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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/builtins.ps')
-rw-r--r-- | doc/builtins.ps | 3435 |
1 files changed, 3435 insertions, 0 deletions
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The)144 703.2 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519 +(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .52 +(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.02 G(pr).2 E F0 .52 +(does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 715.2 Q +(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No) +136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(2)190.545 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 3 3 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(cd)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 +E F1<ad4c>A F0(|[)A F1<ad50>A F0([)2.5 E F1<ad65>A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A/F2 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(dir)A F0(])A .322(Change the current directory to) +144 96 R F2(dir)2.822 E F0 5.322(.i)C(f)-5.322 E F2(dir)2.822 E F0 .321 +(is not supplied, the v)2.822 F .321(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.821 E F0 .321(shell v)2.571 F .321(ariable is) +-.25 F .929(the def)144 108 R 3.429(ault. The)-.1 F -.25(va)3.429 G +(riable).25 E F3(CDP)3.429 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .93 +(de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)3.179 F F2(dir) +3.78 E F0 3.43(:e).73 G(ach)-3.43 E .407(directory name in)144 120 R F3 +(CDP)2.907 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .407(is searched for)2.657 F +F2(dir)2.907 E F0 5.407(.A)C(lternati)-5.407 E .707 -.15(ve d)-.25 H +.407(irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)2.907 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 +.406(are sepa-)2.656 F .799(rated by a colon \(:\).)144 132 R 3.299(An) +5.799 G .799(ull directory name in)-3.299 F F3(CDP)3.299 E -.855(AT) +-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .799(is the same as the current directory)3.049 F +3.3(,i)-.65 G(.e.,)-3.3 E -.74(``)144 144 S F1(.).74 E F0 -.74('')C +5.428(.I).74 G(f)-5.428 E F2(dir)3.278 E F0(be)3.658 E .428 +(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F3(CDP)2.928 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) +.855 E F0 .428(is not used.)2.678 F(The)5.428 E F1<ad50>2.927 E F0 .427 +(option causes)2.927 F F1(cd)2.927 E F0 .427(to use the)2.927 F(ph)144 +156 Q .167 +(ysical directory structure by resolving symbolic links while tra)-.05 F +-.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F2(dir)2.668 E F0 .168(and before processing) +2.668 F 1.225(instances of)144 168 R F2(..)3.725 E F0(in)3.725 E F2(dir) +3.725 E F0 1.225(\(see also the)3.725 F F1<ad50>3.725 E F0 1.225 +(option to the)3.725 F F1(set)3.725 E F0 -.2(bu)3.725 G 1.225 +(iltin command\); the).2 F F1<ad4c>3.725 E F0 1.225(option forces)3.725 +F .411(symbolic links to be follo)144 180 R .411 +(wed by resolving the link after processing instances of)-.25 F F2(..) +2.911 E F0(in)2.911 E F2(dir)2.911 E F0 5.411(.I)C(f)-5.411 E F2(..) +2.912 E F0(ap-)2.912 E .341(pears in)144 192 R F2(dir)2.841 E F0 2.841 +(,i)C 2.841(ti)-2.841 G 2.841(sp)-2.841 G .341(rocessed by remo)-2.841 F +.341(ving the immediately pre)-.15 F .34(vious pathname component from) +-.25 F F2(dir)2.84 E F0(,)A .175(back to a slash or the be)144 204 R +.175(ginning of)-.15 F F2(dir)2.675 E F0 5.175(.I)C 2.675(ft)-5.175 G +(he)-2.675 E F1<ad65>2.676 E F0 .176(option is supplied with)2.676 F F1 +<ad50>2.676 E F0 2.676(,a)C .176(nd the current w)-2.676 F(ork-)-.1 E +.341(ing directory cannot be successfully determined after a successful\ + directory change,)144 216 R F1(cd)2.84 E F0 .34(will return)2.84 F .356 +(an unsuccessful status.)144 228 R .356(On systems that support it, the) +5.356 F F1<ad40>2.857 E F0 .357(option presents the e)2.857 F .357 +(xtended attrib)-.15 F(utes)-.2 E .07 +(associated with a \214le as a directory)144 240 R 5.07(.A)-.65 G 2.569 +(na)-5.07 G -.18(rg)-2.569 G .069(ument of).18 F F1<ad>2.569 E F0 .069 +(is con)2.569 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .069(rted to).15 F F3($OLDPWD)2.569 E F0 +.069(before the direc-)2.319 F .306(tory change is attempted.)144 252 R +.306(If a non-empty directory name from)5.306 F F3(CDP)2.806 E -.855(AT) +-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .306(is used, or if)2.556 F F1<ad>2.807 E F0 .307 +(is the \214rst)2.807 F(ar)144 264 Q .116(gument, and the directory cha\ +nge is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)-.18 F 2.615(ww)-.25 +G .115(orking direc-)-2.715 F .15 +(tory is written to the standard output.)144 276 R .15 +(If the directory change is successful,)5.15 F F1(cd)2.65 E F0 .15 +(sets the v)2.65 F .15(alue of the)-.25 F F1(PWD)144 288 Q F0(en)2.958 E +.458(vironment v)-.4 F .458(ariable to the ne)-.25 F 2.958(wd)-.25 G +.458(irectory name, and sets the)-2.958 F F1(OLDPWD)2.957 E F0(en)2.957 +E .457(vironment v)-.4 F(ari-)-.25 E .125(able to the v)144 300 R .125 +(alue of the current w)-.25 F .126(orking directory before the change.) +-.1 F .126(The return v)5.126 F .126(alue is true if the)-.25 F +(directory w)144 312 Q(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.) +-.1 E F1(command)108 328.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0(])A F2(command) +2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 340.8 Q F2 +(command)2.765 E F0(with)3.335 E F2(ar)2.895 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 +(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.835 F .064(Only b)5.064 +F .064(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 352.8 R +F3 -.666(PA)3.001 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.751 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F1<ad70>3.002 E F0 .502(option is gi) +3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F2(command)3.202 E +F0(is)3.772 E .4(performed using a def)144 364.8 R .4(ault v)-.1 F .4 +(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.9 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .399 +(that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) +5.399 E .174(either the)144 376.8 R F1<ad56>2.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F1 +<ad76>2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F2 +(command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F1<ad76>2.675 E +F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.318(as)144 388.8 S .818(ingle w)-3.318 F +.817(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2(command)3.617 E F0 .817(to be displayed; the)4.087 +F F1<ad56>144 400.8 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249 +(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F1<ad56>2.749 E F0(or) +2.749 E F1<ad76>2.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 412.8 R F2(command)3.705 E F0 -.1 +(wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004 +(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F2 +(command)144.2 424.8 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599 +(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599 +(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 436.8 S +(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(.).77 E F1 +(compgen)108 453.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d) +-.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 465.6 R +F2(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F2(option)2.513 +E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981 +(accepted by the)144 477.6 R F1(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F1<ad70>3.481 E F0(and) +3.481 E F1<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the) +-3.481 F .131(standard output.)144 489.6 R .131(When using the)5.131 F +F1<ad46>2.631 E F0(or)2.631 E F1<ad43>2.631 E F0 .131(options, the v) +2.631 F .13(arious shell v)-.25 F .13(ariables set by the program-)-.25 +F(mable completion f)144 501.6 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 +E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 525.6 R .352 +(ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ +em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 +537.6 R(If)5.02 E F2(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) +2.52 F(those completions matching)144 549.6 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 573.6 Q +(alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F1 +(complete)108 590.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(comp-option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F1<ad41>-2.5 E F2(action)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad47>-2.5 E F2 +(globpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad57>-2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 +(])A([)144 602.4 Q F1<ad46>A F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 +E F2(command)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad58>-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 +2.5(][)C F1<ad50>-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53> +-2.5 E F2(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(name ...)A F0(])A F1(complete \255pr)108 614.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255DEI) +A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .633(Specify ho)144 626.4 R +3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633(uments to each).18 F F2(name)3.133 +E F0 .633(should be completed.)3.133 F .634(If the)5.634 F F1<ad70>3.134 +E F0 .634(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14 +(options are supplied, e)144 638.4 R .139 +(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F .139 +(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.)144 +650.4 R(The)5.31 E F1<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2(name) +2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F2 +(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.208 +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 662.4 R(The)6.208 E +F1<ad44>3.708 E F0 1.207(option indicates that other supplied options) +3.707 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 674.4 R(`def)-.74 E +(ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 +(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 +686.4 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F1<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955 +(option indicates that)3.455 F .876 +(other supplied options and actions should apply to `)144 698.4 R +(`empty')-.74 E 3.376('c)-.74 G .876(ommand completion; that is, com-) +-3.376 F .448(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 710.4 R(The)5.447 E +F1<ad49>2.947 E F0 .447 +(option indicates that other supplied options and actions)2.947 F 1.149 +(should apply to completion on the initial non-assignment w)144 722.4 R +1.15(ord on the line, or after a command)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(3)190.545 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 4 4 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .431(delimiter such as)144 84 R/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(;)2.931 E F0(or)2.931 E F1(|)2.931 E F0 2.931(,w)C .431 +(hich is usually command name completion.)-2.931 F .43 +(If multiple options are sup-)5.43 F .707(plied, the)144 96 R F1<ad44> +3.207 E F0 .707(option tak)3.207 F .707(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G(r).15 E F1<ad45>3.208 E F0 3.208(,a)C .708(nd both tak)-3.208 F +3.208(ep)-.1 G .708(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F1<ad49> +3.208 E F0 5.708(.I)C 3.208(fa)-5.708 G 1.008 -.15(ny o)-3.208 H(f).15 E +F1<ad44>3.208 E F0(,)A F1<ad45>144 108 Q F0 2.604(,o)C(r)-2.604 E F1 +<ad49>2.604 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15 G(ther) +-2.603 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.603 E F0(ar)2.603 E .103 +(guments are ignored; these completions only apply to the)-.18 F +(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 120 Q .152 +(The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 +144 R .153(ord completion is attempted is de-)-.1 F(scribed in)144 156 Q +F2(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0(.)A .556(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 180 +R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F +.555(The ar)5.555 F .555(guments to the)-.18 F F1<ad47>3.055 E F0(,)A F1 +<ad57>3.055 E F0 3.055(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F1<ad58>3.055 E F0 .722 +(options \(and, if necessary)144 192 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F1 +<ad50>3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E F1<ad53>3.222 E F0 .723 +(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E +(sion before the)144 204 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1<ad6f>144 216 Q F2 +(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 228 Q F2(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291 +(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') +.15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 +(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 240 Q F2 +(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 252 Q F0 +.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 264 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0 +.281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 276 Q +F1(default)184 288 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')224 288 R 5.376(sd)-.55 G +(ef)-5.376 E 2.875 +(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) +224 300 Q F1(dir)184 312 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\ +etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 324 Q F1(\214lenames)184 +336 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 348 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \ +\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E +.134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 360 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 +(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45 +(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 372 R .45 +(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 384 Q F1(noquote) +184 396 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 396 S .814 +(ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F +3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F +(\214lenames is the def)224 408 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 420 Q F0 +-.7(Te)224 420 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ +ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 432 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 432 S +.22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 +F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 444 Q F1 +(plusdirs)184 456 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 456 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 +(atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F +.583(completion is attempted and an)224 468 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 480 +Q F1<ad41>144 492 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 504 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 +(may be one of the follo)2.5 E +(wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 +516 Q F0(Alias names.)224 516 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61> +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 528 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 540 Q +(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 552 Q(Readline)224 552 Q F0 -.1 +(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 564 S(iltin) +.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 564 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 576 +Q F0(Command names.)224 588 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 600 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 612 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 624 +Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 636 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 +648 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 648 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 +660 Q F0(Names of e)224 660 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. 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May) +-.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 +168 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 168 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 180 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 180 +Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 192 +Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 192 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5 +E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 +(shopt)184 204 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 204 Q F1 +(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 216 Q F0 +(Signal names.)224 216 Q F1(stopped)184 228 Q F0 +(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 228 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(.).15 E F1(user)184 240 Q F0(User names.)224 240 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 252 S +(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 252 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F +(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 264 Q/F3 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 276 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 +(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F 2.5 +(completions. Ar)184 288 R(guments are passed as with the)-.18 E F1 +<ad46>2.5 E F0(option.)2.5 E F1<ad46>144 300 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 .113 +(The shell function)184 312 R F3(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 +(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 324 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1 +($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816 +(he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 +(are being completed, the second ar)184 336 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 +($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 +(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 348 R .104 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w) +-2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103 +(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 360 R +.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the) +-.25 F F2(COMPREPL)184 372 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E +F1<ad47>144 384 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008(The pathname e)184 396 R +1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F +1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 408 Q +F1<ad50>144 420 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 432 Q(e\214x)-.37 E +F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534 +(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F +-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 444 Q F1<ad53>144 456 Q F3(suf)2.5 E +<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 456 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 +(is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 +E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 468 Q F3(wor)2.5 E +(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 480 Q F3(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 +(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139 +(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .98 +(each resultant w)184 492 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)-.15 +F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F3(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 +3.481(,i)C 3.481(no)-3.481 G .981(rder to)-3.481 F(pro)184 504 Q .766 +(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .765 +(ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25 +(va)184 516 S 1.964(lue of).25 F F2(IFS)4.464 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +A F0 1.964 +(The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which) +6.464 F(match the w)184 528 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1<ad58>144 540 +Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 552 Q F0 .456 +(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F +.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 +(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 564 R 1.596 +(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 576 Q F3(\214lterpat) +3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704 +(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 +(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704 +(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 588 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G +(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 604.8 R .466 +(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 +(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.967 E F0 +(or)2.967 E F1<ad72>2.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362 +(plied without a)144 616.8 R F3(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 +(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H +1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F3(name)144 628.8 Q F0 +(for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E +(xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E +F1(compopt)108 645.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F3(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 657.6 +R F3(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F3(option)2.947 E F0 +.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726 +(completion if no)144 669.6 R F3(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 +(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F3(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) +C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 +(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 681.6 Q F3(name) +3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) +5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F3(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 +F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 693.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) +2.678 G .178(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he) +-5.178 E F1<ad44>2.678 E F0 .178 +(option indicates that other supplied options should apply to)2.678 F +1.227(the `)144 705.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ +mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ +no)-3.727 F 2.039(completion has pre)144 717.6 R 2.039 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F1<ad45>4.538 E F0 2.038 +(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.538 +(should apply to `)144 729.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.038('c)-.74 G 1.539 +(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.) +-4.038 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22) +.15 E(5)190.545 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 6 6 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(The)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad49> +3.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that other supplied options should apply\ + to completion on the initial non-)3.02 F .867(assignment w)144 96 R +.868(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F1(;) +3.368 E F0(or)3.368 E F1(|)3.368 E F0 3.368(,w)C .868 +(hich is usually com-)-3.368 F(mand name completion.)144 108 Q .432 +(The return v)144 132 R .431(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va) +-.4 G .431(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the op-) +.25 F(tions for a)144 144 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0 +(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E +(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 160.8 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .85(Resume the ne)144 172.8 R .85 +(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)3.35 G(r).25 E F0(,)A +F1(while)3.351 E F0(,)A F1(until)3.351 E F0 3.351(,o)C(r)-3.351 E F1 +(select)3.351 E F0 3.351(loop. If)3.351 F F2(n)3.711 E F0 .851 +(is speci\214ed, re-)3.591 F .204(sume at the)144 184.8 R F2(n)2.704 E +F0 .204(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)5.564 E F0 .204(must be)2.944 F/F3 10 +/Symbol SF<b3>2.704 E F0 2.703(1. If)2.704 F F2(n)3.063 E F0 .203 +(is greater than the number of enclosing loops,)2.943 F 1.183 +(the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 196.8 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G(l').15 E 3.683('l)-.74 G 1.183(oop\) is resumed.)-3.683 F 1.184 +(The return v)6.184 F 1.184(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 +1.184(is not)3.684 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 208.8 Q F1(declar) +108 225.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(..])-2.5 E F1(typeset)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 +2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 +2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 249.6 R 1.265 +(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F +3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265 +(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v) +-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 261.6 S 3.46(riables. The).25 +F F1<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(option will display the attrib)3.46 F .96 +(utes and v)-.2 F .96(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.82 E F0 5.96(.W).18 +G(hen)-5.96 E F1<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(is used)3.46 F(with)144 273.6 Q F2 +(name)2.775 E F0(ar)2.775 E .275 +(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1<ad66>2.775 E F0(and) +2.775 E F1<ad46>2.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .274(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When) +5.274 E F1<ad70>2.774 E F0 .274(is supplied)2.774 F(without)144 285.6 Q +F2(name)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289(guments, it will display the attrib) +-.18 F 1.289(utes and v)-.2 F 1.29(alues of all v)-.25 F 1.29 +(ariables ha)-.25 F 1.29(ving the at-)-.2 F(trib)144 297.6 Q .38 +(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.)-.2 F .38 +(If no other options are supplied with)5.38 F F1<ad70>2.88 E F0(,)A F1 +(declar)2.88 E(e)-.18 E F0(will)2.88 E 1.106(display the attrib)144 +309.6 R 1.106(utes and v)-.2 F 1.106(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.606 +(ariables. The)-.25 F F1<ad66>3.606 E F0 1.107 +(option will restrict the display to)3.606 F .3(shell functions.)144 +321.6 R(The)5.3 E F1<ad46>2.8 E F0 .299(option inhibits the display of \ +function de\214nitions; only the function name)2.8 F 1.54(and attrib)144 +333.6 R 1.54(utes are printed.)-.2 F 1.54(If the)6.54 F F1(extdeb)4.04 E +(ug)-.2 E F0 1.54(shell option is enabled using)4.04 F F1(shopt)4.04 E +F0 4.04(,t)C 1.54(he source \214le)-4.04 F .648 +(name and line number where each)144 345.6 R F2(name)3.148 E F0 .648 +(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)3.148 F(The)5.648 E F1<ad46>3.148 E +F0 .648(option implies)3.148 F F1<ad66>144 357.6 Q F0 5.836(.T)C(he) +-5.836 E F1<ad67>3.336 E F0 .836(option forces v)3.336 F .837 +(ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.337(nw).15 G(hen)-3.337 E F1(de-)3.337 E(clar)144 369.6 Q +(e)-.18 E F0 .819(is e)3.319 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .819 +(cuted in a shell function.).15 F .818 +(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.818 F(The)5.818 E F1<ad49>3.318 E +F0 .818(option causes local)3.318 F -.25(va)144 381.6 S .693 +(riables to inherit the attrib).25 F .693(utes \(e)-.2 F .693(xcept the) +-.15 F F2(namer)3.194 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.194 E .694(ute\) and v)-.2 +F .694(alue of an)-.25 F 3.194(ye)-.15 G .694(xisting v)-3.344 F +(ariable)-.25 E .82(with the same)144 393.6 R F2(name)3.32 E F0 .82 +(at a surrounding scope.)3.32 F .82(If there is no e)5.82 F .82 +(xisting v)-.15 F .82(ariable, the local v)-.25 F .82(ariable is)-.25 F +.379(initially unset.)144 405.6 R .379(The follo)5.379 F .379 +(wing options can be used to restrict output to v)-.25 F .38 +(ariables with the speci\214ed)-.25 F(attrib)144 417.6 Q(ute or to gi) +-.2 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 E F1<ad61>144 +429.6 Q F0(Each)180 429.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E +F0(in)2.5 E F2(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0(\).)A F1<ad41>144 441.6 Q F0(Each)180 +441.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(in)2.5 E F2 +(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0(\).)A F1<ad66>144 453.6 Q F0 +(Use function names only)180 453.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad69>144 465.6 Q F0 +.558(The v)180 465.6 R .558(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558 +(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF .557(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION) +180 477.6 Q F0(in)2.25 E F2(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0 2.5(\)i)C 2.5(sp)-2.5 G +(erformed when the v)-2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E +F1<ad6c>144 489.6 Q F0 .909(When the v)180 489.6 R .909 +(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909 +(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer) +-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 501.6 R(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E +(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 513.6 Q F0(Gi)180 513.6 Q 1.62 -.15 +(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.82 E F0(the)3.82 E F2(namer)3.819 E(ef) +-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 +(ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E .477 +(That other v)180 525.6 R .478(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F .478 +(alue of)-.25 F F2(name)2.978 E F0 5.478(.A)C .478 +(ll references, assignments, and at-)-5.478 F(trib)180 537.6 Q .782 +(ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F2(name)3.282 E F0 3.282(,e)C .782 +(xcept those using or changing the)-3.432 F F1<ad6e>3.281 E F0(attrib) +3.281 E .781(ute itself, are)-.2 F .808(performed on the v)180 549.6 R +.808(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D +3.308(alue. The).3 F .809(nameref attrib)3.309 F .809(ute cannot be)-.2 +F(applied to array v)180 561.6 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad72>144 573.6 Q F0 +(Mak)180 573.6 Q(e)-.1 E F2(name)3.655 E F0 3.655(sr)C(eadonly)-3.655 E +6.154(.T)-.65 G 1.154(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-6.154 F +1.154(alues by subsequent as-)-.25 F(signment statements or unset.)180 +585.6 Q F1<ad74>144 597.6 Q F0(Gi)180 597.6 Q .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach) +.15 E F2(name)2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib) +2.929 E 2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1 +(DEB)2.929 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0 +(traps from the calling shell.)180 609.6 Q(The trace attrib)5 E +(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 +621.6 Q F0 .91(When the v)180 621.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 +F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 +F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 633.6 +R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad78> +144 645.6 Q F0(Mark)180 645.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E +(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .143 +(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 662.4 R 2.643(ft)-.25 G .143 +(he attrib)-2.643 F .143(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .144 +(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.644 E F0(and)2.644 E F1(+A)2.644 E F0 +.144(may not)2.644 F .579(be used to destro)144 674.4 R 3.079(ya)-.1 G +.579(rray v)-3.079 F .579(ariables and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.079 E F0 .579 +(will not remo)3.079 F .879 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .579(he readonly attrib).15 +F 3.079(ute. When)-.2 F .578(used in a)3.078 F(function,)144 686.4 Q F1 +(declar)3.543 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.543 E F1(typeset)3.543 E F0(mak)3.543 +E 3.543(ee)-.1 G(ach)-3.543 E F2(name)3.543 E F0 1.043 +(local, as with the)3.543 F F1(local)3.544 E F0 1.044 +(command, unless the)3.544 F F1<ad67>3.544 E F0 1.205 +(option is supplied.)144 698.4 R 1.205(If a v)6.205 F 1.205 +(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.205(wed by =)-.25 F F2(value)A F0 3.705 +(,t)C 1.205(he v)-3.705 F 1.205(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.205 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)144 710.4 Q F0 5.217(.W)C .217 +(hen using)-5.217 F F1<ad61>2.717 E F0(or)2.717 E F1<ad41>2.717 E F0 +.217(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)2.717 F .218 +(ariables, addi-)-.25 F .882(tional attrib)144 722.4 R .882 +(utes do not tak)-.2 F 3.382(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.382 G .882 +(ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .882(The return v)5.882 F .882 +(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(6)190.545 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 7 7 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(in)144 84 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .365(lid option \ +is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using).25 F/F1 +10/Courier@0 SF .366(\255f foo=bar)2.866 F F0 2.866(,a)C 2.866(na)-2.866 +G(t-)-2.866 E .549(tempt is made to assign a v)144 96 R .549 +(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .548 +(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .548(alue to an)-.25 F +.391(array v)144 108 R .391 +(ariable without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)-.25 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(Arrays)2.892 E F0(in)2.892 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(bash\(1\))2.892 E F0 .392(\), one of the)B F3(names)144 120 Q F0 .359 +(is not a v)2.859 F .359(alid shell v)-.25 F .359 +(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.859(fr)-.25 G .359 +(eadonly status for a read-)-2.859 F 1.212(only v)144 132 R 1.213 +(ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 3.713(fa)-.25 G 1.213 +(rray status for an array v)-3.713 F 1.213(ariable, or an attempt is) +-.25 F(made to display a non-e)144 144 Q(xistent function with)-.15 E F2 +<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 160.8 Q F3(n)A F2 2.5(][)C +<ad>-2.5 E F3(n)A F2(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 172.8 S .329 +(thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) +.4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 +(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 184.8 R 1.238 +(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F2(pushd)144 196.8 Q +F0 .928(command; the)3.428 F F2(popd)3.428 E F0 .928(command remo)3.428 +F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.428(se).15 G .928(ntries from the list.)-3.428 F .928 +(The current directory is al-)5.928 F -.1(wa)144 208.8 S +(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F2<ad63>144 220.8 Q F0 +(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 220.8 Q +F2<ad6c>144 232.8 Q F0 .881 +(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 232.8 R .882 +(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 +244.8 Q(.)-.65 E F2<ad70>144 256.8 Q F0 +(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 256.8 Q F2<ad76> +144 268.8 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ +pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 268.8 R 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772 +(nt)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 280.8 Q F2(+)144 292.8 Q F3(n)A F0 +1.564(Displays the)180 292.8 R F3(n)4.064 E F0 1.565 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F2 +(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 304.8 Q F2<ad>144 316.8 Q F3 +(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 316.8 R F3(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F +F2(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 328.8 Q .257(The return v)144 +345.6 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 +(lid option is supplied or).25 F F3(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) +.15 F(tory stack.)144 357.6 Q F2(diso)108 374.4 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 +(... |)2.5 E F3(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 386.4 S .122 +(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F3(jobspec) +4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H +2.622(obs. If).15 F F3(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .121(is not present, and)2.932 +F .096(neither the)144 398.4 R F2<ad61>2.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F +F2<ad72>2.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F3(curr)2.596 E +.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F2 +<ad68>2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each) +.15 F F3(jobspec)145.74 410.4 Q F0 .586(is not remo)3.396 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G 3.086(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.086 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F +.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .585 +(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 422.4 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F4(SIGHUP)A/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 +(If no)5.462 F F3(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F2 +<ad61>3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 +H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.359(jobs; the)144 434.4 R F2 +<ad72>3.859 E F0 1.359(option without a)3.859 F F3(jobspec)5.599 E F0 +(ar)4.169 E 1.358(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F +1.358(The return)6.358 F -.25(va)144 446.4 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F3 +(jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E +F2(echo)108 463.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F3(ar)-2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .424(Output the)144 475.2 R F3(ar)2.924 E(g)-.37 E +F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 +(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .308 +(error occurs.)144 487.2 R(If)5.308 E F2<ad6e>2.808 E F0 .308 +(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.808 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 +F .307(If the)5.308 F F2<ad65>2.807 E F0 .307(option is gi)2.807 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .307(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E .197(pretation of the follo)144 +499.2 R .198(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) +5.198 E F2<ad45>2.698 E F0 .198(option disables the in-)2.698 F .067 +(terpretation of these escape characters, e)144 511.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.567(no).15 G 2.567(ns)-2.567 G .067(ystems where the)-2.567 F 2.567 +(ya)-.15 G .067(re interpreted by def)-2.567 F 2.567(ault. The)-.1 F F2 +(xpg_echo)144 523.2 Q F0 .601 +(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.101 +F F2(echo)3.102 E F0 -.15(ex)3.102 G .602(pands these).15 F .659 +(escape characters by def)144 535.2 R(ault.)-.1 E F2(echo)5.659 E F0 +.659(does not interpret)3.159 F F2<adad>3.159 E F0 .659 +(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F2(echo)5.658 E F0(inter)3.158 E(-) +-.2 E(prets the follo)144 547.2 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F2(\\a) +144 559.2 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 559.2 Q F2(\\b)144 571.2 Q F0 +(backspace)180 571.2 Q F2(\\c)144 583.2 Q F0(suppress further output)180 +583.2 Q F2(\\e)144 595.2 Q(\\E)144 607.2 Q F0(an escape character)180 +607.2 Q F2(\\f)144 619.2 Q F0(form feed)180 619.2 Q F2(\\n)144 631.2 Q +F0(ne)180 631.2 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F2(\\r)144 643.2 Q F0 +(carriage return)180 643.2 Q F2(\\t)144 655.2 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 +655.2 Q F2(\\v)144 667.2 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 667.2 S(rtical tab).15 E F2 +(\\\\)144 679.2 Q F0(backslash)180 679.2 Q F2(\\0)144 691.2 Q F3(nnn)A +F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 691.2 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 +E(alue)-.25 E F3(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F2 +(\\x)144 703.2 Q F3(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 703.2 Q +(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F3(HH)2.5 E F0 +(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(7) +190.545 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 8 8 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\u)144 84 Q/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(HHHH)A F0 1.506 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 96 R 1.507 +(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) +4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 108 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 120 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 132 R .547 +(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) +3.047 E(HHH)180 144 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) +-2.5 E F1(enable)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 172.8 R +.278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 +(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834 +(the same name as a shell b)144 184.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.333(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989 +(the shell normally searches for b)144 196.8 R .989 +(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .99 +(is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F .649 +(abled; otherwise,)144 208.8 R F2(names)3.148 E F0 .648(are enabled.) +3.148 F -.15(Fo)5.648 G 3.148(re).15 G .648(xample, to use the)-3.298 F +F1(test)3.148 E F0 .648(binary found via the)3.148 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF -.666(PA)3.148 G(TH)-.189 E F0(in-)2.898 E .538(stead of the shell b) +144 220.8 R .538(uiltin v)-.2 F .538(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 +SF .538(enable -n test)3.038 F F0 5.538(.T)C(he)-5.538 E F1<ad66>3.038 E +F0 .539(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 232.8 S +1.365(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.225 E F0 1.365(from shared object) +4.045 F F2(\214lename)5.775 E F0 3.865(,o).18 G 3.865(ns)-3.865 G 1.365 +(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-3.865 F .606(Bash will use the v) +144 244.8 R .606(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)3.106 G(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4 +E(ABLES_P)-.35 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 -.25(va)3.106 G .606 +(riable as a colon-separated list of).25 F .549 +(directories in which to search for)144 256.8 R F2(\214lename)3.049 E F0 +5.549(.T)C .549(he def)-5.549 F .548(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 F +(The)5.548 E F1<ad64>3.048 E F0 .548(option will)3.048 F .546 +(delete a b)144 268.8 R .546(uiltin pre)-.2 F .546(viously loaded with) +-.25 F F1<ad66>3.046 E F0 5.547(.I)C 3.047(fn)-5.547 G(o)-3.047 E F2 +(name)3.047 E F0(ar)3.047 E .547(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.547(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is)3.047 F .546 +(supplied, a list of shell b)144 280.8 R .545(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F +-.4(Wi)5.545 G .545(th no other option ar).4 F .545 +(guments, the list consists of all)-.18 F .695(enabled shell b)144 292.8 +R 3.195(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>3.195 E F0 .695 +(is supplied, only disabled b)3.195 F .695(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F +(If)5.695 E F1<ad61>3.195 E F0 .695(is supplied, the)3.195 F .262 +(list printed includes all b)144 304.8 R .261 +(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is enabled.)-.2 F +(If)5.261 E F1<ad73>2.761 E F0 .261(is sup-)2.761 F .268 +(plied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)144 316.8 R F2(special) +2.768 E F0 -.2(bu)2.768 G 2.768(iltins. If).2 F .269 +(no options are supplied and a)2.768 F F2(name)2.769 E F0 .285 +(is not a shell b)144 328.8 R(uiltin,)-.2 E F1(enable)2.784 E F0 .284 +(will attempt to load)2.784 F F2(name)2.784 E F0 .284 +(from a shared object named)2.784 F F2(name)2.784 E F0 2.784(,a)C 2.784 +(si)-2.784 G 2.784(ft)-2.784 G(he)-2.784 E 1.41(command were)144 340.8 R +F4 1.41(enable \255f)3.91 F F2 1.41(name name)3.91 F F0 6.41(.T)3.91 G +1.41(he return v)-6.41 F 1.41(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 F F2(name)4.27 E +F0 1.41(is not a shell)4.09 F -.2(bu)144 352.8 S +(iltin or there is an error loading a ne).2 E 2.5(wb)-.25 G +(uiltin from a shared object.)-2.7 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 369.6 T(l).15 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 381.6 Q F2(ar)3.171 +E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C .671 +(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F .67 +(This command is then read)5.67 F .478(and e)144 393.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.478(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .478 +(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .479(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 +(ev a)2.979 H(l).15 E F0 5.479(.I)C 2.979(ft)-5.479 G .479(here are no) +-2.979 F F2(ar)3.309 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 405.6 Q +(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 +(exec)108 422.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2 +(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) +-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 434.4 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 +(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 +(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 446.4 R .176 +(guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G +(he)-2.676 E F1<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176 +(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177 +(ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 458.4 R .48(gument passed to) +-.18 F F2(command)3.18 E F0 5.48(.T).77 G .48(his is what)-5.48 F F2(lo) +3.07 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .48(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.48 E F1<ad63>2.98 E F0 +.48(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 470.4 Q F0 .638 +(to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 +(vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638 +(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the) +3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 482.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 +1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) +.15 F(non-interacti)144 494.4 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F +.576(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577 +(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577 +F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 506.4 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s) +-.25 H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82 +(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .287(tionally if)144 518.4 R F1(exec)2.787 E F0 +-.1(fa)2.787 G 2.787(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.987 E F0 .287 +(is not speci\214ed, an)3.557 F 2.788(yr)-.15 G .288(edirections tak) +-2.788 F 2.788(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.788 G .288(ect in the current shell,) +.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 530.4 Q +(If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G +(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 547.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 547.2 R .096(xit with a status of) +-.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095 +(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command) +-.15 F -.15(exe)144 559.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 +E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E +F1(export)108 576 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 +E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 588 Q F0 +.256(The supplied)144 600 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F +.257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257 +(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627 +(commands. If)144 612 R(the)2.627 E F1<ad66>2.627 E F0 .127 +(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E +F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E +F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70> +144 624 Q F0 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F +.048(xported v)-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1 +<ad6e>2.548 E F0 .048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 636 S 1.447 +(port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 +(rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G +1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) +-.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 648 S .741(lue of the v).25 +F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 +(export)5.741 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742 +(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is) +.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 660 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032 +(is not a v)2.532 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 +F F1<ad66>2.531 E F0 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F2(name)2.891 E F0 +(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 672 Q F1(fc)108 688.8 Q F0([)2.5 E +F1<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +<8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 +700.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .431 +(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 712.8 R F2<8c72> +4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .432 +(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144 +724.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) +.45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 +(may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(8) +190.545 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 9 9 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(be)144 84 Q .31 +(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 F 2.811(xi) +-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti) +.05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .071(is used as an of)144 96 R +.071(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F .071 +(When listing, a)5.071 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF<8c72>2.571 E(st)-.1 E +F0(or)2.571 E F1(last)2.571 E F0 .071(of 0 is equi)2.571 F -.25(va)-.25 +G(-).25 E .653(lent to \2551 and \2550 is equi)144 108 R -.25(va)-.25 G +.653(lent to the current command \(usually the).25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(fc)3.153 E F0 .653(command\); otherwise 0 is)3.153 F(equi)144 120 Q +-.25(va)-.25 G .242(lent to \2551 and \2550 is in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G +2.742(lid. If).25 F F1(last)2.832 E F0 .242 +(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the current command for list-)3.422 F +.092(ing \(so that)144 132 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .092(fc \255l \25510) +2.592 F F0 .093(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)2.592 F F1<8c72> +4.503 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.593(otherwise. If)3.273 F F1<8c72>4.503 E(st)-.1 E +F0 .093(is not speci-)3.273 F(\214ed, it is set to the pre)144 144 Q +(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 168 Q +F2<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022 +(option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E +F2<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 +(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 180 R .438(If the)5.438 +F F2<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 +(n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E +.335(the editor gi)144 192 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E F1 +(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) +.1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F +(If)5.334 E F1(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 204 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 -.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F +.631(alue of)-.25 F F4(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F4(FCEDIT) +3.131 E F0 .631(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .006(ther v)144 +216 R .006(ariable is set,)-.25 F F1(vi)4.171 E F0 .005(is used.)4.171 F +.005(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and e) +5.005 F(x-)-.15 E(ecuted.)144 228 Q .788(In the second form,)144 252 R +F1(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 +(cuted after each instance of).15 F F1(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 +(is replaced by)3.288 F F1 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F1(Com-)5.789 +E(mand)144 264 Q F0 .172(is interpreted the same as)2.672 F F1<8c72> +2.672 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.672 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.172(.A).15 G .171 +(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F3 .171(r='fc \255s')2.671 F F0 +2.671(,s)C 2.671(ot)-2.671 G(hat)-2.671 E(typing)144 276 Q F3 7.165(rc) +3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166 +(ginning with)-.15 F F3(cc)3.666 E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F3(r) +3.666 E F0(re-e)3.666 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.166(cutes the last com-).15 F +(mand.)144 288 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 312 +R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 +(lid option is encountered or).25 F F1<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 +E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 324 R +.454(If the)5.454 F F2<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454 +(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 +(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 336 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 +(cuted or f).15 F .787 +(ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F +.787(If the)5.787 F 1.135 +(second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 +348 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 +(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 360 Q +(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F2(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E +(ailure.)-.1 E F2(fg)108 376.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) +144 388.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 +(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 +(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 +1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 400.8 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G +.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F1(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 +(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 +(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 412.8 Q +.363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363 +(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362 +(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 424.8 Q +F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0 +(speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E +F2(getopts)108 441.6 Q F1(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5 +(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(getopts)144 453.6 Q F0 .793 +(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F1 +(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 465.6 R .149 +(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 477.6 Q .578 +(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579 +(The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E .636 +(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 489.6 R .636 +(Each time it is in)5.636 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F2(getopts) +3.136 E F0 .636(places the ne)3.136 F .635(xt op-)-.15 F .029 +(tion in the shell v)144 501.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)2.889 E F0 2.529 +(,i).18 G(nitializing)-2.529 E F1(name)2.889 E F0 .029(if it does not e) +2.709 F .03(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 2.53(xo)-.15 G 2.53(ft)-2.53 G .03 +(he ne)-2.53 F .03(xt ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E .066 +(ment to be processed into the v)144 513.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTIND) +2.566 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4(OPTIND)4.566 E F0 .065 +(is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a)2.315 F .885 +(shell script is in)144 525.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.385(d. 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If)-2.945 F +.345(the \214rst character of)2.845 F F1(optstring)3.075 E F0 .345 +(is a colon,)3.065 F F1(silent)3.185 E F0 .345(error re-)3.525 F 1.668 +(porting is used.)144 669.6 R 1.668 +(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.668 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.669(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 +681.6 R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F +(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 +(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 693.6 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E +F1(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .666(If an in)144 717.6 R +-.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,).25 F F2(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667 +(places ? into)3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .667 +(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4(and unsets)144 +729.6 R F4(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F2(getopts)2.899 E +F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F4 +(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(9)190.545 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 10 10 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(diagnostic message is printed.)144 84 Q +1.241(If a required ar)144 108 R 1.241(gument is not found, and)-.18 F +/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241 +(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F1(?).833 E F0 3.742(\)i).833 +G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242(laced in)-3.742 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(name)144.36 120 Q F0(,).18 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPT)2.714 E(ARG)-.81 +E F0 .213(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.463 F(If) +5.213 E F1(getopts)2.713 E F0 .213(is silent, then a colon \()2.713 F F1 +(:).833 E F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 132 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 +E F3(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 +E F1(getopts)144 156 Q F0 .902 +(returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) +3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F +(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 168 Q F1(hash)108 184.8 +Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E +F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858 +(Each time)144 196.8 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 +G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F2(name) +3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 +(the directories in)144 208.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 +.956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 +(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 220.8 +R F1<ad70>2.743 E F0 .243 +(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F2 +(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .242(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F .615 +(of the command.)144 232.8 R(The)5.615 E F1<ad72>3.115 E F0 .615 +(option causes the shell to for)3.115 F .615 +(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)5.615 E F1<ad64>3.115 E F0 +(op-)3.115 E .294(tion causes the shell to for)144 244.8 R .294 +(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)2.793 E F0 5.293(.I) +C 2.793(ft)-5.293 G(he)-2.793 E F1<ad74>2.793 E F0 .293 +(option is supplied,)2.793 F .028(the full pathname to which each)144 +256.8 R F2(name)2.528 E F0 .028(corresponds is printed.)2.528 F .028 +(If multiple)5.028 F F2(name)2.528 E F0(ar)2.528 E .028 +(guments are sup-)-.18 F .176(plied with)144 268.8 R F1<ad74>2.676 E F0 +2.676(,t)C(he)-2.676 E F2(name)2.676 E F0 .175 +(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)2.676 F(The)5.175 E F1 +<ad6c>2.675 E F0 .175(option causes output to)2.675 F .783 +(be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 280.8 R .783 +(If no ar)5.783 F .783(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .783 +(n, or if only).15 F F1<ad6c>3.283 E F0(is)3.283 E .807 +(supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)144 292.8 R +.807(The return status is true unless a)5.807 F F2(name)144.36 304.8 Q +F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) +.25 E F1(help)108 321.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .866(Display helpful information about b)144 +333.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 +.867(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .224(help on all commands matching)144 +345.6 R F2(pattern)3.974 E F0 2.723(;o).24 G .223 +(therwise help for all the b)-2.723 F .223 +(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 357.6 Q F1 +<ad64>144 369.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 369.6 Q F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 381.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) +180 381.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G +(ormat)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 393.6 Q F0 +(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 393.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 +E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 410.4 Q F2 +(pattern)3.75 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 427.2 Q F2(n)A F1(])A +(history \255c)108 439.2 Q(history \255d)108 451.2 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset) +-.18 E F1(history \255d)108 463.2 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F1 +(history \255anrw)108 475.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A F1 +(history \255p)108 487.2 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 +(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 499.2 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 +511.2 S .752 +(th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F +.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 523.2 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 +F F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 +(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(HISTTIMEFOR-) +2.88 E(MA)144 535.2 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264 +(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.514 F F2 +(strftime)2.765 E F0 .265(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.02 +(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 547.2 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G +3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 +(ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 +(time stamp and the history line.)144 559.2 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) +2.676 E F0 .176 +(is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F +(not, the v)144 571.2 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) +2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 583.2 Q F0 +(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 583.2 Q F1 +<ad64>144 595.2 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .39 +(Delete the history entry at position)180 607.2 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset) +-.18 E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne) +2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.889(,i).15 G 2.889(ti) +-2.889 G 2.889(si)-2.889 G .389(nterpreted as relati)-2.889 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G .598(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 +619.2 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599 +(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 631.2 Q 2.5(,a) +-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G +(efers to the current)-2.5 E F1(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 +<ad64>144 643.2 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F0 1.25 +(Delete the range of history entries between positions)180 655.2 R F2 +(start)3.75 E F0(and)3.75 E F2(end)3.75 E F0 3.75(,i)C(nclusi)-3.75 E +-.15(ve)-.25 G 6.25(.P).15 G(ositi)-6.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(and ne)180 +667.2 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(alues for)-.1 E F2 +(start)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(end)2.5 E F0 +(are interpreted as described abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1<ad61> +144 679.2 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 679.2 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.064 +('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.064 F .565 +(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 691.2 Q +(ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E +(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 703.2 +Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214\ +le into the current history list.)180 703.2 R .772 +(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 715.2 R +.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E +(sion.)180 727.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 +G(mber 22).15 E(10)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 11 11 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad72>144 84 Q F0(Rea\ +d the contents of the history \214le and append them to the current his\ +tory list.)180 84 Q F1<ad77>144 96 Q F0 +(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 96 Q -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G(ontents.) +-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 108 Q F0 .626 +(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 108 R(wing)-.25 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625 +(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 +120 R .475(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 +E F2(ar)2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F +(normal history e)180 132 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 144 Q F0 .363 +(Store the)180 144 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 +(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 156 Q -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 +(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 172.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 +(riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) +.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 184.8 R .669 +(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 +(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 196.8 R .956 +(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 +(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .833 +(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 208.8 R .833 +(wing history entry)-.25 F 5.832(.T)-.65 G .832(he return v)-5.832 F +.832(alue is 0 unless an in-)-.25 F -.25(va)144 220.8 S .168(lid option\ + is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \ +\214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)2.669 E(f-)-.18 E(set) +144 232.8 Q F0 .341(or range is supplied as an ar)2.841 F .341 +(gument to)-.18 F F1<ad64>2.841 E F0 2.841(,o)C 2.84(rt)-2.841 G .34 +(he history e)-2.84 F .34(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F .34 +(gument to)-.18 F F1<ad70>144 244.8 Q F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs) +108 261.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ]) +2.5 E F1(jobs \255x)108 273.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E +(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 285.6 Q .3 +-.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 297.6 Q F0 +(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 297.6 Q F1 +<ad6e>144 309.6 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) +180 309.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 +F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 321.6 Q F1<ad70> +144 333.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 333.6 Q 2.5(sp) +-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 345.6 Q F0 +(Display only running jobs.)180 345.6 Q F1<ad73>144 357.6 Q F0 +(Display only stopped jobs.)180 357.6 Q(If)144 374.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.554 +E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 +(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) +-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 386.4 Q -.25 +(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 +E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 403.2 R F1 +<ad78>2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 +.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) +3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 +(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 415.2 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar) +2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 +E F1(kill)108 432 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1 +<ad6e>2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1 +(kill \255l)108 444 Q F0(|)A F1<ad4c>A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 +E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .017(Send the signal named by) +144 456 R F2(sigspec)2.857 E F0(or)2.827 E F2(signum)2.857 E F0 .017 +(to the processes named by)2.837 F F2(pid)3.767 E F0(or)3.287 E F2 +(jobspec)4.257 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.357 E F0(is)2.827 E .318 +(either a case-insensiti)144 468 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318 +(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319 +(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 480 Q F2(signum)3.268 E F0 +.427(is a signal number)3.247 F 5.427(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.427 E F2(sigspec) +3.267 E F0 .427(is not present, then)3.237 F F3(SIGTERM)2.927 E F0 .427 +(is assumed.)2.677 F .427(An ar)5.427 F(-)-.2 E .313(gument of)144 492 R +F1<ad6c>2.813 E F0 .314(lists the signal names.)2.814 F .314(If an)5.314 +F 2.814(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.814 G .314(uments are supplied when).18 F +F1<ad6c>2.814 E F0 .314(is gi)2.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 +(n, the names of).15 F .12(the signals corresponding to the ar)144 504 R +.119(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.119 E +F2 -.2(ex)2.619 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)2.619 E(-)-.2 E .799(gument to) +144 516 R F1<ad6c>3.299 E F0 .799 +(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)3.299 F .8 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 528 R +(The)5.962 E F1<ad4c>3.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25 +G .962(lent to).25 F F1<ad6c>3.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 +(returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E +(successfully sent, or f)144 540 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 +E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 556.8 Q F2 +(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 +568.8 Q F2(ar)5.817 E(g)-.37 E F0 2.987(is an arithmetic e)5.707 F 2.987 +(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.987(luated \(see).25 F F3 +2.987(ARITHMETIC EV)5.487 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0 +(in)5.238 E F2(bash\(1\))144 580.8 Q F0 2.5(\). If)B(the last)2.5 E F2 +(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E +F0(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 597.6 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5 +(].)C(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 609.6 S 2.542(re).15 G .042(ach ar) +-2.542 F .042(gument, a local v)-.18 F .042(ariable named)-.25 F F2 +(name)2.902 E F0 .042(is created, and assigned)2.722 F F2(value)2.832 E +F0 5.042(.T).18 G(he)-5.042 E F2(option)2.542 E F0 .041(can be)2.541 F +(an)144 621.6 Q 3.152(yo)-.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652 +(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar)3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W) +C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653 +(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 +633.6 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H +.422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F +(If)5.421 E F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F .509 +(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 645.6 R F1 +(local)3.01 E F0 .51(is in)3.01 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .51 +(d: shell options changed us-).1 F 1.171(ing the)144 657.6 R F1(set) +3.671 E F0 -.2(bu)3.671 G 1.171 +(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.17 +(alues when the function re-)-.25 F 3.38(turns. The)144 669.6 R .88 +(restore is ef)3.38 F .88(fected as if a series of)-.25 F F1(set)3.381 E +F0 .881(commands were e)3.381 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .881 +(cuted to restore the v).15 F(alues)-.25 E .788 +(that were in place before the function.)144 681.6 R -.4(Wi)5.788 G .788 +(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)3.288 E F0 .787(writes a list of local v) +3.288 F .787(ariables to)-.25 F .654(the standard output.)144 693.6 R +.654(It is an error to use)5.654 F F1(local)3.154 E F0 .654 +(when not within a function.)3.154 F .655(The return status is 0)5.654 F +(unless)144 705.6 Q F1(local)2.5 E F0(is used outside a function, an in) +2.5 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or)2.68 E +F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 +768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(11)185.545 E 0 Cg +EP +%%Page: 12 12 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(logout)108 84 Q F0 +(Exit a login shell.)144 84 Q F1(map\214le)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +<ad64>A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E +F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 +<ad73>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 +<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k) +-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr) +-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 112.8 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E +F1<ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 +2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2 +(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2 +(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) +C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 +(])A .159(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 124.8 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 2.659(da).15 G .159(rray v)-2.659 F(ariable)-.25 E F2 +(arr)2.989 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.659(,o).32 G 2.658(rf)-2.659 G .158 +(rom \214le descriptor)-2.658 F F2(fd)4.628 E F0 1.248(if the)144 136.8 +R F1<ad75>3.748 E F0 1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 +F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249 +(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F2(arr)3.749 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C +1.249(ptions, if supplied,)-6.249 F(ha)144 148.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad64>144 160.8 Q F0 .911 +(The \214rst character of)180 160.8 R F2(delim)3.411 E F0 .911 +(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.411 F 3.41 +(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 172.8 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 +(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character) +2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad6e>144 184.8 Q F0(Cop)180 184.8 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5 +(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count) +2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1<ad4f>144 196.8 Q F0(Be)180 +196.8 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 +E(x)-.15 E F2(origin)2.73 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E +2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 208.8 Q F0 +(Discard the \214rst)180 208.8 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 +<ad74>144 220.8 Q F0(Remo)180 220.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 +E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E +(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 232.8 Q F0 +(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 232.8 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1<ad43>144 244.8 Q F0(Ev)180 +244.8 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2 +(quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0 +(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.75 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 256.8 +Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 256.8 Q +F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 273.6 Q F1<ad43>2.967 E F0 +.467(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F1<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 +(he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 +(callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 285.6 R 2.762(xo)-.15 +G 2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be ass\ +igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .274 +(as additional ar)144 297.6 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E +F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 +(luated after the line is read b).25 F .275 +(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 309.6 Q +(If not supplied with an e)144 326.4 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 +(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 343.2 Q F0 .797 +(returns successfully unless an in)3.298 F -.25(va)-.4 G .797 +(lid option or option ar).25 F .797(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) +3.297 E(ay)-.15 E F0 .797(is in-)3.297 F -.25(va)144 355.2 S +(lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 +(is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E +F1(popd)108 372 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 384 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.091(se) +.15 G .591(ntries from the directory stack.)-3.091 F .592 +(The elements are numbered from 0 starting at the \214rst)5.591 F .665 +(directory listed by)144 396 R F1(dirs)3.165 E F0 5.665(.W)C .665 +(ith no ar)-6.065 F(guments,)-.18 E F1(popd)3.165 E F0(remo)3.165 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 3.165(st).15 G .664(he top directory from the stack, and) +-3.165 F(changes to the ne)144 408 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(op directory)-2.5 E 5 +(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-5 G(uments, if supplied, ha).18 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6e>144 420 Q F0 .551 +(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 420 R .551 +(ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F +(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 432 Q F1(+)144 444 Q F2(n)A F0 +(Remo)180 444 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 +.14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F +F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero,)-2.64 F .779 +(from the stack.)180 456 R -.15(Fo)5.779 G 3.279(re).15 G(xample:)-3.429 +E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .779(popd +0)3.279 F F0(remo)3.279 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.279(st).15 G .779(he \214rst directory)-3.279 F(,)-.65 E F4 .78 +(popd +1)3.28 F F0 .78(the sec-)3.28 F(ond.)180 468 Q F1<ad>144 480 Q F2 +(n)A F0(Remo)180 480 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 +E F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259 +(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F +2.5(zero. F)180 492 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0)2.5 E F0 +(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 +E F4(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .093 +(If the top element of the directory stack is modi\214ed, and the)144 +508.8 R F2(-n)2.593 E F0 .094(option w)2.594 F .094(as not supplied,)-.1 +F F1(popd)2.594 E F0(uses)2.594 E(the)144 520.8 Q F1(cd)2.697 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.697 G .196 +(iltin to change to the directory at the top of the stack.).2 F .196 +(If the)5.196 F F1(cd)2.696 E F0 -.1(fa)2.696 G(ils,).1 E F1(popd)2.696 +E F0 .196(returns a non-)2.696 F(zero v)144 532.8 Q(alue.)-.25 E +(Otherwise,)144 549.6 Q F1(popd)2.67 E F0 .17(returns f)2.67 F .17 +(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .171 +(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.671(,o) +-.65 G 2.671(ra)-2.671 G(non-e)144 561.6 Q +(xistent directory stack entry is speci\214ed.)-.15 E 1.556(If the)144 +578.4 R F1(popd)4.056 E F0 1.556(command is successful, bash runs)4.056 +F F1(dirs)4.056 E F0 1.556(to sho)4.056 F 4.055(wt)-.25 G 1.555 +(he \214nal contents of the directory)-4.055 F +(stack, and the return status is 0.)144 590.4 Q F1(printf)108 607.2 Q F0 +([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar) +A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .357(Write the formatted)144 619.2 R F2(ar)2.857 +E(guments)-.37 E F0 .357 +(to the standard output under the control of the)2.857 F F2(format)2.858 +E F0 5.358(.T)C(he)-5.358 E F1<ad76>2.858 E F0(op-)2.858 E .714 +(tion causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 631.2 R(ariable)-.25 +E F2(var)3.214 E F0 .714(rather than being printed to the standard)3.214 +F(output.)144 643.2 Q(The)144 667.2 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(is a ch\ +aracter string which contains three types of objects: plain characters,\ + which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, character esc\ +ape sequences, which are con)144 679.2 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 +(rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ +\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 691.2 R .037 +(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 703.2 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 +5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2 +(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031 +E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 715.2 Q +(xtensions:)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 +G(mber 22).15 E(12)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 13 13 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(%b)144 84 Q F0 +(causes)180 84 Q F1(printf)2.595 E F0 .096(to e)2.595 F .096 +(xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F +(same w)180 96 Q(ay as)-.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 108 Q +F0(causes)180 108 Q F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding) +2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .01 +(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F(input.)180 120 Q F1(%Q) +144 132 Q F0(lik)180 132 Q(e)-.1 E F1(%q)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C +(ut applies an)-2.7 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(upplied precision to the)-2.5 E F2 +(ar)2.5 E(gument)-.37 E F0(before quoting it.)2.5 E F1(%\()144 144 Q F2 +(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes)180 156 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 +(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt) +4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 168 R F2 +(strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) +2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 +(ger representing the number)-.15 F .292(of seconds since the epoch.)180 +180 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F +.293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .694 +(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 192 R .693 +(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.193(d. If).1 F .693(no ar)3.193 +F .693(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 204 R -.15(ve)-.4 G +.21(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.71(sa).15 G 2.71(si)-2.71 G 2.71 +<66ad>-2.71 G 2.71(1h)-2.71 G .21(ad been gi)-2.71 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.71 +(n. This).15 F .21(is an e)2.71 F .21(xception to the usual)-.15 F F1 +(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 216 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .902 +(The %b, %q, and %T directi)144 232.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.401(sa).15 G +.901(ll use the \214eld width and precision ar)-3.401 F .901 +(guments from the format)-.18 F .357(speci\214cation and write that man) +144 244.8 R 2.857(yb)-.15 G .358 +(ytes from \(or use that wide a \214eld for\) the e)-2.857 F .358 +(xpanded ar)-.15 F(gument,)-.18 E +(which usually contains more characters than the original.)144 256.8 Q +(Ar)144 273.6 Q .464(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are trea\ +ted as C constants, e)-.18 F .463(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F +1.258(minus sign is allo)144 285.6 R 1.259 +(wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) +-.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 297.6 Q(alue of the follo) +-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 314.4 Q F2(format)2.515 E +F0 .015(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)2.515 F F2(ar)2.515 +E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.015(.I)C 2.514(ft)-5.015 G(he)-2.514 E F2(format) +2.514 E F0 .014(requires more)2.514 F F2(ar)2.514 E(-)-.2 E(guments)144 +326.4 Q F0 .565(than are supplied, the e)3.065 F .566 +(xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .866 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.066(si) +.15 G 3.066(faz)-3.066 G .566(ero v)-3.066 F .566(alue or null string,) +-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 338.4 Q(The return v)5 E +(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd) +108 355.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C +<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 367.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 +2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the di\ +rectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 379.2 R 3.139(wt) +-.25 G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .088(stack the current w)144 391.2 R .088 +(orking directory)-.1 F 5.088(.W)-.65 G .088(ith no ar)-5.488 F +(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.589 E F0 -.15(ex)2.589 G .089 +(changes the top tw).15 F 2.589(oe)-.1 G .089(lements of)-2.589 F +(the directory stack.)144 403.2 Q(Ar)5 E(guments, if supplied, ha)-.18 E +.3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6e>144 +415.2 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotatin\ +g or adding directories to the)180 415.2 R +(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 427.2 Q F1(+)144 +439.2 Q F2(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)180 439.2 R F2(n) +3.767 E F0 1.268(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B +1.268(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 451.2 Q F0 2.5(,s)C +(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1<ad>144 463.2 Q F2(n)A F0 +.92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 463.2 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 +(th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 +F F1(dirs)180 475.2 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) +-2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 487.2 Q F0(Adds)180 487.2 Q F2(dir)2.85 E F0 +(to the directory stack at the top)3.23 E .434 +(After the stack has been modi\214ed, if the)144 504 R F1<ad6e>2.934 E +F0 .434(option w)2.934 F .435(as not supplied,)-.1 F F1(pushd)2.935 E F0 +.435(uses the)2.935 F F1(cd)2.935 E F0 -.2(bu)2.935 G .435(iltin to).2 F +(change to the directory at the top of the stack.)144 516 Q(If the)5 E +F1(cd)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils,).1 E F1(pushd)2.5 E F0 +(returns a non-zero v)2.5 E(alue.)-.25 E 1.78(Otherwise, if no ar)144 +532.8 R 1.78(guments are supplied,)-.18 F F1(pushd)4.28 E F0 1.78 +(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty)4.28 F(.)-.65 E .092 +(When rotating the directory stack,)144 544.8 R F1(pushd)2.592 E F0 .093 +(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a non-e)2.592 F(x-) +-.15 E(istent directory stack element is speci\214ed.)144 556.8 Q 1.278 +(If the)144 573.6 R F1(pushd)3.778 E F0 1.278 +(command is successful, bash runs)3.778 F F1(dirs)3.778 E F0 1.277 +(to sho)3.777 F 3.777(wt)-.25 G 1.277 +(he \214nal contents of the directory)-3.777 F(stack.)144 585.6 Q F1 +(pwd)108 602.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .844 +(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 614.4 R .845 +(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 +(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144 +626.4 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 +.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1 +(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263 +(enabled. If)144 638.4 R(the)3.263 E F1<ad4c>3.263 E F0 .763 +(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263 +F .764(The return)5.764 F .405(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ + reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 650.4 R -.25(va) +-.4 G .405(lid op-).25 F(tion is supplied.)144 662.4 Q F1 -.18(re)108 +679.2 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.816 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad61>-3.816 +E F2(aname)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad64>-3.816 E F2(delim)3.816 E F0 +3.816(][)C F1<ad69>-3.816 E F2(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.816(][)C F1 +<ad6e>-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad4e> +-3.817 E F2(nc)3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad70>-3.817 E +F2(pr)3.817 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad74>-3.817 E F2(timeout) +3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad75>-3.817 E F2(fd)3.817 E F0(])A([)108 691.2 +Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input\ +, or from the \214le descriptor)144 703.2 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516 +(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 715.2 Q F1 +<ad75>2.753 E F0 .253(option, split into w)2.753 F .253 +(ords as described in)-.1 F F2(bash\(1\))2.754 E F0(under)2.754 E F1 +-.75(Wo)2.754 G .254(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.754(,a)C .254 +(nd the \214rst w)-2.754 F .254(ord is)-.1 F 1.425 +(assigned to the \214rst)144 727.2 R F2(name)4.285 E F0 3.925(,t).18 G +1.425(he second w)-3.925 F 1.425(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)4.285 E +F0 3.925(,a).18 G 1.425(nd so on.)-3.925 F 1.425(If there are more)6.425 +F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E +(13)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 14 14 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E -.1(wo)144 84 S 1.112 +(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112(ords and their interv)-.1 F +1.112(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)144.36 96 Q F0 5.7(.I).18 G 3.2(ft)-5.7 G .7 +(here are fe)-3.2 F .7(wer w)-.25 F .7 +(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names are)-.1 +F .531(assigned empty v)144 108 R 3.031(alues. The)-.25 F .531 +(characters in)3.031 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.031 E F0 .532 +(are used to split the line into w)2.781 F .532(ords using the same)-.1 +F 1.326(rules the shell uses for e)144 120 R 1.325 +(xpansion \(described in)-.15 F F1(bash\(1\))3.825 E F0(under)3.825 E/F3 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.75(Wo)3.825 G 1.325(rd Splitting).75 F F0 3.825 +(\). The)B(backslash)3.825 E .738(character \()144 132 R F3(\\)A F0 +3.238(\)m)C .739(ay be used to remo)-3.238 F 1.039 -.15(ve a)-.15 H +1.039 -.15(ny s).15 H .739(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .739 +(xt character read and for line)-.15 F 2.5(continuation. Options,)144 +144 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3<ad61>144 156 Q F1(aname)2.5 E F0 1.026(The w) +180 168 R 1.026(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v) +-.1 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(aname)3.855 E F0 3.525(,s).18 G 1.025 +(tarting at 0.)-3.525 F F1(aname)180.33 180 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 +E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E +F1(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F3<ad64>144 192 Q +F1(delim)2.5 E F0 .28(The \214rst character of)180 204 R F1(delim)2.78 E +F0 .281(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.78 F 2.781 +(wline. If)-.25 F F1(de-)2.781 E(lim)180 216 Q F0(is the empty string,) +2.5 E F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 +(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F3 +<ad65>144 228 Q F0 .629 +(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 228 R F3 -.18(re) +3.128 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)3.128 E F2(READLINE)3.128 E F0(in)2.878 E +F1(bash\(1\))3.128 E F0 3.128(\)i)C(s)-3.128 E .048 +(used to obtain the line.)180 240 R .049 +(Readline uses the current \(or def)5.049 F .049 +(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .049(as not pre)-.1 F(vi-)-.25 E +(ously acti)180 252 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b) +-2.5 E(ut uses readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 E +(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F3<ad69>144 264 Q F1(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 +E F0(If)180 264 Q F3 -.18(re)2.716 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 +(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F1(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 +(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .215(fer before edit-) +-.25 F(ing be)180 276 Q(gins.)-.15 E F3<ad6e>144 288 Q F1(nc)2.5 E(har) +-.15 E(s)-.1 E F3 -.18(re)180 300 S(ad).18 E F0 .322 +(returns after reading)2.822 F F1(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .323 +(characters rather than w)2.823 F .323 +(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 312 Q +(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 +E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F3 +<ad4e>144 324 Q F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F3 -.18(re)180 336 S(ad) +.18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(nc)3.769 +E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.269 +(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274 +(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 348 R F3 -.18(re)2.775 +G(ad).18 E F0 .275(times out.)2.775 F .275(Delimiter characters encoun-) +5.275 F 1.003 +(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 360 R +F3 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F0 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F1(nc)3.502 +E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .608(characters are read.)180 372 R .608 +(The result is not split on the characters in)5.608 F F3(IFS)3.108 E F0 +3.108(;t)C .609(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 384 S .67 +(riable is assigned e).25 F .669 +(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .669 +(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F3<ad72>180 396 Q F0(option belo) +2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F3<ad70>144 408 Q F1(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display) +180 420 Q F1(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.66 F +3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161 +(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 432 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5 +(nput. The)-2.5 F +(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F3 +<ad72>144 444 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +180 444 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543(he backslash is considered to be part of) +-5.543 F .492(the line.)180 456 R .492(In particular)5.492 F 2.992(,ab) +-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.992 E .493 +(wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.)180 +468 Q F3<ad73>144 480 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 480 Q +(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F3 +<ad74>144 492 Q F1(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 504 Q F3 -.18(re)2.929 G +(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 +(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56 +(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 516 R F1(timeout)3.061 E F0 +(seconds.)3.061 E F1(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) +3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 528 Q +(wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E +.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ +g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 +540 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 552 R .59 +(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F3 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 +(times out,)3.09 F F3 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589 +(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 564 S(riable) +.25 E F1(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F1(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27 +(is 0,)2.77 F F3 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77 +F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G +(ata.)-2.77 E .228(The e)180 576 R .228(xit status is 0 if input is a) +-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G .228(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor) +.25 F 2.728(,o)-.4 G 2.727(rt)-2.728 G .227(he read will re-)-2.727 F +1.224(turn EOF)180 588 R 3.724(,n)-.8 G 1.224(on-zero otherwise.)-3.724 +F 1.224(The e)6.224 F 1.225 +(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E +(ceeded.)180 600 Q F3<ad75>144 612 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0 +(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 612 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522 +(If no)144 628.8 R F1(names)3.382 E F0 .522 +(are supplied, the line read, without the ending delimiter b)3.292 F +.522(ut otherwise unmodi\214ed, is)-.2 F 1.186(assigned to the v)144 +640.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(.)A F0 1.186(The e)5.686 F 1.186 +(xit status is zero, unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)-.15 F F3 -.18 +(re)3.687 G(ad).18 E F0 .961 +(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a v)144 +652.8 R .96(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .706 +(signing to a readonly v)144 664.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in) +-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .706(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar) +.25 F .707(gument to)-.18 F F3<ad75>144 676.8 Q F0(.)A F3 -.18(re)108 +693.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F3(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad70>-2.5 E +F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..]) +-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 705.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F1(names)3.27 E F0 +.77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 +F F1(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096 +(quent assignment.)144 717.6 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F3<ad66>3.596 E F0 +1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F1 +(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 729.6 Q 4.903(ed. The) +-.1 F F3<ad61>4.903 E F0 2.403(option restricts the v)4.903 F 2.403 +(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.903(da).15 G 2.403(rrays; the) +-4.903 F F3<ad41>4.903 E F0 2.402(option restricts the)4.903 F +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E +(14)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 15 15 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E -.25(va)144 84 S .424(riables to associati) +.25 F .724 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 2.924(rrays. If).15 F .425 +(both options are supplied,)2.924 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad41>2.925 E +F0(tak)2.925 E .425(es precedence.)-.1 F .425(If no)5.425 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.285 E F0(ar)3.105 E(-)-.2 E 1.275 +(guments are gi)144 96 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.275(n, or if the).15 F F1 +<ad70>3.775 E F0 1.275 +(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.775 F +(The)6.275 E .559(other options may be used to restrict the output to a\ + subset of the set of readonly names.)144 108 R(The)5.559 E F1<ad70> +3.059 E F0 .201(option causes output to be displayed in a format that m\ +ay be reused as input.)144 120 R .2(If a v)5.2 F .2(ariable name is)-.25 +F(follo)144 132 Q .133(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.633(,t)C +.133(he v)-2.633 F .133(alue of the v)-.25 F .133(ariable is set to)-.25 +F F2(wor)2.633 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.133(.T)C .133 +(he return status is 0 unless an in)-5.133 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26 +(option is encountered, one of the)144 144 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26 +(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)-.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F +F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 156 Q F0 +(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 172.8 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 184.8 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 +(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F +5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597 +(the return status is that of the last command e)144 196.8 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E +F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 208.8 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267 +(he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) +-2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .268(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler) +144 220.8 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +E F0 .02(is e)2.52 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)2.52 +E(UG)-.1 E F0 .02(trap, the last command used to deter)2.52 F(-)-.2 E +.885(mine the status is the last command e)144 232.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.386 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.386 G 3.386(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.386 H -.1(ke) +.4 G 3.386(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 244.8 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .628 +(is used outside a function, b)3.128 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.127 E F0(\()5.627 E +F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.127(\)c)C .627(ommand, it)-3.127 F .588 +(causes the shell to stop e)144 256.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 +(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589 +(or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e) +144 268.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F +.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325 +(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444 +(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 280.8 R .444 +(The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 +(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 292.8 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E +F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E +.749(mand associated with the)144 304.8 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 +(trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 316.8 Q F1 +(set)108 333.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<adad>-2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F1<ad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1 +(set)108 345.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o) +-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<adad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 +<ad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 +357.6 S .574(thout options, display the name and v).4 F .574 +(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .573 +(ariable in a format that can be reused)-.25 F .113 +(as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 369.6 R 2.613 +(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.613 G .113 +(riables cannot be reset.).25 F(In)5.113 E F2 1.032(posix mode)144 381.6 +R F0 3.532(,o)C 1.032(nly shell v)-3.532 F 1.032(ariables are listed.) +-.25 F 1.032(The output is sorted according to the current locale.)6.032 +F .58(When options are speci\214ed, the)144 393.6 R 3.081(ys)-.15 G .581 +(et or unset shell attrib)-3.081 F 3.081(utes. An)-.2 F 3.081(ya)-.15 G +-.18(rg)-3.081 G .581(uments remaining after op-).18 F .161 +(tion processing are treated as v)144 405.6 R .161 +(alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order)-.25 F +2.66(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.66 E F1($1)2.66 E F0(,)A F1($2)144 417.6 Q F0(,)A F1 +2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 -.15 +(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 429.6 Q F0 +1.377(Each v)184 429.6 R 1.377 +(ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib)-.15 F +1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 441.6 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 +E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 453.6 Q F0 .132 +(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 453.6 R +2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E +(primary prompt.)184 465.6 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) +-.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 477.6 Q F0 +.087(Exit immediately if a)184 477.6 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 +(\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F +F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 489.6 Q +F2 .86(compound command)3.36 F F0(\(see)3.36 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .86 +(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.36 F F0(in)3.11 E F2(bash\(1\))3.36 E F0 .86(\), e)B +.86(xits with a non-zero sta-)-.15 F 2.852(tus. The)184 501.6 R .352 +(shell does not e)2.852 F .352(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .353 +(ails is part of the command list imme-)-.1 F 1.108(diately follo)184 +513.6 R 1.108(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)3.608 E F0(or)3.608 E F1(until) +3.608 E F0 -.1(ke)3.608 G(yw)-.05 E 1.107(ord, part of the test follo) +-.1 F 1.107(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)3.607 E F0(or)3.607 E F1(elif)3.607 E +F0(re-)3.607 E(serv)184 525.6 Q .279(ed w)-.15 F .279(ords, part of an) +-.1 F 2.779(yc)-.15 G .279(ommand e)-2.779 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .279 +(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)2.779 E F0(or)2.779 E F1(||)2.78 E F0 .28 +(list e)2.78 F .28(xcept the command fol-)-.15 F(lo)184 537.6 Q .703 +(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.203 E F0(or)3.203 E F1(||)3.203 E F0 +3.203(,a)C 1.003 -.15(ny c)-3.203 H .703(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F +.703(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F(s)-.55 E .476(return v)184 +549.6 R .476(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .476(rted with).15 F +F1(!)2.976 E F0 5.476(.I)C 2.976(fac)-5.476 G .476 +(ompound command other than a subshell re-)-2.976 F .418 +(turns a non-zero status because a command f)184 561.6 R .418 +(ailed while)-.1 F F1<ad65>2.918 E F0 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sb).1 G .417 +(eing ignored, the shell)-2.918 F .472(does not e)184 573.6 R 2.972 +(xit. A)-.15 F .472(trap on)2.972 F F1(ERR)2.972 E F0 2.972(,i)C 2.972 +(fs)-2.972 G .472(et, is e)-2.972 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .473 +(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.973(xits. This)-.15 F .473(option ap-) +2.973 F 2.114(plies to the shell en)184 585.6 R 2.113 +(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F 2.113(vironment separately \(see) +-.4 F F3(COM-)4.613 E .675(MAND EXECUTION ENVIR)184 597.6 R(ONMENT)-.27 +E F0(in)2.925 E F2(bash\(1\))3.175 E F0 .675 +(\), and may cause subshells to e)B .676(xit be-)-.15 F(fore e)184 609.6 +Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting all the commands in the subshell.).15 E .999 +(If a compound command or shell function e)184 627.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.999(cutes in a conte).15 F .998(xt where)-.15 F F1<ad65>3.498 E F0 .998 +(is being ig-)3.498 F .089(nored, none of the commands e)184 639.6 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .089(cuted within the compound command or function body) +.15 F .503(will be af)184 651.6 R .503(fected by the)-.25 F F1<ad65> +3.002 E F0 .502(setting, e)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.002(ni).15 G(f) +-3.002 E F1<ad65>3.002 E F0 .502(is set and a command returns a f)3.002 +F .502(ailure sta-)-.1 F 4.183(tus. If)184 663.6 R 4.183(ac)4.183 G +1.683(ompound command or shell function sets)-4.183 F F1<ad65>4.184 E F0 +1.684(while e)4.184 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.684(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt) +-.15 E(where)184 675.6 Q F1<ad65>3.154 E F0 .654 +(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.154 F .953 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .953 +-.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .653(ect until the compound command).25 F +(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 687.6 Q F1 +<ad66>144 699.6 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 699.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 +<ad68>144 711.6 Q F0 .988(Remember the location of commands as the)184 +711.6 R 3.488(ya)-.15 G .988(re look)-3.488 F .988(ed up for e)-.1 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.488(cution. This).15 F .988(is en-)3.488 F +(abled by def)184 723.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No) +136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(15)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 16 16 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6b>144 84 Q F0 .514 +(All ar)184 84 R .514 +(guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 +F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F +(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 96 Q F1 +<ad6d>144 108 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)184 108 R .148 +(Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F +.149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .235 +(on systems that support it \(see)184 120 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .235 +(JOB CONTR)2.735 F(OL)-.27 E F0(in)2.485 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(bash\(1\))2.735 E F0 2.735(\). All)B .234(processes run in a sepa-) +2.735 F .252(rate process group.)184 132 R .252 +(When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containing) +5.252 F(its e)184 144 Q(xit status.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 156 Q F0 .653 +(Read commands b)184 156 R .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653 +(cute them.).15 F .652(This may be used to check a shell script for) +5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 168 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1<ad6f>144 180 Q F3(option\255name)2.5 E +F0(The)184 192 Q F3(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 +E(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 204 Q F0(Same as)224 216 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 228 Q F0(Same as)224 240 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.) +A F1(emacs)184 252 Q F0 .089 +(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 252 R 2.589 +(ace. 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See)B F2 2.704(SEE ALSO)5.204 F +F0(in)4.953 E F3(bash\(1\))224 636 Q F0 1.844 +(for a reference to a document that details ho)4.344 F 4.344(wp)-.25 G +1.845(osix mode af)-4.344 F(fects)-.25 E(bash')224 648 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G +(eha)-2.5 E(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 660 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0 +(Same as)224 672 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 684 S(rbose).1 E +F0(Same as)224 684 Q F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 696 Q F0 .209 +(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 696 R 2.709(ace. This) +-.1 F .209(also af)2.709 F .209(fects the editing in-)-.25 F(terf)224 +708 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E +(16)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 17 17 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(xtrace)184 84 Q F0 +(Same as)224 84 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 102 Q F1<ad6f>3.052 E F0 +.552(is supplied with no)3.052 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name) +3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553 +(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 +114 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0 +3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071 +(commands to recreate the current)3.571 F +(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 126 Q F1<ad70> +144 138 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 138 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1 +(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV) +-.27 E F0 1.072(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501 +(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 150 R 1.5 +(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 +-.27(BA)184 162 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) +.855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.774 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G +.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F +(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 174 R .38 +(If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u) +-.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461 +(user \(group\) id, and the)184 186 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461 +(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462 +(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 198 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 +(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70> +2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 +E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 210 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G +.386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886 +F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F +(set to the real user and group ids.)184 222 Q F1<ad72>144 234 Q F0 +(Enable restricted shell mode.)184 234 Q +(This option cannot be unset once it has been set.)5 E F1<ad74>144 246 Q +F0(Exit after reading and e)184 246 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuting one command.).15 E F1<ad75>144 258 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 258 S .774 +(eat unset v).35 F .773(ariables and parameters other than the special \ +parameters "@" and "*", or)-.25 F .459(array v)184 270 R .459(ariables \ +subscripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing parameter e) +-.25 F(x-)-.15 E 2.891(pansion. If)184 282 R -.15(ex)2.891 G .391 +(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F .391(ariable or parameter)-.25 +F 2.89(,t)-.4 G .39(he shell prints an)-2.89 F +(error message, and, if not interacti)184 294 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e) +.15 G(xits with a non-zero status.)-2.65 E F1<ad76>144 306 Q F0 +(Print shell input lines as the)184 306 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E +F1<ad78>144 318 Q F0 .315(After e)184 318 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 +.315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0 +(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E +F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 330 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r) +.25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F +1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0(follo)3.486 E 1.236 +(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 342 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 E +(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1<ad42>144 354 Q F0 +1.053(The shell performs brace e)184 354 R 1.053(xpansion \(see)-.15 F +F1 1.053(Brace Expansion)3.553 F F0(in)3.553 E F2(bash\(1\))3.553 E F0 +3.553(\). This)B 1.053(is on by)3.553 F(def)184 366 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 +<ad43>144 378 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 378 R F1(bash)2.714 E F0 .214 +(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 +(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 +2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F +3.053(tors. This)184 390 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 +(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) +.15 F(tor)184 402 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +<ad45>144 414 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 414 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104 +(rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 +(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 +F .838(mands e)184 426 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 +F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 438 Q F1 +<ad48>144 450 Q F0(Enable)184 450 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 +(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 +F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 462 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 474 Q F0 .959 +(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 474 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 +(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96 +(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 1.453 +(that change the current w)184 486 R 1.453(orking directory)-.1 F 6.453 +(.I)-.65 G 3.952(tu)-6.453 G 1.452(ses the ph)-3.952 F 1.452 +(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.334(stead. By)184 498 R(def) +3.334 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.334 E F0(follo)3.334 E .834 +(ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F +(mands which change the current directory)184 510 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144 +522 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 522 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 +(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 +(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 +(substitutions, and commands e)184 534 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 +(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E +(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 546 Q F0 +(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 558 Q +F0 .401(If no ar)184 558 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G +.401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F +(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 570 Q F2 +(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G +(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144 +582 Q F0 .796(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 582 R +F2(ar)3.297 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.297(st)C 3.297(ob)-3.297 G 3.297(ea)-3.297 G +.797(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.297 F 3.022(rameters. The)184 594 +R F1<ad78>3.022 E F0(and)3.022 E F1<ad76>3.022 E F0 .522 +(options are turned of)3.022 F 3.022(f. If)-.25 F .522(there are no) +3.022 F F2(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F0 .521(s, the positional pa-)B +(rameters remain unchanged.)184 606 Q .425(The options are of)144 622.8 +R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 +(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 +(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 +(to be turned of)144 634.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) +-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 +(current set of options may be found in)144 646.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 +5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 +(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F +(is encountered.)144 658.8 Q F1(shift)108 675.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 687.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 +.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G +.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 699.6 Q F1($#)2.582 +E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082 +(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) +.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 +(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 711.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 +.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F +(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 +(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 723.6 R +.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 +.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(17)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 18 18 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 84 Q/F1 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shopt)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][) +C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(optname)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 112.8 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 +(alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E +5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374 +(listed belo)144 124.8 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H +2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F1<ad6f>2.874 E F0 .375 +(option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 +F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 2.566(mand. W)144 136.8 R .066 +(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1<ad70>2.566 E F0 .066 +(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an in-)2.566 +F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 148.8 R F2 +(optnames)2.574 E F0 .074 +(are supplied, the output is restricted to those op-)2.574 F 3.105 +(tions. The)144 160.8 R F1<ad70>3.105 E F0 .605(option causes output to\ + be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)3.105 F(Other)5.605 +E(options ha)144 172.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 184.8 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 +184.8 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 196.8 Q F0 +(Disable \(unset\) each)180 196.8 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 +208.8 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ +tus indicates whether the)180 208.8 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E +.256(set or unset.)180 220.8 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 +E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G +(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255 +(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 232.8 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E +F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 244.8 Q F0 +(Restricts the v)180 244.8 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 +(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 +E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 261.6 R F1 +<ad73>3.124 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) +3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 +E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .984 +(set or unset, respecti)144 273.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.984(.U) +-.65 G .984(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.984 F F1(shopt)3.484 E F0 .983 +(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.483 F -.1(fa)144 285.6 S(ult.) +.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 +302.4 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) +4.045 F .696 +(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) +144 314.4 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695 +(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 326.4 Q(The list of)144 343.2 Q F1(shopt) +2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 361.2 Q F0 1.944 +(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 373.2 R -.25(va)-.25 G +1.945(luation of associati).25 F 2.245 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.945 +(rray subscripts during).15 F .885(arithmetic e)184 385.2 R .885 +(xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .885(luation, while e).25 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .885(cuting b).15 F .885(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F .885 +(ariable as-)-.25 F(signments, and while e)184 397.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuting b).15 E(uiltins that perform array dereferencing.)-.2 E F1 +(autocd)144 409.2 Q F0 .199 +(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 409.2 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ment to the)184 421.2 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F +(option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E +F1(cdable_v)144 433.2 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 445.2 R .156 +(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 +(iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F +(name of a v)184 457.2 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E +(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 469.2 Q F0 +1.055 +(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 +469.2 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 +(corrected. The)184 481.2 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 +(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a) +-.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 493.2 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) +-.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 +(orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F +(the command proceeds.)184 505.2 Q +(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F1(checkhash)144 517.2 Q F0 .737(If set,)184 529.2 R F1(bash)3.237 +E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.237 F .736 +(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 +541.2 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E +(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 553.2 +Q F0 .448(If set,)184 565.2 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 +(lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449 +(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.662(shell. If)184 577.2 R(an)2.662 E 2.661(yj)-.15 G +.161(obs are running, this causes the e)-2.661 F .161 +(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .161(xit is at-)-.15 F 1.091 +(tempted without an interv)184 589.2 R 1.091(ening command \(see)-.15 F +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.091(JOB CONTR)3.591 F(OL)-.27 E F0(in)3.341 E F2 +(bash\(1\))3.591 E F0 3.591(\). The)B(shell)3.591 E(al)184 601.2 Q -.1 +(wa)-.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G +(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 613.2 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 +625.2 R F1(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G +1.09(ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09 +(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 637.2 Q 3.35(,u)-.65 G .85 +(pdates the v)-3.35 F .85(alues of)-.25 F F3(LINES)3.35 E F0(and)3.1 E +F3(COLUMNS)3.35 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .85 +(This option is enabled by de-)5.35 F -.1(fa)184 649.2 S(ult.).1 E F1 +(cmdhist)144 661.2 Q F0 .173(If set,)184 661.2 R F1(bash)2.673 E F0 .173 +(attempts to sa)2.673 F .473 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .172 +(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history en-).15 F(try) +184 673.2 Q 5.596(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.596 F .597 +(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F .597 +(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 685.2 S .052(ult, b).1 +F .052(ut only has an ef)-.2 F .052 +(fect if command history is enabled, as described in)-.25 F F2 +(bash\(1\))2.552 E F0(under)2.552 E F3(HIST)184 697.2 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y) +-.315 E F4(.)A F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +(mber 22).15 E(18)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 19 19 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(compat31)144 84 Q +(compat32)144 96 Q(compat40)144 108 Q(compat41)144 120 Q(compat42)144 +132 Q(compat43)144 144 Q(compat44)144 156 Q(compat50)144 168 Q F0 .889 +(These control aspects of the shell')184 180 R 3.389(sc)-.55 G .889 +(ompatibility mode \(see)-3.389 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .889(SHELL COMP) +3.389 F -.855(AT)-.666 G(IBILITY).855 E(MODE)184 192 Q F0(in)2.25 E/F3 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0(\).)A F1(complete_fullquote)144 +208.8 Q F0 .654(If set,)184 220.8 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all \ +shell metacharacters in \214lenames and directory names when per)3.153 F +(-)-.2 E 1.524(forming completion.)184 232.8 R 1.524(If not set,)6.524 F +F1(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524 +(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of c\ +haracters that will be quoted in completed \214lenames when these)184 +244.8 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 256.8 R .028 +(ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .029 +(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 268.8 R 1.073 +(ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 +(xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 +(ev e)184 280.8 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 +(ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F +6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 +(only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 +292.8 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 304.8 Q +(ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E +(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 321.6 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486 +(If set,)184 333.6 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 +(replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F +.487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18(ing \214lename completion.)184 +345.6 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F +(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,) +184 357.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G +(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 374.4 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 +374.4 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 +(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859 +(ord completion if)-.1 F +(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 386.4 Q(xist.)-.15 +E F1(dotglob)144 403.2 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 403.2 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 +.165(includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665 +('i)-.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F +(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 415.2 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.') +.63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 +(must al)5.63 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys be matched e).1 E(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.5 +(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(ni).15 G(f)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0 +(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 432 Q F0 .516(If set, a non-interacti)184 +432 R .816 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .516(hell will not e).15 F .516 +(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .517 +(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an ar).15 F(-)-.2 E(gument to the)184 +444 Q F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E +.3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 +-.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 460.8 Q F0 .743 +(If set, aliases are e)184 472.8 R .743(xpanded as described in)-.15 F +F3(bash\(1\))3.243 E F0(under)3.243 E F2(ALIASES)3.243 E/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .742(This option is en-)5.243 F(abled by def) +184 484.8 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1 +(extdeb)144 501.6 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .17(If set at shell in)184 513.6 R -.2 +(vo)-.4 G .17(cation, or in a shell startup \214le, arrange to e).2 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .17(cute the deb).15 F .17(ugger pro\214le)-.2 F 1.082 +(before the shell starts, identical to the)184 525.6 R F1<adad646562> +3.582 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 3.581(option. If)3.581 F 1.081(set after in)3.581 +F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.081(cation, be-).2 F(ha)184 537.6 Q +(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 +554.4 Q F0(The)220 554.4 Q F1<ad46>4.25 E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F +F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 +(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F +(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 566.4 +Q(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 583.2 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the) +220 583.2 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v) +4.167 F 1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E +(command is skipped and not e)220 595.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 +(3.)184 612 Q F0 .84(If the command run by the)220 612 R F1(DEB)3.34 E +(UG)-.1 E F0 .841(trap returns a v)3.341 F .841 +(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15(exe)220 624 S .488 +(cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 +(sour)220 636 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 652.8 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 652.8 S(SH_ARGC).27 E +F0(and)3.153 E F2 -.27(BA)3.403 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 +(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(in)220 664.8 Q +F3(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0(\).)A F1(5.)184 681.6 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing\ + is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 681.6 R +(shells in)220 693.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E +F1(\()2.5 E F3(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(DEB)2.5 +E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 710.4 +Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, shell functi\ +ons, and subshells)220 710.4 R(in)220 722.4 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F3(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 +(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(19)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 20 20 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(extglob)144 84 Q F0 +.273(If set, the e)184 84 R .273 +(xtended pattern matching features described in)-.15 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(bash\(1\))2.772 E F0(under)2.772 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.772 G +.272(thname Ex-).1 F(pansion)184 96 Q F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote) +144 112.8 Q F0 .86(If set,)184 124.8 R F1($)3.36 E F0<08>A F2(string)A +F0 3.36<0861>C(nd)-3.36 E F1($)3.36 E F0(")A F2(string)A F0 3.36("q)C +.86(uoting is performed within)-3.36 F F1(${)3.36 E F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 +E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)3.36 G .86(pansions en-).15 F +(closed in double quotes.)184 136.8 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E +(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 153.6 Q F0 .243(If set, patterns which f) +184 153.6 R .243(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F .243 +(xpansion result in an e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E(pansion error)184 165.6 Q(.) +-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 182.4 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 +.936(If set, the suf)184 194.4 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) +-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936 +(ariable cause w)-.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32 +(when performing w)184 206.4 R .32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32 +(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 3.293(pletions. See)184 218.4 R +F3 .793(SHELL V)3.293 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0(in)3.043 E F2(bash\(1\)) +3.293 E F0 .794(for a description of)3.293 F F3(FIGNORE)3.294 E/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .794(This op-)5.294 F(tion is enabled by def) +184 230.4 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 247.2 Q F0 2.519 +(If set, range e)184 259.2 R 2.519 +(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518(et e)-.1 F 2.518 +(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E +(Matching)184 271.2 Q F0(in)3.115 E F2(bash\(1\))3.365 E F0 3.365(\)b)C +(eha)-3.365 E 1.165 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.365(si).15 G 3.365(fi)-3.365 G +3.365(nt)-3.365 G .866(he traditional C locale when performing compar) +-3.365 F(-)-.2 E 2.668(isons. That)184 283.2 R .168 +(is, the current locale')2.668 F 2.668(sc)-.55 G .168 +(ollating sequence is not tak)-2.668 F .168(en into account, so)-.1 F F1 +(b)2.668 E F0(will)2.668 E .562(not collate between)184 295.2 R F1(A) +3.062 E F0(and)3.062 E F1(B)3.062 E F0 3.062(,a)C .562(nd upper)-3.062 F +.562(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .563 +(-case ASCII characters will col-)-.2 F(late together)184 307.2 Q(.)-.55 +E F1(globskipdots)144 324 Q F0 .285(If set, pathname e)184 336 R .285 +(xpansion will ne)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.785(rm).15 G .285 +(atch the \214lenames)-2.785 F F1 -.63(``)2.785 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E +F0(and)5.285 E F1 -.63(``)2.784 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 2.784(,e) +.63 G -.15(ve)-3.034 G 2.784(ni).15 G 2.784(ft)-2.784 G .284(he pat-) +-2.784 F(tern be)184 348 Q(gins with a)-.15 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.') +.63 G(')-.08 E F0 5(.T)C(his option is enabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E +F1(globstar)144 364.8 Q F0 .518(If set, the pattern)184 364.8 R F1(**) +3.018 E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F +.519(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .432 +(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 376.8 R .431 +(If the pattern is follo)5.432 F .431(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.931 E F0 +2.931(,o)C .431(nly directories)-2.931 F(and subdirectories match.)184 +388.8 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 405.6 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are w\ +ritten in the standard GNU error message format.)184 417.6 Q F1 +(histappend)144 434.4 Q F0 .676 +(If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 +446.4 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 -.25(va)2.927 G +(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 458.4 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 475.2 Q(eedit) +-.18 E F0 .576(If set, and)184 487.2 R F1 -.18(re)3.076 G(adline).18 E +F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 +G .575(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .575(ailed his-)-.1 F +(tory substitution.)184 499.2 Q F1(histv)144 516 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .402 +(If set, and)184 528 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 +(is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) +2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 540 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 +(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F1 -.18(re)3.161 +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 552 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 +(hostcomplete)144 568.8 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 580.8 R F1 -.18(re) +3.681 G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 +1.182(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F .503(when a w) +184 592.8 R .503(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.003 E F0 .503 +(is being completed \(see)3.003 F F1(Completing)3.003 E F0(under)3.003 E +F3(READLINE)3.003 E F0(in)2.752 E F2(bash\(1\))184 604.8 Q F0 2.5 +(\). This)B(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 621.6 Q +F0(If set,)184 633.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F3(SIGHUP)2.5 E +F0(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H +(ogin shell e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 650.4 Q(exit)-.18 E +F0 .219(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 662.4 R .219 +(alue of the)-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 +(option, instead of unsetting)2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 674.4 Q +2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F(option is enabled when)2.5 E F2(posix mode)2.5 +E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti)144 691.2 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments) +.1 E F0 .33(If set, allo)184 703.2 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F +.33(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 +(ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .39 +(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 715.2 R .69 -.15(ve s)-.25 +H .39(hell \(see).15 F F3(COMMENTS)2.89 E F0(in)2.64 E F2(bash\(1\))2.89 +E F0 2.89(\). This)B(option)2.89 E(is enabled by def)184 727.2 Q(ault.) +-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 +E(20)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 21 21 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(lastpipe)144 84 Q F0 +.066(If set, and job control is not acti)184 84 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566 +(,t).15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E +(cuted in the background in the current shell en)184 96 Q(vironment.)-.4 +E F1(lithist)144 112.8 Q F0 .654(If set, and the)184 112.8 R F1(cmdhist) +3.154 E F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F +-.15(ve)-.2 G 3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history)-3.155 F +(with embedded ne)184 124.8 Q +(wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 +(localv)144 141.6 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .422(If set, local v)184 153.6 R +.422(ariables inherit the v)-.25 F .422(alue and attrib)-.25 F .422 +(utes of a v)-.2 F .422(ariable of the same name that)-.25 F -.15(ex)184 +165.6 S .173(ists at a pre).15 F .173(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 +(yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .174 +(The nameref attrib)5.174 F .174(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 177.6 Q +F1(localv)144 194.4 Q(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .329(If set, calling)184 206.4 R +F1(unset)2.829 E F0 .329(on local v)2.829 F .329(ariables in pre)-.25 F +.328(vious function scopes marks them so subse-)-.25 F .543(quent looku\ +ps \214nd them unset until that function returns. This is identical to \ +the beha)184 218.4 R(v-)-.2 E(ior of unsetting local v)184 230.4 Q +(ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F1(login_shell)144 247.2 +Q F0 .693 +(The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 +259.2 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INV)3.192 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(in) +2.942 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(bash\(1\))3.192 E F0(\).)A(The v)184 +271.2 Q(alue may not be changed.)-.25 E F1(mailwar)144 288 Q(n)-.15 E F0 +.814(If set, and a \214le that)184 300 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 +(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F +-.1(wa)184 312 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E +(`The mail in)-.74 E F3(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) +-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 +328.8 Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 340.8 R F1 -.18(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E +F0 .325(is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 +(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH)-.189 E +F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F +(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 352.8 Q +F1(nocaseglob)144 369.6 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 381.6 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 +.436(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f) +-.25 H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 393.6 S +(pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(in)2.5 E +F3(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0(\).)A F1(nocasematch)144 410.4 Q F0 1.194(If set,) +184 422.4 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti)3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H +1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 F .551(while e)184 434.4 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0(or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E +F0 .551(conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 +F -.1(wo)184 446.4 S .623(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering\ + possible completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 +458.4 Q F1(noexpand_translation)144 475.2 Q F0 1.117(If set,)184 487.2 R +F1(bash)3.617 E F0 1.117(encloses the translated results of $"..." quot\ +ing in single quotes instead of)3.617 F(double quotes.)184 499.2 Q +(If the string is not translated, this has no ef)5 E(fect.)-.25 E F1 +(nullglob)144 516 Q F0 .319(If set,)184 528 R F1(bash)2.819 E F0(allo) +2.819 E .319(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa) +2.818 G .318(thname Expansion).1 F F0(in)2.818 E F3(bash\(1\))2.818 E F0 +(\))A(to e)184 540 Q(xpand to a null string, rather than themselv)-.15 E +(es.)-.15 E F1(patsub_r)144 556.8 Q(eplacement)-.18 E F0 .105(If set,) +184 568.8 R F1(bash)2.605 E F0 -.15(ex)2.605 G .105 +(pands occurrences of).15 F F1(&)2.606 E F0 .106 +(in the replacement string of pattern substitution to)2.606 F .989 +(the te)184 580.8 R .988(xt matched by the pattern, as described under) +-.15 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.488 G .988(rameter Expansion).1 F F0(in)3.488 E F3 +(bash\(1\))3.488 E F0(.)A(This option is enabled by def)184 592.8 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 609.6 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 2.802 +(If set, the programmable completion f)184 621.6 R 2.802 +(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.302 E 2.803(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F +F0(in)5.303 E F3(bash\(1\))184 633.6 Q F0 2.5(\)a)C(re enabled.)-2.5 E +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 650.4 Q +(ogcomp_alias)-.18 E F0 2.124 +(If set, and programmable completion is enabled,)184 662.4 R F1(bash) +4.624 E F0 2.124(treats a command name that)4.624 F(doesn')184 674.4 Q +3.288(th)-.18 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-3.288 H(an)3.488 E 3.288(yc)-.15 G .789 +(ompletions as a possible alias and attempts alias e)-3.288 F .789 +(xpansion. If it has)-.15 F 1.473(an alias,)184 686.4 R F1(bash)3.973 E +F0 1.473(attempts programmable completion using the command w)3.973 F +1.473(ord resulting)-.1 F(from the e)184 698.4 Q(xpanded alias.)-.15 E +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E +(21)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 22 22 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(pr)144 84 Q(omptv) +-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447(If set, prompt strings under)184 96 R 1.448 +(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic) +-.15 F -.15(ex)184 108 S 1.834(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va) +-.15 G 4.334(la).25 G 1.834(fter being e)-4.334 F 1.834 +(xpanded as described in)-.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)4.333 E(OMPTING) +-.27 E F0(in)4.083 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(bash\(1\))184 120 Q F0 5 +(.T)C(his option is enabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 136.8 +S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 .329 +(The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) +184 148.8 R F2 .329(RESTRICTED SHELL)2.829 F F0(in)2.58 E F3(bash\(1\)) +184 160.8 Q F0 2.731(\). The)B -.25(va)2.731 G .231 +(lue may not be changed.).25 F .23 +(This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.231 F(x-)-.15 E +(ecuted, allo)184 172.8 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E F1 +(shift_v)144 189.6 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 201.6 R F1 +(shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 +(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 +(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 213.6 Q F1(sour) +144 230.4 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 242.4 R F1(.)3.271 E +F0(\()3.271 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) +-3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 +(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) +184 254.4 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E +(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.1(va)144 271.2 S(rr).1 E(edir_close)-.18 E F0 .74(If \ +set, the shell automatically closes \214le descriptors assigned using t\ +he)184 283.2 R F3({varname})3.24 E F0(redi-)3.24 E .908 +(rection syntax \(see)184 295.2 R F2(REDIRECTION)3.408 E F0(in)3.157 E +F3(bash\(1\))3.407 E F0 3.407(\)i)C .907(nstead of lea)-3.407 F .907 +(ving them open when the)-.2 F(command completes.)184 307.2 Q F1 +(xpg_echo)144 324 Q F0(If set, the)184 336 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 +G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 +E F1(suspend)108 352.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A .909(Suspend the e) +144 364.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .909(cution of this shell until it recei).15 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.41(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.41(signal. A)3.16 F .91 +(login shell, or a shell)3.41 F .753 +(without job control enabled, cannot be suspended; the)144 376.8 R F1 +<ad66>3.253 E F0 .752(option can be used to o)3.252 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +.752(rride this and).15 F .107(force the suspension.)144 388.8 R .107(T\ +he return status is 0 unless the shell is a login shell or job control \ +is not en-)5.107 F(abled and)144 400.8 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0 +(is not supplied.)2.5 E F1(test)108 417.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1 +([)108 429.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878 +(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 429.6 R .877 +(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .877 +(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 441.6 +S(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 +(ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 +(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 1.232 +(primaries described in)144 453.6 R F3(bash\(1\))3.732 E F0(under)3.731 +E F2(CONDITION)3.731 E 1.231(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(.)A F1(test)5.731 E F0 1.231(does not accept an)3.731 F(y)-.15 E +(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 465.6 Q(gument of)-.18 +E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .785 +(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 483.6 R .786 +(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.412 +(dence. The)144 495.6 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 +(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .911(guments; see belo)-.18 F +4.711 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F +(used when there are \214v)144 507.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G +(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 519.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E +F0 -.35(Tr)180 519.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 +E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 531.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 +.26(Returns the v)180 531.6 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 +E F0 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 +(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 543.6 Q F3 -.2 +(ex)144 555.6 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 +-.35(Tr)180 567.6 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 +E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 579.6 S +(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 +591.6 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2 +(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 608.4 Q F0(and)2.5 E +F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E +(xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E +(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 626.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) +180 638.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 650.4 S -.18 +(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 662.4 Q +(xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 +E 2.5(2a)144 674.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) +180 686.4 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 +F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 +(gument is null.)-.18 F 1.682(If the \214rst ar)180 698.4 R 1.683 +(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed in)-.18 F F3 +(bash\(1\))4.183 E F0(under)4.183 E F2(CONDITION)180 710.4 Q .122 +(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .122(the e)2.372 F .122 +(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .121 +(If the \214rst)5.121 F(ar)180 722.4 Q(gument is not a v)-.18 E +(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 +E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(22)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 23 23 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E 2.5(3a)144 84 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E +.236(The follo)180 96 R .236 +(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 +(If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .546 +(the binary conditional operators listed in)180 108 R/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(bash\(1\))3.046 E F0(under)3.046 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(CONDITION)3.046 E .546(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,) +A F0 .887(the result of the e)180 120 R .888(xpression is the result of\ + the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E .434 +(ments as operands.)180 132 R(The)5.434 E/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad61> +2.934 E F0(and)2.934 E F4<ad6f>2.934 E F0 .434 +(operators are considered binary operators when there)2.934 F .645 +(are three ar)180 144 R 3.145(guments. If)-.18 F .645(the \214rst ar) +3.145 F .646(gument is)-.18 F F4(!)3.146 E F0 3.146(,t)C .646(he v) +-3.146 F .646(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .646(tion of the tw) +.05 F(o-ar)-.1 E(gu-)-.18 E .452 +(ment test using the second and third ar)180 156 R 2.951(guments. If) +-.18 F .451(the \214rst ar)2.951 F .451(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E +F4(\()2.951 E F0 .451(and the)2.951 F 1.164(third ar)180 168 R 1.164 +(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F4(\))3.664 E F0 3.664(,t)C 1.164 +(he result is the one-ar)-3.664 F 1.165(gument test of the second ar) +-.18 F(gument.)-.18 E(Otherwise, the e)180 180 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E +(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 192 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .43(The follo) +180 204 R .43(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F +.429(If the \214rst ar)5.429 F .429(gument is)-.18 F F4(!)2.929 E F0 +2.929(,t)C .429(he re-)-2.929 F 1.314(sult is the ne)180 216 R -.05(ga) +-.15 G 1.314(tion of the three-ar).05 F 1.314(gument e)-.18 F 1.314 +(xpression composed of the remaining ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E 2.745 +(ments. the)180 228 R(tw)2.745 E(o-ar)-.1 E .245 +(gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 2.744(guments. If)-.18 +F .244(the \214rst ar)2.744 F(gument)-.18 E .309(is e)180 240 R(xactly) +-.15 E F4(\()2.809 E F0 .309(and the fourth ar)2.809 F .309(gument is e) +-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F4(\))2.809 E F0 2.809(,t)C .31 +(he result is the tw)-2.809 F(o-ar)-.1 E .31(gument test of the)-.18 F +.184(second and third ar)180 252 R 2.684(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F .184 +(the e)2.684 F .183(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .183 +(luated according).25 F(to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 264 +Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 276 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E +(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 288 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e) +-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 +(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 300 +Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 318 Q F4(test)2.5 E F0(or) +2.5 E F4([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F4(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F4(>)2.5 +E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 +E F4(times)108 334.8 Q F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system t\ +imes for the shell and for processes run from the shell.)144 334.8 R +(The return status is 0.)144 346.8 Q F4(trap)108 363.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F4 +(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sigspec)2.5 E +F0(...])2.5 E .682(The command)144 375.6 R F1(ar)3.512 E(g)-.37 E F0 +.682(is to be read and e)3.402 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .682 +(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.183(ss).15 G +(ignal\(s\))-3.183 E F1(sigspec)3.523 E F0 5.683(.I).31 G(f)-5.683 E F1 +(ar)3.513 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.403 E .609(absent \(and there is a single) +144 387.6 R F1(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F4<ad>3.108 E +F0 3.108(,e)C .608 +(ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F +.658(\(the v)144 399.6 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F1(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 +(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F1(sigspec) +144.34 411.6 Q F0 .581 +(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F1(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 +(is not present and)3.3 F F4<ad70>3.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 +(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 423.6 R +F1(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 +F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 435.6 R F4<ad70>3.36 +E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F4(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 +(prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 +(signal. The)144 447.6 R F4<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ +to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F +4.311(bers. Each)144 459.6 R F1(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F1(signal.h)A F0 1.81 +(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E +(names are case insensiti)144 471.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E +F2(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E .666(If a)144 489.6 R F1 +(sigspec)3.506 E F0(is)3.476 E F2(EXIT)3.166 E F0 .666 +(\(0\) the command)2.916 F F1(ar)3.496 E(g)-.37 E F0 .666(is e)3.386 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .666(cuted on e).15 F .667(xit from the shell.)-.15 F +.667(If a)5.667 F F1(sigspec)3.507 E F0(is)3.477 E F2(DE-)3.167 E -.09 +(BU)144 501.6 S(G).09 E F3(,)A F0 .484(the command)2.734 F F1(ar)3.314 E +(g)-.37 E F0 .484(is e)3.204 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .484(cuted before e).15 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F1 .483(simple command)2.984 F F0(,)A F1(for) +2.983 E F0(command,)2.983 E F1(case)2.983 E F0(command,)2.983 E F1 +(select)144 513.6 Q F0 .562(command, e)3.062 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .563 +(ry arithmetic).15 F F1(for)3.063 E F0 .563 +(command, and before the \214rst command e)3.063 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .563 +(cutes in a shell).15 F .442(function \(see)144 525.6 R F2 .442 +(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.942 F F0(in)2.692 E F1(bash\(1\))2.942 E F0 2.941 +(\). Refer)B .441(to the description of the)2.941 F F4(extdeb)2.941 E +(ug)-.2 E F0 .441(option to)2.941 F(the)144 537.6 Q F4(shopt)3.2 E F0 +-.2(bu)3.2 G .7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F +F4(DEB)3.2 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F1(sigspec)3.54 E F0 +(is)3.51 E F2(RETURN)3.2 E F3(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 +549.6 Q F1(ar)3.474 E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 +(cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.643(cuted with the).15 F F4(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F4(sour)3.143 E(ce) +-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 561.6 Q -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuting.).15 E .96(If a)144 579.6 R F1(sigspec)3.8 E F0(is)3.77 E +F2(ERR)3.46 E F3(,)A F0 .96(the command)3.21 F F1(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E F0 +.961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.461(rap).15 G .961(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-3.461 F .185(sin\ +gle simple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255ze\ +ro e)144 591.6 R .184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144 +603.6 R .451(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F2(ERR)2.951 E F0 .451 +(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .452 +(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388 +(mand list immediately follo)144 615.6 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F4(while) +2.888 E F0(or)2.888 E F4(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 +(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F1(if)2.897 E F0 .387 +(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 627.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.778(cuted in a).15 F F4(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F4(||)3.278 E F0 .778 +(list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 +(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F4(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F4(||)3.278 E F0 +3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 639.6 R +1.28(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v) +-3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F +F4(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 651.6 Q +(yed by the)-.15 E F4(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F4<ad65>A F0 2.5 +(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E .132 +(Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 +669.6 R -.35(Tr)5.133 G .133(apped signals that are not be-).35 F .117 +(ing ignored are reset to their original v)144 681.6 R .117 +(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .117 +(vironment when one is cre-)-.4 F 2.5(ated. The)144 693.6 R +(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F1(sigspec)2.84 E F0 +(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E F4(trap)2.5 E F0 +(returns true.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(23)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 24 24 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(type)108 84 Q F0([) +2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 +E F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 96 S .173 +(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F2(name) +3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 +(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F +F1<ad74>144 108 Q F0 .715(option is used,)3.215 F F1(type)3.215 E F0 +.715(prints a string which is one of)3.215 F F2(alias)3.545 E F0(,).27 E +F2 -.1(ke)3.215 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)5.185 E F0 +(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.215 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.215(,o).24 G(r)-3.215 E F2 +(\214le)5.125 E F0(if)3.395 E F2(name)144.36 120 Q F0 .086 +(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 +(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F2 +(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 +(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 132 R .118 +(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F +F1<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F1(type)2.618 E F0 .855 +(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 144 R .855 +(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 +.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .529(mand name, or nothing if) +144 156 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .528(type -t name)3.028 F F0 -.1(wo)3.028 G +.528(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)4.938 E F0 5.528(.T).18 G(he)-5.528 E +F1<ad50>3.028 E F0 .528(option forces a)3.028 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +-.666(PA)3.028 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .006(search for each)144 168 R F2(name) +2.506 E F0 2.506(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.756 G 2.506(ni).15 G(f)-2.506 E F3 .007 +(type -t name)2.506 F F0 -.1(wo)2.507 G .007(uld not return).1 F F2 +(\214le)4.417 E F0 5.007(.I).18 G 2.507(fac)-5.007 G .007 +(ommand is hashed,)-2.507 F F1<ad70>2.507 E F0(and)144 180 Q F1<ad50> +3.231 E F0 .731(print the hashed v)3.231 F .73 +(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 +F F4 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .73(If the) +5.23 F F1<ad61>144 192 Q F0 .823(option is used,)3.323 F F1(type)3.323 E +F0 .824(prints all of the places that contain an e)3.323 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .824(cutable named).15 F F2(name)3.684 E F0 5.824(.T).18 G .824 +(his in-)-5.824 F 1.176 +(cludes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 204 R F1<ad70> +3.676 E F0 1.176(option is not also used.)3.676 F 1.176 +(The table of hashed)6.176 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) +144 216 R F1<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F1<ad66>3.723 E F0 +1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the) +144 228 R F1(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5.326 +E F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325 +(guments are found, f)-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325 +(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 240 Q F1(ulimit)108 256.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255HS)A F0(])A F1<ad61>2.5 E(ulimit)108 268.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HS)A +F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255bcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPR)-2.5 E(T)-.4 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 280.8 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 +(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F +.944(that allo)144 292.8 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F +(The)5.944 E F1<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943 +(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) +144 304.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 +(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ +ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 316.8 R .426 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F1<ad48>2.925 E +F0(nor)2.925 E F1<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425 +(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 +328.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 +(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F +.742(of the special v)144 340.8 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1 +(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) +C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .023 +(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 352.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +5.023(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.023 E F2(limit)2.613 E F0 .023 +(is omitted, the current v)3.203 F .023 +(alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .985 +(source is printed, unless the)144 364.8 R F1<ad48>3.485 E F0 .984 +(option is gi)3.485 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .984 +(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)3.484 F .7 +(limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the v)144 376.8 +R 3.2(alue. Other)-.25 F .7(options are interpreted as)3.2 F(follo)144 +388.8 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 400.8 Q F0 +(All current limits are reported; no limits are set)180 400.8 Q F1<ad62> +144 412.8 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 412.8 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E +(fer size)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 424.8 Q F0 +(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 424.8 Q F1<ad64>144 436.8 +Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 436.8 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) +-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 448.8 Q F0 +(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 448.8 Q F1<ad66>144 +460.8 Q F0 +(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 +460.8 Q F1<ad69>144 472.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 +472.8 Q F1<ad6b>144 484.8 Q F0 +(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 484.8 Q F1 +<ad6c>144 496.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 496.8 Q +(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 508.8 Q F0 +(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 508.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G +(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 520.8 Q F0 .791(Th\ +e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) +180 520.8 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F +(be set\))180 532.8 Q F1<ad70>144 544.8 Q F0 +(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 544.8 Q F1 +<ad71>144 556.8 Q F0 +(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 556.8 Q F1 +<ad72>144 568.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 568.8 +Q F1<ad73>144 580.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 580.8 Q F1<ad74>144 +592.8 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 592.8 Q F1 +<ad75>144 604.8 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 604.8 Q -.25 +(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 616.8 Q F0 .47 +(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 616.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 +(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 +628.8 Q F1<ad78>144 640.8 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 +640.8 Q F1<ad50>144 652.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 +652.8 Q F1<ad52>144 664.8 Q F0(The maximum time a real-time process can\ + run before blocking, in microseconds)180 664.8 Q F1<ad54>144 676.8 Q F0 +(The maximum number of threads)180 676.8 Q(If)144 693.6 Q F2(limit)3.058 +E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F1<ad61> +2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468 +(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 +(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .044 +(no option is gi)144 705.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1<ad66> +2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 +(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1 +<ad74>2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F .67(in seconds;)144 +717.6 R F1<ad52>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in microseconds;)-3.17 F +F1<ad70>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;) +-3.17 F F1<ad50>3.17 E F0(,)A F1<ad54>3.17 E F0(,)A F1<ad62>3.17 E F0(,) +A F1<ad6b>144 729.6 Q F0(,)A F1<ad6e>3.736 E F0 3.736(,a)C(nd)-3.736 E +F1<ad75>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are unscaled v)-3.736 F 1.236 +(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F1<ad63>3.736 E F0(and)3.736 E +F1<ad66>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.237(hich are in)-3.736 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 +768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(24)185.545 E 0 Cg +EP +%%Page: 25 25 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .239(512-byte increments.)144 84 R .238 +(The return status is 0 unless an in)5.239 F -.25(va)-.4 G .238 +(lid option or ar).25 F .238(gument is supplied, or an)-.18 F +(error occurs while setting a ne)144 96 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E/F1 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF(umask)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .18 +(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 124.8 R F2(mode)3.06 E F0 +5.18(.I).18 G(f)-5.18 E F2(mode)3.06 E F0(be)2.86 E .18 +(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ +therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ +pted by)144 136.8 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +148.8 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 +(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382 +(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 +(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 160.8 R .547 +(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G +(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 +(mode)144.38 172.8 Q F0 .551 +(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 +F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 184.8 Q +(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E +(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 +(unalias)108 201.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 213.6 Q 1.058 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +3.258 E F0 .758(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.258 F(If)5.758 E +F1<ad61>3.258 E F0 .757(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-) +3.258 F(mo)144 225.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 242.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 +(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) +2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 254.4 S 3.803(re).15 G(ach)-3.803 E F2(name)4.163 E F0 +3.803(,r).18 G(emo)-3.803 E 1.603 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.303 +(he corresponding v).15 F 1.303(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.303 +(If the)6.303 F F1<ad76>3.804 E F0 1.304(option is gi)3.804 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 1.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 266.4 Q F0 .465 +(refers to a shell v)3.145 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464 +(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.964(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) +2.964 G .464(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.768(set. If)144 278.4 R F1 +<ad66>2.768 E F0 .269(is speci\214ed, each)2.768 F F2(name)3.129 E F0 +.269(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo) +2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .404(If the)144 290.4 R F1<ad6e>2.904 E +F0 .404(option is supplied, and)2.904 F F2(name)2.904 E F0 .404(is a v) +2.904 F .404(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.904 E(ef)-.37 E F0 +(attrib)2.904 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.904 E F0 .403(will be unset)2.904 F +.719(rather than the v)144 302.4 R .719(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1 +<ad6e>5.719 E F0 .719(has no ef)3.219 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F1<ad66> +3.22 E F0 .72(option is supplied.)3.22 F .72(If no options)5.72 F .737 +(are supplied, each)144 314.4 R F2(name)3.237 E F0 .737(refers to a v) +3.237 F .737(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .736 +(ariable by that name, a function with)-.25 F 1.761(that name, if an)144 +326.4 R 3.061 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.261(su).65 G 4.261(nset. 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