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-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad50>144 192 Q F0(List current)180 192 Q
F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F1
<ad73>144 204 Q F0(Display)180 204 Q F1 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0
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(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo)-.15 G
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228 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(ys)-.05 G
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(utput.)-2.5 E F1<ad76>144 240 Q F0(Display)180 240 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G
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(alues.)-.25 E F1<ad66>144 264 Q F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 276 Q
.3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
<ad71>144 288 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 300 Q -.15
(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H(he named).1
E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 312 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0
(Unbind all k)180 324 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G(ound to the named)
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360 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F2(shell\255command)A F0(Cause)
180 372 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe)
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(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-)
4.325 E(mand)180 384 Q F0 1.765(is e)4.265 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765
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1.186(current location of the insertion point and the sa)180 408 R -.15
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Q F0 .83(List all k)180 468 R 1.13 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829
(equences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a for)
.15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 480 Q(The return v)
144 496.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5
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(xited. The)-.15 F .214(return v)2.714 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144
549.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2
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(does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 715.2 Q
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156 Q .167
(ysical directory structure by resolving symbolic links while tra)-.05 F
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(tory is written to the standard output.)144 276 R .15
(If the directory change is successful,)5.15 F F1(cd)2.65 E F0 .15
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E .457(vironment v)-.4 F(ari-)-.25 E .125(able to the v)144 300 R .125
(alue of the current w)-.25 F .126(orking directory before the change.)
-.1 F .126(The return v)5.126 F .126(alue is true if the)-.25 F
(directory w)144 312 Q(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)
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(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.835 F .064(Only b)5.064
F .064(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 352.8 R
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3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F2(command)3.202 E
F0(is)3.772 E .4(performed using a def)144 364.8 R .4(ault v)-.1 F .4
(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.9 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .399
(that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If)
5.399 E .174(either the)144 376.8 R F1<ad56>2.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F1
<ad76>2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F2
(command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F1<ad76>2.675 E
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F F1<ad56>144 400.8 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249
(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F1<ad56>2.749 E F0(or)
2.749 E F1<ad76>2.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25
(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 412.8 R F2(command)3.705 E F0 -.1
(wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004
(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F2
(command)144.2 424.8 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599
(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599
(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 436.8 S
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F(mable completion f)144 501.6 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G
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E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 525.6 R .352
(ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\
em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144
537.6 R(If)5.02 E F2(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only)
2.52 F(those completions matching)144 549.6 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0
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(alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G
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(complete)108 590.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
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(options are supplied, e)144 638.4 R .139
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(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144
686.4 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955
(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F1<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955
(option indicates that)3.455 F .876
(other supplied options and actions should apply to `)144 698.4 R
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(option indicates that other supplied options and actions)2.947 F 1.149
(should apply to completion on the initial non-assignment w)144 722.4 R
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/Times-Bold@0 SF(;)2.931 E F0(or)2.931 E F1(|)2.931 E F0 2.931(,w)C .431
(hich is usually command name completion.)-2.931 F .43
(If multiple options are sup-)5.43 F .707(plied, the)144 96 R F1<ad44>
3.207 E F0 .707(option tak)3.207 F .707(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15(ve)
-.15 G(r).15 E F1<ad45>3.208 E F0 3.208(,a)C .708(nd both tak)-3.208 F
3.208(ep)-.1 G .708(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F1<ad49>
3.208 E F0 5.708(.I)C 3.208(fa)-5.708 G 1.008 -.15(ny o)-3.208 H(f).15 E
F1<ad44>3.208 E F0(,)A F1<ad45>144 108 Q F0 2.604(,o)C(r)-2.604 E F1
<ad49>2.604 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15 G(ther)
-2.603 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.603 E F0(ar)2.603 E .103
(guments are ignored; these completions only apply to the)-.18 F
(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 120 Q .152
(The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144
144 R .153(ord completion is attempted is de-)-.1 F(scribed in)144 156 Q
F2(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0(.)A .556(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 180
R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F
.555(The ar)5.555 F .555(guments to the)-.18 F F1<ad47>3.055 E F0(,)A F1
<ad57>3.055 E F0 3.055(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F1<ad58>3.055 E F0 .722
(options \(and, if necessary)144 192 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F1
<ad50>3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E F1<ad53>3.222 E F0 .723
(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E
(sion before the)144 204 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1<ad6f>144 216 Q F2
(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 228 Q F2(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291
(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec')
.15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291
(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 240 Q F2
(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 252 Q F0
.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 264 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0
.281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 276 Q
F1(default)184 288 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')224 288 R 5.376(sd)-.55 G
(ef)-5.376 E 2.875
(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.)
224 300 Q F1(dir)184 312 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\
etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 324 Q F1(\214lenames)184
336 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 348 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \
\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E
.134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 360 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134
(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45
(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 372 R .45
(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 384 Q F1(noquote)
184 396 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 396 S .814
(ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F
3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F
(\214lenames is the def)224 408 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 420 Q F0
-.7(Te)224 420 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\
ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 432 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 432 S
.22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1
F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 444 Q F1
(plusdirs)184 456 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 456 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985
(atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F
.583(completion is attempted and an)224 468 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584
(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 480
Q F1<ad41>144 492 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 504 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0
(may be one of the follo)2.5 E
(wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184
516 Q F0(Alias names.)224 516 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61>
2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 528 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 540 Q
(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 552 Q(Readline)224 552 Q F0 -.1
(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 564 S(iltin)
.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 564 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E
(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 576
Q F0(Command names.)224 588 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5
E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 600 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 612 Q
(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 624
Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 636 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184
648 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 648 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184
660 Q F0(Names of e)224 660 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May)
-.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184
672 Q F0(File names.)224 672 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66>
2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 684 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 696
Q F1(gr)184 708 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 708 Q
(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad67>2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768
Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(4)190.545 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(helptopic)184 84 Q F0
(Help topics as accepted by the)224 96 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 108 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 120 Q
(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 132 Q F0
(Job names, if job control is acti)224 132 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G
(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 144 S
(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 156 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May)
-.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184
168 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 168 Q -.15
(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 180 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 180
Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 192
Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 192 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5
E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1
(shopt)184 204 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 204 Q F1
(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 216 Q F0
(Signal names.)224 216 Q F1(stopped)184 228 Q F0
(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 228 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
(.).15 E F1(user)184 240 Q F0(User names.)224 240 Q
(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 252 S
(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 252 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F
(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 264 Q/F3
10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 276 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556
F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056
(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F 2.5
(completions. Ar)184 288 R(guments are passed as with the)-.18 E F1
<ad46>2.5 E F0(option.)2.5 E F1<ad46>144 300 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 .113
(The shell function)184 312 R F3(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614
(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 324 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1
($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816
(he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407
(are being completed, the second ar)184 336 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1
($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407
(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 348 R .104
(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w)
-2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103
(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 360 R
.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the)
-.25 F F2(COMPREPL)184 372 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E
F1<ad47>144 384 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008(The pathname e)184 396 R
1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F
1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 408 Q
F1<ad50>144 420 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 432 Q(e\214x)-.37 E
F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534
(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F
-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 444 Q F1<ad53>144 456 Q F3(suf)2.5 E
<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 456 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0
(is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5
E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 468 Q F3(wor)2.5 E
(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 480 Q F3(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14
(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139
(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .98
(each resultant w)184 492 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)-.15
F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F3(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 E F0
3.481(,i)C 3.481(no)-3.481 G .981(rder to)-3.481 F(pro)184 504 Q .766
(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .765
(ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25
(va)184 516 S 1.964(lue of).25 F F2(IFS)4.464 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)
A F0 1.964
(The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which)
6.464 F(match the w)184 528 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1<ad58>144 540
Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 552 Q F0 .456
(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F
.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596
(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 564 R 1.596
(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 576 Q F3(\214lterpat)
3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704
(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0
(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704
(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 588 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G
(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E
-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 604.8 R .466
(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466
(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.967 E F0
(or)2.967 E F1<ad72>2.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362
(plied without a)144 616.8 R F3(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361
(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H
1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F3(name)144 628.8 Q F0
(for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E
(xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E
F1(compopt)108 645.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
F3(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 657.6
R F3(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F3(option)2.947 E F0
.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726
(completion if no)144 669.6 R F3(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726
(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F3(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)
C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725
(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 681.6 Q F3(name)
3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v)
5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F3(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224
F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 693.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)
2.678 G .178(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he)
-5.178 E F1<ad44>2.678 E F0 .178
(option indicates that other supplied options should apply to)2.678 F
1.227(the `)144 705.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\
mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \
no)-3.727 F 2.039(completion has pre)144 717.6 R 2.039
(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F1<ad45>4.538 E F0 2.038
(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.538
(should apply to `)144 729.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.038('c)-.74 G 1.539
(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)
-4.038 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22)
.15 E(5)190.545 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(The)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad49>
3.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that other supplied options should apply\
 to completion on the initial non-)3.02 F .867(assignment w)144 96 R
.868(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F1(;)
3.368 E F0(or)3.368 E F1(|)3.368 E F0 3.368(,w)C .868
(hich is usually com-)-3.368 F(mand name completion.)144 108 Q .432
(The return v)144 132 R .431(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)
-.4 G .431(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the op-)
.25 F(tions for a)144 144 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0
(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E
(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 160.8 Q F0([)
2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .85(Resume the ne)144 172.8 R .85
(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)3.35 G(r).25 E F0(,)A
F1(while)3.351 E F0(,)A F1(until)3.351 E F0 3.351(,o)C(r)-3.351 E F1
(select)3.351 E F0 3.351(loop. If)3.351 F F2(n)3.711 E F0 .851
(is speci\214ed, re-)3.591 F .204(sume at the)144 184.8 R F2(n)2.704 E
F0 .204(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)5.564 E F0 .204(must be)2.944 F/F3 10
/Symbol SF<b3>2.704 E F0 2.703(1. If)2.704 F F2(n)3.063 E F0 .203
(is greater than the number of enclosing loops,)2.943 F 1.183
(the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 196.8 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25
G(l').15 E 3.683('l)-.74 G 1.183(oop\) is resumed.)-3.683 F 1.184
(The return v)6.184 F 1.184(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.684 E F0
1.184(is not)3.684 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 208.8 Q F1(declar)
108 225.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
(..])-2.5 E F1(typeset)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0
2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0
2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 249.6 R 1.265
(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F
3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265
(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v)
-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 261.6 S 3.46(riables. The).25
F F1<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(option will display the attrib)3.46 F .96
(utes and v)-.2 F .96(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.82 E F0 5.96(.W).18
G(hen)-5.96 E F1<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(is used)3.46 F(with)144 273.6 Q F2
(name)2.775 E F0(ar)2.775 E .275
(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1<ad66>2.775 E F0(and)
2.775 E F1<ad46>2.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .274(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)
5.274 E F1<ad70>2.774 E F0 .274(is supplied)2.774 F(without)144 285.6 Q
F2(name)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289(guments, it will display the attrib)
-.18 F 1.289(utes and v)-.2 F 1.29(alues of all v)-.25 F 1.29
(ariables ha)-.25 F 1.29(ving the at-)-.2 F(trib)144 297.6 Q .38
(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.)-.2 F .38
(If no other options are supplied with)5.38 F F1<ad70>2.88 E F0(,)A F1
(declar)2.88 E(e)-.18 E F0(will)2.88 E 1.106(display the attrib)144
309.6 R 1.106(utes and v)-.2 F 1.106(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.606
(ariables. The)-.25 F F1<ad66>3.606 E F0 1.107
(option will restrict the display to)3.606 F .3(shell functions.)144
321.6 R(The)5.3 E F1<ad46>2.8 E F0 .299(option inhibits the display of \
function de\214nitions; only the function name)2.8 F 1.54(and attrib)144
333.6 R 1.54(utes are printed.)-.2 F 1.54(If the)6.54 F F1(extdeb)4.04 E
(ug)-.2 E F0 1.54(shell option is enabled using)4.04 F F1(shopt)4.04 E
F0 4.04(,t)C 1.54(he source \214le)-4.04 F .648
(name and line number where each)144 345.6 R F2(name)3.148 E F0 .648
(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)3.148 F(The)5.648 E F1<ad46>3.148 E
F0 .648(option implies)3.148 F F1<ad66>144 357.6 Q F0 5.836(.T)C(he)
-5.836 E F1<ad67>3.336 E F0 .836(option forces v)3.336 F .837
(ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.337(nw).15 G(hen)-3.337 E F1(de-)3.337 E(clar)144 369.6 Q
(e)-.18 E F0 .819(is e)3.319 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .819
(cuted in a shell function.).15 F .818
(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.818 F(The)5.818 E F1<ad49>3.318 E
F0 .818(option causes local)3.318 F -.25(va)144 381.6 S .693
(riables to inherit the attrib).25 F .693(utes \(e)-.2 F .693(xcept the)
-.15 F F2(namer)3.194 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.194 E .694(ute\) and v)-.2
F .694(alue of an)-.25 F 3.194(ye)-.15 G .694(xisting v)-3.344 F
(ariable)-.25 E .82(with the same)144 393.6 R F2(name)3.32 E F0 .82
(at a surrounding scope.)3.32 F .82(If there is no e)5.82 F .82
(xisting v)-.15 F .82(ariable, the local v)-.25 F .82(ariable is)-.25 F
.379(initially unset.)144 405.6 R .379(The follo)5.379 F .379
(wing options can be used to restrict output to v)-.25 F .38
(ariables with the speci\214ed)-.25 F(attrib)144 417.6 Q(ute or to gi)
-.2 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 E F1<ad61>144
429.6 Q F0(Each)180 429.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)
-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E
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441.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H
(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(in)2.5 E F2
(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0(\).)A F1<ad66>144 453.6 Q F0
(Use function names only)180 453.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad69>144 465.6 Q F0
.558(The v)180 465.6 R .558(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558
(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9
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F1<ad6c>144 489.6 Q F0 .909(When the v)180 489.6 R .909
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(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer)
-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 501.6 R(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E
(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 513.6 Q F0(Gi)180 513.6 Q 1.62 -.15
(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.82 E F0(the)3.82 E F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)
-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319
(ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E .477
(That other v)180 525.6 R .478(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F .478
(alue of)-.25 F F2(name)2.978 E F0 5.478(.A)C .478
(ll references, assignments, and at-)-5.478 F(trib)180 537.6 Q .782
(ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F2(name)3.282 E F0 3.282(,e)C .782
(xcept those using or changing the)-3.432 F F1<ad6e>3.281 E F0(attrib)
3.281 E .781(ute itself, are)-.2 F .808(performed on the v)180 549.6 R
.808(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D
3.308(alue. The).3 F .809(nameref attrib)3.309 F .809(ute cannot be)-.2
F(applied to array v)180 561.6 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad72>144 573.6 Q F0
(Mak)180 573.6 Q(e)-.1 E F2(name)3.655 E F0 3.655(sr)C(eadonly)-3.655 E
6.154(.T)-.65 G 1.154(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-6.154 F
1.154(alues by subsequent as-)-.25 F(signment statements or unset.)180
585.6 Q F1<ad74>144 597.6 Q F0(Gi)180 597.6 Q .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach)
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(DEB)2.929 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0
(traps from the calling shell.)180 609.6 Q(The trace attrib)5 E
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621.6 Q F0 .91(When the v)180 621.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25
F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2
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144 645.6 Q F0(Mark)180 645.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E
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(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 662.4 R 2.643(ft)-.25 G .143
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(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.644 E F0(and)2.644 E F1(+A)2.644 E F0
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(declar)3.543 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.543 E F1(typeset)3.543 E F0(mak)3.543
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(local, as with the)3.543 F F1(local)3.544 E F0 1.044
(command, unless the)3.544 F F1<ad67>3.544 E F0 1.205
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(,t)C 1.205(he v)-3.705 F 1.205(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.205
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(ariables, addi-)-.25 F .882(tional attrib)144 722.4 R .882
(utes do not tak)-.2 F 3.382(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.382 G .882
(ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .882(The return v)5.882 F .882
(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15
(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(6)190.545 E 0 Cg EP
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is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using).25 F/F1
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(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .548(alue to an)-.25 F
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(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.859(fr)-.25 G .359
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(thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.)
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(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 184.8 R 1.238
(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F2(pushd)144 196.8 Q
F0 .928(command; the)3.428 F F2(popd)3.428 E F0 .928(command remo)3.428
F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.428(se).15 G .928(ntries from the list.)-3.428 F .928
(The current directory is al-)5.928 F -.1(wa)144 208.8 S
(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F2<ad63>144 220.8 Q F0
(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 220.8 Q
F2<ad6c>144 232.8 Q F0 .881
(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 232.8 R .882
(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180
244.8 Q(.)-.65 E F2<ad70>144 256.8 Q F0
(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 256.8 Q F2<ad76>
144 268.8 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \
pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 268.8 R 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772
(nt)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 280.8 Q F2(+)144 292.8 Q F3(n)A F0
1.564(Displays the)180 292.8 R F3(n)4.064 E F0 1.565
(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F2
(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E
(without options, starting with zero.)180 304.8 Q F2<ad>144 316.8 Q F3
(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 316.8 R F3(n)3.694 E F0 1.194
(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F
F2(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E
(without options, starting with zero.)180 328.8 Q .257(The return v)144
345.6 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258
(lid option is supplied or).25 F F3(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe)
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.15 F(tory stack.)144 357.6 Q F2(diso)108 374.4 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F2
(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(jobspec)-2.5 E F0
(... |)2.5 E F3(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 386.4 S .122
(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F3(jobspec)
4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H
2.622(obs. If).15 F F3(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .121(is not present, and)2.932
F .096(neither the)144 398.4 R F2<ad61>2.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F
F2<ad72>2.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F3(curr)2.596 E
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<ad68>2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each)
.15 F F3(jobspec)145.74 410.4 Q F0 .586(is not remo)3.396 F -.15(ve)-.15
G 3.086(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.086 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F
.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .585
(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 422.4 R -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F4(SIGHUP)A/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962
(If no)5.462 F F3(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F2
<ad61>3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15
H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.359(jobs; the)144 434.4 R F2
<ad72>3.859 E F0 1.359(option without a)3.859 F F3(jobspec)5.599 E F0
(ar)4.169 E 1.358(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F
1.358(The return)6.358 F -.25(va)144 446.4 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F3
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F2(echo)108 463.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F3(ar)-2.5 E(g)
-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .424(Output the)144 475.2 R F3(ar)2.924 E(g)-.37 E
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(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .308
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(ve)-.25 G .307(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E .197(pretation of the follo)144
499.2 R .198(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)
5.198 E F2<ad45>2.698 E F0 .198(option disables the in-)2.698 F .067
(terpretation of these escape characters, e)144 511.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
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(ya)-.15 G .067(re interpreted by def)-2.567 F 2.567(ault. The)-.1 F F2
(xpg_echo)144 523.2 Q F0 .601
(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.101
F F2(echo)3.102 E F0 -.15(ex)3.102 G .602(pands these).15 F .659
(escape characters by def)144 535.2 R(ault.)-.1 E F2(echo)5.659 E F0
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144 559.2 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 559.2 Q F2(\\b)144 571.2 Q F0
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583.2 Q F2(\\e)144 595.2 Q(\\E)144 607.2 Q F0(an escape character)180
607.2 Q F2(\\f)144 619.2 Q F0(form feed)180 619.2 Q F2(\\n)144 631.2 Q
F0(ne)180 631.2 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F2(\\r)144 643.2 Q F0
(carriage return)180 643.2 Q F2(\\t)144 655.2 Q F0(horizontal tab)180
655.2 Q F2(\\v)144 667.2 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 667.2 S(rtical tab).15 E F2
(\\\\)144 679.2 Q F0(backslash)180 679.2 Q F2(\\0)144 691.2 Q F3(nnn)A
F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 691.2 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25
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(\\x)144 703.2 Q F3(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 703.2 Q
(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F3(HH)2.5 E F0
(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
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4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 108 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1
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(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 132 R .547
(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-)
3.047 E(HHH)180 144 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))
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(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834
(the same name as a shell b)144 184.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15
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(ve)-.25 G 3.333(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989
(the shell normally searches for b)144 196.8 R .989
(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .99
(is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F .649
(abled; otherwise,)144 208.8 R F2(names)3.148 E F0 .648(are enabled.)
3.148 F -.15(Fo)5.648 G 3.148(re).15 G .648(xample, to use the)-3.298 F
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SF -.666(PA)3.148 G(TH)-.189 E F0(in-)2.898 E .538(stead of the shell b)
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F0 .539(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 232.8 S
1.365(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.225 E F0 1.365(from shared object)
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(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-3.865 F .606(Bash will use the v)
144 244.8 R .606(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)3.106 G(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4
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(riable as a colon-separated list of).25 F .549
(directories in which to search for)144 256.8 R F2(\214lename)3.049 E F0
5.549(.T)C .549(he def)-5.549 F .548(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 F
(The)5.548 E F1<ad64>3.048 E F0 .548(option will)3.048 F .546
(delete a b)144 268.8 R .546(uiltin pre)-.2 F .546(viously loaded with)
-.25 F F1<ad66>3.046 E F0 5.547(.I)C 3.047(fn)-5.547 G(o)-3.047 E F2
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.547(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is)3.047 F .546
(supplied, a list of shell b)144 280.8 R .545(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F
-.4(Wi)5.545 G .545(th no other option ar).4 F .545
(guments, the list consists of all)-.18 F .695(enabled shell b)144 292.8
R 3.195(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>3.195 E F0 .695
(is supplied, only disabled b)3.195 F .695(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F
(If)5.695 E F1<ad61>3.195 E F0 .695(is supplied, the)3.195 F .262
(list printed includes all b)144 304.8 R .261
(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is enabled.)-.2 F
(If)5.261 E F1<ad73>2.761 E F0 .261(is sup-)2.761 F .268
(plied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)144 316.8 R F2(special)
2.768 E F0 -.2(bu)2.768 G 2.768(iltins. If).2 F .269
(no options are supplied and a)2.768 F F2(name)2.769 E F0 .285
(is not a shell b)144 328.8 R(uiltin,)-.2 E F1(enable)2.784 E F0 .284
(will attempt to load)2.784 F F2(name)2.784 E F0 .284
(from a shared object named)2.784 F F2(name)2.784 E F0 2.784(,a)C 2.784
(si)-2.784 G 2.784(ft)-2.784 G(he)-2.784 E 1.41(command were)144 340.8 R
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1.41(he return v)-6.41 F 1.41(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 F F2(name)4.27 E
F0 1.41(is not a shell)4.09 F -.2(bu)144 352.8 S
(iltin or there is an error loading a ne).2 E 2.5(wb)-.25 G
(uiltin from a shared object.)-2.7 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 369.6 T(l).15
E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 381.6 Q F2(ar)3.171
E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C .671
(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F .67
(This command is then read)5.67 F .478(and e)144 393.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
.478(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .478
(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .479(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15
(ev a)2.979 H(l).15 E F0 5.479(.I)C 2.979(ft)-5.479 G .479(here are no)
-2.979 F F2(ar)3.309 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 405.6 Q
(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1
(exec)108 422.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2
(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)
-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 434.4 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306
(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805
(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E
(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 446.4 R .176
(guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G
(he)-2.676 E F1<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176
(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177
(ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 458.4 R .48(gument passed to)
-.18 F F2(command)3.18 E F0 5.48(.T).77 G .48(his is what)-5.48 F F2(lo)
3.07 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .48(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.48 E F1<ad63>2.98 E F0
.48(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 470.4 Q F0 .638
(to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138
(vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638
(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the)
3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 482.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0
1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a)
.15 F(non-interacti)144 494.4 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F
.576(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577
(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577
F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 506.4 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s)
-.25 H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1
F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82
(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .287(tionally if)144 518.4 R F1(exec)2.787 E F0
-.1(fa)2.787 G 2.787(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.987 E F0 .287
(is not speci\214ed, an)3.557 F 2.788(yr)-.15 G .288(edirections tak)
-2.788 F 2.788(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.788 G .288(ect in the current shell,)
.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 530.4 Q
(If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G
(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 547.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 547.2 R .096(xit with a status of)
-.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095
(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command)
-.15 F -.15(exe)144 559.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5
E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E
F1(export)108 576 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5
E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 588 Q F0
.256(The supplied)144 600 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F
.257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257
(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627
(commands. If)144 612 R(the)2.627 E F1<ad66>2.627 E F0 .127
(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E
F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E
F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>
144 624 Q F0 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F
.048(xported v)-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1
<ad6e>2.548 E F0 .048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 636 S 1.447
(port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447
(rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G
1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)
-.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 648 S .741(lue of the v).25
F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1
(export)5.741 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742
(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is)
.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 660 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032
(is not a v)2.532 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25
F F1<ad66>2.531 E F0 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F2(name)2.891 E F0
(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 672 Q F1(fc)108 688.8 Q F0([)2.5 E
F1<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
<8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108
700.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .431
(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 712.8 R F2<8c72>
4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .432
(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144
724.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs)
.45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141
(may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F
(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(8)
190.545 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(be)144 84 Q .31
(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 F 2.811(xi)
-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti)
.05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .071(is used as an of)144 96 R
.071(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F .071
(When listing, a)5.071 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF<8c72>2.571 E(st)-.1 E
F0(or)2.571 E F1(last)2.571 E F0 .071(of 0 is equi)2.571 F -.25(va)-.25
G(-).25 E .653(lent to \2551 and \2550 is equi)144 108 R -.25(va)-.25 G
.653(lent to the current command \(usually the).25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0
SF(fc)3.153 E F0 .653(command\); otherwise 0 is)3.153 F(equi)144 120 Q
-.25(va)-.25 G .242(lent to \2551 and \2550 is in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G
2.742(lid. If).25 F F1(last)2.832 E F0 .242
(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the current command for list-)3.422 F
.092(ing \(so that)144 132 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .092(fc \255l \25510)
2.592 F F0 .093(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)2.592 F F1<8c72>
4.503 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.593(otherwise. If)3.273 F F1<8c72>4.503 E(st)-.1 E
F0 .093(is not speci-)3.273 F(\214ed, it is set to the pre)144 144 Q
(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 168 Q
F2<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022
(option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E
F2<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022
(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 180 R .438(If the)5.438
F F2<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438
(n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E
.335(the editor gi)144 192 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E F1
(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do)
.1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F
(If)5.334 E F1(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 204 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0
SF(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 -.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F
.631(alue of)-.25 F F4(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F4(FCEDIT)
3.131 E F0 .631(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .006(ther v)144
216 R .006(ariable is set,)-.25 F F1(vi)4.171 E F0 .005(is used.)4.171 F
.005(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and e)
5.005 F(x-)-.15 E(ecuted.)144 228 Q .788(In the second form,)144 252 R
F1(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788
(cuted after each instance of).15 F F1(pat)3.288 E F0 .788
(is replaced by)3.288 F F1 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F1(Com-)5.789
E(mand)144 264 Q F0 .172(is interpreted the same as)2.672 F F1<8c72>
2.672 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.672 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.172(.A).15 G .171
(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F3 .171(r='fc \255s')2.671 F F0
2.671(,s)C 2.671(ot)-2.671 G(hat)-2.671 E(typing)144 276 Q F3 7.165(rc)
3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166
(ginning with)-.15 F F3(cc)3.666 E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F3(r)
3.666 E F0(re-e)3.666 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.166(cutes the last com-).15 F
(mand.)144 288 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 312
R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142
(lid option is encountered or).25 F F1<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322
E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 324 R
.454(If the)5.454 F F2<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454
(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455
(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 336 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788
(cuted or f).15 F .787
(ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F
.787(If the)5.787 F 1.135
(second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144
348 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136
(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 360 Q
(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F2(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E
(ailure.)-.1 E F2(fg)108 376.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume)
144 388.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413
(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413
(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0
1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 400.8 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G
.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F1(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617
(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617
(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 412.8 Q
.363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363
(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362
(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 424.8 Q
F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0
(speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E
F2(getopts)108 441.6 Q F1(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5
(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(getopts)144 453.6 Q F0 .793
(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F1
(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15
(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 465.6 R .149
(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449
-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 477.6 Q .578
(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579
(The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E .636
(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 489.6 R .636
(Each time it is in)5.636 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F2(getopts)
3.136 E F0 .636(places the ne)3.136 F .635(xt op-)-.15 F .029
(tion in the shell v)144 501.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)2.889 E F0 2.529
(,i).18 G(nitializing)-2.529 E F1(name)2.889 E F0 .029(if it does not e)
2.709 F .03(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 2.53(xo)-.15 G 2.53(ft)-2.53 G .03
(he ne)-2.53 F .03(xt ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E .066
(ment to be processed into the v)144 513.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTIND)
2.566 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4(OPTIND)4.566 E F0 .065
(is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a)2.315 F .885
(shell script is in)144 525.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.385(d. When)
.1 F .885(an option requires an ar)3.385 F(gument,)-.18 E F2(getopts)
3.385 E F0 .885(places that ar)3.385 F .885(gument into)-.18 F .567
(the v)144 537.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.067 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0
.566(The shell does not reset)5.067 F F4(OPTIND)3.066 E F0 .566
(automatically; it must be manually reset)2.816 F .389
(between multiple calls to)144 549.6 R F2(getopts)2.889 E F0 .389
(within the same shell in)2.889 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .39(cation if a ne).2 F
2.89(ws)-.25 G .39(et of parameters is to)-2.89 F(be used.)144 561.6 Q
2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 585.6 R F2(getopts)
4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043
(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F4(OPTIND)144 597.6 Q F0
(is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G
(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0
(is set to ?.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 621.6 Q F0 .485
(normally parses the positional parameters, b)2.985 F .485
(ut if more ar)-.2 F .485(guments are supplied as)-.18 F F1(ar)3.315 E
(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(va)3.205 G(l-).25 E(ues,)144 633.6 Q F2(getopts)2.5 E
F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 657.6 Q F0 .345
(can report errors in tw)2.845 F 2.845(ow)-.1 G 2.845(ays. If)-2.945 F
.345(the \214rst character of)2.845 F F1(optstring)3.075 E F0 .345
(is a colon,)3.065 F F1(silent)3.185 E F0 .345(error re-)3.525 F 1.668
(porting is used.)144 669.6 R 1.668
(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.668 F
-.25(va)-.4 G 1.669(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144
681.6 R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F
(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394
(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 693.6 Q
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E
F1(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .666(If an in)144 717.6 R
-.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,).25 F F2(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667
(places ? into)3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .667
(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4(and unsets)144
729.6 R F4(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F2(getopts)2.899 E
F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F4
(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(9)190.545 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(diagnostic message is printed.)144 84 Q
1.241(If a required ar)144 108 R 1.241(gument is not found, and)-.18 F
/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241
(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F1(?).833 E F0 3.742(\)i).833
G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242(laced in)-3.742 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(name)144.36 120 Q F0(,).18 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPT)2.714 E(ARG)-.81
E F0 .213(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.463 F(If)
5.213 E F1(getopts)2.713 E F0 .213(is silent, then a colon \()2.713 F F1
(:).833 E F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 132 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68
E F3(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25
E F1(getopts)144 156 Q F0 .902
(returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.)
3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F
(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 168 Q F1(hash)108 184.8
Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E
F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858
(Each time)144 196.8 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4
G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F2(name)
3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956
(the directories in)144 208.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0
.956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956
(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 220.8
R F1<ad70>2.743 E F0 .243
(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F2
(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .242(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F .615
(of the command.)144 232.8 R(The)5.615 E F1<ad72>3.115 E F0 .615
(option causes the shell to for)3.115 F .615
(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)5.615 E F1<ad64>3.115 E F0
(op-)3.115 E .294(tion causes the shell to for)144 244.8 R .294
(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)2.793 E F0 5.293(.I)
C 2.793(ft)-5.293 G(he)-2.793 E F1<ad74>2.793 E F0 .293
(option is supplied,)2.793 F .028(the full pathname to which each)144
256.8 R F2(name)2.528 E F0 .028(corresponds is printed.)2.528 F .028
(If multiple)5.028 F F2(name)2.528 E F0(ar)2.528 E .028
(guments are sup-)-.18 F .176(plied with)144 268.8 R F1<ad74>2.676 E F0
2.676(,t)C(he)-2.676 E F2(name)2.676 E F0 .175
(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)2.676 F(The)5.175 E F1
<ad6c>2.675 E F0 .175(option causes output to)2.675 F .783
(be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 280.8 R .783
(If no ar)5.783 F .783(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .783
(n, or if only).15 F F1<ad6c>3.283 E F0(is)3.283 E .807
(supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)144 292.8 R
.807(The return status is true unless a)5.807 F F2(name)144.36 304.8 Q
F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.)
.25 E F1(help)108 321.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2
(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .866(Display helpful information about b)144
333.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0
.867(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25
G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .224(help on all commands matching)144
345.6 R F2(pattern)3.974 E F0 2.723(;o).24 G .223
(therwise help for all the b)-2.723 F .223
(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 357.6 Q F1
<ad64>144 369.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 369.6 Q F2
(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 381.6 Q F0(Display the description of each)
180 381.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G
(ormat)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 393.6 Q F0
(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 393.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5
E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 410.4 Q F2
(pattern)3.75 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 427.2 Q F2(n)A F1(])A
(history \255c)108 439.2 Q(history \255d)108 451.2 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)
-.18 E F1(history \255d)108 463.2 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F1
(history \255anrw)108 475.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A F1
(history \255p)108 487.2 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5
(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 499.2 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)
-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144
511.2 S .752
(th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F
.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2
G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 523.2 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18
F F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88
(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(HISTTIMEFOR-)
2.88 E(MA)144 535.2 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264
(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.514 F F2
(strftime)2.765 E F0 .265(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.02
(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 547.2 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G
3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019
(ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176
(time stamp and the history line.)144 559.2 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename)
2.676 E F0 .176
(is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F
(not, the v)144 571.2 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.)
2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 583.2 Q F0
(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 583.2 Q F1
<ad64>144 595.2 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .39
(Delete the history entry at position)180 607.2 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset)
-.18 E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne)
2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.889(,i).15 G 2.889(ti)
-2.889 G 2.889(si)-2.889 G .389(nterpreted as relati)-2.889 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G .598(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180
619.2 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599
(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 631.2 Q 2.5(,a)
-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G
(efers to the current)-2.5 E F1(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1
<ad64>144 643.2 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F0 1.25
(Delete the range of history entries between positions)180 655.2 R F2
(start)3.75 E F0(and)3.75 E F2(end)3.75 E F0 3.75(,i)C(nclusi)-3.75 E
-.15(ve)-.25 G 6.25(.P).15 G(ositi)-6.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(and ne)180
667.2 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(alues for)-.1 E F2
(start)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(end)2.5 E F0
(are interpreted as described abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1<ad61>
144 679.2 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 679.2 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.064
('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.064 F .565
(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 691.2 Q
(ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E
(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 703.2
Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214\
le into the current history list.)180 703.2 R .772
(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 715.2 R
.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E
(sion.)180 727.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15
G(mber 22).15 E(10)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad72>144 84 Q F0(Rea\
d the contents of the history \214le and append them to the current his\
tory list.)180 84 Q F1<ad77>144 96 Q F0
(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 96 Q -.15
(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G(ontents.)
-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 108 Q F0 .626
(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 108 R(wing)-.25 E/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625
(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180
120 R .475(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475
E F2(ar)2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F
(normal history e)180 132 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 144 Q F0 .363
(Store the)180 144 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363
(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362
(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 156 Q -.15(ve)
-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0
(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 172.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145
(riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history)
.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 184.8 R .669
(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668
(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 196.8 R .956
(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956
(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .833
(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 208.8 R .833
(wing history entry)-.25 F 5.832(.T)-.65 G .832(he return v)-5.832 F
.832(alue is 0 unless an in-)-.25 F -.25(va)144 220.8 S .168(lid option\
 is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \
\214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)2.669 E(f-)-.18 E(set)
144 232.8 Q F0 .341(or range is supplied as an ar)2.841 F .341
(gument to)-.18 F F1<ad64>2.841 E F0 2.841(,o)C 2.84(rt)-2.841 G .34
(he history e)-2.84 F .34(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F .34
(gument to)-.18 F F1<ad70>144 244.8 Q F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)
108 261.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])
2.5 E F1(jobs \255x)108 273.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E
(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 285.6 Q .3
-.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 297.6 Q F0
(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 297.6 Q F1
<ad6e>144 309.6 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha)
180 309.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15
F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 321.6 Q F1<ad70>
144 333.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 333.6 Q 2.5(sp)
-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 345.6 Q F0
(Display only running jobs.)180 345.6 Q F1<ad73>144 357.6 Q F0
(Display only stopped jobs.)180 357.6 Q(If)144 374.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.554
E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314
(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T)
-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 386.4 Q -.25
(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25
E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 403.2 R F1
<ad78>2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0
.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in)
3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395
(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 415.2 Q
-.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar)
2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15
E F1(kill)108 432 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1
<ad6e>2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5
(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1
(kill \255l)108 444 Q F0(|)A F1<ad4c>A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5
E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .017(Send the signal named by)
144 456 R F2(sigspec)2.857 E F0(or)2.827 E F2(signum)2.857 E F0 .017
(to the processes named by)2.837 F F2(pid)3.767 E F0(or)3.287 E F2
(jobspec)4.257 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.357 E F0(is)2.827 E .318
(either a case-insensiti)144 468 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318
(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319
(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319
(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 480 Q F2(signum)3.268 E F0
.427(is a signal number)3.247 F 5.427(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.427 E F2(sigspec)
3.267 E F0 .427(is not present, then)3.237 F F3(SIGTERM)2.927 E F0 .427
(is assumed.)2.677 F .427(An ar)5.427 F(-)-.2 E .313(gument of)144 492 R
F1<ad6c>2.813 E F0 .314(lists the signal names.)2.814 F .314(If an)5.314
F 2.814(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.814 G .314(uments are supplied when).18 F
F1<ad6c>2.814 E F0 .314(is gi)2.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314
(n, the names of).15 F .12(the signals corresponding to the ar)144 504 R
.119(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.119 E
F2 -.2(ex)2.619 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)2.619 E(-)-.2 E .799(gument to)
144 516 R F1<ad6c>3.299 E F0 .799
(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)3.299 F .8
(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 528 R
(The)5.962 E F1<ad4c>3.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25
G .962(lent to).25 F F1<ad6c>3.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962
(returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E
(successfully sent, or f)144 540 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1
E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 556.8 Q F2
(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144
568.8 Q F2(ar)5.817 E(g)-.37 E F0 2.987(is an arithmetic e)5.707 F 2.987
(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.987(luated \(see).25 F F3
2.987(ARITHMETIC EV)5.487 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0
(in)5.238 E F2(bash\(1\))144 580.8 Q F0 2.5(\). If)B(the last)2.5 E F2
(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E
F0(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 597.6 Q F0([)
2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5
(].)C(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 609.6 S 2.542(re).15 G .042(ach ar)
-2.542 F .042(gument, a local v)-.18 F .042(ariable named)-.25 F F2
(name)2.902 E F0 .042(is created, and assigned)2.722 F F2(value)2.832 E
F0 5.042(.T).18 G(he)-5.042 E F2(option)2.542 E F0 .041(can be)2.541 F
(an)144 621.6 Q 3.152(yo)-.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652
(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar)3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)
C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653
(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144
633.6 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H
.422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F
(If)5.421 E F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F .509
(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 645.6 R F1
(local)3.01 E F0 .51(is in)3.01 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .51
(d: shell options changed us-).1 F 1.171(ing the)144 657.6 R F1(set)
3.671 E F0 -.2(bu)3.671 G 1.171
(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.17
(alues when the function re-)-.25 F 3.38(turns. The)144 669.6 R .88
(restore is ef)3.38 F .88(fected as if a series of)-.25 F F1(set)3.381 E
F0 .881(commands were e)3.381 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .881
(cuted to restore the v).15 F(alues)-.25 E .788
(that were in place before the function.)144 681.6 R -.4(Wi)5.788 G .788
(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)3.288 E F0 .787(writes a list of local v)
3.288 F .787(ariables to)-.25 F .654(the standard output.)144 693.6 R
.654(It is an error to use)5.654 F F1(local)3.154 E F0 .654
(when not within a function.)3.154 F .655(The return status is 0)5.654 F
(unless)144 705.6 Q F1(local)2.5 E F0(is used outside a function, an in)
2.5 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or)2.68 E
F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72
768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(11)185.545 E 0 Cg
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(logout)108 84 Q F0
(Exit a login shell.)144 84 Q F1(map\214le)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
<ad64>A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E
F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1
<ad73>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1
<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)
-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)
-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 112.8 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E
F1<ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0
2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2
(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2
(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)
C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0
(])A .159(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 124.8 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G 2.659(da).15 G .159(rray v)-2.659 F(ariable)-.25 E F2
(arr)2.989 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.659(,o).32 G 2.658(rf)-2.659 G .158
(rom \214le descriptor)-2.658 F F2(fd)4.628 E F0 1.248(if the)144 136.8
R F1<ad75>3.748 E F0 1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249
F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249
(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F2(arr)3.749 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C
1.249(ptions, if supplied,)-6.249 F(ha)144 148.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad64>144 160.8 Q F0 .911
(The \214rst character of)180 160.8 R F2(delim)3.411 E F0 .911
(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.411 F 3.41
(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 172.8 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1
(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)
2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad6e>144 184.8 Q F0(Cop)180 184.8 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5
(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count)
2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1<ad4f>144 196.8 Q F0(Be)180
196.8 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82
E(x)-.15 E F2(origin)2.73 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E
2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 208.8 Q F0
(Discard the \214rst)180 208.8 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1
<ad74>144 220.8 Q F0(Remo)180 220.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15
E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E
(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 232.8 Q F0
(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 232.8 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1<ad43>144 244.8 Q F0(Ev)180
244.8 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2
(quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0
(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.75 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 256.8
Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 256.8 Q
F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 273.6 Q F1<ad43>2.967 E F0
.467(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F1<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467
(he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2
(callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467
(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 285.6 R 2.762(xo)-.15
G 2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be ass\
igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .274
(as additional ar)144 297.6 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E
F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274
(luated after the line is read b).25 F .275
(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 309.6 Q
(If not supplied with an e)144 326.4 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1
(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0
(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 343.2 Q F0 .797
(returns successfully unless an in)3.298 F -.25(va)-.4 G .797
(lid option or option ar).25 F .797(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr)
3.297 E(ay)-.15 E F0 .797(is in-)3.297 F -.25(va)144 355.2 S
(lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0
(is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E
F1(popd)108 372 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0
2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 384 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.091(se)
.15 G .591(ntries from the directory stack.)-3.091 F .592
(The elements are numbered from 0 starting at the \214rst)5.591 F .665
(directory listed by)144 396 R F1(dirs)3.165 E F0 5.665(.W)C .665
(ith no ar)-6.065 F(guments,)-.18 E F1(popd)3.165 E F0(remo)3.165 E -.15
(ve)-.15 G 3.165(st).15 G .664(he top directory from the stack, and)
-3.165 F(changes to the ne)144 408 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(op directory)-2.5 E 5
(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-5 G(uments, if supplied, ha).18 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6e>144 420 Q F0 .551
(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 420 R .551
(ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F
(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 432 Q F1(+)144 444 Q F2(n)A F0
(Remo)180 444 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0
.14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F
F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero,)-2.64 F .779
(from the stack.)180 456 R -.15(Fo)5.779 G 3.279(re).15 G(xample:)-3.429
E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .779(popd +0)3.279 F F0(remo)3.279 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
3.279(st).15 G .779(he \214rst directory)-3.279 F(,)-.65 E F4 .78
(popd +1)3.28 F F0 .78(the sec-)3.28 F(ond.)180 468 Q F1<ad>144 480 Q F2
(n)A F0(Remo)180 480 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76
E F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259
(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F
2.5(zero. F)180 492 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0)2.5 E F0
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E F4(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .093
(If the top element of the directory stack is modi\214ed, and the)144
508.8 R F2(-n)2.593 E F0 .094(option w)2.594 F .094(as not supplied,)-.1
F F1(popd)2.594 E F0(uses)2.594 E(the)144 520.8 Q F1(cd)2.697 E F0 -.2
(bu)2.697 G .196
(iltin to change to the directory at the top of the stack.).2 F .196
(If the)5.196 F F1(cd)2.696 E F0 -.1(fa)2.696 G(ils,).1 E F1(popd)2.696
E F0 .196(returns a non-)2.696 F(zero v)144 532.8 Q(alue.)-.25 E
(Otherwise,)144 549.6 Q F1(popd)2.67 E F0 .17(returns f)2.67 F .17
(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .171
(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.671(,o)
-.65 G 2.671(ra)-2.671 G(non-e)144 561.6 Q
(xistent directory stack entry is speci\214ed.)-.15 E 1.556(If the)144
578.4 R F1(popd)4.056 E F0 1.556(command is successful, bash runs)4.056
F F1(dirs)4.056 E F0 1.556(to sho)4.056 F 4.055(wt)-.25 G 1.555
(he \214nal contents of the directory)-4.055 F
(stack, and the return status is 0.)144 590.4 Q F1(printf)108 607.2 Q F0
([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)
A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .357(Write the formatted)144 619.2 R F2(ar)2.857
E(guments)-.37 E F0 .357
(to the standard output under the control of the)2.857 F F2(format)2.858
E F0 5.358(.T)C(he)-5.358 E F1<ad76>2.858 E F0(op-)2.858 E .714
(tion causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 631.2 R(ariable)-.25
E F2(var)3.214 E F0 .714(rather than being printed to the standard)3.214
F(output.)144 643.2 Q(The)144 667.2 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(is a ch\
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 which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, character esc\
ape sequences, which are con)144 679.2 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703
(rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\
\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 691.2 R .037
(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 703.2 Q(gument)-.37 E F0
5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2
(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031
E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 715.2 Q
(xtensions:)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15
G(mber 22).15 E(12)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(%b)144 84 Q F0
(causes)180 84 Q F1(printf)2.595 E F0 .096(to e)2.595 F .096
(xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F/F2 10
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(same w)180 96 Q(ay as)-.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 108 Q
F0(causes)180 108 Q F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)
2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .01
(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F(input.)180 120 Q F1(%Q)
144 132 Q F0(lik)180 132 Q(e)-.1 E F1(%q)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C
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(ar)2.5 E(gument)-.37 E F0(before quoting it.)2.5 E F1(%\()144 144 Q F2
(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes)180 156 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904
(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt)
4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 168 R F2
(strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar)
2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381
(ger representing the number)-.15 F .292(of seconds since the epoch.)180
180 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F
.293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .694
(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 192 R .693
(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.193(d. If).1 F .693(no ar)3.193
F .693(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 204 R -.15(ve)-.4 G
.21(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.71(sa).15 G 2.71(si)-2.71 G 2.71
<66ad>-2.71 G 2.71(1h)-2.71 G .21(ad been gi)-2.71 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.71
(n. This).15 F .21(is an e)2.71 F .21(xception to the usual)-.15 F F1
(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 216 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .902
(The %b, %q, and %T directi)144 232.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.401(sa).15 G
.901(ll use the \214eld width and precision ar)-3.401 F .901
(guments from the format)-.18 F .357(speci\214cation and write that man)
144 244.8 R 2.857(yb)-.15 G .358
(ytes from \(or use that wide a \214eld for\) the e)-2.857 F .358
(xpanded ar)-.15 F(gument,)-.18 E
(which usually contains more characters than the original.)144 256.8 Q
(Ar)144 273.6 Q .464(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are trea\
ted as C constants, e)-.18 F .463(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F
1.258(minus sign is allo)144 285.6 R 1.259
(wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v)
-.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 297.6 Q(alue of the follo)
-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 314.4 Q F2(format)2.515 E
F0 .015(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)2.515 F F2(ar)2.515
E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.015(.I)C 2.514(ft)-5.015 G(he)-2.514 E F2(format)
2.514 E F0 .014(requires more)2.514 F F2(ar)2.514 E(-)-.2 E(guments)144
326.4 Q F0 .565(than are supplied, the e)3.065 F .566
(xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .866 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.066(si)
.15 G 3.066(faz)-3.066 G .566(ero v)-3.066 F .566(alue or null string,)
-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 338.4 Q(The return v)5 E
(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd)
108 355.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C
<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 367.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0
2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the di\
rectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 379.2 R 3.139(wt)
-.25 G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .088(stack the current w)144 391.2 R .088
(orking directory)-.1 F 5.088(.W)-.65 G .088(ith no ar)-5.488 F
(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.589 E F0 -.15(ex)2.589 G .089
(changes the top tw).15 F 2.589(oe)-.1 G .089(lements of)-2.589 F
(the directory stack.)144 403.2 Q(Ar)5 E(guments, if supplied, ha)-.18 E
.3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6e>144
415.2 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotatin\
g or adding directories to the)180 415.2 R
(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 427.2 Q F1(+)144
439.2 Q F2(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)180 439.2 R F2(n)
3.767 E F0 1.268(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B
1.268(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 451.2 Q F0 2.5(,s)C
(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1<ad>144 463.2 Q F2(n)A F0
.92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 463.2 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92
(th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25
F F1(dirs)180 475.2 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)
-2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 487.2 Q F0(Adds)180 487.2 Q F2(dir)2.85 E F0
(to the directory stack at the top)3.23 E .434
(After the stack has been modi\214ed, if the)144 504 R F1<ad6e>2.934 E
F0 .434(option w)2.934 F .435(as not supplied,)-.1 F F1(pushd)2.935 E F0
.435(uses the)2.935 F F1(cd)2.935 E F0 -.2(bu)2.935 G .435(iltin to).2 F
(change to the directory at the top of the stack.)144 516 Q(If the)5 E
F1(cd)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils,).1 E F1(pushd)2.5 E F0
(returns a non-zero v)2.5 E(alue.)-.25 E 1.78(Otherwise, if no ar)144
532.8 R 1.78(guments are supplied,)-.18 F F1(pushd)4.28 E F0 1.78
(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty)4.28 F(.)-.65 E .092
(When rotating the directory stack,)144 544.8 R F1(pushd)2.592 E F0 .093
(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a non-e)2.592 F(x-)
-.15 E(istent directory stack element is speci\214ed.)144 556.8 Q 1.278
(If the)144 573.6 R F1(pushd)3.778 E F0 1.278
(command is successful, bash runs)3.778 F F1(dirs)3.778 E F0 1.277
(to sho)3.777 F 3.777(wt)-.25 G 1.277
(he \214nal contents of the directory)-3.777 F(stack.)144 585.6 Q F1
(pwd)108 602.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .844
(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 614.4 R .845
(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845
(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144
626.4 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1
.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1
(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263
(enabled. If)144 638.4 R(the)3.263 E F1<ad4c>3.263 E F0 .763
(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263
F .764(The return)5.764 F .405(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\
 reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 650.4 R -.25(va)
-.4 G .405(lid op-).25 F(tion is supplied.)144 662.4 Q F1 -.18(re)108
679.2 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.816 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad61>-3.816
E F2(aname)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad64>-3.816 E F2(delim)3.816 E F0
3.816(][)C F1<ad69>-3.816 E F2(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.816(][)C F1
<ad6e>-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad4e>
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F2(pr)3.817 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad74>-3.817 E F2(timeout)
3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad75>-3.817 E F2(fd)3.817 E F0(])A([)108 691.2
Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input\
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(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 715.2 Q F1
<ad75>2.753 E F0 .253(option, split into w)2.753 F .253
(ords as described in)-.1 F F2(bash\(1\))2.754 E F0(under)2.754 E F1
-.75(Wo)2.754 G .254(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.754(,a)C .254
(nd the \214rst w)-2.754 F .254(ord is)-.1 F 1.425
(assigned to the \214rst)144 727.2 R F2(name)4.285 E F0 3.925(,t).18 G
1.425(he second w)-3.925 F 1.425(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)4.285 E
F0 3.925(,a).18 G 1.425(nd so on.)-3.925 F 1.425(If there are more)6.425
F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E
(13)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E -.1(wo)144 84 S 1.112
(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112(ords and their interv)-.1 F
1.112(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F/F1 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)144.36 96 Q F0 5.7(.I).18 G 3.2(ft)-5.7 G .7
(here are fe)-3.2 F .7(wer w)-.25 F .7
(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names are)-.1
F .531(assigned empty v)144 108 R 3.031(alues. The)-.25 F .531
(characters in)3.031 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.031 E F0 .532
(are used to split the line into w)2.781 F .532(ords using the same)-.1
F 1.326(rules the shell uses for e)144 120 R 1.325
(xpansion \(described in)-.15 F F1(bash\(1\))3.825 E F0(under)3.825 E/F3
10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.75(Wo)3.825 G 1.325(rd Splitting).75 F F0 3.825
(\). The)B(backslash)3.825 E .738(character \()144 132 R F3(\\)A F0
3.238(\)m)C .739(ay be used to remo)-3.238 F 1.039 -.15(ve a)-.15 H
1.039 -.15(ny s).15 H .739(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .739
(xt character read and for line)-.15 F 2.5(continuation. Options,)144
144 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3<ad61>144 156 Q F1(aname)2.5 E F0 1.026(The w)
180 168 R 1.026(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)
-.1 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(aname)3.855 E F0 3.525(,s).18 G 1.025
(tarting at 0.)-3.525 F F1(aname)180.33 180 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68
E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E
F1(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F3<ad64>144 192 Q
F1(delim)2.5 E F0 .28(The \214rst character of)180 204 R F1(delim)2.78 E
F0 .281(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.78 F 2.781
(wline. If)-.25 F F1(de-)2.781 E(lim)180 216 Q F0(is the empty string,)
2.5 E F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0
(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F3
<ad65>144 228 Q F0 .629
(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 228 R F3 -.18(re)
3.128 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)3.128 E F2(READLINE)3.128 E F0(in)2.878 E
F1(bash\(1\))3.128 E F0 3.128(\)i)C(s)-3.128 E .048
(used to obtain the line.)180 240 R .049
(Readline uses the current \(or def)5.049 F .049
(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .049(as not pre)-.1 F(vi-)-.25 E
(ously acti)180 252 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)
-2.5 E(ut uses readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 E
(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F3<ad69>144 264 Q F1(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2
E F0(If)180 264 Q F3 -.18(re)2.716 G(adline).18 E F0 .216
(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F1(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216
(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .215(fer before edit-)
-.25 F(ing be)180 276 Q(gins.)-.15 E F3<ad6e>144 288 Q F1(nc)2.5 E(har)
-.15 E(s)-.1 E F3 -.18(re)180 300 S(ad).18 E F0 .322
(returns after reading)2.822 F F1(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .323
(characters rather than w)2.823 F .323
(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 312 Q
(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15
E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F3
<ad4e>144 324 Q F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F3 -.18(re)180 336 S(ad)
.18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(nc)3.769
E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.269
(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274
(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 348 R F3 -.18(re)2.775
G(ad).18 E F0 .275(times out.)2.775 F .275(Delimiter characters encoun-)
5.275 F 1.003
(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 360 R
F3 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F0 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F1(nc)3.502
E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .608(characters are read.)180 372 R .608
(The result is not split on the characters in)5.608 F F3(IFS)3.108 E F0
3.108(;t)C .609(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 384 S .67
(riable is assigned e).25 F .669
(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .669
(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F3<ad72>180 396 Q F0(option belo)
2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F3<ad70>144 408 Q F1(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)
180 420 Q F1(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.66 F
3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161
(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 432 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5
(nput. The)-2.5 F
(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F3
<ad72>144 444 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
180 444 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543(he backslash is considered to be part of)
-5.543 F .492(the line.)180 456 R .492(In particular)5.492 F 2.992(,ab)
-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.992 E .493
(wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.)180
468 Q F3<ad73>144 480 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 480 Q
(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F3
<ad74>144 492 Q F1(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 504 Q F3 -.18(re)2.929 G
(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428
(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56
(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 516 R F1(timeout)3.061 E F0
(seconds.)3.061 E F1(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number)
3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 528 Q
(wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E
.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\
g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180
540 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 552 R .59
(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F3 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589
(times out,)3.09 F F3 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2
G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589
(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 564 S(riable)
.25 E F1(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F1(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27
(is 0,)2.77 F F3 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77
F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G
(ata.)-2.77 E .228(The e)180 576 R .228(xit status is 0 if input is a)
-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G .228(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor)
.25 F 2.728(,o)-.4 G 2.727(rt)-2.728 G .227(he read will re-)-2.727 F
1.224(turn EOF)180 588 R 3.724(,n)-.8 G 1.224(on-zero otherwise.)-3.724
F 1.224(The e)6.224 F 1.225
(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E
(ceeded.)180 600 Q F3<ad75>144 612 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0
(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 612 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522
(If no)144 628.8 R F1(names)3.382 E F0 .522
(are supplied, the line read, without the ending delimiter b)3.292 F
.522(ut otherwise unmodi\214ed, is)-.2 F 1.186(assigned to the v)144
640.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF
(.)A F0 1.186(The e)5.686 F 1.186
(xit status is zero, unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)-.15 F F3 -.18
(re)3.687 G(ad).18 E F0 .961
(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a v)144
652.8 R .96(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .706
(signing to a readonly v)144 664.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in)
-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .706(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar)
.25 F .707(gument to)-.18 F F3<ad75>144 676.8 Q F0(.)A F3 -.18(re)108
693.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F3(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad70>-2.5 E
F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])
-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 705.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F1(names)3.27 E F0
.77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25
F F1(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096
(quent assignment.)144 717.6 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F3<ad66>3.596 E F0
1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F1
(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 729.6 Q 4.903(ed. The)
-.1 F F3<ad61>4.903 E F0 2.403(option restricts the v)4.903 F 2.403
(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.903(da).15 G 2.403(rrays; the)
-4.903 F F3<ad41>4.903 E F0 2.402(option restricts the)4.903 F
(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E
(14)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E -.25(va)144 84 S .424(riables to associati)
.25 F .724 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 2.924(rrays. If).15 F .425
(both options are supplied,)2.924 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad41>2.925 E
F0(tak)2.925 E .425(es precedence.)-.1 F .425(If no)5.425 F/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.285 E F0(ar)3.105 E(-)-.2 E 1.275
(guments are gi)144 96 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.275(n, or if the).15 F F1
<ad70>3.775 E F0 1.275
(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.775 F
(The)6.275 E .559(other options may be used to restrict the output to a\
 subset of the set of readonly names.)144 108 R(The)5.559 E F1<ad70>
3.059 E F0 .201(option causes output to be displayed in a format that m\
ay be reused as input.)144 120 R .2(If a v)5.2 F .2(ariable name is)-.25
F(follo)144 132 Q .133(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.633(,t)C
.133(he v)-2.633 F .133(alue of the v)-.25 F .133(ariable is set to)-.25
F F2(wor)2.633 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.133(.T)C .133
(he return status is 0 unless an in)-5.133 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26
(option is encountered, one of the)144 144 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26
(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)-.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F
F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 156 Q F0
(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 172.8 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 184.8 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F
5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597
(the return status is that of the last command e)144 196.8 R -.15(xe)
-.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E
F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15
G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 208.8 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267
(he last command used to determine the status is the last command e)
-2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .268(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler)
144 220.8 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15
E F0 .02(is e)2.52 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)2.52
E(UG)-.1 E F0 .02(trap, the last command used to deter)2.52 F(-)-.2 E
.885(mine the status is the last command e)144 232.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.386 G(tur).18 E
(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.386 G 3.386(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.386 H -.1(ke)
.4 G 3.386(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 244.8 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .628
(is used outside a function, b)3.128 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe)
-.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.127 E F0(\()5.627 E
F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.127(\)c)C .627(ommand, it)-3.127 F .588
(causes the shell to stop e)144 256.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588
(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589
(or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e)
144 268.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F
.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325
(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444
(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 280.8 R .444
(The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E
(n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381
(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 292.8 R -.15
(xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E
F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E
.749(mand associated with the)144 304.8 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749
(trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15
G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 316.8 Q F1
(set)108 333.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<adad>-2.5 E F0 2.5
(][)C F1<ad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1
(set)108 345.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)
-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<adad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1
<ad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144
357.6 S .574(thout options, display the name and v).4 F .574
(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .573
(ariable in a format that can be reused)-.25 F .113
(as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 369.6 R 2.613
(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.613 G .113
(riables cannot be reset.).25 F(In)5.113 E F2 1.032(posix mode)144 381.6
R F0 3.532(,o)C 1.032(nly shell v)-3.532 F 1.032(ariables are listed.)
-.25 F 1.032(The output is sorted according to the current locale.)6.032
F .58(When options are speci\214ed, the)144 393.6 R 3.081(ys)-.15 G .581
(et or unset shell attrib)-3.081 F 3.081(utes. An)-.2 F 3.081(ya)-.15 G
-.18(rg)-3.081 G .581(uments remaining after op-).18 F .161
(tion processing are treated as v)144 405.6 R .161
(alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order)-.25 F
2.66(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.66 E F1($1)2.66 E F0(,)A F1($2)144 417.6 Q F0(,)A F1
2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 -.15
(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 429.6 Q F0
1.377(Each v)184 429.6 R 1.377
(ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib)-.15 F
1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 441.6 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15
E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 453.6 Q F0 .132
(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 453.6 R
2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E
(primary prompt.)184 465.6 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)
-.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 477.6 Q F0
.087(Exit immediately if a)184 477.6 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087
(\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F
F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 489.6 Q
F2 .86(compound command)3.36 F F0(\(see)3.36 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .86
(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.36 F F0(in)3.11 E F2(bash\(1\))3.36 E F0 .86(\), e)B
.86(xits with a non-zero sta-)-.15 F 2.852(tus. The)184 501.6 R .352
(shell does not e)2.852 F .352(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .353
(ails is part of the command list imme-)-.1 F 1.108(diately follo)184
513.6 R 1.108(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)3.608 E F0(or)3.608 E F1(until)
3.608 E F0 -.1(ke)3.608 G(yw)-.05 E 1.107(ord, part of the test follo)
-.1 F 1.107(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)3.607 E F0(or)3.607 E F1(elif)3.607 E
F0(re-)3.607 E(serv)184 525.6 Q .279(ed w)-.15 F .279(ords, part of an)
-.1 F 2.779(yc)-.15 G .279(ommand e)-2.779 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .279
(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)2.779 E F0(or)2.779 E F1(||)2.78 E F0 .28
(list e)2.78 F .28(xcept the command fol-)-.15 F(lo)184 537.6 Q .703
(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.203 E F0(or)3.203 E F1(||)3.203 E F0
3.203(,a)C 1.003 -.15(ny c)-3.203 H .703(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F
.703(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F(s)-.55 E .476(return v)184
549.6 R .476(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .476(rted with).15 F
F1(!)2.976 E F0 5.476(.I)C 2.976(fac)-5.476 G .476
(ompound command other than a subshell re-)-2.976 F .418
(turns a non-zero status because a command f)184 561.6 R .418
(ailed while)-.1 F F1<ad65>2.918 E F0 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sb).1 G .417
(eing ignored, the shell)-2.918 F .472(does not e)184 573.6 R 2.972
(xit. A)-.15 F .472(trap on)2.972 F F1(ERR)2.972 E F0 2.972(,i)C 2.972
(fs)-2.972 G .472(et, is e)-2.972 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .473
(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.973(xits. This)-.15 F .473(option ap-)
2.973 F 2.114(plies to the shell en)184 585.6 R 2.113
(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F 2.113(vironment separately \(see)
-.4 F F3(COM-)4.613 E .675(MAND EXECUTION ENVIR)184 597.6 R(ONMENT)-.27
E F0(in)2.925 E F2(bash\(1\))3.175 E F0 .675
(\), and may cause subshells to e)B .676(xit be-)-.15 F(fore e)184 609.6
Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting all the commands in the subshell.).15 E .999
(If a compound command or shell function e)184 627.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
.999(cutes in a conte).15 F .998(xt where)-.15 F F1<ad65>3.498 E F0 .998
(is being ig-)3.498 F .089(nored, none of the commands e)184 639.6 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G .089(cuted within the compound command or function body)
.15 F .503(will be af)184 651.6 R .503(fected by the)-.25 F F1<ad65>
3.002 E F0 .502(setting, e)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.002(ni).15 G(f)
-3.002 E F1<ad65>3.002 E F0 .502(is set and a command returns a f)3.002
F .502(ailure sta-)-.1 F 4.183(tus. If)184 663.6 R 4.183(ac)4.183 G
1.683(ompound command or shell function sets)-4.183 F F1<ad65>4.184 E F0
1.684(while e)4.184 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.684(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt)
-.15 E(where)184 675.6 Q F1<ad65>3.154 E F0 .654
(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.154 F .953 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .953
-.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .653(ect until the compound command).25 F
(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 687.6 Q F1
<ad66>144 699.6 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 699.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1
<ad68>144 711.6 Q F0 .988(Remember the location of commands as the)184
711.6 R 3.488(ya)-.15 G .988(re look)-3.488 F .988(ed up for e)-.1 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.488(cution. This).15 F .988(is en-)3.488 F
(abled by def)184 723.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)
136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(15)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6b>144 84 Q F0 .514
(All ar)184 84 R .514
(guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18
F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F
(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 96 Q F1
<ad6d>144 108 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)184 108 R .148
(Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F
.149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .235
(on systems that support it \(see)184 120 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .235
(JOB CONTR)2.735 F(OL)-.27 E F0(in)2.485 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(bash\(1\))2.735 E F0 2.735(\). All)B .234(processes run in a sepa-)
2.735 F .252(rate process group.)184 132 R .252
(When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containing)
5.252 F(its e)184 144 Q(xit status.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 156 Q F0 .653
(Read commands b)184 156 R .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653
(cute them.).15 F .652(This may be used to check a shell script for)
5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 168 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3
-.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1<ad6f>144 180 Q F3(option\255name)2.5 E
F0(The)184 192 Q F3(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5
E(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 204 Q F0(Same as)224 216 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E
F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 228 Q F0(Same as)224 240 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.)
A F1(emacs)184 252 Q F0 .089
(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 252 R 2.589
(ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95
(when the shell is interacti)224 264 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95
(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting)3.45 E
F0 2.5(option. This)224 276 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf)
-.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err)
184 288 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 288 Q F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
(errtrace)184 300 Q F0(Same as)224 300 Q F1<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
(functrace)184 312 Q F0(Same as)224 324 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
(hashall)184 336 Q F0(Same as)224 336 Q F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
(histexpand)184 348 Q F0(Same as)224 360 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
(history)184 372 Q F0 1.001(Enable command history)224 372 R 3.502(,a)
-.65 G 3.502(sd)-3.502 G 1.002(escribed in)-3.502 F F3(bash\(1\))3.502 E
F0(under)3.502 E F2(HIST)3.502 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0
SF(.)A F0 1.002(This op-)5.502 F(tion is on by def)224 384 Q
(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184
396 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 408 R 1.657
(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10)
4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224
420 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(in)2.5 E F3(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0
(\).)A F1 -.1(ke)184 432 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 444 Q F1
<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 456 Q F0(Same as)224 456 Q F1<ad6d>2.5
E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 468 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 480 Q F1<ad43>2.5
E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 492 Q F0(Same as)224 492 Q F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A
F1(noglob)184 504 Q F0(Same as)224 504 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog)
184 516 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 516 Q F1(notify)184 528 Q F0
(Same as)224 528 Q F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 540 Q F0(Same as)
224 540 Q F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 552 Q F0(Same as)224 552 Q
F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 564 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 564 Q
F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 576 Q F0 1.029
(If set, the return v)224 576 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F
1.03(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 588
R 1.136
(xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline)
-.15 F -.15(ex)224 600 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G
(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 612 Q F0
2.09(Change the beha)224 612 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0
2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091
(fers from the)-.25 F 2.704(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224
624 R F3 2.704(posix mode)B F0 5.204(\). See)B F2 2.704(SEE ALSO)5.204 F
F0(in)4.953 E F3(bash\(1\))224 636 Q F0 1.844
(for a reference to a document that details ho)4.344 F 4.344(wp)-.25 G
1.845(osix mode af)-4.344 F(fects)-.25 E(bash')224 648 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G
(eha)-2.5 E(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 660 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0
(Same as)224 672 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 684 S(rbose).1 E
F0(Same as)224 684 Q F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 696 Q F0 .209
(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 696 R 2.709(ace. This)
-.1 F .209(also af)2.709 F .209(fects the editing in-)-.25 F(terf)224
708 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A
(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E
(16)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
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E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(xtrace)184 84 Q F0
(Same as)224 84 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 102 Q F1<ad6f>3.052 E F0
.552(is supplied with no)3.052 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name)
3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553
(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184
114 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0
3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071
(commands to recreate the current)3.571 F
(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 126 Q F1<ad70>
144 138 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 138 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1
(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F
/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)
-.27 E F0 1.072(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501
(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 150 R 1.5
(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3
-.27(BA)184 162 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H)
.855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.774 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G
.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F
(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 174 R .38
(If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u)
-.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461
(user \(group\) id, and the)184 186 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461
(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462
(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 198 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395
(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70>
2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25
E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 210 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G
.386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886
F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F
(set to the real user and group ids.)184 222 Q F1<ad72>144 234 Q F0
(Enable restricted shell mode.)184 234 Q
(This option cannot be unset once it has been set.)5 E F1<ad74>144 246 Q
F0(Exit after reading and e)184 246 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuting one command.).15 E F1<ad75>144 258 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 258 S .774
(eat unset v).35 F .773(ariables and parameters other than the special \
parameters "@" and "*", or)-.25 F .459(array v)184 270 R .459(ariables \
subscripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing parameter e)
-.25 F(x-)-.15 E 2.891(pansion. If)184 282 R -.15(ex)2.891 G .391
(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F .391(ariable or parameter)-.25
F 2.89(,t)-.4 G .39(he shell prints an)-2.89 F
(error message, and, if not interacti)184 294 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e)
.15 G(xits with a non-zero status.)-2.65 E F1<ad76>144 306 Q F0
(Print shell input lines as the)184 306 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E
F1<ad78>144 318 Q F0 .315(After e)184 318 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2
.315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0
(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E
F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 330 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r)
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1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0(follo)3.486 E 1.236
(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 342 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 E
(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1<ad42>144 354 Q F0
1.053(The shell performs brace e)184 354 R 1.053(xpansion \(see)-.15 F
F1 1.053(Brace Expansion)3.553 F F0(in)3.553 E F2(bash\(1\))3.553 E F0
3.553(\). This)B 1.053(is on by)3.553 F(def)184 366 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1
<ad43>144 378 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 378 R F1(bash)2.714 E F0 .214
(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214
(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0
2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F
3.053(tors. This)184 390 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-)
.15 F(tor)184 402 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
<ad45>144 414 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 414 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104
(rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103
(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604
F .838(mands e)184 426 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15
F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839
(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 438 Q F1
<ad48>144 450 Q F0(Enable)184 450 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532
(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532
F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 462 Q -.15
(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 474 Q F0 .959
(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 474 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959
(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96
(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 1.453
(that change the current w)184 486 R 1.453(orking directory)-.1 F 6.453
(.I)-.65 G 3.952(tu)-6.453 G 1.452(ses the ph)-3.952 F 1.452
(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.334(stead. By)184 498 R(def)
3.334 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.334 E F0(follo)3.334 E .834
(ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F
(mands which change the current directory)184 510 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
522 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 522 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89
(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932
(substitutions, and commands e)184 534 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E
(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 546 Q F0
(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 558 Q
F0 .401(If no ar)184 558 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G
.401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 570 Q F2
(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G
(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144
582 Q F0 .796(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 582 R
F2(ar)3.297 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.297(st)C 3.297(ob)-3.297 G 3.297(ea)-3.297 G
.797(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.297 F 3.022(rameters. The)184 594
R F1<ad78>3.022 E F0(and)3.022 E F1<ad76>3.022 E F0 .522
(options are turned of)3.022 F 3.022(f. If)-.25 F .522(there are no)
3.022 F F2(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F0 .521(s, the positional pa-)B
(rameters remain unchanged.)184 606 Q .425(The options are of)144 622.8
R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178
(to be turned of)144 634.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178
(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066
(current set of options may be found in)144 646.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066
(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F
(is encountered.)144 658.8 Q F1(shift)108 675.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 687.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0
.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G
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E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082
(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga)
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(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 711.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F
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(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 723.6 R
.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0
.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(17)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 84 Q/F1
10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shopt)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)
C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(optname)-2.5 E F0
(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 112.8 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639
(alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E
5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374
(listed belo)144 124.8 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H
2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F1<ad6f>2.874 E F0 .375
(option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25
F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2
(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 2.566(mand. W)144 136.8 R .066
(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1<ad70>2.566 E F0 .066
(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an in-)2.566
F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 148.8 R F2
(optnames)2.574 E F0 .074
(are supplied, the output is restricted to those op-)2.574 F 3.105
(tions. The)144 160.8 R F1<ad70>3.105 E F0 .605(option causes output to\
 be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)3.105 F(Other)5.605
E(options ha)144 172.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 184.8 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180
184.8 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 196.8 Q F0
(Disable \(unset\) each)180 196.8 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144
208.8 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\
tus indicates whether the)180 208.8 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E
.256(set or unset.)180 220.8 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756
E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G
(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255
(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 232.8 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E
F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 244.8 Q F0
(Restricts the v)180 244.8 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0
(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5
E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 261.6 R F1
<ad73>3.124 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no)
3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124
E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .984
(set or unset, respecti)144 273.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.984(.U)
-.65 G .984(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.984 F F1(shopt)3.484 E F0 .983
(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.483 F -.1(fa)144 285.6 S(ult.)
.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144
302.4 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)
4.045 F .696
(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
144 314.4 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695
(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 326.4 Q(The list of)144 343.2 Q F1(shopt)
2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 361.2 Q F0 1.944
(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 373.2 R -.25(va)-.25 G
1.945(luation of associati).25 F 2.245 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.945
(rray subscripts during).15 F .885(arithmetic e)184 385.2 R .885
(xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .885(luation, while e).25 F -.15(xe)
-.15 G .885(cuting b).15 F .885(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F .885
(ariable as-)-.25 F(signments, and while e)184 397.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuting b).15 E(uiltins that perform array dereferencing.)-.2 E F1
(autocd)144 409.2 Q F0 .199
(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 409.2 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
(ment to the)184 421.2 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
(option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E
F1(cdable_v)144 433.2 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 445.2 R .156
(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155
(iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F
(name of a v)184 457.2 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 469.2 Q F0
1.055
(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184
469.2 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988
(corrected. The)184 481.2 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487
(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a)
-.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 493.2 R 4.57 -.65(y. I)
-.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77
(orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F
(the command proceeds.)184 505.2 Q
(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.)
.15 E F1(checkhash)144 517.2 Q F0 .737(If set,)184 529.2 R F1(bash)3.237
E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.237 F .736
(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184
541.2 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E
(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 553.2
Q F0 .448(If set,)184 565.2 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448
(lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449
(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15
F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.662(shell. If)184 577.2 R(an)2.662 E 2.661(yj)-.15 G
.161(obs are running, this causes the e)-2.661 F .161
(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .161(xit is at-)-.15 F 1.091
(tempted without an interv)184 589.2 R 1.091(ening command \(see)-.15 F
/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.091(JOB CONTR)3.591 F(OL)-.27 E F0(in)3.341 E F2
(bash\(1\))3.591 E F0 3.591(\). The)B(shell)3.591 E(al)184 601.2 Q -.1
(wa)-.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G
(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 613.2 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184
625.2 R F1(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G
1.09(ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09
(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 637.2 Q 3.35(,u)-.65 G .85
(pdates the v)-3.35 F .85(alues of)-.25 F F3(LINES)3.35 E F0(and)3.1 E
F3(COLUMNS)3.35 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .85
(This option is enabled by de-)5.35 F -.1(fa)184 649.2 S(ult.).1 E F1
(cmdhist)144 661.2 Q F0 .173(If set,)184 661.2 R F1(bash)2.673 E F0 .173
(attempts to sa)2.673 F .473 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .172
(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history en-).15 F(try)
184 673.2 Q 5.596(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.596 F .597
(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F .597
(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 685.2 S .052(ult, b).1
F .052(ut only has an ef)-.2 F .052
(fect if command history is enabled, as described in)-.25 F F2
(bash\(1\))2.552 E F0(under)2.552 E F3(HIST)184 697.2 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)
-.315 E F4(.)A F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
(mber 22).15 E(18)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(compat31)144 84 Q
(compat32)144 96 Q(compat40)144 108 Q(compat41)144 120 Q(compat42)144
132 Q(compat43)144 144 Q(compat44)144 156 Q(compat50)144 168 Q F0 .889
(These control aspects of the shell')184 180 R 3.389(sc)-.55 G .889
(ompatibility mode \(see)-3.389 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .889(SHELL COMP)
3.389 F -.855(AT)-.666 G(IBILITY).855 E(MODE)184 192 Q F0(in)2.25 E/F3
10/Times-Italic@0 SF(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0(\).)A F1(complete_fullquote)144
208.8 Q F0 .654(If set,)184 220.8 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all \
shell metacharacters in \214lenames and directory names when per)3.153 F
(-)-.2 E 1.524(forming completion.)184 232.8 R 1.524(If not set,)6.524 F
F1(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524
(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of c\
haracters that will be quoted in completed \214lenames when these)184
244.8 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 256.8 R .028
(ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .029
(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 268.8 R 1.073
(ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073
(xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25
(ev e)184 280.8 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123
(ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F
6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59
(only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184
292.8 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 304.8 Q
(ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E
(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 321.6 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486
(If set,)184 333.6 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486
(replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F
.487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18(ing \214lename completion.)184
345.6 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F
(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,)
184 357.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G
(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 374.4 Q F0 .858(If set,)184
374.4 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858
(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859
(ord completion if)-.1 F
(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 386.4 Q(xist.)-.15
E F1(dotglob)144 403.2 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 403.2 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0
.165(includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665
('i)-.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F
(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 415.2 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.')
.63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0
(must al)5.63 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys be matched e).1 E(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.5
(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(ni).15 G(f)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0
(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 432 Q F0 .516(If set, a non-interacti)184
432 R .816 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .516(hell will not e).15 F .516
(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .517
(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an ar).15 F(-)-.2 E(gument to the)184
444 Q F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E
.3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0
-.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 460.8 Q F0 .743
(If set, aliases are e)184 472.8 R .743(xpanded as described in)-.15 F
F3(bash\(1\))3.243 E F0(under)3.243 E F2(ALIASES)3.243 E/F4 9
/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .742(This option is en-)5.243 F(abled by def)
184 484.8 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1
(extdeb)144 501.6 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .17(If set at shell in)184 513.6 R -.2
(vo)-.4 G .17(cation, or in a shell startup \214le, arrange to e).2 F
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(before the shell starts, identical to the)184 525.6 R F1<adad646562>
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F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.081(cation, be-).2 F(ha)184 537.6 Q
(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184
554.4 Q F0(The)220 554.4 Q F1<ad46>4.25 E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F
F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751
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Q(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 583.2 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)
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(command is skipped and not e)220 595.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1
(3.)184 612 Q F0 .84(If the command run by the)220 612 R F1(DEB)3.34 E
(UG)-.1 E F0 .841(trap returns a v)3.341 F .841
(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15(exe)220 624 S .488
(cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F
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(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 652.8 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 652.8 S(SH_ARGC).27 E
F0(and)3.153 E F2 -.27(BA)3.403 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904
(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(in)220 664.8 Q
F3(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0(\).)A F1(5.)184 681.6 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing\
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(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(19)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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.273(If set, the e)184 84 R .273
(xtended pattern matching features described in)-.15 F/F2 10
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(closed in double quotes.)184 136.8 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E
(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 153.6 Q F0 .243(If set, patterns which f)
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(xpansion result in an e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E(pansion error)184 165.6 Q(.)
-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 182.4 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0
.936(If set, the suf)184 194.4 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the)
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(ariable cause w)-.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32
(when performing w)184 206.4 R .32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32
(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 3.293(pletions. See)184 218.4 R
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3.293 E F0 .794(for a description of)3.293 F F3(FIGNORE)3.294 E/F4 9
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184 230.4 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 247.2 Q F0 2.519
(If set, range e)184 259.2 R 2.519
(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518(et e)-.1 F 2.518
(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E
(Matching)184 271.2 Q F0(in)3.115 E F2(bash\(1\))3.365 E F0 3.365(\)b)C
(eha)-3.365 E 1.165 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.365(si).15 G 3.365(fi)-3.365 G
3.365(nt)-3.365 G .866(he traditional C locale when performing compar)
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(is, the current locale')2.668 F 2.668(sc)-.55 G .168
(ollating sequence is not tak)-2.668 F .168(en into account, so)-.1 F F1
(b)2.668 E F0(will)2.668 E .562(not collate between)184 295.2 R F1(A)
3.062 E F0(and)3.062 E F1(B)3.062 E F0 3.062(,a)C .562(nd upper)-3.062 F
.562(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .563
(-case ASCII characters will col-)-.2 F(late together)184 307.2 Q(.)-.55
E F1(globskipdots)144 324 Q F0 .285(If set, pathname e)184 336 R .285
(xpansion will ne)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.785(rm).15 G .285
(atch the \214lenames)-2.785 F F1 -.63(``)2.785 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E
F0(and)5.285 E F1 -.63(``)2.784 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 2.784(,e)
.63 G -.15(ve)-3.034 G 2.784(ni).15 G 2.784(ft)-2.784 G .284(he pat-)
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.63 G(')-.08 E F0 5(.T)C(his option is enabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E
F1(globstar)144 364.8 Q F0 .518(If set, the pattern)184 364.8 R F1(**)
3.018 E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F
.519(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .432
(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 376.8 R .431
(If the pattern is follo)5.432 F .431(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.931 E F0
2.931(,o)C .431(nly directories)-2.931 F(and subdirectories match.)184
388.8 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 405.6 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are w\
ritten in the standard GNU error message format.)184 417.6 Q F1
(histappend)144 434.4 Q F0 .676
(If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184
446.4 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 -.25(va)2.927 G
(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 458.4 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E
-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 475.2 Q(eedit)
-.18 E F0 .576(If set, and)184 487.2 R F1 -.18(re)3.076 G(adline).18 E
F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15
G .575(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .575(ailed his-)-.1 F
(tory substitution.)184 499.2 Q F1(histv)144 516 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .402
(If set, and)184 528 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403
(is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately)
2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 540 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661
(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F1 -.18(re)3.161
G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 552 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E
2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1
(hostcomplete)144 568.8 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 580.8 R F1 -.18(re)
3.681 G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0
1.182(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F .503(when a w)
184 592.8 R .503(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.003 E F0 .503
(is being completed \(see)3.003 F F1(Completing)3.003 E F0(under)3.003 E
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(\). This)B(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 621.6 Q
F0(If set,)184 633.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F3(SIGHUP)2.5 E
F0(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H
(ogin shell e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 650.4 Q(exit)-.18 E
F0 .219(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 662.4 R .219
(alue of the)-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .22
(option, instead of unsetting)2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 674.4 Q
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-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
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E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(lastpipe)144 84 Q F0
.066(If set, and job control is not acti)184 84 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566
(,t).15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566
F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E
(cuted in the background in the current shell en)184 96 Q(vironment.)-.4
E F1(lithist)144 112.8 Q F0 .654(If set, and the)184 112.8 R F1(cmdhist)
3.154 E F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F
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(with embedded ne)184 124.8 Q
(wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1
(localv)144 141.6 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .422(If set, local v)184 153.6 R
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(utes of a v)-.2 F .422(ariable of the same name that)-.25 F -.15(ex)184
165.6 S .173(ists at a pre).15 F .173(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673
(yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .174
(The nameref attrib)5.174 F .174(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 177.6 Q
F1(localv)144 194.4 Q(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .329(If set, calling)184 206.4 R
F1(unset)2.829 E F0 .329(on local v)2.829 F .329(ariables in pre)-.25 F
.328(vious function scopes marks them so subse-)-.25 F .543(quent looku\
ps \214nd them unset until that function returns. This is identical to \
the beha)184 218.4 R(v-)-.2 E(ior of unsetting local v)184 230.4 Q
(ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F1(login_shell)144 247.2
Q F0 .693
(The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184
259.2 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INV)3.192 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(in)
2.942 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(bash\(1\))3.192 E F0(\).)A(The v)184
271.2 Q(alue may not be changed.)-.25 E F1(mailwar)144 288 Q(n)-.15 E F0
.814(If set, and a \214le that)184 300 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815
(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F
-.1(wa)184 312 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E
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328.8 Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 340.8 R F1 -.18(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E
F0 .325(is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324
(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH)-.189 E
F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F
(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 352.8 Q
F1(nocaseglob)144 369.6 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 381.6 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0
.436(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f)
-.25 H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 393.6 S
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(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti)3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H
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 possible completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184
458.4 Q F1(noexpand_translation)144 475.2 Q F0 1.117(If set,)184 487.2 R
F1(bash)3.617 E F0 1.117(encloses the translated results of $"..." quot\
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(If the string is not translated, this has no ef)5 E(fect.)-.25 E F1
(nullglob)144 516 Q F0 .319(If set,)184 528 R F1(bash)2.819 E F0(allo)
2.819 E .319(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)
2.818 G .318(thname Expansion).1 F F0(in)2.818 E F3(bash\(1\))2.818 E F0
(\))A(to e)184 540 Q(xpand to a null string, rather than themselv)-.15 E
(es.)-.15 E F1(patsub_r)144 556.8 Q(eplacement)-.18 E F0 .105(If set,)
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(pands occurrences of).15 F F1(&)2.606 E F0 .106
(in the replacement string of pattern substitution to)2.606 F .989
(the te)184 580.8 R .988(xt matched by the pattern, as described under)
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(bash\(1\))3.488 E F0(.)A(This option is enabled by def)184 592.8 Q
(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 609.6 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 2.802
(If set, the programmable completion f)184 621.6 R 2.802
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(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 650.4 Q
(ogcomp_alias)-.18 E F0 2.124
(If set, and programmable completion is enabled,)184 662.4 R F1(bash)
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1.473(ord resulting)-.1 F(from the e)184 698.4 Q(xpanded alias.)-.15 E
(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E
(21)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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(.T)C(his option is enabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 136.8
S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 .329
(The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see)
184 148.8 R F2 .329(RESTRICTED SHELL)2.829 F F0(in)2.58 E F3(bash\(1\))
184 160.8 Q F0 2.731(\). The)B -.25(va)2.731 G .231
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(This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.231 F(x-)-.15 E
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(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E F1
(shift_v)144 189.6 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 201.6 R F1
(shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501
(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502
(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 213.6 Q F1(sour)
144 230.4 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 242.4 R F1(.)3.271 E
F0(\()3.271 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v)
-3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77
(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar)
184 254.4 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E
(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.1(va)144 271.2 S(rr).1 E(edir_close)-.18 E F0 .74(If \
set, the shell automatically closes \214le descriptors assigned using t\
he)184 283.2 R F3({varname})3.24 E F0(redi-)3.24 E .908
(rection syntax \(see)184 295.2 R F2(REDIRECTION)3.408 E F0(in)3.157 E
F3(bash\(1\))3.407 E F0 3.407(\)i)C .907(nstead of lea)-3.407 F .907
(ving them open when the)-.2 F(command completes.)184 307.2 Q F1
(xpg_echo)144 324 Q F0(If set, the)184 336 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5
G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1
E F1(suspend)108 352.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A .909(Suspend the e)
144 364.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .909(cution of this shell until it recei).15
F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.41(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.41(signal. A)3.16 F .91
(login shell, or a shell)3.41 F .753
(without job control enabled, cannot be suspended; the)144 376.8 R F1
<ad66>3.253 E F0 .752(option can be used to o)3.252 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
.752(rride this and).15 F .107(force the suspension.)144 388.8 R .107(T\
he return status is 0 unless the shell is a login shell or job control \
is not en-)5.107 F(abled and)144 400.8 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0
(is not supplied.)2.5 E F1(test)108 417.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1
([)108 429.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878
(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 429.6 R .877
(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .877
(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 441.6
S(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53
(ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03
(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 1.232
(primaries described in)144 453.6 R F3(bash\(1\))3.732 E F0(under)3.731
E F2(CONDITION)3.731 E 1.231(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF
(.)A F1(test)5.731 E F0 1.231(does not accept an)3.731 F(y)-.15 E
(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 465.6 Q(gument of)-.18
E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .785
(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 483.6 R .786
(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.412
(dence. The)144 495.6 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912
(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .911(guments; see belo)-.18 F
4.711 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F
(used when there are \214v)144 507.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G
(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 519.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E
F0 -.35(Tr)180 519.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23
E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 531.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0
.26(Returns the v)180 531.6 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2
E F0 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26
(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 543.6 Q F3 -.2
(ex)144 555.6 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0
-.35(Tr)180 567.6 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5
E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 579.6 S
(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180
591.6 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2
(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 608.4 Q F0(and)2.5 E
F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E
(xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E
(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 626.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e)
180 638.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 650.4 S -.18
(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 662.4 Q
(xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18
E 2.5(2a)144 674.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)
180 686.4 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87
F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37
(gument is null.)-.18 F 1.682(If the \214rst ar)180 698.4 R 1.683
(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed in)-.18 F F3
(bash\(1\))4.183 E F0(under)4.183 E F2(CONDITION)180 710.4 Q .122
(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .122(the e)2.372 F .122
(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .121
(If the \214rst)5.121 F(ar)180 722.4 Q(gument is not a v)-.18 E
(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E
(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385
E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(22)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E 2.5(3a)144 84 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E
.236(The follo)180 96 R .236
(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236
(If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .546
(the binary conditional operators listed in)180 108 R/F1 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(bash\(1\))3.046 E F0(under)3.046 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0
SF(CONDITION)3.046 E .546(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)
A F0 .887(the result of the e)180 120 R .888(xpression is the result of\
 the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E .434
(ments as operands.)180 132 R(The)5.434 E/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad61>
2.934 E F0(and)2.934 E F4<ad6f>2.934 E F0 .434
(operators are considered binary operators when there)2.934 F .645
(are three ar)180 144 R 3.145(guments. If)-.18 F .645(the \214rst ar)
3.145 F .646(gument is)-.18 F F4(!)3.146 E F0 3.146(,t)C .646(he v)
-3.146 F .646(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .646(tion of the tw)
.05 F(o-ar)-.1 E(gu-)-.18 E .452
(ment test using the second and third ar)180 156 R 2.951(guments. If)
-.18 F .451(the \214rst ar)2.951 F .451(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E
F4(\()2.951 E F0 .451(and the)2.951 F 1.164(third ar)180 168 R 1.164
(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F4(\))3.664 E F0 3.664(,t)C 1.164
(he result is the one-ar)-3.664 F 1.165(gument test of the second ar)
-.18 F(gument.)-.18 E(Otherwise, the e)180 180 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E
(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 192 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .43(The follo)
180 204 R .43(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F
.429(If the \214rst ar)5.429 F .429(gument is)-.18 F F4(!)2.929 E F0
2.929(,t)C .429(he re-)-2.929 F 1.314(sult is the ne)180 216 R -.05(ga)
-.15 G 1.314(tion of the three-ar).05 F 1.314(gument e)-.18 F 1.314
(xpression composed of the remaining ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E 2.745
(ments. the)180 228 R(tw)2.745 E(o-ar)-.1 E .245
(gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 2.744(guments. If)-.18
F .244(the \214rst ar)2.744 F(gument)-.18 E .309(is e)180 240 R(xactly)
-.15 E F4(\()2.809 E F0 .309(and the fourth ar)2.809 F .309(gument is e)
-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F4(\))2.809 E F0 2.809(,t)C .31
(he result is the tw)-2.809 F(o-ar)-.1 E .31(gument test of the)-.18 F
.184(second and third ar)180 252 R 2.684(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F .184
(the e)2.684 F .183(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .183
(luated according).25 F(to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 264
Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 276 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E
(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 288 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)
-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635
(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 300
Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 318 Q F4(test)2.5 E F0(or)
2.5 E F4([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F4(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F4(>)2.5
E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15
E F4(times)108 334.8 Q F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system t\
imes for the shell and for processes run from the shell.)144 334.8 R
(The return status is 0.)144 346.8 Q F4(trap)108 363.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F4
(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sigspec)2.5 E
F0(...])2.5 E .682(The command)144 375.6 R F1(ar)3.512 E(g)-.37 E F0
.682(is to be read and e)3.402 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .682
(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.183(ss).15 G
(ignal\(s\))-3.183 E F1(sigspec)3.523 E F0 5.683(.I).31 G(f)-5.683 E F1
(ar)3.513 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.403 E .609(absent \(and there is a single)
144 387.6 R F1(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F4<ad>3.108 E
F0 3.108(,e)C .608
(ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F
.658(\(the v)144 399.6 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).)
-.25 F(If)5.658 E F1(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659
(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F1(sigspec)
144.34 411.6 Q F0 .581
(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G
-.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F1(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58
(is not present and)3.3 F F4<ad70>3.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214
(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 423.6 R
F1(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215
F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 435.6 R F4<ad70>3.36
E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F4(trap)3.36 E F0 .86
(prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83
(signal. The)144 447.6 R F4<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \
to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F
4.311(bers. Each)144 459.6 R F1(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811
(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F1(signal.h)A F0 1.81
(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E
(names are case insensiti)144 471.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E
F2(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E .666(If a)144 489.6 R F1
(sigspec)3.506 E F0(is)3.476 E F2(EXIT)3.166 E F0 .666
(\(0\) the command)2.916 F F1(ar)3.496 E(g)-.37 E F0 .666(is e)3.386 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .666(cuted on e).15 F .667(xit from the shell.)-.15 F
.667(If a)5.667 F F1(sigspec)3.507 E F0(is)3.477 E F2(DE-)3.167 E -.09
(BU)144 501.6 S(G).09 E F3(,)A F0 .484(the command)2.734 F F1(ar)3.314 E
(g)-.37 E F0 .484(is e)3.204 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .484(cuted before e).15 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F1 .483(simple command)2.984 F F0(,)A F1(for)
2.983 E F0(command,)2.983 E F1(case)2.983 E F0(command,)2.983 E F1
(select)144 513.6 Q F0 .562(command, e)3.062 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .563
(ry arithmetic).15 F F1(for)3.063 E F0 .563
(command, and before the \214rst command e)3.063 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .563
(cutes in a shell).15 F .442(function \(see)144 525.6 R F2 .442
(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.942 F F0(in)2.692 E F1(bash\(1\))2.942 E F0 2.941
(\). Refer)B .441(to the description of the)2.941 F F4(extdeb)2.941 E
(ug)-.2 E F0 .441(option to)2.941 F(the)144 537.6 Q F4(shopt)3.2 E F0
-.2(bu)3.2 G .7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F
F4(DEB)3.2 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F1(sigspec)3.54 E F0
(is)3.51 E F2(RETURN)3.2 E F3(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144
549.6 Q F1(ar)3.474 E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643
(cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
.643(cuted with the).15 F F4(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F4(sour)3.143 E(ce)
-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 561.6 Q -.15(xe)
-.15 G(cuting.).15 E .96(If a)144 579.6 R F1(sigspec)3.8 E F0(is)3.77 E
F2(ERR)3.46 E F3(,)A F0 .96(the command)3.21 F F1(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E F0
.961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.461(rap).15 G .961(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-3.461 F .185(sin\
gle simple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255ze\
ro e)144 591.6 R .184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144
603.6 R .451(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F2(ERR)2.951 E F0 .451
(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .452
(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388
(mand list immediately follo)144 615.6 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F4(while)
2.888 E F0(or)2.888 E F4(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388
(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F1(if)2.897 E F0 .387
(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 627.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
.778(cuted in a).15 F F4(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F4(||)3.278 E F0 .778
(list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778
(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F4(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F4(||)3.278 E F0
3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 639.6 R
1.28(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)
-3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F
F4(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 651.6 Q
(yed by the)-.15 E F4(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F4<ad65>A F0 2.5
(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E .132
(Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144
669.6 R -.35(Tr)5.133 G .133(apped signals that are not be-).35 F .117
(ing ignored are reset to their original v)144 681.6 R .117
(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .117
(vironment when one is cre-)-.4 F 2.5(ated. The)144 693.6 R
(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F1(sigspec)2.84 E F0
(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E F4(trap)2.5 E F0
(returns true.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)
-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(23)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(type)108 84 Q F0([)
2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5
E F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 96 S .173
(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F2(name)
3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174
(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F
F1<ad74>144 108 Q F0 .715(option is used,)3.215 F F1(type)3.215 E F0
.715(prints a string which is one of)3.215 F F2(alias)3.545 E F0(,).27 E
F2 -.1(ke)3.215 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)5.185 E F0
(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.215 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.215(,o).24 G(r)-3.215 E F2
(\214le)5.125 E F0(if)3.395 E F2(name)144.36 120 Q F0 .086
(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086
(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F2
(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119
(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 132 R .118
(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F
F1<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F1(type)2.618 E F0 .855
(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 144 R .855
(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0
.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .529(mand name, or nothing if)
144 156 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .528(type -t name)3.028 F F0 -.1(wo)3.028 G
.528(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)4.938 E F0 5.528(.T).18 G(he)-5.528 E
F1<ad50>3.028 E F0 .528(option forces a)3.028 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
-.666(PA)3.028 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .006(search for each)144 168 R F2(name)
2.506 E F0 2.506(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.756 G 2.506(ni).15 G(f)-2.506 E F3 .007
(type -t name)2.506 F F0 -.1(wo)2.507 G .007(uld not return).1 F F2
(\214le)4.417 E F0 5.007(.I).18 G 2.507(fac)-5.007 G .007
(ommand is hashed,)-2.507 F F1<ad70>2.507 E F0(and)144 180 Q F1<ad50>
3.231 E F0 .731(print the hashed v)3.231 F .73
(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25
F F4 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .73(If the)
5.23 F F1<ad61>144 192 Q F0 .823(option is used,)3.323 F F1(type)3.323 E
F0 .824(prints all of the places that contain an e)3.323 F -.15(xe)-.15
G .824(cutable named).15 F F2(name)3.684 E F0 5.824(.T).18 G .824
(his in-)-5.824 F 1.176
(cludes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 204 R F1<ad70>
3.676 E F0 1.176(option is not also used.)3.676 F 1.176
(The table of hashed)6.176 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using)
144 216 R F1<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F1<ad66>3.723 E F0
1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the)
144 228 R F1(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5.326
E F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325
(guments are found, f)-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325
(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 240 Q F1(ulimit)108 256.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
(\255HS)A F0(])A F1<ad61>2.5 E(ulimit)108 268.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HS)A
F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255bcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPR)-2.5 E(T)-.4 E F0([)2.5 E F2
(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 280.8 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)
-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F
.944(that allo)144 292.8 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F
(The)5.944 E F1<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943
(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi)
144 304.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208
(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\
ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 316.8 R .426
(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F1<ad48>2.925 E
F0(nor)2.925 E F1<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425
(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
328.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F
.742(of the special v)144 340.8 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1
(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .023
(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 352.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
5.023(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.023 E F2(limit)2.613 E F0 .023
(is omitted, the current v)3.203 F .023
(alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .985
(source is printed, unless the)144 364.8 R F1<ad48>3.485 E F0 .984
(option is gi)3.485 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .984
(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)3.484 F .7
(limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the v)144 376.8
R 3.2(alue. Other)-.25 F .7(options are interpreted as)3.2 F(follo)144
388.8 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 400.8 Q F0
(All current limits are reported; no limits are set)180 400.8 Q F1<ad62>
144 412.8 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 412.8 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E
(fer size)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 424.8 Q F0
(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 424.8 Q F1<ad64>144 436.8
Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 436.8 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)
-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 448.8 Q F0
(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 448.8 Q F1<ad66>144
460.8 Q F0
(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180
460.8 Q F1<ad69>144 472.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180
472.8 Q F1<ad6b>144 484.8 Q F0
(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 484.8 Q F1
<ad6c>144 496.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 496.8 Q
(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 508.8 Q F0
(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 508.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 520.8 Q F0 .791(Th\
e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
180 520.8 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F
(be set\))180 532.8 Q F1<ad70>144 544.8 Q F0
(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 544.8 Q F1
<ad71>144 556.8 Q F0
(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 556.8 Q F1
<ad72>144 568.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 568.8
Q F1<ad73>144 580.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 580.8 Q F1<ad74>144
592.8 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 592.8 Q F1
<ad75>144 604.8 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 604.8 Q -.25
(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 616.8 Q F0 .47
(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 616.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47
(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180
628.8 Q F1<ad78>144 640.8 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180
640.8 Q F1<ad50>144 652.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180
652.8 Q F1<ad52>144 664.8 Q F0(The maximum time a real-time process can\
 run before blocking, in microseconds)180 664.8 Q F1<ad54>144 676.8 Q F0
(The maximum number of threads)180 676.8 Q(If)144 693.6 Q F2(limit)3.058
E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F1<ad61>
2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468
(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468
(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .044
(no option is gi)144 705.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>
2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045
(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1
<ad74>2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F .67(in seconds;)144
717.6 R F1<ad52>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in microseconds;)-3.17 F
F1<ad70>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)
-3.17 F F1<ad50>3.17 E F0(,)A F1<ad54>3.17 E F0(,)A F1<ad62>3.17 E F0(,)
A F1<ad6b>144 729.6 Q F0(,)A F1<ad6e>3.736 E F0 3.736(,a)C(nd)-3.736 E
F1<ad75>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are unscaled v)-3.736 F 1.236
(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F1<ad63>3.736 E F0(and)3.736 E
F1<ad66>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.237(hich are in)-3.736 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72
768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(24)185.545 E 0 Cg
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E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .239(512-byte increments.)144 84 R .238
(The return status is 0 unless an in)5.239 F -.25(va)-.4 G .238
(lid option or ar).25 F .238(gument is supplied, or an)-.18 F
(error occurs while setting a ne)144 96 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E/F1
10/Times-Bold@0 SF(umask)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1
<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .18
(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 124.8 R F2(mode)3.06 E F0
5.18(.I).18 G(f)-5.18 E F2(mode)3.06 E F0(be)2.86 E .18
(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
pted by)144 136.8 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
148.8 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 160.8 R .547
(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2
(mode)144.38 172.8 Q F0 .551
(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231
F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 184.8 Q
(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
(unalias)108 201.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 213.6 Q 1.058 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
3.258 E F0 .758(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.258 F(If)5.758 E
F1<ad61>3.258 E F0 .757(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-)
3.258 F(mo)144 225.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 242.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])
2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 254.4 S 3.803(re).15 G(ach)-3.803 E F2(name)4.163 E F0
3.803(,r).18 G(emo)-3.803 E 1.603 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.303
(he corresponding v).15 F 1.303(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.303
(If the)6.303 F F1<ad76>3.804 E F0 1.304(option is gi)3.804 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G 1.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 266.4 Q F0 .465
(refers to a shell v)3.145 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464
(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.964(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)
2.964 G .464(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.768(set. If)144 278.4 R F1
<ad66>2.768 E F0 .269(is speci\214ed, each)2.768 F F2(name)3.129 E F0
.269(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)
2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .404(If the)144 290.4 R F1<ad6e>2.904 E
F0 .404(option is supplied, and)2.904 F F2(name)2.904 E F0 .404(is a v)
2.904 F .404(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.904 E(ef)-.37 E F0
(attrib)2.904 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.904 E F0 .403(will be unset)2.904 F
.719(rather than the v)144 302.4 R .719(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1
<ad6e>5.719 E F0 .719(has no ef)3.219 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F1<ad66>
3.22 E F0 .72(option is supplied.)3.22 F .72(If no options)5.72 F .737
(are supplied, each)144 314.4 R F2(name)3.237 E F0 .737(refers to a v)
3.237 F .737(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .736
(ariable by that name, a function with)-.25 F 1.761(that name, if an)144
326.4 R 3.061 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.261(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.261 F
1.761(unset v)4.261 F 1.761(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)
-.15 G 4.262(df).15 G 1.762(rom the en)-4.262 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.172
(passed to subsequent commands.)144 338.4 R 3.172(If an)8.172 F 5.672
(yo)-.15 G(f)-5.672 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.672 G(SH_ALIASES)
.27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A
F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 350.4 S
(SH_COMMAND).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.481 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3
-.27(BA)11.482 G(SHPID).27 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_W)11.482 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E
F4(,)A F3(DIRST)11.482 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHREAL)
144 362.4 Q(TIME)-.828 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHSECONDS)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)
2.67 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)2.67 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)2.67
E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(RANDOM)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)144
374.4 Q F4(,)A F0(or)4.029 E F3(SRANDOM)4.279 E F0 1.779(are unset, the)
4.029 F 4.279(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 4.279(ni).15 G 4.28(ft)-4.279 G(he)-4.28 E 4.28(ya)-.15 G
1.78(re subse-)-4.28 F(quently reset.)144 386.4 Q(The e)5 E
(xit status is true unless a)-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
(is readonly or may not be unset.)2.68 E F1(wait)108 403.2 Q F0([)2.5 E
F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F2(varname)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 415.2 S .659(it for each speci\214ed c\
hild process and return its termination status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id)
3.169 E F0 .658(may be a process)3.928 F .008
(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 427.2 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 G .009
(ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.009 E
F2(id)144.01 439.2 Q F0 .442(is not gi)3.712 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E
F1(wait)2.942 E F0 -.1(wa)2.942 G .441
(its for all running background jobs and the last-e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
.441(cuted process substitu-).15 F .597
(tion, if its process id is the same as)144 451.2 R F1($!)3.098 E F0
3.098(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .598(If the)5.598
F F1<ad6e>3.098 E F0 .598(option is supplied,)3.098 F F1(wait)144 463.2
Q F0 -.1(wa)3.083 G .583(its for a single job from the list of).1 F F2
(id)3.083 E F0 3.083(so)C 1.383 -.4(r, i)-3.083 H 3.083(fn).4 G(o)-3.083
E F2(id)3.083 E F0 3.083(sa)C .583(re supplied, an)-3.083 F 3.083(yj)
-.15 G .582(ob, to complete and)-3.083 F .403(returns its e)144 475.2 R
.403(xit status.)-.15 F .403(If none of the supplied ar)5.403 F .403
(guments is a child of the shell, or if no ar)-.18 F(guments)-.18 E .573
(are supplied and the shell has no unw)144 487.2 R .573
(aited-for children, the e)-.1 F .573(xit status is 127.)-.15 F .572
(If the)5.573 F F1<ad70>3.072 E F0 .572(option is)3.072 F .39
(supplied, the process or job identi\214er of the job for which the e)
144 499.2 R .39(xit status is returned is assigned to)-.15 F .905(the v)
144 511.2 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)3.405 E F0 .905
(named by the option ar)3.405 F 3.405(gument. The)-.18 F -.25(va)3.405 G
.905(riable will be unset initially).25 F 3.405(,b)-.65 G(efore)-3.405 E
(an)144 523.2 Q 3.89(ya)-.15 G 3.89(ssignment. This)-3.89 F 1.39
(is useful only when the)3.89 F F1<ad6e>3.89 E F0 1.39
(option is supplied.)3.89 F 1.39(Supplying the)6.39 F F1<ad66>3.89 E F0
(option,)3.89 E .575(when job control is enabled, forces)144 535.2 R F1
(wait)3.075 E F0 .575(to w)3.075 F .575(ait for)-.1 F F2(id)3.075 E F0
.574(to terminate before returning its status, in-)3.075 F .635
(stead of returning when it changes status.)144 547.2 R(If)5.635 E F2
(id)3.145 E F0 .635(speci\214es a non-e)3.905 F .635
(xistent process or job, the return)-.15 F .802(status is 127.)144 559.2
R(If)5.801 E F1(wait)3.301 E F0 .801(is interrupted by a signal, the re\
turn status will be greater than 128, as de-)3.301 F 1.758
(scribed under)144 571.2 R F1(SIGN)4.258 E(ALS)-.2 E F0(in)4.258 E F2
(bash\(1\))4.258 E F0 6.758(.O)C 1.759
(therwise, the return status is the e)-6.758 F 1.759
(xit status of the last)-.15 F(process or job w)144 583.2 Q(aited for)
-.1 E(.)-.55 E/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL COMP)72 600 Q -1.04(AT)
-.81 G(IBILITY MODE)1.04 E F0 1.355
(Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a)108 612 R F2 1.355
(shell compatibility le)3.855 F(vel)-.15 E F0 3.855(,s)C 1.354
(peci\214ed as a set of options to the shopt)-3.855 F -.2(bu)108 624 S
.398(iltin \().2 F F1(compat31)2.898 E F0(,)A F1(compat32)2.898 E F0(,)A
F1(compat40)2.898 E F0(,)A F1(compat41)2.898 E F0 2.898(,a)C .399
(nd so on\).)-2.898 F .399(There is only one current compatibility)5.399
F(le)108 636 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.254(l-).15 G 3.254(-e)-3.254 G .754
(ach option is mutually e)-3.254 F(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.754
(.T).15 G .754(he compatibility le)-5.754 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.253(li).15
G 3.253(si)-3.253 G .753(ntended to allo)-3.253 F 3.253(wu)-.25 G .753
(sers to select be-)-3.253 F(ha)108 648 Q 1.083(vior from pre)-.2 F
1.083(vious v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions that is incompatible with ne)-.15 F
1.083(wer v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions while the)-.15 F 3.584(ym)-.15 G 1.084
(igrate scripts to use)-3.584 F(current features and beha)108 660 Q
(vior)-.2 E 2.5(.I)-.55 G(t')-2.5 E 2.5(si)-.55 G
(ntended to be a temporary solution.)-2.5 E 1.457
(This section does not mention beha)108 676.8 R 1.457
(vior that is standard for a particular v)-.2 F 1.456
(ersion \(e.g., setting)-.15 F F1(compat32)3.956 E F0 .886
(means that quoting the rhs of the re)108 688.8 R(ge)-.15 E .886
(xp matching operator quotes special re)-.15 F(ge)-.15 E .887
(xp characters in the w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E(which is def)108 700.8 Q
(ault beha)-.1 E(vior in bash-3.2 and subsequent v)-.2 E(ersions\).)-.15
E .523(If a user enables, say)108 717.6 R(,)-.65 E F1(compat32)3.023 E
F0 3.023(,i)C 3.023(tm)-3.023 G .523(ay af)-3.023 F .523(fect the beha)
-.25 F .523(vior of other compatibility le)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .522
(ls up to and includ-).15 F .259(ing the current compatibility le)108
729.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.759(l. The).15 F .259
(idea is that each compatibility le)2.759 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.76(lc).15 G
.26(ontrols beha)-2.76 F .26(vior that changed)-.2 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768
Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(25)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E 1.646(in that v)108 84 R 1.646(ersion of)
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(ut that beha)-4.346 F 1.646(vior may ha)-.2 F 1.946 -.15(ve b)-.2 H
1.646(een present in earlier v).15 F 4.146(ersions. F)-.15 F 1.645
(or instance, the)-.15 F .76
(change to use locale-based comparisons with the)108 96 R F1([[)3.261 E
F0 .761(command came in bash-4.1, and earlier v)3.261 F .761
(ersions used)-.15 F 1.905(ASCII-based comparisons, so enabling)108 108
R F1(compat32)4.405 E F0 1.904
(will enable ASCII-based comparisons as well.)4.405 F(That)6.904 E .295
(granularity may not be suf)108 120 R .296
(\214cient for all uses, and as a result users should emplo)-.25 F 2.796
(yc)-.1 G .296(ompatibility le)-2.796 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .296(ls care-).15
F(fully)108 132 Q 5(.R)-.65 G(ead the documentation for a particular fe\
ature to \214nd out the current beha)-5 E(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .532
(Bash-4.3 introduced a ne)108 148.8 R 3.032(ws)-.25 G .531(hell v)-3.032
F(ariable:)-.25 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)3.031 G(SH_COMP).27 E
-.855(AT)-.666 G/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.).855 E F0 .531(The v)5.031 F
.531(alue assigned to this v)-.25 F .531(ariable \(a decimal)-.25 F -.15
(ve)108 160.8 S .107(rsion number lik).15 F 2.607(e4)-.1 G .107
(.2, or an inte)-2.607 F .107(ger corresponding to the)-.15 F F1(compat)
2.608 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(NN)A F0 .108(option, lik)2.608 F 2.608
(e4)-.1 G .108(2\) determines the com-)-2.608 F(patibility le)108 172.8
Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E .388(Starting with bash-4.4, Bash has be)108
189.6 R .388(gun deprecating older compatibility le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25
G 2.887(ls. Ev).15 F(entually)-.15 E 2.887(,t)-.65 G .387
(he options will)-2.887 F(be remo)108 201.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(di).15
G 2.5(nf)-2.5 G -.2(avo)-2.6 G 2.5(ro).2 G(f)-2.5 E F2 -.27(BA)2.5 G
(SH_COMP).27 E -.855(AT)-.666 G F3(.).855 E F0 1.163
(Bash-5.0 is the \214nal v)108 218.4 R 1.163
(ersion for which there will be an indi)-.15 F 1.164
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-.15 E(Users should use)108 230.4 Q F2 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_COMP).27 E -.855
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