/* evalstring.c - evaluate a string as one or more shell commands. */ /* Copyright (C) 1996-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash. If not, see . */ #include #if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H) # ifdef _MINIX # include # endif # include #endif #include #include #include #include "filecntl.h" #include "../bashansi.h" #include "../shell.h" #include "../jobs.h" #include "../builtins.h" #include "../flags.h" #include "../parser.h" #include "../input.h" #include "../execute_cmd.h" #include "../redir.h" #include "../trap.h" #include "../bashintl.h" #include #if defined (HISTORY) # include "../bashhist.h" #endif #include "common.h" #include "builtext.h" #if !defined (errno) extern int errno; #endif #define IS_BUILTIN(s) (builtin_address_internal(s, 0) != (struct builtin *)NULL) int parse_and_execute_level = 0; static int cat_file PARAMS((REDIRECT *)); #define PE_TAG "parse_and_execute top" #define PS_TAG "parse_string top" #if defined (HISTORY) static void set_history_remembering () { remember_on_history = enable_history_list; } #endif static void restore_lastcom (x) char *x; { FREE (the_printed_command_except_trap); the_printed_command_except_trap = x; } int should_optimize_fork (command, subshell) COMMAND *command; int subshell; { return (running_trap == 0 && command->type == cm_simple && signal_is_trapped (EXIT_TRAP) == 0 && signal_is_trapped (ERROR_TRAP) == 0 && any_signals_trapped () < 0 && (subshell || (command->redirects == 0 && command->value.Simple->redirects == 0)) && ((command->flags & CMD_TIME_PIPELINE) == 0) && ((command->flags & CMD_INVERT_RETURN) == 0)); } /* This has extra tests to account for STARTUP_STATE == 2, which is for -c command but has been extended to command and process substitution (basically any time you call parse_and_execute in a subshell). */ int should_suppress_fork (command) COMMAND *command; { int subshell; subshell = subshell_environment & SUBSHELL_PROCSUB; /* salt to taste */ return (startup_state == 2 && parse_and_execute_level == 1 && *bash_input.location.string == '\0' && parser_expanding_alias () == 0 && should_optimize_fork (command, subshell)); } int can_optimize_connection (command) COMMAND *command; { return (*bash_input.location.string == '\0' && parser_expanding_alias () == 0 && (command->value.Connection->connector == AND_AND || command->value.Connection->connector == OR_OR || command->value.Connection->connector == ';') && command->value.Connection->second->type == cm_simple); } void optimize_connection_fork (command) COMMAND *command; { if (command->type == cm_connection && (command->value.Connection->connector == AND_AND || command->value.Connection->connector == OR_OR || command->value.Connection->connector == ';') && (command->value.Connection->second->flags & CMD_TRY_OPTIMIZING) && (should_suppress_fork (command->value.Connection->second) || ((subshell_environment & SUBSHELL_PAREN) && should_optimize_fork (command->value.Connection->second, 0)))) { command->value.Connection->second->flags |= CMD_NO_FORK; command->value.Connection->second->value.Simple->flags |= CMD_NO_FORK; } } void optimize_subshell_command (command) COMMAND *command; { if (should_optimize_fork (command, 0)) { command->flags |= CMD_NO_FORK; command->value.Simple->flags |= CMD_NO_FORK; } else if (command->type == cm_connection && (command->value.Connection->connector == AND_AND || command->value.Connection->connector == OR_OR || command->value.Connection->connector == ';') && command->value.Connection->second->type == cm_simple && parser_expanding_alias () == 0) { command->value.Connection->second->flags |= CMD_TRY_OPTIMIZING; command->value.Connection->second->value.Simple->flags |= CMD_TRY_OPTIMIZING; } } void optimize_shell_function (command) COMMAND *command; { COMMAND *fc; fc = (command->type == cm_group) ? command->value.Group->command : command; if (fc->type == cm_simple && should_suppress_fork (fc)) { fc->flags |= CMD_NO_FORK; fc->value.Simple->flags |= CMD_NO_FORK; } else if (fc->type == cm_connection && can_optimize_connection (fc) && should_suppress_fork (fc->value.Connection->second)) { fc->value.Connection->second->flags |= CMD_NO_FORK; fc->value.Connection->second->value.Simple->flags |= CMD_NO_FORK; } } int can_optimize_cat_file (command) COMMAND *command; { return (command->type == cm_simple && !command->redirects && (command->flags & CMD_TIME_PIPELINE) == 0 && command->value.Simple->words == 0 && command->value.Simple->redirects && command->value.Simple->redirects->next == 0 && command->value.Simple->redirects->instruction == r_input_direction && command->value.Simple->redirects->redirector.dest == 0); } /* How to force parse_and_execute () to clean up after itself. */ void parse_and_execute_cleanup (old_running_trap) int old_running_trap; { if (running_trap > 0) { /* We assume if we have a different value for running_trap than when we started (the only caller that cares is evalstring()), the original caller will perform the cleanup, and we should not step on them. */ if (running_trap != old_running_trap) run_trap_cleanup (running_trap - 1); unfreeze_jobs_list (); } if (have_unwind_protects ()) run_unwind_frame (PE_TAG); else parse_and_execute_level = 0; /* XXX */ } static void parse_prologue (string, flags, tag) char *string; int flags; char *tag; { char *orig_string, *lastcom; int x; orig_string = string; /* Unwind protect this invocation of parse_and_execute (). */ begin_unwind_frame (tag); unwind_protect_int (parse_and_execute_level); unwind_protect_jmp_buf (top_level); unwind_protect_int (indirection_level); unwind_protect_int (line_number); unwind_protect_int (line_number_for_err_trap); unwind_protect_int (loop_level); unwind_protect_int (executing_list); unwind_protect_int (comsub_ignore_return); if (flags & (SEVAL_NONINT|SEVAL_INTERACT)) unwind_protect_int (interactive); #if defined (HISTORY) if (parse_and_execute_level == 0) add_unwind_protect (set_history_remembering, (char *)NULL); else unwind_protect_int (remember_on_history); /* can be used in scripts */ # if defined (BANG_HISTORY) unwind_protect_int (history_expansion_inhibited); # endif /* BANG_HISTORY */ #endif /* HISTORY */ if (interactive_shell) { x = get_current_prompt_level (); add_unwind_protect (set_current_prompt_level, x); } if (the_printed_command_except_trap) { lastcom = savestring (the_printed_command_except_trap); add_unwind_protect (restore_lastcom, lastcom); } add_unwind_protect (pop_stream, (char *)NULL); if (parser_expanding_alias ()) add_unwind_protect (parser_restore_alias, (char *)NULL); if (orig_string && ((flags & SEVAL_NOFREE) == 0)) add_unwind_protect (xfree, orig_string); end_unwind_frame (); if (flags & (SEVAL_NONINT|SEVAL_INTERACT)) interactive = (flags & SEVAL_NONINT) ? 0 : 1; #if defined (HISTORY) if (flags & SEVAL_NOHIST) bash_history_disable (); # if defined (BANG_HISTORY) if (flags & SEVAL_NOHISTEXP) history_expansion_inhibited = 1; # endif /* BANG_HISTORY */ #endif /* HISTORY */ } /* Parse and execute the commands in STRING. Returns whatever execute_command () returns. This frees STRING. FLAGS is a flags word; look in common.h for the possible values. Actions are: (flags & SEVAL_NONINT) -> interactive = 0; (flags & SEVAL_INTERACT) -> interactive = 1; (flags & SEVAL_NOHIST) -> call bash_history_disable () (flags & SEVAL_NOFREE) -> don't free STRING when finished (flags & SEVAL_RESETLINE) -> reset line_number to 1 (flags & SEVAL_NOHISTEXP) -> history_expansion_inhibited -> 1 (flags & SEVAL_NOOPTIMIZE) -> don't try to turn on optimizing flags */ int parse_and_execute (string, from_file, flags) char *string; const char *from_file; int flags; { int code, lreset; volatile int should_jump_to_top_level, last_result; COMMAND *volatile command; volatile sigset_t pe_sigmask; parse_prologue (string, flags, PE_TAG); parse_and_execute_level++; lreset = flags & SEVAL_RESETLINE; #if defined (HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS) /* If we longjmp and are going to go on, use this to restore signal mask */ sigemptyset ((sigset_t *)&pe_sigmask); sigprocmask (SIG_BLOCK, (sigset_t *)NULL, (sigset_t *)&pe_sigmask); #endif /* Reset the line number if the caller wants us to. If we don't reset the line number, we have to subtract one, because we will add one just before executing the next command (resetting the line number sets it to 0; the first line number is 1). */ push_stream (lreset); if (parser_expanding_alias ()) /* push current shell_input_line */ parser_save_alias (); if (lreset == 0) line_number--; indirection_level++; code = should_jump_to_top_level = 0; last_result = EXECUTION_SUCCESS; /* We need to reset enough of the token state so we can start fresh. */ if (current_token == yacc_EOF) current_token = '\n'; /* reset_parser() ? */ with_input_from_string (string, from_file); clear_shell_input_line (); while (*(bash_input.location.string) || parser_expanding_alias ()) { command = (COMMAND *)NULL; if (interrupt_state) { last_result = EXECUTION_FAILURE; break; } /* Provide a location for functions which `longjmp (top_level)' to jump to. This prevents errors in substitution from restarting the reader loop directly, for example. */ code = setjmp_nosigs (top_level); if (code) { should_jump_to_top_level = 0; switch (code) { case ERREXIT: /* variable_context -> 0 is what eval.c:reader_loop() does in these circumstances. Don't bother with cleanup here because we don't want to run the function execution cleanup stuff that will cause pop_context and other functions to run. We call reset_local_contexts() instead, which just frees context memory. XXX - change that if we want the function context to be unwound. */ if (exit_immediately_on_error && variable_context) { discard_unwind_frame ("pe_dispose"); reset_local_contexts (); /* not in a function */ } should_jump_to_top_level = 1; goto out; case FORCE_EOF: case EXITPROG: if (command) run_unwind_frame ("pe_dispose"); /* Remember to call longjmp (top_level) after the old value for it is restored. */ should_jump_to_top_level = 1; goto out; case EXITBLTIN: if (command) { if (variable_context && signal_is_trapped (0)) { /* Let's make sure we run the exit trap in the function context, as we do when not running parse_and_execute. The pe_dispose unwind frame comes before any unwind- protects installed by the string we're evaluating, so it will undo the current function scope. */ dispose_command (command); discard_unwind_frame ("pe_dispose"); } else run_unwind_frame ("pe_dispose"); } should_jump_to_top_level = 1; goto out; case DISCARD: if (command) run_unwind_frame ("pe_dispose"); last_result = last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE; /* XXX */ set_pipestatus_from_exit (last_command_exit_value); if (subshell_environment) { should_jump_to_top_level = 1; goto out; } else { #if 0 dispose_command (command); /* pe_dispose does this */ #endif #if defined (HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS) sigprocmask (SIG_SETMASK, (sigset_t *)&pe_sigmask, (sigset_t *)NULL); #endif continue; } default: command_error ("parse_and_execute", CMDERR_BADJUMP, code, 0); break; } } if (parse_command () == 0) { int local_expalias, local_alflag; if ((flags & SEVAL_PARSEONLY) || (interactive_shell == 0 && read_but_dont_execute)) { last_result = EXECUTION_SUCCESS; dispose_command (global_command); global_command = (COMMAND *)NULL; } else if (command = global_command) { struct fd_bitmap *bitmap; if (flags & SEVAL_FUNCDEF) { char *x; /* If the command parses to something other than a straight function definition, or if we have not consumed the entire string, or if the parser has transformed the function name (as parsing will if it begins or ends with shell whitespace, for example), reject the attempt */ if (command->type != cm_function_def || ((x = parser_remaining_input ()) && *x) || (STREQ (from_file, command->value.Function_def->name->word) == 0)) { internal_warning (_("%s: ignoring function definition attempt"), from_file); should_jump_to_top_level = 0; last_result = last_command_exit_value = EX_BADUSAGE; set_pipestatus_from_exit (last_command_exit_value); reset_parser (); break; } } bitmap = new_fd_bitmap (FD_BITMAP_SIZE); begin_unwind_frame ("pe_dispose"); add_unwind_protect (dispose_fd_bitmap, bitmap); add_unwind_protect (dispose_command, command); /* XXX */ global_command = (COMMAND *)NULL; if ((subshell_environment & SUBSHELL_COMSUB) && comsub_ignore_return) command->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN; #if defined (ONESHOT) /* * IF * we were invoked as `bash -c' (startup_state == 2) AND * parse_and_execute has not been called recursively AND * we're not running a trap AND * we have parsed the full command (string == '\0') AND * we're not going to run the exit trap AND * we have a simple command without redirections AND * the command is not being timed AND * the command's return status is not being inverted AND * there aren't any traps in effect * THEN * tell the execution code that we don't need to fork */ if (should_suppress_fork (command)) { command->flags |= CMD_NO_FORK; command->value.Simple->flags |= CMD_NO_FORK; } /* Can't optimize forks out here execept for simple commands. This knows that the parser sets up commands as left-side heavy (&& and || are left-associative) and after the single parse, if we are at the end of the command string, the last in a series of connection commands is command->value.Connection->second. */ else if (command->type == cm_connection && (flags & SEVAL_NOOPTIMIZE) == 0 && can_optimize_connection (command)) { command->value.Connection->second->flags |= CMD_TRY_OPTIMIZING; command->value.Connection->second->value.Simple->flags |= CMD_TRY_OPTIMIZING; } #endif /* ONESHOT */ /* We play tricks in the parser and command_substitute() turning expand_aliases on and off depending on which parsing pass and whether or not we're in posix mode. This only matters for parsing, and we let the higher layers deal with that. We just want to ensure that expand_aliases is set to the appropriate global value when we go to execute this command, so we save and restore it around the execution (we don't restore it if the global value of the flag (expaliases_flag) changes). */ local_expalias = expand_aliases; local_alflag = expaliases_flag; if (subshell_environment & SUBSHELL_COMSUB) expand_aliases = expaliases_flag; /* See if this is a candidate for $( value.Simple->redirects); last_result = (r < 0) ? EXECUTION_FAILURE : EXECUTION_SUCCESS; } else last_result = execute_command_internal (command, 0, NO_PIPE, NO_PIPE, bitmap); dispose_command (command); dispose_fd_bitmap (bitmap); discard_unwind_frame ("pe_dispose"); /* If the global value didn't change, we restore what we had. */ if ((subshell_environment & SUBSHELL_COMSUB) && local_alflag == expaliases_flag) expand_aliases = local_expalias; if (flags & SEVAL_ONECMD) { reset_parser (); break; } } } else { last_result = EX_BADUSAGE; /* was EXECUTION_FAILURE */ if (interactive_shell == 0 && this_shell_builtin && (this_shell_builtin == source_builtin || this_shell_builtin == eval_builtin) && last_command_exit_value == EX_BADSYNTAX && posixly_correct && executing_command_builtin == 0) { should_jump_to_top_level = 1; code = ERREXIT; last_command_exit_value = EX_BADUSAGE; } /* Since we are shell compatible, syntax errors in a script abort the execution of the script. Right? */ break; } } out: run_unwind_frame (PE_TAG); if (interrupt_state && parse_and_execute_level == 0) { /* An interrupt during non-interactive execution in an interactive shell (e.g. via $PROMPT_COMMAND) should not cause the shell to exit. */ interactive = interactive_shell; throw_to_top_level (); } CHECK_TERMSIG; if (should_jump_to_top_level) jump_to_top_level (code); return (last_result); } /* Parse a command contained in STRING according to FLAGS and return the number of characters consumed from the string. If non-NULL, set *ENDP to the position in the string where the parse ended. Used to validate command substitutions during parsing to obey Posix rules about finding the end of the command and balancing parens. */ int parse_string (string, from_file, flags, cmdp, endp) char *string; const char *from_file; int flags; COMMAND **cmdp; char **endp; { int code, nc; volatile int should_jump_to_top_level; COMMAND *volatile command, *oglobal; char *ostring; volatile sigset_t ps_sigmask; parse_prologue (string, flags, PS_TAG); #if defined (HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS) /* If we longjmp and are going to go on, use this to restore signal mask */ sigemptyset ((sigset_t *)&ps_sigmask); sigprocmask (SIG_BLOCK, (sigset_t *)NULL, (sigset_t *)&ps_sigmask); #endif /* Reset the line number if the caller wants us to. If we don't reset the line number, we have to subtract one, because we will add one just before executing the next command (resetting the line number sets it to 0; the first line number is 1). */ push_stream (0); if (parser_expanding_alias ()) /* push current shell_input_line */ parser_save_alias (); code = should_jump_to_top_level = 0; oglobal = global_command; with_input_from_string (string, from_file); ostring = bash_input.location.string; while (*(bash_input.location.string)) /* XXX - parser_expanding_alias () ? */ { command = (COMMAND *)NULL; #if 0 if (interrupt_state) break; #endif /* Provide a location for functions which `longjmp (top_level)' to jump to. */ code = setjmp_nosigs (top_level); if (code) { INTERNAL_DEBUG(("parse_string: longjmp executed: code = %d", code)); should_jump_to_top_level = 0; switch (code) { case FORCE_EOF: case ERREXIT: case EXITPROG: case EXITBLTIN: case DISCARD: /* XXX */ if (command) dispose_command (command); /* Remember to call longjmp (top_level) after the old value for it is restored. */ should_jump_to_top_level = 1; goto out; default: #if defined (HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS) sigprocmask (SIG_SETMASK, (sigset_t *)&ps_sigmask, (sigset_t *)NULL); #endif command_error ("parse_string", CMDERR_BADJUMP, code, 0); break; } } if (parse_command () == 0) { if (cmdp) *cmdp = global_command; else dispose_command (global_command); global_command = (COMMAND *)NULL; } else { if ((flags & SEVAL_NOLONGJMP) == 0) { should_jump_to_top_level = 1; code = DISCARD; } else reset_parser (); /* XXX - sets token_to_read */ break; } if (current_token == yacc_EOF || current_token == shell_eof_token) { if (current_token == shell_eof_token) rewind_input_string (); break; } } out: global_command = oglobal; nc = bash_input.location.string - ostring; if (endp) *endp = bash_input.location.string; run_unwind_frame (PS_TAG); /* If we return < 0, the caller (xparse_dolparen) will jump_to_top_level for us, after doing cleanup */ if (should_jump_to_top_level) { if (parse_and_execute_level == 0) top_level_cleanup (); if (code == DISCARD) return -DISCARD; jump_to_top_level (code); } return (nc); } int open_redir_file (r, fnp) REDIRECT *r; char **fnp; { char *fn; int fd, rval; if (r->instruction != r_input_direction) return -1; /* Get the filename. */ if (posixly_correct && !interactive_shell) disallow_filename_globbing++; fn = redirection_expand (r->redirectee.filename); if (posixly_correct && !interactive_shell) disallow_filename_globbing--; if (fn == 0) { redirection_error (r, AMBIGUOUS_REDIRECT, fn); return -1; } fd = open(fn, O_RDONLY); if (fd < 0) { file_error (fn); free (fn); if (fnp) *fnp = 0; return -1; } if (fnp) *fnp = fn; return fd; } /* Handle a $( < file ) command substitution. This expands the filename, returning errors as appropriate, then just cats the file to the standard output. */ static int cat_file (r) REDIRECT *r; { char *fn; int fd, rval; fd = open_redir_file (r, &fn); if (fd < 0) return -1; rval = zcatfd (fd, 1, fn); free (fn); close (fd); return (rval); } int evalstring (string, from_file, flags) char *string; const char *from_file; int flags; { volatile int r, rflag, rcatch; volatile int was_trap; /* Are we running a trap when we execute this function? */ was_trap = running_trap; rcatch = 0; rflag = return_catch_flag; /* If we are in a place where `return' is valid, we have to catch `eval "... return"' and make sure parse_and_execute cleans up. Then we can trampoline to the previous saved return_catch location. */ if (rflag) { begin_unwind_frame ("evalstring"); unwind_protect_int (return_catch_flag); unwind_protect_jmp_buf (return_catch); return_catch_flag++; /* increment so we have a counter */ rcatch = setjmp_nosigs (return_catch); } if (rcatch) { /* We care about whether or not we are running the same trap we were when we entered this function. */ parse_and_execute_cleanup (was_trap); r = return_catch_value; } else /* Note that parse_and_execute () frees the string it is passed. */ r = parse_and_execute (string, from_file, flags); if (rflag) { run_unwind_frame ("evalstring"); if (rcatch && return_catch_flag) { return_catch_value = r; sh_longjmp (return_catch, 1); } } return (r); }