# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program. If not, see . # export LC_ALL=C export LANG=C # test out the new $(< filename) code # it should be exactly equivalent to $(cat filename) FILENAME=$TMPDIR/bashtmp.x$$ trap 'rm -f $FILENAME' 0 cat >$FILENAME << EOF line 1 line 2 line 3 EOF LINES1=$(cat $FILENAME) LINES2=$(< $FILENAME) if [[ $LINES1 != $LINES2 ]]; then echo 'whoops: $(< filename) failed' fi LINES2=$(< $TMPDIR/bashtmp.x*) if [[ $LINES1 != $LINES2 ]]; then echo 'whoops: $(< filename) with glob expansion failed' fi # but the glob expansion in the redirection should fail in posix mode set -o posix exec 3>&2 exec 2>/dev/null LINES2=$(< $TMPDIR/bashtmp.x*) exec 2>&3 if [[ $LINES2 -gt 0 ]]; then echo "whoops: redirection glob expansion should be disabled in posix mode" >&2 fi set +o posix # now see what happens when we try it with a non-existent file rm -f /tmp/redir-notthere LINES3=$(< /tmp/redir-notthere) echo $? # These were bugs through bash-4.2 { : "$({xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx}