expense of using more + memory (sometimes many times more, depending on how sparse an array + is). + +'--enable-arith-for-command' + Include support for the alternate form of the 'for' command that + behaves like the C language 'for' statement (*note Looping + Constructs::). + +'--enable-array-variables' + Include support for one-dimensional array shell variables (*note + Arrays::). + +'--enable-bang-history' + Include support for 'csh'-like history substitution (*note History + Interaction::). + +'--enable-brace-expansion' + Include 'csh'-like brace expansion ( 'b{a,b}c' ==> 'bac bbc' ). + See *note Brace Expansion::, for a complete description. + +'--enable-casemod-attributes' + Include support for case-modifying attributes in the 'declare' + builtin and assignment statements. Variables with the 'uppercase' + attribute, for example, will have their values converted to + uppercase upon assignment. + +'--enable-casemod-expansion' + Include support for case-modifying word expansions. + +'--enable-command-timing' + Include support for recognizing 'time' as a reserved word and for + displaying timing statistics for the pipeline following 'time' + (*note Pipelines::). This allows pipelines as well as shell + builtins and functions to be timed. + +'--enable-cond-command' + Include support for the '[[' conditional command. (*note + Conditional Constructs::). + +'--enable-cond-regexp' + Include support for matching POSIX regular expressions using the + '=~' binary operator in the '[[' conditional command. (*note + Conditional Constructs::). + +'--enable-coprocesses' + Include support for coprocesses and the 'coproc' reserved word + (*note Pipelines::). + +'--enable-debugger' + Include support for the bash debugger (distributed separately). + +'--enable-dev-fd-stat-broken' + If calling 'stat' on /dev/fd/N returns different results than + calling 'fstat' on file descriptor N, supply this option to enable + a workaround. This has implications for conditional commands that + test file attributes. + +'--enable-direxpand-default' + Cause the 'direxpand' shell option (*note The Shopt Builtin::) to + be enabled by default when the shell starts. It is normally + disabled by default. + +'--enable-directory-stack' + Include support for a 'csh'-like directory stack and the 'pushd', + 'popd', and 'dirs' builtins (*note The Directory Stack::). + +'--enable-disabled-builtins' + Allow builtin commands to be invoked via 'builtin xxx' even after + 'xxx' has been disabled using 'enable -n xxx'. See *note Bash + Builtins::, for details of the 'builtin' and 'enable' builtin + commands. + +'--enable-dparen-arithmetic' + Include support for the '((...))' command (*note Conditional + Constructs::). + +'--enable-extended-glob' + Include support for the extended pattern matching features + described above under *note Pattern Matching::. + +'--enable-extended-glob-default' + Set the default value of the 'extglob' shell option described above + under *note The Shopt Builtin:: to be enabled. + +'--enable-function-import' + Include support for importing function definitions exported by + another instance of the shell from the environment. This option is + enabled by default. + +'--enable-glob-asciirange-default' + Set the default value of the 'globasciiranges' shell option + described above under *note The Shopt Builtin:: to be enabled. + This controls the behavior of character ranges when used in pattern + matching bracket expressions. + +'--enable-help-builtin' + Include the 'help' builtin, which displays help on shell builtins + and variables (*note Bash Builtins::). + +'--enable-history' + Include command history and the 'fc' and 'history' builtin commands + (*note Bash History Facilities::). + +'--enable-job-control' + This enables the job control features (*note Job Control::), if the + operating system supports them. + +'--enable-multibyte' + This enables support for multibyte characters if the operating + system provides the necessary support. + +'--enable-net-redirections' + This enables the special handling of filenames of the form + '/dev/tcp/HOST/PORT' and '/dev/udp/HOST/PORT' when used in + redirections (*note Redirections::). + +'--enable-process-substitution' + This enables process substitution (*note Process Substitution::) if + the operating system provides the necessary support. + +'--enable-progcomp' + Enable the programmable completion facilities (*note Programmable + Completion::). If Readline is not enabled, this option has no + effect. + +'--enable-prompt-string-decoding' + Turn on the interpretation of a number of backslash-escaped + characters in the '$PS0', '$PS1', '$PS2', and '$PS4' prompt + strings. See *note Controlling the Prompt::, for a complete list + of prompt string escape sequences. + +'--enable-readline' + Include support for command-line editing and history with the Bash + version of the Readline library (*note Command Line Editing::). + +'--enable-restricted' + Include support for a "restricted shell". If this is enabled, + Bash, when called as 'rbash', enters a restricted mode. See *note + The Restricted Shell::, for a description of restricted mode. + +'--enable-select' + Include the 'select' compound command, which allows the generation + of simple menus (*note Conditional Constructs::). + +'--enable-single-help-strings' + Store the text displayed by the 'help' builtin as a single string + for each help topic. This aids in translating the text to + different languages. You may need to disable this if your compiler + cannot handle very long string literals. + +'--enable-strict-posix-default' + Make Bash POSIX-conformant by default (*note Bash POSIX Mode::). + +'--enable-translatable-strings' + Enable support for '$"STRING"' translatable strings (*note Locale + Translation::). + +'--enable-usg-echo-default' + A synonym for '--enable-xpg-echo-default'. + +'--enable-xpg-echo-default' + Make the 'echo' builtin expand backslash-escaped characters by + default, without requiring the '-e' option. This sets the default + value of the 'xpg_echo' shell option to 'on', which makes the Bash + 'echo' behave more like the version specified in the Single Unix + Specification, version 3. *Note Bash Builtins::, for a description + of the escape sequences that 'echo' recognizes. + +The file 'config-top.h' contains C Preprocessor '#define' statements for +options which are not settable from 'configure'. Some of these are not +meant to be changed; beware of the consequences if you do. Read the +comments associated with each definition for more information about its +effect. |