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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/bashref.ps')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bashref.ps | 22641 |
1 files changed, 22641 insertions, 0 deletions
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b(p)s(osix)g(mo)s(de,)j(single)e(quotes)g(are)g(considered)f +(sp)s(ecial)h(when)f(expanding)g(the)810 3168 y Fr(w)m(ord)d +Fu(p)s(ortion)c(of)g(a)h(double-quoted)g($)p Fi({)6 b +Fu(.)22 b(.)h(.)11 b Fi(})33 b Fu(parameter)g(expansion)f(and)g(can)h +(b)s(e)810 3278 y(used)40 b(to)i(quote)g(a)f(closing)h(brace)f(or)g +(other)h(sp)s(ecial)f(c)m(haracter)i(\(this)e(is)g(part)g(of)810 +3387 y Fm(posix)36 b Fu(in)m(terpretation)h(221\);)42 +b(in)36 b(later)h(v)m(ersions,)h(single)f(quotes)g(are)g(not)f(sp)s +(ecial)810 3497 y(within)30 b(double-quoted)g(w)m(ord)g(expansions)150 +3656 y Ft(compat43)705 3791 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)31 +b(shell)g(do)s(es)g(not)g(prin)m(t)f(a)h(w)m(arning)g(message)h(if)f +(an)g(attempt)h(is)f(made)f(to)i(use)f(a)810 3900 y(quoted)36 +b(comp)s(ound)e(assignmen)m(t)i(as)g(an)g(argumen)m(t)g(to)g(declare)h +(\(e.g.,)i(declare)d(-a)810 4010 y(fo)s(o='\(1)31 b(2\)'\).)42 +b(Later)31 b(v)m(ersions)g(w)m(arn)f(that)h(this)f(usage)h(is)g +(deprecated)705 4144 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(w)m(ord)21 b(expansion)g(errors) +g(are)h(considered)f(non-fatal)h(errors)f(that)h(cause)g(the)f(curren)m +(t)810 4254 y(command)k(to)g(fail,)i(ev)m(en)e(in)g(p)s(osix)f(mo)s(de) +h(\(the)g(default)g(b)s(eha)m(vior)g(is)g(to)g(mak)m(e)h(them)810 +4364 y(fatal)32 b(errors)d(that)i(cause)g(the)g(shell)f(to)i(exit\))705 +4498 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(when)37 b(executing)i(a)g(shell)f(function,)i +(the)f(lo)s(op)f(state)h(\(while/un)m(til/etc.\))68 b(is)38 +b(not)810 4608 y(reset,)c(so)g Ft(break)d Fu(or)i Ft(continue)e +Fu(in)h(that)i(function)f(will)g(break)g(or)g(con)m(tin)m(ue)h(lo)s +(ops)810 4717 y(in)h(the)g(calling)h(con)m(text.)57 b(Bash-4.4)37 +b(and)d(later)i(reset)g(the)f(lo)s(op)g(state)i(to)e(prev)m(en)m(t)810 +4827 y(this)150 4986 y Ft(compat44)705 5121 y Fq(\017)60 +b Fu(the)41 b(shell)g(sets)g(up)e(the)i(v)-5 b(alues)41 +b(used)f(b)m(y)h Ft(BASH_ARGV)d Fu(and)i Ft(BASH_ARGC)e +Fu(so)j(they)810 5230 y(can)26 b(expand)f(to)h(the)g(shell's)g(p)s +(ositional)g(parameters)g(ev)m(en)h(if)e(extended)h(debugging)810 +5340 y(mo)s(de)k(is)g(not)h(enabled)p eop end +%%Page: 112 118 +TeXDict begin 112 117 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 +b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2439 b(112)705 299 y Fq(\017)60 +b Fu(a)40 b(subshell)f(inherits)g(lo)s(ops)h(from)g(its)g(paren)m(t)g +(con)m(text,)k(so)c Ft(break)e Fu(or)i Ft(continue)810 +408 y Fu(will)35 b(cause)g(the)f(subshell)f(to)i(exit.)54 +b(Bash-5.0)36 b(and)d(later)j(reset)f(the)f(lo)s(op)h(state)g(to)810 +518 y(prev)m(en)m(t)c(the)g(exit)705 653 y Fq(\017)60 +b Fu(v)-5 b(ariable)28 b(assignmen)m(ts)h(preceding)f(builtins)f(lik)m +(e)i Ft(export)d Fu(and)h Ft(readonly)e Fu(that)j(set)810 +762 y(attributes)37 b(con)m(tin)m(ue)h(to)g(a\013ect)g(v)-5 +b(ariables)37 b(with)g(the)f(same)h(name)g(in)g(the)f(calling)810 +872 y(en)m(vironmen)m(t)31 b(ev)m(en)g(if)f(the)h(shell)g(is)f(not)h +(in)f(p)s(osix)f(mo)s(de)150 1031 y Ft(compat50)f(\(set)h(using)g +(BASH_COMPAT\))705 1141 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash-5.1)29 +b(c)m(hanged)g(the)f(w)m(a)m(y)g Ft($RANDOM)e Fu(is)i(generated)h(to)f +(in)m(tro)s(duce)g(sligh)m(tly)h(more)810 1250 y(randomness.)39 +b(If)30 b(the)f(shell)h(compatibilit)m(y)i(lev)m(el)f(is)f(set)g(to)h +(50)f(or)g(lo)m(w)m(er,)h(it)f(rev)m(erts)810 1360 y(to)e(the)g(metho)s +(d)f(from)g(bash-5.0)h(and)f(previous)g(v)m(ersions,)i(so)e(seeding)h +(the)g(random)810 1469 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)36 b(generator)j(b)m(y)e +(assigning)h(a)g(v)-5 b(alue)38 b(to)g Ft(RANDOM)e Fu(will)i(pro)s +(duce)e(the)i(same)810 1579 y(sequence)31 b(as)f(in)g(bash-5.0)705 +1714 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(If)22 b(the)g(command)g(hash)f(table)i(is)f +(empt)m(y)-8 b(,)25 b(Bash)d(v)m(ersions)g(prior)g(to)h(bash-5.1)f +(prin)m(ted)810 1823 y(an)29 b(informational)i(message)g(to)f(that)g +(e\013ect,)h(ev)m(en)g(when)d(pro)s(ducing)g(output)h(that)810 +1933 y(can)40 b(b)s(e)g(reused)f(as)h(input.)69 b(Bash-5.1)42 +b(suppresses)c(that)j(message)g(when)e(the)i Ft(-l)810 +2042 y Fu(option)31 b(is)f(supplied.)150 2202 y Ft(compat51)e(\(set)h +(using)g(BASH_COMPAT\))705 2311 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)38 +b Ft(unset)g Fu(builtin)g(will)h(unset)f(the)h(arra)m(y)g +Ft(a)g Fu(giv)m(en)g(an)g(argumen)m(t)g(lik)m(e)h(`)p +Ft(a[@])p Fu('.)810 2421 y(Bash-5.2)32 b(will)f(unset)f(an)g(elemen)m +(t)i(with)e(k)m(ey)i(`)p Ft(@)p Fu(')e(\(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)k(arra)m +(ys\))d(or)f(remo)m(v)m(e)810 2531 y(all)h(the)g(elemen)m(ts)h(without) +e(unsetting)g(the)h(arra)m(y)g(\(indexed)f(arra)m(ys\))705 +2665 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(arithmetic)36 b(commands)e(\()h(\(\(...\)\))55 +b(\))f(and)34 b(the)g(expressions)h(in)f(an)g(arithmetic)i(for)810 +2775 y(statemen)m(t)c(can)f(b)s(e)f(expanded)f(more)i(than)f(once)705 +2909 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(expressions)22 b(used)g(as)h(argumen)m(ts)g(to)h +(arithmetic)f(op)s(erators)g(in)g(the)g Ft([[)f Fu(conditional)810 +3019 y(command)30 b(can)h(b)s(e)f(expanded)f(more)i(than)f(once)705 +3153 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)35 b(expressions)g(in)g(substring)e +(parameter)j(brace)f(expansion)g(can)g(b)s(e)g(expanded)810 +3263 y(more)c(than)f(once)705 3397 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)39 +b(expressions)f(in)g(the)h($\(\()h(...)66 b(\)\))f(w)m(ord)39 +b(expansion)f(can)h(b)s(e)f(expanded)g(more)810 3507 +y(than)30 b(once)705 3641 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(arithmetic)36 +b(expressions)f(used)f(as)h(indexed)f(arra)m(y)i(subscripts)d(can)i(b)s +(e)g(expanded)810 3751 y(more)c(than)f(once)705 3885 +y Fq(\017)60 b Ft(test)29 b(-v)p Fu(,)35 b(when)f(giv)m(en)h(an)g +(argumen)m(t)g(of)f(`)p Ft(A[@])p Fu(',)h(where)f Fr(A)h +Fu(is)f(an)h(existing)g(asso-)810 3995 y(ciativ)m(e)h(arra)m(y)-8 +b(,)37 b(will)d(return)f(true)g(if)h(the)h(arra)m(y)f(has)g(an)m(y)g +(set)g(elemen)m(ts.)53 b(Bash-5.2)810 4105 y(will)31 +b(lo)s(ok)g(for)f(and)g(rep)s(ort)f(on)i(a)f(k)m(ey)i(named)d(`)p +Ft(@)p Fu(')705 4239 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)40 b($)p Fi({)p +Fr(parameter)7 b Fu([:]=)p Fr(v)-5 b(alue)5 b Fi(})42 +b Fu(w)m(ord)e(expansion)f(will)i(return)d Fr(v)-5 b(alue)p +Fu(,)43 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