# these didn't work in versions of bash before bash-4.0

LNAME=nordholz

echo ${LNAME[$(( 0 ))]//h/!}
echo ${LNAME[$(( 2 ))]//h/!}

echo ${LNAME[$(( 0 ))]##??}
echo ${LNAME[$(( 2 ))]##??}

echo ${LNAME[$(( 0 ))]:2}
echo ${LNAME[$(( 0 ))]:2:4}
echo ${LNAME[$(( 2 ))]:2}
echo ${LNAME[$(( 2 ))]:2:4}